THE FIRST SIX.OOKS OF HOMOER'S ILI.AD ITHR ENGLISH NOTES, CRITICAl, AND EXPLANAT(iY A METRICAL INDEX, AND HOMIERIC GLOSSARY. BY CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., PROFlESOR OF THIE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA COLEGE, N'EW YORK, AND RECTOR OF THE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL. NEW YOR K: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLSH ERS, 329 & 331 PEARL STItEET, FRANKLIN SQUARE. 1875. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1 W46, by HIARPER & BROTHERs, In the Clerk's Office of the Southera Distrlct',)f New York TO THE HON; JAMES HARPER, I-ATE MAYOl OF THE CITY OF NEW1 YORK, T ga amork fs lonttatetw AS A,TRIBUTE OF RESPECT FOR THE FAITHFUL DISCHARGE OF PUBLIC DUTIES, A TOKEN OF SINCERE REGARD FOR THE MANY EXCELLENT 9UAL ITIES TIIAT ADORN HIS PRIVATE CHARACTER. AND A MEMIORIAL OF OLD AND UNINTERRI'PTED FRIENDSHIP, BY THE EDITOR. PRE FAC E,'THE present volume contains six books of the Iliad The previous edition comprised merely the portior that is usually read at our classical schools in this quarter, as preparatory to a collegiate course; and along with this was given the regular text, with the Digamma restored, according to the views of Ri( hard Payne Knight. At the request, however, of many instructors, the editor has been induced to add to the present edition the fourth, fifth, and sixth books of tie poem, with a commentary on precisely the same plan as the previous one; and, in order to make room'or this, lie has omitted the digammated text. ~ Tho editor is happy to learn, from numerous quarters, that vhis labors have been not unsuccessful in rendering the study of Homer less difficult and repulsive to the young student than it formerly was, and he indulges the hope that the present volume will be found equally useful in this respect. If a good foundation be laid in the beginning, the perusal of the Homeric poems becomes a matter of positive enjoyment; whereas, if the pupil be hurried over book after book of these noble productions, with a kind of locomotive celerity, he remains a total stranger to all the beauties of the scenery through which he has sped his way, and, at the end of his journey, is -as wise as whell hle cmmer.ced it. PR E'A C;. Every thing has been done, therefore, to make the. work a useful manual to the young student, in furthering his acquaintance with the language and poe try of Homer, and introducing him into the opening scenes of a poem, which has justly been regarded as the noblest attempt made by the epic spirit in thie most imaginative nation of which we have any record. The text of the present edition is substantially that of Spitzner, which is now generally regarded as the best. On some occasions, however, where the sense or metre seemed to require it, alterations have been adopted from other and high authorities; but in no instance has this been done without mention being made of it in the notes. The commentary is a full one, as every commentary ought undoubtedly to be that professes to give the student a first acquaintance with the language of the Homeric poems. The materials have been drawn from numerous sources, but more especially from the learned labors of Wolf, Heyne, Buttmann, Nagelsbach, and Stadelmann, and contain all that is valuable in the works of these eminent scholars for the elucidation of tile Homeric text. No notes, it will be perceived, have been given on the Catalogue of the Forces, since this is never read at schools, and any commentary on it would have swelled the volume tu too large a size. The arrangement, moreover, by which the Glossary is separated from the notes, can not but prove satisfactory, since a union of translation and parsing in the compass of one and the same note would have proved both tedious and repulsive to the learner. In framing the Glossary, care has been taken to give the latest views, as entertained bi the best PREFACE. Vii Germlan scholars, relative to Homeric analysis, or, to speak more plainly, the parsing of Homeric Greek and a great deal of old rubbish has accordingly been discarded. The Lexilogus ofButtmann, and his grammatical labors generally, together with those of KIih ner and others, have here proved of peculiar value: very important aid, also, has been obtained from the excellent Greek and English Lexicon 6f Liddell and Scott, just published in this country, under the editorial care of an excellent American scholar, Professor Drisler. One feature in this Glossary will, it is conceived, serve to distinguish it in a very marked degree from every Homeric Lexicon that has preceded it in the English language, the introduction, namely, of Sanscrit and Linguistic etymologies, the application of which to the Homeric text becomes doubly interesting in consequence of the ancient forms of the language which here continually present themselves. In order to render the Glossary useful to those, also, who may wish to pursue their reading beyond the portion of the Iliad contained in this volume, a full and accurate Index has been subjoined to it. The Metrical Index has been carefully constructed, and with especial reference to the doctrine of the digamma, and its bearing on Homeric versification. It has been extended, however, no further than to the end of the third book, since after this the student will be able to proceed without needing sucha guide, or else, whenever any serious metrical difficulty arises (and this occurs very seldom), will find it explained in the commentary. As regards typographical appearance and accura. cy, the editor thinks he may confidently assert, thai 'Vll P RE F.A C;E. the present volume is fully equal to any thing of the kind that has ever issued from the American press. For this accuracy, as well as for other important aids the is mainly indebted to his friend and colleague, Pro{essor Drisler, to whom he has so often had occasion to express his obligations, and who, he is happy tc say, is about to add to his already well-earned repu. tation, by a Greek-English and English-Greek Lex. icon for the use of schools, which will prove of incalculable benefit to the young student, and will put him in possession of a manual which has long been, and is still so much, wanted. Astoria AoWIehP A. Ye, OdamoB pIi9 i m H O M E R'S~ ILIA D B 0 0 K I. O&'oXE~vlv, [ ltvpi''AXaltor aXlyE' kOrleev, ULoxdag d' iOi tovq,vX.a` "A'd6t rpola'tev'Hp&'wv, avi-roviS 6s Dapta Te-besE 1veoa1tv OiWvolai rE rdLt — Atb9 6' eeirEXoTO P3OVj — EZ ov d.l Ird r7rp&)ra dtaaryryv kpicavre.A-rn'peidlq re, ava~ avdpv, mat d6og'AxtZAseSv. TiS i-' ap aqose iE&v KpL&L:VVErIcsE FtaXeaOat;.A'qOvg Icat AtLo vi6o' O yTap [3aactrZi' Xo&Oeitg Novaov ava arpa-rbv wpe Icatciv, 56iovTO s 6 aaoi, ItO Ov{veca rOb XpVazCv Ijrrl'a' appr7pa'A?-pEirlf O yap XO6e Ooaf e7Tr vilag'XaLOLav, ava6p8ev6q rE 9irvyarpa, 0-pwv r' aTsipeuct' a'rova, rettlma ir' eXv v y XEPciv. Es1662Uov'A0r6XZwvog XlpvaU &v ava icfqrrrp, tiat Duae-ro rc v-rag'AXatov', 15 A-rpeida 6 IdXtcata7a 6'd&, Icoapi-opes?a6v.'A-rpedai TE gcati a2ot givilvjlcdes'Axatoi, Tilv piv 9otE 6olev'OlO/rtla d6ltar' XovrTE~'ETcirep;at Hptatolo wr6Ztv, e6 6' obica6' liceOac' TIad6a 6'.oi t,ivaa[i rse 0i7v, ard' arrotva 6e,'eOai, 20'A4Tusvot Obo' viOv E81c6XOv'A-ir6X,,wya. TEvO' 6i2)ot peZv rrdv-esg srevnpbrluav'AXatoi, &iddeOai 9' i~pita, Kat ayaadr 6tOaLt riroZva 2 BOOK I. AXX' ozv''A-rpF/6'Aya/ie /vovL?vdat e OviL,'AQ'ic-aIC6)9 a&pElt, KpaT7pov 6''7Tt iV00ov 7re)Ae.?v' 29 Mij buE, yi'pov, cotiauctv do irapa vrlva' ItcXesro,'II v-vv (6O1vov-V' r) V5TEpov aVt9l i6vTCa, vv vi OL oi Xpaioyt auxprrpov tcat aG7lla *%Eo0a o. T5v 6' y'& oV iZVXGu0' rptv JlIV icat yTpa E7rretltv ttere-pwp i~vi ol', ~v "Apy&ei, 7ir76Ot 7rarprlg, 3Q'arbv 87rotXo!tvrv, i Jat c obv;)t.Xog atvrtowav' AX2X' t l s,il p2'p Ote, oa6t-rEpog Wg kE vieat.'g2 EOar'' 8 6ewtev 6' 56 -'ypwv tca erei[Oero lvO(,o Bi d' atewv wapa &9iva 7roxvqXoiaootoo -a0daiu5?. 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"Qg T')y' avrt6[otout -ltaX eoaabtvwo rrseaoltv AvOz-rrf-rv * vauav d' ayop?)v 7rapa vqvaotv'AXatu5v. 305 HTv~~dvis be'v E'Tri tcatoia tcai vIag sitaa "His a'vSv re MevoLtrtL6aq al ol5 T-apotatv''Arpeg6rl 6' apa v?)a 9oov wZade rrpoepvoaev, ESg 6' SpiT-ag eicpLtvv elcoaLtv, Sg 6' kCa-r61Jp6v BE e,9e' abva ds6 Xpvuolda taRtLrrapqjov 310 Elasv ayOv. Ev 6' apXo E'6 r~O;VILUTLt'OJvaOVESg.'O'' (tyv riE,,ET' vaf6avT'g E~rerEov?vypai ic5evOa' Aaovg d''A-rpEisr[lq arovytaivseoOat arpoyev. Ot 6' aeitvjmaltvovo, icat eig a[Xa 2ivttar' 8'6aXtov "Epdov 6''Anrr06Z vct iesroaaa stca-o6t6a9 3 15 >,ravipov?)6' aiyov irapa ffv' d&lb 2 r a'pv'y-roLo Kvi~ar 6' ovoavov tcsv Elatoooemv? 7rept iTatrvy "2qS o[ beV T-ra 7rvoV-o Kard aorpaT6v' oi36'Ayailyllvnv A/y' ~ptdog, ir-iv rrpcrTov r7wrre7Xloa''A/tX)ll.'AX' l5ye TaYTOrv6toav ies cat Evipv6dT-rv lrpo9'Efl Trv, 320 T&( ol Egav cKjpv ge icaai 0pTp& &Ep7arov77e' "EpXeOOov iKtgtlyv IIIX)a6'd6deo'A t, oS - Xlsp6' i6Ov-' &ayeiesv BpLaiqtda caALt;rrapv7ov El d6 ge t1i JIqatv, syi& 6) esv abirb Doi[at'EXO(lv oxv 7rrs6vsEln, i-6 oCl a ptlov Er-at. 325 BOOK 1. ii g t~irriwv irrp!ot, KpaTeppbv 6' 8,ri')ov EeZi~e. tkO ae tovcre 36'71Wv lrapa 9O.v' 5ZC a'r-pvyeroto, MuvpN66ovwv d' E7rri re c2Ttuiag tal viag ticEuaeOV. ~6yv 6' e pov rrapa re -tZtl~ 8aZ vrO't teaivyW - HELttEvov ov6' Jpa't)yIe i6dcV y T0roaev'AXt2LXcigEj 33t T'1 Cv -rap6jacavre icai acdojievto /3actnla. 71Tr1l, OV68' Ti [Ltv 7rpOE8()WVeOv oV(d' peovTo.: M.,iap 6 Eyvo iatv 8vi bpesa&, qwvrloa v E'E XaipeTE, Kt pvwceg, Atb9 ay[y2oL j6~ ical a vdp&v,'Aaaov iT-' o&V't piOL V'[Fqtl eraitrot, l,i''"AyatLtcLvtu, 335 "O Uai5i 7rpo'et Bpwarlit6o e'velca 1opr19~.'AX)' 6ye, LOAtev- Iarp6Ifearpo It, gaye Toprlv,, Kai acop)wv 6Sb ayetv. T4 6' avr&) tLapTvpot EIsT)wv!FIp6S re Es&Iv Lzalacpb)v, -rrpog Te 9OvIr7Tv avOp&n'r v, Kac rpbg Troy f3aratrog ai7rrT7Ve0o, el w7OTE 6' aVrE 340 Xpetc3 l1Zs0o yEvIrl-TaIt desca,oly)bv fvilval rPog aaot~. TH yap oy' 62oraLt ~peca iO'uet 016d rt o76e voiT5at c,a&a 7rp6raao ical 6iaoto, "O7Tirrw oc 7rapa vrvcat a6ot [tae&tovraT'AXatot. "2~ /aTo. IlHarpoxc)og 6 i 0~ 87rrEn7T'iee' 8ETaaip' 34.;'EK 6' ayaye tcatorlS~ Bptalstda ttaklLtrrapzlov, A&,se d' ay' tv t t (3 a LT 7v traprt V7a vta'Axatw2z "H 6' "aecova' atta rotoL yvvrl ceu-~v.-AvTp'AxtZ)Aeig aticp'uaS. erapOv acpap sTeO voG6aot 2XtauOe60, Oiv' g8'' cXbq' 7roXit~, opo'v 8i7ri ot'vora 7rO6vov. 3.50 ~o0iXa 6e tLcrlTpt iXq?'p?7iaTao Xelpag opeyvvtS M7Tr-p, rere ( L 8TE81E9 Ye (1 tvvV0a&6lOV 7rep eO6va,'Ft(LLv rr1p (LOqt I4EXEv'OX1v(trtog 8'yyvaZ[~at, Zev V b e6pelgT?S' VVv d' oV6 iE TVT7OObV 8'7lGEV.'tI yap L''ATp8e617q evPpVPEvteov'AyaltLvtov ).V'ItU117uaev' EZC&)V Tap 8%Xet Tpepaf, avrog alrovpa9. 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XpViGS.g 6' avO', lepeg9V igE ca66ov'Air629ouvo~, 370 HXO8e,19doa isri vnag'AXatwrv xaQctOXItWr)vtov AvaoEJ1v6qo re i9viyarpa, ~Epwv r' a7repEiat' darotvo eLzbtan' eXwV' isv Xe8piv EIro662,ov'A'r6,L;2vog Xpvae va avdilc'iprp, ai ailioaaero rarvraq'AXatovqg,'AnTpd6a 6, laitLTha d6Vw, iCO6CrTop0s 9 a'v. 375 "EvO' 0i,2ot imUv 7ravnTeg erevob4Soqav'AXatoi AildeOBai 9' lsplja, icail 6ya 6a d6XOat airoLva'A2uX' o-v''Arpesidq'Ayat8tdvovt WvSave &vba,'AXla lcawiS a'[el, tcparepov 6' iw7i r9Oov 8T,2eeV.. Xwod6zsvoS 6' 6 yTptov rr7ZtvL Xero.-rolo 6''A7r6Zwuv qtRO E-v'apevov qkcovVev, k-IF8t, acUcd Ol 02log q8V.'Htce 6' ~7T''ApyeioLta icatcbv fE0iog' od 6~ vv aol oVycOvl'rraoGVTrepoL' *a 6' &drXero IrC7a 9eo0o IcdvTni a6va orpaTbv eVpVV'Axaltv. "Aplqt 68t [iaVT7 Ev' EldS aoY6psvs E 9sorporriaf'Eica oto' 35S AVT lIC' pb&) Tro9p tcseICtv 19e0X)v i' lxzo aeO9a,'A.rpel'wa 6' o 78vta' X6,g Xac6ev' afla 6''aa-oaq'IIrtle[i7&v (LT0ov, 6 6) TEiST ealU8VpO o riv. Tlrv af1v yap o)v V o1 90Q E' -ic7r89'Axatot'EF Xpriolv r4tnmrov'tv,'yovot 6i 6&5pa aivawr. 39l Tr'v di v~ov tctlOV 60v 2)av lfpvic-f agyovTeKoiprlv Bptaoro', -V o0t d66av vtoe'Axaw.'A)aZ ('a', II vvvaoai 8e, T7r, pifvo 7ratdob E9io BOOK 13 E'20oiCo' Ob^1v/~r6vd6 Ai'a,icatL, et rroTr 6i rT "IH'7Tret l'rljtaf tcpa6cilv Atof rlE ical py. 395 1Io2l,dlICt ap ceo Tra-rpof vM ptETapotGtv amKovu;a EbgXobjEvn, OTr' 0fqloOa aie)atvsi4'E KpovwUov 0:)'r Ev aOavTOrotutV aELtia o0tTyv attvvat, {):rT7irTE tttv 5vvdrVoat'O2avlxJrtotL`OEov 2,X/ot, Ilp3 -r"' r6 llouoet6dov tai IaZcHaag'AO'jvr. 40U X, auiv ro6vy' e0ovaua, ead, vre2,a36ao 6dEvortv, 2X' EcaT7oXyetpov mcaXuaao 8g ltaicpbv "02,v/lnov, "Ov BptadpEv tca~tovat &oti, Avdpeg 6& -e T~ravre Alyaiwv' 6 yap aveT 73~j oVi 7raTrpo ajueivov. "Of'a rrapca Kpoviwvt icaOiei-ro cu56e' yah'ov * (0 Tbv ita V'7rd66etuaav jiicapE8 &-oi, o'6d Tr' 8glaav. Trrv viv tLtv /lojuaca irapsE0o,;tcd Xa6k yo vwv, Al' ctsv rw'q eO0E62outv i7rt Tp6sEotv &pslbat, Tobg 6s iiavda,rpv3lvag ve t-at cJqz' a.l a.o8gat'AXatoi,S K-rtlvojzlvovS, Lva ravVTEg e7ravlpwvT'at f aoLtcoq,o 410 Fv 6'e ritac'Arpeid6rg epvVIcpe~Oov'A-yactlEtv6v "fyv aTrnv, or' TpltTO v'Ayat)v ov l(6~v 8'7ev. T6v 6' SbteL6Er' eg78tTa 0-tgL icaTet 6daicpv XEsovoa't Q"2 pot,,1cvov E.tt6v, Ti vU a' ET-pesqov, alva reicovua; A910' 6~EEug Trapa vnvvav cidaipvro9 Icat a7Trl7,ov 41~ IWoeOat e'Err, vv'rot aiaa lvvvOa, -rep, orlt pia 61.iv' Nuv 6' aIta r' jitiOvopog icati 6ovpobS Trept ravr6vV "Enreo r - o~s icaitc alu -rTEcitov ~v pteydpotlov. ToVrTo r -ot FpeovCaa -Trog Alt' rep7rtcepavvw Eilt' aLr7) rrpbg "Ovlnrrov ayavvtoov, at ice a r'~O1rat. 420 AAh av9 [tsv vviv vvrlva rTapr'Fe8vog tTV7Tr6poCLt \[vP''Axatoicrtv, Tro?4b ov 6' &arorraveo 7ralz7rav. Zr~q; & ap 4E'gQceavbv le-'" avtttovag AhOtorrlag XOlbi6 U67I [eta'6aa-a, iaeot 6' Iata 7rarvreg 8rTOVTO 4AXw6eidvt7 6s -rot avrtg E'v a8erat OV5,vtnrr6ve. E.ai -.6o,' egret -a:jol ElftL AtO~ rrorit Xa2,xogar q d), k a( tv, yovvCiuoLat, tcat ytv TrrecsagOat o6tC 13t 14 LOOK i. %~c dpal tOwvYao7' ErrsoeuToo * bov 6' e'Xtrt av' -o Xo6l[6evov Ca-7 &. bov ei;4,(voto yvvactc6', Tniv pa P3[n aibcovros ayTrrvp6v. —Av-racp'06vacev 4:3t'Ec Xpvirav l'cavev aiy6v iepn)v 8kar6btO6Gv. Ol 6' 0iE 6ji 2titivog' zrouV6ev08o0 eVTO rbg icOVo,'Ia-ia /te8v a-re~avro, veaav d' 8v vr't 11eai[y -' Iarbv 6' iaro66ctdK 7mreaav r7po-r6vototvl VvTESe;apzralCtw *- 77v 6' eS Oiptov rrpoepesaav pe-rtol. 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KaiE 6''arri Xit; 6'peov, gr E 6' at"oroa olvov Ae6e ~* vEo, 6Y Trap' abrbv xov X reo v tc6oa a xepaiv. AiviTp Errer caar I8xP' gcy7M, gcat acrMayxv' 8rraaavro, MliaTvAO6v -r' apa -a')Za, mala ap4' 6o6e0 or0tv eretpacv, 465 "Q2rrr1aV'e -rE 7Eptpa6'W)9, epv6aav-r6 -E TraCdv-a. Av~Sap irsi 7rwavaavaro r7rOvoV, e-TVfOVTO- 6 -,E daa, Aaivvv-'T, oig Tl'9vig EEETve ro dat-r6 EiaG7g. Aatvvvr', o5 re Ovo g,,,,' Avr7ap serie rroatoS tcat kesTrviog k epov e}v: o, Kovpot [Ftv IpvlrTpag Ea7rTipeav7o rroro * 470 N&utLaav 6' Jpa 7rcIatv E7rapfdesvot &erraeaatv. O' 6e rravzbteptot po0Tr7 9ebv dticmOV7ro Kat6v aeidovreg -rratu'ova tcoipot'AXatuv, MZXirov-reg'Eicdepyov o 68 ~pgva -rprrer' a&covwv. H/.tog 6' altof gcar-dv, sal crrt Kcvs/aS.Oev', 475? -ro-re cot[tl av-ro Trapda 7rpvtvq(ata vq6c'.'Htto 6' q'ptLyveta d'vrl odo6dasrivnuog'H65, Kai 70r6' E7rELT' a vdyovro peTra aTpaTOv eivpiv'Axatluv T0oCtv 6''I[FLevov oVpov tet ldepayo'Aur62okXXv. 01 6' iorbv o-a'aavr', avc 9' ioria AeVrad uraaaav 48(1'Ev 6' avestof rcpqiev tiSeov aiolTov, atupLi 6 e Icva stregpq 7Top/)Vpeov sey7aX' LaXe, vb lo tOvrI?''H 6''0Oeev tara iCtCGa &iarrpuiaaovaa tCE~evOov. Nv9uap 7rEi p' tEcovwro pLer-, a rpaOiv eVPiv'AXaLtuv, Nia bsv ot"ye'lt2aivav 7rr'?preipoto 8pvaaav 485'Tabov )srl ~Ibaptfotl, V-ir 6' i ppara ta'cpa ravvVa avr &i)oit 6' IsKi6va'VTO KaTai Oltcuia9'e~ vsag re.AL';rap O frI'tLE vlvat 7rap?]Evof i)Icv7O6potaLV, AtoyevSg HIl SoqC vi6o, rO66a~ wsi)~'AxteV'3~~ OiSre 0rot' ei, aiyopjv rw(otsSeT-o tvdtadvetpav, 901 Ovre 7tror' kqS Tr6XEVto0 ava' Otv50?estce 0ixov mS p Mh0Ot fl~vwv, urroOeoge d6' ai3rv -,e 7rro6ejov rEs.'AR2' OrE d6S (' Es rc7o dvo&t36sdal y7vsr' u, Kal -O6re 6) -rup "Olvwurov laav O9ecl altv E6v'rFO d B 0 K T. tliyvrTeg apa, Zevq 6' gIPe. O.6~rt 6' ov XIOET0' 6b87L t0V 401 [IatSb kovi, da21' q'y'' dved6us-ro lcva i9a-d ruq,.'Hepr6' d' dv6l pnyav oV3pav6v 0;tvuwr6v -rE Ei'bpv 6' e'pi5orra Kpovirv 5 Trep'~tevov uvXw'AKpoqrdrq IiCopvqb 7Tro2tv3eEpCi6o O0xi7rroto. Kai pa rdpotO' av3-roo caOer-o, mai Xda6e Tyo7v)v 500U':atj 6egTrepqj 6 p ir' p' r' dvOepevos.ovaa, AcaOojlevrjl rpogetwe7r Aia Kpoviwva o vaIvara ZE9i wrap, Et 7ore 6d as u LeT' &aOavd-rotaov 6vr7a "H rret q epyw, r-66e oCL Icprilvov EiXDAop Tivrlu6v [tot viov, ~b d!cvuzopTraroc 6XXv n"'Err7' a' dap bLLv vviv yls &vavf avdp6v'Ayajdytv6)o'H7brlj7etv' V 6v yap /y4 e yspac aV'g ac7TrovpaS.'AXX2 o76 7rrp FrUv TrLov,'OiArFWte 1tptira Zes' T6opa 6' Er Tp36eoL TiLOeetCpa-rog O6p' aCv'AXatol Triv'ljO'v -rTawCtv, 06?Ps&wVirrtv -r Tr8. 5lt1 "2g ~aro' rv 6' ort 1 rpof9r17 vecV/eXy7epETa Ze9,t'AS' aci'ev d6iv?T0o * Os-t' 6' { 17ba7o yoVv'wi,, X X%67T EfLt7rreVVta, ctal 6peo70 Jevrepov av7tg' N1qJxEp-ri fiv 60 [tot V57r.X0 IIe Icat acarrvevaov, H"I ai7ror' E7Tre OV ro7 E8lr 6&og- O'4p' eV El&6, 515'O(aov 8yT&) ftea e raotlV aT/yL07ora71e7 e6 61FeL. Trqv 6d pey' 6O/X0soag 9Po~EoS7 ve6sbX7tyep'7a ZeV''H d' Xoiyza pTy', 07 tl1' 8 XOodorl0at 86'(lputs'Hpwl, or' av ([' epilSO'CLV OVEt6elOLt ~TTEclrV. "H d6 ical avT -r t' atEv'v dOavaroao t 19e0LoaV 520 NetcI, at Ta rE IE( /l at [ta%'X Tpfeaatcv Cap7yetv.'AXdd au ofzv'vvv avrtg a7r6aorTXe, (P 12e vorl /O'ITpr~ *o; d6 16E t avTaa ragf e7oatL, oobpa T&rEacU. El 6' aye 701ot KtlCeaA /aravaEvsooFlat, o0bpa e7rroiOqg' To0v*o yacp s' [i90ev \76 E6Tr' c- avcaroLot fteytoro V 525 TElqwp ov3 yap iEtrv 7ralcvdaperonv, ov6' 7ra7rl;.6ov, Oo' Cia7E-r0VT77OV, 571t 11ev t e16a.j lcara0,,evaC uuN. 17'i, tai tcvav~qatv -,r' "/p'6at veae Kpovtiov'Al6op6otat 6' apa Xaxat ra erEpaavro avacTrog Kpatb~o a7r' Oavdai-oto' IEtyav d' Z2at'sv "Ov/irrov, 530 T&y' (3g 3ovXevaavrE (t&rTfayev''* t V rretLra. Etig 6xa D&ro 13aOe8av art' alysw-evro'OX5itv'rov, Zv, d8 6 Obv pb t d4ta. Oeol 6' gaa wravTie avboirav'E ede(o~v aboo3 wa-rpobg e'vavitov oV68 -'tf E-rlt1 AIdvat epXo'6Evov, aXt' avriot 7lOa- av arravE9g. 535 Qg O mv EvOa icaO.e"r' rri 9p6vov' oV'8d luv "Hpi1'Hyvoiacev t6o5o', o-rt otl avtopaaoaTro fov2a' -'Apyvpo67,rea O-Ertg, Ovyai-rp OC6oto y7pov'ro~. Aivr-tca icep-TO[dotat Aia Kpovitwva rrpocplvda' Ti' d' ai -rot, doXollra, O9e6v avlFpdaaaa-o f3ovXd; 54t1 Aiet -rolt HXov ~ertv, ttev awiov6oatv o6vTa Kpv7rradta ppovmov7Ta du6ttca9Lev. ov8' -rE TI'r5 jot ITp600pv 7-r~iythr af Etil-n,,iv OT' l vor1 7CTo7 V. Ti'v 6'~ tEit6e7' mrEL'a 7rrar-ip avap(3v Te Oe~,' re -' Hp!,,F' 60 Trava~ etov~ erte6A'rso tvovf 54~ Eiaetv * Xae7rot -roL iovr', a6oXg) wrEp EOVi67. AZX' Ov [8V It' ETtEttlcf aiicov[ztev, oiVTLrg Er8tTa Oi'7E E6jv ip6Trepog r6vy' EaerTat, ovr' avOp,-rwo v' "Ov 6g8 It' a)i'v &T6aVvO8 e&5e v OX6Oat voryaat, M'-rt u' iraira bcatra ipa Eto, fy6sl ft,-radXa. 5r Tbv d' i.tyie6er' 7ret-ra 13o&rrtc rrrvta "I'Hp' Aiv6-raTe Kpovid[, 7rolov -bv V 0ov etrre g; Kati?71v se 7rrpo~ y' ovr' EtpolOat, orES -Lte-raXk''AXa /ud' e'VE.cr2uog r-a. Opcieat, 3aa' O'i0saOct.a. Nvv 6' aivog d6edotlca Icra bpsva, I1n ase rapsirrq, 555'Apyvpo6rrea O'-rtg, 9vyJarl9p alioto yepovrog.'Hsepti yap aoiye 7rape;sro, icai M'6e yo'vwv.v T~ ao' Oi iT7amiavsaa t Ee-rv tOV, Cg'AX9 a TtzjalGl, 2)aog1 6&,roaga Errt vyvaiv.. Axaatuv. T71V' &Yraut6 6O'FVogC TrpoqS-71 vsE6lYepET-ra ZeV5 560'B 2 B BGOK f. Aatjtwod[, ali a v 6bteat, oV6i 6E ueO o' u[pi7$at 6' "Trn a Oit dvvr jueat, ac6i' &rrb 9viovi M1iXov S'oi 8aeat * rb 6. rot tcat Piytov ea-rat. El 6' oVTr& TOVT' YTriV, etOo /, /l0~ov E, atL.'AXX' ame'ovaa iKa6Oio, ki3t 6' ET7rtL7EiOEO LVOor 565 M~I vvi 7rot OV Xpatoi7toUtv aot t9Eol Ea' Ev'Ou itxrrvp, *Acaov ivo vO "' ToL b-rrx' ov XEvpaf rEq~Lr. "q2g 90ar' 66e8,elev 6 fPoortgc 7r67rvta "1Hpy Kat b' paicovaa KaOuai-o,,rtlyvdybas a Q2lAov d lp' "i2xjOyaav 6' 6avd act a AtbLq 9eol Ovipavtowve. 570 Tolatv 6' "JI.Lat-rog IclVTOTXVS0 qjpX' alyOpEVtEV Mvhrppi 0iq7 b7triypa Spaov 2evltcEovcw "I'HpI~'It 6i Xoiya hpyTavid6''errwtat, o'6' ~T' avErCTa, Cl 6rI a0 C e`vea IivlrTOSv Eptp6aivesov 6de,'Ev d6 -Eoeoiat ItoZObv )a5verTov I oi62 reT 6atrb' 575'EaoOIr`ae8rat ~'d6og) Erre l Ta XepEiova vlc. M71Trpt 6' hyT 7rapa/pnIt,,tca avir'j rep voSeoVro1, llar-pcl [Wp 7ripa stpetv AM, ji0pa pdy aVTE NEtcgEat 7raryp, oriv 6' 4ltuv daTU-a i-apa. Ecrrep yap it' sO6Ireatv'OI~tmrtoS acrepo7rrTlr?7 5810 YEF id6oev arvceli at' o yTap 7oT0v fepTaT0o5 oartv.'AXad av?6vy''8Srr6l, gtcaOga-reoOat aagoa~uolt`,' kVi-rit','retO''laog'OV!na7rtog E'aoErat qflctv. "Qs ap' giat c va ag9 6dTrag a6lzctuvtiwarov Ml7pT pt' /l EeV %LpC TiOEl, Ktai tLtv rrpofSEL7e v~ 58ri Ti-ra0t, tprTep E/lZ, icat avdqXeo, itac6oiuevy iep, Ml aes, 0Zl'v irep S oigoav, Sv 6O0a2qiolctv &'wttat Otvotvriv T 76re 6' o9-Trt 6vvi'aoplatl aXvvfEvog m rep, XpactaLesv' JpyaTao9 yap'Oitlc-toog &v-rTibgpsiOat.'Hdr y-ap Ife tcai ~a'lo-' 6usfepevat FEla0T7a - 59 1'Pl/bE rObO Treray-v 7r7 P{1ijo0 o 7 tarCreaioto. Hav 63' nlap 5ep6Ojiv, 1'pa 6' iERs24 mcaia6dvt Kar7rsEaov Ev A~V Lvo' od* yo 6' ETL.,Vog hvEYiv'EvOa ue iv-TI, 8 aov~nEq 1asp Itcouioav- o eracovra BOOK'I, 19 ift pordc 1Et 5rlaeYv as 9ea 2evCdX.evog flfpil 595 Ae'tdq'aaua 6ie 7raAdbog Edaro XELtpt i7rre7X2ov. Av'T'ap b ri-oT e aiotat eo7t9 8vdSta 7raLtv OlvoX6&Et yVICi v vEKCrap a&7rot ICprpT7pO aJv3aqtov.'Aa6Earog d' ap' sE8VpTO 78u6Jg'.a9aUcpeat g&eotetv,'Qfg MLov "HIat-arov d&a &$6tara rroLtrvvov-ra. 600 "Qg T76Te [LV 7rrporav'luap Eg qlXtov IcaTraSdvra Aaivvvr', oi06 -rt 9vtbo' Evesero daLrTo Ei'a79, OV ~tv b6pzywyo 7respucaXl'of,`v X''Arr6Xlav, Movaadov *9', a' etsdov l&etg66jolevat orri saXa/. A~vaop e'is siaredv,alzlrpbv aboSg qejioto, 605 O' ttv matcEtCov-re g g6av otic6vdes sKaaro~, IHXlt &iKaa-rp 6J&ta rreplrcXvrTO'AlcqbtTyvfet'Hqiata-roS rrotrlasv idv[lat rrpa7rirseatv. ZEgq 8' Ipk OV,Og T''O2Xt/rro aiTreporTrrC, "EvOa 7rapog icotil0', g'Se 1lUv TyvVg9 V~rrvo ltdvoi' 6 10 4EOa xaOsi(' dva6da', rapa' 6j Xpvao0po3o0 "Hpl, H 0 M E RS I L I A1. BOOK II. -A22uot t4wv pa &Eoi tre tcai ave'peS9 UrTioKopvarat E96dov ravvvXtot. Ala d' oc 1Xe v']dVtlO9 {rvog Ae2' p57e feptptpli~ tara Opsva, oq'Ax 2,ija Ttvrli, O6ai die rroXr0ag 1~rn vylVav'Axautv. "iHe d6 oi Kcara i9vibov apiarl7 baivero /3ov;,11 b l18jtbat w7r''Arpei06,'Ayadttevovt ov3Xov 6vetpov Kat~ f tv.rov~auag 1rea 7TrEpo6v1ra irpoqrt6ca. Bdac' WOt, ov2e o'vetpe,.Od% sl7rt v5aq'Axat3v'E.XOWv q ictwLotv'Ayaltbtvovo9'A-rpeigao lgcavra p!ai.' aTrpEs&of a'oppsEVlwEv, tf ~rrtrTI2to. Le oplaf I Wcl)~evse iaprlqco~to'vraag'Axatovq Haravavdi' v3v -yap mcev e'?ot rr6ctLv e'vpv'yvtav Tp6ov' oV yap 8r'.p 7l5f'O brXrta 6t6 a-r' X ov-TE.'AeivaTrolt pa'ovTra ETr)''aliau.Ev yTap aTaraVTa Hp/1 Ctao/,r1ug~ * Tphaao 6d t 1c6de' pnrr-rat. 15 ",Qg qd'o' 3a I 6' aPp'O vELpog, 1rsTEi -OV 1t8o0v couaov1' Kapa7rahuwo 6' bzcavE Ooao' 1Tri vSla'Axatv - B1 6p' aP' -''A-rpEi6tlv'AyapaMfEmvova v -v 6' ItciXavev EV6owvr' Ev cXto[it, rEp 6' dattp6aotog KxvO' rv7rvos. ri-7 6' ap' &v7rp cedpa?,Jt Nrl2t, vth Eotc6,'20 N1oropt, o6v pa tztac-rta yep6vrTov 7'Ayajm1tvrov, T Ilttv EEtC6ltEvo9 7TpOSE06)V8EE -iTO9 OvetpOq'Ei'6Eq,'A-rp'oS vls, 6alppovoS, 1iwrrrodtaoto; Oj tP) 7ravv$, ov ei56etv f3ov),1006pov av6pa, BOOK II. 21 lt,aoti r' trTErpabad atratz, cal r-6oaaa cp~tlev. 25 Nvv 6'!O8evv jsgveq Jtca Atbg 6 -rot aiyyE6os eili, Of ae~ a&vevOev bv tjlya ic'iEsraL'6d'' eaipet. O,,pladi cE Wtcevas tKaptKobtOt6vrTag'A-Xatovg ITavav6t',q vvv y4a teyv sXogt ror6Xtv Evpvayvtav Ypw WV'I ov Tdyap'Tr' Jpog'Oa, tzrvta &h!.tar' ~Xovve 30 AOdva rot qpad~ov'at' i c 7ryvaftbev ydp wravtag'Hpl At;taoozvq~ Tpeaogt 6d mIqds' E'0q3rrat'Eiec Ao.'AXR? ua av jatv k'ye opEari, fiue ae U0 AipeiTo, Evr' av ae tEXioppOv V7rVO9 av?1V57. "g2 apa owvroaag a6'7T6e-rro TOv6'',vtfr' avTO-i 3b Ta& OpovmovT' dvd 9va t v, l z 5' ol ibsFu;ara te'1oZ.',9 yTap oy' aiprjaetv Ilptalzov roc6Uv?'ta-rt,eivp, Nrqcog' ov.-ra,'TC, a' pa pa zvIg, M -ETO,pya. Oi uetv yap ~T7-' 8'?UOv ~r' abyeca 1dTE arovaX6 - e Tpaoo~ tre a AavaoTact 6td, ipaepdgS v[Ltvaq. 40 "Eypei-o' ~ {vrvov * 9e7 6d ttv attZbXVi' -6[tqr. "E~Tro 6p' oO['S ta2uaicbv 6' gvSvve X/t-ova, KaX6v, v lydreov 7Tepl 6 -Eyea /d36XXero (apo' RFoaoi 6' V7r6O 2trrapooutv Yd-ctaarao taX~a m&cr a''Aqi 6' ap' a'Stotalv,36i2,-o ~ioo apyvP6,OOv. 4 EgUerTo,6 oaKrltrpov 7rarpwi'ov, &a'0t-rov aei d''ivv?r ~6q Ka7Tc vqaSa'AaLJv XaXIcoqXt'rTvv.'H)g 1dv pa i9eCa rpog,-f6sT-ro LtaKpbv "O2vp7rov Z17vC 0P6og 8pgovaa Kcai iALot a&Oava'owatv' A3vrap O tKqpiOzOs X7tyvqtO6Yyotolt iXE)svuev 50 Kj7pvaua tv ayopiWjve Kaprlcoot6wv-ra'AXatoW. 0: ZEv it'jpvaoov, rot 6' yet'pov-ro lt' tuita... Bov2i) 6~ Trpjrov, EyaOvlUonv le yepvm7ov.NeaTrop 7grapa vr7' Hlv.cotyEv~og a3aclof, ~ TovWg oyE avylca2&E7ag 7rviEctvv 1)p7v3ETv-ro 03o`'V 65 KZirTE, 9glot O9E6C [oot ev?7rOvtov X06ev oVELpoc At6tpoatrlv dL& vYvra 0t rtaria 6d NgaTOPt i[Z 0sxc12-.'BOOK 1I. a.idto Te ipyeO6q0 Te, "vjV T XtvTa ew'Et, t r~i 6' ap' virrp te aa;gX~, gac lise rrpb 8tOov' etrE' EveLw,'Arpo'og viE, daitpovog, i7rroddtto o; 60 Ob Xpl ravv tGov E6Etv PovX100p6pov Av6pa,'gt Xaoi -' Trtre-rpaq0aTa'at, tca T-roaa [c' qlev. Nvv d' ttLOev 4v-eg c(Ktca Atbg d' -rot 6 o yyEZ6W ElCt, Oc aei6 avevOev 8Ecv!zeya,isjderaLt 1d' 0Zeatpet. 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T2:~re, 00)ol, gcai tlevazT' 7rt' Xpvov, o6pa daozemv, II Svebv Kad2XaS lzav-reverat, jE icat ovct. 300 Ev3 ydp d6I - 668e'tev Evi opEoav I Eo-r 6 rardv eg riMdpa-vpot, c)qv {t) KpeSq g6av 9av6rolo gEpovaat' XOtcd - E cat -rrp6)')i;, O5r' 4 Av`)cda vre-'AXatCov'Hyep'OovTo icai6, IHptLa6t icaL Tpwoa O~povuat *'Hfe7g 6d' afb/L 7rept Krpvlv tepoV' icara t6mouoV3 305'Ep6ojtev aOavariotlat,Xrioaaa 8ica-6[t6a9, Ka2l, ViTOb 7rravitaviar, 50ev pEev &yiaobv viSop "EvO'.Eadv71 te3ya olrta' dpdiov 8Er! vorra 6aootv6o, B2tepda6~oS, g6v p' avr" S'0?xvtr-rtog ice qo(gde, Bwitoio'7ratiag 7rp6S poa Trraravtra ov OpooevV. 31]o'EvOa 6' saav a-povOozo veocao[, vfrrta sK~cva, "O',p 8Tr' atcporTaT'r 7rTEaiotg V7ro7re7Tr T376e,'Or'a, ar'ap t'Trrlp Ev6a-r7l v, V T3ge TEmcva. "EvO' O'ye robg seeItvai aTCaOtEL~ TrTPrTpytraq~ M?-7p d' amaTLeroraro o66vpotFevjr /1Xa?r-cva 3 1fi Tijv 6' EX)clXtSlEvo XT7rEpvyog?A6e8v a/cttaXvtav. Anvrap s're7i IcaTa -' btv' e&aye arpovOolo icat avrni'v, Tiv iEZV api[rXov &9tEV vaeq, KgrrEp'b1vev' Adav ydp Ftv'Oligce Kp6vov rradi &ydlv~2o -rse'Hyted 6' kara6r-eg Oavttadobev, Olov ETVXrl. 322'2sQ orv 6etva" 7ruZopa &9e3v eiqiO'' ca-6bto6aq, Ka6Xxaq 6' a-Tigc' riret-ra 1SEorrpo7r-wv ay6pevev. l7r-' &avoj E~ysveaOe, mcaprluoot6wwvre'AXatoi;'lv v 66'' Erlve rtpa9 yta OTrle ra ZeiV "O&tziov, 60/t70)ceOrov, gOv IcXs'o oV'rror' 62e-rTai 3-a.'Qovro g o ar- -riEv' 9.baye oapovOoio Kalt advTwi2' OrCI-) CTrap nfT'?lp va-rl7 1vC'7, 7g T~KE ticva. C 2 30 B1OOK II. 52' 1fEi'g To auaT' eoTEa =TO;tTiofe2 avlOt.'re 6edSra 6de r6XOtv atipjaotev evpvayvtav Keivo6S 9' 9 ay6opeve z r- d0 vvv 7rrav-ra TEiErTat. 330'A.A' aIe tivere rrav-re', ESvxLlztdEf'Axatot, AVi-roV, El6Kcev 6airv.tuya llptiELoto &itwev. %2f i'bar-'ApyIToe 6i ti7y' L'aXov-d&ipl 6d v7lES 2'epdaitSov tvovda6iav ai)aacv w.v vrr''AXatcvMIvOov erratvijqavTef'06vaaof'Egoto. 33& Tolot 6e icai tETEtrrsE rP'epivto0 lrroTra NTarwP' "Q2 r6Trot, 6d 7irataiv ~otcOT6'e aiTopdaaOe% N.rrtaXoLtg, oI OV't itet 7ro2.eziq'a epya. 11 6d ovvOefal T~re tai a opta jaE-tat a[tttv;'Ev Xrvpt 6) 3oviuai rs yEsvota-Io I,6Ea 7' a&v6p5v, 340 1rrovd6ai -r' aIcprot Ica 6&etai, qS ~irTTrrtOjev A-Vrog ydap S' r,'Eag' EpPtativop~sv, ov3 e't tFtXog Evptysevat dvvaesaOa, 7ro0vv Xp6vov eivOd6' 8O6vres.'A-rpe6l, av 6''0' S rrptiv,y@ov JiarT,.bda 30ovulv'APXE/V''ApyEiott IcaTd IcpaTEpdC vUEtiva 3v4 ro'fdes 6' ka 00tvV0ietv,'va tcai 6io, -ot' Ev'Ayats v N6acv /3ov2Eviwa' — avvatg' Oiv EGasuIat avTwv — THplv "Apyo6d' l'vat, 7rplv ai a Atbf atiytOoto rPvd6Evat SELT Ev6o9 Vrr6aXeatf, qj itat ovct. Plf yTp oairv icaravevaaL virepFLevma Kpovhwva 35c0 Hj/a-ra T t), 07e vvralv irr' wicvrr6potaLtv 6atvov'ApyeTlo TpceaLt 06vov cai K?)pa 0ppovrsec,,rUpL Tcjvf.piV EL7~a OlE Evt E OEEa','Auapd rmw ern6~te, evataqtla aqj-ara atv'ov. T?& fzirte' 7rptv irrsty&a06w obifdvds vescOat,.ipiv -tva 7rap Tpw'v aXXp icaralcotFjlOva t, 355 rtoaaOat 6''E'E.vr~ opiqpta-ard rs aCTovaXd rage. El 6d rteL' ifrayw EOteMt, oblc6v6d vgEsca, ArrTia0Wo ~f v lb' 8ivaaZpoto leszaivf,'Otpa rrp6o0' )aruv &dva-rov gcai rr67rtov rtCrryxr.'Aa, i va~, avir6 -r' e5,I6eso, 7reiOs6 a-' WZZ,' 360 0Vil7L oEvT r6&TOv EroS ~aaesE at, Oi -TTl KsE EZr r O ( K I'. 31 Kltv' Jvdpa9!taTrd (bvDa, ica-d SbpJrTpag,'AyaLz/,vov,'aQ bp7jTpi /pWFpQItV apry~/, q)ijXa Od (/i,2og. El 68 ~ev wC.P cp7 a, al TrOL 7relOwvrat'AXatoi, PLvuV bretO',.8 9' rqyeztov6v KcamIo, 09 rT vv Xawv, 365'l'' ic' OXb s6r 7 ~ at l icaTra uq~ag yap ftacsov-,at wv6esat 6', eti ical eareoi6i 7r62otv, obit arra7ret, II cav6pdv icatc6rmrt ial adopa6iq 7TXO!toto. Tov 6' arrattet66',eVo~ 7rpoeoq 37tcpetwv'Aya[tefv6ov' tH &v avT' ayop v'u~ca, y'pov, viaS'Axatcv. 370 At' ydp, Zei re ir-ep ical'AOjvai1j gai "AorroXov, To'ovTrot 6desa Foz t ov avrLpcadlbvCov etev'Awxatov T, ive TaXj' I[CLtE r62cq Iptalicoto avalcro9, XepOiv v4' 4tesTEp9luLtV oiad -'TEr 7rTepOov/vl7 Tc.'AAd ttoct atyio)Jog Kppovidng ZevS atUye' k"6wocev, 37b "09 fie fteT' aTrpqErTrovg lkptdag tca veiteca t32u ict. Kai yap ey&','AXtXvg -r-e I-uaxeoocilzei' e'vetca Kcoi3prS'AvLrt6Lotgs sTrEootv, ~y) 6' i pXov xaei7rafvwv' El 6 (3roT' S ye -Flav 3ovXveuootC-ev, ovira l7~LrTa Tpwatv ava'6qratg tIcacov'oaerat, ov6' i6ato6v. (380 Nvv 6' 8`pxeO0' 7rri Eclrrvov,'va'vvacywttev "Aprla' Evg lV Trt d66pv $a,~duOw, EV d' daonida 6ao0w, Ev 6E'rt9 grTirotatV 6LTerrvov 66To cEv70dcrre oatv, Ev 6 T t apfcazoI-9 abttIg 16&dV -rroX0 oto Jec6~Ot' S2Q tE 7TavfrlltopLOt -TVyEp, pcpv6t.eO' "Apqr. 385 Ov yap 7ravow;Jrj ye [eTSCoae Tat, oiv6'?'16aL6v.:El tn vv' 8Ooiovaa LdtacptveCt CfVOg avdpi.-v. Jdpcpaet [Lv reTv TreVtAclJtv d ati cT-rr0aOiGtv'7oiri6o9 aitot6p6T79q,, rep 6' EyXeit Cetpa cattetTrat'Idp3ocEt d6 TreV 71T7Or EZio OV o pya Lrtraivov.- 393'Ov 6d Ic' Eyc)v airvevOe bttdagXri W0ovra vorja) NMtttva'ltv rrapa vIrvct iCopo)VlatV, o0V ol ErreTla "Aptcov saet-rat vfV.yetv cv7vaS q6''olo)V0Vg. 2S'Q Egba."'ApyEiot d ey' l'aXov, eb~ OirTE cvua Awt t p' 05bXr/0, OTE tcv'qij N6TroS FuOOv), V39 32 B OOK II. Upo6lX1rt L on7r0r~ TObv 6' oirro7TE CilaTra ATrsiE IlavTrolv avSltcvV, OT' av EvO' 07 vot, yva;v'raT'AvoJraivris 8' 6pOpov0o, KE8a6aOvsTe ica-ra vla9, Ka6,rvtacav Tre cardTa ictaiaf, cat 6es7rvov 9)2ovro. AXXogS d' X2,cp spss E9eiv aplletyEveTai, O', EivX6fvo' 9&avaTr6v Te ovyeIv icaEl i32ov "Apr/of. -A.v)ra'p ft3ov Ihpsvaev dva/ aivdp63v'A ~apshwwv A Vj7r&P O POVV I~PEVoEV BvaSavdpwv'AyatLE'valv!Hiova, 7revraT'pov, VT rEPtEsvui KoovitOV' KiicXar ev 8~ ykpov'ra' &pw1-ia' llavaXac'v,.icA?1qaxV 8~~8VTag aptuarea IIavaXaItv, N~arTopa Ev 7rrpJTP)r)Ta cai'I6oplevnIa avacra, 4th, AVTaip iretr' AlavT-Se d'So icait TvJ6o9 vI6v,'"EiTov 8' avTr''08voa, Atc2 tLlrtv'r" aV7oV. &V61a-ro9f 8E oi 7iOe s o.o4v ayaOo'g MevI2aog''Hte8s yap carai 1vLbvv d6eXE)s6v C& EXOVEitio. Bovv d6 rreptiar7iavi-o, gcat ovXoX6 -Tag aveZovro * 410'o~otlv 6' EsXOEivoq UEITSYpl IpEiwv'AyayXEorv ^V ZEsi iVta-eg E, tyLtre, KcsXaLve0bg alOt': vaicjv, Miq rrpiv &Sr' le&9utov 6i9vat, ai Err itcvlsvaq a Eie~v, Hipiv LeS itard r-prlpv' t3aeet~v Ilptcaoco 2Ei)aOpo~ AlOaX6Ev, 7rpiaat 8E 7rvppo 817toCo 9ivpErpa, 41B TEcrO6peov 6 Xlt-'6va raEpi aTl7Oe Lot daCtat Xa0Xc& pwya08Cov' rro2eo 8' q aiu' a'vrbov ETatpot [.prvCEsgf ~v sovilqaCv 5od Xa'oitai-o yatav. "S2g'0a-ar' ov6' pa r6C) oi 7retcpatiave Kpoviov A1' Oiye 68ero tE~V ipa, rrovov 6' alEpyaproJv 9q0eXkev 420 Avirap?T5ei p esv'avro, iat oNZoXvSi-rag?rpo6afovro, AvEpvcaav ~lsv rrpWra, tcal ESauaav al W6etlpav, MlpoVSg T' 4Eralzov, tca-ci -e ti Ecv[a! EXaU1)vav AirrTvXa 7rotr)aaviesg, E7' av-&Tv 6' claoO&W7aav. K a ". ia'v a'p aXitiactv Jaxv3Xocactv Ca-rtEatov 4'1 Y.rrAvayva 8' 4ap' aftrretpavEgf V7rstipeXov'-Hqaioaroco. a4i-ap &reir arta Jtlp' eiaci, sai acrXayTXv' irraavaTo, Miar.-v226v i' [apa TiXa cal a&ieb' (66eoaltv ErrSCpav, Q27rrTdav Te r7rspl)Oa6CSw, ipv3aaviT6 TE rrivra B )OK I. 31t. A Tardp rrTEi tac(IaVTo 76vov, TerStCovTr T~ 6atra, 430 aalvvv-r', oVge't 9vpbt'f ~6edvero datorb Uui'oc A 1;,ap rre 7rtO'ctO ticae 8-ltVo9 E' ~pov 8EgVO,'I'o.9 apa ltiO,)v'pXe rFepvto9 w7rr6oa Nguiorwp'A-rpet'Sl qicVar9e, &va: &vPp63v'Ay'btepvov, ft7FKIj-t C I vVv ajOL ~eycj4ceGa, t 6v' r't dgrpbv 435S.46aUa2j beOa Spyov, 6 61) 9,eSb Eyyva~J'e.~'A2,' Xtye, Ic')pvtce9 pLev'AXat6Cv xaltcoxtrm'vwv Aabv teqpvacovTEg ayCEp6ovvr'v ta-a vqa- ~ "Htpeg 6' aOp6ot 562e cair a cpa-rov espviv'AXatluv loiuev, & bpa ice Suaoov eyedpobev O6'iv "Apya. 44P? "2qg gqbar' oh6',TriOqyaev ava~ Jvdp(3v'AyajtQl$vwv A'b7rTca itrpt$CeCuLt XcLyv0bOoyyotOct et2EuevEsv KpVaoetv 7r6Xe[6v6e icapncoa6ovT-a'Axatov9. Ot'ev Eltc.rpvu'ov, Tro 6' IjyetpovO pd2' JmSa. Ot 6' d[o''ArpEiswva Atorp~seqeg 3aautiTeg 445 O'ivov tepivovre'g,eIt 6de yXavxcirrtf'AOrjvY Aiyi6' Xova' EptrtL aov, yp aov, avarTv ~ Tr1ig haar6v 199vaavol 7rayxpv'oeoct nepSOovrat,.CiIdveq ~i)7rVTteI e, ~ca-RO toqo 68 i.tcaro', liv T? 7ratcdaoaovaa d6toavro uiabv'Axal6tv 4O0'OTpVvovO' iEvatL Ev 6 oegvo' wpoev kicdrc a Kiap6i a2Xy?c7Ov IrOXjEdutL'v.?'716s patXEcOat. ToTor 6' azap 7r6eto' y2v ico tv ygver' 21' v~EeOat'Iv vJvati yXaovp)ut qbi)rlv ~eg rarpida yaTav.'HVTre 7rip'tid7)ov rrLv y&E acTnreov {V)iVrl 45i O)bPEO~ ev 1copvqrj~, gecaOev 6'i rE Oaiverat acyl'' -Q rt3v Epxof1vwv 7rb xarr oia oEoTosrrecTfoto AZi1n rrajPiavOwaa dt' aiOgpog o3pavov tbev. Tnv 6', 6r' 6p3vfiOwv kvpTEeJvv gOvea or (, Ov;1),pa),cvt;),ci 9,,cvv 6ovZtl.odo8tp~,v''AoiO) Ev XEltt3vt, Kai)vCrp[ov JCtq3 tpreOpa,'EvOa ical:voa'7-'o1' CVat 6yaaJ6-lt.va rr'rEpVyl' ctv, 3{4 BOOR I. KIa)'yTd60v rrpotcaOt,6VTmv, oGlapayEZg l'e 3.Atttl6o'~Q rt'v Ove8a rwoXad veryv 6aro cat I2tata'c6v'El i6iov rrpoXoovro Lxap v6pdlov. a?-ap irrb xO' 46v lyepdaaE'ov wova6t'&e Irod6ov avrrhv,eE icati a' 7ov.'Earav 6' Sv 4ttcuvt Llca.Lavd6p6L dvOeu6evrt Mvpiot, &oaea rE fiXua icai avOea y'iyve-rat wpp.'Hvre luko6v duavdv gYvea aoaad, ArTE icara agra0ov ov 7rottvqfiov 4raXacovotv 47U Q2p? Ev Eaptv,, b 08E -~e yLadyog avyyea d6eEet T6aaoLt iri Tp'euat icaploto6wzv-vreg'Axatot'Ev -re6t'w arav-ro, tcappaaatl jEfeatwTeg. Tol 6'g, W?' a.t6Xta 7rrTar' aiyv atlroXot av6dpf Peza dLaKpptvaLv, 8re 7 eL voME VO i tygwtvz' 475 Q2S -rooV' qyEOi6vE L dLE16Yateov ~v0a ical EvOa'Tatlzivd' igvat c yETa d6 KIcpesiv'AyaltYvOv, Otmara cai itceaZuriv licEoO Ati - repTrLcepa vvw, AVpei' d ~'Uvriv, r-Ppvov 6E HloaedCEOaL.'H1i7re 0o~ f3 a ay/Xp Ety' }:OXOg 1rTe7IO raivrmov 480 Ta-po~~ ydp Tre 365eact [eTa7rrpgrEt aypotevqlotv To&ov aip''A-rpeil6V 9rce Z~eV'[4tart teivw,'"ix7r'perr~' 8v 7rrolatoi crca Eaoxov lp&Seaalv. "EarSetrE vVv lOt, Movaat'Ou2fvzcrra dtar' eXovaat TtteqS yap &eai aTre, rapeapri -re, ar re 7rravra, 85'H,ueg 6zd KOx2o Oltova &covozev, oN6~ -Tl WIE' OTL-tvEg IyyEuo6vs cavawv Kai ioipavot Icuav. [HlOSivv d' o'mC av twji ovbiUat, oi56' divo I v &Ob6' ei /ot 6deica gEwv yT auaat, 6~dca 6d o-rTar' elev, W)v?) d' app71tc0o, YX60;1Eov 6 yot Iro op'veV'l 490 Ecl 1I'O Xvl7rtai6es Moiaat, Atofg alyt6Xoto Ovya-r8'peg, rfvlraaia', GaO', oo "Ihov irXZovo ApXOfg a'v vr3v ~po, vdaS 7re8 7rporcaaS. Boiowr-iv tm'v Inv',Xew' ica t A7i-roc 5pXov, Apceai~am E I-re HDnnOcvWp re- KZovtog r~' 495 J OOK I i. 3a i)2 9''Tptiyv svg1iov7 ) icat a-AViCa nETrp'eoaav, 2Xo-v6v'E V ICTScZi6v, r7TOvCIvWr1l6v 7''ETE(ov0,`. cmTrretav, rpa.dv TE icai e8ipvXopov MvcaxnIo76v, OI.' aup' e'Ap(W' vltEovT-o icat EiUaetov atai'EPViOpcSa, OZ r''EEsxCv''XOv ~W' "Tr/iv ica T IE7T&Cva, 50'&2ma0Rsv, MedE6vd -r', T ihcrcTtevov rr7role09pov, K1- ra, EV7rpyaiv re, 7rrovrp~Ipwva' Te OTtc6lrv, 0' TE Kopvsetav ical 7T0olev0''AiapTov, Oi TE IHAMratav gXov, 6' ol rIicavT' 8vl/ovrO, O to''T7ro0T6aa EtXov, EvicrittEvov rri-oZXtOpo', 505 "OyXraIr6v', ~epOv Ilooati'ov adytabv &)Zaoo, Ogi T' 7r'ovar0cvuov "APV;v'ov, o' rE M8 etacv, NCaav rE (aOerv,'Av0?60va -r' 8&XarT60&av T&Sv Itsv 7rjvrJfovrTa vE Ktciov' - V 8e tcS T7 KoiDpot BoWTor&v EAca'TOv at Ei'tout paTavov. 510 O~ 8''2Acrr;Tic6va valov id''OpXopEvbv Mit.wetov, Tdv;px''AcatcdZa0pog cal'I6zemvo9, veg' "Apqlo~, Oi)g i-rjev'Aa-rv6xr 8d6I( "Aac:opog'Ari6ao, IIapOevo9 a16o- o, rrepri' ov eiava6daa, "Apil' cparepl,' O dJ ol rrapereaTro AdOprl~ 515 Toq 6J -rpptqcov-'a y,2a0vpaC v8E oTGtOXWV7TO. AVr2dp i(P6o)V 2XEY6o~g ical'E-Trairpopog?pXo., TIEge'IqS0rov ftCyaOl~zov Nav6oXtdao 0t KvrTdrpsiaov t aov, IIvOva 7TE 7,rTp?jieaav, Kpicav rS'aOeqv Kai.ava[da zaia Ilavoirra, 520 Ot T''Ave~8t)pelav icai'TadlTPrroXtv al~0evZY ov'o, Ot r' apa 7rap frotra ov KI7jtcrov dtov evatov, Ot''Te _t&atav' ov r7TryS.,"rT Ki7otaorto To 6&' ita resuapacovTa dE'2,atvat vE9 ~'rro1Tro. O't sEv 4kJicxov T-rXa9 a-raaav a'Ot8rov- ei' 525 Bot0w7ov dY 6' e"Trrv ~7r' aptL r7-pa 1W&pirToov-o. Aolcpa)v' 1Iye1,6v8vev v'W0'2Jo~ TaXavx Ata~, NMeiwv, oV-rt 76ooC yE o609 T0cauLSvtog, At'a'A&.' rroi L' ie-Ov' 6Xiyo9 wlV lv, t AI voO6pJi, 36. BOOK I.'E'?X~/d 6' EcEicacaro llavwayvag xa'AXaaovS 530 O Kvv6v'T' 84I~ov','O0r6Evrd TE Ka;Xiap6v re, Bryaoav Tre Xcaiplpv -re ical Avyetaf epare-tva, Tadpjrnv re Opo6vtv rs Boaypiov. tQi pEsO0pa' T. 6' aya TreoaapaciovTa fIte'atvat VYeg E:.ovrTO AoKprIv, ol vcaovaLt TrE'pV leprlq Ev6oi1Tg. 53d O 6' Evb6otav ~Xov flvea rTV8~OV7T9 "A6av7re, Xa.xida 7' Etp6rptiv r-e, Tro2XvardvXa6v iOv''I~rtatav, KXiptvO6v 9' EfcaZov, Aiov 9' alrvr rrro~ieOpov, 07 i-e Kapvarov'Xov, W6' ol' ITvpa vaLetraatocov Tsov avO' q7yel60vev' M'EX'v Op, 6'o'; "AP op, 540 Xa),uw6 (vrtal6fg, EseyaeOivolV apobg'A6avrwv. TG 6' gl1' "A6avreS 8rrovro b9ooi, fO7rte0v lcoU6ov1TE', xpyllatl, jltELaw-req opexS q~atv ft8t2E Ctv. TC5 6' gaFla.TeoaapdicovTra Ft62avavt vIEg 7rovT-o. 54' O d6' 6ap''AO1vag elxov, i4E~T-iFyevov rro704iEOpov, A~jiitov'EpgO01oc gl yaiaTopoc, rv troT''AO7vY OpebsE, Atbo 9vydawp -Te 6e'e6~opo9 "'Apdotpa -- Kad6' Ev'AOijvg elaev, C 8'v Oriovt vr- EvOd6e cttv -ravrpotat tcai apvEtoq IZov-Tata 550 Koipot'A07IvaGlwv, 7reptr0e2ool(E1vov EviavTrov' Tcov avO' j'yejt6vev' vibO HereT~o MeveoOeq.'`: TG d' ovirxo TL 5Oftotog TrtXO6vtOg yVTi avir'njp Koo!~iaat t7rrrovg -' E Kal a-vEpaS a'7rt61TadgN8arTp ol7o ptl'v O yap 7rpoyp0vEaTpog ev- 5n5 T( 6' actza 7revTr7 fovTa t2atvat Vae ~7eOVTO. A'ag d' c laXatavog ayev dvolcaitdtca virjas. t-raE 6' 6ayv 7v''AOGvai(v La-rav/To 0iXayys.j 07 6' "Apyos9' exov, TipvvO6 re Tret%1lE6aav,'Epto6vylv,'Aaivlv Te, iaOviv ica-ra ic6X'rrov - Xovuac, 56 Tpot~Lv','Hio6va9 re Tcat arTreA6Ov.'''E6avpo'v, O T9' eXov Alytvav Mday-d- 7E, tovpot'A atc. BOOK II. Wt T]'v' aviO sytz6vsve f3oa)v ayaObg Atot~6y~,, Kac Z06ve&oLo, Karrav~og a'yaK2.elToio3 O'io' voq6 TohLt d' J[t' Evp'aitoS9 TpitraroSg iev, la60Eoq OpSs, 565 M91Lctae7og vlbS Tataiovidao akvalr7oo. vWtcrdv7-rTv 6''jyTE o [oiV ayaObcg Atold6lq''Fort d6' [z'Y oyWIcovra [0,datvat vqrie g'IrovTO. (O 6 Mvrc'7vag EGXov, i)i-ritsevov 7ro2ilepov, AbfvE'6v re K6ptvOov, Eji)crtlZvag — E KXesov6d, - 57 )Op?,etq i-' ~vEIOVrO,'ApatOvpS]v T' 8paTe8tvv, Kat ZtcvtiKv', 6O' ap' "Ad6p1oro 9 rp6Tr' Etj6aai2~viEV, Oc O''Tnr8paoitv Te mcat atrretvqyv rovEoacav, JihX7fVqv T, ~lov, 4W' A'lyov &iEv'ovTO, A&yta6ov T' ava rrdvTa, icai d6c''EticKv evpetav' 5 7'rSv 8ttarbv vyov qpX~e cpegiov'Ayaazytvtov,'A-rpEi61T. [ia - (ye rokx'7rrkEa6Trolt Iat alptLoro..aoi ~7rovr"' v 6' v aVb EV-aaEo v&'porra Xattov Kv6t6wor, 7rautv 68 fterpE rrv pSatv, Oivvec' apctarTog v, TroXv 6~ 7r'eiTovf a-y kaoz5f. ES I O't (' djlXov toti:Zv Aaice6ailpova Ic-rcTeooagav, $c(Ppiv -rE 7LraprT'qv TE, rro2rv7p)Vjpao rT~ MrGoaV, Bpvetdc'g z-' Sv, UovTo IcaC Avyetdag pa-retvac, Ol -' ap''Ap' ivcuaS SiXov, "EMos -', ega2,ov rrEoPieOppa, Oi -e AdavytXov, o 6' OLrvXov tafbsEvgiov-'o' 55 Twv oc ad6s62b. 0 pXE, /3o7rv ayajog MsvcXao'.'E~KovTra vesv'* arraieTpO8e 6de OwpnGaovro.:'Ev 6' avrbo m~ev lq TrpOv~IotbCt rrr7rot7Olj,.'Orpvivtov 7r602ue6v6e' FXatara 6d tero &vPU.'iuqOata'E2E)vrn 6poFar1 -rTe aTovaxad -e E. 590,Oti 6~ ITh5V2ov T' vi[ovTo cat'Apf7vqlv -pa-retvqv, Kai GOtvov, A)Lostogo rropov, tat EVTCtrov Arrv, Kai Kvrraptuao8evra mcat'Aujltyevetav ~vatov, Kaoi fHeI~bv tra "Ea og Kai A(optov —evOa Ers M oiaai'Avrowevat Oactvptv rOv Op'tixa 7ravaav aotdiq. SP9 GttyaXtir0ev Iova -rap' EVpVTrov Oixa2t 0or T B o o K 1.,TeI;TO y)ap FvvXoIyevo v.Ca ulYLEV, et'7Tep av avraT Moovaaiia deddotev, gcoiptXu Atb acto'xoto A'e %6 X'ocwaoevat myr7pbv 9ouav, avrap otdirv Oeurrea[rv mdqXov-ro, tat' iEcX',aOov gctOaptarvv- 6fil TWv avO''yEft6vsve repqvtLOf iTrTr6a NorTa Op 1r' & 6Eve8,~}ov7ra yTXapvpat vdE' 1artXO6v lo. Ol 6' EXov'Apcadiqv vbro Kvuqi7jvyg opo~ alrv, Almnrtov rrapda -rvL6OV, Zv' Jv~pe y ayXCpqa9XlTat, Ol rv'E6v - r' EvMoviro Iait'OpXOULEv6v i'oiV'tf2L~ov, 60G'Pirrrv -re I -pariTfv,re tat IjvetEaCav'Eviumriv, KaY Tey7qv eZXov tat' Mavrltve v Eparetvtv, IT'fton7X6ov -r' d OV, ai alappatir7v Ev~jtov-ro Tscv rpX''Aymcaoto 7raig, tcpeiwv'Ayarrjvop,'ErYjcov-ra v&v'* m-rojXue~ 6' Sv v'Q' Mdacr 610'Ap'66iC iavdpse 86atvov etoaarftLevot 7ro2ejdCtv. SvTio, g -va, Comu-v'va,:'vdpC~v'Aya z,,Ivv A1,rb9 vTp c0tv &5cei~v 6va~ avapi~v'Ayaa! vaV NrTag~ 8i)asltovg 7repaav?rr. o'vomra r6vo'rov, ArpEi[/C&' }7T0I O va(tL i9a0acoa 8'pya lI.E /tey~t. O d6' apa Bovwrpdo6v re gai -"H 1a da d6av'vatov, 615i'Ornaov'rp''TpldV7 Iai Mviputvo 8'xa'roa, IV-rp -r?''2xev[?1 Ital'Ae~daLtov Evrb' Epi,-et TNav av -raaceapEg ppXot eaav' 6&3ca 6' avdpti bcctryi NT7eq mrrovro 7 oai, 7o2EeS e 6' 6catvov'EwTi-oi. I7C3v j~v ap''AoiftaXog' Icai Oa6%nrtog 4yjudaOynv. 620 T'e9, Ob tV K-re.arov, o d' ap' EVpVrTOV'Atc'opiwvoo ri&' 6''Alapvyiei6l&jf iqpXE KTparTEpo9 AtCp)l' - (' E T67ap7eVp qp/E HIIO2~VLtvOf oaEOEtC60, Ti~''AyaqO0veos Ah'yriEdaao 4vac-roC. Ot 6' eK AovcXttoto,'E/XvYav O' 6epdaov 625 N -oarv, a\ vaiovot reppIv ca6G, "IHit6o9 6avra T3v avO''ye8L6eve Meyr~g, ar-aavrog "Ap/[i, 4vAei6ly, liv -ritiE t 4tcre 0of trrr6-a vXe4V9,' "Oc rOTre Aov2Xit6v6' a&rrevaCuaaTro raTpi XowOeC' TM d' a~ua reeaapgoiovzra ftiatvat ve) E:rrovro. 6' J BOOK II 9.Av brp'06OaaebV'?Tye Ke/axt2)vagf teyaO19!o'vu, OZ h'.Ioa'icv dXov m.al Nijpt-rov eivooibv2Xov, Kai KpocvSnet' eveiovro scat Aiyi3ltra -rTprlXZav, Ot F-e ZacIvvOov Xov, 160' o' a6Ypov alLEeveovro. uZ r-' rrretpov eXov, j6' ctvTt1T~~Cat'' VOVTO' 635 " 7 4tpOV FoV, "' avrtrrEpat EVeVto-*o 635 T~IMv tzev'0dvaae'g nPXe, ALit'Tl-rtV airdavTro T& 6'a vge &roviro 6v&TO 2v6ea ttt2u-ro7rdpc'ot. AiCT&XV 6'd qyE7-o 06ac,'Avdpailzovo~ vltg, 2O llxevpciv' E~vlov-ro tai a"'Qtevov i16 v II vyv, Xabicida?' ay'xiaXov, Kacuv&Sva TE reTpj8euav- 640 0v yap 6fr' Otlviog ItEyaOTropo~ vlIEC, av, Ov6' ap' -r' av'-orbg bv, gdve 6& 4avObg MeXaypogT 6' i 8r 7Travr' 8T7-aXTro aavacaafeev Al-rwoTatv''r 6,' aua Traaapdacov-a p at2vat vg?7e5 E7TOVTO. Kpnr7rev 6d'IOiZevegc 6dovpLucXvbi' qjYTet6vev2'v, 645 O0 Kvoa6v -' Xov p r6pTvva6 re retxteocav, IAtJcrTov, Miurir6v 7rE Kai apytv6ev-ra Aitca-rov, patqOr6v re'PVT-tJ6v T8E 7lrOELg e6vVaetra(&aca, AXXot 9', oc Kp'rrilv ~scaTo'-rolotv adrbpevU0o'7o Twv jttv ap''I6owev~ei 6ovpLtsIvir4b ieylM6vevev, 650 Mrpt6vLri r', T-draav-rog'Evvai avdp.,petob6vr~'rolat 6' gp' dy&c jovra [jxt&atvat vef v TirovTro. Ty1rrT6xelogS d''HpaKXzeid]g, vSS E' tsIyag re,'Er'P6dov'vv a vqag aiyev'Podiwv ayep6%'@xv' 0t'P66ov 5aev[Laov7o dt6 -rptla IctalOqCvEVmg 655 liv6ov,'Iq2vao6v re icai apytv6ev7a Kajetnpov.'ryv tEzv TrX 6Xeqto9 6ovpLsVTOc'7y EjtY6vevev, "Ov rilcev'Acariv6oeta i3[~'Hpa i.rei[.'riTv a7ier' i'E.jprpin, SroTo-ato9 airo XEsXXqevro~, I7Ipiag au-rea 7ro2Qua Ato-rpeo~o0v atl~rlv. 660 Tulirr.6eo og 6' ~rel oVv IrparIn ~v pteydppo eVrrr7Ta(, AiVrttca 7rarpb9,oTo Hl2.ov 0 lrAV pwca tar-r a,'H6r1 yTrpaaorov'ra Atilmtvtov, V;ov "Aprog'. Alha &d v!aqc rI8se, irro0Vv 6' 5ye?abv Jyeipac 40 BOOK I Y'. B137ij evYtv Trrt ror6viov' aLTreXr1uav yap ol b:Aot 665 Tlise vlovoi -E J3iq'Hpa0icleqtg. AxvTap oy' 89'P6dov llEv a ye vog, ayEa 7raux6v) Tptx%0 6w ztclOesv Kca-ravadoY6v, 186' kig)2iOev'Eic AL6o, 0T~e O9eo101t xat avOpG7rotlav t'vavast. K a[' acLv eoarrCao'v 7rXo&T-iov -KartXevE Kpoviwv. 670 Ntpeig av lv zeOsv afye vne vya8 g8'aag, NtpeviS,'ATy'atrqg vlbg Xap6orot6 -"' avaci-og, NtpSVz'g, 09c K6UltRwo ~SavqIp virb'"Iltov nX0Bv T~v aXlowv Aavac)v [1e-7' ajlrtova 1TteXiwova''AX2u' &Uarradvbor'rv, wrarpoS 6d ol EL'TrEO,a6c. 67.h Ot 6' apa Niavp6v -' elXov, KparaO6v E KKaov re, Kai K&'Iv, EvpvTnrXoto irr6itv, va ~ovc i- Ka)x'dva - Tov av )eLd6Lrr7Trof i rcat "AviTlKo9 riiyaTaeOlv, Oeoai?o5V vle dv6~'Hpac2eidao avai-TOg Tol 6~?-ptfLjcovTa Y;2acvpa V~e'f -1%tX6(o'7-o. 68(1 Nvv avi roViS, 59ao0 TOb IIeaor),cbv "Ap7yog vatov, O0 -' "A)ov, otZ''Adi6ryr0v, ot' -e TpiXitv' vbtEov7ro, OC -r' e6Xov FOViqv 6''Ea)cdia Icac2ut'y9vatca' MVppto166ve8 6d icaXie-vi0o mcal "]E;U7veg icai'Axatoi' Tiv av -7evriVTcovi-a ve3v iv apXob'AXXcU 9. 68h'AXX' 8oy' oY' Tov roX8zoto 6vgrX/%Sog -Ctvowro-'VO Ov yap 81V OgL9 oT tV ECrt a7i-LXag?y?7jaat7o KelT o, dp v Ve eatL 70rodaptcl 6dLO9'AtX2EVi KOVi prlST XL)oevo9 Bptaid6og rjvi)Co'loo, T cvv AvpvaUaoV5:e[2eiTO i7roR&ra poyiaa9, 690 Avpvqaabv 6tarropOjoas Icati T-rEta 0i6iP g Kd6 d6 M~Vv7-r' g6a.,ev Kat'E7rTiarpooov yXeal.t&fjpov.'lEaS Ev71voTo, e2q7TrlCdao avaI-ro0 Trg yc Koe?' actXov, iraXa 8' &avao-?oeoOat' tteXlete. O' J EdXov 4iv)vitcarv /iai IhVpaaov JvOet&OEViT,;69 /A7jftlTpo9 i-EUEvog, JI'6vda'7E, f.?r7pa tlto6)v, A.yX[a.iv -r''Av,-p&va i6~ ITh-~0ebv e'eTroiqv nOOK I. 41 Trov aub Ipw-reuixao9.'Apoi'o9 yietveve6', ZWo Eb9 V mTi-E 6'? 6ye'? e Kev Ta yatd a a pAatva. ToOv d' ea aJostdpvqig aoxoof 4DvXaEtq XE;letOrro, 700 Kazi o66pog qjuL-Exg. 7 rv 6' bIcrave a'pdavo a6vIp N?ib a&rroOp6l)oovra rroOiV 7rrp(rtatrov'AxatLv. i6~,ilv olv6' o avapio.t elav, 7r60e6v ye ftJv bapxO6,'~A..d aqeag ic6eotYauE IIodpmI7~g, ob "Ao Apr'of, ~~lCXov vOb'f 1rroXvlnrov tvXaiatdao, AvoItcaaiyvyroo leya70tov IlpwSreUt2clov,'O7r61repo9 7eve' o 6' a irp6-rpo TE at apetwoiv "'Hpw Ilp&-e~aiXaoq'Api'og * oVi86 Er- Xaoi AeivovO' frye[o6vog, 7r6OE6v ye [teV a0uObv o6v-ra T& 6' alla -reauapaov-ra tj2atvat vrleg 8'rovro. 7.f1 O'' 68 aepgf eVelovro 7rapai Bot6g'ida i[,vqlv, Bo[6,rv cac P'aofripac tiaZ qivtc$vglv'Iar2utc6v Tov PX''A6ml7roto pi;to9 7ra9 gEv6eica vr7v, E//ijZXog, -v'rr'' AdaiT-rw ErCE 67a yTvvauC4v, "AxqLa-7Tf, lleiao OvyaTrpCdv eldog adpto7. 7 15 Ol 6' iapa M?60Jvilv Kal Oavatcqiv ~vlpov-ro, Kal MAIEf6otav.ov tcal'OWtrcva i-p1yeyav T 6v 6d bCoci77r'r n'pev -6rowv eV eliJg'Er-ra- ve5v ~ippETaL 6' a6 v CaCT- 7rev-1rovra'ElT6e6acav, -r6:o6v e eL66ore' btF lXtdeyaOat. 720'AXX' 6 Ft'v ev vi7 ce ro ~ E paT-rp' a62yea rayXwv, AittV~ ~v )lyaO90, o0lt ltV X[Lov vLef'A atLwv, EtXie' uoXO[iovra cam(, 6Xo6,povog'6pov "EvO' 6ye KEcT'i aXE'v — raxca 6& pvisOart 8Ic EXA ov ApyiotL 7rapa vrlvuti (t2coicr-raao [avac-rog. 725 016~ U~v OV6' o0 a6vapXot eaav, r60oe6v yTe [Ev apo6v,'AXga M'odv ic6qOrloev,'Oi' go' v6Oog v6o,'r6v p' grIeeV'P rV17 VTr''otX i, r 7TrT20,7t6p'O. O' d' elxov TpitCriv atai'IOnuiv i2oc)ageoTaiav 01 Tr' Xov OiXarinv, r6XOtv EVpV'0ov OiXai,g' 7?3 Trv at'O' iTyeiaOi7v'aCXq7nrrtov d6(c 7rade8, D .~2 1 F:POOK Tf. [rp-rjp' y)aOu'), lud6aXeipo9 i 6' Maxaouv IFo9g 6C rpltlKovTa yaqovpai ves FaTtdo7VOvro. OC 6' ~XO t'OpjIsvcov, O ti-E,CpyqV'TrapELtav, O) -' Xov'AT7'p1tov, TLTravot6 Tre.evca cdapgv(7 7v TSv yPX' Evp''rvhoS, Evaitlovog9 ay2abg vi6fo gt c6' apa rEaaappacov7a ItXatvat vEg E grovTO. OC( 6' "Apyuagav i'ov, icat rvpr&viuv EVEtvsOVro,'OpOyv,'H2vhr1;v -re, rritv -''02,ooua6va 2cevmv;v'rTv a~O' eOV8VEu68vE EVErr7-6OEUOog 1Io0&vwoiTn, 740 YriO Iletpt6oOto, OV b2 dOava-o TEICrTO ZEvSr6v p' 3v -rro IletpO& T0IC0E-rec-o cxi-rb'Irrodaueta. "Ha-rt l?, O8E r)Ipag?rilaTro Xavijev-raf, ToiVS 6' ec Il'q/ iov aue, Itai AiOi~ceaat 7r82aaeuv — O0Vc ocos, luca r7Sye AEov-reVS', 6~o~ "Ap7og9, 745 Tlbg V'7repOv'6ioto Kopw&vov Katveidao!'oZg d' atta -eaauapacov-;Ta fteat2vat vq2eg'7TOVTO. rovv8eg 6' aVc KKvdov'ye 6dvw0 caZ eico'L v?'cag r 6''Evtive; Ego2;VTOV, [ 7evrrr6EO[to -re IlIlpat6oi Ol wrept A6)J&'vYv 6dVXeijtepo Olh' 8OEs0VTO, 750 Of r' dfy4e' Ilteprb2v Ttrapjatov 8PY' Ev~t~ov-o - "('o p' g llyvtOv r apotn gzXC ioov v&sWP V06' dye IlrvEt( avfcuiacyeTal apvpo6i,?,'Adcd rs- ptv ica0V7rEpOev 7qtPp~le, i)VT' 82atov "Opicov yap 6etlvoi5;rvy~ V6aT6of 9'g ATV'ro:r.pp 755 MayvIO-ro 6'? pXe lIp6oooq, Tev2Op7d6vog vl6g, O'c' rept 1ll2;vetbv gca IITntov EivoacivXOov Naleatcov' -7&v ftv IIp6O0oog 5ob e'l 4,6vev8v' 1'~ 6' pa -,Esaaapacov-a tt2oatcvaat v;e9g 8'7ov-o. OVrot ap' yyqLt6veS AavaCv xIai Icoipavotl aav.'i60 rig 7' ap r2V OX' apCptarog. Sv, Ov [Iot gvvE7re, Movca Asv,! 8l' t7r7wwv, Ol a,' A'rpeT8dlctv E'7TOVTo. Irrrot pEv TUY' ptwarat'aav yrIprircdiao, Ta'c l130loc savve, rod6cJseac. O'vtOlac (c. BOOK II. 43'Orp0,af, o:7 eEac, oCra/vn$ krrl v5rIov tuaac 765 Ta~ sv IlpEei, 9pE/b' apyvp6-rofog'Arr6Xlov,'ACw 0SrleaSa9, 606ov "Aprloo Oopeo&vaa~. Avd6pCv avi EIy' Jpt-rogf iv Tea,aczvtoS Atak, aO0p''AXtOe9g jZvteV O yap rox2v q0p~a-rog erEv, "IT7rrot v'; oL dopgEmtcov 6lvifova llteidva. 770'AZX' o6 ltv Sv Veaaut!opwvli rrov-roVr6potltv KEir' &ro.uvicaag'Ayapye[vovt, 7rrOtliv Xca6Sv,'Arpe~61t~ X ao' 6g rrapa pjyriytvt aiaZcaarn Atcotatcv r-ep7orovro ait alyav!otav isvTEf T.6otuiv'' *rrot'o 6- irap' aplaacv oolatv caaio, 77h Aorbv Eper-r6FtEvot E2e6O0pTrrr6v -TEu aUtVOV,?Ea.aaav * p/tara 8' ~V''rrervcaaoeva t sTEO avi,6-rwv'Ev,tcutuig' o' 6d' apov'Aprl't20iov rroOSovrTe,oiTo)V 8vea ai c vOa araT o-rpar6v, ov6' Ey~xovro. 0' 6' ap' auav, (bfei e rvp p xOIv 7rataa vLot-o'ro 780 raia 6' Vre7rTEvdaXtse, Aul ( rTEp7rtcKpavv(? XwolEZvW, 5re T"' 6dup Tvowsi yatav icdaall Eyv'Apitotg, o0t ~acw' Tv/weog' fytevat evvagc "QS apa -1-rv r:b 7roauc [rtya a-revaxt-ero yata'EpXoLupwv' u6aa d' Stia dtErrprleaov 7rredoto. 785 Tpwoatv 6' ayyeog Ui0je rro6fv-l[tog wtcea JIpt [lap AtLb atlyt6loto abv 6yyeXil OExyeVj. O0 6' ayopa aiy6pevov e7i rr ptpoto O ~patv Iadv-reg!,qLyepsE, q[t8v'v0ot n68 yepovreg.'AyXovi 6''taralvy rrpofE rrS66af ta Ip ~ 790 Et'aa-ro. 6& 0oyyq7v vU IIlptaloto IloX,'-riq, "O~ To&owv Uiorrbf t[, i7roodEeis~at 7rrEotOlf, TV'[iF c aiCporaTw Aiovwfrao'y8povrTog,'ylE2tevo~, o7rr6Tre vaetyv fiopplyOeZev'AXato' r Ittv 8'etoaE.vq [Ert84d rr0dag 61a:a'Ipt * 795'2 y7pov alei rot tiv3ot qi0ot aigpt-rot edutv,'i2 7ro7r' Trr' Elpvrf' rrd62qto~ 86' acDaarog ogpwpv. 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JIptacidlq Jaa -riyE 7rroAV rrTeL70a cal Cpt-laot9,AaoZi Lwp9laovro, luEbaa6O'T EyXE[LCI'tv. Aap6a-viov av7' rlpXev 3V` Tralg'AyXi'aao, Alvevia, rbv v7r''Ayxia! r7eICe dZ''Aopo6di-r, 82 -I'J] ev tvCt. O rto ea f por~ ebvrOEa a Obit oltog, ab6a ryse dSto'Avir'lvopog vie,'ApX~OX6O r''AKdtetcag, (laX19 ev3 e16d678E 7raorlS O'l 6,E ZXetIav 8'vatov v7ra rr66da vetarov "Idcr!,'A/bvet-oi, 7rlvo'ETre VI5&o3p E0Xav Ala.~rroto, TrpejES' z-v avT' pXe Avxtdovog yTxab9 v169, Ildvdapog, w tcai ar6fov'A7r6uwo v airbqo ESwIcev. O0 6''Adp1oTa7etiv 7' EtXov iaai 6attov "'Aratoo3. Kal Iti-vetav kiEov gat' Tqpeiqg i~po~ atirvn Tiv iOPX' "A6P7uTr6g rE uai "AptLog tL voO3)prnly 0 O VTe 6S3 M&porroq IHEpcoa)giov, og rrept'rdtv7WV BOOK I.o 45'dHesE tavroo'vag, ot6s ov s 7irai6a9 G'aaev TEtXEtv iEc Tiro~eov ~00tlrvopa r 6e oi OVTt IletOaOyv Tv' KIpeg ydp ayov [t1avoS Oav7roto. 0 d6' apa IIepIfCOjv Kat flpaccrtov [ teve'l(OVrO, 835 Kal,qlar-v iKal "A6vdov'Xov icai d6av'Apia61]v. 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O'i 6' fiTE 6 oXesdv q'aav evr' a21r2Uotutv 16vTeS,' 5 TpOahuv tV irpoldXtev'AIE.'avdpogf E9soELt6 HlapdaZlsv!tolAtv %o v Kal icai tarva -r6Sa Kal f~:og' avrtip V doips 6dvtO IICepvOleva xaZV4 Ili2XWv'Apyswov rrpoIaZutrTo rravra9 aptarovg "AviL6tov ilaX'aau0at 8v aivj 6rlio7r9rt, 2, Triv 6' Sg orv sv6qaev'Aprl'Cog M8eveAaog'EpXo2!E% vGv rTpo7rapotl0ev 6OlUOV, jiacrpa MP6tv'ra, ~2grs VZ,&v eXadpr ljmyl srri a6lfiarT i pat m -)v na.ov &'2 paov. ) aVypov y Q4 f BOOK IItT lUelvdov ga ja t ydp r'E aaTEO0i`El, irrep av av7obV 25 YSeV6ovrat?aXe. Tse xvvef laepoi T' at'llo'[ "Qi29 aXdp Mevg'ao9'AZX:avdpov gosE8t6ea'0009aXolatv i65v' /iaTro yap riuaesOat a2sr7ljv' Avirtca d' Ei oxe$wv aiOv rsEXEatv,X-ro Xaldi;e. Tbv d' qg orv iv6oluev'A2iavl6pof 9eoet6,q 0l'Ev 7rpotliXoturt Qav'vra, ca-eiT-r2jy p1lov )rop''Atp 6' 8 -rdapov elg sOvof ~Xa~,'To Klp' aeseivwv. 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[5 "H I-rotoL96 E&V Ev 7wOVT07ro6pO0Lt VECrlV 16vr70ov Etrr2xwaag, -r7apovg up lpag adyepag, txOeit' a'XodaTroTot, Tvvairc' Euetd6i',vV?'1E' EF ad7riyq ya[i7q, vvov av6ppiv a'i xurciav, HJJa-Tpi 7E o, jLEsUya Wiria 7rXrj7l8 Ts ravTi re 641p, iXl AVguevEGLv [tv t XaplVa, IaTaljteglV 6v aoi ad T&; Obtsc av 6d?1 jeivestag'Api'Cltov MevEXaov; rvotlg X', o9ov O OTwb 8Xt & p EaXEpl'v 7rapac otLrtv. Ov'i av -otl XpatafLp KlOapLt,'T Tse 65p''A0podrir-.. IH iE tsc6Lj, TO6 TE Eld6, OT-' iV ICovlat uL ysElq. 5 A?/ p4a'Xa Tp6cs9 6e1t60ovE9'. T rs Ecsv &qy Attivov eoao XLtrrva Icaicv evsy', 9oaa eopya9. T'b 6' are -wrpaoget ~'ev' AX8L'avdpoq iEOE9tq.f' BOOK II. 49'EKT7op e7rrt uE Kcar' atoav evebtcsra9, ov86 vrep ataav Aie -rot KIpa6i7/ 7reuvg W'~f TUtv arTpX,.... 60'Ogr' eiVay 6ta 6ovpob~ vr' avspof, 5f pd re rXi v! N iiov IErt'l Vatv, 6~0 eLt 6' dvdpbo ipW&v.'"IT ooi Evi aOie6wLatv CT-rdp6grTOg v6oq0 iilriv. 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Ot 6' aiLot 4qbLtA6rTra mat opbicta 7rtar' ract~6ovre Naiotre Tpoilv'kpt63Xaca * -rot 6i vE~a0wv'Apyoq 78 ir7rr66orov ai-'AXatida tca)tyvvac a. 5 ".S EqaO' "EtErKp d' av.-' Xadpyl pEsya [pvOov aKcoiaac (at ~' gq pEaaov itv Tp'wv avsep3y s 6Xayyaq, Mcaaov dovpkb iE;l6v Iroi 6' t6pivOqraav 6irravreg.'ro' i7rerordaovo t oapTtcO~6ovTeq'Aatoi,'Ioaiv rE -triva61Otevot dweaa[ r' e`6a;luov. 8(1 A.'-rp b laKcpbov aviasv ava5 avdp6)v'AyaltUilwv I'IaE0aO','ApyEotA, pa) t3diXerie, itoOpot'AXatzv.J~re7at yadp Tt irro' sPEietV KopvOat6boxo'E/c7ip. *Q2 EqOaOc' Xo V 6' xovo ivg' EvoVT E aavZiEvwq ~ "ElrEwp 68 tsEr' 9 q&orepotatv eLt7rEs' v KSt'KVTE fevU, Tpr3Eg Ktal Efi)cvrql'tLt'Axato[, 4iiOov'AREdvdpoto,'ro-v emveta vedEog op6)PEV.'A?2ovg l~EV ~EDuerat Tpcoag iai -rrdvr7a9'Ayatovq rE v5e'a idX',rroOeaOat Erl xOovI rrovXv6oreipp, VaTObv 6' ev laa aic'Apq'bt2iov AMEvDaov.'lovc &40t''EX8vi tcat ~'C aaLt cract mx -eaa *E9 BOOK Ill.'07r-,r'-rpof 88 Es vtlc cql KpEiotoy V re yEmpldat, KT-rPaO' kSv eV 7CvTra yvvatK6 re oca6d'. &yiao Ol 6' a3.Xot sXOT6rrlTa maZt opmta 7rtorl-r rtuev. "2Q S'aO"' ot 6' aipa 7ravreg &ca7v TE'V)fvrTo oatri. 9-'Fotcr6t 6i cac Ps-,e'etire foqv ayaObg MevsXaog' KlshVrs vvv icat E8teo pyaitLra yap gkao9 bctavet OvuwOv 8O6v' p pov~O d 6 taCptvO'tEuvat'rl'Apydeovg ical TpFag, rea Kalcca trorA od ir7roo0e Etvs' v-' 8 i8ptdoq Ica''Ahe,.6vdpov ts v c' apx?}'.'H[tI&ov 6' 067r7or7pW 196varo9 ircat popa -rTrvtrat, Teuvabrv~ * DXot 68 6dtalptv,0Ei- r*rXto~7a. Ohle-re 6' apv', irepov?aevo6v, Terpyv 6~ 0Xatvav, rl- r ita'Hetip As i 6'?l7fLLd OL'OFJtv1 atXXov. "Aiere 6 HpIlpLCoto /3buV, Op, o Sp' pt Ic I-V (t 3h A-r6g, ETr' ol 7raidse V'7rEp'iaXaot icati arlrtcirot MlI -rt V'7rrsp6acarti Atob' opta J6rj(77c- at. Aei 6' 7rXTOTr-pOwv aCv6pv pVEV jepsOoVTaL t' OZt 6' 6' y1po&v E-a tvv, alia prrp6oao tcai oiawc ilev~aas, oi0r6 o% apta-ra p~T1) juO, EpOlbt ysvnrat. 40 Qg gaO' ot 6' EXapprav'AXacaot -r Tp@oSg Te'EX-rr6ioevot 7ravsEc0at ol6vpo 7ToXwto010. Kati p' t'7T7rovg tEV 6pvrav Ei orTixag, ix d6' 6,av a-rol, Te~vXEa r''sdveovTro, ra /hv tIcakEhOVTr' 7 yati TJlrtoiov a9Xqi'X6v, o6iyt 6' av &coqp.povpa. 11] Etr-rop 6e 7porTi gor'v (J&w tcpvica -ela7r8nev Kaprradimt~w a6pvag re cpeltv, Hpipat6v 1-E tae' aaot. A trap 1o TaOiv6ztov rrpotet KcpeiWtv'Ayatsvutwv N/ac'.rrt yTaCvpdag Uvat, qj6' &pv',ERExvev OioatEvatl O 6' &p' ovt 7rriOqlo''AyatlZvovt dt6[- - N3G'Iplt 6' aVO''E2svq Xevc avsvw ayyeaXC UXOev, E1idozBEvqI yao6o,'Av.Tyvopidao C6ataprG - Tfv'AvT7.vopi&]g EJX E gpeiWv'EtLucC)v, Aa0i',n'v lIoatactlo BvyQ-rpwv EoIqC dopirinv 1-OOK 11II 51 r'jv " evp' v EvrEyap p* 8~ 6 tE'av iTO6v gDatwvEv, 12h Airraaga 7ropovps'v IrroXag' 6'vg7rauaev ad~,ovq Tp'owv O' i7rroda[,wv ctai'Axat65v Xaboyt-Tt.)VoV~ OiV EvEV EvIEt' n'rauxov rrr' "Apqog 7ra0aljdawv.'Ayxo~v' i' a a'vaw rrpog80) -rro66ag 6cEa Ipl. 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OF (d' aVTt ticara Tre8ve''6vv, tLv'jaav-.o d6 Xaptl,7g.'EvO' ovi; av frpi4ovra L6otW'Ayajutvova 6dov, OV6 itcaarraTr)oov-r', o1'6' o3V 8'0'XovTa la6'eo0(It,'AZXX pala arr8vdowvca udarlv S9 1cvtvelpav. av2 T11rrrov9S fev yap Eaae6 gat' a'p/tar-a xrotucia Xa 6.Ka -roV'g pv &paTrC)V a&7ravevO''Xe vo6towvTaS ikiplpEp6wrV, g9 ll, oXeloaiOV -Ietpaidao' 08 BOOK 1 V. Tr, pducia 6irA' ExETAE 7raptaXE UEv,.rr66TE KV Uv rvia da68 t iccai-rog rroXeag dtamiotpav6iaa' 230 Av. ap o r7e46Tb y Ev rerr&ero ) ara9 ivpa avSp,' Kai p5' oiS IZYv owrOoEVOVTag a ot Aavawv TaXvrr62A(ov Tohl' atdXa &apavvesace 7rapta7-levo'C EV 7ealv''Apyelot,?',roW rt tE0IeoTEs 9oEp6oVp o aIrc. Ob yap &ri p EVE'aaL irarijp ZO ~acE-r' dap6oyod 23h'A,X' o7 rep rp6'epor V7rrXp optcta 6drl1Xoavro, T)v'rljot avorv rTpeva xp6a yirref 6ovTal t'Htelg ahvr' a'U6Xovg -rE piZalg icai virta -Er'Kva WA/OLEtV N Y V1~EacL,, r1lv XTOrliEsOpov- &eWpev. OvartlvaS av EmOtlvra~ M6oC aTvyEPO9 -7TOk IotLO, 24C Tov'g jaXa veciEiea~sco XOi)roatv ~rxeaactv'ApysotL i6loopot, ~SUXETEe, oV vv a6eaOe; T'iAO' o7(Wg EarT67Te iEOrlrr6e~', VIjTE iVE,6pO[; A7r' errEl ov'v kcatmov 7roo9 7red~iotlo va0ovaat,'Ea-rda', ov66' Apa irtg atc gwerai Opeo, y1tyve-rat aX;'i 24b "Q 9V7uf arrlTe rErlrOTE6e Ov', oXE6ae06.'H TUEveiE Tpa9 aX oxebv uXOTev, gvOa 7sE rVEV EtipvTar ev7pvlcvot 7rotr)l Errt O9tvt &aiaCartq, "Obpa rlr', ai' i VftLuv VtrrEpagX xEpa Kpoviov; q OyE itotpavwv EE7 ETrrwCeto rTXaq avdpcsv 250 HXOs d''rrc KP-TESIat, icutv avac ov;Xaitov av6ppv. 0O 6' I du''I6ottev la d6alpova O9opiaaovro''I6ofievegq [LV vt 7rpota XOtl, av't EKce2Og a'iICv, qMrpL6vrlg d' aipa ot rvcraaag T5pvvE cia)ayyag. ToV 6ds 16&v' yIClae v ava &avdpc5v'Ayaptvov, 255 A&7ia 6r' ldo-vzija'' eva pogrlvda peltlXiotatv''I6doetvV, 7repi fEtv asE -rt Aava5v raXverrwcD)v,'H1v Ei} 7r18rTroX8, 46' acu2otpc ~TCi lpyp,'H6d' Ev dai0', 67E rp -,e yepovatcov a'Ootra olvoI''ApyEi6v ol aipLao7OL EvI cprtrq-paC ckpvvrat. 26C E'rrep ycdp r' ai oct ye icapircoylro v-rec'Axatoi BOOK IV. 69 L. trpbv 7rivwoav, aov d8 7TrAeovP d,-raa aleZ Ea-rTX', SJ7Tep E'&i 7rtetv OTSe 8 V ~jtog aivyot A..Z' 6poev rr6xelt6v6' olog rcipos iJXeaL Elvat. T6v 6' aVT''I6lopveve VS, Kpplr-v ay6o', avriov rblda 265 A-rpeldl, pdaa pev T-ot eywv Eptqpogf Eraipof EaopatL, tog rb 7rporov vria-rlv cai Katcarevvevaa A.AX' iAovng o5r7pvvE iaplicjOp6wvTrag'AxaLovfg Obpa TarXtaTa paX/6pueO rr7e aV y' 8'pctc' EXEvav rpe~g Trolctv 6' av i9advarog Ktat Kde' 0ri'aoo 270 EaceTr', vre7t 7rpOTepOt v7rrp Optcta 6&lbjaavro. "Q2'baTr'A rpEidlg 6^ rcap4XE-o yl7jd06vvog i7cip''H E 6' Er' AidvrEact,'L' tav oviCa,uov av6pCv r1 66, gopvoE6cO?1jv, Jjja de vdfog l'7TeTO 1eV4V. 2Qg 6' oT' OT ro' wonFr al6EV VIE"Oog aib6oo avijp 275'EpX6yfvov ga7a 7TOVTOTv v7Or ZEsjpoto lhoq - T; ds -' avevOev e6Ovt pEiavrepOv,' sVTbE 7diaa, atvEr' ibv raTa 7TrOVTOV, ayest 6r E?aticara roaiqv^ Piyri(dev TE o6&Oiv, vror6 Te urroef i aure [ta. rolat a'' AidvT-rotL ztOTprpeov o v air,iov a2 " ENjliov ta r6XOE v 7rvItcvar s~pvvvTo 0V a q'yEg K~vaveat, aEsctiv Te Kai %yyat 7rEptecvlat. Kai -rTOV5 /V yfieaeOev oi v Krpepov'Ayatle vrv, Kai a0eag owvrijac grea TTEp60EvTa 7rpovipda AavTr','Apyd vowv "yr OpE ra,aoax r aov, 2o8b P//i LEV-OV yap EOtlr O. pVVeEEV- OVTL KEa V W~ Avr -ya'p ta'a Xabv avoye IA ov'o pa Oat. Al' yip, Z~V iE -r aTp.at''AwOlvail gcai "A7Toa ov, ToZog 7rauLv i9vtbo'- EVt aTOeOam 7V0tT 70 i Tse ax.' iLcvste t 7ro6Xg IIptayEoto avascroo, 29( SXEpaiv VW' 7,pU.6E7Patv Aovia i-E 7rEp[OeVy 7E. Qgt Ec6)V roVf pLV Xt7TEV avT-ov, p'A de'Er' a;lOov'c'EvO' oye NETrop' EotE, tyivr TIv2CVtov ayopTeZ,-v v' prd po v a)reXovTa catl orpv vov a paXeaOat, 70 BOOKK IVo'Alto! iEgyav lIeadyuvra,'AAdoroed re Xpcelov Te, 29 Alov6d Te IGpegovTa; Btav7rd e, rros tvasSt.'I7rr7riaq giv TppTlra ovv rT7rotltv iat 6gXEbqblv, e6ovg 6&' 467rt0e oGrT7oev, 7ro2EaSg e tai EOo5oug, "Epcog giev aro4oo K caoviO 6' ia oFI'raov.'UaZoa ev,.Opa Kcal ovigc iO8a~wv -rtlg vayi'ca~t 7roSebl;dot. 300'IT7rrevav 1tv rlTrpBTr' ETwrTEsTO' - ogV yap &av6yEt ldoV5 77rrovg q 6X~ZSV, pqld tYorEaE6Oat 6Otb) MRj?7jd rLtg, L7rrooVV,! TE tcai qvopi~qt 7r8erotOg, O~og Srrp6oO' 6aX(iv JebldTro Tp6eooat dyEXsuOat, Mr/6' avaXwpeiIr-& a&arradvorepoo y2ap GaeaOe. 30 ) ~Og ds t a' 6vip Vrrob v oXEWv irep' JppaO' Z'ra, "EyXeLt pe4adOw* ~''rrel 3''o3V q`p-7rpov oVTrog. Q6es Ka oi 7rp6lrepot rrtaoXitag icat -res' rr6pOeov T6v,4e vov Kal Ovtbov Ev agTrOeaLotV 8XovVreq. "Q2 6 y~p&ov $vTpuve rrdlat 7ro2#xoWv ev ei6&3g. 310 Kai -rv pev y7Oeqaev 16idv tpetwv'AyaFttevwv, Kal iLv Obwvf'oaag e7rea rrTeOOevTa 7rpogvgda' Q2.yupov, el0', bgq Ovjbg Sv arGTeoact 0i0otoatv, Q2S TOt yovUvaO' EolTro, t'l 6~ -rot bt7redog e'r~lq AXZ ase yi7paqg'epet 6Ltoitov'l (Otg 0~Aev Trl 315'Avs6ptv 0a22og eXeLv, av O6 ICovpor6poiot tLeretvat. Tbv 6' LEti6rT' TerrtTra replvtog i7wrrrroi-a NE'arwp ArPE[dqr, [itaa [ie~v tcev sytbiv iOotqIL ctait aVT3rb fQg ~tLev, g O3Tre 6dLov'EpevOcairova lcarTlrctav.'AX.X' o'r76s' [aja ravrava ol d6aactv avOpW$irotaOv''320 El r6re Icoipo ea, vivv aVr7 bze yqpag'rrd'ezt.'AXXaa Icati ~g 17rrresot ETe-r0iaoltac, q6d KtCe1eVa& Bov2I mcat Ut0iotat' rTO yap Tgpag Sori' yTep6vrov. Ai'Xa1u 6' alxttaacuovat veoTrePoO, OZ 7rep ef8to OrrXdirepot yeydaact, rrerroitOactv TE fPI0Ilttv. 3.2 "Q2q g arT-'A-rpeilqg 6d rrap CXEro YrTO6Veo0g C1io Ei:p' viov IlErrvao, MevevOia 7rXilrr7rov, dUOo 1 v. it'Eo-ra67 cA d6' AOvai'ot, LriTpe avi)rijS AirTp O rr2iov, aoricet rro.ZTLrtq'Odvaae5Cf'g ip 6E Ke0pakirvwv at@bo oTrIEf OEig JUarradvai 330 "Ear'acav' ov yap r:r a56tv &aoL7ero aoc ii)rr7l~,'A2td veov cvvoptv6olLvat tcivvv-ro /6,ayye~ Tpewov O' trrroda z6v ical'Axat6tv oi 6R [tIvovrEq'Eoaaaav, 6oTrore rrnpyog'Axautv [iXog wEXreXO&v Tp&)6wv ounacee, Kcat aptLzav 7ro02loto. 335'ro' 6& icd&v VCeicsaoev ava a!vdp5pv'AyatEpmvwv, Ka[i areaq Opwvuaa Sreea 7rrepo6eva rrpoqpvoJa''Q vie lTE7-&Zo, Atorpecbiog~ 3aatXCo0, Kac uiV, icamooat dO6xoto,,ecao[ve, ICepd6a)e6qpov, Ti7rrE /caTavrr-C$aaovreq78 a-iTaTe, tiE[vZrE8 &6' Diovg; 340 106~h, [u v "' iTTrrOtIUC [eSTa rp&)JOLtr0tv o6vTra'Eordi-ev, 16s6 ala, 79g tcavr-ertp1j avrtt6oZluat fTp(oJ-r yvap Icai dat-rbg c&KcovdacuOov.4teio,'O7r7r6oE Saia ygpovutv lborr~iciOtrlev'AXatoi. ~'EPOa 02 i' lrrTraua icpsa a Ijtevat; 7'1j6 iv7rer2,a 345 OLvov 7rtv'evat u0eA2t6gorf, 650p' EOd2roTv' NIv &6' 0togw X' OpC6Te,,at' et dKlca rivpyot'AXat63v'T[eigv 7rporrdpotOe vaxoiaro t va vi?' xa8 c,. Tov 6' aip' vir6o'pa il&)v 7rpoqg~ 7rokvl4zl t 8'0 O86va'ai'Arpeldrl, rroi6v os 87ro' Ovyev epicog 566vrwV; 350 IIN g 64?l 0q rroXSlolto AeOtlteEv; —b7r76r''Axatol Tpwatv SWb' irrod6a4otalv lyetpoLev 05Vv wApra, TOibat, nv ieS'laOna, mai al rev -rot -,C pqq47Xj, T12,ttdXq1 oto 6b0tov 7raT-rpa 7rpofaxotCt lUlyEvra Tp6 0ov iwro6d4aov' o 66' -rav-r' aivepXCtta PaEtn. 3.55 Tbv 6' rtytE6jdaag irpogcsI7 lcpeitov'Ayal/jiP6ov, 12~ yv7't Xwo lvoo' rratv 6' y7E';, ro [ Iv0cv' AtoyevsF AaepTd<, 7ro0vxItXav''06vaceb, OVT8 E 1 VEISCES& 7reptLctOV, OVTE' /cE2EV6. Olda yap, f -rot t9vliq ivZ a-rT8Ocaa, pltottv 360'iJ7rta 6'vea ol&e' -ra rTap fpovmetc, lar' Ey& TErp. BOOK IV.'A' Wel, TaTrca c''OarrLOev aoesa6f.eO', E Tlt icacv vitv E'prl at 7-i a e iradvra 1deot uE7rac iJvta ldEev.. "29S er&yv?oOv'f yev Xreiv aivroiv, 3i de' pET' AXXovS.!lype d' Tvdeo5 vi6v, ire'pOvlov Atcojt6dea, 361 gEo'-a67' gv,9' ZVrr@rrotlut ica ap plmat Kcoucip7Octv' IIp 68 ol.-o7i;eCt 2OveS2o0, Karravrio0 V1i6g. Kiat TbYv pev vier~teEav 1idv icpe&oV'Ayalz6EMvwv, Kai yuv /woviiaag grrea 7r-rp6evTa,rpoqvJda Q2 jot, Tvdc.Si vh~ datCpovog, irrrodatoto,, 371' Tri 7Troaael, il- d' or.,-rrTevetg roAejoto yseobvpag; Obv uev Tvi' b 7Ce 2 (8 ov wrwrX tca~gyev 4iev,'A i.a 7roXv 7rpob i~wov -cadpov dtiotac pdi'eaOat''Qs:daav oZ lLtV W6ovTo 7roVEV'tzEvov' oV ycip kywyE:Hv,-ao', ob68 loov* -rrep d' aXXw)v Oaal yevaOat. 375'Hr0ot ~tiv yap aT'ep 7ro2tltov esitWlOe Mvitcvaq.Eivo05 a5' avrtco8 HIo2vvegtEc' 2abv dyesipcv. Ot pa ro6" ea-par-orwvO' iepa rrpo 7 Ei-Xea 6:i;S,, Kai pa pdCXa /Jaaovro V OtSV icXSETOV'g EL7rtKuoVpovq. 0[ 6' 1'6e2eov do6evat, Icai trrveov 65 Etdgevov 380'AJUai Zegi~ 1Erpebe, 7rapaiaoa onftia-a qaivwv. 01 6' eTret oUv?%XovTo, 16' 7rpO 660oi Eyvovro.'AaTrorv d' bZov-ro faOivaXotvov, eXErroi'nv, "EvO' acvi' ayyey7tiv erri Tvcl~ aireXav'AXatoi. AvKTap O6 fj, roteaq 68 KtLx7xaro Ka6peiovaf 3 Fh aatvvgCuvovg iarad d&Sa Pi?3'ETreoiAe~ily. 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BROOK VI, 1ll tI() (5 3y'tV1 p Tpoiov iTret 7t aro, od' "AvrTEa, 16C Kopv7rradt'Sqa Otr mr1?t tyT7yjevat * a6a rbO ovirt tErO' ayaOa qpovgovra, datQpova Be)espoobov-rv.'H d v bevcactEvyr IHpoT-rov Oa3trZa 7rporScda TeOvairi, IlpoYr', q altciave BeZUepooOiV7jl'V, Oq I' Me~ev qVt)~67rTL t t1YjL1Z'at, OVy ~uOe ZmStrv. 10a "i2g JaiTro' - bOV s aivacrca X6oS Xda6sv, olov aiiovav v' Kirivat revy p' aXeLtvE, e66aacaro yap -ro6ye O9vtu,, WTqee d6 titv Avct'irvdE, 7r6pev 6' yie oGica-Ta Xvypi, Ppd"baq k8v 7rivact irrvTIvTCr 9vtoq0O6pa iroila' Ae7sat 6' 9'pwbyetv ~ 7rEvOsp'3, 7r2, 17p'060o. 1 AGr$Cp 6 /1 Avic7Uljve -E&v pi5r' &~Op ovt a ro r170'AX2' 6rsE 6! 1Avg1'?v l%,,avOov'e fpeovra, _fpoopoviw Lttv -T-ev z avag Avpi[Sj E'VpE"j0.'E'vvltap g~vtaae, icat.vvea /3oi' lpE~pevaev-'AX;' 6-ire d'1 8Egcary1 adbvyr P'ododatCruvoq'H6, 1721 Kat i-rO6 flV pt eVPE, tvca qivt cTE? ldla eldaOat, O rO t Tpa ot yatt6polo rrapa Ilpoiroto 0p/potro. Avraip 8Errseut agttca icaKcO6v rapEs'a-ro yacb6poVi, Ip(r-ov bEIv p5a Xtcatpav Uaatluwa-rrv EIMEe vev Helviev — ii 6' -ap' grlv OEseov yuivoq, o66d' vOp rr&vO' 180 ITp6Oe'- X&ov, b7GrtOev 6d 6pC'6cv, [t61a 6d XiCatpa AFtvbv dTronrvseovaa 7i-vpob tevog alOotE-votoKall?)v -pv'say-reepvEe v9e6v Tepieat wto.q/aaq. AEmvrepov av ol2mototort fa/XoEarTo cv6cat4otottv' KapT-icrrlv 6) i-rvyse LcaXlv OdTo 6bktvat avdpt6v. 185 Tb -ptrTov avi Ka7-aTrrevEv'Aja;6vag vai-eavipa9. T) 6' ap' aveppXoyev6 rrvictvbv 6doov 3Ztiov v~bati,ev KpivaS9 Ei Avsg dsT pepetl'q I3rag "apt"iov Eioas.6Xov i roi' OVTI 6 r'oLt Oittv o6ve vEovO'v Ua'vrag yap gaTir7recv8V ajtvpL(V BEXe~poO&6vm7T I Or AAX' T7e 6)1 yiyviCa6KE &O5 Ty6vov?V)iv 6-rVTa, AVO7o ttLv caripvwe, 6idov d' o'ye Svyar-pa jvf A(1cE 68 O TLL v q faot7lt09'dog7'fLLJov r-earlgS 112 t ooI V 1. Kat YI' vi ul AVot r6l'evogo cFtov, ~oxov xR2twv, Ka2dv, Ov'raXth q Kai apoipyg, &opa vi0Tovro..195'H 6' -reKes -pia T-cva dal'povt Be2;epoO6v7,Q,'Iuavdp6v -re mai'17rr62oXov eca; AaodauEtavAaodaleqiQ [l'v 7rapeh~a-ro lyrlesria ZeV''II d' -reic' avriOeov.,ap7rc166va xaZoxopvaTqv-'AZ' OrTE 6qji mcal cEvog airxir0To 7rjat e80otLV, 200'Hrot 6 Err tweiov Ti'Ari'ov olof &{ito, "Ov OVlvOv tacretwv, rarrov avOp6rrnv aReeivoWv.'Iaavdpov de ol vibv "Aplg aTrog 7TOeuoto Mapv6a'Evov 2oX0voctat ica-,EIrave icvda2t[eoLatv' Tiqv 6e XO1,euaelqW v XPVaVtog ".ALPTEtg i'bcTa. 20(W.'IXrrrooog 4' t' Te`b i'rlucTe, hat i C TOV olqtt YTv7EOai' 1111re 6de t' ig Tpobiv, tai[ oc tida r7r625' 9rrres'?e&v, Alv qdpTErVetLv iat V7irt/epoXov LqzemvaCt 6&lwv, MIik yTvog~ rraT-pov aliavvtLeV, oC [tEy' apta7C.r WEv''Eobvipq ElyevoVro eat ~v Avtei[ Epe~lj. 210) TaVT'qg 7-rot eveq e Kcat~ a'faroS eixotatL ealvat. "OS ai'ro 7y7/IOQTV de p0ov ayaeO6' Atoucq. vEyXogS (ElV KaTrerrn7rleV rrt %Oovti rov2v6oretip', A vrap 6 EjaXtyiotat Trpoqrvda wrotLtl a a4jv - H p 5 vv ot evog 7ra-rp'i6og oact rraat6o' 215 OivesV yTap rorTE d6io apvlalova BEtXepo056vT27v st vLa EViElaeypotatLv eit eOotv gaT' ypvSaqOi d6 ai gcat d2nota't 7r6pov eLtvjia icaXci. Oilvvevig lV'oa-rlpa di1ov ~otCvtltc racev6v, BeZXaepo6ovwri7 6d XPVUS~aeov'r4rag c&EIcrr2e Zov 220 Kat lLtV Tyw gcaTrE7rtwov &hv Ev 64&lao' laOltov. Tv4ea 6' ob EtlevniiLaL sre tL' e'rt TV-T0ObV lo6vTa Kda2At', 6ir' Ev 0'6wlzatv drr&iTeo?0aobq'AAat6cv. Tv viv aot pSv Ey46) 5evog b[2og "Apyei' pEaou Eivi, a' 8 v AvKtci, gTE KteV,&v 45lliov IcWC~laL. 256'Eyxea 6' a&.iXZtv a9XedCL3eOa teal dt' oliDov. Uo2Aoi Ptsv ydp -tot Tpek aEtT Oi T'?'7TIKOVDOL Kr7eiv6tv S' E iec9'S 76e 7r6O(l cai -irooati itXeC ( IoZwoil 6' av aot'Axatoi Evatpeev or ie 6dvvat TeVXEa 6' &X4otI' -rraCei&botmev' -o&pa cal ot6e 23C Prvcatv, T-rt,eivot 7ra-rpJi'ot ezoiVlcO' elvat. 2 i2' [pa p ov hiavre, tiaO''7rrirov ctuavre, Xeipda' -"' caZwUv ia6oiTnv, ical TlorTacvTo.'EvO' avri-e r'avicp Kpovid7g Spevag 4XeTro ZeVCS, "0'rrp6q Tvde~idrv Atol7j6ea TeVXe' alpstEev, 235 Xpvaea xartesio)v, Eicar6oyot' kVVea6oit)V. "Etrrop 6' cOg licatai Tse nrrtag IKatl 0?yyov y cKavev,'AAfi' dtpa [tv TpwCov aiooxcGI lov qi'o Ov'ya-rpec Elp6pevaLt racidd'e, Kcaawyv-.rovg T-e erag re, Ka 7rro6aca' 6 6' srreira eotg V eX&OeaOat avycy t 240 iHadag eEily*' 7ro2ULat 6 E1c16e' ~Oijrro.'AAAX' 57re 67I IlptOLO do 661tOV repta2UEl' ticavev,,ea-Tg alo&Sat T -ervylEtvov-aVlrap sv ai'7bIIEVTc7KOVT' eveoav xi9daljot es5Tr0oo AiOoto, IIZrtaiot da)UqXov 6e61,7Eqtvo0. g'vOa 68 7raide 24f Kotli&ovw-o Hptaipoto 7rap8a MLGvTlO a2oxotctv. Kovpa6wv 6' rTp&sOev Evavi-tot etvdo0ev aNit.6tetd' caav r'yTeot DOdXapot Ei Saroto dOoto, HIlyaiot 0alqrov 6e6dts voul vOa' vOa 6 yTal6pot Koqtcv'io HIlptr[oto 7rap' aido[it a6/Xocatv- 2,C6'tEvOa oi r'7rto66wpoq Evavr[t1 1'ALvOe tT71p Aaod6tclv qadyovaa, 23vya-rpiv Eldo- acpia-rlv'Ev T" apa ol OiV XEtp[, 6rog -' 8dpar', T bc r' 6a ovopav, TEKvov, rtriTTE Z?trc6v 7rOcie,UOV paavv etsXj7lovOaq;'H rcida d6 -'elpovaL cr6dV pv O v7eq'Axatc v 25S Mapv6aevo ryept airv;s ad' svOade 9v8. bg 6vSqev'EMOv-r' E5 aKpqS rro~toS Al6 xeypag avacXetv.'Ai2 yemv', bo6pa E -rot -o ueXtyL1a O10vov ESVECIt6,'J12C awne id A6 rrai-pi,cai 6aocg 6Oavdro-atv UIp&irov, rretvra d6 Ic' ai-6VT0 Ovqaeat, al ICe ra,1Oa. 25 K 2 114,a ( i:) v i. A v(pi & Kcq. Iqtrt [t-og [ly'a oivoc Elt, a2f rTVVl teclltcaf 6apvvov UtoItv e6rqctv. UTiv 6'.(LE[6eT' eT7, EtTa Ltyaf lcopvOato)oE "Elfc7wp MN ( ot oiov E t8tps leZi~pova, vrorrvLa ttE9, MI lx''rrovzt6a i9, g dvso9 8' a0tlc*.-E RaOow at. 265 XepaG 6''avl-rm-ottv Adl Eiet6Ev a'Oo7ra olvov'Aroitatc o6ds O IV I loitt icesatvE'i Kpovitov At'la-rt ical XA5V0p r-erra2ayFuEvov vXETerdaaOat.'AR6d' oaiv piv 7rpbg vlbv'AOrlva17g dye8XEteirg "EpXeo gvv Ovgeuotv JocZ[ouaaa }YpataQ' 270 I~lrRiov d', gOtf ro0t Xapt a lraT'o'E (15 [ecyTaro "EaTCV ~Vl [teyapwC, Kat Trot TroZV /ixLraLof avTq,'rv O&g'AOnvabl- 7rl yoivvaalv iit6VOoto, Kai oc vr7roaxEoOat dvozaigde.a 3oiovf vt' v??~ 1Hvtg, c1 r-a9 Iepeva~[MEv, al K' 2eiaEj] 27b Aorv T~ tai Tp&wo.v X65Xovg Kai vi'7Tta Trmrva, At' cev Tvdsog vlb'v acn6o-,'IXiov iprlq, "Ayptov alX'(l7TV, Kcpacrepov 7ar1t)pa 566oto.'AX6c~ ai 6EV r7p6O VbOV'A0.'va'lqg dye4e[lyf "EpXev' y 6 RI. dptv (tA[tere2e&vaoFtat, o53pa icabV.ato(, 280 Al K' E lOgTa'8 7Tr6v0rog aovpttev. "Q2S te ol aviOt Fraa Xa'vot' t ya yip itv'OXl,'trort9 ~rp Epe rr797a rpowl Te matC Ilpt4a' ieryairropt TroZ6 re 7ratciv. El stelv6v yIe 8otLt KcaTeX06V' "Ai'dog Lato, 4aitV Kz tE pev' Trp7,-roV t'oV0, 8',,e,2LacO6Oat 28L "fSi laO''' 6i~ floovaUa 7OTl [tjyap' aittoLtr6ototv KeI'cSero. ra' 6' ap' 6olUtaaav Kcarta aTov yepatac. X.rkri 6' ig vXap.ov raT8E6qe78To tKnWVeTa,'EvO' gaiv ol 7rrrXot TratroitcKtOt, l'pya yvvalttc, 2dtoviwv, irq- arbqg'A)Reavdpog 98oeLt6i 2911 5Hyays YLtovil0Ov'7rtrL7Tg 8i'pEpa r6vTov, Tiv 6c6v, )v'EX.vr7v 7riEp. avjy1ayv evbraTrpetav. T&v ev &t aepaLv7a'ETca6fq ~Spe &6pov'AOirv,, -'O K l1Zto: pf'c7av rtOt[l-l(Laotv i6I 8l psytaT0r, BOOK VI. 115'Aa' ip )' iO ad7) alt7reV' ~et7O 6O' Eia7TOq iXwv. 295 iPI 68' Ivat, 7oXXai 6& [8ETE6EO80VTO /8epatai. Ai 6' diTE 7vrOv icSavov'AOqvwg 8v rr6Xit aiGcp,.Tfft t9ipaS ciSe O8eavC IcaXt0rdpo70qo, Ktoaa1'q, aUoXoo'AvTijvopog ioTro6daoto to rov yap Tpoesq 0Oi7cav'AOqvairS ispestav. 300' At 6' X.oRvyf, rradoat'AOjvqj XeLpaS avoXov.'-1'6' apa rre7r2ov 2)ovTaa Oeav& xaXuXtcrrapzog O7scev'AOq7va[tq' 6Trr yoiVvatv i'bc6bjtoto' EigXoitLv pI 6''/pfaTO ALtbo oVpy Fe X0)0aoto' HO7rvLt'AO1Varai7, epvuoiroRt, d6a Ec9iwv, 360, "Ao 1 6i'YXyog Atof6eo9, 6i tec cait a3rbv HlIpjvEa 6g 7reoTrev IZtatCov,T-poTrapotOe 7rv2dwv "Opa rot aVi-ricta viv dvotai6s-la 3o3qg EhV v7rl Hv t9, 1'cgo-raa9 iepEVaobtev, aZ It' 8E2E.8Io1 Aor-v 7-r Itai Tp&'owv aX6XovS icai virrtla ricva. 310 "S2 gbaT' r6Xottv a6 vveve e lla;Xc;a'AO~.j~. 2q at 1tzv p' evSxo-Io AtbLf oVp1 wEya6Uioto' TEiir-'p 6 Trpog dLjCa-r''A2ue:dvdpoto e6,icet, KaX6, ri p' airnb 87ev~e aiv vdpcpratv, O-'r6' aptali'o'Haav kvt Tpo[it tpt6&oXaict tcrovesq &vpea * 31S O' otl ~roblaav ai6Xabtov xai 6SCtLa ital airq'jv'EyyvOt r8e lpttldtoto irat "ETcroposq 8v ro6eLt acpq.'EvO' "ErwTp elqgXO8 Att 0iXoq' v' pa xetpt wEyog El' ev6eic6;Tr v rapot0e d~ X6[ETrreo dovpbq AiXUlt aXidei[71, mrepl 6d Xp'oE eoq OE ir6pitC7n. 320 Tbv d' ebp' Ev 6acdTp r7eptIca2la,e rxe'-' 7rovTa,'Aoa.riSa tai at 3pltza icai 6dyciSia r6:' a06wovra.'Apyi1 6d''EX2,vq1 pFE7' Jpa 6twjqat Tyvvata v Ha-Tro, Ecat a6tir6Xotatl 7ErpLt0VTar 8'pya tcXeve v. Tbv 6' "EMr76p v6E[taaeVE Z166v aloxpoig 7rrEsatv' 32i Aalut6vt', ov lt8v taX&a X6ovV r6' vo Ev0o 9vuI. Awo y8`v bOtvO00ovat rrep Trr6L'tv at7r TE I E-X0q 1 16 B K vi. McapvaZvot' o o 6' e'rvec' iavr7 ire rrr62EOt6' rE "AiTVv -r6' a'lt66drle 3 6'' v taXo&eato icat aZlc, "OVrtLVd TOV 86TEOTvlra i8ot a o'-vyepoi roZloto' 33C'AXX' ava, al) raXxa aurTv 7rvpOb 6rltoo 9epratL. Tbv 6' aV-'e rpoE&t;rr.ev'AX~avdpoS ieoeot6dj' EtiTOo, rre[ bte imar' aouav eveicouag, ov6' &v7rzp ataav, ToVveaTd -rot 6p' p a 6 oiVvOeo, gat' jev 6acovuov. OiTot E~yd Tpjwv -oucov X602 ou 6 veaEu 33 "Hjyv 8v O9aXaplp, sOe2-ov 6S' 6Xei rrporpa rraOat. Nvv d6 bte rrapetrovao' aiXoo oguaiaxaSco'T E'reaact:'Qpzlnoc' 4q -r6Xebov 6o/cEgt 6& ptot d6 escai avr-i.&Axiov oeeaicOat- vltKc1 6' 17ralte6teTat Av6pag. A2R)' ays vivv trrltetvov,'Apr-Za resXEa d6v' 340 "H gO', t y0T d6e 1E8Et' ttu KXaEaOat 6e ao' O W. "q2g dro' rOv 6' OV7t rpoe'641 copvOal oXoS "'ETc-rwp. Tbv 6''ErvYl V0otat 7rpoqvp6a sE1,tXt'tottv QAep zeflo, tIvvoS Iagco7%XaLvov, O6cpvo8ocano, %2g pt to&0' e r' yat -rC, OT~re iE 7TrpTrov r/ce tlF T rp, 345 0'XeoOat rrpoo~povaa icacn JVEgloto 5&veu2Ja Elf opog, 2)7 Etlf itpLa rro7vqxZoiboto 9a6iooa7g'EvOa tse tiL' aTrr6OpoeP, Trrapog -a-de pya Tevgoeat. Avwap Erei raSe y' 6e gSeoti tata, 7-tEqpav-7o,'AvdpoS 8er-tr' c54e2X2ov atlevvovof elvat aot-rit, 350 "OfS 6rI vEIeloiv -E cai atoXea r6oX' avOp&7rwv. Toirpo 6' ov7r' ap viv ip5vEs eiTrre6dol, ovT' ap' 6rrdaoao "Eoaovrat - -'j /tai lttv E7ravpqjasoOat 61w. ~A2,2' ae vvv ecl ~eJe, taC gs'eo rC6':,rlX diqopw, a.ep, ~rre ~ oe p)tt(Lara rr6vo2 OppEvag9 1tf6E6Lq1fev 35.5 EVvetc' sielo cvvo Imcat'A24ev6pov Egvec' arg' Oitiv ~71 ZeiS' 19xSe gcaobv y6opov, &d Iat l riacow'AvOporrotort 7reX6pIzeO' Jo~6tqtot cuoo gvotortv. Tlv 6' jLftEi6ET' -r`Tera ly7ag gIopvOalioXo9 "EICTwp. M I7e te dOtG', "Ekvrl,'OtP'ovod,rep' ov6&' bEe 7EiCoetg 360 B O o K V 1. 117 "liTd? yap iot ovjbo' Er7rsavrTaL, 6a p' rralvvwO Tpdi(g', o EEy' Eo 70rol0v daSTvrog EXovtlv'A)ad ov5y' 5pvvOt TroiTOV, irueyI aO 6~ tiac avr6, "i2,e-v 1't' "'v7-aOiev 7rOt o9 KcaTaadcp', 8E6vrTa. Kal yap EyIwv obo6v6' Xeisevaoltat, &o/pa otat~ 365 Otlgiag, aox6v TSe il2Alv cait vr7rtov vt6v. OV yap T-' otl6, e~l ErT atlV rr6Trpo'ro9 lZottat avrnT', fI' 67 ) I XEpLA /y Eoi 6ap6Owatv'AXatLv. "'Q2 apa Swvrvjaag ae'g6q7 copvOacokog9 "Etc)ro)p. Alb a d''7retO''leave d66jovq evvateraovTag, 370 Ovi6' ep''Avdpo[laX71v SXeveCuevov 6v teyaipotatv'AXA' 7yse ~v rratdi tcati aiul/otJr6) ELv77rrrXrp!76pyp 4Seurv7cet yoo6oa' 7e ftvpoyv' T8Ee. "Eit'-oP 6p' WS oi0 i8vdov avLtovac, T8-7t8V ctCOLtTtv, "E,arT rr' oi7 bv 16v, (Erwi 6g 6ozw&Latv EELrTr7ieev Et 6' aTE [Iot, d6towai, v'lftep7ea ftv'oaaotg llO. E&l7'Av6poaci6dxyl?evxoW2evog euc leyapoto;'HE rfw E/ ya6ro'v, elivamrpov ceb7rTrr7v o, "H eg'AOrwvaing e8oitxei-a, evOa rrep /22atL Tpwai Evirr26lcajtov 6eitviv 9Oebv iXDaicovrat; 380 Tbv d6' avr' OTprlpp -aaptlj rpoB p3Oov letv rrce "ECTrop, ErcEt tdX' Jvroyaf' XijOea MlvOjaoOat OVTE - rV irq yarovw, OVr' eivaT-rpoWV Evi-7r-OZWV, OVrT' S'A0jvaiglg Eoixe-Tat, ~vOa -rep 622atG Tpoal e'iWrr6taptov 6etvi)v i9Ebv icdaGov-Tat 385'AXX' kErrl irirpyov 86tl yEyav'IUiov, ovevc' axovaev Tedpe6aat Tpcoag, peya 6d Kcpa'ro' eivat'Axatiov.'H EtEv d6 rrpOb reXog E7rretyofE0vrv ducaKvect, MatvojEvj 8cKvta -c fpei 6' pa.i-raida Ti-ivy.''l pa yvvii raui1l o' 6' arre7avro 6c&' )a7io "EKc7)p, 39(1 Tqv avrv 6byv avrttg EVicrtlvaf ea"' dyvLtd. Evre i0i- ag plGav dte6peyEo6vof psya arTV Xxatai —-T yTap e2eX) &etipevact -rEdloved 113. B OO K V.' "Evi' ai/,oXoc 7o',~vwpoq evavTi71've9 9Novoa,'AvdpoOciurX, 9vy,-i7p E/ya2?jtopog'HETLGVOs g- 395'H1ErT6oV, S EvatCv V7tO lIimcw Vs 2G117, Oi6rj'TroTr2ractd, KltXbce-a' lav3peoatv a&vdCaa rTovrep 6i1 9vy67Tp EXEO' "EKTiopt %aX0KcoKpvu-rqj. "II ot E7E6tT' 9V1-y(Y', a/ta 6' a.FVtt02rouog Kiev avTi,:faeT' Srld tO17r( 8%Xova' tracatfpova, virtoiv ai~rro, 400'Etccopuiv ayaTrqTrov, aXtyictov aCTrept ica., - ro6v rp' "Erto-p caZesasce ElcapLavdptov, avrap o1 OAXor'AoTrvdvar"l' * ooS yap EpV8ro "IsUov "EicTp. -iLrot O 6 pEv Fme6dlaezev 6v E1 7ral6a altrr''AvdpodXr 61 dOl ao yXt prapi7a7-o dappvaXovaa, 40O "Ev r' apa ol 0S9 xetp[, Erof T' EOaT r'5 ov6[Lam'v Aatfavtv, rpOiaet a~' o aOv Eavoe' oVd' E.'EaapEte iaLada ~-s vwrZtaxov Pat q' apopov, q -axa X7P7r e6v'[aotat' rTaXa yap (7e cara7cavEovatv'Axalto Civrer ie'oplOvre'g *oi 6tl Ice tpdbtov ei' rl 4..0 ZeO aoaLIapIrovoi XOva 6dvLeva- ov' yo p rT' O6;X'Eorat Oaarrtwpi,.7e Cv avye w776-fov eb rTCf7rS,'AkX' aixe' —oV6' oi[ to t rTar7 p icai wm6rv7 a./. r v p.'IIrot yap wa-rep' aobiv a&rraverave 6lo'AXL " X V,'Eic 6 7r12,tav Vz/pu ev KKCicwv Evvaterdweav, 41bt Oj36rlv VtbvXov icaTar 6' -ic-avev'I-Iertova, 01v6I FlLv evapctge' oe-dxiaa-ro Tap yo r6ye Ovtt'A2X' a[pa l[tV IaCvcTEcIe aVv EVTEOt datdaXlotCtv,'Hd' mrT ett' ~XEEev ~ rrepL 68 Tr1e2a9 Ea TEVvav Nfoat &peopatad6eg, go3patc Atob ayto6Xoco. 420 O 6& [tot 1irrd ITCacTyvl-rot E'aa; Elv EteyapoLtav, l0 pELv raCv-rEfE l0 Cilov pa-t "Ai'do Y eas' HaIv-raf yap icaTErrepve rroddcipri dlor'AXLZtiEg Bovatv wr' ellUrr7O66dea Icai apyeYvv. do"ELatv. MgrlTpa 8', ) f 2aat2levev rr7 II7dtco yVrl86ray, Triv errei lap deip''yay' a' aU''cctt tC86E eaatv mA4 bys 27V a7re/v(8 X2,a66w cepeu a7rotva BOOK VI. 119 tELrpp6 6' Sv fEy' potat 13X' "ApeiutS iotxtatpa. Ectrop, araD po jLoi eCuc.,racmilp mcai rr6rvta yr8-lqp'H68 lcagl'vrlJTo, aV d(e lOtt 90cUr epbO( aparotT'rlg. 430 AXX' aye vvv eQeatpe, a? atCVTOV [4a[Wv' EXr.i 7nrpy6C, M 6r 7ar6' opcavtKoiv &94gw, xqjprv -~e yvvaia' Aai'v 6d GTYloOV Trap' EpLve6v,'vOa jUfttaia A,6ar69 T Ecr't i62argc, cal ~Tridpofov 7rrTe-ro T-reXOC. 1'pg yyap.-y' k9ZO6vr *v Su7etpijapavO' ot apptro, 435'A4t6' AMavTe dv6o tai cayaKci vTov'IdoiFLv)7,'1d6' a&j''A-rps[6aS tcaC Tv6EdoS O2XctEov vi6v' "H iroVt qg oGOv' fvto6Ire 9Sorpor7btov sV EV 6ch&3,'H vv Kal av&rTv 9v&Fbf 7prro 9vi' aELa a'vmyeL. T'v 6' avire irpoSeLres ptyag copvOaicoXo9 "E-rop' 440'II Kcai euo Ta-ide cavt-'a fie'et, yTSivat 6' Y, ri aivk' Alde6oat Tp6ag icai TpcoadaS XiZceo7T6wrr7XovS', All tce, IcaKcC''S, v6a/qtv IvacLirCao 6roZetoto' ov-0b6k Be 9vf9lo afvOyev, fe'e? paCOov [tts&vatL OXcOAf AlECt, cal rp3ootlat jIErdi Tpcwuayt tdlXEaOat, 445'ApvvSltsvog Tra-,p69 e Laeya Kc/eo9'6d' E'tOv ar'roV. Ev yap Ey 7-T6E olda Kcara OQpsva xcali ica-r- Vvp6v' h'EaaeTat'c ap, bir' av i7or' 6X6Xq "JItog9 ip~ Kai IIpiaLofg Kcat Xao69 V l pEc o lIplaoto. AXX' o-V pot Tp6w)v -r6uov lje2,e Jk-yog Orriaawo, 450 OVT' aVri g'Ecad6rg, OVTE IlptLapoo aZvaTc'og, 0VTrs KiatLyvjrov, oC iCEV TrOACE TSe Kcai EcO2o`'Ev Kovtlqot uraotev vi.T' YavpdpaoL (dvevCea6ovl'Oooov oev, OT~S KCv Tc't'AXZaV Xa2tcOzxTit0VWv haKcpv6eacav ayryipat esvs0epov ptyap ca7rovpag 4, b Kat ce v Ev "Ap-yEL sovaa 7rpog a[iXrlq_[o-rv vf4a[vot Kat icv {Sop fopotMS MEsuooqtYog'T7E-peiC, 1I6XX' acEcaBob2r), Icpaepi d6'' rttcuteir' avaTCyrj Kai 7OT7e' -ti deL7rLctV t&v,ca-ra 6dlapv XEOVaa' -'EtO7pog!j(' yvv/)2, 0f aptT'EVsEsc 1tqIXsCOaL 6 l'()2'v i77ro6daylcov, OUe'"!toA awUE,1ltbXoyv7o. 12 0 B aBOOK V I. %2c 7oT7'' -tq -l,' ot 6d' a' v'nv IErat;tToq XTei' r-oJud16' 6v6pdq Satvvetv d6o3Zov qltap.'AUae Is Ep Ovqir-a XvTn7 Cara yara lKaZX~Vrrot, ffpipv ve i-t oi zE Pt3o71 O09 9 EiS'Ic1[tolO 7osrv0c0a. i66 "Q2 eTrWv ov rat6dogq psaaro qai6LttoS'Egi-r&p. "A.~, 6' 6 7rd'ag 7rpog 162u7rov Vi)'&;voto -tOijv'EicXzvOj1 aXo6)v, 7ra-rpc 01tov OCbtv 7rVXOs8t, Tap 6oag xaXctzcv re, i6E Xd6ov ~irvztoXa~'ilrv Ametorv a& altcpoTaT1dq tKcOpvOo veivovTa voqoag' 470 Ei (d' EyElaaase 7ra-r'p e 2itoS Icag ar6 rvta U p. A3V tle' a7rb icparo6 Ec6pv0' EaETO OaidttLoS "EErwp, Ka'i r1iv ev IaT-eOtceve 87ri XOorv r 7raavo6wcav' AivT6p O(y' Ov ktov vlobv bredi VcSe, 7rle *E Xepuat, E+rSv 8 Ey Ev~djzevo Ad T' aUXotoiv - E'OoL9tV' 475 ZeDi, a2o2t Te-rE eoi, 667e 6l 76ai TOV6e yevouat Ia26' z6v, gSq iaC E~y&$ wep, aptvrpeea Tp&EUSotv, W2E 3PiV T-' &yaOov gai'IDiov'ltt &vaaooeLt (al 7roT -r ETt9 qut —7-aTpo9 y"' MsE 0o26v aELetvw)v'Eic 7roZEpov avt6vTa' 0gpot 6' Evapa 3po-r6Ev-ra 48C K-rdeva 6(di'iov avdpa, Xaapei[ 6de (p',a tlJ1-qp. "Qg Eidrov,6Xdoto 0i0u1J7 Ev XEputv'07E18v IHa6' 86v 71 6' ipa pLtv, x7,6e 6 6dar-o tcO6rp Aagcpv6ev yeXdaa'a. lOI6atg 6' E3enas vojaaq, XApl iE- plv IaTErpEV, 7TrO T' 80a-,' Em i olvo'taev 4S,Aatlioviyl, t& ([ot'g TL Xiv a'cIayo 9Ovt~, Ov yap i'S t' V'rp aloav avp "Aa dt rpo6e/ Molpav 6' ovrtv6 v liCqt 7rebCv7tEvov Efeqlvat av6pdpv, OVi lcaK6v, oVb6i~ pv aO66v, riv Ta 7rp-Tza yr7p-Tal'AXX' Eli oblov iovaa da o' avwn-q epya g6olte, 49'JIo6v -'" ij;Lad-av -e, cal ac bttr620wAooct Keve'Epyov ExenoiXsOat Xl0r6e[o 6' avdpeact pelyoej, IgT.v, pli 6" jPCtT a',, rol'IJiq t yeydEaatv. nOOK VI. 121''ig a4pa wtv'dag iCopvO' dUeE-o.ai~dtgoS "F'icp I'lrrovptv' -XaoXog 6de' piI ord.6ve 6Pe6 eat 495'EvTpo7,ra;t'o pv., 9aXep6v icar dicpv Xrovoa. ANat4 6' weMtO' cz'vs 66/L-wvq eibvateTrovraq'ETIropoS c1v6p Gob6vo'O * KtXiacyo 6' Ev6o0t WroXAX4 A.pbt.wdroovfv T, tL'v SE Ydov Trdoatatv Evopaov. At yEv KTt ~'obv yO6'o "EJicopa. ~vi oic''CW.5) OBv'ip tv r'' &ai,7. iV7TrTpoTroV EV 7-TOAUOt0 JegaOat, 7rpoqvyo6vra ctvog imat Xeipaq'Axatuv. Ov68 IIptC 61i9vvez, Ev iV4XiozCt 66.dotatlv' Ao' Oy', eirei,carT6v, VTra T'exea, 7TotciXa Xa;c5. Eva r 7etlrt' ava a7rv rroat pat.rvoaot re7rotO6J. 50b ~'2 6' 5re rtq oa'7aTob tr7ro, atooTgaS7a' oa7'7rvi,, Asapuov 7op6f"cas &9ed Te3oloto Kpoatvov, EhtwO ~Xov'EcOat i)ppeLZog wo-.a,ltoio, Kvdtodv v6boiv 6~ tiap7 PXet, p plxFi de6 Xalrat,"'!ots adtaUovral 6 6' dyXat,,nt wemrotOUJ, 510'Pi~~a e yotpva qspet ps-d -r''IOsa cait vojtOv Lirrvv' "Q2 vlof IptpltoE o HO IdiptL a llra pyaatov abprlq Teixeat 7ratqbativ6v, kqr-' ijZuc-bo)p, E6E6riesL KayxaXowv,'raxe 6e 7r6odeg 0pov' al,'ba d' E+t-,'a EKItc-opa d6ov 7TE-'ltFy ai6deZ8X v, evTr' aCp' E:,u,/ei V 5615 -rpp1ea0i' E xdpy, 50t o6apti'e yvvatud. Tbv 7rp6Orepo rrpose'ETvev'AX.4avdpoc &eoet&O.C' 9H0EZ', 1 l-tcaa d;~ as ti.al e~aa-6l.e-voj1, taeFpvC. IoFOvwia,, ov6' IjX0ov Eivaitlqtov, Wq ~,evef, Toy 6' a&rrall66[tevog 7Tpoc'Y'$,'7l opvOaiotor "E.c-m(r'p 52f Satlt dvt', orw av Ttif 7o 1 6vp, kO Evaialyog Etl,'Epyov?titlzAees ft dXq, Urre? a-ItcIo'gL6 e8o.''AXcd kEcKv fmcOtEqi re icai ov,' iEOZet. " rb 6' iu.v cp'AxVvvrat Ev -i9vl&t, F0' v7rrp cEOev aTxe' ilcovo!tOc TpStm', 1 ~.;'o0-r' 07r0"?l) 70','v FeYE(la e7e0. 525 L 1 22 BUOOK vI.'AXX' otEV -ad 6' rwra0ev JpEsdG6~t' at ise -n, Zado Afl/ 7rrovpaviotat 9eoZq cEa'tyevT'a,I KpOrT'pa ar7ijaaOat S).sOEpov v gv,usyaooL atw'ET Tpofqr D),aoaava!s Ei)K'vjllL6ag''Axruo~' NOTES. NOTES ON THIE FIRST BGNG ARGUMEN T. flMT PESTIIIENCE, AND THE QUARREL BLTAT'EE.4 ACH[IUJX3 AND.6s MEMNOGN. DURING the War of Troy, the Greeks, having sacked some of the smaller to xns of the Troad, and having obtained among the plundei two beautiful female captives, Chrysbis.and Briseis, allot the former of these to Agamemnon, and the latter to Achilles. Chryses, tne father of Chryseis, and a priest of Apollo, thereupon comes to the Grecian camp for the purpose of ransoming his daughter from slavery. He meets, however, with a harsh refusal from Agarnemnon, and, on his departure from the presence of the monarch, offers up an earnest prayer for redress and vengeance to the deity whom he serves. His appeal is heard, and Apollo retaliates on the Greek", by inflicting upon the host a destructive pestilence. After this pes tilence had raged for the space of nine days, Achilles calls a general assembly of the forces, and bids Calchas, the soothsayer of the Grecian army, declare to the collected people the cause of the plague under which they are suffering. Calchas, after some hesitation, as cribes the pestilence to Apollo's anger at the refusal of Agarnemnon to restore the daughter of Chryses. Thereupon a violent quarrel ensues between Agamemnon and Achilles, which Nestor strives to pacify,. but, the immediate result of which is the seizure by Agamemnon of Briseis, the prize of Achilles, out of revenge for the losa of his own captive Chryseis, whom he sends away to her father. Nchilles, in anger, withdraws himself and his forces from the resi uf the Greeks, and complains to his mother Thetis, entreating het to interest Jupiter in his behalf, and induce him to grant success to the. Trojans, that the Greeks may feel the loss of their bravest warrior. Jupiter, on being supplicated by Thetis, grants her prayer, but thereby incenses Juno, and an angry dialogue ensues between the monarch of Olympus and his spouse, unti' Vulcan!nterpase%, amnd dexterously effects a reconciliation. L,2 12t NOTES TO BOOK r. The poem open3, in the tenth year of the war, with the visi of Chryses to the Grecian camp. The time occupied by the first book is generally computed at twenty-two days, namely, nine during the plague, one in tihe assembly of the forces hnd the quarrel of Achilles with Agamemnon, and twelve for Jupiter's stay among the Ethiopians, at his return from among whom Thetis prefers her request ounsult, however, the note on verse 222.-The scene lies at first in the Grecian camp, then changes to Chrysa, the residence of Chryses, and lastly to Olympus. 1 —2. Mvtv etde 9es. r.; A. " Sing, goddess, the destructive vrath of Achilles, son of Peleus." The bard invokes Calliope, the ause of epic poetry, to sing, that is, to inspire the poet himself with ruitable ability for celebrating, in song, the anger of Adhilles and its injurious consequences to the Greeks. The opening of the Iliad has been much admired by both ancient and modern critics, for its boldly nurrying the reader into the very midst of affairs.-Observe in u~ivlv the absence of the definite article. In the old epic language, the article, as such, is never expressed. When the forms 6, a, r6, &c.. do occur in Homer, they stand fbr the demonstrative pronoun, this, that, &c., changing occasionally, in our idiom, into the per. sonal pronoun. (Vid. Excursus 1.) In translating, therefore, from the Homeric language into our own, we are to be guided entirely by the context, as in Latin, with respect to the employment of the English definite and indefinite articles. gEia. Calliope is meant, the muse of epic poetry, who is called by Htesiod (Theog., 79) " the most excellent of all," -rpo0epEwrar,~ 4'raatwv. —ovopvl7Jv. The poetic participle here passes over into ah adjective, with the active signification of " destructive" or'fatal." 71 pUvpt''AXaLtolc a'ye' EOvncev. " Which brought countless sufferings upon the Greeks " Literally, "which placed."-'Axaio!'C. Ii Homer's time there was no general appellation for the Grecian race (the term'EXijXve being one of later origin). The poet, therefore, when he wishes to designate the Greeks collectively, employs the. names of some powerful and ruling tribes. The Achaean race bore sway at this period in the Peloponnesus, and they are hence put foi the Greeks in general. On other occasions we have Aavaoi and'Ap/yeZoL. 3-5. HoXa;d 6' 1'fi pov' ipvXC'r, K. T. X. " And hurled to Hades many valiant souls of heroes." Observe, that by,' Hades" a person is here meant, the god of the lower world. So in Virgil (En., ii NOTES T1 nCoGK T. 12' 9l, "- mreltoJ Daanainim dcmzttzmus Orco." —A difference of opinion exists with regard to the meaning of 7rpoialev in this line, many con.'nentators translating it "prematurely sent." This, however, is in correct. The preposition 7rpo has here in composition the force of " onward," or " forward," and irpoit'drrrw has theo literal meaning of "to hurl onward," just as in Latin we have proturbare, propellcrse protrudere) where pro has no reference whatever to time. Compare verse 435 of this book, 7rpospeaaav pe-r/oiF, "they urged forward with oars," and also A ollon. Rh/od., i., 386, where the form rrporrpo6za'yuevoc is employed with the double preposition, to denote the strenuous efforts of the Argonauts in pushing forward their ship from the land into the sea. adroVi d E'ASpeta, K. r. X. "And made themselves a prey for dogs and all birds," i. e., made their bodies, the pronoun a7robf being equivalent here, in effect, to a6uara avirov. Observe the reflexive meaning of a7ro0i, the oblique cases of a5ro6h having this force whenever they begin the construction. Ator d' 7EEiETro flov24. "' And yet the will of Jove was all this while undergoing its accomplishment." This is said parenthetically. Notwithstanding the fierce resentment of Achilles, and the disastrous consequences which resulted from it to the Greeks, still the will of Jove, that Troy should fall, was all the while advancing to its accomplishment, and converting the apparently implacable wrath of the son of Peleus into a means for accomplishing its end. The disasters which befell the Greeks in consequence of the withdrawal of Achilles urged his friend Patroclus to the battle-field, and the fall of that friend roused Pelides himself to take up arms once more, and become reconciled to Agamemnon. Then ensued the death of Hector and the fall of Troy. —bre~XEero. Observe the peculiar force of the imperfect in denoting continuance of action. 6-7. ks o' dj, KC. T.;%. "From that very time when both the son of Atreus, king of men, and the godlike Achilles first stood apart after having quarreled." The words e: oi' refer back to wrpotabpet and revxe, and when resolved are equivalent to ecK o70 Xp6vov 0d, &.~ ok. The particle d', whdn joined with an adverb of time, or, as in the present instance, with.a clause indicative of it, denotes a pre. cise point of time. Thus, Hesiod says, when you hear the note ol the crane, d rdre XopraX'tV etvtKac p3o?, K. r. 2., "C then is the very time to fodder well," &c.-7r 7'rpr'a. Wolf distinguishes betweerrd wrrpCra and ra7rpira, making the former equivalent to res primas, the latter to imprimis. This, however, is denied by Spitzner: ra cnira is here poetic far -rotsrov l2t8 ANOTES TO BOOK 1. -l10. ri rT' ap aswE, K. r. su. "And what one, ther., of the gcas brought them both together, so as to contend in angry words"' Heyne joins fphl in construction with fvvqi/ce, but Wolf, with fbl more propriety, connects it with /iXeavOa., making it define more particularly the idea contained in this latter verb, which in its gel: eral acceptation refers to arms and bloodshed, but here relatea nierely to an angry collision in words. Some grammarians supply Sare before uzXecOalc, but this is hardly necessary, the infinitive being freely appended to fv,,lce in order to mark the result. A7ro7f Kai ABth vi6o. " The son of Latona and Jove," i. e., Apollo. This is an answer to the preceding question. We are not, however, to suppose that the muse herself here takes up the' strain. The bard still speaks, but after having been inspired by the muse whom he has invoked. —6 yap. "For this (deity)." Observe that is not the article, either here or anywhere else in Homer, but the demonstrative pronoun, and equivalent to oVr'oc. Compare note on verse 1.-actav i).'. Agamemnon. —hvai apaTrbv apre. "Excited throughout.the host."-b&ricovro 56 Haoi. "And the pPople kept perishing." Observe the force of the imperfect. - By 1 aoi are meant the various tribes or communities of wln h the (Gr. ian army was composed. 11-13. obveKa 7TO' Xpiayv, EK. r. X. "Because the son of Atreus had treated with indignity that Chryses, the priest." Observe here again the demonstrative force of Tov. It is not the prose article, simply prefixed to a proper name, but denotes that Chryses who plays so important a part in the legend of the Trojan war; that Chryses, who was, in one sense, the cause of the memorable quar -el between Achilles and Agamemnon. b yUp. "For this (priest)."-Xvaj6/e v6S re. 1" Both to redeem." More literally, " to free for himself," i. e., as a father. Observe the force of the iniddle.-O-pov r-' ciEpeitc' drotva.: "And bringing a boundless ransom," i. e., an invaluable one. Observe the force of the active in epcov: bringing for another, i. e., for his child. 14-15. avreu/a "' ~oyWv Ev Xetoav, K. r. X. " And having in his hands'he fillet of the far-darting Apollo on a golden sceptre," i. e., attached to, or wound around the sceptre at the top. The preposition cvai is found with a dative in the epic language, and also among the iyric writers, and denotes in this construction continuance or rest.'The fillet and the sceptre or staff both denote the sacerdotal office, and the former is called the " fillet of Apollo" because accustomed at other times-to be worn by Chryses around his brow, as the priest of that god. The following woodcuts represent back and frrag NOTES TO-. BOOK 1. l2'J oiews ot the heads of statues ifrom Herculaneum, on which we peA reive the fillet.'The earlier editions have arriuyar',yrov, for which H. Stepuenx' substituted cretua r' iXwv, which has been followed by Heyne and others. It is certainly the preferable reading, and would appear to be confirmed by arGru7ta in verse 28. Those commentators are wrong who suppose ar/uyar' to refer to fillets of wool wrapped around a staff or branch after the manner of suppliants. This custom on the part of'suppliants was not known in Homeric times, but came in with a later age. Equally erroneous is it, notwithstanding the authority of the minor scholiasts, to make aruupa signify "a crown of bay." In the first place, the ornament termed'a crown was not as yet known in the time of Homer; and, secondly, the legend of the metamorphosis of Daphne was subsequent to the po. et's day. Pope's translation, therefore, of a "laurel-crown" is wv-rong. aKlSTr7rp). The aKxT7rpov was properly a staff. As the staff was used' not merely to support the steps of the aged and -infirm, but as a Weapon of defence and assault, the privilege of habitually carrying it became' emblematic of situation and authority. Hence we find the sceptre borne in ancient times, not only by kings, princes and leaders,' but also by judges, heralds, priests, and seers. The original wooden staff, in consequence of its application to the uses just described, received a variety of ornaments or emblems. It early became a truncheon, pierced with golden or silver studs (Compare verse 246.) It was also enriched with gems, and was sometimes made of precious metals or ivory. The woodcut on tho following page,.taken from a fictile vase, and representing.Eneas foliowed by Ascanius, and carrying off his father Anehises, who holds the sceptre in his:right hand, shows its form as used by kings. 17-138. Ka'i 62ot VCKVijl/udt'Axawto[. "And ye other well-greaved Greeks.' The greave, or hvytr/ (in Latin, ocrea), covered the leg In front, fromn the'knee to the ankle. That the Greeks took great de. Wiaht in handsome greaves mavybe itile-rred from:thle epithet employ. 1.3(' NOTES'VT UOO0K f sd here and elsewhere, as also from Homer's minuteness in desens bing some of their parts. (Compare note on book iii., verse 331.)-.jUv pEIv igeol JoIev, c. r. t. " Unto you, indeed, may the gods, wh~:ccupy the Olympian mansions, grant to sack the city of Priam, and in safety to come unto your home." More literally, "and hap. pily to come," &c. Observe the opposition between 1yv, in this part of the sentence, and & in raiZa de. Observe, also, the use of the aorist in dolev, Kfirepoat, and iK aOat, to express the speedy oc vurrence of certain wished-for events. 19-20. 7raia 4' etzo2?iaai re, iK. r. X. " But both release unto me my child, and receive this ransom." The infinitives 2lvaat and &- ea0ac are here employed as imperatives, a construction which Hermann regards as a remnant of the old simplicity of the language, in which the action required is expressed by means of the verb used absolutely, without any ellipsis. We have given 2vaat re, with Heyne. The old reading ota-are, the penult of which is short, violates the metre, unless we have recourse to the doctrine of the arsis, ur caesural pause. Barnes's?XaaaOe offends against the sense, inasmuch as the Greeks are entreated to release for another, not for khemselves, and therefore the middle cannot stand here.- Clarke -eads AVcatre and d-Xeae, to which no material objection can exist, since the optative 2;vaatre will imply the earnest entreaty oi Chryses for-the immediate release of his daughter, while the change to the imperative in 6dXeOeE denies any reluctance in paying tne ransom, in case of such release. ra a'rota. Observe here the force of the demo-nstrative i'. fo'-v oTES TO BOOK I. 131,avra. as indicating a gesture on the part of Chryses, who points at the ransom which he has brought with him. 21-25. rreuvlo71cav aldeiaOat, K. T. a. "Testified by acciamationu their assent, both to reverence the priest and to receive the splen did ransom." Compare, as regards t'1revi/7iaav, the explanation of the minor scholiast: /eer' er#7iat El667aav. Plato, in his nreta. phrasis of this part of the Iliad, has o01v EIV 0e2Qot Ea'6ovro Kai avvCD voGEv.-d;itX' OVK'Arpeid,'AyauEUvotV, K. r. a. "But not to the son of A.treus was it pleasing in soul; on the contrary, he dismissed him rudely, and added thereunto a harsh injunction." Compare, as re gards the force of KaK/cr, the explanation of Plutarch (De Aud. Poet., p. 67, It.): caK/C, rovroarev, aiypiSC Kat avOa6E Ktia rrappas Tr rpoai7Kov.-KpaTrepv 6' E'ei, K. r. a. Observe here the adverbial force of irri, " thereunto," or " besides." In the older state of the language, as, for example, in Homer and Herodotus, it is a very common thing to find the preposition and the verb separated by other words. This is not properly a tmesis, that is, the separation of a word used at that time in its compounded form; but the prepositions, at this period of the language, served really as adverbs, which were put either immediately before or after the verbs.. At a later period, however, particularly in Attic, the composition became more firmly estab Ished, and the prepositions were considered as a part of the verb {V/id. Excursus II.) 26-28. Mi ae Ktxe&O. "Let me not find thee." More literally, "let me not catch thee." Observe the force of the subjunctive. Some commentators supply 6pa, others kvXdaaov, before /tj. There is, however, no need of any ellipsis at all. The strong emotion o1 the speaker supplies the place of any verb. —i CarEpov a~vrte l6vra. "Or hereafter coming again." Avirts, as a reading, is softer and more Ionic than aOtg.. —[ji v roe od' xpaia,,- K. r.T. "L,est, in that event, the sceptre and the fillet of the god prove in reality of no avail.-" Observe the force of vi (shortened from vvv), analogous to the more prosaic odv. So, again, rot has here the force o1 rP Yrt, V " in reality," "in truth." Compare, as regards both these particles, the compound form roivvi, for which, in book vii., 352, wi: have r& vv. —aKir.rpov Kat a(rJeua tleoio. By " the sceptre and the fillet of the god" are meant the sceptre, and fillet which he is accustomed ti wear as a priest of the god. Compare note on verse 14. 29-32. Twv. "This daughter of thine." Observe the demonstra. aive force of r/ev. which does not here, however, refer to Chryseis as being present, but only- near at hand. 1~ 03 else, and perhaps more eorrectly, to the maiden as having been just mentioned in her fat NOTES 1T0 BOOK i. ther's speeehl.-E-)':. Emphatic, and therefore expresseu. —Irs.is aIl eat ),'pac eiretovl. "5 Sooner upon her shall even old age come," i. a, she shall rather remain a captive of mine, ev en until old age shall come upon her. Compare the explanation of Heyne: "Potius illa consenescet apud me in servili conditione." This clause is often error neously translated as follows: "befbre even old age.-oines upon her." Such a meaning, however, would require the verb to be in the infinitive. Observe, with regard to /breL-tv, that efl/t, " to go," &c., has regularly in the present the signification of the future.,v'Apyer. "In Peloponnesus." By'Apyog is here meant, not the city of that name, for this was under the sway of Diomede, but a large portion of the Peloponnesus, including particularly the cities of Mycenwe and Tiryns, and constituting, along with many adjacent islands, the hereditary dominions of Agamemnon. —'lariv ErotXogYvmv. "Plying the loom." Literally, "going unto the loom." The reference here is to the upright loom, the management of which required the female to stand, and move about, at one time coming toward, at another receding from it. There was also another kind of loom, at which they sat. The annexed woodcut gives the picture of Circe's loom, in the very ancient illuminated'manuscript nt Virgql's Aneid, preserved at Rome in the Vatican library. I iii] tai tb4v iEXoC:vr6uoeaav. "And preparing my couch." A eu pheinism, involving a much grosser idea.'Avrt6oaav is equivalent here, as the old grammarians correctly explain it, to eTpe'irovacv,, and the phrase;6Xof dvrtrdv is precisely analogous to RXor.ropaivetv, in book iii., 411, and Od., iii., 403. We must be careful, in th[i passage, not to translate, as some do, " sharing my couch," a mode of rendering which would make the Greek imply something wished for and desired on the part of the female captive, a meaning directly opposite to the spirit of the context.'Avrutv, with the genitiae;xreor, would undorttedly mean "to partake of," or "shale my couch;" but not with the accusative, as ir. thr,resnrt. miasatn.:BItmof.nn,!etil, vol i., p. 10.) NOTES TO BOOK 1. 133'AXX' "I0. " Go, t.hen."- More literally, "(Tarry not, then), but go." The abrupt use of cihXX here is intended to mark strong excitement. — rawreposc iJ lcE vbat. " In order that thou mayest, in that event, depart with greater safety." Observe here the force of I~E (analogous to av in prose), and consult the remarks of Donaldson on this particle. (New Cratylus, p. 248.) 33-36. i'66staEv a' y7ipwv. "That old man thereupon became afraid." Observe, again, the demonstrative force of b, as equivalent to ov7ro or ElCEvog: that same Chryses of whom the bard has just been speaking.-arbdwv.'In silence." He utters not his prayer for vengeance until out of hearing of the Grecian host. Hence the remark of the scholiast, in explanation of this silence:'iva o) caihovawotv ot 7roXkttotl. —7rapa Ftva 7roXvoXoiagoto &aXaailC. "Along the shore of the loud-roaring sea." Observe the beautiful onomatopceia in roXv6Xoicgolo, as imitati ve of the dashing of the waves and the loud roar of the sea when lashed by tempests. The advocates for the Romaic mode of pronouncing the ancient Greek have flllen into a singular error with regard to the Homeric term -roXvX,\otgoo, in consequence of their viewing it as an epithet for the sea on all occasions. They enunciate the words in the text as if written polyphlisveo tlhaldsses, and then add that this expression refers to "'the gentle laving of the shore by a summer-wave, and not the roaring of a wintry ocean." But what becomes, in that event, of the Homeric oXoegSoc, as indicating the din and roar of battle? Must we render it " the gentle miurmur of the fight?" 1roXXa 6' a'retr' 77rcivevOe nSIC t, Ic. r. X. "And then, going apart, that aged man prayed earnestly to Iing Apollo, whom the fair-haired Latona bore," i.e., going to a distance from the Grecian camp. So Plato, in his prose metaphrase of this passage, has ac7reoX(opjaac C' to 7-o, rTparo7'0E'oV.-Vlc7tTlr. A general term of honor here, as indicating one high in power, and applied to many gods. (Compare Donaldson's NVew Cratylus, p. 417.)-rTOv. For'v, a usage retained afterward in Ionic Greek. 37-38. Apyvp6rro'. "Bearer of the silver bohw," i. e., the bow:dolrned with silver. So aureus arcus ( Viry., zE., xi., 652), as applied to a bow with golden ornaments, such as the ring or handle, &c.-6-gcXpvasmv aplag9lmpcac. "Who hast ever protected Chrysa." Observe here the continued action implied by the perfect, which makl;es c}lgtglqtcrac equivalentin effect, to "'who hast protected and still dost continue to protect." Observe, also, the peculiar meaning of the verb itself; "to go around,"'"to keep moving around," "to. guard or protect on all sides." Tle god keeps watch, as it.M i3.1 NOTES TO BOOK I. were, over this, 4 is favored citj.-XpiiaVv. - hrysa, the r,!sidrene of (Chryses, was a town of Troas, on the coast, to the south of Troy. and near the pramontory of Lectum. Strabo, however, places it in the innermost part of the Adramyttian Gulf, and hence some are itn favor of making two places of this name, an old and a new Chrysa. The city spoken of in the text, wherever it was situate, was famoua for a temple of Apollo Smintheus, called Sminthium, a name sometimes applied to the town itself. Ki2Zav. Cilla was a town of Troas. not far to the northwest of Adramyttium, and lying in what was called Cilicia Thebaica. It also contained a temple of Apollo.-TEvidot6 re iot &vda6oetl. " Anti (who) rulest powerfully over Tenedos," i e., and who art the tutelary god and powerful defender of Tenedos. The island of Tenedos lay off the coast of Troas, and directly opposite to Troy. It was sacred to Apollo, whose worship appears to have been brought in by a Cretan colony. (Compare Mliller, Gesch. Hell. St., vol. ii., p. 218, seq.) -tvrdaaset. This verb governs the genitive here, because that case expresses the object which calls forth the activity of the subject. 39-42. l/tvOe3V. "0 Smintheus." Apollo was worshiped under this appellation in various parts of Asia Minor, but particularly at Chrysa, where he had a temple called Sminthiurn (.Z1tveeor). The origin of the name Smintheus is variously explained. The most common derivation is from the Cretan term oaudvOor, " a rat,;' Apollo having indicated, by means of field-mice, to the Teucri, when migrating from Crete, the place where they were to settle. The Teucri had been told by an oracle to make their new abode in that place where they should first be attacked by the original inhabitants of the land; and having halted for the night in a particular spot, a large number of field-mice came and gnawed away the leathern straps of their baggage, and the thongs of their armor. Here, then, says the legend, they fixed their settlement, and hence the deity who had directed their wanderings was called by them Smintheus. Another and better explanation makes Apollo to have derived this name from the rat as the type of primitive night; and thus the animal in question, when place in works of art at the base of Apollo's statue, indicated the victory of day over night. Etl 7rorK TLt,XpEVT', KC. r. X. " If ever, beside' other acts of hornm. age, I erected unto thee the beauteous temple."'Erri (more literal1Y, "in addition") is here, according to strict Homeric usage, an adverb, and is not to be regarded as merely separated from lpeVa'y tmesis. (Compare note on verse 25.),oem*a. An erroneous translation of this verb is often given here NOTES i'O -BOOK,. 1 3.I In tue sense of "to adorn," or "to hang with garla.(ds." This, however, is 7ery far from being its meaning in the present passage. The verb spiew properly signifies " to cover over," "' to roof over," and the literal sense of the text; therefore, is, " if ever I have roofed Doer for thee a beauteous temple." As, however, the operations of roofing over and completing a structure are ne'rly identical, the former is here employed to express the latter, and iperpa becomes equivalent to the simple oKc66o/tcaa. It its in this sense that the present passage is understood by Plate in his metaphrasis, where he has Ev vafv oKod6ojuaaLtv, by Eus*.thius in his commentary, who remarks, ifr-Eov i 0r7L -o iper'a;,i'davEL Eiuv r' dp4Saa, and by some of the best scholars in moder:t times. (Compare Ast, ad Plat., De Rep., iii., p. 293.) But he;r can a mere priest be said to erect a temple? This difficulty, which is noticed by Heyne, may easily be obviated by supposir.g, as the name itself of the priest would almost appear to indicatei, that Chryses combined in his own person the offices of both priest and ruler at Chrysa, a union of dignities often met with iti ancient times. Ast thinks that 1petpa contains a special reference to the completing of a structure by the erection of the pedinent or fastigiumn, called by the Greeks aEr/wua or elro6s, bec ase the pediment of the earliest temples which were dedicated to Jupiter was usually ornamented by an eagle in relief, an instance of which is afforded by the coin represented in the annexed wood cIt K.!'H ri di o-ori rot, K. T. ". "Or if ever, then, (before this), I con. uarned in honor of thee." We have here what is termed the use,lf dJ in gradation,'when a fresh topic is introduced into a discourse — ara. An adverb. The same remark applies to it as to L;[ ir the previous line. The literal meaning of Karaa Elja is, " I burned completely," or "entirely," i. e., "1 consumed." Chryses means, that the choicest parts of the victim were given to the god, and that none wcle reserved fr- human purposes.-ro-de uCrt,,o 136 NOtES TO BOOK,. etZiup. "Accomplish br me this desire." The praycr is basen on the rude idea enteitained of the deity in an early age. The priest enumerates v hat he has done for the god, ana then asks for a recompense. —Taetav Aavao2 Eua 6dKpva, K. r. 2,. "May the Greeks atone by thy arrows for my tears," i. e., by the slaughter which thy arrows shall inflict.-Aavaoi. Consult note on verse 2, We have here again a special appellation used in speaking of a whole race. The term Aavao[ Is considered by some as equivalent to yyevear. Thus the scholiast on 2Eschylus (Prom., 568) remarks, oi yap AupteLf rI v >, ivi diV, oaatv. (Compare Haupt, Quast. GEschyl., ii., 70.) 43-45. roV d'. " This one thereupon. "-B 6e Kar', Ic. r..;A "A d he went down from the summits of Olympus." Observe the a I. verb,,al force of Kara, and also the idea of motion from a place irn. plied in icapYvwv. —-Kcp. Accusative of nearer definition. —rF. " His fearful bow." The plural of excellence or intensity.-OuY9pe6ea rE eaoirpyv.' "And his closely-covered quiver." More literal. ly, " and his quiver covered all around." The top or oIvrer of the ancient quiver was called 7r/uya, and resembled an invculed drink. ing cup, whence the name. 46-49.'E2Lcaysav 6' ip' — trot, K.. r.. "And then tLe arrows rat: tied on the shouldersof him enraged, as he himself mnoved alotng.'9 Literally, "he himself having been moved." The arrows rattled on the shoulders of the god as he moved along in anger. —aerOiV' Observe the reflexive force of the oblique case, as it begins the clause; and compare note on verse 4.-o- 6' i'Ze vvKri oclKcj. "And he moved along like the night." More literally, "and this same deity moved along," &c. A nobly-graphic image. Eustathius indulges in a far-fetched explanation, when he makes the present passage a figurative allusion to the thick and vapory appearance of the atmosphere, proceeding from the corruption of the air, during the season of pestilence. The meaning merely is, that the god moved along gloomy of visage, and fearful as the night. So Hesy chius has, po6epd' rTlv Iavy, KeTaraTXL7KrlKt KcaO6rep v6. ItEra d' itv eryKe. " And discharged an arrow at them," i. e., at the ships. More literally, " sent an arrow after (i. e., among) them." Clarke supplies vear after /eLT6, hut the adverbial nature of the lattei forbids, of course, any such ellipsis. If we explain this part of the poem physically, the discharge of the arrow marks the beginlllng of the pestilence, which arose, very probably, firom the action of thb sun on the stagnant waters in the vicinity of the Grecian canmp, a ad near the month of the Simnois Hence tas'ullrative allusion to tae NoT'rE TO 1BOOSK. 13 8l. Iws of the god, that is,'is burning rays.- det., de..a)y yiyvEr, 7.. ". A. And fearful was the twang of his sil'er bow." Observe, [i ipy/vp~oto Ptoto, the beautiful onomatopreia, or echo of sound to sense..50-52. Odpr ae. The poet here appears as a close observer of nature. In pestilential disorders, four-footed animals are said to be first attacked, from their living more in the open air than man, and being, therefore, more immediately affected by any change in the purity of the atmosphere. (Compare Wolf, Vorles. zu Hoem, 11., vol. i., p. 66.)-}rri Xero. "He attacked." Literally, "he went against." Passow ipcorrectly refers this to the arrow itself. (Griech. Handw?.rt, s. v. EirotXopat.)-Atvrp earetr', aVrocat, Eo. r. B2. "Bat afterward, discharging a sharp-pointed arrow at (men) themselves, he kept smiting, and numerous pyres of the dead were continually be. ing burned." An incorrect punctuation of this line makes aVerosol apparently violate the rule about the reflexive force of the oblique cases of avr6o when beginning a clause. The difficulty, however, is removed, and the rule saved from infraction, by placing a comma -after rretTr', and another after Eiteig. xe7revKE..:-This is commonly rendered " bitter," z. e., deadly ol destructive. Buttmann, however, has shown, very conclusively, that the radical idea in xe7rewvs.VK is not that of bitterness, but ol pointedness. (Lexi., vol. i., p. 18.)-Baike'. Observe the continued action indicated by the imperfect.-&atuetai. Commonly, but erroneously, rendered " frequent," which makes a tautology with aie. The idea meant to be conveyed is that of funeral piles stand ing closely together, or, as it were, crowded together. 53-.56. 80'Ero. "Kept going." More fieely, "continued to speecd their way." —KXa;garo. " Summoned." Observe here the peculiar force of the middle voice. Achilles takes upon himself the responsibility of summoning the people to an assembly, an idea that harmonizes well with his own impetuous character. —r) yip i-r mtpea, i. r. 2,. "For Juno, fair-armed goddess, had suggested it in mind:unto this Nwarrior." More literally, "had put it upon his mind unto this one." The preposition Ea-i with the dative (a case the leading idea of which is rest or continuance) has here in some degree the force of Ev. —peo.' Homer, following the idea of a rude and early age, places the region of thought in the breast; of the head, as the seat of intellect, he knows nothing. The legend or Minerva springing fiom the head of Jove is of later origin. —tnKe Observe the pluperfect force which the aorist here assumes, ant which we often find in similar cases. (Compare Na gelsbace, ad klsa antd Kihner. G G., O 444.) M 2 Ills _NOrES Tr B'O BOOK 1 Kidero )iip. The particle yap is twice employed, once in this, and once in the previous line, in order to explain a result arising from two combined causes. Achilles summoned the people because Juna had suggested the idea; and Juno suggested this idea because she felt concerned for the Greeks. —ri /aI. "Because, namely." Ob. -serve here the explanatory force of the particle d6, correspondirg to the Latin nempe, scilicet, or utique. 57-58. O1 6' E're oVv I7IypOev, c. r. A. "Now when these, then, were collected (from on all sides), and had become assembled together." The particle ovv, if more freely rendered, would be, " in consequence of this summons." —Heyne thinks that there is something tautological in the text, if we form'yerp0ev from ayeipo, and proposes, therefore, to deduce it from Eyetip, " to arouse," making it refer to an arousing, or calling forth, of the people from their pre vious employments or situations. This, however, is very justly condemned by Wolf, in his Review of Heyne's edition, who re gards the passage as merely marking the progress of an action from its commencement to its completion. The people are first collected from the-various quarters of the camp, and flock in from on all sides, and at last the assembly itself becomes full, and ready to proceed to business. Tolat 6' d'vtWr7ievoC, Ic. 7. R. "Among these (same) thereuponr, Achilles, swift of foot, arising, spoke." Observe the force of 6i in this verse. It is by no means expletive, as some suppose, but follows out the idea expressed by the particle 6d in the previous line. Observe also the peculiar meaning of the dative in roEIt, equivalent. in fact, to Ev rov0rote, and compare the remarks of Kiihner on the Daltvus localis. (Gr. Gr., Q 568, 2.) The idea of "among" is still farther expressed by the preposition?ETr in PETErq?, though not reguired to be given in translation. Some editdrs make roZat depend for its government on this same /ETrc, but such a construction would not be Homeric, Mteri having here merely the force of an adverb. Niigelsbach regards roact as the dative of advantage (' for these"), but this is decidedly inferior. Equally objectionable is Passow's explanation, who makes 1roat the same here as ro0roft E"TEca or/y0Oot;. 59-60.'Arpebih, vVv zu1e, K. r. a. ". Son of Atreus, I am of opinion that we, having wandered away (from the object of our expedition,, will have to go back (to our homes)," i. e., that we having utterly failed in our object, &c. Tile object of the expedition was, of course, the taking of Troy. Observe, in 7raaktyer;ayxOivraq, the use of the passive in a middle sense. This participle is commonly, but erroneously, rendered " having renewed our wanderings," or " I aving N'ATE,'CC I0IOK I.1 agatu wandered." In the first place, there were in fhct, no p evious wanderings; and, in the next, the adverb r.ci.tv in Homer, whethe, in or out of composition, has always the meaning of " back," or'away from," analogous to the Latin retro, and never that of "again." This last-mentioned signification is-of later date. - Con. sult, on the whole passage, the remarks of Doederlein, Lat. Syn. una Etymol., vol. i., p. 92. EK KEv O6var6v ye Vyottlcv. "If, perchance, we would escape deith at least." The particle KeV is here employed to denote something incertain and contingent, so that the meaning of the clause, when more fully given, is, "if, (should it so please heaven), we would escape," &c., equivalent to et, 9EoS &66vroc, fvyottev av 4ovarov, "if, the deity granting this, we might in that event escape." —iOvair&. ye. Observe here the limiting force of yg, "if we would escape death at least, since we have not been able to escape war and pestilence." 61-63. Etl d~ d/o, tc. r.;A. l "Since, as things now go, both war and pestilence together are subduing the Greeks." Observe that el with the indicative has here the meaning of " since," as denoting certainty, whereas in the previous line, when joined to the optative, It has its usual conditional force. —d$. This particle here refers tc matters as at present existing, and fullly determinate in their character. Hence the ease with which it passes, in the next line, into the kindred meaning of " now." —apd. For a literal translation supply another da/oz with;oty(kr. The combined effect is expressed by c o;J, the separate action in producing it, by the verb in the singular.'iye 6~. "Come now." -rtva advrrtv lpetiopev. " Let us interro gate some seer," i. e., let us consult, &c. Present subjunctive, foi.pwtV. —-Flavrtv. The term [(ivr:t indicates one inspired by the deity, and who, by virtue of such inspiration, unfolds the future to tile view. Hence its meaning of seer or prophet. On the other hand, lepei~ is a priest of some particular deity, who discloses the future from an inspection of the entrails of victims, &c. And again, 6vetp67ro6to is an expounder of dreams, who discovers in them an expression of the will of heaven. —Kai ydp r' ovap, K. r. R. " For even the dream too is from Jove," i. e., even the dream, as well as other signs, is an indication of his will. Observe the peculiar force of es, literally " out of," i. e., out of, or emanating from the great source ol all knowledge. 64-67.'O ic' EdTrot, Ort r6aaov', Kr. r.. " ho, in that event, might tell on what account Phcebus Apollo has become so greatly incens. ed' Observe the force of the particle KE' who on our askong him 140) NOTES TO I3OOK AL — 5rL. Equivalent to the later dL' irt.-e- 6acro. The aorlst,erew aenotes the having passed into that state which is indicated by the present. El iT' &>)' eb2ot',;. tc. r,. " Whether, then, this particular de't3 has a complaint again'st us, either on account of a vow (unperfurm' ed) or a hecatomb (unoffered)." There is properly an ellipsis here. The sentence ought to begin as follows: "And let us see whether," &c. — y'. Observe the force which the particle y; impalts to o alnely. "this deity for his part," i. e., this same deity. —eiXpJ2o. This genitive, and also EKar6/6yg, are commonly supposed to be governed by evKca understood. It is better, however, to make the employment of the genitive here a general one, equivalent, literally, to " in respect of," " by reason of." (Compare Matlhiex, ~ 337.) Ait orK V (tpVSiv, K. r. X. "If in any way, after having enjoyed the savor of perfect lambs and goats, he may be willing to ward of. destruction for us," i. e., from us. The particle at here takes t'ia place of the ordinary el, from its implying a latent wish that thin'g may turn out so. (Consult Hartzag, part ii., p. 214.) —r7eX2elt. It was essential that the victim be free from imperfection or blemist of any kind. The same was also enjoined on the Israelhtes respecting the sacrifice of the paschal lamb. (Exod., xii., 5.) —KKEy fOxerat. Not the indicative, as some think, showing it to be very probable that such an offering will propitiate the god; on the contrary, 0rO-,ETat is the o(ld form for the subjunctive fo;7olrat. —(rLotacar. > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ =i _ M= _A = = -;at'+ -; 0\ NorT1s TrO nB!O i. 1 iJ Monr literaly, "having paiticipated in," "having paltaken of-,!f Buttnann, Lxil., s. v.).-ddr6. Used adverbially, according to Ho. meric usage. 68-73.'Hrot y5' Ad i a'wy.' This warrior, indeed, having thus spoken." More literally, " this warrior, indeed, for his part." The particle TroL is nearly the same in force as uev.- The two principal points of difference are that'ros is the more poetic term, and that it may stand first in a clause or sentence. (Compare Hartung, vol ii., p. 358.)-&cd). Observe the accerituation here, distinguishing this ~5; (for ogr70S) from the ordinary GEM, "as," &c. —Kar' ap' AR-ETo. No tmesis. Compare note on verse 25. Osaropidt7r. " The son of Thestor.''-O.'. "By far." The term.,;a occurs only in Homer, and is used to smt-ngthen the superlative. -d? rid r' AAvra, IT.. 2'. W. "Who knew as well the things that are, and the things that shall be, and the things that are (gone) be. fore," i. e., the present, future, and past. Obse've the peculiar demonstrative force in ra- as connected with idvra anld }au6o/eva, "those hings that are," "those things that are to be." So in English,'that which is," i" that which is to be." Kati vegaa''7y7car', c. r..A. "And was guide fc, the ships of the Greeks unto Ilium." We must be careful not to connect with Vyoaearo here any idea of command or authority. The term merely indicates the influence which a seer like Calchas would exercise over such an expedition, in explaining omens, and other signs from on high, and in determining by these means the course of the fleet. — Iltov. The accusative of motion toward a place, and not depending on eCat. —gv dalta pavrojavv. " By means of his skill in divina. tion." "v for tev. —rv. "Which." Epic fQr Vv. tO oLtv.1iV0povEwv, i. T-.?. " This one, being favorably disposed toward them, harangued and spoke among them (as follows)." Literally, "this one thinking well for them." We have given o catv, with Wolf and Spitzner, as supported by the authority of Aristarchus and the best ancient grammarians; and have assigned to 6 the force of oV-TOf, as usual. (Compare Usteri, TWolf Vorles., vol. i., p. 75.) Some make o, however, Homeric for of (Kiihznr, Q 343); and Heyne and others read at once 6g sbIv.-a'opca.7o.o. This merely relates to the occasion on which the speech was,e;'i:ered, namely, in a public assembly; it was so far, therefore, ale ayopd, or cozncio. The term JLerTe'ELev, on the other hand, refers to t.ie contents of tbh speech. 74-79. Ki9Xea[ ie. "'Thou biddest me." Not directly, but imph e3 dly.-~-yv. "The cause of the'wrath.'"-C ( " 5111 declare 142 NOTES TO BOOK I. it." Niigelsbach supplies &trof, in the sense of rem; out this, an necessary, since epew refers back to iijtvtv. —a 6d aivOeo. " De thou, however, consider well." More literally, "' place (or arrange) the matter carefully in thy own mind." Supply opeaiv. - Observe tile force of the middle voice: Achilles must do this for himself; he must take the whole responsibility. —6,uocaov. We have removed the comma after this verb, in order to connect it immediately with what follows. The old punctuation turns on an erroneous translation of ivOePo. 1yv ot 7rfJ6q0p(ov, Kc. -. r.. "That thou wilt in very truth promptly aid me with words and hands." More literally, " wilt ward off (danger) for me." In the form n iuev, the particle yev corresponds to the prose form urfv. (Consult Niigelsbach's Excursus on F7juv.)7rodopov. Observe the employment of the nominative with the in. finitive, the reference being to the same individual that forms the. subject of the preceding verb. —7 yap &topzat avpa xoJwaiE/ev. "Fol I do assuredly think that I shall anger the man." Observe the force of I. Some connect it, in translating, with Xoloraiqev, but it unites more naturally with bitoyat.-XOOwaEiev. When the subject of the infinitive is the same with that of the preceding finite verb, it is *emitted with the former, unless an emphasis be laid upon it. /y~ya. "With pGwerful sway." —caai ol 7re~OovTat'AXaoi. "And nim the Greeks obey." We have here what grammarians call a Parataxis, the personal pronoun ol taking the place of the relative A,, or, in other words, the expression " and him" being employed in-. stead of " and whom." In Homer. this construction savors of the simplicity of the early language, when the relative was not as yet generally employed. With later writers, however, it is done either to avoid the too frequent use of the relative, or else to impart addi tional force to what is said by the sudden turn of expression. 80-83. tKpetatuv yap PaateXr%, K. r. A. "For a king is the morf powerful (of the two) whenever he shall have become incensed against a man of inferior rank." Commentators are divided here in opinion relative to the form XtSerat, some regarding it as the simple future, others as the aorist of the subjunctive with a shortened moodvowel. The latter appears to be the more correct view of the mat.. ter, since the reference is merely to a supposed case, which has no connection with the reality at the moment when the words are uttered. (Compare Nagelsbach, Stadelmann, Crusius, &c., ad loc.) etIrep yap TeXo6dov ye, K. T. 2. " For though he may have stifled open wrath, indeed, even on the same day, yet at least afterward also does he retain secret resentment in his breast tua-il he may'have NOTES TO BOOk i. 1'1: fulfilled (its dictates)." The particle oppa with the aorist of the subjunctive is here equivalent to donec in Latin with the Futlrlum exacturn. (Niigelsbach, ad loc.)-X6Xlov. By X~6of is meant an out burst of passion, open resentment; by /o6rog, on the other hand, a feeling of secret anger, long harbored in the breast. Compare the Etym. Gud., x62o; 6de olovei Kivatg Xo~X7,? KO crorf c TO'V ro eplKapdiov alaTroc.-c-i2~2L ye. We have given this reading, with Heyne. More recent editors have acU6d re. ad de opdaat. " Do thou therefore consider." Observe here the force of the middle voice. In the active, opd64 means " to speak to or with another;" but in the middle, "to or with one's self," i. c., to consider, to deliberate. —ei ie aauaet. "Whether thou wilt save me (from harm)," i. e., wilt protect me. 85-88. 6apacaafc ciada. "Having taken courage fully."- -eirg 3eowrpo7rtov, K. r. X. 1" Explain the heavenly sign, what thou knowest (it to be)." The heavenly sign here meant is the plague, viewed as an indication of the will of the deity. We have given to 6eo7rp6rToi the meaning assigned to it by Buttmann, who derives the word fronr aok6,; and irpptro in the sense of a7F1uatvw. According to this writec I I K ~:'2':~U~ 2-J !1 NNIiES'I I ); )ul 1. tmeefoie, tle old expression &ebc nperrt nlean-'- a,h!'-.'':,. sBgn." Tile sign sent was called EorrprtIov, and the inreJ'rplele,C it 9eoirp6zoO. (Blllmann, exzzl, vol. i., 19. ) ov p' yap'A7r6u;tova. "No! for by Apollo." The particle o, makes here, in fact, a double, that is, a stronger negation with,)A'rtq in verse 88. —re. " And unto whom."' To be construed with ebX6uevof.-S- eorrpo-riag avaaimveSt. " Revealest his heavenly signs," i. e., explainest their import. The term 9eowrpoiria is the eame in effect as eor'p67rtoov.-E-'i1e ATvroS, Ki. r.. " While I live ana see on earth," i. e., live and enjoy the blessing of sight. Comi pare the Attic O3v Kat fPirrwv, and the Latin vivus vidensque. 89-91. 7rapda.' At." —3apetaq xepaC EirrolaE. "Shall lay heavy hands," i. e., the hand of violence.-obd' t7v EjTr77. "Not even though thou mention," i. e, not even though thou name as the cause of Apollo's anger. The more common construction in piose would be, ovd''Aya/stuvov, 71v Spa ro7070V CtrqT.-do vVv Tro2Lmi0V spltaTOS, K. r. X. " Who professes to be at the present time by far the most powerful of the Greeks." We must be careful not tc render EXEjrat eivat, ".boasts that he is." It is the Latin profitetui esse, and'is explained in Plato (Gorg., p. 449, B.) by iirayy7ea raet, "proclaims himself.'' We have here the plain and simple manners of an early age, where nothing boastful is intended, but an individual merely says of himself what he actually thinks.'" I an; an inspired singer," says the bard. "I am the representative ol Jove," says the monarch. —rroXa6v. Equivalent to irodv', or the Latin multo, long'e. 92-96. dipaoyae. "Took courage." More literally, "became encouraged." Compare XiJoaaro verse 64. —Or' lip'. "Neither, in very truth." The speaker, according to Kiihner, begins an address with oUr' ipa.... OrTE, when he opposes some false view of a mat tcr that has just been taken previously. (G. G., ~ 755. Compare. Hartung, vol. i., p. 431, 444.) ov5' trt;iXovae iSoyarpa. " Nor did he release his daughter." Our form of expression would be, " and whose daughter he released not." —ro eVFC' ap'.' "On this account, namely," i. e., on this very account.'i'he particle spa is heie explanatory, and serves, as it were, to recapitulate what has gone before. (Nagelsbach, Excurs., 8 3.) 97 —100. o0d' oyc 7irpiv, r. r. A2. "Nor will this same deity keep away his licavy hands from the pestilence, before, at least, some ane give back unto her father the maid of the qluick-rolling eye," &e. Observ-e the repetition of spvn, in (,;der t( impart additionai NOTES TO b2O5K 1. t45 force to tne expression; literally, " sooner, sooner at leaot; and observe also the force of ye with the second'rpiv, more freely,' before that, at all events."-XEsipa. Markland-conjeictured Kvpar, but y.eipa.- is more correctly preferred by Heyne, Spitzner, and others. The meaning is, that Apollo will not keep off his hands from serding the pestilence. Compare the analogous form of expression in the Odyssey (xxii., 316), cKad(v i7ro Xecpacg XeaOat. zdr6. Used adverbially here, as usual. No tmesis of awrod6iEvat -66iaEvat. We must supply before this infinitive the indefinite pronoun rivc. Calchas is afraid of naming Agamemnon, though he means him ll the while.-tLuc6K7rd6a. Referring to the quickglancing, flashing eye, that forms so striking a constituent of female beauty, and is indicative also of youth and spirits. 47rptl7'v, avarovotov. "Without price, without ransom." Two adverbs. The absence of the connecting conjunction is here in tended to mark how free the surrender must be. (Niigelsbach, ad loc.)-XpVacgv. Consult note on verse 37.-r6re icEv /tv, E.. " Then, perhaps, after having propitiated, we may persuade him (to save)," i. e., after having propitiated him by the surrender of the maiden, we may prevail upon him, by sacrifices, to remove the pestilence from among us. 101-105. ITroL o' b iy f Eiwv. "This one, indeed, having thus spoken." The particle us (observe the accent) is here again put for oir'c.. — roat. Consult note on verse 58. —/veoS de jt/tya Opgvec, c. r. X. "And his diaphragm, black all around, was greatly filled with anger." By op'vef is. here meant the diaphragm. When the mind is violently agitated by passion, the veins become swoller. with blood, and the eppver are properly said to be jtaeratvae.-6-aae 6d ot lrvpt, K. i.'.. "And his two eyes resembled blazing fire." Literally, " the two eyes for him." —ca'' baao6evor. " Sternly regarding." The verb Scrao/at has also the meaning of foreseeing together with that of prognosticating and foreboding. Hence Butt. mann remarks, that although, in the present passage, the first and most simple signification is certainly that of looking at one sternly or malevolently, yet doubtless acovae6a is chosen as the more expressive word, to show that Agamemnon's look threatened and foreboded evil. (Lexil., s. v.) 106-108. ivrTL icaKSv. "Prophet of ills." Compare the explanaLion of Eustathius: 6 ocaK~ a avrevoyevoc.-O- r Kp9yvo0. " That which was pleasing." The primitive meaning of this term approximates, perhaps, more closely, to "good," "useful." We have given "pleasing," howevey, as more in aecordance with the spirit of the N l 46 NOTES TO BOOK I. paasag:. —aci rot Tia icdi' tart, i 7. t.. "Ever an E - things -lna! are evil dear in mind unto thee to predict," i. e.,, svel dost thoui take delight in divining what is evil. We have adopted here what appears to be the more natural construction. The common mode of rendering is, "ever unto thee is it dear in mind to predict the things that are evil." According to this latter view, oi;La is here for Oi;ov. (Consult Nigelsbach, ad loc.) —rT c&K'. Observe the demonstrative force of r6. More literally, " those things (that are) evil." tEaO22v 6' o, 66i-i ro, iC. 1r. A. "Neither hast thou ever as yet ut. tered any favorable prediction, or done aught that was advantageous (for me)." The commonly-received translation of od6' ir72LeaaaC, "nor brought it to its accomplishment," cannot stand, though sanctioned by the names of Wolf, Heyne, and others; for how can a diviner be said to accomplish his own prediction. (Consult Niigelsbach, ad loc.) 109-115. eox'rpoirev,. "Revealing signs from on high," t. e. pretending to reveal them. Consult note on verse 85. —d 6id. "How that, forsooth." The particle 6d is here ironical, and answers to the Latin scilicet.-Kcovor?? Xpva7ftdoi. "Of the damsel Chryseis," i. e., offered for her.-e'-ared irox; fodoyclat, tr. r. A. " Since much do I wish to have herself at my home." AVTriv is here put in opposition to airotva, and answers to the Latin ipsam, not earn. —:ai y7p pa, x. r. X. "For in very truth I prefer her even to Clytemnestra, my wedded wife." The particle tal must be joined in construction with the proper name. —,rpo6Edov2a. Observe the force of the perfect here. Literally, "I have preferred, and I continue to prefer."-s-tovpl6i7g. The Homeric adjective tcovpid[to does not mean " youthful," as many render it, but " wedded;" and is opposed to the union between master and slave, or to concubinage.-(Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.) -rreC oV E'Ov, ic. r. ". Since she is not inferior to her, either in person or in mien, either, again, in mind, or at all in accomplishments," i. e., or in any accomplishments.-IeOv. The accentuation of this pronoun in the greater number of editions -is erroneously given as MOev. The law is correctly laid down by Spitzner: " Si personna tertice pronomina Eo, EV, Oyev, ad eum ipsum, de quo sermo est, referuntur, tenor in iis subsistit, sin ad alium quempiam pertinent, in. clinatur." In the present instance, therefore, since KEOv refers not to Chryseis, but to Clytemnestra, it becomes an enclitic. dear.. By 6d#ag appears to be here meant, in strictness, the de, velopement of the frame; by ovO, on the other hand, the symmetry, or proportion of the difefTent parts to one ano-ttxer tl.e natural ait NOTES TO BOOK 1,- 14'i or carriage. Voss, in his review of Heyne's edition, states the di; ference between the two terms very accurately: " Weder aln Leibcswuchs, noch an Bildung," meaning by the latter expression, "an schiinem Verhiiltniss dieses Wuchses." (Usteri, Wolf Vorles, vol. i., p 87.)-or7' up. The particle ip is here employed to carry on, and give a new view to, the enumeration; just as we would say ilt English, " nor then again." —pya. By hpyac are here meant accomplishments in the Homeric sense of the term, namely, such as were of a domestic nature, especially those appertaining to the loom. 116-120. &iUa Kai s3g. " And yet even thus," i. e., even though the case stand thus, and she be so beautiful and accomplished.-'8.6'o. "I am willing.". —-rd2v. " Back," i. e., to her father. Consult note on verse 59. —oy'. " This particular course." Observe the limiting force of ye. —,oAo/at. 1" I wish rather." This verb, when followed by a, has frequently the force of fiofoptat udcR.Xov, or the Latin malo.-ahr'ip Eloi ygpac, ic. r. A. "But prepare ye straightway (another) reward for me, that I may not alone," &c The, particle av7idp is poetic, and has the same force -as aXL, or 6i, in prose, denoting a difference and opposition. —luoi. Observe the employment of the emphatic form of the pronoun. —o5pa. For Zva oioc. "Alone." Not to be confounded with oioy, "such as." heret oh~ eoLKe. " Since that is not fitting either." Observe the force of oti6'. While, on the one hand, it is not right for Agame;nnon to retain a prize that involves the ruin of his followers, so, or, the other, it is not fitting either that he alone, the leader of the ex;.pedition, should be without a reward. — /oet yipac efpxe'rat' i73. " That my prize is going in another direction," i. e., than was originallv intended. That another is about to take it from me. The allunion is to the surrender of the daughter into the hands of her father.-o. The neuter of the relative of stands here, by Homeric usage, for hr-. (Matthiea, ~ 486, 3.) —hiLu. An adverb, and incorrectly written with the subscript t, as is shown by the Doric form:iXA2C. Most adverbs with the dative (or locative) flection express not only the relation of rest (dativus localis), but also the direction whither, as in the present instance. (Kiihner, Q 571, An. 3.). 122-124.'Ar'pei7h icvhdtare,.c. r... "Son of Atreus, most conspicuous for thy station, most greedy of all men." The rapacious spirit of Agamemnon does not destroy his claim to official respect In the simple language of an early age, both qualities are mention ed, without any actual clashing of the one epithet with the other. - irzi yhp rot, K. 7.. "' (Why talk in this way!) for how shall the Aigh-soi.led Greeks give thee a reward?" i. e., why talk of anothes 148 NOTEkS'10 LOO i.,t., e! for how shall the host be able now to give thee one'The particle yap is here, as oftet; elsewhere, elliptical, and refers to something preceding, and to be supplied. oe6e ri TTrov e dLu, K. r. 2. "Neither do we at all know of any quantity of presents lying any where in common," i. e., remaining any where undivided. We may supply with rroaJtd either Xpv5ipara or y'pa. Observe the very delicate use of the particle obEdi. Ne.'ther, if the Greeks should even deem it right for thee to have anl other prize, are they now possessed of the means of bestowing one. -7't. Many editors read ov6' re% 7rov. We have given, however, the lection of Spitzner, which is more in accordance with Homeric usage. 125-126. dxaad ria j!ev' rroyiov, K. r. A. 1" But those things, indeed, (which) we once obtained by sacking from cities, these. have been divided." More literally, "(which) we once sacked from cities." Observe here the peculiar~ employment of the demonstrative, as sa voring of the simplicity of the early language before the relative was as yet commonly employed.'It is.the same as if we were to say in Englisah, "that we plundered, that we:have divided." Compare the English version of Scripture, " take that thine is." iMatth., Kx., 14.) —r d6deaarat. Observe that there is no di in this clause, answering to /tRv in the preceding one, because Liev has there a strong affirmative force, which is carried out still farther in i, 4 -,aarat.::kaoi-'S e. irc EeotIce, K. r. A. "And it is not fitting. that the perpie heap ul) these gathered back,".i. e., gather these back from thein previous possessors, and heap them up preparatory to a second distribution'.Observe in Errayeipetv the. force of btri in composition, " to gathp.r upon," i. e., to heap one upon the other, and compare the. Germian an in anhiuRfen. -raXiX2aoya. More literally, " selected back." Tie idea involved is that of going around unto all who had received.prizes, picking these out from among their other possessions, and bringing. them back to some general place of deposit preparatory to a new division of the-same. 127-129.'r vse ie. 7rp6e. " Send on this (maiden) out of rever. ence toward the god," i. e., and propitiate the god by so doing. Observe the force of 7rpo in 7rp6sr. "Send forward,"' "send onward to her home." Compare note on verse 3, 7rpota~pev. —adroritaoev "Will recompense (thee)." More literally, "will pay thee back." There is no need, when thus translating literally, of our supplying -aVvde here' with special reference to Chryseis. The poet merely nas in view the general idea of loss sustained by Agamenino. without any rtore particular allusion. NOTES 1'0 BOOK I. i 49 at Xe'roOe Zesg 65oct. " If Jove, perchance, ever grant (unto us)'. Observe:the employment here of at for et, as indicating a latent wish that things may turn out so. Compare note on verse 66. -w7ro6tv Tpoinv e)reeo,1eOV. "The well-walled city, Troy." Not'rpoi7/, as we find with rrro2leOpov, nor Tpoiyv of three syllables, as Aristarchus and Herodian maintain. (Consult Spitzner, ad loc.) 131-132. Mi d' ovir-a, K;. 1. XA. "Now do not thus, godlike Achilles, oecause thou art an exceedingly clever man, conceal (thy real senti ments) in mind; since thou wilt not overreach nor persuade me." The term 6dya066 is here "clever," or " skilful," not " brave," as it is commonly rendered.-rrep. Not to be taken here in the sense of quamds, a meaning which it often elsewhere has with the participle, but with the force of valde. It is the same, therefore, as the Latin per, in such expressions as 1"pergrata perque jucunda," "2per mi, i mirum visum est."-&Ev. To be taken " causaliter." KXErreT v6. The object of the verb is not named, but may be easily supplied by the mind. The verb Ic2,rro here is the same as furtim occulto.-7rape2e6'aeat. A metaph(. oorrowed from the race, in which one competitor runs by, or outstrips another. Hence to overreach, to outwit. 133-134. M Ee~ety, o6p' ar7b, K. r. 1. "Dost thou wish that thou thyself have a prize, but for me to be sitting thus in want of ore." The interrogative meaning of ~ arises very naturally from its original disjunctive force: "(am I wrong in my surmise), or dost thou wish," &c.-o p' airro CxV. The construction of 6opa with the subjune tive, followed by the accusative with the infinitive, after a verb of wishing like IE2eo, has excited some surprise on the part of commentators. The truth is, however, that o6pa with'nc1 is intended to mark the purpose or object in a more emphatic manner than ordinary, and therefore this construction is expressly employed. averw. A difference of opinion exists with regard to the:proper form of this adverb. Buttmann, following Damm and Heyne, maintains that it ought always to be written aircoc, with the aspirate. Hermann, on the other hand, is decidedly in favour of ar)Cw with the lenis, and his decision appears the more correct one. In the present passage it means, "thus," or "even as you now see me," and answers to hoc ipso modo in Latin. (Herm., Opusc., vol. i., p.')8, 341.-Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.) 135-139. 2a2t'. "Well, thcn."-d-aovat eypac. Supply uot. — cpaavTre Ktcar' 1vIOv, Ic. r. X2. " Having adapted it to my mind, sc that it shall be a full equivalent, (all will be right)." Ihe ellipsis after earal may be supplied as follows: WrLI.ra KaaCd AEt. This non N 2 15|0 NOTES TO BOOK r. struction forms what grammarians call aX/ia avavra7rodorov.-.B., ajtov. Equal in value to the one which I shall have lost; namely to Chryseis. ei:y) 6d KEv arToC ieoaLt, IK. r.;.. Then, in that event, will I in person, having gone, seize either thine or Ajax's prize, or having taken, will lead away that of Ulysses." Briseis had fallen to the share of Achilles, Tecrnessa to Ajax, and Laodice, daughter of Cycnus, to Ulysses. Agamemnon threatens that he will come and bear away any one of these whom he pleases. —'OdvaioaS cui EC')v. T'he excitement under which the speaker labors leads him here into a kind of repetition. This is in accordance with the character of early eloquence, where the main idea is continually brought forward and dwelt upon. The change from the middle acoyatL to the active A.2.'v is particularly wo th observing. o 6 deRv KeXOLcjaEraL. a " And that one shall long be angry," Z. e., shall have cause for lasting resentment. The exercise of authority on the part of the speaker shall be so galling in its nature as long to be remembered. Obseive the continuance of action expressed by the third future. The particle cev has reference to the same particle in the second clause: in case Agamemnon shall have come unto any one, in that event this one shall have occasion long to be angry. —ov sev. "Unto whomsoever." 140-142. lT7raopaa'uea0a IKa' avrtc-. "We will deliberate upon even hereafter." Observe here the force of?era in composition, t "we will consider among ourselves," i. e., I will take into my own consideration.-c-ai aCrtC. Literally, "even again," i. e., at some other time. —vsa pe2uatvav. Heyne refers this to the action of the air and water in blackening the sides of the ship; but Wolf, with more propriety, to some color or preparation laid over the timbers to protect them from the atmosphere, &c. It was probably a mixtore of wax and pitch. (Compare Jliiller, Archiol., Q 320, 3.)' kpv6aao/Ev. For tpVaoitev. "Let us draw." The ships were drawn up on the shore when a voyage was ended,, and drawn down again when one was to be commenced.-d&av. To be rendered here "boundless." Literally, "divine." The idea of boundless extent and vast energy is here transferred from the deity to one of the noblest of his works. —i 6' Eyetipo/Lev. "And let us collect and put into it." Observe that ydeipo/ev is for aYEPujptEev. The employ nent of the adverb.s supplies, as it were, the place of a second verb. Corrpare the explanation of Nigelsbach: " Colleclos remiges imjponamus in navem." —ErtT7l6hf. "As many as are proper." A neuter in -er, attached adverbially to ayEipouev, here supplies the N3TES TO BOO Ix. 151 fame secibe as its adjective would give if joined to }ptrar in the accusative plural. (Bullmnann, Lexil., s. v.) —8ireci76V. Consult rotn on verse 315. 143-145. ie6io[Uev. For ~i/ev. —dv de p3cowev. " And up let us cause to go," i. e., up the sides of the vessel. More freely, " let us put on board." Observe here the causative meaning in pioouev (which is for pfaioev). In other words, pfroy/ev comes from the old stem-form isto, " to cause to go," the middle future of which is oorrowed by Naivw. The signification here given, however, is con5ined to the Tonics and poets. —avrv. " Herself." Referring to Chryseis, who is thus placed in opposition tot kxa-6r'6. —elt -tr. " Some one," i. e., one, whoever he may be. —oT''6voavri5. Compare Glossary verse 7, dlow. 146-147. niU r6. "Or eventhou."-i}KrayAorar'. "Most formida. ble." The literal meaning of E'cray2Log is "striking," "terrible," and the root is Jlcrr2ayivat, the first 2. being dropped for the sake of euphony. This would make the primitive form to have been fCr/r2ayXog.; (Buttmann, G. G., p. 290, Robinson's transl.) The epithet ieicray26rare is not to be taken here in an ironical sense. It is rather a surly admission of the possession of distinguished qualities. 12,6acreat. For ti5orv-na. —epa pErsac. "Having offered sacrifices.' More literally, "having performed sacred things." Compare the analogous use offacio in Iatin: " Qum fatiam vitulhl pro frugilmu' I'v. EeClog., iii., 773. 152 NOTik ES TO BOOK I. 148-151. Cov. Depending in construction on rpzSE 71 —cSnGdpi ii4v. "Having sternly eyed." — yot. "Ah!" The exclamation of one stung with indignation. Observe the accentuation. The in. terjection di has a twofold accent, namely, the circumflex in the sense of calling, &c., that is, before the vocative; but the acute or grave when employed as an exclamation, that is, before the other cases. —avat6ediv t'tetueve. "Man clothed with shamelessness (as with a garment)." Similar metaphorical expressions are not un fiequent in Holy Writ. Compare Psalm xxxiv., 26; cix., 18, 29, &.c. —-Kepa2e6vpov. "Lusting after gain." —roc 7reatv. "Thy orders." Literally, "orders for thee." Equivalent to T reat cole'. o66ov E209uevat. " To go on any expedition," i. s., any plundering expedition. Literally, " to go along the way," i. e., to go marauding. and seizing whatever they may fall in with. We have here one of the usual aspects of early warfare. The other is expressed by vwpdattv ilt aLxeoOat, warfare in the battle-field. Achilles, therefore, asks how any one of the Greeks can willingly engage in either of these., for the sake of a monarch who will always appropriate to himself the best part of the plunder, and even take away from others what belongs of right to them; and who, on the otlhr hand, wvill requite exertions in the battle-field with the basest ingratitude. The view which we have here given of the phrase 0dbiv LsOgievat is not, however, the one generally adopted. The ancient commentators refer the expression to the going into, or laying an ambuscade; while some of the more recent German critics, such as Niicgelsbach and Stadelmann, give the phrase a general meaning, as applicable to any going forth (" Gang," im allgemeinen), as, for example, an embassy. Both these explanations appear inferior. 152-157. ov yap eyd, Kt. T. A. "(I will not, for one), for I came not hither," &c. Observe the elliptical force of yap, requiring something to be supplied like what we have here inserted. —pot alrtot. " In fault toward me," i.., the authors of any injury unto. mte.-ov -trrore. n" Never as yet." —2eaaav. " Drove they away." ~dovId'evs. "Nor yet." The meaning is that they did not ever. drive away his horses, although these were much more tempting,bjects of plunder, and more frequently carried off than cattle. Ept6d2,alct, flortavetpy,. "Deep of soil, aurse of heroes." It is more in accordance with the spirit of the tlomec poems to translate the epithets separately from the noun.-By Phthia is meant the native district of Achilles in Thessaly, forming part of the larger district of Phthiotis.-S-rei i jtzda -roftac, i. T. A2. " Since both very many shade-covered mountains, indeed, (lie) netweear" &c NOl'ES TO BOOKR 1. 15 We La te given t irjei q, with Spitzner, T'h.ersch, and Bothe, in prel erence to irreti', the reading of Heyne and Niigelsbach. It is fa: more CEmphatic, and avoids, besides, the abbreviation i7relv, in the middle of a word. (T/Liersch, G. G., ~ 149.)-aKtevra. ReferiIng to mountains clothed with forests, and therefore covered with shade; not mountains casting a shade around them.'58-160. &YXa ao[. Not e2&Xxa aot, since ao~ has the emphasis.X dy' &vatrdeS. "0 truly shameless man." Literally, "greatly shameless."-_it' o&ar6eO'. The verb wromjat is found very frequently, in Homer, in connection with coca and BerTS. In this there is nothing pleonastic, but it is because the primitive meaning of x;ru refers, not to. any following after another, but to the being employed upon (cnr) any matter in obedience to, or under the control or influence of another. —ijpa av xaipc. The subjunctive is frequently used, although the preceding verb be in past time, when the verb which depends upon the conjunction denotes an action which is continued to the present time. (Matthiae, ~ 518, 1.) rtv dipvevot.-'.' Seeking to obtain satisfactions" By rttli is here meant a penalty, amercement, or fine, which the Trojans were to pay, independently of the restoration of Helen. —KvvS7ra. "Thou Jog-faced one." More literally, "dog-eyed." The dog was with the ancients the type of impudence and shameless effrontery. —rdt oh Luerarpenr7, i. r. T. ". Which things thou not at all regardest noi carest for." T)v for l(v. The literal force of ueTaTrpE7reOat is " to turn one's self toward any thing," " to turn one's self and go after it." 161-164. Keat d. "And now, forsooth," —/zot. To be construed with &ireeteL, not with 4~a'pa?-qeaaOa. "Thou threatenest me, to my very face." —arbc. " That thou, with thine own hands," i. e., that tnou in person. Observe the employment of the nominative with the infinitive, and consult note on verse 77.-Mi Eir. " For which." In later Greek, IE' &.-6-Sav de6 uoo, i. r.T. "And the aons of the Greeks gave (it) to me." Commonly, but incorrectly, rendered, " and (which) the sons of the Greeks gave to me." Cru. sius falls into this error, making G6cav Eu stand here for o Mfoaav. The true principle is stated in the note on verse 79. o ur.v raoi rore, Kt. r. A. " Never, indeed, have I a prize equal to thee, whenever the Greeks may have sacked any well-inhabited town of the Trojans," i. c., any town of Troas. Observe here the employment of IoX in the present, in order to bring the action more fully before the eyes. Heyne'and others, with less propriety assigi. here to Xoc a future signification, and make Tporv w'roI.aUoi rezei to Troy itself.-doi laov. According to the usage of tn.wariier wmn 154 NOTES TO BOOK t. guage, tLe personal pronoun is here employed, where we woulda u pect the possessive. Compare the somewhat analogous usage in Livy: "Supra Coclites Muciosque id facinus esse' (ii., 13); and, again, " Jovis Solisque equis ozquipararz dictatorem" (v., 23). 165-168. 2Xac T r' u6e qtrECov, Kc. r.:2. "Yet the greater part ct harassing warfare my hands despatch; while if at any time," &c. More literally, " my hands are busied upon." Consult note on verse 158. —rneiov. Supply tzpof. —aot ro ylpaf. " Unto thee (devolves) that prize (which is)." Supply EaTi with aol. —boyoyv re PqtIov rE. O" ne both small and dear," i. c., small, but yet not the less dear o z that account. Compare the explanation of Nigelsbach: "Klein, aber nichts desto weniger lieb." Wolf cites Od., vi., 208. ddoif;Vsyn rE q0i2/,e, a gift small, indeed, but yet acceptable, since one perceives that it is well meant. —iTriv cecad/o) 7roLe/i'(ov. To be construed immediately after'y' 6'. 169-171. vfv 6' e/L zI,6inv6'. "Now, however, I will go to Phthia," i. e, I will return to my home. Consult note on verse 155.-el/tu The present indicative of this verb is used in a future sense frequently by Homer, and invariably by the Attic writers.-E-Trei V. Consult note on verse 156. —abv vyvai lcopwvio-v. "; With my ships of bending sterns," i. e., of curved or rounded sterns. The sterns of ancient vessels, as may be seen in the representations that have come down to us, were much rounder than the prow. This rounding was called iopwvyw, from which is formed the adjective Kopwcvin. Compare Hesychius: Kroocv[6f.. Kaurrv2Pdovuvot vder. Consult also, Kbppen, ad loc. oi6 oa' o"o(, S. r. 2. "Nor do I think that I, being (thus) unhon ored, will obtain abundance and wealth here for thee." There is considerable doubt respecting the true sense of this passage. Every thing depends on the question whether the oc in aol can be elided by apostrophe, since, if the answer be in the affirmative, the translation which we have given will be correct; whereas, if a' is to be taken for ac, afrevEtv must be referred to Agamemnon, and,TrLOfC &Rv taken either as a nominative absolute. or else in close connection with by6, the nominative (not expressed) to 6ttJ. Tr.t weight of authority seems to be in favor of making a' here to be apostrophized from ao[, while Bentley and others propose, as a sort of middle course, to read cot ouo. (Consult Lobeck ad Soph., Ajac., 191; Buttman'ns, Ausf. Spr., Q 30, 6; Heyne ad 11., vol. vii., p. 401; Spitzner, Excurs., xiii., ad Hornm., li.,, 3, p. xxxix; Kiihner, G. G., S 33, 3.) B4evo. This word, according to Butt'. nn (Lexil., s v.), Implhefe NOTES TO BC OK 1.' 153 nothing more than the s mple idea of the wealth and abund&:nce in whh;cl a person is living. Its adjective is 46veto6g.-dqvELtv. The primitive meaning of~ a0vda is " to draw,"' to draw from a larget Into a smaller receptacle;" hence " tod obtain," " to acquire general' ty." If the form api&2eaOat had been employed, this would have been an argument in favor of a' for as, and would have referred to Agamemnon; whereas aqve'1iv indicates acquiring or obtaining fol another, not for one's self, and must relate to Achilles. 173-175. 0eyE FuX', c. 7. ". "Desert by all means, if thy spirit has been incited (to that course) for thee," i. e., if thy spirit has prompted thee to such a course. Observe here the peculiar force of OeVye, and the contemptuous idea connected with it. —d?'. N/ - gelsbach makes uccXa equivalent here to K:a2i Xlv, and explains it by "so sehr du magst," i. e., " by all the means in thy power." —eyoye. " I, for my part." —-rap' tuocys Kac ioc;{ Kr. X. ". "For me, indeed, there are even others present, who will probably honor me." Observe that here qrrp' is for ripeeat, as Wolf maintains, and as we nave indicated by the accent. Heyne reads 7rap''otLye, making Tajp' the preposition, or, Homerically speaking, the adverb, and unslerstanding, of course, eiai. But an ellipsis here is at variance with the strong idea intended to be conveyed. —zotye. Observe here the force of ye, "for a man such as I am," " for a man of my rank in the host."' —e rtpjaovac. The particle iK' or E'v (the prose av), when joined with the future indicative, designates as only probable that which the future alone would declare decidedly to be about to happen. In the present instance, however, this expression of probability subserves the purposes of irony. Agamemnon says, "' There are others, I think, who will honor me," when he knows very well that they will certainly do so. 176-177. eOtarTog 61 poi iagt. Not opposed to daaot in verse 174,:.ut a continuation of the thought expressed in odoe a' Elywye afarTo1at. —AtorpeE0pv. This epithet designates monarchs as peculiar objects of care unto Jove, and calls in a religious feeling to strengthen their political powcr.-'-ptc' r-E fi2. Observe that tplc is here placed first, in order to show that Achilles was fonder of wrangling than even of warfare. This, of course, is intended as a bitter sareasm. 178-181. ei. " Even. if."-e.o6f ro u aro r7oy' &GKoev. " Some deity, I think, gave thee this." The particle wvot is here equivalent to the prose 6dsjrov, or the Latin opinor.'-af. For aao7. —Mvp. SldL6veaatv avaaae. " Keep ruling orer thy Myrm dons," i. e., keep -uling over thy own immediate subjects, for they alone are worth) 156 NOTES TO fVUK 1. of having such a prince. Do not think to rule over us here. —Oix serve the employment of the dative here to denote continuance The Mvrmidons were a Thessalian tribe, on the southern borders of that corintry. atiev 6' ey,~ ovh' C62eyic, c.. R. 1" Thee, indeed, I regard not. Uk)r care for, though angry." The verb 60oiat, according to Butt. ~iann, has for it. radical idea that of shyness or timidity. (LevTl., tol. i., p. 270.) — 6c7reLXae 6de. The particle d6 has here the meanng of " still, however." 182-187. 6a. " Since." —abv vWit'?7,-, K. r. A. "With both my own shir and my own companions," i. e., in both my own ship.trapotacv His more immediate followers are meant. — yo &6 Kc' ty', K. T... "But I, having gone myself to thy tent, will in all probability lead away the fair-cheeked Briseis, that prize of thine," i. e., thy owr. reward. Observe here the difference between iru't and K' aye. The former denotes something that will certainly take place; the latter, something that will probably be done. -Bptad6a. We have followed custom in calling this female Briseis. The true meaning of the term, however, is "the daughter of Brises." Her real name was Hippodameia, and she was made captive by Achilles at the sack of Lyrnessus. (Compare book ii., 689; Tzetzes ad Lycophr., 299.) aTvyn,. "May dread." Literally, "may hate." Compare the remark of Heyne: "Est autemrn rvyeI, hoc loco, simpliciter vercra Apollon., Lex., ierti ro6 qbo6eL6aCO."-Liaov ie'oi a'Oat;ac K. r. X. ". To call himself equal to me, and to liken himself openly unto me." Some give a different turn to the first part of this clause, making it refer to the claiming of equal freedom of speech with Agamemnon (Y aRGC /iuo'i X7Yev. Bekker, Paraphr.). The explanation, however, which we have adopted is far simpler, and is also more in unison with what follows. Compare the following, as given by one of the scholiasts: 0aLoat Eaav7rov elvat iaov u#oi.L —uo otaOFeuvat. The passive with a middle signification. —vr~vv. More literally, "to my (very' face." 188-192. iXyor rtver'. "Indignant grief arose."-i-v d6 ol,irop, r. T. ". "And his heart within, i n his hairy bosom, meditated in two ways," i. e., between two courses. Observe the adverbial force of Ev. —ari6eaat 2auciot-c. A hairy breast is here, as with us, the sign of manhood,- and of the full c evelopment of physical powers.11 6ye. " Whether he." -A beautiful use of ye with the demonstrative. The heart, within t.e bosom of the hero, deliberates whethei this one namely, the hero to whom that heart belongel, should NOTES TO BOOK i. 157 pursue this coursc or that. Hence, Inrsuch cases, where a kind ol recapitulating power is assigned to the pronoun and particle in combination, the form 6ye has somewhat of the force of a66iro. roiV zEv avaarvQetZev. "Should:nake these, indeed, rise up (from their seats)," i. e., should drive them from their seats.'By roV'S are meant the assembled princes and leaders of the host, and the demon. strative becomes, with reference to these. beautifully graphic. —6'.'And whether he." The form o (J'. which seems at first super. luous after iye, is nevertheless required here as a necessary opposition to'rovit yv. —ife X06ov xravetev. {. -r. A. " Or whether hp should even cause his wrath to cease, and restrain his feelings." Observe the force of the active voice in:rejeterv. The middle would be, " should cause himself to cease," i. e., should cease. 193-196. iCd 6ye raved' DpuLatve, it. r. X. "While he was deliberating upon these things in his mind and in his soul, and was drawing," &c. We have adopted here the reading proposed by Bentley (E'Cu 6ye to be pronounced oi.c 6ye), as both simple in its character. and in accordance with the Homeric idiom. The common text has eon 6, making an amphibrach. In order to avoid such a foot as this in dactylic measure, Clarke supposes that Ewo O6 is to be pronounced rapidly, as if forming Oawo, or aueo. Heyne, on the other hand. thinks that the pronunciation ought to be o dT OTravO', doubling the initial letter of the succeeding word. Knight deduces htc~ from the ancient digammated form IFoc, and contends that the first syllable is sometimes long and sometimes short. Hermann is of opinion that, in such cases as the present, we must read eoco, an earlier form for etwc, Homer having preferred setir with its final syllable shortened, to the ordinary hog. (Elem. Doctr. Metr., i., 10, p. 58.) Thiersch coincides in this view of the subject. (G. G., p. 221.) Spitzner endeavors to explain the difficulty on the principle of accentuation (De Vers. Grcec. Heroic., p. 82), while Wolf ranks all such anomalies under the head of "lectiones tolerabiles" (Praf. ad Hom. Nov. Ed., p iv.) Williams, again, the author of a treatise on the Versifica-'ion of Homer, adopts Bentley's reading, as we have done, and nakes this passage one of the sources of argument in favor of his "Theory of the Particles' in Homer. (Versif. of Homer, p. 12. wtqq.) sGpysrve. The verb odpaivw, according to Buttmann, always occurs with the idea of reflection, of deliberating what to do; out generally, as might be expected from the stem or root op/_av, ac companied by a quickness or warmth of feeling. (Lexil., vol. i), p. 1.) —cara 4p.va Kna Kara' &OvO6v. C mpare the explanation of teo TO 1 58 NOTES TO BOOK I. s~holiast: Opeva (dp7ol) rbv?oyiact6v, Ov/Obv 6' To &ILutIOV - l- i Ats A. beautifil use of the imperfect, the prolonged action, whiclr it ex. piesses, denoting the calming influence of reflection as it steals over and soothes an excited spirit. This same idea, indeed, appears to tie allegorized (if we 1 lay talk of allegories in Homer) by the dea;ert. of Minerva. 2AOe rd'AOvy. " That instant, then, came Minerva." Observe he use of- the aorist in denoting instantaneous action, and also the,orce of the particle d6 (" then," " thereupon").-7rpo }Kce. "Sent her fortlh." Observe the adverbial force of irp6, and compare note on verse 3, and also on verse 25. —76doyEvq -re. There ought to be no comma before this clause.; Such a stop is erroneously placed there by those who make cjdouZgvV govern a genitive (Js/oZv or avTrSv) understood. But verbs of caring are not unfrequently joined with the accusative as transitives, and Kl6o/thv?1, therefore, refers back to ai/Lo along with oltXUovaa. (Bernhardy, Wiss. Synt., p. 176; Kiihner, ~ 53.3, 1.) 197-198. ari 6'. A" She took her station thereupon." Minerva's descent from the skies, and her entering the tent and taking her station behind Achilles, are instantaneous acts. —avO6y ic'7g~. "By a lock of his auburn hair." Observe the employment of the genitive 4as indicating a part. The accusative fTlu[eicva, on the other hand, shows that the whole man was brought under the influence of the goddess, and his whole attention aroused. —o0r. "To him alone." — rWv 6' ad2Ycov. The artkicle 6e is here equivalent to y&;, and 9atvctutvr should, therefawre, have a comma, not a colon after it.pi-ro. " Saw her."'oamer always uses the middle of opdco in an active signification. 199-201. JeraT 6' & arver'. "And turned around." More literally, " turned himself qIfter," (i. c., in the direction of) the one who was grasping oiip hair from behind.-nyvw. "He recognized."-. 6e6vf le ot 06 O. dv4aVev. "Dreadful, thereupon, did her eyes apaear to hlim," i e., fearfully shone the eyes of the goddess. The ancieants assigned to Minerva a bright, piercing, brilliant eye, of a i'gldt bluish-gray color, as indicated by the epithet y2eavgin'tr.-6aere. 9epp~ly a6e~'~,. The reference is to the eyes of Minerva, not to those of AchiAleS. Compare, as regards the bright-glowing eyes here as. aigne4 to' the goddess, the language of Virgil (XEn., v. 647): "divini r~qna 4decoris, Ardentesque notate oculos."-i're z Trrepoevra. 5'Winged wordls." The epithet 7rrepoEvra carries wit 1 it not on'y the idea o1 swiftness, but also that of flying forth from the lips.- -iv. ipoCrivda He addressed unto her." Observe that iroocvna has 1 ere twt NOTES TO BOOh. J15, eonurativc.s3 depending upon it, namely, jurt and errea. The former of these connects it closely with the adverbial -rp'J,. 202-203. rimr' avr'. "Why, then, again 1" rTIrr' is Lere for r, tore, and answers to the Latin quid tandem, "why, then," "why, pray." The particle aire implies some previous visit on the part ct the goddess, probably in some previous moment of excitement on the part of Achilles.-reicoS. "Offspring," i. e., daughter. —O ivit Hian. " Is it that thou mayest see." i. e., mayest be a witness unto. As regards the interrogative force of r7, consult note on verse 133. 204-205. ai7X' iic rot Epiow. "But I will declare to thee openly." Observe here the force of autpi. It is the same as saying, Grossly indeed has he insulted me, but dearly shall he pay for it.-E-i. Otserve the adverbial force of this word. As before remarked, there is no tmesis here; and yet ifepwO occurs in book viii., 286. —Ep&e. The future, from the present edip, which, in the sense of "I say," is epic. —ro Jd KaZ TreaEEcOat bio. 1" And I think that this (which I am going to declare) will even be accomplished." Observe the demonstrative force of r6. —reatesaat. This form of the future occurs also elsewhere, as in book ii., 36, 156, and especially in the Odyssey (i., 201; iii., 226; iv., 664, &c.). The common text has Tere2e7a6at, which Heyne, Wolf, and others very properly reject, following in this the authority of Aristarchus. The objection to rereLEaSOal is, that it is not common with Homer to use the perfect for the future The only way of saving TreTEa6eat (and this, too, is a very doubtful process) is, as Heyne remarks, to deduce it from -r-eLeoyuat as -1 present, changing the place of the accent to the antepenult. o vi~reporri-e[t 7-4X' av, ic. T. 2. 1" By his acts of arrogance shall he at some early period or other, in all probability, lose his life." Observe the combined force of the particles raxa and -oro, the former implying that a thing will soon take place, while the latter shows that the particular time is uncertain. Observe also the force of c1 with the subjunctive, denoting something uncertain, indeed, but highly probable.-V-r-epow~igalt. The idea of arrogance lies at the basis of this word, as is shown by Buttmann (Lexil., vol. ii., p. 215). TIle plural is employed here, moreover, with reference to various preceding acts of arrogance on the part of Agamemnon, all which go to form the general character of v7reponr2ia, as expressed by the sin. gular. (Consult Roth, Excurs. ad Tac. Agric., p. 112; and Niigels. bach, Excurs., xx., "Die Mletonymischen Plurale.") 206-208. r7y 6' a-re. "Hirn, then, in turn." —aek yeaVKc'7rzr "The bright-eyed goddess." The epithet 2Xav!KcCdrt indicates prop erly an eye of a bluish-gray like that of the cat or the owl The corn ltO 1'NOTES ro 0ooi. mon translation, however, of "blue-eyed" does niot cJnvey its meaning with sufficient clearness, since it does not express the as sociate idea of brightness. The eye assigned to the goddess of wis dom among the Greeks was one of a bluish-gray, bright and piercing, the gra f colour preponderating over the blue. Compare the remarks of I)onaldson on the adjective yXavuto6. (New Cratylus, p. 559.) QAov lye. " I have come this instant." Observe here the force of the aorist in denoting instantaneous actions; and also the emphaic; employment of the personal pronoun.-r- a'aovaa i-ro' a3vvoc. " To cause this excitement of thine to cease." Consult note on ver;e 192.-at KHe 7rOyat. " If, perchance, thou wilt obey (me)." More literally, "wilt persuade thyself (to follow my directions)." Observe the employment of at for ei, implying a wish, on the part of the gcd. dess, that Achilles would listen to her monitions. Consult note on verse 66. —ovpavo6ev. The position of this word in the sentence is worth noting. It is brought in last, in order to add full force, together with the accompanying gesture, to all that precedes. 210-211. O/r6e X;KtEO. "Nor be drawing."-xetpi. Not a mere poetic appendage, as Wolf explains it, but uttered, as the gramma rians term it, 6etlrciCtc5, that is, Minerva points, while using thlt word, to the hand of Achilles, as it still rests on the hilt of his sword -ame;?' Tro0 17reatv eLkv 6veiatoi.', ic. 7. X. 2 "But yet reproach him in words just as it shall be," i. c. just as thev shall happen to ocu? 1i ?oOrEs To BOOK i. N, tiee.'The particle', 7; is here employed t( indicate (orlcession (Nagelsback, Excurs:, ii., Q I?.) 212-214. lUep&,. "Will I declare openly." Compare, with regard to this verb, and also the expression t-ii &, following immediately after, the note on verse 204. —Katca Terer3eTuvov Ceral. " Shall even be accomplished." Minerva speaks here like a deity,.but Achilles, in verse 204, like a mere mortal, who only expresses his opinion aa;o the future.-Kay iror rot, cr. A. a. "Hereafter, even thrice so xr:any splendid gifts shall be present unto thee," i. e., shall be presented unto thee. Alluding to the future reconciliation of the two chieftains.-laXeo. "Restrain thyself."-'-u7v. Referring to herself and Juno. 216-218. Xp7 I pye acotrep6v ye, K. T. A. ",It behooves me, 0 goddess, to observe the mandate of you two in particular," i. e., of you two at least, if of no other of the gods. The allusion here is to previous acts of favor shown toward him by these two deities, to whom, of course, he ought to be particularly grateful and obedient. —aut-,'Epov. Formed from he dual aii', and therefore possessing a dual force. The old grammarians took o'bwtrrpov, by a strange kind of enallage, as equivalent merely to re6r, and referring to Minerva alone! (Etym. Mag., s. v.) Buttmann thinks that the poet (or reciter, as he terms him) intentionally chose this form, which the ear so seldom met with, in order to make it at once perceptible that Achilles intended only the two goddesses, who were in this case the sole agents; although afterward (v. 218), by a very natural transition to a more general mode of expression, he speaks of all the deities collectively. (Lexil., vol. i., p. 52.) etlpcaccOat. The primitive meaning of tpvietv is "to draw;" in the middle voice, " to draw to one's self," " to draw for one's self," &c. It is thus applied, in its middle signification, to the drawing of a dead body, in battle, toward one's:self, to get it into a place of safety, whether it be the body of a friend or a foe. From this idea of dragging from amid a crowd of enemies comes the general idea of " to sav!e," whence arises the collateral meaning of " to keep," " to obseuVe,"'"to watch" that which has thus been dragged away; and hence we have the more general idea of " to observe, keep, or obey," on any.occasion.-(Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.) cai jtitLa rtCp, i. r. 2. "Even though greatly incensed in soul," t. e., however much incensed. —d.. For o Eitrv. —itElvov. Supply a7ri. —-o KE. ",Whosoever." —Sacra r' Cx2ivov acroi. "Him very readily are they even accustomed to hear." Observe the force oi the aorist in IcTLvov, denoting what is accustomed to take Dlacv. 0 2 162 NOTES TO BOOK 1. The particular impolt of re, on the other hand, will best appear fromi a oaraphrase: " In proportion as a man obeys the gods, in that same proportion are they wont to listen to his prayers." (Hartung, voi.;., p. 58, 69.)-arrou~. This pronoun carries with it here a peculiar force. The construction forms a kind of parataxis, for which in the later language we would have rOrTOv/V Gdia r' Eca.vov. 2'.9-222. F. For p. — v' pyvpEi, Wmr,. " On his silver hilt," i. c., his silver-decked hilt. The epithet apyTvpg lhas here the sanme force as dpyvpo;2ily, "adorned with silver studs."-a- o e. "He checked." —6ae. "He drove." —Sioor. The early Greek sword had generally a straight, two-edged blade. (uqLpeEC, II., x., 256), rather broad, and nearly of equal width from hilt to point.- d' 6 Owvjucr6v6se ge6tcetl. " That goddess, however, had gone unto Olympus." Observe here the beautiful use of the pluperfect in derioting rapidity of action. Achilles drove back his weapon into its sheath, and the goddess that same instant had gone to the skies. pserta daiuovaS d2t2UovS. "To the midst of the other deities:" More literally, "among." Observe that in this passage the " terminus ad quern" is indicated in three different ways: unto Olympus, and when she has come there, into the palace of Jove, and then into the midst of the other deities.-The ancient critics raise a difficulty here How, they ask, can Minerva be said to have either come from the skies, or to have gone back to the same and to the society of the other deities, when in verse 423 it is stated that Jupiter had, on the previous day, gone with all the gods into.Ethiopia? To this some of them reply, that either all the deities of Olympus did not accompany Jupiter on this occasion, or else that the gods alone went, and that the goddesses were left behind! Voss, however, takes a much more reasonable view of th.e matter. According to this scholar, several days were occupied in sending the ship to Chrysa (v. 308), In purifying the army (v. 313), and in offering up the hecatomb (v. 315). It is after this that Achilles is deprived of Briseis (v. 318), and then has the interview with his mother, who informs him that the gods had gone to.LEthiopia on the previous day. (Voss, Anm., p.'7.) 223-224. Eia3rqL. " Again anew." —&raprToopo EErtv. o Inv. injurious words," i. e., grossly personal and offensive. The scholl. ast explains the epithet byp f2a6Epoif, Xaaewroo.-X2/yex6.oto. Achilles obeys Minerva, in ceasing from open strife and collision (i)Ie8~:); but he still goes on giving vent to his angry feelings. 225-228. oivo6aprc. "Man heavy wvith wine," i. e., drunkar']. This epithet refers here more to the habit of intoxication than it. NOTES TO BOOK f 163.nlnence at the moment. Observe in the language of Achilles picture ot the rude manners of a semi-barbarous age. Freedom o0 speech is ever characteristic of such a state of society, and PlatA therefore, was wrong in blaming the poet for the employment of suck! language as we find in the text. He ought to have praised him rather for his close adherence to nature. (Plat., Repub., iii., p. 390, A.) Equally unnecessary, moreover, was the rejection of the whole passage, down to verse 233, by the grammarian Zenodotus. HIis )bject appears to have been to shield the poet against the attack mnade upon him by the philosopher. KVV,Of b0 tarL' iXv, IC. r. L. i" Having the eyes of a dog, but the Heart of a stag," i. e., impudent in visage, but a coward at heart. The dog, as already remarked, was a type among the ancients of impudence and effrontery. Comipare verse 159. —ore tror'. " Neither at any time." —1t rro'r2.eov aowplXOivac. "To arm thyself for war." The passive in a middle sense. —2.ov6'. " To an amrbus cade." - r&rAtrlncac &/v. "Hast thou dared in soul." Observe the continued action implied by the perfect. The verb TAr2vat, in suctI constructions as the present, refers to the taking upon one's self what is beyond one's powers, or contrary to one's nature. Literalfy, "' hast thou endured in soul." —rb 6E rTO, It r. i,. "For this appears to thee to be death," i. e., very death, death itself. KlVp is here equivalent to &dvarof. 229-232. I. "In very truth."-X-i'ov. Ironical. — KaT& arparov e'pvv. "Throughout the wide army." —u6p' (.rroalpedeOat. "To take away unto thyself the gifts (of that one)," i. e., to appropviate unto thyself. - Observe the force of the middle.-o-CrtF earp In prose i5rt av ev rrp. —EOev avriov. " In opposition to thee." &dyoL65pof Ppat23Ie. " Thou art a people-devouring king," i. e., a king that lives on, or wastes the property of his people. It is better to supply el here, withtEustathius, than to make this a species of exclamation in the nominative, as is done by Niigelsbach.-E'-.rei odrtdavoretv dvCetaest~. " Since thou reignest over men of no worth." The particle inrel serves here to explain what immediately precedes. Thou devourest the substance of thy people, because they are too spiritless to resist thee. —l yiap aiv,' ArpeidJ, K. r. X. " For in very truth (were this not so), thou woullst now, for the last time, have been insolent." In order to complete the sentence, we may supply, after v 1,dp, with Eustathius, ei uin orulYavoi Vcaav o~i dvcdaaEirt. Achilles means that if the Greeks were not so spiritless, they would soon put a s'op to the rapacity of their king. The main idea with the speaker's the insult which he has received, and ile therefor, 164 NOTES TO BOOK i alludes at once to this, without expressing the collateral ideta 4 t this were so." 233-236. 26Xa' el' rot epdo. Consult note on verse 20)4. —Art. "I1 addition." An adverb. Consult note on verse 25. —vai auc "Yes i by."- aK7rrpov. Consult note on verse 15. —rb. For 5. —~aet. "W ill produce." The meaning of the oath is this: as surely as this sceptre shall never again put forth leaves and branches, so surely shall the absence of Achilles frorr the battle-field be keenly felt by the Greeks.-E-}ret6dj rptdra.'Since first."-rotZyv. " The trunk," i. e., its parent trunk.-7repi yap, K. r. AL. "For round about, in very truth, has the brass lopped it of both leaves and bark." Observe that 7repi is here merely adverbial. Observe, also, that the verlb Eaeuitev takes here a double accusative, one of the whole (E), anO another of individual parts (0,JtRa rT scai OtXot6v). When, in addition to the whole object, which receives the operation of the verb, partic. ular specification is also made of a part, in which this operation is immediately and principally shown, both the whole and part stand, as proximate objects, in the accusative. (Rost, G. G., ~ 104, 6.? This construction is called by the grammarians aXvjua iaO' 6oov cat.itpor. —. This pronoun stands here as a neuter, for aTO6, referring to aincrrpov. Homer and Herodotus frequently use it, in all thre'q genders, for the.:corresponding parts of avr6o. (Matthite., ~ 147.) 237-239. viv avr flttv. " Now, on the contrary, it." The particle avre here denotes an opposition to its former state, when it flourish. ed as a branch of the parent tree. Observe that ttiv is for averS. — ticaoi6rot. The sceptre which Achilles here bVlds ki..t his own, but a herald's sceptre or staff, which, e chieftdrL had taken into his hands when arising to speak. Who(rver rose to speak in the general assembly ot the host,:eceived a sceptre or staff from one ol the heralds, which bo. held in,and while delivering his sentiments. (II., 18, 505; 23, 56b, Od., 2, 38.) Not every one, however, wa.s allowed to speak in assembly, but only a particular class; and as these privileged individuals also acted on other occasions as " dispensers of justice" (docaar7r6lot), Achilles here designated them by that particular name, to show that they formed a particular class. oire &itarac, tc. r. X. " And who watch over the laws (received by them) from Jove." All human laws, according to the poet, come from Jove, the great source and fountain-head of justice, and kings and rulers receive these fiom him to watch over and defend. Ob0 serve, therefore, the force of,rp46 here with the genitive, and com. pare the following passage of Plutarch, where the same explanatioc is given to the present text: Ktai r a;. faaotaet? )ynp)rp (na].v ov? NOTES TO BOOK I. 1 65 e~r}eu ondc6 vrai: xaeXKTpeg, d2iXa' O[atoraf 7ra.p 7TO AtlOf Xa,u6d. vtor p 5l9eaaL. Ka t ~V;daeCLtV. (Vit. Demetr., 42.)-oare. Literally,'even wiho." Observe the force of re in showing the relation ol the latter clause to the one that goes before: as they are 6lKarcioeLt, even so do they watch over, &c.-' 6d. " And this." —zEyag. " Great in its consequences," i. e., fraught with serious consequences to Agamemr.on. 240-244. - t or'. "Assuredly hereafter," i. e., depend upon it, at some future 6ay.-'AXtX2XoC 7ro0~. "A desire for Achilles," i.., regret for the absence of the warrior from the battle-field. Comrn pare the Latin desiderium. Homer uses the feminine form.roOi much more frequently than the masculine rr6Oof.- vXvtwevd-f 7rep. "Though deeply troubled (thereat)." —ecir' hiv. For or' av. —~''EKTopo' eivppo0'dvoto OV;acuKovre. " Dying beneath the hand of the man-slaughtering Hector." —o d6' iv6o0te 9vubv euvzSetg. "And thou within thee shalt tear thy soul," i. e., and thy bosom shall be torn by keen remorse. Observe that Ev6oe is here equivalent to Kyp60t. -XGo~6ev.c. "Enraged at thine own self." 245-249. rcorni. For arpo6. —Xp Evaeoot i.oloe trerapiavovr. "Pierced through and through with golden nails," i. e., adorned with golden -tuds. The heads of the nails formed the studs.-iE.ro 6' arT6C Che pronoun is here introduced to mark an opposition between the person of the hero and the act just performed by him.-i ripowev tgovtEe. "Kept raging on the other side." Observe the force of the imperfect.-2t7yiv IIv2[iwv ayoprl-7c. "The clear-toned speaker of the Pylians." By the Pylians are meant the subjects of Nestor who was King of Pylos, in the Peloponnesus. The epithet atyvd refers here to the clear and silver tones of age. Among a people like the Greeks, a clear and harmonious enunciation would form, of course, one of the most important requisites of a public speaker. To this, however, was joined, in Nestor's case, the sound experience Of a lengthened life. tro Ksai dar y twaarfl, I. A..' From whose tongue also flowed speech sweeter than honey." Observe that tro0 is here for ob. It we place a fuller stop after dyopprijr, then t-oi will be for rorov; but -~*is appears harsh, on account of the presence of rT for rodri- in the line that follows. —ca. ~ This particle must not be joined with Estrroe, bat-refers back to'dvear-, and is intended to introduce a still farther explanation of that epithet.-abty. Referring not so much -he subject-matter of what he said, as to his voice and its varied intonations. These came, as the poet remarlks, more sweetly ta the ear than honey is wont to come to the tongue 66ti NOTLS TO BOOK i. 250-252 -', d' ildr. "Unto this one already," {i. e., dur;ng hib iifetime. A peculiar usage of the dative, indicating, in fact, the period during which an action is represented to have been going otn. ((Comrare Bernhardy, W;iss. Synt., p. 79.)-e/eprwOv a vdpcrov. " 01 articulate-speaking men." The term /pepop distinguishes man from the inferior class of creatures. The latter merely utter inarticulate cries; whereas the human voice breaks up and divides off its sounds, so as to form syllables and words.-'~OliaO'. "Had passed away." More literally, "had been destroyed," or "had perished," i. e., had fulfilled their allotted time on earth. rp 6eev C6' yevovro. "Had been reared, and had lived." NIigelsbach regards this as a Hysteron-proteron, for "had lived and been reared." Not so, by any means. The poet refers to the two generations individually. The first of these had been nurtured along with Nestor, and reared with him to manhood. The second came into being about thirty years after his birth, and lived with him as a younger generation. And now he was reigning among a third. Reckoning thirty years, or thereabout, for a generation, Nestor would be over sixty years of age at the commencement of the Tro. jan war.- - era rperidroeauv. "Among the men of a third." For the more prosaic ttera rpridrrp, scil. yeved. IIhqA. There were three places named Pylos, in the Peloponnt; sus, all of which contended for the honor of having been the birth place of Nestor. One was situate'about eighty stadia to the east of the city of Elis; a second was situate in the Triphylian district of the country of Elis; while the third was on the western coast of Messenia, opposite the island of Sphacteria. The second of these appears to have the best argument in its favor, and is so regarded by Strabo. 253 —258. 5 aetv Efijpoveov, K,. r. A. Repeated from verse 73. —' 7rr-ot. "0 ye gods." We have here a very early term. The ancient Dryopes are said to have called the gods rwo'ot, which, when we examine it etymologically, appears to mean nothing more than "fathers." Compare the forms 7rcira;rf, rarai, papa, &c., and con sult Pott., Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 193. —-. "In very truth."Axa'dta yalav eKavee. "Is coming unto the Grecian land;"-Kev yn7iaat. "Wvould be delighted."-,-uya KEv KeXapOia7o. "Would greatly exult."-ei ap3iv r-dde rdavr-a, a. ri. A. "If they should learn all these things of you two contending together," i. e., if they should hear of your contending in this way. Homer says 7re6OeaOa~a i-i and'eo0eadai rtvo o 7tvrogoroc, i. e., 0irt'olei. In the present pas sage he has blended these two constr-.ctions togcether. so that S.Tati NOTES ro BOOK,. L 6 tepends on raide rsdvra, and uapvaucvottv is to be reso ecd, in a free translation, into 1art, &c. o irTEpi Rtv p3ovuh,, IC. T. R. i. (You), who are superior to the rest of the Greeks in counsel, and are superior (to them) in fight," i. e., superior as senators in counsel, and as warriors in the field. We must be careful not to regard fPov~Ui here as equivalent merely to voWr or fpcv, intelligence or mental power. —ucaXeaO6a. The infinitive is here employed as a kind of noun. Schaeffer cites a similar instance in prose, where the infinitive occurs without an article as a substantive: d7rorpip>at Trohv DiV;ov hrctrOeaOac r, At6,v'?. (Diod; Sic., xx., 68.-Schceff. ad Plut., vol. i., p. 183, v. 35.) 259-262. /queo dei. The particle be is here equivalent to yap. — M6i r-or'. "Many a time before this." Compare Stadelmann: "Schon manchmal." — r-ep ipt~v. " Than even you." This is the reading of the grammarian Zenodotus, which Aristarchus rejected, because, in his opinion, derogatory to Achilles, and for which he substituted u Fv, a lection in which he is followed by Spitzner, Naigelsbach, and others. We have retained v/Fv, however, with Heyne, as the more spirited reading, and more in accordance with what follows.-Observe that iwrep is much stronger than the simple ~7, and implies that Achilles and Agamernnon are also distinguishedl for valour; as if we were to say, "than you, brave though (7rep) you undoubtedly both are." (Kiihner, ~ 747, 4.) Observe, also, that we have the dative ijc/v, not the nominative iue'L. The reason of this is as follows:,iwrep 4idv is the same as sijtrep viycv OREO; but as this is not in accordance with the English idiom, we are cornm pelled to render the clause as if the Greek had been i7rep 6iekf CTer oti vfiv /tyCd. —(Kiihner, ~ 748, b.) icaL ovzrore oty'. " And not even these ever." The particle ye, when it has, as in the present instance, the force of the Latin ve, combines with a preceding negative, and the two then become equivalent to ne quidem.-oi yelp 7rw. The particle yap here serves to explain more fully the previous clause, Kal aperiooctv 76T7rep vi1tv.ovi6 idwouat. " Nor am I likely to see," i. e., nor do present appearances lead me to entertain the belief that I will again see such. Observe here the employment of the subjunctive to indicate likelihood or probability. The future would have been too strong, and, in ornjunction with the negative, would have meant that he was never again to see such. (Rost., ~ 119, f.) ~263-265 IletpiOoov. Pirithoiis was son of Ixion and Dia, an6 monarch of the Lapitha-, a Thessalian race. At his nuptials witl Hlppodamia arose the famous contest between the Lapithw ant n 168 NOTE, TO BOOK 1. Centaurs, to which Nestor presently alludes. The other chietta;nf mentioned in the text were also Lagithae, with the single exception of Theseus. Polyphemus must not be confounded with the Cyclops of that name. He was the son of Elatus. (Compare Apolion. Rhod., i., 40.)-0 —Oyaea r' Alyeidiv. This line is regarded as spurious by Wolf, since it is wanting in most manuscripts,: and:is mentioned by no scholiast. It is supposed to have been interpolated from Hesiod (Scut. Herc., 182) by some Athenian, who was anxious to leave mention made of his national hero. (Miller, Homerische Vorschule, p. 84, seq.) 266-270. Iedprtaroet d6. "The very bravest." The particle 34 has here what is termed its determinative force, and when joined with an adjective, as in the present instance, denotes that such adjective is to be taken in its fullest possible extent of meaning (Ilartung, vol. i., p. 280, seq.; Kiihner, ~ 691, 692, C. c.) —-ppativ OpeaK.oItat. "With the wild race dwelling on the mountains," i. e., the Centaurs. By the term qpoaiv (i. e., ipaetv) are here indicated a wild and savage race of men, inhabiting Mount Pelion, and known in mythic history by the name of Centaurs. Of the form assigned to them by fable, namely, half human, half that of the horse, Homer knew nothing. This appears to have been a later addition. —-,K7rd y7aS cT7rr6ecaav. " In a terrific manner did they destroy them," i. e., did the Lapitha3 destroy the Centaurs. As regards the forn EKrayT(OSC, consult note on verse 146. —-cac [ev. "And, as I tell you." Observe that /dv is here equivalent to [juv, which, in this passage, has the force of Jc7arep 6YWo.-T~YO60EV E& a rtsri ya[r?. "From afar, out of a distant land." An Homeric abundance of terms. We must be careful not to confound fthe i'r[yi yal7 of'Homer with the'Arna y7 of the tragic writers. The former means merely a distant land, whereas the latter denotes the Peloponnesus. There is also a difference between the two terms as regards' quantity. The Homeric adjective has the initial vowel short, whereas the geographical appellative,'Azria, has it long. (Buttmann, Lexil.,.. v.) —caUE'avro. "Called me unto them." Observe the force ol fthe middle. 271-274. Kar' i/' ar76v. "To the best of my power." Literally, "according to myself," i. e., according to the strength I had. Compare the scholiast: iari r)jv' i/avroji d6vaytev. Some commentators render this differently, " by myself," and refer, in support of their version, to iacr' aem'af, in book ii., 366. The two cases, however, are by no means parallel.-iKevotat. "With those warriors." As r.;ec or [E:iLot refers gneerally to an object more or less dic:~-nt, NOTES TO LO.t0 hI 161. we mar see in its use here a reference to these who are now dead and gone; in other words, to the nlen of an earlier and mtre pow arfill day. —riv. Foe t7oV-e7V. scas piiv. "And I can assure you." Observe that /ziv is here, again, fori /,iiv. —[tev povgXov fvtlYev. 1" They listened ttn my coun. sels." povU&Ev for fovX&2ov. So, in verse 495, Eyr7peov for'ier tewsv, as Hr2Z7rtdace- for Iy1f7.:6cao. —Sviev. The common text has ivtGov, for which we have given, with Spitzner, the reading of Aristarehus. —ad22i sa vuJzefS. " Do you, therefore, also." The parti ele 0a26d has here a kind of hortatory force. 275-276. adyaOic srEp idv. "; Powerful though thou art." Nigelsbach and Stadelmann, following one of the scholiasts, regard these words as a kind'of "captatio benevolentice," making the meaning to be, "who art a most excellent man:" so that, according to them, Nestor advises Agamernnon not to commit an act unworthy of himn self. The version which we have given, however, appears much more natural. Compare verse 131.-rbvd' daroaipeo Kcovpyiv. Observe the double accusative depending on the verb. X2ii' iEa, rC, ol, Kc... A. "But let (him retain her), even as the sons of the Greeks first gave (her as) a prize unto him," i. e., let him retain her,'since he has the better right to lier. Supply airTv EXYeV,) or something.equivalent. Some understand avcrjv, but Mis a'bri, would mean, "let her go." 277-279. iOes0'. " Feel inclined." Equivalent to the Latin indl,cas in animurn. Observe that the verb.O9ERo expresses in particular that kind of wish in which there lies a purpose or design; conse.:_uently, a desire of something, the execution of which is in one's own power, or at least appears to be so. (Buttmetn, Lexil., s. v.)s7rei osvvroO' tuoiVC,.c. r. ".'Since a sceptre-bearing king, unto whom Jove has given glory, has never received for his share equal honor (with the rest of men, but an elevation far exceeding theirs)." By rtI/uo is here meant elevation, rank, or standing in society. We have given to this passage the explanation of Nigelsbach. Thus3, o6toinC, scil. ri re-v di6&av, di9at pes(ovor. (Compare book v., 44.1, seq.) Heyne has a different and inferior interpretation, 0yZo?c, scil.,r1 troo'Ayaeyitvoo rt/us. " Since no sceptre-bearing king, &e., has ever obtained honor equal to his," i. e., to Agamemnoin's. /x-,op. L'he perfect, not the aorist. —-Sre. Compare note on verse 79. 280-284. El d' cI Kdprepp6 E'ct, M.. t. "For if thou art valiant, and (if) a goddess mother brought thee forth, yet is this one her, more powerful," &c. Observe the pecu iar force of ec with the inlicative, not implying any doubt wthatever in the mind of the speak P 17() NOTES TO BOOK i er, but referring rather'to what is actually than cast. " it thou an valiant, and the son of a goddess, as we all well know." —rAt6vearov. The dative is here employed to denote continuanee of rule. Corn. pare note on verse 180.'Arpe&Sdd, a de6. For aV 6E,'Arpeid5. The vocative of the propel name is often placed thus befo;'e the personal pronoun. tor the sake of emphasis. —airrip eywye iaaouatl, iK. r. X. " For it is I, even I, that entreat thee to lay aside thy wrath in the case of Achilles." Y'e have given a free translation here, in order to show the meaning more clearly. The more literal version would be: "But 1, for my part, entreat," &c. Observe here the force of adrcip, which involves in some degree the meaning of yDp. So in Latin, we often find autem where enim might stand. —'AXt2Zai.' More literally, " to," or "for Achilles," i. e., for the behoof or advantage of Achilles. The, dativus commodi, or dative of advantage. (Kiihner, Q 579, 3.) uEiya EpKOr 7 ro2,uoLto caKcolo. 1" The great defence against evil war," i. e., the great rampart against the foe. So a shield is called lEpxoc tKcovrov,'" or defence against darts." 286-291. sval 61. "Yes, indeed." -yepov. "Aged warrior."KaTa. uorpav. "Rightly."-a-il 66' dvolp, it. r. X2. Agamemnon ad.mits the correctness of all that Nestor has said, and acknowledges that all would be well were it not for the arrogant and domineering spirit of Achilles. —rept. "Above," i. e., superior to. —cpareev.'To bear rule over." —vtaaaetv. "To lord it over."- av acvetv. A" To prescribe."-ii rtv' o i-reiceaOaL bwo. " In which things I think that some one will not obey him." Observe that a' is here the accusative of nearer definition, while in rtv5A Agamemnon alludes to himself, and he uses this form of expression in order not to provoke his antagonist anew by any more direct employment of wbrds. ei d6. "For if." —iOeaav. Equivalent to'roiflaav.-rovvetia o. irpo6iovatv; "Do they on this account give him the right?" Observe that 7rpoOgovatv is from the simple stenl-form rpoOio, whence 7rporiOtut comes. It stands, therefore, for -TrporiOe6atv. 292-294. vi'rol,62dv. " Interrupting his speech." Compare the scholiast: ~teao2ad67aag rov'Aya1etvovoS?Xoyov, wrpiv v atow7raat av. Trb elrkw'. —1 yap KEV, i. r. A-. "(Yes, indeed), for assuredly I should be called both a coward," &c. The particle yap is here, as olten elsewhere, elliptical, and refers to something going before and understood. "Yes, indeed," exclaims Achilles, "I have done right in acting as I have, for," &c. —Ei 61 aoO, trav py'OV, Ei. r. I. "If I shall now any longer give way to thee in every affair, whatsocvei thou mayest direct," i. e.. if I shall vield to thy eve y Pommnand INO'.1'E8 TO BO()K 1. 1'1 Observe tnat b7reifolatL is here the future of the indicative, and not, as some pretend, the aorist of the subjunctive, with a shortened mood-vowel. The future is required to express certainty and full determination. The propriety of its employment, moreover, instead or' the optative, will plainly. appear if we resolve 0rret Ke elrg into its equivalent Edv ru Ei-rc. —rav fpyov. The accusative of nearer definition. 295-296. d2aotaL 6d. "Unto others, whosoever they may be." Inasmuch as the particle d6 supports and strengthens the meaning of the word with which it is connected, it makes definites still more definite, and indefinites, on the other hand, still more indefinite. In the present case the indefinite nature of 62Xfotoa is increased by it, and, therefore, the true force of cb is, " be they who they may," "whomsoever it may please," &c. (Hartung, vol. i., p. 277.-Niagelsbach, ad loc.)-y-z yap l/otye. acatv'. "For prescribe not unto me, at least." The particle ydp refers back to lotactv ertrL7Xse', and shows why that was said. —bo. " I am resolved." 297-299. uV 6' dvi t pecri VidPXeo mcrtv. " And do thou lay it up in thy mind." Observe that we have here, not e1c obpkvar, but Cvi with the dative. The meaning intended to be conveyed, therefore, is, that Agamemnon must not only put or cast these things into his mind, but must keep them there. The preposition Ev here, with the dative, reminds us, therefore, of Virgil's "tu condita mente teneto." Ko'prlc. Briseis. —o7re rT dc?2xpi. "Nor with any one else." 7r for rtvi. — Tre! i' Xpb2 E oOt ye dovreg. "' Since, after having given, ylj even took her away from me." The true force of ye here is explanatory, so that irei... ye may be rendered more freely, "and that'too because," as in Latin, "idque propterea quod." (Hattung, vol. i., p. 390.)-j-' baeeaoOe. For,e acO&ReaOe abr'7v. 300-301.?TCv 6' iXWaov..... rv. " Of those other things, however..... of these." -We have here in rCiv an instance of repetition common to many languages. Sometimes this is resorted to when a long clause intervenes, and it is then done for the sake of perspicuity; sometimes, as in the present instance, it is made to an swer the purposes of emphasis. (Kiihner, ~ 632.) —orec v rtd i.po, UveZSv. i; Thou shalt not, I think, having taken up, bear any one away." Observe here the indefinite meaning which av imparts to the optative, and which is made to subserve the purposes of bitter irony. We have expressed it by the words " I think."-a-ve;2'v. Indicating the manner; that is, coming openly, and taking up boldly, in order tc carry away. Heyne, following the Venice edition, read s, h' ti'v NOTES TO BOOK 1. making this an instance of the repetition of the particle. lo, as lo often subsequently occurs in the Attic writers. 302-303. el 6' iiye fl0v wreiplcati. "But if thou wilt, come indeed, make trial for thyself," i. e., make the experiment in person. Oh. serve the force of the middle voice. With el 6d supply pfloaret, a common ellipsis. —ye/ ju7v. Wolf places commas on either side of this clause, but Spitzner very correctly removes them. —'va yvw(cos cat o'ed. "In order that these here also may know," i. e.. may know the truth of what I say, may see me do what I threaten.epowaetl repi dovpi. "Shall stream around my spear." More lit. erally, " shall stream around for my spear." Observe that w repi, according to Homeric usage, is an adverb here, not a preposition. 304-306. C!j yaXecraau6vo. " After having both contended thus." ic for OVTrJC. Buttmann considers /aXeraa/cdvo more in accordance with analogy than yaXlrcaadvow, the reading of Aristarchus and Wolf. -uTfaev 6' ayopw'v. " And dissolved the assembly." As the dual is not a necessary form, the subject of a proposition may be in this number, and the verb in the plural, and vice versa. —viac laaa. "Equal ships," i. e., having equal sides, a general epithet for a ship, as indicative of its shape and structure. The ships of the Greeks were drawn up on shore between the two promontories of Sigeum and Rheteum, and probably in several rows, one behind the other. Achilles had his ships in the foremost row inland, on the right wing toward Sigeum; and Ajax, the son of Telamon, had his ships stationed on the left wing of the same row, toward Rheeteum, while the Athenians are thought to have occupied the centre of this line. The hindermost row of all contained the ships of Agamemnon, Ulysses, and Diomede. In front of the ships were the tents, which were, in reality, rude huts, tents of canvass being then unknown. 307-311. Mevotrr5idn. "The son of Mencetius." Patroclus, the intimate friend of Achilles.-wrpoipvcgev. "i Launched." Literally, " dragged forward," i. e., caused this to be done. —iC 6' EpLtvev. "And selected and put into it." Consult note on verse 142.tKarT76flv. Consult note on verse 315.-ig d' Piae. "And into it caused to go." Consult note'on verse 144.-c v i d E6E y7sv. "And up (its side) conducting, seated (therein)." Observe the active force of 6eaev, sedere fccit, or collocavit.-iv 6' pXog E67q. 1" And in (it) went as commander." —,To2l',ulr-f. "The sagacious." A Common epithet of Ulysses. 312-314. d'va6dvTrf. "Having embarked." Literally, "having gone up (the vessel's sides)."-E-7rpirleov iypa tE2evc0a. " Began to sail upon the watery wavy," i. e., thle watery paths of ocean. Bec;. NiOTEs TO BOOK.a malntains that'_ypo6 is not a general term for any thing liquid oa watery, but that it means something in a tumid state, and which, it touched, will gently recede. If this be correct, 7yp6o. is the very adjective to be employed here. (Beck, Comment. prima de Interpret. Lat. Scriptorum et Monum., &c., Lips., 1791, p. xviii.) dro)tvjaiveo6at. "' To purify themselves," i. e., to perform a lustration. The reference is to bodily ablutions, by which both a medical and religious end were answered. The washing of the person would be conducive to health, and would also be a symbol of expiation from sin. The Grecian host had become impure by contact with the bodies of the dead, and also by reason of the offence ol Agamemnon; but, as the anger of Apollo had ceased with the submission of the monarch, the people were to be purified, partly as a sanatory measure, and partly that they might be able to engage in the solemn sacrifice to the god. —ait eic &?aa /j2oar' MeaXlXov. " And cast the offscourings into the sea." By?n/uara is here meant the water by which the ablutlion of their persons had been effected. On the present occasion't was thrown into the sea. It was cus. P 2 174 NUTES TO BOOS I. tomary also to cast it into rivers, and if neithei sea nor river was near at hand, to dig a hole in the earth, and pour it;u. (Hase, Class. Alterthumsk., vol. i., p. 94.)-i-6a:2ov. Observe the force of the imperfect in denoting an act done by many in sccession. 315-317. lpdov. " They sacrificed." Consult note on verse 147. -re72ca2ac ecar6jT6ac. "; Perfect hecatombs," i. e., of perfecb and unblemished victims. Consult note on verse 66. — icarS6u6af. According to the common explanation, a hecatomb was an offering of a hundred oxen; but it was afterward used to express every solemn sacrifice at which several animals were slain. Thus, one hecatomb, mentioned in the Iliad (vi., 115: ib., 308), consisted of twelve bulls. The hecatomb which Ulysses bore in his galley to Chrysa was probably a still smaller number. That vowed to the Sperchius consisted of fifty sheep. (Hase, Public and Private Life oj the Greeks, p. 101.),rappa v'. "Along the shore." O0v' is here the accusative, and the action is so represented by this, as if the acting parties had spread themselves over the shore. Qui sacra faciunt, non in litore sed per litus versantur. (Niigelsbach, ad loc.)-evia7y d' ovpavov Cltev, K. r. A. " And the savor went to the sky, whirling itself in the smoke round about it."'We have given here the interpretation of Nfigelsbach, according to which'LXtaotEivr is middle, not passive, and 7rept belongs to Karr2'i, not to the participle. As regards the middle meaning here assigned to iteacao/Lvjl, compare II., xxi., 11, So, again, with respect to the construction here given to repl, corn pare the phrase q/yi nrvpy? GraatL (Od., viii., 434). 318-325. ra 7rivovro. "Were busily employed upon these things.' The reference is to thve process of purification, and after that to the offering up of the hemntombs. —rv rrpirov. " With which in the first instance."-?id' A'ye. "This hero, on the contrary." —rt6 ol 1aav. "Who were unto him." r(J for d. —boTpjp6 9eplOrVoE. "Active attendantY'." EpxeaOov Kictahlv. "'Go ye two unto the tent." With verbs of going, coming, &c., the accusative of the place whither is often joined, without a preposition.-XEtpbC Id,6vr' ayQtev. "Having taken by the hand, lead away." Observe that.6v.r' is for oiX6vr7 and that yi7iev, the infinitive, has heQe the force of an imperative, instances of which often occur in the poets. (Matthia, Q 546.) Some editors place a comma after'AxZijoC, and then make dy{upev equiva',r'nt to Oare iiyetv, but this wants spirit.-'el d6 e icE &yJ'(v, as. r. 2 Compare verse 137.- abv vreoveaat. " With greater nu;n bers." ~ At'erallv, "with more men." Supply lv6pdiat.-r6. For NOTES TO B1)0k 1. 175 326-330. irptlet. "He sent them onward.' Compare note on rrieo ale, verse 3, and Gloss., verse 25. —cporrcpiv 6' Ir uiSov u TEI.-;t-v. Compare verse 25.-(-tg6covre. "Reluctant."-0pdryv. For FrTrj.V. —Mvpt6dvov&v. Consult note on verse 180.-/Ei re Ktalacf, K. r, S. The adverb erri serves here to determine with more precision the direction expressed by the accusative. (Iitihner, O 545, 2.)-rdv 6' EVpov,. r. )... Referring to Achilles. —ou6' dpa Tr-de ilav, Kc. r. A. "Nor, in very truth, did Achilles rejoice on having seen these two." 331-333. rw yeLv rap67iaavre, Kc. T. 2. " They both stood, having become confused (the instant they beheld him), and continuing to regard the monarch with looks of reverence." Observe the change from the aorist to the present participle, and the peculiar force of each. The former has reference to what took place at the instant, the latter to what was continued. - oude ri IZtV rrpo fEjveov. "Neither did they address aught unto him." Observe the double accusative in ri iytv, the latter term being for avr6v.-iyvw,utv Evl speai. " Knew in his own mind (the object of their coming)." 334-342. xaipere. "Hail," i. e., joy be with ye. The common expression on either accosting or taking leave. —Atr 5ayyer2ot /tde Kait vdpdv. Heralds are called " messengers of Jove," because they are the interpreters of that which Jove has established on earth through the agency of kings. The epithet, therefore, has reference to the supporting of regal authority. So, again (II., viii., 517), they are called Att Oi2lot, inasmuch as they share in the honor rendered unto kings, which honor the latter derive, along with their power, from Jove. pzot irairtot. " In fault toward me," i. e., blamable in my eyes. -o. For 8s.-Atoyevf iarpaT6Kpectf. "High-born Patroclus." Observe that proper names in -KXgo are often declined like'those in K:sag, and again, those in -;C/Of like those in -Kuoc. Hence Harp6OKMetc, for IId6poxXe. (Matthic, ~ 92, 1.) —aoiv. The dative of the pronoun of the third person, differing from that of the second person in being always an enclitic. (Thicrsch, Q 204, 6.) —rw 6' a'ria #iprvpOl.aTrsV, K. T. X.."And let these two themselves be witnesses both before the blessed gods," &c., i. e., witnesses of the insult offered to Achilles by Agamemnon. Observe the peculiar force of r-i avr7i, not "these same persons," but "these very persons themselves," who are made the innocent instruments in carrying into execution thl unjust mandates of another.-rKai rpc ro7 0i P3:t;i/o0 arrv Eoc. " An. before that hard-hearted Iking.".cirore 6' airE. "If ever agair hereafter." For einrore di6 a6r 17fi NOTES TO BOOK I, not 6e uvre. These words are generally made to commence a to sentence, which is supposed to break off abruptly after -oilf 6MAovt bh an apesiopesis. The reading of Wolf, however, which places a comma after ai7rqvrof, instead of a colon, and which we have adopted in our text, is decidedly preferable. According to this reading, tht words ei'Wore 6' aTre Ic. T... form the ending of the previous sentence, not the beginning of a new one. Wolf is followed by most of the recent editors of Homer. —cifvaL. "For the purpose of warding off." The infinitive is here employed to express the object or intent — ros D2Roto. Consult note on i'/iv in verse 67. 342-344. 7 y3ap oy' bSo at, r. -. A. E" For, in very truth, this man rages with destructive thoughts," i. c., intends, in his ungovernable excitement, to do things fraught with the most pernicious consequences.-ovd TLt ol6e, c. r. X. ". Nor does he at all know how to observe at the same time the future and the past," i. e., to make the events of the past the lessons for the future.-aoot.' In safety,"' i. C., so far as security can be found in the battle-field. Referring to the taking of all proper steps to secure success, both hy personal prowess and sagacious plans. —uaey(ovrraL. We have fillowed hera the conjecture of Schfiffer. The common tn.xt has YwLe,Z)vro, but the subjunctive harmonises bftter with odde thaL 1:iecedes. Thiersch proposes ieaXfovraL, i. e., paXeiGovTaL. The common reading makes an hiatus before'AXatoi. 346-351. icK ic6atii. "Forth, out of the tent." Observe the adverbial force of EK.-dCJKe d6' 7e6'v. "And gave (her to them) to lead away." —avtg't7r V. "; Went back."-vrap' vcafg. Consult note on rrt~ Kidct6ia in verse 328.-a- di ypvv. "And she, the woman."alVTrp'AX2aZeVfs. The particle acvrap, according to Kiihner (~ 739, 3), generally expresses something unexpected, or surprising, &c. On the present occasion, when we should have looked for a calmer and more quiet deportment in the warrior, we are, as it were, taken by surprise on finding him suddenly burst into tears. 5alcpvaacg. "Having burst into.tears." These were tears, not of sorrow for the loss of Briseis, but of indignation for the insult which had been offered him in her abduction. Compare verse 355, seq. — Erp(JV aiap'(eTO, IC. T. ". "Forthwith, turned away from his,omplanions, seated himself on the shore of the hoary sea, looking upon the dark-hued deep." The genitive rapwcv depends on v6o-0 Xtea.Oe/g, which may be more literally rendered, "having gone aside from." (Buttmann, Lexil., vol. i., p. 73.) Z9rv' tE'. Observe lere that &lv' is by apostrophe for 0Vae, the acCusative, and that it is erro.eous to write gv/', which would be fn, N OTES TO BOOK 1. 1I * v',, the dative. The accusative &iva here dilpends., not c- the adverbial irt[i, nor yet oail ero merely, but on tile combined idea ianplied by both. (Kiihner, Q 619, b. —Nigelsbach, ad loc.) —.dA 7rro2t7/i. The reference here is to the sea near the shore, where the dark billows break into foam, the adjective 7roet6g denoting properly sorrnm thing that is of a gray color, fr a mixture of dark and bright. Its x'oot is found also in the Latin pullus, and palleo. (Pott, Etyrmol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 120.) —oZvo7ra r6vrov. Referring to the appearance of the main ocean, afar off from the land. Observe that oivonra has here the force of yeiXava, the early wine, according to Eustathius, having been of a dark hue, approaching to black: 6OT 1oKute TO 7raxatoy o o voC 1iar EZlvac z7v Xpoiav. 7roX22. "Earnestly.""-Xetipac 6peyvv. It was customary, in praying to a deity of ocean, to stretch out the hands in front. 352-356. egiri it' bCreacE1 ye, IC. r. 2. " Since thou didst indeed bring tne forth, being very short-lived." The particle yi here serves to strengthen the idea expressed by the verb: Achilles addressed Thetis as indeed his mother. (Hartung, vol. i., p. 364.) Observe, moreover, that rrip has here the force of valde, while in the succeeding clause it passes into the kindred meaning of omnino.-7-r1tv rep 0or 4e2L2~ev, K. r. X2. " Olympian Jove, the lofty thunderer, ought by all means to have bestowed honor upon me. Now, however, he has honored me not even in a small degree," i. e., as matters now go, however, &c. V ydp. " For in very truth." —avirr- irovpag. " Having taken it away by his own authority." These words form an epexegesis, or additional explanation, to E2nsv, which merely indicates the seizure without the additional idea implied in airr6g. 357-361. 7rrorvta lerup. " His revered mother."-t-v iPevaeaaev dXio. The sea-deities were supposed to dwell amid the depths of the sea. —raps rrarpt yipovrt.' By her aged sire." Alluding to Nereus, one of the earliest of the sea-deities, and the eldest son o1 Pontus and Terra. He married Doris, and became by her the fathex of the Nereids, of whol TI'hetis was one.-,'vgdv. "She emrarged." — f7r' 6okXr,. The comparison here refers merely to c(vdv, the idea expressed by Icapra2i[wc being excluded.-7rrdpotO' altrolo.'' In front of him." She seated herself in such a way as to be seen fullyfron the place where her son was sitting. Hence the genitive avrolo.yetpi Te [t Ka arpef', S. T. r.. "And she both soothed him with.hei hand, and said what she wished to say, and uttered t aloud' Coar. pare the version of Nigelsbach: " Sic sagte, was ste zU soal en hatte, und sagte es v1llig hertaus." The wo ds IK T' rv6/oaeSv are often he 7S NOTES TO BOOK I. rroneously trat.slated "and called him by name." The incubi ectone,. )t this version is sufficiently shown by what immediately followsObselve, that the comma must be removed from the ordinary text after 4gaT', because Ebro is the object of both verbs. 362-363. ri d6 ae op'vas Zecero 7rivOoe; " And why has grief come,uddenly upon thee in thy mind?" i. e., upon thy mind. Observe the instantaneous action denoted by the aorist, and also the double accusative connected with the verb. The principle on which this construction is founded has been explained in the note on verse 236. -eada66, F KEiVOe v6O. The asyndeton, or absence of the copula tive, shows the earnest character of the speech. —Zva eidotev 6ipoqo " That we both may know." Observe the dual subject with the plural verb, and note also that Eido/ev, is for Eh'd/sEY. 365-366. omaea. "Thou knowest'already)."- rir (iyopemo. " Why need I tell." Observe the force of the subjunctive.-rrdvr'. Depending on edv'i. —.X6EtO' EC O~6nv. "We went to Thebe." The reference is to Thebe, a city of Mysia, north of Adramyttium, and called, for distinction' sake, Hypoplacian, because lying at the )oot of Mount Plakos (m3r6 and: H1dKicoc). E/tion was king of this city, and was slain in its defence, along with his sons, by Achilles. Eetion was father of Andromache, the wife of Hector.-In the Venice edition of Homer, 27 lines, beginning with the 366th, are marked with an obelus, and a scholium on line 365 says that they are interpolated. Knight is of opinion that they were introduced into the text by some inattentive and ignorant rhapsodist, who confounded the city of Thebe, the native place of Andromache, with Chrysa, the native city of Chryseis. From a discussion of this kind, however, nothing satisfactory can ever be elicited. Chryseis might have been sojourning in Thebe at the time of its capture, or the city of Chrysa might have been sacked by the same force that olundered Thebe. Coitiult, also, note on verse 369. Tipjv r6Ltv. "Sacred city." Cities, regions, &c., are often termed " sacred" by the earlier poets, when nothing more appears to be meant than that they are under the protection of some deity or other. Heyne, however, regards iepvr, here as equivalent to jp,tlaram, just as &eIoc and dgoe are often used in speaking of any thlng superior of its kind. 367-368. rXv s. "And this (city)." After the Trojans had shut themselves up within their walls, which they did very early in the war, the Greeks were corrpelled to ravage the adjacent countries in order to obtain subsistence for their numerous forces. In one of these plundering Excursions thoe ity of Thebe was sacked. —:r,) N(TES TC BOOK 1. 17.:. e5 diaaavro, K r.X.. "And these things the soi.s cf the Greeks divided fairly among themselves." Observe that the accentuation here is Pr&ch U&iuav, not /ued a clrtv. Enclitic pronouns always be. comre independent when orthotone prepositions precede them; retaining, then, their natural accent, because, by reason of the prepo. sition, the pronoun is expressed independently, and with an erm. phasis. (Gattling, ~ 47, 3.) 369-370. etc 6' EXov. "And out of them they selected," i. e., as a peculiar reward, independently of his proper share of the booty. Princes and distinguished chieftains always received such. Compare Od., xi., 534: Neo'-,r6rwoSf zozopav Kat ygpa g-'aOx6ov eXcV e~r VLo' e6atvev.-Xpday77 d' avO', K. r. X. The lines that follow this are a repetition of those that occur in the beginning of the poem. It seems probable, remarks Valpy, that these repetitions, so frequent in Homer, are derived from the detached manner in which his po. ems were scattered among the Greeks. Separate parts were doubtless sung at festivals and public entertainments; and therefore, to complete the sense, a necessity would frequently arise of fetching introductions and explanatory verses from preceding parts of the poem..The same solution, he adds, may be applied to the recurrence of many single verses at the beginning of speeches through)ut the poem. 380-388. wrdX4v 70 ero. "Went back." Consult note on verse j9, as regards the Homeric force of raLltv. —roo d6 e v'atE,1ov, K. 7. i. "And this one, (on his) having prayed, Apollo heard." ro7o for 70oi, i.e., roVi-rov.-7-KE 6' er''ApyeioLaL, K. r. X. "And lie sent a destructive shaft against the Greeks.": Observe that the dative here depends on the verb; and that Er'n merely marks the direction of the action. Consult Nidgelsbachl, Excurs., xvii., p. 308. —oL de vv agsi. "And they, the forces, now." Observe the pronorninal force of t (, approximating in our idiom to a personal more than a demonstr - tive meaning, but still radically the latter. Observe, also, the pecu liar meaning of the particle vvr, as if we were to say in a paraphrase, "one can now well imagine that the forces," &c. —teauSrrpoo.'One after another." Compare the scholiast: AioXtli;aeo',.nrz2aXi12 ira rTcv6rtoYre)pot, (2.ea7ra2r, Lo, ravVrEexe. ra di Ye'cOZa Oeoo. " But they, the arrows of the god." —nr(vrq. "In every direction." The terminus ad quenm, which is still more fully explained by,vLa,rpar6v. - cEpdv. "The wide," i. e., widespread.-9teogrporiac. - Consult note on velse 87.- 1rregaaev,ovoum,. r.,2.'"He uttered a threat, which in ve y truth has been.aceomplished." I. e., carried into effect. Literally, " he threatened a lbtjl`1~E~~i'N 0 S'1 0 oU X.i h speech,' i c., utterec a threatening speech. —. Uset lotr the ici tive 6C. a89-392. riyv!iev. "The one (female)." Literally, "thie (fe. male), indeed." Referring to Chryseis. —fiiiowreg. Consult note on verse 98. —rraurovctv. "Are escorting." —a ivart. "To the king." i. e., to Apollo. Consult note on verse 36. —riv de xoOplv 1LptC1ogS. "While the other, the daughter of Brises." Literally, a but this one, the daughter," &c. Observe the latent demcnstra.. five meaning in r7j,Zv and rijv be.- vEov. " But just now." Literally, " lately," or "recently." —rv Lzot d6cav. For pv otL d66aav. 393-398. ec dvvaaat ye. " If, at least, thou art able." Tne in. dicative here implies a strong belief on his part that she does pox sess this ability.- wrepiXeo ratdkg tiioc. "Aid thy valiant son." We must write Eioc, not Etot. It is the genitive of EtV. Tois expression of sel.praise on the part of Achilles is in full accordance with the habits, &c., of the heroic age. The form MEog is supposed to be the genitive of igg or Cevrg, a sister form of etg, and to have the meaning of" thy." But consult Buttmnann's Lexilogus, s. v. ei wrore d' 7L. Compare verse 40. —dvnaag. "Thou didst gratitfy." —-ts cat.. " Or even, also." 7TO220dMtL yap Gco, K. T. X. "'For often, in the halls of my father, have I heard thee boasting, when thou didst say that thou alone, among the immortals, didst warot oft unseemly destruction from the dark-cloud-enveloped son of Satlrn." Compare the analogous Latin form of expression: audiebam em te. ouuam diceres.-cao. Depending on iiKovma. The palace of Peleus is meant, not the ocean-abode of Nereus. Had this latter been in — tended, the Greek would have been wrarpb coio. Achilles had never been in the ocean-house of Nereus; and, besides, the separa tion of Thetis from Peleus is a posthomeric legend. The bard makes no mention of any such divorce. (Consult Spitzner, ad loc.) iceaatveroi'. A striking epithet, applied to the god of rains and tempests, and describing him as enthroned amid darkest clouds, or, as Virgil expresses it, "rmedid nimborum nocte." (Georg., i., 328 Comrapare the explanation of Passow: " in diistre Gewoilke gehlzlten." (Lee., s. v.)- oel. Observe the employment of the nominative with the infinitive, the reference being to the same subject with the verb (1erlj0a) that precedes.-As regards the literal force of the dative Kpoviovt, consult note on verse 67. 400-404. HaX2rat'ASOvy7. Neptune and Juno, the latter more especially, were frequently brought into collision with Jove; but M-inerva, the beloved daughter of Jupiter, seldom, if ever. Wolf, therefore, prefers the reading of Zenodotus, who gives 4,oi6or'X.r,61 NOTES TO BOOK [., ]8;,wp instead of llasXRecl'At0v/7. —r6v y' Vew2uaao 6eauL.w,.' Dlds1 rescue this same deity from bonds." Observe the force of ye in conjunction with r6v: "this deity, ind ed,' "Ithis particular deity," this same deity." Observe, also, in irwe?2acao the force of v-ir6 in composition, "didst free him from falling under fetters," s. a., under the control of fetters. E:hr67yxetpov. " The hundred-handed one."- Bptdpewv. "Bri~trculs." This name is supposed to mean "the powerful one," and is regarded as a derivative from the adjective fptap6g. It is worthy of observation, that, according to _Elian (V. H., 11), the Columns of Hercules were called, In the earliest poetry, ai arilZai BpLtpeo, ".*the Columns of Briareus." —-caXovaL 6eoi. Homer often gives two names to objects, one of these being, according to him, the appellation used by the gods, and the other that employed by men. On all such occasions, the so-called language of the gods is supposed to give the oldest forms of expression, such, for example, as were employed in the earliest poetic legends, wherein the gods themselves were introduced as speakers, and which forms or names became, in process of time, more or less obsolete; whereas, by the language of men, he means the common or current idiom of his own day. Hence the remark of the scholiast: ro jelv 7rpoyeviEarepoV 6voua ei rofr 6eoVb avac0pet 6 O rOtrIgf. " The poet attributes the more ancient name to the gods." avdpeg d6 re T rdref AlyaiLv'. " But all men also LEgeon." Observe here the peculiar force of re. The gods named him Briareus; and men also gave him a name, but this latter was 2Egaeon.Aiyaiwv'. The gigantic being here alluded to had fifty heads and a hundred hands. His brothers were Gyges and Cottus, each witn the same number of heads and hands. With regard to the parentage of the three, however, ancient legends differ. Hesiod makes them the sons of Uranus and Gea; whereas-Homer would seem to indicate Neptune as their father, an account in which the scholiast agrees, who, in speaking of 2Egnon, remarks, rbv rEarapa loaetduohva ma-tepd6e6vPv. Many commentators, however, prefer the pedigree given by Hesiod, and make Neptune to have been merely the father. ir1 —law of rHEgoeon, the latter having married his daughter Cymopo. h':a. (Wolf, Vorles. ed. Ust., p. 145.) The three beings here men.!itned are mere personifications of the extraordinary powers of nature, as developed in earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the like. 404-406. 6 yap are Aim, K. r. XA.' For this one in his turn, was better in strength than his sire." By 7r-ar6c Neptune is meant, fO 182 i(T3E, S TO BOOK i. whetther we ai e to regard him as the father or father-in-law of,Cganon. (Consult preceding note.) —y6p. This particle refers back to Kaxfegaa', and assigns th reason why Thetis called on him for aid.-a-rr. Neptune, in union with the other gods, was more pow erful than Jupiter; but Briareus or AEgga'n, in his turn, was strongei than Neptune. cC pa. " Who, namely," i. e., he, namely. We have here in Greek an instance of the construction so frequent in Latin, where the relative is introduced after one or more intermediate clauses, and takes the place of a personal or demonstrative pronoun. In such cases the particle pa or dpa is added to the relative, in order to indicate recapitulation, and show that the thread of the narrative is resumed. (Kiihner, { 800.) Compare Cic., Phil., iv., 5: ~ Virtus est una altissimis defixa radicibus: qua (z. e., haec enim) nunquam uldl vi labefactari petest," &c. —KcJE/ yaiov. "Exulting in his high renown," i. e., proud of the conspicuous part he was performing. rov Kai.wrddetaav, K. T. X. "This one the blessed gods even dreaded, nor did they bind (Jove)." Literally, " nor did they also bind." Observe here the peculiar force of re. As, on the one hand, they dreaded Briareus, so also, on the other, they bound not Jupiter. or, in the Latin idiom, "ut ilium metuebant, ila nec Jovem vinciebant." The legend partially detailed in the text is given more fully by one of the scholiasts. Jupiter, after having obtained the sovereignty n, the skies, indulged in a tyrannical exercise of authority, and a sedition in consequence arose among the other gods, who formed thereupon a conspiracy to bind him. Thetis, however, having learned their intentions by means of Nereus. her prophetic sire, hastened to the aid of Jove, attended by Briareus, who terrified the gods from their purpose. Jupiter, as a punishment, suspended Juno by the wrists from the skies, and commanded Neptune and Apollo to work fot Laomedon, andt build the walls of Troy. 407-412. Kay Xae6 yodvwv. " And take hold of im by the knees." Supply Ltv. Observe in the genitive yo7vwv the reference to a part.f the entire frame. The usual attitude of'uppliants was to clasp the knees of the person addressed with one hnand, and to touch his ~chin or beard with the other. Compare verse 500, seq.-at KiE "crwf. "It; perchance, in any way." Observe the wish that this may happen, implied in the particle at, and consult note on verse 66. -- FTri'p)rFoatv apilaL. "To lend aid unto the Trojans." Here, as before, there is no tmesis, but the acverb i'ri, though forming one blended idea with the verb, relt ins, nevertheless, its distinct adverbial signification. NOTES TO BOOK I.?rk iC Kiard( npiLuvac, K. r. A. "And to hem in tnose others, the Greeks, at their sterns, and round about the sea (shore), getting slaughtered (all the while)." As- regards the force of ea2at here, consult Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. -The sterns of the vessels, as tlbese lay drawn up on the beach, were turned toward the inland parts, and their prows toward the sea. This was always customary after voyages. Achilles, therefore, wishes that the Greeks may be hem. med into the space between the first line of ships and the land. Compare note on verse 306.-E-xraVp vral. "May enjoy." Ironical.-ijv Jravp. "His evil folly." The term rU7T appears to imply here a kind of judicial blindness, inflicted on erring mortals, under the influence of which they commit deeds which finally induce their own destruction. (Compare Williams's tomerus, p. 82.)- 0r' For (Ire. "When." Not for drt 413-416. Kanti dawpv XEovc a. "Pouring down the tear." Observe the adverbial force of caT.; —ri vUi. "Why, indeed." Analogous to the Latin quidnam.-atvE. "Unhappily," i. e., in an evil hour. The neuter plural of the adjective is here employed ad. verbially, instead of the regular adverbial form alvir. ca6' *6Reke' Wgal. " Would that thou wast sitting." The scholias refers fafOa to an idle and inactive life (f1r7i 6d rin rpoeO/iznv Tv Ch iripaKrov fiov Ocaat). Not so, however. The spirit of the wish is contained in dauicpvrov and uriy,uova. —7rel av, rot, K. r. 12. "Since, indeed, the fated portion of existence unto thee is for a very short -time, and not at all very long." In the old language the same idea is often expressed twice, once affirmatively, and immlediately there after negatively. —/ivvvOa. The adverbs wdvvvOa and 6dv come in here with a sort of adjective force. So we have ga for roioC, in II., iv., 318, and elsewhere; Xa2serdCg for xa;e7riv, II., vii., 424, &c. — 7rip. Equivalent here to the Latin valde. 417-420. rrepi rdivrwv. "Above all." Compare verses 258 and 287. —E7r.eo. "Thou art." Properly speaking, "thou wast and still art." The imperfect of 7riZ/oyat has very commonly, as here, the force of a present. —rn. "Therefore." For roarwT, i. e., &z& rovro. —IaKn, abe?,. "Unto an evil destiny." —To EpEovaa. "To communicate for thee," i. e., for thy gratification: roe foi Aot.-en/' -airij. "I myself will go." Compare, as regards the force of el/ut here, the note on verse 169. aycdvvetov. "The very snowy." Homer has here Olympus in view merely as a mountain, and therefore describes it as having its summit covered with snow. Modern travellers agree in this, and portray Olympus as never free freon snow at the top. (Dot~,vcl. NOTES TO BOOK,. Class Tour, vol. ii., p. 1 )5.) When, however, tile poet ias Olymnpul oefore his imagination as tie abode of the gods, all is bright and,lear, and no mentiot. whatever is made of a snowy mountain.'Consult Viciker, Horn. Geogr., p. 6.) 422_-124.,u'vst''Axaiokrtv. "Indulge thy wrath against the (Greeks." More literally, " be angry with the Greeks." —E'&trceavov,, ter' dciz~/ovaC, &c. " To Oceanus, among the blameless AEthio. Dians, unto a banquet." As regards the distinction between'E and uer, Voss correctly remarks, that these two prepositions, or rather adverbs, are frequently so employed in connection by Homer, that the former has reference to the place, the latter'to the assemblage encountered there. -(lKr. BI., i., p. 200.)'QcKeav6v. According to Homer, the earth is a circular plane, and Oceanus is an immense stream circling around it, and from which the different rivers run inland in the manner of bays. Homer terms the Oceanus (itJop6ooc, because it thus flowed back into itself.Ai0eotrda,. Who the Homeric.Ethiopians were is a matter ot doubt. The poet elsewhere speaks of two divisions of them, one dwelling near the rising, the other near the setting of the sun, both having imbrowned visages, from their proximity to that luminary, and both leading a blissful existence, because living amid a flood of light; and, as a natural concomitant of a blissful existence, blame less, and pure, and free from every kind of moral defilement. By the Eastern iEthiopians, Homer is generally thought to mean the imbrowned natives of Southern Arabia, who brought their wares to Sidon; and by the Western iEthiopians the Libyans. V6lcker, however, is in favor of making the legend of the Eastern -,Ethiopians to have arisen from some obscure acquaintance, on the part of the Greeks, with the land of Colchis. (Homerische Geogr., p. 87, scqq.)!teri dacra. The. gods here attend a banquet or great festival given by the blameless and pious race of the -Ethiopians, but whether given by the Eastern or Western race is not stated by the poet. -The common text has IETrH darTa, as we have given it. Wolf and Heyne, however, following Aristarchus, give Kara 6aera, in order to avoid the double.era'. But Karra (atra, as Spitzner remarks, can only signify ad cibum sibi parandum, which is certainly not the meaning here. Besides, that Homer is not averse to the repetition of prepositions, the following passages will abundantly show. If.. xvii., 432: ro 6' oeir' ai+b irtn viae En rr2.arav'ELCrw7ov7rov l}08XEuri, levat.-Od., i., 183: 7riZ&oV ETr otvoira rrovrov e's Zil4oOp6tov &v6p Rrovc.-II., xxii., 503, sei.: EaeaGc' Ev AEKTOLtt,, EV,i) O;lieea rsO5vrqr, edv' vt v ta;)a.S, Se. NOTES 1' BOOK i. - I[f.. 425-427. d6,cdre,. Supply f /~tj,, which is already imilied ir ot~idf. —rot. "I assuie thee." More literally, "for thee." In both this and the following line, TOt raust be regarded, not as the ordinary particle, but as the dative of the pronoun, that is, rol for coi. (Nagelsbach, Excurs., ii., p. 178.) —Kac rdr' Ere'trd rot, IC. r. X. "LAna then thereupon will I go, I promise thee, to the brazen-based mansion of Jove." Literally, " will I go for thee."-jupv 7reaseaOat. "That he will acquiesce." More literally, " that he will persuade himself (to listen to my prayer)." 429-430. ii46voto yvvaeo6g. "On account of the well-cinctured fetnale," i. e., the female of graceful form. Observe here the employment of the genitive, to denote " in respect of," " on account of." There is no-need whatever of supplying'velca.-Trtv'ta PiV UE&iovrof, iK. r. XA. "Whom, namely, they had taken away by force from him unwilling." More literally, however "by force in respect of him unwilling," i. e., exercised towari him unwilling. Observe that rtv pa is for,v'pa, and consult note on verse 405. 431-435. ZKavev. "Was proceeding, meanwhile" More literally, "was coming.".-oi 6' ore s t'Kovro. "And when *.hese now were come." —arei2avro. "They furled."-&-i av. Supply aVr7. —Ir7ov 6' iarod6,n ri2uRacav, It. r. A. "And the mast the) brought to its receptacle, having lowered it quickly by ropes." B) the iGTro66K7 is meant the place for receiving the mast when lowered, while by the 7rp6rovot are indicated the ropes or main-stays passing over the head of the mast and secured at both the prow and stern. Hence, as the mast sank in one direction on being lowered, the stay in the other direction would keep it from descending too rapidly. (Consult Terpstra, Antiq. Hon., p. 312.) -riv 6' elf Opyov,TpoEpe[a)av Ep~eTrOLr. "And they rowrd her forward with oars into her mnoorage." We have given, with Spitzner, 7rpoEpeoaav, the reading of several grammarians, instead of the rrpopvlcaav of the ordinary text. The verb Vrpospvetv is Pmt, to impel by means of oars, but, to drag forward or launch, as in verse 308. According to Eustathius (ad Od., 9, 73), xrpoipecaav vas the reading also of Aristarbhus. Consult Spitzner's remarks,;n opposition to those of Hleyne and Voss. 436-437. ervdr. "The sleepers." These were large stones thrown out on the shore, unto which the halsers were made last from the stern of the ship. Anchors were not known in the heroic ages. —raT 6' rrpvYVijaL' g6oaav. " And down thereunto they bound the stern-fasts." Obser'e the adverbial force of Kartd.-cai avroLt. Compare the scholiast: ci uwi,ov rag ei,vhf ei6a,;ov, e; a 2a'L a4urol Q2 186 NO ES TO IL,)OK i. tB'atvow..-. 3alvov The imperfect is here worthy of notice in tni. imast of so rmany aorists, and indicates a coming forth of several pe,. sons in succession. The victims, on the other hand, are driven out in a body; and so, again, Chryseis comes forth individually, wherez the aorist is again employed. —Eui py~vLt. The adverbial 7nri merely denotes the direction of the: action that is executed, and as this action is continued, or, in other words, as they remain some time on the shore, the dative is employed. 438-441. 19?cav. "They caused to go." Consult note on verse 310.-r -/~ r-ovrow6poto. "From the ocean-traversing ship."-rtY fIEV eret'. "This female thereupon." —rarpi ~ia, v XEpt. "In the hands of her father." Literally, "in the hands unto her father." 442-448. rpo' it' Err&te v. "' Sent me forth." Compare note on versb 3, rpotaipev, and on verse 195,'rpo yap axe. —PSat. Consult note on verse 147. — p'' i caavuea6a. " In order that we may propitiate." The subjunctive, with the mood-vowel shortened. —v'v. " Lately.'. —roV'aToro va IKOE'. " Woes productive of many groans." - d 6i. "The other, thereupon." Consult note on verse 391. —roi (' 5ica. "And they quickly." Literally, "and these quickly." rol for O.L — eEiyg. "In continued order." 449-450. XepvitPavro 6' eiretra. "And then they washed theii hands." We now enter upon the details of a sacrifice, and the feast consequent thereon. Before the officiating personages touched any thing belonging to the sacrifice, they always washed their hands in lustral water, that is, water consecrated by a religious rite.-Kcai ov;ox-vrag advuXovro. " And took up the salted barley-meal." The head of the victim, before it was killed, was in most cases strewed with roasted barley-meal (ov2L6Xvrca or otooXvrat) mixed with salt; answering to the mola salsa of the Latins. —rottv de6. Consult note )n verse 58.-,uey62A'. "Earnestly." 451-456. Kc2.V0i',ev, Ic. r.?.. Repeated from verse 37, &c. —Md ovE ~'OTE rcipoc. "Already, on one occasion before this." We have retained here the common reading, with Heyne, Wolf, and iigelsbach. Spitzner gives _? lkiv 6( TroTE.-7-rticaa yItv bUe. -' Thou didst honor me, indeed." This line'is in apposition with the one that precedes, and hence arises the asyndeton, or absence of the connecting conjunction. Observe, also, that r7ricqaa, as siown by the accentuation, and the presence of tev and d6, is the aorist indicative, and not the participle.- Tne latter would have been written rtF7(aac, its final syllable being long.-d6'.-t Kai vav.,,%And now still farther, also." a6' is for id6, not'd67.-1dia vnim NOI'_ZS TO BO-OK I. thi vero instant." More literally,'"now, (even) now."'; adldition of vvv to M74, as Hoogeveen remarks, excludes all delay 458-463. azvruip tir'e tpa. "But when then." —jai oXo?7rac 7rpL~ 6C2,ovro. "And. had cast forward the salted meal," i. e., hal sprinkled it on the head of the victim. They had held the salted mneal in their upraised hands during the prayer of Chryses. Comiare verse 449. —abvpvaav FE'v rrpdra. " They first drew back (the neck)," i. e., so as to turn the throat upward, the sacrifice being one to a celestial deity. When a victim was offered to a god of the lower world, the throat was turned downward. —Kai ESaqafav icai &detpav. "And cut the throats, and flayed (the victims)." —caTr re cviUap Klcidvibav. "And covered them completely with fat." Ob-:erve the peculiar force of the adverbial Ktca7. The primitive idea " " down," "down to the very bottom," and hence "completely,"'thoroughly."- 6irrTvXa 7rot5aavreS. "Having made it double," e. e., having placed upon them double pieces of fat. This was done n order to expedite the burning. Observe that 6inTrvxa is here the zuccsative singular of 6rdirv~, agreeing with Kvicrv understood. iompare Bulttmann's Lexil., p. 208, ed. Fishlake, and the note of the.ranslator. Eir' avrSCv 6' uoOBEriaav. 1" And upon them placed raw pieces."fir' aXi[7f. "On sticks of cleft wood."" aXigs for qXiCatls.-fe46e. -Kept pouring a libation." Observe the change fiom the aorists to the imperfects iace, 2Lide6,'Xov, &c., as denoting continuance oi action. —rap' avr7v. We should here expect wrap' a,'r7. The accusative, however, is correct enough, since a kind of motion is, in fact, implied. We translate irap' avr'6v, "beside him;" but the meaning properly is, "having come up to him and placed themselves by his side." ireurr6oua.."Five-pronged forks." With thesethey held down the more important entrails, or if any had, amid the action of the flames, escaped from their places, they restored them to these. This was done to prevent any part of the entrails from falling to the ground, which would have been a most inauspicious omen. 464-465. a'ircp, Ire Ktcara #6p' EKIc(r, K. r. X. "But when the thighs were completely consumled, and they had tasted the entrails."-ar2aiyxva. By these are meant the lungs, liver, heart, &c., which were always tasted by those present, befoie the regular meal commenced on the roasted flesh of the victim.-y-iarvt2Sv r' apa rTaua, x. t-. 2... They then both cut into small pieces the other parts, and pierced them through and through with spits." Observe ttL petculiar construction in ai40' 6eXoaatr": literally, "they pierced i 88 NOTES TO BOOK 1. them rount cbout with spits," i. c., they pierced thein In such a way that the flesh covered the spit all around, or, in other words, lay all around the spit. 466-468. epvaavro re 7rdvTa.. "And drew them all off," i. e., oft from the spits. Observe the middle voice: drew them off for themnselves. — Tdvov. "From their labor," i. e., the toil connected with the details of the sacrifice, and more particularly the preparations for the banquet after the sacrifice. —oV66 -C &v/dSf d6ero70, IC. 7. A; "Nor did the feelings (of any one) at all feel the want of an equal banquet," i. e., the banquet was an equal one for all, and all took an equal share of it. (Compare Voss, Kr. Bl., i., p. 207.) Nkgelsbach gives a different, but less natural explanation: "Nor did the feelings (i. e.. the craving) of any one at all feel the want of food proportioned (to them)," i. e, proportioned to that craving. In other words, the feast was an abundant one, and each one could satisfy his craving for food to his own content. According to this view, we must supply 1iv,/@ after t'aTsg. 469-470. beret EC ipov Evro. " VThen they had taken away from themselves the desire." Observe the force of the middle in E-,ro.vpyir-paf ierEcriTbavTo 7ro'roTo. "They filled the mixers to the brim with drink." We have followed in this the explanation of iButtmann (Lexil., i., p. 92). There is no allusion whatever to any crowning of the bowl, or encircling it with garlands, but the vessel is supposed to be filled as full as possible, the liquor rising slightly above the brim, and thus forming a kind of cover, or what may be called in poetic language a crown.-Observe that by KpiTrpac are meant, not drinking-cups, but large bowls in which the wine was mixed with water, and from which the liquor was then served to the guests. The ancients very seldom drank their wine pure. 471-473. vtSttpeav d' doa -rdovV, Kh. r. A. "And then they distribu. ted unto all, having given a part (unto each) in cups." The expression a-orapSucevot dercidEaca v is commonly rendered, " having begun (fiom the left) in cups." But the erroneous nature of this version has been fully shown by Buttmann, who gives bErapfduevoi the meaning which we have adopted, and deduces it from the peculiar force of 6pxcaOat, as regards religious ceremonies, namely, " to take away," "to take part of," "to take from." The preposition erri, moreover, in combination with dpxeceOat, indicates here the relation of the simple ap.,ee-Oat to the individuals to whom it is givea,or among whom it is divided. (Buttmann, Lexil., i., p. 110.) oi 6E, KovpoL'Axaiv. "' And they, the sons of the Greeks." Con. nalt note on verse 2.- TravudpIroL. "All day long." C(oip.arv TO''TE TO BOOK *. 18 1 teplV, in versc it37. —25aaKovro. "Strove to piopitiate." —aa3L'atrOova. "Ah beautiful paean." By "paean" is meant a hymn or song, which was originally sung in honor of Apollo, and which seems to be as old as the worship of that deity.-Knight considers this verse, and the one that follows, spurious, because 7ratowv in Homer is not a paean, but the name of the god of Medicine, who is distinct from Apollo. Heyne also inclines to the opinion that they were inserted by some rhapsodist at a later day, when the names lIataov and Hlatav had become customary designations for Apollo. 475-478. eri. r2ae. "Had come on." —6i r6re tco/zpv.aavro, IC. r. A:. "Then, indeed, they laid themselves down to sleep by the sternfasts of the ship." The expression rapa nrpvjLviacta forms what is termed " constructio pr&agnans," an instance of which we hlave already had at verse 463: they went to, and laid themselves down to sleep by, &c —icai rr' er' vre' dyovro, C. r. r. " Then, thereupon, also they began to get under weigh for the wide-spread army of the Greeks."'Avedyeacat is a nautical term, -and equivalent to bec ro7;tiZvoc vivarC'iev, the opposite to which is iKardyecOat, "to sail into harbor from the main ocean." With ivdyovro we must supply rvp vaiiv. Observe, also, that as the mast was not yet raised, and the sail not yet spread, the imperfect here denotes the " conatus rei faciendce." 480-487. ar.'aavr'. "Set up." —&va "' iaria t evc'K xc-Eraaaav.' And spread on high the white sails." Observe the adverbial force of ivda. —Ev d' viivEoS 7rpicE, K. r. X.. "And the wind streamed powerfully within, against the middle of the sail." Observe here the peculiar adverbial force of v: the wind streamed against the sail in such a way that it was therein. —aL'i 6e are/pg. "While at the keel round about," i. e., round about the keel. Observe the adverbial force of dqioi, and note that arEi-p, is properly the locative case, indicating " at" or " in" a place.-vats ioSaCi. "The ship proceeding on her way," i. e., as the ship proceeded. 1Oee Kcacra K1bta. "Ran along the wave."-j-er arcparO6v. A more correct reading than the common car acrpar6v, and adopted by Spitzcer. Ulysses and his companions came to the Grecian army, not through it.-via jEv oetyE eXatvav, K. r.,. " These same (standing) upon the shore drew the black ship high up on the sands." Observe that ye in o'iye has here a recapitulating force.-The genitive 7*reipowo denotes the spot to be reached, and from which, in the present instance, the motion of drawing commences, while the adverbial ieri indicates the direction of the vessel's course toward the shore in obedience tcr that same motion. Whien the vessdl ha.s reached the L90 NOTES 10 BOOK 1. shore, the next thing to be done is to draw it high up on the talt here tnr, is again employed to denote direction, and we have now the dative in baudiSOotf, because this is to be a permanent resting-place for the ship. —Viro 6' Ep/eara I[aKpa ravvaonv. "And they extended long props beneath." These props were placed on each side of the vessel, in order to keep it upright. Grashof, however, thinks that they were long beams, placed lengthways, on each side of the ves sel, in a line with the keel, and thus keeping the ship erect. This, as he thinks, would allow more space between the different vessels and more room for fighting. (Das Schiff bei Homer und Hesiod, p. 31.)-hKhagdvavro. " Scattered themselves." 488-492. avratp o ujvtce. " But that (other) one (meanwhile) kept cherishing his wrath." Observe the demonstrative force of o, as indicating Achilles, and the continued action expressed by the imperfect.-tCvwr6potatv. We have placed a comma aftA this word with Wolf, in order to bring in the next line with more force.-OVJri 7or' ekc a'yop'v, IC. r. 2U. "Neither at any time did he go to the assembly which makes men illustrious," i. e., where men have an opportunity of acquiring renown by their eloquence and wisdom.C0tv06eCaKe q62ov Kip. 1" He kept pining away (in) his heart." The minor scholiast makes OtvO8eaKE transitive here, and equivalent to PO0etpe. It is more Homeric, however, to give it an intransitive signification, and to make sup the accusative of nearer definition. avhh utEVeo)V.'Remaining there (where he was)." —roO0evee 6 &7r, Ko. Tr.?. " And he longed for the battle-cry and the war," i. e. he wished some engagement to take place, in order that his absence from the: battle-field might be severely felt by the Greeks, especially by Agamemnon, since he firmly believed that they could not conquer without his aid. 493-497. EK OrO.o " Fromrn that time." ro7o for roV (i. e., rovrov), with an ellipsis of Xpovov.-dvose.car7. Compare verse 425.-xat rTOT 6j. " Then, indeed, also." Observe here the force of Kai: not only the twelfth morning came, but the gods then also proceeded to Olympus. — iia. "At the same time." — Vpxe. "Led the way." — aX' ay' dvedtaero KVOca Oa26aearavC. *" But this same (goddess) came up unto the wave of the sea," i. e., unto the surfcee of the sea. We c ust be careful not to render S/Oa Oaai3aam7, as some do, "from the wave of the sea;" this would require the genitive xiuaror. Compare verse 359, "vidv ron2yt7 d'i?6, and Od., v., 337, eivedvaero;tjUvrqC, in both of wtich cases the genitive is rightly employed, for there the idea is that of emerging fiom In the present NOTES TO BOOK. instance, however, Thetis comes forth from the deep waterl, u nto the waves on their surface (hence the accusative of motion to. ward), arn then ascends to the skies. Consult Nagelsbach, ad loc. 7reply 6' cvi6i?. "And amid the mist of the morning she ascended.' We have adopted the meaning given to Iepi[, in this passage, by Voss: "' Stieg sie in neblichter Fruhe," &c., and which is adopted by Nfigelsbach. The common translation is, " early in the morning;" but, if this be correct and geprly be merely a designation of time, it ought to have been menlioned in the first clause, with aveduaero, and not reserved for the second. According, however, to the explanation of Voss, Qepig can have nothing to do with ave6aero, and belongs, therefore, rightly enough, to Jvg6v. The pas:.age, too, in this way, gains vastly in poetic beauty.-opcavbv, Ov/ep7ro6v re. First she reaches the sky (o'pavoS), and then the summit of the fabled Olympus, which pierces the sky, and rises far upward on the other side of the vault of heaven, into the regions of eternal light. 498-502. riip /u evov 6i?2eov. " Sitting apart from the rest."-. iKpordryaT Keopv0b. The palace of Jove was on the highest peak cl the mountain. —ro;~vzeLpd6doS OVtlVt/roto. "Of the many-peaked Olympus." Compare the explanation of roav6detpcidof, as given by the scholiast: rroailir l'f:oxah IXOvr'og. In the language of poetry, Olympus had thrice three hundred summits assigned to it. Compare the scholiast: " rpti 6de rpt7nSCtal rcopvqal vtO6evrof'OrrI-ov." vn' tvOepeUvof Eto~aa. "Having taken him under the chin." In verse 407, mention is made of clasping or taking hold of the knees; i.o this is now added the touching of the chin. Hence Pliny remarlrs: "Antiquis Grcecice, in supplicando, mentum attzngere mos erat.'H.. NT., xi., 5, 103. Compare also Eurip., Hec., 342.) The genitive itvOepetsvoc depends more on le'ovaa than on the adverbial wr6. Thetis took Jove by the chin (hence civOepe(ivor, the genitive of part) in such a way that her hand was extended under (irr6) the idame. —lvaKra. "Monarch of the skies." 503-506. ei rTore d/i. Consult note on verse 40. —e ar' f'Oava roavw. " Among the immortals." —luyaov. "Honor." To be taken inl a general sense, and equivalent to "'make illustrious," "render corn spicuous,'" " bestow favors upon," &c. —S)cvj/op7irdro7f a(LXav EnRET'js the most swift-fated of all." Equivalent, in fact, to cemv/eop(5 repoe aiwocv, or lnvjz/op6-rardC 7ravi7Wv. Tl.e literal meaning, "most swift-fated of others," would appear to us ungrammatical, and yet;aRoe merely excludes an individual of the same k'n I with the rest, though differing from them in degree, so that the same pcrson mai b said both to belong and not to b'elong to the class in quefiti. 92 4rOTir.TS't BOOK I. We hase at itrsitat-on of this construction ilu Tacitus (.gr,., 34): "/ti ceterorurn Britailnorum fu.gacissimi." —'rerE'. Equiva. lent here to kbTe. Consult note on verse 418.-a-rtp. "For." A similar usage prevails in Latin, where autem sometimes has the force of enim. Thus we may say, as a paraphrase of the present passage, " Honore filium orna; est autem nunc quidem ducis iqnyuria privatus honore." (Niigelsbach, di loc.) 508-.510. cLad av o7rp Iv i TWOV.. "Do thou, however, by all means honor him," i. e., do thou certainly extend to him that honor which others have failed to render him. — u7rera ZEV. " Cou nseling Jove," i. e., Jove, parent-source of all wise counsels. — Er Tpc)catl rK0et KpUTOp. "Bestow might upon the Trojans," i. e.. the might that leads to victory. The adverbial kEri here increases the idea of the continuance of that power. It is to be given to the Trojans, and to rest upon them for a time.-bO5EXkwa'i re -;k 7-ta,. "And may advance him in honor." Literally, "may increase him with honor." Compare the Latin, " augere aliquem honors." 511-513. vewep2ayeparn Zent. "The cloud-collecting Jove." — 6 racTo yovvwv, Se. i-. X. "As she touched his knees, so she kept holding, having g-rown unto them (as it were)." With'Xero supply yo7vonn or avrSiv, though not required in the translation. We have here, in n-7reifvvia, a singular but bold expression. She clung to the knees as firmly as if she had grown unto them and now formed part ol the very framne of Jove. Virgil has a very feeble imitation of this in his "genus amnplexus herhebat." (AEn., iii., 607.) It must be observed that, in a strict Homeric translation, the particle d5t would be demonstrative here in both clauses: "so she touched his knees, so.she kept holding." Compare the German idiom, "so viel Kdpfe, so viel Sinne," and also the well-known passage in Virgil, " ut vidi, ut perii, tut me malus abstulit error." (Eclog., viii., 41.) 514-516. vyt7epnir yerv 6' Bot VhTlr6cXEo. "Promise me nov;, indeed, for certain." Observe that /ztv is here for u'v. The particle 4A, on the other hand, intimates a wish that no farther delay take place, but that the request be granted at once. —Kea acardvvevaov. "And ratify (that promise) with a nod," i. e., and give me sonme outward sign of such promise. — ke 0o ro' EoTn 6do. " Since there is no cause for fear unto thee." Observe that JioC here is not metus, but ctaesa metuendi. — E&re. For En7rert.-OCaov. " How far," i e., in what degree.-U-rqztonrlrl a e 6c. "The least honored deity." 517-519. ftdy' hxO'i6aa. " Greatly disturbed." According to Butt. mann (Lcxie, s. v.), the verb bXOkw denotes, in general, every kind of riolent tn.iation at events. a.tions, and wo,'rds which stm;ke th NOTES TO BOOK 1. 193 mind unpleasantly. —i- 6~ aoiyta X i. Assuredly, now, (these will be) mischievous doings." Supply cad' tirat, not eTcr, and compare verse 573, where the full form of expression is given. - itc.,"Since."-, r'vdv jp' MpaVLtv. "When she shall provoke me." The particle dv implies the possibility of such an event soon taking place, from the known character of Juno. 520-527. ] de,cea adreoc t' airv veKce. "For she, even thus, mJ ever taunting me," i. e., even as in the present instance, without any provocation on my part, and in full accordance with her suspicious and haughty temper.-icai r- p7at. "And says, also."- awryc I5roretxe. "Go back again." —voo. "May perceive," i. e., may perceive thy visit to the skies.-Kce t8e9erat. " Will be a care to me, if naught prevent." Observe the force of the particle ce in lessening the certainty implied by the future.-el -' aye. Consult note on verse 302.-C- d/ezOev ye. " From me, at least." Implying that other gods may have other modes of giving a pledge, but that this is his. —od yap duybv TraR;lvdyperov, K. T. 2.. "For that of mine is not revocable, neither accustomed to deceive, nor not to be accomplished, whatsoever I shall confirm by a nod with my head."5re. Observe the comprehensive meaning of this term, " whatevel it may be," " of what kind soever," &c. It is incorrect, therefore, to refer,/rv to r/icptop merely. On the contrary, it relates to whatever comes from Jove, whatever is ordained by him. 528-530. y, IKae evavEvtv dir' OppdaCt, I. r. A. "The son of Saturn spoke, and nodded thereupon with his dark eyebrows." When Phidias, the famous sculptor, was asked from what pattern he had framed his noble statue of the Olympian Jove, he answered, it was from the archetype which he found in this line of Homer. Virgil, remarks Valpy, gives us the nod of Jupiter with great magnificence: "Annuit, et nute totum trenmefecit Olympum." But Homer, in describing the same thing, pictures the sable brows of Jupiter bent, and his ambrosial curls shaken at the moment when he gives the nod, and thereby renders the figure more natural and lively.-e-7r-e/~JaVr. " Streamed one upon the other." Observe the force of dErt.pesyav 6' 0,0 t2e'ev'YO2LviTrov. "And he caused the mighty Olympus to tremble (to its base)." The verb?LeeZ~u here expresses a quick vibratory motion. 531-535. ddruayev. "Separated."-Zeag R E dev irp0g rijea. "But Jove (proceeded) to his own abode." Supply Eg6, which is to be elicited, in fact, out of ci2ro. —aos 7irarpgf EvaVTiov. "In the presence of their sire." Observe the genitive here with'vavrTov, the cause of motion, on the part of the assembled gods, coming frti P 194 NO1 S ro BOOt i. the entrance. of their sire.-j-eZival ZTrep,L:6zvc "1". a ai'Or hx. approaching." More literally, "coming on."- ( Tvrl:).'Before him." 536-539. c4s. I" Thus," i. e., under such circumstance-. —, 5 pULt'Hpy7 7yvoiswcev, ic. r. 2u. "Nor concerning him was Juno ignorant; having seen, how that," &c.-oi avzapci'aaaro fovaiF. "Had just been concerting plans with him." Observe the force of the aonsh, in referring to what has just taken place. —dcaoto y7pov7-o. "Oi the old man of the sea," i. e., of the aged sea-god. Referring to Nereus.-Keprotdlott. "In heart-cutting (words)." Supply brreat. 540-543. ri- 6' av. "And who again." 6' avi for 6e ah. Nigelsbach, with less propriety, makes it to be for 61 av. —o2ioyt7ra. Artful one."- -vu/pdaaaaro pfovtRa'. " Concerted plans with thee a moment ago." —s6vra. Observe the employment of the accusative here, ae being understood, where we would expect the dative, agreeing with uoi. In Attic Greek this becomes a common usage.puVrraodta /povEovra 6ttKaceEtv. "Revolving secret things in mind to come to decisions thereon," i. e., to make secret decisions, to decide on things apart from me. —erreTv j0ot ETrog 6Trt voC'PT. "To declare unto me any plan thou mayest have devised." More literally, "to declare unto me a plan, whatsoever one thou mayest have devised." 545-550. /iy{ d u7ravrag'roof, IK. T. A. " Do not, indeed, build any hopes upon (this), that thou shalt become acquainted with all my determinations." Observe the peculiar force of sirt in composition, and compare the explanation of Nigelsbach, " hoffe nicht darauf." xa;eroi 70rot aovr', It. r. A;. "They will prove burdensome unto thee, although thou art the partner of my couch," i. e., they will prove too burdensome for thy feebler intellects, as a female, although thou art my spouse. The scholiast makes Xaieroi equivalent here to f3aa6epoi, "' hurtful," " injurious," but in this way the words it2X. irrep'odca lose all their force. dail' 6v UfV IC' ( I7rtett't aCAiiovOtev. "But whatever one, indeed, it may be fitting (for thee) to hear." With dv supply loiov. —r''rtLLKEC. Supply,, so that it', becomes equivalent to the prose aiv?.-7-rp6repeC tivy' EiaETra. "Shall know this same one sooner (than thou)." Observe the recapitulating force of ye in combination with the pronoun. —u rt acv ra7ra IctaTa, IK. r. a. " Do not thou at all interrogate respecting each of these things, nor be prying into them." After 6v iZv we would expect rovrov, but raira Eaa-ra take its place, showing clearly that Ov is to be taken collectively. 551 -554. ofcirte Crr6rvtoa'Ho. "The large-eyed, revered Juno.' J40TES TO BOOK 1. 195 In poetic language, and especially in epic phraseology, tw J or more epithets are often added to a single substantive, withou any connecting conjunction, when these are merely ornamenta. epithets, and serve to point out the object more fiully to the view. (Kiihner, ~ 760, m.)-fo$Drtr. A large, full eye was an important ii.gredient in Grecian beauty, and the epithet poCdirtg is well qualified to express -his, signifying, literally, "ox-eyed," i. e., one who has large eyes like an ox. The term, moreover, is not confined in Homer to Juno merely, but is applied by him on one occasion to a Nereid (IL., xviii., 40), and on two other occasions to two other females. (11., iii., 144; vii., 10.) Miiller thinks that it had a special reference originally to the worship of the Argive Juno, and the legend of IT (Wissensch. JMythol., p. 263.) ai)6rare. " Most dread."-7-rolov TOv vtOov 8eilre f; "What kind of word is this thou hast just uttered!" Equivalent to xroGov 6ee'ref,rbrov irb1V0ov; "Of what kind hast thou uttered this very word 3.' — Kai XiGv are rdpog y', IC. 7. X. "Heretofore, at least, I even altogether neither interrogate thee, nor pry." Observe here the em-'ployment of icat:Vr/v (literally, " even very, greatly") to express a strong and positive assertion. It may be paraphrased by "even an much as thou thyself couldst wish." (Consult Naigelsbach, ad loc.) -elpolzat. The present here, as well as in erial2;td and epiCealt, is not for the perfect, as some explain it, but is purposely employed to bring the whole range of the past before the eyes, and to denote long-continued habit.-ah;2a pudi;' eXcy70oC, K. 7. X.; "But, very free from interruption on my part, thou meditatest on those things, whatsoever thou mayest wish." The adjective eilc7;oC in Homer is nearly equivalent to "tranquil," but only with the idea of freedom from all anxiety; interruption, danger, or other uncomfortable feel. ings. (Buttmann, Lxil., i., p. 141.) —io'. Observe that id'aa is for Srtva. 555-558. caE rapeirn-. "May have persuaded thee wrong." Observe here the force of nraod, as showing a deviation from the right way, as in 7rapa?otpav, rapa d63oav, rapa ric e'atla. Hence ae nrapei[rr may be literally rendered, " May have spoken unto thee by the side of what was right, and not in the same path with it."-j eC; dOW Karaveifaat Er'Tv[lov. i' Unto this one I imagine that thou didst nod assent for certain." 561-564. dat/ovimi. "Strange one." We have given here the meaning which appears to lie at the basis of datu6vtof. The or. dinary translation, "madam," carries with it a ludicrous air.-ale; u-i 6ireFa. oV ccG oE X8O. " Thou art exer, indeed, imagining, nor ds ~96) NOTES TO BOOK I. I (at aI) time; escape thy observation." —d'/tsrryl. "' lnd yet, a rfte all." 4?nri1 is equivalent to Eiv riiaot,.-c L' ur' &,v/uof, K: r. X. "On the contrary, thou shalt be farther away from my bosom," i. e., more estranged than ever from my affections. Observe that 4amr here is merely an adverb, "away," and that "from" is implied by the case. itself of vpuovo. —rot cat Piytlov. " Even more unpleasait tfor thee."-ourso. Referring to a'-r' &vploO udt.ov lutoi Ecet. 566-567. uAd v; TOt Oi XpaictorYtv, K. i.'.. "Lest, in that event, as many g3ds as there are in Olympus prove in reality of no avail unto thee against me coming near, whenever I shall have laid my unappioachable hands upon thee." Consult, as regards the form /? vi rot, the note on verse 28. —e(aoy i6vO'. More literally, "coming nearer," i. e., than I at present am. A difference of opinion exists with regard to M1vO' in this passage. Buttmann (Lexil., i., 1) maintains that it is not for the accusative singular i6vTre, agreeing with /ye understcod, but for 1ivre the nominative dual, in the sense of the plural, and agreeing with 9eoi. This, however, is opposed by Kiihner, Spitzner, and others. Buttmann himself, on a previous occasion (Ausfuhr. G. G., i., p. 136, note) was of the same way of thinking. The whole question turns on this, whether we can use after xpaEtatev the accusative of the concrete object (person or thing) to be warded off, and not merely such general ideas as 625EOpoC, -ihvarog, &c. Buttmann insists that we cannot, but the opposite opinion appears the niore correct one; and, besides, even supposing Buttmann's position to be correct, still, in the present in.stance, daloov o6vO' is nothing more, in fact, than i/e iOreOpov oipovra. 569-572. Kat /ba. "And accordingly."-twrtyvt/ipeaa a Oi~ov K?)p.;Having bent her heart (to submission)."-6XOqGav. " Were sore distressed." —KXvtor07xvvf. "Illustrious artificer," i. e., famed for his skill in the manual arts. To Vulcan, the fire-god, and son of Jupiter and Juno, was ascribed in fable a perfect acquaintance with the working of metals, and with all the secrets of the mechanical drts. —Eriflpa wtp&ov. "Striving to gratify." Lite ally, "'bringing agreeable things." We have retained riw7ypa, tLe commonly-received reading. Buttmann, however, adduces some strong reasons in favour of Erdt pa e'pwv, making'pa the accusative of an obsolete nominative Op. (Lexil., i., p. 149.) 573-579. 7 6j/ oiyta, ic. r. A. Consult note on verse 518. —-46e. "' Thus," i. e., even as you are now doing Not, " so violently." The Greek for this would be Tro6ov. —Ko4o6v E2avveVrov."Excite a dtisturbance."-datvro Et0aX~ M6oC. "Enjoyment of the goodly banquet."- I 7a Xrt )Ei1eo') vLtK "since these practcees, which arp NOTES'rO BOOK i 19'7 growing worse and worse, are gaining the ascendancy." Literally,' since these wor.se things conquer."-d' Ey( 7rapdflut.;' I recommend, therefore.' -ceai Gir, 7rep voEOvaO'. " Although she herself is possessed of intelligence," i. c., has mind of her own, and therefare needs no advice from me.-j-/u aer-e voeteiyat. "May not again wrangle (with her)." Observe the force of a-re: "again," z. e., as he often before has done. —avv d' ju/v datra rapacn,. "And disturb the banquet for us among ourselves," i. e., our common banquet. Observe the force of avv, " among ourselves" or " one another," a meaning arising from the ordinary signification, "' together." 580-585. ar7eV0etfat. " To hurl (us)." According to the pointing we have adopted, which is that of Heyne, Wolf, and Spitzner, there is an aposiopesis after arvoe:ieat, and we must add, in order to complete the sense, " he can easily do so." Some place a comma after E800,atLv, and make a7rvEsXlaL the optative, but this weakens the force of the passage. According to our pointing, a7rvoeriat is governed by,7dc'tv. —Opraro7. "The most powerful." —r6v E6eo c KcaOddireaOat yeaitlacoatv. "Strive to soothe this same one with soft words." The infinitive is here used absolutely for the imperative, without our being under any necessity of having recourse to an ellipsis of /,/vnao or /vaaet. Consult note on verse 323. —aeirc' nerre'. " Immediately thereupon." Kai avatGag, I. ri. A. "And, having started up, placed a double cup in the hand of his mother." Literally, "in the hand unto his mother." By d67rae'L/zlKcv'e toV7rr v is meant a drinking vessel having a cup at both ends. That this was the form of the vessel in question is shown by a passage in Aristotle (H. A., 9, 40), where he is describing the cells of bees as having two openings divided by a floor, like 0oLKcvreATa. 580-589. r&r2aOt. " Endure it." —vdaqXeo. "Restrain thyself." — (ki2LYv rrep eoduav. The particle 7rdp is here equivalent to valde, whereas with.dop06c/vi, in the previous line, it has the meaning of " thougli." —v 6ptae2lolatv. "With my own eyes." The adverbial iv, as Nigelsbach remarks, here denotes that the scene in question dwells, as it were, within his very eyes, and hence indicates the lasting impression which such a scene would naturally produce. — etveo!Ev7v. " Getting beaten." —pya2 mo7 yip'O2drlto' fdvrTlpeoeat. " Since the Olympian (king) is difficult to be opposed." More literally, "to be borne up against." Compare th > explanation of Wolf: " difficilis est, cui? esistatur." Some, less correctly, make dvTrt0pEr0aa the middle voice. 590-591. (3s'yp KaOi (SXOT'. " For before now also, oa aunthbc R2 NOTES TO BCOK 1. oceasion."-;e:,- vatc. "I To aid (thee)."-irodc reray2JV. " Hay ing seized me by the foot." Observe in ro66o the genitive of a part. Eustathius says that Jove flung him from heaven, as one would fling a hare, or some other animal of the kind, having caught it, namely, by the leg! —The fall of Vulcan from the skies is supposed, by some, to be symbolical of the lightnings descending forn the clouds; and he falls on the island of Lemnos, because it is a volcanic isle. The common fable. however, to which the poet here alludes. is told by the scholiast as follows: Hercules, having taken and sacked the city of Troy, was, on his return, driven to the island ot Cos by a storm of Juno's raising. This goddess, who hated him bitterly, had contrived to cast Jupiter into a deep sleep, that he might not interrupt her purpose. Jupiter, on awakening, discovered the deception, and cast Juno into fetters; and Vulcan, on attempting to loosen these, was discovered by Jupiter, and cast headlong down to Lemnos. 592-594. 7rrv /utap. All day long." —x2rireaov. "'I fell down." For KcarTEreaov.-boiyoc d' er&t Hob' EV"Ev. E" And but little life was yet in me."-t-Z vrte; 6vdpeS.'The Sintian men." According to the common account, the Sintians were a Thracian community, of rude and barbarous habits, who inhabited a district on the banks of the Strymon, north of the Siropaeones. They once occupied, as is said, the island of Lemnos. Miiller makes them Tyrrheni, which is the most probable supposit'ion. —dap Ko/taavro. " Immediately bore away," i. e., bore to their homes and tended. 596-598. 7rat6do ieEaro Xetpt Kv5ire2l2ov. "Received in her hand the cup from her son." Observe that 7raLd6g is here the Terminus a quo.-Ev6&ita. "In a direction from left to right." Consult Buttmann (Lcxil., i., p t74), who shows that at a banquet there was always a fixed place where they began to pour out the wine, and from this the cup wont round in a direction from left to right. Whatever else was doAe in rotation on these occasions, was done from superstitious motives in the same direction.-otvoXoet. " Kept pouring out," i. e., the nectar. —Kpnr-pog. The mixer on this occasion contains the pure,, undiluted beverage of the gods. Compare Glossary, on cv'aaua, line 598. 599-604. (;a6earoc 6' cdp' svipro, IK. T. A. " And inextinguishable laughter did thereupon arise among the blessed gods, When they saw Vulcan bustling about throughout the mansion." The verb,rotrvo, in its original sense, meant " to be out of breath;" in Ho. mer'Y time. haoudver, it was softened down into the idea merely of great exerti" t'Buttmann Lexil., i., p. 176.) The gods laughed NOT E.S - T() t5.()h, i. 1 99.4 irt ll; iusy attempt of' he lame deity to Imitate the giaecful move.:neats Af a Hebe or a Ganymede. o, 5ev y 6pewoppcv'og epicaX;tgo~, c. -. i2. "N(A, indeed, of the very.cautiful lyre, which Apollo held."':he form o/r ev (i. e., o,,nOv) it equivalent to a'2' ova' here.-Movadov d'. "Nor of the Mulses." Literally, " and of the Muses."-aeletC6zevat. "Responsive.". More literally,': answering in turn." 606-611. IcaKKEovr7e. "For the purpose of lying down." — ui6,vcel. " To his home." Each deity had a separate palace on Olympus.-' tu9yvetf. "Lame of both legs." This lameness was the consequence of his fall, when hurled from the skies by Jupiter. -idvi;a -,rpawideact. "With knowing mind," i. e., skilful invention.-?rpog d5v aXOg. "To his own couch." —vOa -rCpoc cKOatCO'. "Where before he was wont to lie down."-STe itv 7XyvKvS, K. T. X "As often as sweet sleep came upon him." Observe here the emr ployment of 6re with the optative, to express what takes place re peatedly or customarily. (Buttmann, G. G., ~ 139, 6.) —Ka6Oed'. " He lay down to repose." Observe that caOe,6' does not here mean'he slept," for he is described as still awake at the commencement of the second book, but only " he lay down in order to court repose." — apa de. "And by his side." Knight rejects this last verse as spurious. He regards it as the interpolation of a rhapsodist, who wished to terminate the canto as a particular rhapsody. His argul ment against it is, that Jove is represented in the beginning of the second book as still awake. An answer to this is given above, in the note on Kae0dS'.-xpvao6povoS. "Of the golden throne," an ep. ithet applied tc Juno as the Queen of Heaven. NOTES ON THE S-ECON.D BOOK. AR GUM EN T. FhE DREAIM.-THE TRIAL OF THE FEELINGS OF THE ARMY. — THE MUB TER AND CATALOGUE OF THE FORCES. JUPITER, in accordance with the prayer of Thetis, determines t4 distress the Greeks, in order that he may do honor to Achilles, and make his absence from the battle-field more sensibly felt by the host. In pursuance of this resolve, he sends a dece-ptive vision -to Agamemnon, persuading him to lead the army to battle. This leader, who is thus deluded with the hope of taking Troy without the aid of the son of Peleus, having feared lest the army might be discouraged by the absence of that warrior, and the recent plague, as well as by the long continuance of the siege, contrives to make trial of their feelings by a stratagem. He first communicates his design to the princes in council, informing them of his dream, and of his intention to propose a return to the soldiers, at the same time requesting the assembled leaders to stop the movements of the forces, in case his proposals were embraced by these. Then he assembles the whole multitude, and,on his recommending a return to Greece,.hey with one voice agree to it, and run to launch the ships. Ulysses, however, succeeds in detaining them, the assembnly is re-alled, several speeches are made on the occasion, and at length the advice of Nestor is followed, which was to make a general muster of the troops, and to divide them into their several nations, t*ribes, kindred, &c., before they proceeded to battle. This gives occasion to the poet to enumerate all the forces of the Greeks and Trojans in a long catalogue. The time employed in this book consists of not quite one day The scene lies at first in the Grecian camp, and upon the se,bore: toward the close it changes to Troy. NCTES TO BOOK 11. 201 1-4.'ArXoL p?1v pa, ic.. r.. "The rest, then, bolt 1 gods and Ine, who fight armed from chariots." Observe that iXRo2o, is here equivalent to the later oti W2.2ot. In Homer, we can only tell from, the context when dtXot is to be thus rendered, since the article as such is never employed by the poet. —a. A particle here of continuation, and connecting the last line of the preceding book with the first line of the present one. —i woKopvaTai. Compare the scholiast: -&b ro -Cp 1'rmwv laxod/evot. As fighting from on horseback was not practised in Homeric times, the expression do' Zhi7rwv is the sam6 as udp' ipy/aToc. Aia d' oK f xe vvlujor ivrwvog. Compare the meaning assigned to aOBe06' in the last line of the previous book. - "2A' 0ye pteplzpt*e " But this same deity kept pondering." Observe the recapitulating power of ye. —s'AXtXa rtpz#ay. "In what way he may honor Achilles, and destroy many at the ships of the Greeks." Since a past tense, Izepgf pte, precedes, we would naturally expect an optative to follow. Instead of this mood, however, we have here the subjunctive, or what grammarians call " conjunctivus deliberativtzs." love is supposed to say to himself, while deliberating on the objects to be accomplished by him, ri t... ~ ~ rtao; rh... ~ baoa; and this same mood still remains in the narration, after the person is changed, and the direct interrogation altered to the oblique. The optatives rs/ujaac and o2Rcat, or, according to another form, rqT1aet', are here lesis correctly preferred by some. 5-7. idJe de. "The following, thereupon."-flov;?u. "Device."rmPatla Ew''ArpEd~y, K. r. X. "To send upon Agamemnon, son ol Atreus." Observe that here'Arpeids is the dative of disadvantage depending imrmediately upon the verb, and that the adverbial irz merely indicates the direction of the action. - oviov 05vetpov. "A pernicious dream." Some read'Ovetpov with a capital letter, as ii ths Dream-god himself were here meant. Not so, however. By 5vvetpcv is to be understood merely a particular dream, to which, in common with dreams in general, a species of personal existence is here assigned, and which, from the nature of its destination in the present instance, is termed ovLov, " pernicious" or "baneful." The epithet oToc would be manifestly improper as a general designation for the god of dreams, and would make all dreams more or less per nicious in their nature. -- Kai juv ~ov'aaS, K. r. i. Observe that ~wvcraas is here intransitive, and that /ziv depends on 7rpocrvva. 8-10. BCiaK' Wl. "Go, speed thee." More literally, "go, go.' An expression intended to mark haste. Hence Aulus Gellius (xiii,:24) remarks,, " Quis anam obtuso est'ingenio, quin intelliga t p6da~r 1 2.0IJ NOTES TO BOOK II. osi.: 3vetpe, Kai iat tc' I0'Ipt raXela, verba duo idem significantla aoA frust?ra posita esse ES- rapaXa;2b ov, ut quidam pulant, sed horlamenitur esse acre imnperattc celeritatis." — i2b06v iS KticaEiv. Observe the asyndet on here, occasioned by the absence of 6d. This is owing to the emphatic nature of the command. Hence the scht liast remarks, ro irpirrov (" the emphatic nature") ryc'yKEiev'eiSc &Al roo diavvderot 0aiverat. —dyopev'iev. "Utter." The infinitive for the imperative. Consult note on book i., verse 323. —c Erter2wo. "1 As I enjoin." 11-15. ropsfaL E Ke; eve, Ke. r. X. "Bid him arm with all energy the long-haired Greeks." Long hair was regarded by the early Greeks as a mark of strength and valor. (Schol. brev., ad loc.); and hence the term KapiKOe8ojwvrec becomes in Homer a constant, and, at the same time, a sort of national epithet. Among the later Greeks it was the badge of a free condition, and was forbidden to slaves. (Compare Xen., Rep. Laced., xi., 3; Aristot., Rhet., i., 9.)7ravavdiip. More literally, "with all his might." Compare the explanation of Wolf: "curm emni impelu: mit voller Macht." Some translate it "in full force," and so the scholiast has it, iravarpari. This, however, is rather the meaning which the word bears in later writers. vrv yap Kev 9;Xot. "For now will he probably take," i. c., now has he a chance of taliing. Observe that Jupiter does not, as some prelend, utter here a direct falsehood, and promise the capture of the city, when no such capture is about at the moment to take place. On the contrary, the language is purposely guarded, the particle'Kev with the optative denoting mere contingency, and only as much is said as may lead Agamemnon into error; such being the design of Jove. Observe, also, that Jove addresses the dream in the directa oratio, and hence we have the indicative ppdaovTra in verse 14.-Had the future been employed instead of iev with the optative, a certain promise would have been made, and Jove would then have been guilty of an untruth. o0 r7' IT': Opdlmovrat. " No longer think dividedly." More literally, "no longer deliberate (all) around," i. e., in detached groups, or separate parties, each of these differing in opinion from the rest. Observe the force of the middle voice in 0padovPra. —eryvaqufVEw iira;7ra. "LIas bent all (to her will)."-Tpdeaate E'0rra. "lmpend over the Trojans." Observe the continued action implied by the perfect, which gives it the force of a present. 16-:22. rov,uvov.'; This mandate." Observe the demonstrative force of r6v. —fP d' ip' eTr'. "And then it repaired unto." —rov d' " But this warrior." —rept 6' &.6po'Caoc KtXt, iervocf' And ambro NOTES TO BOOK fIr. 2( sial sleep was diffused around." By the epithet' ambrosial" is meant the strengthening, healing rature of sleep; and to express this the poet selects an epithet indicative of strengthening, ete: nizing power borrowed from the food of the gods. (Buitmann, Lexil., i., p. 134.)-xcXvO'. Observe the continued action expressed there by the pluperfect, and which gives it the force of an imperfect:'had been diffused, and still continued diffused." —ir7,p iKeuarF;I "Over his head," i. e., at the head of the sleeper, and bending over him. Nqllr/l'9 viL kotug5ct, NTaropt. "Like to the son of Neleus, tc Nestor." Literally, " to the Neleian son." —r6v /a yuittara, Ic. r. 3. "Whom, namely, Agamemnon was wont to honor most of the elder (chieftains)." tIence. the dream assumed his form, in order that what it said might carry more weight with Agamemnon. 23-25. eudete'Arpfog vie, Ic. r. X. " Sleepest thou, son of Atreus, the warrior, the tamel of steeds?" We have placed a comma before dai'bpovoS, thus giving each of the epithets a translation separate from the noun, a construction far more Homeric and spirited than the ordinary one. -Observe that Homer here makes Atreus the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus, whereas Apollodorus makes him their grandfather. (Apollod., iii., 2, 2.) —irodjsizoto. A constant epithet in Homer for warriors, from their having so much to Jo with steeds. At this early period horses were scarce in Greece, and were possessed only by the opulent. —-;?ao r7' Er7t7rerpd0arat, *. r. r. " Unto whom both nations have been intrusted, and things of so much importance are a care." The term Xaoi has reference here to the Grecian army, as composed of so many distinct tribes or communities. 26-34. vuv d' e/uOev i6revr 6cja "Now, Jberefore, understand from me quickly," i. e., quickly attend to me.-Atr 6di rot. For Atm6 yip aot. —avev ev Eiv. "Although away." More literally, apart," i. e., at a distance from thee.-C —;ea:,-.c. Supply ce.-&-wpIfai ae, A r. is. The words of Jove are now repeated by t'Ce dream, Aw'th a change of person from the third to the second. IXe. " Keep it," i. e., what I have just told thee.-j-ti ae Ao5rn appeirso. "Nor let forgetfulness take thee unto itself." Observe the force of the active. —eVr' at. For orav. —avm,. " May have released thee (from its influence)." More literally, "may have sent thee away," i. e., may have left thee. 35-36. rov d' EZ.ur' av7rov, tC. 7. 2.. "And left that;warrior thlere pondering those things in mind which, namely, were not about to b( eacomlplished." Observe that the ve.b h is here in the plural (lEer2.Ro \ s204 NOTiES TO BOOK Ia. where, flom the ordinary rule respecting neuters plural, we woulo expect the singular number. Neuters plural take the verb in the singular when things, not persons, are referred to; because things are regarded as forming merely one class, and as destitute of indi viduality; whereas, when they refer to persons, the verb is put in the plural, because persons are considered separately, not classified together. In the present instance, however, each of the objects which Agamemnon expects to accomplish arises so distinctly and vividly on his view, that a kind of separate personality is given to them, and the verb with which they are connected becomes of the plural number. 37-40 0~ yap By' aipVjaelv. "For he thought that he will take."' More literally, "he said (within his own soul)." The verb /~U~ is often thus used in Homer. Cbserve, also,-that no pronoun is expressed before aip'jetv, which shows that the reference is to the same person that forms the subject of the preceding verb. —viWrioC.' Child that he was." A constant expression in Homer to denote rashness and folly in coming to any conclusion. —odE ra Adz, iK. r. A. "Nor did he know those deeds which Jove was really meditating." The more prosaic form of expression would he, oude','d 7-a Epya (i pa Zeigf jd-ero. —giaetv Ir', K. T. X. "' To inflict both sufferings and groans upon the Trojans as well as the Greeks." The adverbial'eri is to be taken in close construction with viaElv. — tai Kparepaf va/niva~. "Through mighty conflicts." Observe that dia is here equivalent to the Latin per, and does not, as the minor scholiast says, supply with the accusative the place of the genitive, namely, dla vauivac for dtis iVavVWv. 41-42. Eypero. " He awoke."-O-eir dE' Lv, K.. R. ". "And the divine voice was diffused around him," i. e., the accents of the heaven-sent dream still rang in his ear.-opOuOweit. " Erect." The literal translation of eNT'o bpO6Oe^ i would be, "having raised him. self, he sat (in that posture)," 6p6eOeic being used in a middle sense — dvdve. " He put on." The literal meaning presents a much live lier image, "he got into." Xtrr;va. The tunic or chiton M as the only kind of vduv/a, or un Ider garment, worn by the Greeks. Of this there were two kinds, the Dorian and Ionian. The former, as worn by males, was a short woollen shirt without sleeves; the Ionian was a long linen garment with sleeves. The Dorian seems to have been originally worn in the whole of Greece, and is the one referred to in the text. 43-44. aiipoS. The English term " cloak," though generally adloptl ed as the translation of this term, conveys no.accurate conception NOTES TO BOOK II. 20.) of the form, material, or use of the garment which it dunoted. This was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or, at least, near. ly square. It was used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver. The following cut shows the oapoS wrapped around the body to defend it from cold. It ia from a very ancient intaglio. In the following, which represents a statue of PhocionD a mone graceful and corvenient mode of wearing this same gar.nEnt is ahown. *B V K 2'al NC rES TO BOOK 11. ~Toeos a nr3 2c'rapoa~:,, c. r... And under his white feet he bhol u the beautk.ful sandals." In the Homeric age. the sandal consisted of a wooden sole, fastened to the foot with thongs. In later timet. however, the sandal must be distinguished from the a)ir6d6,yua, which was a simple sole bound under the foot, whereas the sandal was then a sole with a piece of leather covering the toes, so that it formdl the transition from the 67ro6dtua to real shoes. 45-47. Gotdc d' 1p' IuOWtOV, Kr.. A. "And then around his shouldsrs he 3ast the silver-studded sword," i. e., the belt from which hung suspended the sword. The belt was supported by the right shoulder, and hung obliquely over the breast, as may be seen in the follow ing cut, taken from a cameo in the Florentine museum. E; ~ ~~ a E; D (Il'~ T1cKrcrpoV. Consult note on book i., verse 15.-7rarp6iov, dEadtrOv alet. "Hereditary, ever imperishable." These epithets are to be translated separately from the noun. Consult note on verse 23.The sceptre is called irarpwtov, because the family-sceptre of the line; and tc9Ot-ov, because made by Vulcan. Compare verse 101. e-f.-K-arVT viac'Axatcv XaXKoxttrSJvov. "Down to the ships of the bronze-mailed Greeks." Literally,' of the Greeks arrayed in tunics of bronze." 48-55.'HeC. Aurora, or Eos, the goddess of the dawn, dwelt with her spouse, Tithonus, on the eastern borders of the Oceanus. encompassed earth-plane. She precedes her brother Helios, the sun-god, in a two-horse car (Od., xxiii., 245), and bends her course through the heavens, entering in at the eastern door of the skies, and passin[sa out at the western; when, together with her brother, NOTES TO BOOK 11h. 20 she descends La the great stream of Oceanus, where a golden ship reconveys them both, with winged speed, to their Eastern hueme. Her approach to Olympus, as mentioned in the text, means, therefore, her drawing near to the eastern portal of the heavens. (Voss, Kr. Bl., i., 234.) Cpfovaa. "To announce." Future participle. —ariip o. "But that warrior." Equivalent to KcetivoC, and reterring to Agamemnon as the chief person in the narrative. —ol iev... ro Be. " These indeed.... but those." —fovX7 d6' rpSrov i@e, E. r. 2. ".And first a council of high-souled elders sat at the ship of Nestor, the Pylosborn king." A question arises here about the true reading. Zenodotus, one of the ancient grammarians, was in favor of fiovZv, making'e pfovaev signify, "he caused a council to sit," the objection to povki' being that ZHo in the active means "to cause to sit,' but ZioLuat in the middle " to sit," and that povav ite, therefore, would not make sense. In reply to this, it may be urged, that Homer uses i'o as well in the sense of "to sit" as "to cause to sit," and, in deed, in the former much more frequently than in the latter. The scholiasts, moreover, inform us that fov2f7 was the reading of Aristarchus, Aristophanes, and of the best copies; and it has been adopted, also, in modern days, by Heyne, Wolf, Spitzner, and others. IIvaotyevsorfPaat2ioS. Observe the apposition between p3aaetXor and the genitive Naeropof as implied in NecTopep. This species ofapposi lion takes place in the case of adjectives derived from proper names, if the proper name contained in them is designed to include a defi nition. (Matthiac, ~ 431, 1.) —rvKt vrv'iprvvero g3ovP2v. "He arranged a skilful plan." Compare the explanation of Wolf: "er spann den klug'en Rath." 56-59. Oeiov 6vetpof. "A divine dream," i. e., heaven-sent.Evv-rveov. "In sleep." The neuter of the adjective taken adverbially, and equivalent to evvrrvio-). — /u6poainlv dta v6Kra. " During the ambrosial night." The epithet y,u6poaiy here applied to via, is the same, in fact, as (y6poroc or C6p6i71, and by " ambrosial night" is therefore meant, according to Buttmann, "divine," or "sacred night." (Lexil., i., p. 134.)-c-jcittara de NCaropt si,,. r. T. L. And especially did it very closely resemble the noble Nestor, in both appearance as well as size and mien." Observe that juadi2.rra here is equivalent to the Latin potissimum, and that a'yxtara is to be taken in close connection with ipetrcs. —sai ye rpog jv~Oov &ee7rev. Observe that the accusative here denotes the terminus ad quem, and depends in construction on the verb, not on the adverbial 7rp6~. Consult Ndielsba.h, ExCcurs., xvi., p. 305. !W NOTES 110 BOOK it. 71-75..XeT' rTOWrST/Zevo.'" Flew quickly awa)." Literally- t e. part d, having flown away." The verb oixquat i., often used thus iwith a participle, and always, in this connection, indicates rapidity ot nmovement. The meaning here is, that the moment tilhe dream had thus spoken it flew away.-aV-cKv. Consult note on'v7~g, verse 34.-AdvX' 5ye.'. "But come, (let us try)." Supply rEtp6Oue0a. In strictness, however, there is no ellipsis here, but 7retptreOda, or some thing analogous, is implied in the context. —op'oftzev. " We may arm." For op#,, the subjunctive with the mood-vowel short ened. sxrpra 6' xysv, c. r A. " I, therefore, will first, as it is right, try them with words," i. e., I will do this first in order, as it is right that a commander should, and do you then follow me in this. We have given,, with Buttmann and Spitzner. The more usual ac centuation is a, but this has in the epic language, as Buttmann remarks, a reference merely to place, namely, " whither," " where," and cannot mean, as some pretend, "as far as."-Agamemnon is apprehensive lest his treatment of Achilles may have alienated from himself the feelings of the host, and diminished their ardor in the prosecution of the war. In order, therefore, to try their minds, and ascertain how they stood affected toward himself and the enterprise, he intends to propose a return home, and looks to the otbe, chieftains to prqvent its actually taking place, by their influence and expostulations, should the army really feel inclined to depart. abv vVvati 7ronwv 2iat. "With their many-benched ships," i. e., of many banks of oars, or benches of rowers. —i/erZg a'XoOev aot.,,.:. r.. "But do you, one from one quarter, another from another, restrain them by your words," i. e., do you, visiting different parts of the host, etc. Observe that Ep77rVEtv is the infinitive for the im. perative. Consult note on book i., verse 323. 77-78. 5 jaa IldLoto, ic. r. X. s" Who was king, namely, of sandy Pylos." The particle 5i' has here an explanatory power. Corn. pare note on book i., verse 56. —'uaO6Evro70. Toward the coast, the soil of Elis becomes sandy. A broad line of sand stretches along the sea, nearly as far as the Triphylian Pylos, which from this circumstance is frequently spoken of by Homer as " sandy." (Miiiler's Dorians vol. i., p. 81.) —o c0lv Eiibqpnvdov, K. r. 2. Consuit note on book i., verse 73. 81-82. erdo66~ KEV a0yev, ac. r. X2. "We would, in all likelihood, pronounce it a falsehood, and rathei turn from (than relieve) it." Observe the force of tev with the optative.-pi/i2ov. N/gelsbach, foliowing Nitsch (ad Od., i., 331), makes,X~2.ov hero signify "the NO0 ES TO BOOK i,. 20?: Iiore,' o.' so much the more." This, howe- er, ca.not bc correct since it would imply that there already existed some degree of aver sion, on the part of Nestor and his colleagues, to the very nairativr of Agam2emnon, and a want of full reliance on its accuracy.-,-') uiy' pwrrog c rXEtrat elvy. Consult note on book i:, verse 91. The rank and standing of Agamemnon preclude, according to Nestor, all poa. 3ibility of deception on his part. 84-86.?pxe vieaOat. "He begat. to depart." —ot 6' EiraE'arrqaay, X. T.;X. "And they, the sceptre-bearing kings, thereupon arose and,.loceeded to obey the shepherd of the tribes." Observe the demonstrative force of ol, though partially concealed in our idiom under the form of the personal pronoun. (Consult note on book i., verse 1.- 7re[Oovro. The rising was an instantaneous act, but the execution of the orders a continued one. Hence in the former case we have the aorist, in the latter the imperfect.-rrol/jzvLt aSv. Agamemnon, not Nestoi. —7rEaae6ovro. "Came rushing toward them." The tribes, seeing their leaders gathering together, came thronging to the spot. Compare the scholiast: p CvrrTeg 7i7 oavviovraC rovi Ev TEe, ticai' aebrol /ICRo5J0ovv ainea. 87-90. V'ire d0vea elat, tK. r. X. "Even as go the swarms of the closely-thronging bees." Literally, "the nations." The term WOvea is purposely employed here to keep up the comparison, though requiring to be softened down in an English version. —eat. Observe ere the singular verb with the neuter plural; and also that e'uL is he:e used in the present with a present, and not with a future meaning. In Homer this is not unfrequent; but, in Ionic prose and Attic prose and poetry, ecut as a future regularly occurs, and the exceptions are very rare. (Passow, s. v.) —ie-twaatov a&tvoiv. Observe the similarity of termination in these words, and also in -pxouevano)v. The object of this is to make the sound an echo to the sense, and to express at once the loud buzzing and the numbers of the bees. vEov.," Afresh," i. e., in fresh numbers. The spirit of the comparison lies in this. As the bees came forth continually in fresh numbers, so fiesh bands of Greeks keep continually pouring forth from the ships and tents. It is worthy of note, that this is the first simile in Homer. —,orpvd0v. "In clusters." Literally, "cluster-like."-eirr' v0earv eeaptvoralv. " Unto the vernal flowers." Commonly, but erroneously rendered, "over the vernal flowers." The dative here denotes direction, and the adverbial erri increases its force. (Stadelmann, ad loc.-Kiihner, { 612, b.) —a! pev r' MvOa a'tC, K. T. XT. " Some have sped their flight in crowds in this direc. tion, others in that.' Observe here the peculiar force of the per S 2 21( 0 NO'rLS TO BOOK 1i. feet in denoting rapidity of movement. Before one swarm of hees has been long observed, it bas passed away, and a fresh swarm has taken its place, to be as rapidly succeeded by another. 91-94. S: riv EOvea 7roXli. " So the numerous nations of these,' C e., of the Greeks. —0iovoS TrpoTrdpocOe, K. T. A. "Kept marchina in squadrons, in front of the deep shore, to the place of asser-.bly." By the " deep shol 3" appears to he here meant one of wide extent, or, in other words, extending far inward to the land. NMigelsbach. with less prop iety, makes it refer to the deep sand of the seashore, "tief sandig."'Oaaa 6de6ie. "Blazed Rumor,",. e., rumor was rife. A surmise had arisen among the troops that Agamemnon intended to return home, and a rumor, founded upon this, was, now travelling in hot -haste throughout the numerous host. This is what the poet means when he says that " Rumor blazed," more literally, "burned among them." Rumor, moreover, is here personified, and made the messenger of Jove, since rumors, the origin of which ofttimes no one -.ould trace, were wont to be ascribed to the special interposition of he deity. —brpivOVa' Uivat. The rumor made them all anxious to attend the assembly, in order to ascertain its truth. —ol d' 7yipovro. "And they kept gathering themselves together." Observe the force of the middle voice. 95-98. rei-puXet. " Was tumultuous." Observe the use of the pluperfect in an imperfect sense. The assembly had been previousy tumultuous, and still remained so. The peculiar meaning of this tense will plainly appear, when we contrast it with ictvyOV at verse 114. There the passive aorist is employed to express the moment:if transition from calm to tumult, whereas here -E7rpiXEL marks the continuance of the agitation. (Buttmcann's Lexilogus, p. 509, ed. Fish.. lake.)-?XaSv l(6vrovv. "As the tribes seated themselves." Geni tive absolute, not depending on the adverbial irr6.'piorvov. "Strove to restrain." The imperfect is here employed to express the conalus rei faciendce, as the grammarians term it.,Kuiiiner, 438, 2.) —e iror' iJrVifc cxoiar'. i"If, at length, they would refrain from clamor," i. e., in order that they might at length retrain, &c. —Ato-rpE01ov. A standing epithet in Homer for kings, as being under the constant and special care of Jove and the other gods. 99-i01. aronvd,~. "With difficulty." Commonly, but erroneous. ly, rendered " in haste." Compare the scholiast: (icr7ov) r t(re rovvSe ettec (irootrljC) oVx oo0V (iXye7at), FV 76Erdx, cu2ba to6ys,~ icai dvacXcp6( tdr TO (c (p' urep uarov6ir rdv7vi-:., iEa ro6fov'O6vae'ic. (Od., xxi. NOTES TO BOOK I!. 2i1 tU9.; —Epjrv6rv d& Ka' CSpaf. "And were rest.aiLed in their re spective divisions of seats." Observe that by Edpat are here nreanr.; not the individual seats of each, but the divisions of seats assigned to a particular number. Compare Od., iii., 7: ievvea d' edtpacL aav, TfErrl7KoCatOt 6' iv Kciarri- earo. The adverbial Kara, therefore, has her not a local, but a distributive force. (Consult Ndgelsbach, ad loc.) vri 6'. "Up, then." —aKir-rpov.Xo)v. "Holding his sceptre The sceptre is here the symbol of dominion. This dominion w,,, bestowed on Pelops by Jove, and, as a sign of this bestowal, he re ceived the sceptre in question from Hermes or Mercury, the me. senger of the gods. Consult note on book i., verse 15. —r03 yew'Hatari-of Kidue TEVXV. "'Which Vulcan, fabricating, had bestowed, labor upon," i. c., which Vulcan had toiled at making. Observe tha. ro is here for o. 102-109. —"HataroC t ev. " Vulcan, in the first instance." Ob serve the force ofjcEv in the protasis. —avrap dpa Zeta-, K. r. A. " But Jupiter hereupon gave it to his messenger, the slayer of Argus." Mercury slew the many-eyed Argus, who had been placed by Juno as a keeper over Io, after the latter had been transformed into a heifer. Observe the force of Spa in continuing the heads of a narrative. It may be more freely rendered " still farther," or " next in turn." (Consult Niig'elsbach, Excurs., iii., ~ 14, 15.) —'Epaiaf de' uva:. " And King Mercury next." —aVr~p 6 acrE IHXIob. " But he, again, Pelops." More literally, " but this one, again, Pelops." gOvar'. For Ovgara. The nominative. Masculine words retain c unaltered in the nominative, where euphony or versification requires it: otherwise C is added to the root, and the a is lengthened intu oq. The form in a remained peculiar to the NEolic dialect, the forty' in Ad to the Attic and common language. (Thliersch, ~ 178.) —roA.-at v5a0loa, KI. r. A. "To rule over many islands, and all Argos. By Argos is here meant either the whole Peloponnesus, as Heyne and Voss maintain, or else a very large portion of the same. I was so called from the powerful kingdom of the Persida, whicb Atreus obtained after the deith of Eurystheus. The city of Argos, it must be remembered, was at this period under the sovereignty of Diomede. The islands referred to in the text are supposed to have been those in the Argolic and Saronic Gulfs. It is more than probable, however, that others also are meant. iprotadtevor. ".Having leaned." Literally; "having supported himself." — bre''Apyet >iat uuer'OVda. "Spoke words (as follows) among the Greeks." 110 —113. i9eDo'rovrrC'ApqroC. "Servants -of Mas. " A very ap 212 NOTES TO BOOK It. propriate termn for warriors, who, as worshippers, figuratively. I tl god Mars, are called his attendants, ministers, or servants. The ministers or attendants of any deity were called, in common parlance, the &Ep6irovrer of that deity. —fe yEjya drv dy8ra~e [3apdti. " Has greatly entangled me in a heavy misfortune." More literally, "has greatly bound me in," &c. Observe that bt'ya is taken ad. verbially, and qualifies Evfdclae. cXyrtoC. "- Cruel one," i. e., cruel deity.-7rpiv. "In formei days," i. e., in the earlier stages of the war. —'ltov EKtrTpaar7', S. r. A. "That I should depart after having sacked the well-walled Ilium." Observe that,icTxrpaaPvr' is here for icK7repaavra, and agrees with HIe understood before a'rovkeaOac. We must not, as some do, make it stand for the dative C'nrmpgavrt, and refer it back to pot. 114-118. vriv 6d icati'2 course. NO TE S ON TIHE T HIRD B( OK, ARGUMENT. THE OATHS.-THE VIEW FROM THE TROJAN RAMPARTS.-THE SlNlT I COMBAT BETWEEN PARIS AND MENELAUS. THE armies being ready to engage, a single combat is agreed upcw between Paris and Menelaus, for the determination of the war. Iris is sent to call Helen to behold the fight; and, under the guise of a Trojan princess, leads her to the walls of Troy, where Priam is sitting with his counselors, observing the Grecian leaders, on the plain below. At his request, Helen gives the aged monarch an account of the most distinguished of these warriors. The kings, on either side, take, after this, a solemn oath to observe the conditions of the truce. The single combat then commences, and Paris is worsted; but when he is on the point of being dragged away alive by his antagonist into the Grecian lines, Venus comes to hip aid, snatches him away in a cloud, and transports him to his own apartment. She then calls Helen from the walls, and brings the lovers together. Agamemnon, on the part of the Greeks, demands meanwhile, the restoration of Helen, and the performance of the aiticles of the truce, and the book concludes. The iday, of which a part was occupied with the events of the previous book, still continues throughout the present one. The scene is sometimes in the plain before Troy, and sometimes in Trov tself. 1-2. avrap rTTEi Ki)@clOev, o. r. i. But when they were arrang. ed, each (army) along with their leaders." By Pxaairot are here meant the respective armies, Grecian and Trojan, as enumerated in the catalogue at the end of the preceding, book -Tpefr v YK6ayyO orTEs TO BOOK III. 24S k. r. A. "The Trojans, on their part, moved akong with both a clamor and battle-cry." The term KAayy4 here refers to the various noises made among themselves by a host composed of various nations coming on in tumultuous march; whereas lvo-r' denotes the battle-cry, in which they all, from time to time, join. — The march of the Trojans, it will be perceived, is a noisy one; that of the Greeks, on the other hand, silent and orderly. We must not, however, infer from this, that the poet means to represent the Trojans as a barbarian race; a mistake into which some of the ancient commentators have fallen. On the contrary, the people of Priam were far more civilized than their opponents, as appears from the language of Homer himself in other parts of the poem. opvtet- Gt. The point of comparison is in Kikayy~, not in any allusion to the swiftness of the feathered race, as some erroneously suppose.-Observe the accent in as, as coming after the word (5p vtlOe) on which it depends. Literally, "birds-like." It would be, otherwise, ds 6pVLwef. 3-6..i7re wrep icKAa~ y, K. r. A. "As is the clamor of cranes in front of the sky," i. e., high in air; just this side of the vault of heaven. Compare the scholiast: Iv Tr- -7rb' Ta V T67ro. The suffix 4l, when appended to nouns, as is at times the case in the Epic language, forms, with the noun, a species of genitive, as in the pres ent instance, and sometimes an instrumental dative. Hence om'paV60t 7rp6 is equivalent here, in some degree, to the later 7rpo o'pavoV, (Kiihner, f 377, 2, 7.)- air'. An anacoluthon. This nominative has no verb with which to agree, since its place is supplied by raiye in the succeeding line. -xeqzu va. "The wintry-storm," i. e., the cold and stormy season of winter. The reference is to the migration of the cranes to southern climes, at the approach of winter. KAayy1 raiye rerovrat, cK. r. A.!' With a clamor do these wing their way toward the waiters of. Oceanus." The genitive is em ployed after verbs signifying a rapid motion toward some object, z construction often met with in Homer. The adverbial Ei-r is merely added here to mark more specifically the line of direction. So in later Greek, where the prepositions have their proper force as governing words, we find the following: 7rXAeiv tw le ov (Thucyd., i., 116); eTri peipeov qE)yetl (Xen., Cyrop., viii., 2, 1) Compare Kiihner, ~ 507, and 633, 1, ed. Jelf. -'2Keavoio iociov. Homer's Oceanus is a large river encircling the round: plane of the earth, (Consult note on verse 423, book i.) As the flight of the cranes is here from the wintry storm, their line of directicra -i toward the re gions of the south. '244 NOTES TO BOOK Ii, cvdpiaot l'VZYIllOtt5, KS. r. A. The warfare between the Pygantiua and the Cranes is a well-known fable, respecting whiclj, consult Anthon's Class. Dict., s. v. Pygmaei. -.voV ela Ki Kpa piporaac. Compare book ii., verse 352. 7-9. njptal 63' pe -ra~ye, Ki. T.R. "And so they bear onward be fore them, early in the morning, pernicious strife." We have given iliptaL here the meaning for which Buttmann contends, on the aun. thority of the ancient grammarians. (Lexii., s. v. acijp, Ojptog.) The common, but erroneous, translation is, "through the air." Voss. renders it, "' M the hazy dawn of morning;" respecting which, consult Buttmann, 1. c. —rpoEppovrat. Observe the force of the middle o0 I' cp' acav, c.. X.. "But the others thereupon, the Greeks,;namely), went along in silence, breathing rage." Observe the pronominam force oi oi, with which word'Axatoi is in apposition. Aulus Gellius, in his explanation of this passage, refers aly7, to puvea wrvegovrec, which Heyne very justly condemns. (Aul. Gell., i., 11.)-,-e/aireg. This participle occurs here without any copula, since it is merely explanatory of srveiovrec, &c. 10-14. Vre NOTro ic KaTyevev. "As the south wind is wont to spread." Literally, "is wont to pour." Observe the force of thile aorist in denoting what is wont to happen. Observe, also, that eVrs stands here for the more ordinary ivOre. This, indeed, is denied by Buttmann, 1'who makes eVre the adverb of time, and equivalent to 6re, but Ivre the adverb of comparison, and asserts that they are nevei used for one another. He therefore proposes to read VT7r' 6peor, making l~vr',:in scanning, one syllable by synizesis. Spitzner, how. ever, successfully defends the common reading Ev7E in the sense of itTre, and denies, from Apollonius (De Adv., p. 560, 1, scqq.), that 7/jvr can be contracted into two syllables. KV7rry 6& rE vVKoro ciueivo. "But better to the thief than even the. night." Because he can steal with a better chance of success amid the mist, since the flocks and herds are at large during the daytime, but shut up during the night. —raaov Tig r' E1rtE.VUae, K. r. 2. "And *one looks over (only) as great a space as he even throws a stone over," i. c., and one only sees before him to the dis tance of a stone's throw. Observe the peculiar force of r/l here. both in composition and out of it. Literally, "upon." tC Spa rCv dv7rob, iK. T. R. "Just so, beneath the feet of these, as they came onward, the eddying dust kept rising," i. e.,the dust rose in clouds from beneath their feet as they moved along. There is considerable doubt whether we ought to read here &esaRRg or cd4Rr, the former being the aPjective, the latter the genitive of'rRaa NOTES TO BO OE Il 245 The adjective oceurs nowhere else; while the expression covieaa , back their steeds unto the ranks (of the foot-soldiers)." We have given here the explanation of Buttmann (Lexil., p. 101, ed. Fishl.), whicn appears far superior to that of Stadelmann, who makes e7ri aovryac signify " in rows." —ik 6'. ",And forth (from their chariots)."'-'-0ay1 d' ngv Wa.tig Upovpa. "And around (each pile of arms) there was a little space." Consult the remarks of Buttmann:n this passage (Lexil. p.. 102, ed. Fishl.). Some erroneously refer dpovpa to the space between the two armies. 118-124. avraip. "While, on the other hand." - tpv'. Accuia tive singular, for dpva. -olau~evat. Consult note on verse 103.-'[ptl 6' a9d'. " But Iris, in the mean time." —ei6doyduvV Ya2o. "Mak mg herself like unto her sister-in-law." The corresponding term to yaLo0sf, in the masculine, is 6dap.-'Avrdvopidao d6uaprt. "Antenor's son's wife." - ex. "Possessed." More literally, " was holding," i. e., in marriage.-Aao6diKcv. We would expect the dative Aao6icnc, as agreeing with 6dauaprl, but the accusative is made to depend, by a species of attraction, on 7rv (for %v) as governed by 125-128. irv 6'. "And this female." —' 6S. "For she." —-bavc'e. Weaving was in those early ages the employment of even the noblest females.-dirr2aKa 7ropqvpl7v. "A double cloak of bright-col ored hue." With 6i7rRaica some understand X2alvav, while others regard it at once as a substantive. The latter mode of parsing is the simpler one. So, again, opinions are divided with respect to the meaning of the term " double.'.' Some make it the same as " with double woof;" others think that the ground was white, and that bright-colored figures were worked upon this. Aristarchus, however, regards the 6div7ra merely as a cloak of double fold, niv Iar; Jtr7Oiv cluqvticaaOat, and his opinion is probably the true one. (Comn pare Neue Jahrb. fiir Phil., vol. xxxiv., p. 370.) EviEraaaev. "She was working in it." The literal meaning is'ar more graphic and. poetical, and, perhaps, ought to be preferred ahere:'She was sprinkling on it." A beautiful expression, certainly, for skilful and artist-like execution of a work, or, in other words; for light and graceful weaving. -'E v eZ-et'. For tavrq? h EAa. Crusius makes it stand for avTr ievera, but the accentuation of 16ev shows this to be erroneous. —7r' Aperlog raa/uowv. Old mode of expression for vi7ro roe rroiov. 130-138. vdi/Oa ~bid. "Dear lady." The Epic, or, rather, HIo. meric Ionismus forms the vocative here with the final vcwel short (vfyiw6) This term vur0;i p)roperiy denotes a bride or y nmg wife IrVTES TO BOOK Ill. 2.55 Heie, however, it is used in a general sense for a female, though with an accompanying expression of tenderness, which is not found in yvv'. —a9ceLea lpya. "The strange doings." Observe that &eqKe2Xa does not signify here "divine" or "godlike," as some er roneously pretend, since, as early as the time of Homer, this sensa was confined to the full form &EOeiKEb2Of, so that ieaKe2oc was only used in general for " marvelous," " wondrous," " strange," and always of things, as OEOeiKrE2O always was of persons. oi'rptv Er' al122lotat, fK. r. A2. " They who, before this, were ac customed to wage the tearful contest, &c., these now sit in silence." We have adopted the punctuation of Spitzner in verse 131, namely.. a colon after xae2Kot7v5vTv. This will make ol, in verse 132, a species of nominative absolute or anacoluthon, its place being sup plied by oi in verse 134. —aw7rt- KEicX2qYvot. "Leaning on their shields," i. e., supporting themselves, while in a sitting posture, against their shields. Observe the employment of the passive for the middle in Kiceic2tevot.-wrap'. " By their sides." Observe the adverbial force of this term. -- 7rrn7yv. "Stand fixed (in the ground)." Observe the meaning of continuance indicated by the perfect; and compare the Latin "(hastee) defixce sunt." aravp. "Meanwhile, however." —r di Ke vtKyaa1vrt, KC. T. A1. " And thou wilt ever be called his beloved consort for whichever one shall have conquered." The particle KE points to the condition implied in veicaavrT. Observe, moreover, the peculiar force of the third future KIEC2`raJ, in expressing the continuance of an action in its consequences and effects. (Kiihner,, 407, 1, ed. Jelf.) —rO vtKiaavrt. The dative of advantage. (Kiihner, ~ 597, ed. Jelf.) 139-141. y2Xvivv'iepov avdpcb, K. T. r.. "A pleasing desire both for her former husband," &c. Referring to Menelaus. Observe that dv6po6', arreon, and TOKtcow,, are all genitives of the object.-a-pyevvat K!1vwaeauvl bO6vpalv. " Having enveloped herself in a white robe." Observe here the use of the plural for the singular, to indicate a long, flowing robe. The material of the bO6vr7 was generally linen. In the present instance it would seem to have been a sheet of fine linen, wrapped round the person so as to cover the head while it enveloped the body, as is seen in the centre figure of the following group, on the next page. 142-145. KTar'. Xovaa. " Pouring down." Observe the adverbial force of Kaar.-ovrc olrl. "Not alone," i. e., iunattended. Females of rank always appear in public, in Homeric I mes, accompanied by attendants. Such attendants were generally Ahemselves of superior birth. Xthra was th-, daughter of Pittheus. king of Troezene, wha 256 NOTES TO BOOK Ilt.,. gave her in marriage to AEgeus, king of Athens, unto whoim sl. bore Theseus. She was taken prisoner by Castor and Pollux, the brothers of Helen, when they rescued the latter from the hands of Theseus..4Ethra, therefore, followed Helen from Greece, and must have been very old at this time, on which account some of the ancient commentators thought the present line spurious. Among the moderns, Bentley and Heyne are of the same opinion, which is, very probably, the true one. Of Clymene nothing is known. (Consult Heyne, ad loc.) - zKatai 7rv2at. " The Scaean gates." This was the name given to the western gate of Troy; the term, however, literally means "the left." The Greek augur always turned his face northward, and so had the west on his left; hence the interchange of the two meanings. The Scaean gates faced the Grecian camp. 146-149. ol 6' /lepi lpcayov, Ic. r. A. "But Priam and Panthous, &c., and Hicetaon, an offshoot of Mars, and their respective attendants, and Ucalegon and Antenor, both discreet, were seated, elders of the people, at the Scean gates." Observe the construction ol aL/ei with a proper name to denote the individual designated, together with his followers. Some, in translating the present pass age merely give the proper name without any mention of attendants. This, however, is erroneous; since the employment of ol adfts with a proper name to denote the person merely without his attendants'&c., does not occur until the time of the Attic writers (Kiihner, % 436, p. 92, ed. Je;f.) flivOoov. Panthous was originally a priest of Apollo at Delphi. whence Antenor, who had been sent to consult the craalp broubgh NOTE8I TO BOOK IM., 57 him to Troy, where Priamn made him priest to the same god. He married the daughter of Clytius, mentioned in the succeeding verse, and became the father of Euphorbus, Polydamas, and Hyperenor. This account of Panthous, however, is generally regav-led as a postHomeric fable. Ovyuoir7v. Thymcetes, according to Diodorus Siculus (iii., bt). who gives, however, no authority for the truth of the statement, was a son of Laomedon, and, consequently, a brother of Priam. Lampus, Clytius, and Hicetaon were also sons of Laomedon. (II., xx., 138.-Apollod., iii., 12, 3.) —OicKa2iyo re Icai'Avrvtowp. Virgil makes a passing mention of Ucalegon (A/En., ii., 312). Antenor, son of.ZEsyetes, was one of the wisest of the Trojan princes, and recommnended again and again, but to no purpose, the restoration of Helen. According to the post-Homeric account, he was suspected of having aided the Greeks in the capture of the city. After the fall of Troy, lie led, according to the same authorities, a colony to Italy, and founded Patavium, the modern Padua. ~djoyepovTrer. This term marks them as the heads of leading houses among the Trojans. —tr2z c Kalae rd2yat. They were seat ed on the ramparts.over the gate. Compare verse 153. t51-155. TeTrTlyECatV oICOlE. "Resembling cicadas." The rT7rt), or cicada, is called by some " the balm-cricket." It is formed like a large fly, with long transparent wings, a dark-brown back, and a yellow belly. It is fond of basking at noon on single trees or bushes, when the male makes a chirping noise, by striking the lower membrane of the wing against the breast. This noise was so pleas ing to the ear of the ancients, that their poets are always using it as a simile for sweet sounds. On the present occasion, the accents of old men are compared to its cry o7ra etpt6eaa6av ieiel. "Send forth a delicate voice," i. e., a clear and softly-shrill note. Observe the beautiful use of the term 0ira as applied to the note of an insect —ToToL ipa TpeO'v'iYropcE, ic. r. X. "Such leaders of the Trojans, I say, were sitting on the tower," i. e., the tower over the gate, forming part of the line of ramparts. roca. "In a low tone." Literally, "gently." Some of the older editions have eKa, "quickly," which is quite out of place here. Fustathius (p. 397-9) aud Apollonius (Lex. Hornm.) are both in favor cf the former; and later poets, moreover, employ this adverb in a way precisely similar. (Consult Spitzner, ad loc.) 156-160. ovi vt/eaS. " It is no cause of anger," i. e., it is nctlking to be wioth about. The term viueLst, with which ia-i is here to.*t Y2 258 NOTES TO BOOK Itf. supplied, denotes, properly, an angry feeling at any thing unjust or unfitting. -aivCr d0Oavcir-at e,-V, K. r. T. ". Wonderfully in look is she like to the immortal goddesses." Observe here that the accusative of nearer definition (aJra) has el before it, in order to define more accurately. The literal translation of e4' aJra would be "(looking) toward her face.",Kiihner, ~ 579, Obs., ed. Jelf.) caz Ha. 1' Even thus," i. e., though the case be thus, though she be thus peerless in beauty. This is explained more fully, immediately after, by the words 7o[s 7wEp EoCaa. —veES&O. "Let her depart," i. e., we will not oppose her return, but will rather aid in effecting this. —/jd 7ra X7uro-rroLTo. " And may she not remain behind, as a source of evil.'" Observe the change from the imperative veeaOd, which expresses their hearty. concurrence in her departure, to the language of a wish, as indicated by the optative i~rrovro.; Ob serve, also, in this latter verb, the force of the middle. 161-165. iKa2iacaaao. "Called unto him." Observe the force of the middle. —Jefpo rqnpolO' XOoavaa, e. T. A. 1" Having come hither, dear child, sit thou in front of me." Observe that iueio is here governed by 7rdpotO', the connection in the line being interrupted by i.roivaa, 0i0uov recKO', which words come in by a species of hyperbaton. - idp. Some editions have ldf, but the former is more Ho meric. - rno~ -re. "And marriage-connections." Compare the echoliast: arroi' oi Kar' ertyacjav avyyevemr. puot airi~. "In fault toward me." —eoiG vV' ot, K. r. PX. "The gods, in truth, are in fault toward me." The particle vv expresses here nothing of irony, but indicates, on the contrary, bitterness of feeling.-j-oe Eitp71yaav. " Stirred up against me."-We have, with Spitzner, regarded lines 164 and 165 as parenthetical. 166-170. ac /ote, K. r. A. Connected, in fact, with line 163, the two intermediate ones being parenthetical, as just remarked. "In order that thou mayest even mention by name unto me yonder extraordinary man; who this Grecian warrior is, both gallant and large of stature." —jei~ovE'. "Taller."- ovTro( yepap6v. "1 Of such stately bearing."-f-aaotru alvdpi. "- A royal person." More literally " a kingly man."'71-175. dia yvval Kjv. "Most divine of women." Literally, " divine one of women." The positive is generally regarded here as employed in a superlative sense. - airo!6(r re (Lzo &Ead, K. T. A. " Dear father-in-law, thou art to me an object of both veneration ind awe," i. e., thy look fills me with shame and fear.;- E 6e;r 64iz ar6, Ic. r. Pu. "Oh, would that a wretched death had pleased me!" t. e.. had been preferred by me. Observe the peculiar force N'OTrS TO BOOK Ill. V25: 3It o9rev ill Expressing a wish. Literally, "how ought a wretched death to have pleased me!" yvco-rof -re. "And relations." The reference here is especially to her brothers, Castor and Pollux.-Era~d6: re Tr 7Xvy'r'v, c. r. A ";And -my daughter, in the bloom of early life." The daughter here meant is Hermione, the offspring of Menelaus and Helen. We have adopted the meaning assigned by Dederlein to the much-disputed term -rq2uyerom. He derives it from 4d6eXcw, ri7OqRa, &tvC, and ydvo,. and makes it equivalent to. OaepoS. yeycid, or Uoa2epbo Karm Vzatv. It. becomes on the present: occasion, therefore, a very striking epithet, and points to Hermione as in the bloom of early life, and just ripening into womanhood, a period when she would most of all need a mother's fostering care, and when that mother, with bittar -regret, now confesses that she abandoned her. For other mean ings given to the term in question, consult the remarks of-Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. Kat O.1tKp??V Eparewiv. "And my beloved companions in years," i. e., and the pleasing society of those of the same age. Observe that 6/ZtKi272v is here put for'uuAtcKa5., the abstract for the concrete, or sameness of age for those of the same age. 176-180. ray'. For -raira ye, and referring back to verse 173. — oti EYE1ovro. " Came not to pass."-r6 Kai Kaeiovaa ririiKa. " Orb which account I even pine away in tears." Observe that r6 is here for a, and that this is equivalent to di' 0-. We have changed to a comma the colon which the common text has after Eydvovro. If the colon be retained, r6 becomes equivalent to Lae TroTro, "o' n this account." - Add!eeraga. S. "And art anxious about." The verb ueraXJao has no reference whatever to fEra2L2ov. It properly denotes "to inquire:after other things" (Uer' pita) than those immediately around one; to be inquisitive, &c. ovr6r ye'Arpeideg.. "This one, indeed, is the son of Atreus." Observe the force of ye in connection with o7rof, "this particular one," " this one for his part."-a06or epo, fiaazev', ri,. T. ". Both, as well a good monarch, as a powerful warrior." Observe here the employment of the adjective o165irepov in the neuter gender, as an adverb. It is classified by Kiihner with those neuter accusatives which denote some particular case or way in which any verbal notion operates. ~Kiihner, ~ 579, 4, ed. Jelf.) -dap amir' e}t EacKE, E. H. A. "He was the brother-in-law, more. over, of me, a shameless woman, if ever, indeed, he was." Observe, in the first pl ice, that lKvvirTtoC is put in apposition, by an elegant idiom. with the personal pronoun implied in the possessive ipuc 2660 NOTES TO BOOK tII and compare with this the corresponding Latin form of expie isioas med ipsius gratid, &c.-In the next place, we are not to render the clause el aro-' Eyv yE, as some do, " if ever, indeed, there was one," i. e., if ever there was a shameless woman; nor are we to adopt Schuitz's punctuation and version, e` —'ror' E7v ye, "would that he still were so!-once, indeed, he was;" the meaning of the passage is simply as follows: so oppressed is Helen with shame and grief at her own misconduct, that it appears to her as if she had never merited the appellation of a lawful wife to Menelaus, and as if Agamemnon had never, in reality, been her brother-in-law. Compare the remark of Hermann (ad Vig., p. 946): " Cujus formulae, quce perdficilis explicatu est, hic videtur sensus esse: si unquam fuit, quod nunc non est amplius, i. e., si recte dici potest fuisse, quod ita sui factu.m est dissimile, ut fuisse unquam vixz redas. Est enim hkec locutid dolentiurn, nzon esse quid amplius." 182-183. 6X6tL6datzov. "Fortunate man." —' Vd v. " Assuredly now." - -d6ediaro. "Were made subject," i. e., at the time when thou wast appointed to the chief command of the host. Observe here the employment of the pluperfect as an imperfect. Literally, "had been made subject, and remained so." When the perfect has a present sense, the pluperfect is used as an imperfect. (Kiihner, 5 400, 2, ed. Jelf.) There is no need, therefore, of our reading &dua/vrat, in the perfect, " have been made subject," as some propose. 184-186. FLrU. "Before now." —pvytiv. The Greater Phrygia is here meant, not Phrygia Minor along the Hellespont. The part, however, particularly referred to, is the tract which formed, in latei days, a portion of Bithynia, extending along the banks of the San. gariu s. —izqre2o6esaaav. This is here a general epithet for Phrygia. Tn later days, however, the case was altered, and only the region around Apamea was famed for the culture of the vine, the rest of Phrygia having become a grain country. Compare the minor scholiast, ad loc. avEpaf alLorow;ovf. "Men of fleet steeds." According to Buttmann (Lexil., p. 65, ed. Fishl.), the epithet aio;dilro;wor refers to the quick and active guiding of horses. So the scholiast explains the term in our text by raxelc Zr7rrovf bovrca. - 2Laovf'Orp7of, It. r. l., Priam went into Phrygia with a body of auxiliaries, to aid Otreus and Mygdon, kings of that country, against the Amazons. According to one account, Otreus and Mygdon were brothers of tIecuba, all three being children of Dymas. According, however, to the common account, Hecuba was the daughter cf Cisseus, a Thracian prince. —The Amazons were defeated on the occasion alla led to iin the text NOTES TO BOOK.:I. 261 87 -190. Iarpar6cvro. "Were encamped." — 2ayyaptioo. The Sangarius rose near a place called Sangia (Zayyia) in Mount Adortes, a branch of Mount )Dindymus, in Galatia, and fell into the Euxine on the coast of Bithynia. The modern name is the Sakaria. —!er7 rotiLu tv XOnV.. "Was counted among them." Observe the peculiar meaning here assigned to CEX6,0nv, which it gets from the more literal signification "to lay among," that is," to count," - tell," or " reckon up."-'A/taa6vre. Female warriors, of mythical antiquity. We read of the Amazons of Africa, as well as of those of Asia. The former were the more ancient; the latter, however, are here referred to. The Asiatic Amazons are said to-have dwelt o iginally on the banks of the Thermodon, in the plains of Themiscyra, in Pontus; and from this quarter they made their inroads into Phrygia. Troy is even said, by later writers, to have been taken by them (Heyne, ad loc.). According to the post-Homeric poets however, the Amazons, under the command of their queen, Penthesilea, came to the assistance of the Trojans against the Greeks CiL%' oi'6' oc. For 5U2X.' o6' OrTot. The reference is to the 7reiaTovC'lpp7yac mentioned in verse 185.- Etd'c(7rer. Consult note on oook i., verse 98. 191-198. devrepov avr'. "A second time, again." -eir' dye 7uo xat -r6de. "Come, tell me of this one also." — 1ciwv puEv icPaht.'Shorter, indeed, by a head." We have adopted KiceaUX, with Spitzner, as preferable to KceaZXrv, which Heyne reads from Aristarchus. It agrees better with the datives that follow immediately after, and is in accordance, also, with the form of expression in verse 168. - eipvrepoS 6 ide16cat. "But broader to looK on," i. e., broader to the view.-o KeL rat. " Lie for him." —-,ri~cRo sC. " Like a ram." Literally, "ram-like." Consult note on verse 2.-E-7retrW A:;ra. "Moves about among." More freely, " traverses." apv4 LV 1 yrye,'to..r. A.. A" For my part, I liken him to a thick. fleeced ram." The term apveL6C properly denotes a young ram just full grown. —Lepxerae. " Keeps passing through." 200-202. oVCroT d' a'i. "Now this one again," i. e., this one in his turn.-AaepT7r1&ei. Supply Eart.-6-Zv d VFo'IBdctlj, Ke. r. A3. "In the land of Ithaca, rocky though it be." Homer often employs diuorf in the sense of a region or country. It is here applied to the island of Ithaca. This island was rugged and mountainous. Com pare Virgil (in., iii., 272): "Scopulos Ithaca, LacPrtia regna." - J6;ovc. " Wiles." -Ie&a 7rvKvdc. "Prudent counsels," i. c., the giving of good advice. 204-20G d ydvaz ~.auea,'.,. A. "..0 lady, assuredly, thou' haMt 262 NOTrES TO BOOK 1ll. uttered in this a very true remark." More literally, othri nast tE. tered this as a very true word." —i6j yap roe'. " 1-tr once, before now."- ae eveY' ('dyye2iijf. " In an embassy on account of thee." Observe that aev is governed here by EveKa, and that the genitive iyyEritf' is to be construed with a;v8Oe. The rule for this last arrangement is as follows: "All verbs may have a genitive of the antecedent notion whence their action arises." (RKihner, ~ 481, 1, ed. Jelf.) Buttmann, however, supposes a masculine substantive ayyeMinr, equivalent to U6yye:or, on the authority of some Alexandrine grammarians, but this seems quite needless, and is ably op. posed by Spitzner. (Buttmann, Lezil., s. v. ayyret. -- Spitzner, ad II., xiii., 252.) Passow likewise rejects it. (Lex., s. v. ayyeita.) aiv'Apn7ioiX. MeveaX6C. Ulysses and Menelaus came as ambassadors to Troy, before the expedition was undertaken, and demanded the restoration of Helen. Antenor, who was probably connected by the ties of hospitality with several Grecian chieftains, received them into his palace, and was one of those who strenuously ad vised that their demand be granted. Hence, when Troy was taken, he and his family were spared by the Greeks. (Compare Liv.., i, 1.) The embassy, however proved a fiuitless one, and Antimachus, who had been bribed by Paris, even recommended that the two Grecian chiefs should be put to death. (I/., xi., 139, seqq.) Ulysses, on another occasion, entered Troy alone, disguised as a mendicant, an account of which is given in the Odyssey (iv., 240, seqq.) by Helen, who is said to have recognized him through his disguise, but who did not betray him. 207-215. qiza~a.' Received kindly." —v'v IJdiv. "I became acquainted with the genius."- /etXOEv, v. "They were mingled with." —rdvra v /Ev. "While they were standing." Genitive ab solute. Supply avi'rSv.-Vreipexev. Overtopped him." - uo 6' t'oe'tvw. "But, both sitting.'" Nominative dual. absolute. Zenc dotus, one of the ancient grammarians, was in favor of reading lCuEvewv in the genitive; but the dual rests here on many ancient authorities, in direct opposition to his opinion. Consult -Spitzner, ad loc.,VsOovf ica' rdE6ea iratv vQaLtvov. "They began to weave words and counsels for all," i. e., they began to harangue, and to give advice to the Trojans as to the course they should pursue. —'r7tpoxi r6v. "With rapid conciseness.".- — tala Rayeow. "In very cleam and musical tone." Wre have rendered this by two epithets, as Dest expressing, by their united meanings, the true force ct the word The ancients appear to have associated witl it in the pree. NOTES ro BOOK Iff. 263. ent passage, the idea of something sweet or Jleasing; and hence Cicero, in his Brutus (xiii., 50), says, "Menelaum ipsum dulcerm quidem tradit Homerus, sed pauca loquentem." - oM6' CuaiapTroerrr. "Nor one who missed the point," i. e., nor a random talker. —yives arTEpof. "Younger in age." Literally, "after (him) by birth." 216-220. aiva:etev. "' Sprang up." Observe that the optative with ire answers to the English phrase " as often as," &c.-ardatev, -,rai 6' ideaice, K. r. X. The poet here. represents Ulysses, in the commencement of a harangue, as standing like one lost in meditation, with his eyes fixed on the ground. Compare the remark of Quintilian: "Mire auditurum dicturi cura delectat, et judez se ipse componit. Hoc prcecipit Homerus Ulixis exemplo, quem stetisse oculis in terram defixis, immotoque sceptro, priusquam illami eloquentias procellam effunderet." (xi., 3, 158.) ~iztnrrpov. Consult note on book i., verse 15. — Ev/a. "He turned." —TarseU. " Unmoved." —d`6peL. "Unskilled in art," i. e., inexperienced in the art of addressing an assembly.- Faigr K6.5dorov, IC. r. I. "You would say that he was some one exceedingly angry, and devoid of reason, acting as he did." Observe the force of avr)ro, literally, "just so," " even so," as referring to the appearance which Ulysses presented at the commencement of his remarks. The meaning intended to be conveyed by the passage itself is given as follows by an anonymous commentator: His brow being gathered into wrinkles, as is the case when a man of an ex pressive countenance collects his thoughts, gave a severity to his look, thit might have been construed as a sign of anger; and his sceptre held motionless, on account of his being absorbed with the subject on which he was about to speak, gave him the air of a man whose mind is perfectly vacant. A head crowded with ideas, and a head with none in' it, are often indicated by similar gestures. 221-224. (2' 0i re d6a ia. "But when, now, then." Observe the employment here of the particle Aa to denote something sudden and unexpected, the change, namely, of manner in Ulysses when he began to speak. —iat. In some manuscripts we find the optative Etll and it is very doubtful whether this be not the true reading. We certainly want the optative here, just as we have it after 6re in verse 216, so as to give ore the meaning of " whenever." Compare the remarks of Hermann, Opusc., vol. ii., p. 37. Kai Errea vcqiadeaatv, K. r. 3. 1" And words like wl.try flakes ot snow." A beautiful image. Compare the remark of Quintilian, referred to in the note on verse 217, where the Roman critic speaks of the " eloquentixe procellam" of the chieftain of Ithaca. " The pase e264 NS OruES TO BOOK III. wge concerning the different eloquence of Menelaus and ilysses ia inexpressibly just an-I beautiful," remarks Pope. "The close bis toric conciseness of the one is finely opposed to the copious, vehe ment, and penetrating oratory of the other, which is so exquisitely described in the simile of the snow."' ovK cv e7etr', K. 7. A3. "Not then with Ulysses, certainly, could any other mortal have vied; not then, indeed, did we wonder so tnuch at the appearance of Ulysses, having looked at him, (as at the words that fell from his lips)." Compare the explanation of Heyne: "Non tam formam oris mirabamur, quam nunc cloquentiam." When they.saw him standing and looking-so strangely at first, they wondered in their own bosoms, and thought to themselves, What will come from such a one' When, however, they heard him speak, their astonishment was roused in turn by his words, and they forgot entirely the appearance which he had made. 225-233. -r rpiTov avr'. " Again, in the third place."-vM r7T uMyas -re. Compare verse 167. —Eoxof'Apyeiov. "Eminent abov, the Greeks." Compare the version of Voss: " Welcher dem Volk vc rag'et an Haupt und michtigen Schultern." —1da yvvattcv. Compal verse 171. —Aar ireXZ6pto~. " The huge and terrible Aiax." The epithet xreXl6ptoC, in Homer, refers to what is " huge," "monstrous," &c., with the collateral notion, for the most part, of " terrible." W'e have rendered it, therefore, on the present occasion, by a double epithet. The allusion is to the Telamonian Ajax. Consult note on Oook ii., verse 400.'Idoaevevi. King of Crete, who accompanied the Greeks to the Trojan war with a fleet of ninety ships. —Oes' (T. Consult note on verse 2.-66-r(re Itcotro "Whenever he came." Compare note on verse 216. 235-242. obg Kev kEV voi7v, ic. I. ". WhomI should easily recog-. rize, and whose names I could tell." We have given r' oiVvopa (i. e., re ovvoua), with Hermann and Spitzner, as more in accordance with Homeric usage than rovvoua, for rb o5voya. (Hermann, ad Vig., p. 708.) —Kdaropa Y' irTrr66a/ov, c. r. X.. Both Castor, the tamer oi steeds, and Pollux, good in boxing; my own two brothers." Castor and Pollux were the sons of Tyndareus and Leda, and were, therefore, uterine brothers of Helen, that is, born of the same mother, Helen being the daughter of Leda and Jove. Hence Apolloniua remarks (Lex. Hom., s. v.), av'oIcaaiyvrooL * kyovral Kai o-i oCt Xrpt u,5v27C, th 01o Ac6oCKovpPC. 0 O JiX cT,0W9lv, K. -. Es. We have given here the interrogative i, instead of the common a The latcer wants force. —devo. Here. IrOTES TO BC' III. 265 lian, W. Dindorf, an 1 Spitzner, all give the preference to this form over the ordinary depo. If we read the latter, the final syllable must be lengthened by the arsis. —vfv ab-r'. " Now, however." Observe that avre here follows ue.v in place of U6P. This is not unfre. quent in poetry, but never occurs in prose. The common text has vyv 6' avr' erroneously.-aloXEa 6Etor rec Kat bveidea, ii. r. 2. " IHaving shrunk from the disgraces and the many reproaches that are mine," i. e., that attach to me. Observe that /ot is here what the grammarians call " dativus incommodi." 243-244. troV' 6' M&7 KariXE, I. T. X. " But them the life-bestow Mng earth already possessed; there in Lacedaemon, in their own native land." We may render Karixe more freely, " held in her bosom;" literally, "held down." Castor and Pollux had fallen in conflict with Lynceus and Idas. Homer here speaks of both brothers as being in the grave; but, according to the legend mentioned in the Odyssey (xi., 302, seqq.), they shared immortality alternately, being each one day on Olympus, and the other in the lower world. (Apol. lod., ii., 11, 2.) The pathos of these two lines is singularly beauti ful - the brothers are at rest from their troubles, and forget the disgrace of their sister in the long sleep of death; she herself, the author of all this shame, being ignorant of their end. Beautiful, however, as the passage is, the commentators have coldly set themselves in array against verse 244, and have pronounced it spurious, on account of the hiatus after AaKE6aiuLove. Bentley proposes to remedy this by reading either AaKEda[/ovt 6bOdE, or Aaule6aiov' iivevOe. 245-249. K6pvKIef 6' (E' (6OrTV, a. r. A. " But the heralds, meanwhile, were bearing through the city the faith-insuring pledges of the gods," i. e., the victims that were to be sacrificed in ratification of the solemn truce. We have elsewhere given i5pEan the more general me~aning of a contract or agreement on oath. In the present passage, however, it is to be taken, as Buttmann remarks, in a somewhat modified and more definite sense, that is to say, in the sense of bodily objects which serve as a pledge or sign ot the oath. We find a corresponding usage in the poets who followed Homer; as when, in Pindar, the betrothed Eriphyle is called the OpKLc'v 7irtrov or future peace, and at Ol., 11, 6, the Hymns are the Lroarv OpClKOV of future fame. (Bizttimann, Lexzl., p. 439, ed. Fishl.) EiVpcva. " Gladdening."-icaK5 Iv alyeih. " In a goat-skin bottle." —apKrinpa aecvo6v. "A bright mixer." Observe that I,oyrv7 p is not here such a mixer as that which has been mentioned at book i.. verse 470 It was now to contain the wine of Foth parties mizel rz 266 NOTES TO BOOK H11. together fcr libation, and this was to be drawn flom it in ctevp Compare verse 270.- rpsvve yTpcvra. "He urged on the aged monarch." 250-257. bpaeo. "Arise." A second aorist imperative middle of 6pvvtl. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 193, ed. Fishl.) Matthize er roneously explains it by making the future OpaLo, opuoyat, to be considered as a new theme; whence 6pceo. —Ka2Lovatv. Supply cr.iv' iipcta rtiara r6urre. "In order that ye may strike a faithful league." Consult note on book iii., verse 73. The editions vary here, some having rducmuoev, others rc'pu7re, or raEaat, or Frl7T(at We have adopted zduP?7rE, with Spitzner, as more Homeric thai Heyne's Tr6yuat, since Homer uses in this form the active, and not the middle voice. Besides, rrczcat is found in only a single manu script. oi 6' AAoB 0~L67Tr ra, K. r. XA. Compare verse 73, seqq. —- roi i VE-. ovrat. "But let them return." Observe that v ovrae is here the subjunctive, with the shortened mood-vowel, for vwovrac. 259-263. biynae.'Shuddered," i. e., at the possibility of hiY son's falling in the combat with Menelaus.-EKiLevvae 6' &raipotC The accusative traipovf is an inferior reading, and would produce an unpleasant similarity of sound with trrrTovg following immediately. after. According to one of the scholiasts, moreover, the dative was preferred here by Zenodotus and Aristarchus; and it is also given by Heyne, Wolf, and Spitzner. In Attic prose, on the other hand the dative with /ceXevo' is very doubtful. The accusative with the infinitive is the common Attic construction. (Kiihner, ~ 589, 3 Obs. 3, ed. Jelf.) av 6' ap' e&6 Hppipa/no. " Up, then, went Priam," i. ce., Priam ac. cordingly mounted the chariot. The Dorians and the Epic writers often reject the final vowel of acvd, wrapd,!card, even when the next word begins with a consonant; as in the present case. Buttrnanp thinks that the preposition;', for avd ought to have no accent, but lie is successfully opposed by Spitzner, who reasons from the analogy of 7rrp from irapd, rr6r from 7oro, &c., in favor of giving bv ay accent. —-.ar(a 6''via -rEvev birtaaO. "And tightly he drew back the reins." The reins had been fastened, according to custom, to the front part of the margin of the chariot: these he seizes, and pulls them toward himself. In proceeding to battle, the 7rapa6dirvc, or warrior, was superior in rank to the OepiroJv, or charioteer; here, however, Priam acts the part of charioteer, and Antenor Kit by his side.. The latter would seem to have been selected ac v:ompanion on the preseet occasion, because, in addition to the cha NOTES TO LOOK II1.'6j actei of wisdom which he enjoyed, he was not nnknown to the Greeks. Consult note on verse 148.-trap de ol. "And by his side." /3,emro. " Mounted." Observe that ra-p Pi7aero guides us to the term 7rapa6dcr~n, as indicating the one who moves on in the chariot by the side of the charioteer. Observe, also, that fijaero is the lorist, and only another form for ijcaaro. Indeed, it is the more correct form of the two in Homer. (Buttmann's Irreg. Verbs, p. 38.) -KLcat(v. Supply -rrv2Cv, and consult note on verse145. —ixov. "Guided." The verb 4Xo gets this meaning from the more general one of " to hold on the course of a thing," " to keep a thing in any given direction." 265-270. 5 tc7rrwuv. Foi e't 6idpov.-E-airtX6ovro. Observe the employment of the imperfect to denote slowness of movement. So, again, )pvvro denotes the slow and dignified rising of Agamemnon, as the Trojans slowly advanced.- aiv 6''Odvaebg 7roR2vJ/rer. The minor scholiast makes a'v equivalent here to dvrW771. It is much better, however, to regard it merely as a preposition, and to supply flpvvro from the preceding verse. —pKcta rTar. Compare verse 245. oivov tayov. "They mixed the wine." Observe that uciayov does not allude here to any mixing of water with the wine, which was never allowed at a libation, but to the mixing together in the same cup of the wine of the Trojans and that of the Greeks. Thi;s anion of the wine of the two contracting parties was meant to be symbolical of mutual good faith in observing the league or compact that'was formed. Hence we may observe, also, that uiayelv differs from cepdCaat, the latter referring to the mixing of water with wine. vddwp Cird Xerpag %Xevov. We have now another step in the ceremony. Water is poured upon the hands, to remove all pollution before entering on the details of the sacrifice. This was always customary. 271-272. hpvaE: uevof Xeipecat jzu(iXatpav,. r. X. 1" Having drawn out with his hands his large knife, which was always suspended beside the huge scabbard of his sword." In the heroic ages, the Greeks usually wore a large two-edged dagger or knife (utiXcatpa), suspended by the sword on the left side of the body, and used it on all occasions instead of an ordinary knife. Tlus, These'us draws his dagger to cut his meat at table. (Plut., Thes., p. 10, ed. Steph.l the custom is continued to the present day among the Arnauts, who claim descent from the ancient Greeks. (Dodwell, Tour, vol i., p. 133.) The accompanying woodcut shows three ancient dag eils of the kind 268f NOTES To BOOK III A t a later period, pfaxatpa meant a sabre or bent sword, as lpp> sed to TIPor, the straight sword. 273-275. apvS3v EKc KE0a2eov, KC. r. R. It was customary at sacrtl fices, before the animal was killed, to cut a bunch of hair from its forehead, which was thrown into the fire as primitice. On the present occasion, however, the hairs were distributed among the principal persons present, that all might be parties to the compact, and nerhaps, also, that each might preserve his portion of the hairs as a proof of the league that was to be struck. So Priam, one of the two main contracting parties, carries away with him to Troy a portion of the victims (verse 310). —piatrotf. "To the principal per. sons." —pueyd2' cXemro. "Prayed long and loudly." Observe the force of the imperfect, as indicating the long continuance of the prayer. 276-277. Id6v0ev ucercov. " Ruling from Ida." Jove had an alta! and sanctuary on Gargarus, one of the summits of the range of Ida; and hence he is supposed to take up his abode here at times, and to look down from this upon the Idean plain. The clouds occasion ally enveloping the summits of the range, and descending thence with tempests to the country beneath, as well as the lightning that illumined the scene, would seem to have given rise to this popular belief.-Thiersch (Gr., ~ 198, 8) makes the ending -&Ev equivalent here to -6t, and translates " on this Ida." Usteri gives this the Qreference, but without any good reason. (Wolf's Vorles., ii., 213.)'11ttIt6o'. "And thou, 0 Sun." Observe here the employment of the nominative for the vocative, the regular form of expression being Kai ac} ( "H6 te. The vocative, however, is an unimportant case. It is not at all essential to a language, as may be seen from its not existing in many languages, its place being supplied by the nominative. In the present instance, even though there is a propel vocative form, the nominative is employed in its stead. (KiiJne NOTES TO BOOK III. 269 4 479, 1, ed. Jelf., — S irauv, qopopy;. The Sunl sees all things in his,aily course. 278-279. Kai Ilorajtoi Kai' FaTa. Compare verse 104. —eat oee 6;rivepoOc Katu6vrTa, K. T.X. "And ye two, who -beneath punish men that have ceased from their (earthly) labors, whatsoever one may have sworn a false oath." As the dual number is employed here, the reference must be, of necessity, to Pluto and Proserpina. Else where, however (II., xix., 259, seq.), the task of punishing the perjured is assigned to the Erinyes or Furies.-K-cat6vraC. More literally, "those who once labored." Buttmann thinks that eaYL6vref, whe'. applied to the dead, means those who are still living in another state, but deprived of their earthly powers. (Lexil., p. 372, ed. Fishl.) We have given, however, what seems a far more natural interpretation. 280-287. catre. The imperative, and therefore accented accordingly, not the indicative i7ar. So, also, bv2cdaoaere is the imperative. (Spitzner, ad loc.)-ICE KaTa7rEvp. " Shall chance to slay." —tcrjiearo rcdvra. Compare verse 70.-Tpt3a f Eretr' a7rodotvat. "Then (grant) that the Trojans restore." The infinitive is here used for the imperative, where, according to the common explanation, we may supply 66c, or something equivalent. More correctly speaking, the infinitive is used in forms of wishing or praying, in invocations and entreaties that the person addressed would cause some one else to do something; the accusative is joined with the infinitive, and the two together stand as the object of a verb, expressing or implying the notion of wishing or desiring; such as l0e2Le, or eiXotzat; d66f, or vrolet. (Kiihner, ~ 67, b, p. 302, ed. Jelf.)- Observe the force of the aorist in d7rodoovat, as denoting immediate restitution. T'rt-3v. "A compensation," i. e., an equivalent for the expenses of the war. - -vrtv' E'OtiEV. "Whatever it is fitting (that they should pay)."- - re Kcai iaEoO[EVOttL, IK. r. 2. -" Which may also remain among men of future ages." More literally, " among men about to be," i. e., which in similar cases shall be paid also by posterity. The compensation paid. on the present occasion, in case Paris should fall, is to be a precedent in similar cases unto posterity. (Neue Jahrb., &c., vol. xxxiv., p. 371.) Barnes, without any necessity, proposes uOIL7erat for 7rr2Vrae. 290-291. aTrap iyr e-ati iretra. "1, however, even afterward." The particle avdrTp, here as elsewhere, at the beginning of a clause. serves to express a rapid change and continuation of the subject.eWC Kee reoof, Ic. t. A. "Until I attain the object of the war." Li erally, " until I find the end of the war," i. e.. the true end Z 2 270 NOTES TO BOOK ITT. 292-296. 4iro crotaxov~ T(i/Le.' Cut the throats." We have in tar6 the reading of Aristarchus. Others prefer &ri, and a scholium in the Venice manuscript declares this latter oK zXaptf ypab.fr The form d v7ruorVetV, however, was the one commonly used by the later Greeks in such cases as the present, and was probably also the more Homeric one.-mOv/to devoygivov~. " Wanting vital power."Eikvof. "Theit strength." This, in fact, is the same as ivIoOi th.at precedes, the one being an explanation of the other. - e'cxEov. "They poured it slowly forth." 299-301. 07rro6repoT 7rporepot, K. T. 2. "Whichever side shall first commit wrong contrary to the pledges." Observe that Vi.Ep literally implies an overstepping of certain prescribed limits, and in this way a violation of certain stipulated duties. Sonme read V5rrrpepKta as a species of adverb, but Eustathius and the scholiasts more correctly write the two words separately. The adverbial force of 5r,-p is still preserved by this arrangement. —d56 crt EyKEya:oc acvr7Sv Kai retcgwv. " Thus for them may the brains of themselves and their children.". —da,uev. " Be enslaved." 302-313. oid' Zpa ri6, K. 7. XA. " But not yet thereupon did the son of Saturn accomplish it for them." —rolc d'/LUera. "And among tnern." Observe that lierac is here still adverbial in force.-V-roc ey&v eatu. "I indeed will go." - omr)wf. "Not at all." Better than or.o, the ordinary reading. - ZebS iv wrov. " Jove. if I mistake not." dpvas OCro. The grammarians invent various reasons to show why the lambs were carried back by Priam. The best explanation appears to be this: they were carried off either to be interred or cast into the sea., as they could not be eaten, being victims of malediction. —Cpop o. " Going hack." 315-318. Xcpov. " The ground," i. e., th:e lists.-K-x;tpovf ev Kvvy?, K. X.:A. Observe the mode here practiced of drawing lots. They are put into a helmet, which is shaken by a third party, who turns away his face at the time, and the person whose lot leaps forth has the first cast with the spear.-P-3i.Xov. "They cast them." Hector cast into the helmet the lot of Paris, and Ulysses that of Menelaus. We have not hesitated here to adopt the emendation recommended oy Bothe, namely, iS26Rov, instead of the generally received reading -r0Lzov ("they shook them"). Two persons were not required for shaking the helmet; and, besides, the poet, in verse 324, says expressly that this was done by Hector. Moreover, the Homeric mode of narrating is not to give the whole account summarily at once, but the individual parts in succession. NJOTES TO BOORK hII. 27l &orrrorepo~ ~i "As to which of the two, thereupon."- lEoier 6d l-eipaC (diviXov. We have given here, with Spitzner, the reading and punctuation recommended by Volf.' Heyne follows the gram. marian Nicanor, 2lao' d' Wpcaavro 490Fo, M6E XEIPac &vtcXOV, the argumnent urged in favor of this latter being as follows, namely, that ii AeowC be joined to the second clause, the Greeks will appear to have prayed to one class of deities, and to have held up their hands to another class. The verb tapaaOat, however, is elsewhere often used ny Homer with the name of a deity to be supplied from what immediately goes before. Besides, the form &geo7o avacXetv XeIpar is one of very common occurrence with reference to all the heavenly deities, and is, in fact, nothing more than Xepas cJvaaxev eil ro' otpav6v. 321-323. rTrOTrepOg THd&E tpya, K. r. X. " Whichever of the two caused these doings between us both," i. e., gave rise, by his conduct, to this protracted and bloody war. - divat d51ov'AiEdoS eiao. "May enter within the abode of Hades," i. e., may descend to the lower world. —act. " On the other hand." —pKLta 7rtSTa. 1 "A faithful league." 324-325. rdaSev. "Shook the helmet." The accusative of the object (KvvtElv) is to be supplied.-aHi bpodwv. "Looking backward." This was done, lest his eye, if he saw the contents of the helmet, should affect his hand, and he should favor the lot of Paris. -tK ~povaev. " Leaped forth." -Observe the adverbial force oft e. 326-331. o/ jzv. The Greeks and Trojans. - Zov7ro. "Seated themselves." —Xt Etc-arv, K. r. A. "Where for each one his lightfooted horses stood, and his variegated arms were lying." Observe the zeugma in EKErTO, this verb containing the particular notion of' lying" as the general notion of being in store, standing ready, &e.',Kiihner, ~ 895, d., ed. Jelf.) rcv/ziiac. A pair of greaves (icvtz)dE) was one of the six articles if armor which formed the complete equipment of a Greek warrior. They were made of bronze, of tin, of silver, and gold, with a lining probably of leather, felt, or cloth. The greaves, lined with these materials, as they were fitted with great exactness to the leg, prob ably required, in many cases, no other fastening than their own elasticity. Often, nevertheless, they were secured by strips, or, as in the present instance, by ankle-rings. The modern Greeks and Albanians wear greases, in form resembling those of the ancients, rut made of softer materials, such as velvet, ornamented with gol. und fastened with hooks nd eyes. The tollowing cuts will show tte form of the greave. '72 NOTES TO BOOK Ilt dpyVptoaWv rlreVpEaog. " With silver ankle-rings." Some rende: racovptoLf by the term "clasps," but this is less accurate. The term irwca6ptov properly denotes something laid or placed upon the ankle. 332-333. 6rEvepov aZ. "Again, in the second place." —19WpjKa "The corselet." Mppoe 6' a6TU. "For it fitted him." Observe that Ip/Ioce Is here taken intransitively. 334-339. eqyi 6' up' 5,uotal, K. r. 7. Compare book ii., verse 45. -iaboc. The gioof was straight, two-edged (6iupqycer), rather broad, and nearly of equal width from hilt to point. -- calor. A term o0 frequent recurrence in Homer. The earliest shields were of wicker work, or wood, covered with one or more ox-hides: if more than one, they were parted by metal-plates, whence the epithets XaiXseov, c.yaKiipEs, &c. —Kpaci 6' e'''ibOitC,.r. A. The helmet was originally made of skin or leather, whence is supposed to have arisen its appellation Kvvel, meaning, properly, a helmet of dog-skin, but applied to caps or helmets made of the hide of other animals, and ever to those which were entirely of bronze or iron. The five fol-.owing helmets are selected from antique gems, and are engravea )f the size of the originals. i7rirovptv. "Decked with a horse-tail," i. e., having a horse. hal crest. —,etv'v 6d;Xo6.oC, c. T. 2. "And fearfully did the crest nod NOTES'rO aV)OK IlI. 273 fEoio: above.' More literally, "keep nodding," as indicated by the imperfect.-(iAKqKvo v tyXoc. "His stout spear." —6d d' avrow-. "A.nd in this same manner." Literally, " and thus, in the same manner." Homer always writes it thus, separated; but in Attic the form is fdavr(oc. 340-347. tIaTCpOEV 6i2Xov. "' From each side of the throng," z. f., from the throng on either side. The genitive here depends on KidrEpOev, adverbs of parting, separating, &c., taking the genitive case. (Kiihner, ~ 513, 5.)- op^xfOp7aav. "They had armed themselves." The passive in a middle sense. - - Cuia.ov, "Into the space between." - d-tlSv 6EpKcSEvot. "Looking fearfully."- Xe-,. " Held possession of." —aetovr'. For aeiovre, the dual. —Koriov r. "Cherishing wrath." 6SXtX6aCtov PyXo-. "His long-shadow-casting spear," i. e., his long spear. Some, however, with less probability, and certainly with less of the spirit of poetry, deduce do2XOtX6actor from bOXor, the shaft or handle of a spear, and make the epithet in question signify "long-shafted," as if for do2tX6aJ'XtoC -- iKa'i PdaEv'Arpetiao, Ki. r. X' And struck filll against the every-way-equal shield of the son ol Atreus," i. e., the round shield, equal in every direction from the centre. Hence the scholiast explains it by KvKXorep7. Observe that both the genitive and accusative are construed with kard in the signification of "against," but that the accusative denotes a fuller and more direct action on or upon. 348-350. ov' pp7rSv xa;K2c6v. " But it rent not the brass," i. e., the brazen plate of the shield. Some manuscripts have the nominative Xacitc6C, and the meaning will then be, " but the brass rent it not," i. c., the brazen-pointed spear rent not the shield. The scholiast remarks, that Aristarchus preferred xatcd., but that Xa3/coc an better. The accusative, however, is found in most of the manu. pseriptq, and ought by all Inea is to be'-. efrred tn thle nominative 274 NCIES TO BOOK IIT, HTeyne sayc, " N: quicquam interest, utro modo learns;" but the reading XaKXoc introduces an unnecessary change of the subject, -the reference in both of the previous clauses having been to Paris. aveyvytOr de6 ol atXiuoi, Ic. r. 2. "For the point was bent back unto it in the strong shield," i. e., its point was bent back, &c., the dative ol referring to the spear, and being equivalent here to TyXei. The meaning of the passage is this, that the spear did not rend oi?ass completely through the brazen plate of the shield, but merely stuck in it, and had its point bent.-o- 6k deVSepor, K.. TX. "The other, thereupon, roused himself next with his brazen spear, AMenelaus,namely), the son of Atreus, after having addressed a brief prayer unto Father Jove." Observe the demonstrative force of o and also the peculiar beauty of the aorist participle iErevd/6eevor. 351-354. TriaoOat. "To avenge myself upon."-O. The Ionic and Doric relative pronoun for.g.- ue KKt' EOpye. Observe the double accusative with the verb.-ddpaaaov. Aristarchus wished to read tdau.Yvae, but ditaaaeov is stronger, and shows a more immediate participation in the affair by the deity invoked. —ofpa rtc Wpytfg, K. T. A. " In order that any one even of posterity may shudder to do evil things unto a host, whosoever may have afforded him a friendly reception." More literally, "any one even of late-boril men." Observe that!i3Ltya, the perfect of'tyow, has a present signification. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verb., p. 222, ed. Fishl.) — lcev. For or iev. Consult note on verse 351. 355-360. c&1urerraa2uv. "Having poised and drawn backward." The verb c'ivaarratX properly denotes "to swing to and fro." It here refers to the poising and drawing back of the spear, in order to throw it with greater force. Observe that, among the: Epic poets, the second aorists active and middle frequently have the reduplication throughout all the moods, and that c',ure7raUv is here for 6va7rewraaXdv, i. e., cavalra2Lv. di jEv uaniso~, K. r. 2. Observe that the line here begins with a tribrach (6id gzev), which is to be converted into a dactyl (ida iu;v) by the arsis, or stress'f the voice on the first syllable. (Compare Hermann, Elem. Doct Meitr., p. 45.) Bothe, however, insists that the tribrach ought to be retained in the scansion of this verse, but fewr, if any, will agree with him in opinion.-U6ptyov. Hermann and Bekker both think thit there is more force of expression in o 6ptjov, and that the numbers of the line would gain by it; but- the best manuscripts, as also the grammarians, are all in favor of 056pytov. c:ai di 419pKOr, K. 7. X. ". And was forced through his corselet, bV,)ugbf with much ingenious art." Observe the r'nployment at NCT.ES TO BOOK IIl. 275 Ine piliperfect in an irnperiect sense. It had been forcerl through, and it remained forced through, i. e., it stood forced through. The scholiast regards the rough and harsh sound of.p'porwetaro as al, echc to the sense, and as indicating the force of the blow: rd flicov ric 7rr27yg ~rapapd2oi T r7 x 7i,apael roU /Uarog.-a'vrtLcpV 6s 7rapai a.iUrdpalv,.. r. "A. "And the spear pierced right through his tunic along the flank." Observe that the final syllable of aVrtLCpV is lengthened by the arsis, and that there is no need, therefore, of Bentley's emendation avrutcpvc. —K~iv087. "Bent himself sideways." 362-363. avaao;6F1evoC. " Having raised it on high." Supply aUr6, as referring to ibot. —tc pvOoc a2uosv. " The metal ridge of his helmet." The precise meaning of Q0dtor is involved in great obscurity Buttmann, after a careful examination of the different Homeric pass. ages in which it occurs, adopts the usual notion, that the bapdoS was what was afterward called the K)voc, namely, a metal ridge in which the plume was fixed. (Lexil., p. 521, ed. Fishl.) —i4t~q 6' ap' aVr), KC. r. A. 1" But straightway, thereupon, shivered round about it into both three pieces and four pieces, it fell from his hand." Observe in this fine passage the echo of the sound to the sense, and how admirably the harsh adverbial forms rptxq0 and rerpaX0Gc imitate, as it were, the crash of the shivered weapon. Observe, also, the quickness of action indicated by both 6tarpv~bv and Irceae.avr. Referring to the Qda2or, round about which the splintered fragments fly. Aristarchus preferred ari,, referring it to the whole helmet, and Heyne adopts this reading; but it is sanctioned by no existing manuscript. 365-368. aoo)7repo0. "Is more hurtful," i. ce., is the author of greater ill. This is spoken in the spirit of a rude age, when the god who is invoked to aid in the accomplishment of any end is blamed as the author of ill luck in case that end be not brought about. —. S.06'uv. 1 "Assuredly I even thought." Consult note on verse 28. -riaea6al. Consult note on verse 28. —catc6ryro7. " For his wickedness." The genitive here denotes the cause from which the idea uf vengeance or retaliaticn arises.,ya.. rWe have adopted this form of the second aorist, with Spitzner, on the authority not only of certain manuscripts, and of Eusta.,hius In his commentary on the present passage, but also on that of iHomer himself, who in the sixteenth booer, verse 801, has as fol-,ows: 7rav 6d of ~v xeipeea6tv iy c doRtx6,ot/Cov e7Xo~. Heyne, on the other hand, rejects 6yy in both cases, as a false reading, because the initial vowel in aiyc. is long, and thinks that the ancient reading was wil.h the digamma, vvyv d6 liot? XepatV FEyrYS ftiSo, K. r. a, Bul 276t NOTES TO BOOK Ill. by far tLe greater number of passages show the a in Iyy to be sho I, and, in the later poets (as, for example, Theocritus, xxii., 190), it is most certainly shortened. Indeed, the true Homeric form of this aorist can not now be ascertained in some passages, owing to the disappearance of the digamma, which belonged originally to this verb. (Buttmann, Irreg. Yerb., p. 5, ed. Fishl.) 1x d6 puot eyXo", i. r. i. "While my spear was made to start forth from my hand without effect." Literally, "the spear for me." The adverbial force of Eic is still apparent here, though followed by the genitive 7ra2a'u'lltv. 369-372. rKpvOo' Xdaev 1rzrodaaei[r. "He seized him by his helmet with bushy horse-hair crest." Observe the employment of the genitive to indicate the part where the grasp was made. —KRce. "Began to drag him." Observe the force of the imperfect.-'dyX di Atv, K: r. "2. " But the richly-embroidered strap under his tender throat kept choking him, which had been stretched for him beneath his chin, as the holder of histielmet." The helmet here is fastened beneath the chin with a richly-wrought leathern strap. In a later age there were two cheek-pieces (wapayvaO[ieg), which were attach ed to the helmet by hinges, so as to be lifted up and down. They had buttons or ties at their extremities, for fastening the helmet on! the head. Compare woodcut on page 263.?Vro dEtpiv. Observe the employment of the accusative here, where we would expect the dative. This is called the preghanl construction of the preposition, where the speaker regards the motion which precedes, and which is implied in the succeeding state of comparative rest. (Kiihner, 645, p. 280, ed. Jellf.) -Vri' av6r oerDvor. Explaining more nearly T-ror dElprV. 373-378. tca''paro. "And would have gained for himself., More literally, "would have taken up for himself," i. e., would have taken up and carried away as his own. Observe the force of the middle. —tj dp' obb v6srae. " Had not thereupon quickly perceived it."-ol. "For him," i. e., for Menelaus, to his disadvantage anr disappointment.-izyivTra oor prt craIuvoto. " The thong of an or killed by violence," i. e., the strap made of the hide of an ox so slain. The hide of a beast put to death by violence, and while in a healthy condition, was said to be tougher and fitter for use than that of one which had died of disease or old age. Compare the language of the scholiast: r' yap rTv 7vrlayrtaiov idov d'pp/ara aaOevi7 E'ariv, At arv wrpodatPO0apvra V7ro r7i/ voaov. evIn de' rpvorR2eza. "And thereupon the empty helmet." The helmet here stands opposed to the person of Paris itself ~l'servw NOTES TO BOOK III. 277 tLe hiatus in -rpvcdaeta I', which is remedied, ho vever, by its oc. curring in the caesura of the line, or, in other words, after the rhythmical pause. There is no need, therefore, of Bentley's rpvea. F)ei,; and, besides, the regular Homeric form is Tpv0ci2eta.-E-&rtdt. 7iaag. " Having whirled it around." The participle, in fact, stands here with a kind of adverbial force, to indicate the manner in which the helmet was flung, and may, therefore, be rendered more freely "with a whirl." —KO6laav. "Took care of it." Consult note on book ii., verse 183. 379-382. avrap 6 It) e7r6povae. " lie, however rushed back upoln him." Observe that 6 refers to Menelaus. —rv 6' E:p7rca''A0podiro "But the latter Venus snatched away." —are. " As (being)," i. e., inasmuch as she was — lptL 7rot02,. " In a thick haze." In Homer and Hesiod, the term dlp stands for the lower air, the atmosphere, thick air or haze surrounding the earth, and opposed to ail'Op, the pure upper air; hence misty darkness, mist, or gloom. (Consult Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.)-K.Zd 6' Eta.' v. " And placed him down in," i. e., seated him in. Bentley and Heyne think Kdd 6' eicev more Homeric, omitting the preposition v; but they are refuted by Spitzner, who shows that with such a verb as eica the preposition must he expressed. —With regard to Kcid, consult note on book ii., verse i 60. 383-388. a'rb &' av', ic. r. X. "But she herself, on the other hand, went to call Helen." Observe that tKa;ovo' is here the future participle, contracted for Kaekacovca.-Tpoa2. "Trojan females." Not the female attendants already mentioned (verse 143), but other Trojan women who had come to the spot to witness the combat.-.avofi. This genitive depends on.a6oaca, not on r7ivafe, which last has avTr'v' understood.-j-/v. Put here for ieavrv. —raatyrevii.'Far advanced in years." Enlarging on the idea contained in yprit.:- eipOKc6P. "A wool-dresser." The idea involved in this term is enlarged upon immediately after in v oi AaeKedaireovt, Ic. r. A. —vaef lawtjo. "When she lived." — ijKetv eipla icKaXa. "Used to prepare neautiful fleeces." Observe here the peculiar ending of the irnper. feet, caKEtv for'CK/EEv. If we follow the authority of manuscripts, the final v ought to be omitted here; but if we take the best ancient grammarians for our guides, we must retain it. (Consult Spitzner,.d loc.)-LeCECK ev. The imperfect beautifully indicates the long continuance of affection on the part of the aged female. 391-394. KreVOc 5y'. " He, that (loved) one." Observe here the peculiar combination of pronouns. K6ppen not unaptly compares with this the Latin il1e ego.-hai (51nevvr/.7t recelat. "And the A s 278 NOTES TO BOOK III. roundedi bed' The epithet tlvurolai refers here to a bed tl,m fiame-work of which has been rounded off and. worked smooth, sc that tV&rTorV 1,iXo is the same as ropvVTOrV. Thus, Eustathius remarks, Atv(oro)r dl. d'yE: ro1 ropvoro0g.-arit'6wov. "Glistening," z. e., bright and fair to t'.e view. Atheneeus (i., 33) incorrectly refers Kci2ERi' ar7iSMO to the bright appearance produced by the employment of unguents. The poet merely means it to be taken, in a general sense, for what is bright and fair.-jtaXeaadjtevov a2or~v. "H Iad come, after having just contended with." Observe the force of the aorist participle. —pXEaO'. " That lie was going." Imperfect of the infinitive. —7I Xopo~o vwov, rc. r. A. "Or that he was sitting down, just ceasing from a dance." Observe that Xop6g, in this.assage, means a dance, combined with song; or, in other words, a estal dance. / 395-398. &vubv Evi ucijOEauZv OptvE. Compare book ii., verse 142. -I#,epOevra. "Lovely."-Oat6aC6 v r' Tp' 7%ezra, a. r. 2. Observe that the particle re is thrice repeated in this line, in order to mark the close connection between the feeling of amazement and the ut terance given to it in words. 399-402. AatCovig, ri jte ra7ra, i. r. I.. "Strange (and fearful) one, why dost thou desire to deceive me'in these things." Observe that datovb7i here implies on the part of the speaker a mixed feeling of reproach and fear. Compare note on book i., verse 561. — vrre ie 7rpoTrpO, ic. r. 2. "Wilt thou lead me any where farther on among well-inhabited cities, either of Phrygia or of lovely Maeonia "' Literally, " in respect of well-inhabited cities." As regards the various modes of reading and construing this passage, consult Spit;ner, ad loc.-Ei rt' rToi cai iceO, K. T. "A. "In case there is some ohe there, also, of articulate-speaking men that is dear to thee." (o. serve the peculiar force of cati Ktet, " there also," i. e., as well as in other places, and especially here in Troy, where thy Paris dwells.It would seem, from the general -tenor of this speech, that Helen takes it for granted she is now about to be delivered up to Menelaus, in accordance with the, terms of the truce, and that Venus is endeavoring to frustrate this by deception on her part, and by lead. ing Helen away to some new favorite in stranger lands. 4,uvyicr. The Greater Phrygia is mueant. —Mno;,4iV. Maeoria was the earlier name of Lydia. In a special sense, though r.ot'here, it meant a district of Lydia lying to the east, in the dire,,.ion of Mount'Tmolus. 403-409 ij/ vdv vtci;aar. "Having just now conquered.' Oh. erve that the Darticle 6h, as has already been remarked, is anDlied NOrES TO BOUOK 11I.'21l In itnt sense oi exactness to words of time (as in the pretent instance to vvv), and thus lays emphasis on the time implied. by the word. (Kiihner, ~ 720, 2, ed. Jelf.) —rovveuca 6d vdv deeipo, ic. r. A. "Hast thou, on this account, now, even now, presented thyself hither, meditating wiles?" Observe, again the force of 6d vbv ip marking exactness of time.-V7ao rap' avrov'oiaa. " Having gone unto him, sit thou down." Equivalent to 1Ot 7rap' aVr0v icai V)ao rcap' ileCV 6' awroetKE KEXE0Oov. "And withdraw from the path of the gods." We have given here the reading of Aristarchus, with Wolf and Spitzner, in place of the common lection, &eCv d' aCr6eterr K6eLe6&ovg (" and renounce the paths of the gods"), as adopted by Heyne. Consult the remarks of Spitzner, ad loc.-,-at6' ETt aoIe 7 rd6eaotv, o. r. X. "And mayest thou no longer turn back with thy feet to Olympus" Observe the employment of the optative to express a wish. 06ive. "Be miserable." — wototaera-. For 7rootaVlrat, the aorist srlbjunctive, with the shortened mood-vowel.-7- Oye do6oZv2. "Or until he, for his part, shall have made thee his slave." This repetition of the pronoun, in the latter clause of the sentence, has a particular emphasis and elegance. A freer translation will make this more apparent: "until he, such a one as he is, shall have made thee," &c. Hence it is here employed to denote contempt. 410-412. KerIe 6' yc(v ovK Etyt, K. r. X. a" For thither I am not going —and it would be a thing to make one wroth (were I to do so -to prepare his bed." The term;e~Te refers to the apartment of Paris, mentioned in verse 391. Observe, also, the future meaning of the present el/t, and consult note on book i., verse 169.-vErleaarTObv dKE aev.eV. This clause comes in parenthetically, and may be more freely rendered, "'twere enough to make one wroth."wropavviovaa. There is considerable doubt whether we must read here iropuavtovca, or iropavvwovaa.. The testimony of the. ancient grammarians is more in favor of the latter.-birlaau.'~ For the time to come."-a-lXe' Kptra. "Sorrows crowded togett er," i. e., a confused mass of troubles, requiring no addition. 414-417. cXErT'if. " Wretched woman."-1-7) XoaGa/u6Ev' as eOe[a o "' Lest, having become angry, I abandon thee." More freely, " lest, in my anger, I abandon thee." —rbc. "As much."-A5i viJv EKiray2' qi0Ar0ga. "As I just now greatly loved thee," i. e., just- before the present moment, or, up to the present time. —/Zaaq 6d' at/LorEpa(v, K. r. A. " And (lest I) devise baneful feelings of hatred against thee in the midst of both parties" Observe that ty7 ito,tuat is the aorist sub 2tS, NOTES TO BO iK lII, tunctive, with the shortened mood-vowel, for /ttriotat - J-i xe,aKtcOv ot70arov $at. " For thou wouldst then perish by all evil fate.' 4-19-427. Karaaxotdvyl. " Having enveloped he:self." — X0ev "She escaped the notice of." Compare the Latin fefellit.-r,2pe di 6daeiwv. " And the goddess led the way." —.tcvro. Observe the similarity of ending between this line and the succeeding one, forming what the grammarians call homceotelcuton. Various reasons have been assigned for its use in the present instance, the best of awhich appears to be that it is meant to indicate the movements of a.large body of persons.-aqiTroR2ot. Those mentioned in verse 143. —eri p);a. "To their tasks," i. e., their daily duties.' de d6a yvvatKC)v. "But she, noble one of women." —dipov, "'A seat."-topUEyt6j. "-The smile-loving," i; e., the goddess of smiles and loveliness. Incorrectly rendered, "laughter-loving."-.irdtlv,ivaaa. " Having averted." More literally, " having turned back." 428-435. (65 me;rec avr6O' O2aEaOac. "Would that thou hadst perished there." Literally, "how thou oughtest to have perished there."-r/ Etv (By irpiv y' exe'. "Assuredly, indeed, before this, at least, thou wast wont to boast." —ppTrepo.. Observe the nominative with the infinitive, the reference being to the same person who is the subject of the verb. —vavriov. " Against thee." c2atd a' IEyowye I2eotat. " But (no), I, for my part, bid thee." Irullntcal. One of the scholiasts speaks of a full stop being placed after KottOat, the effect of which would be to make the infinitives irogeui'-ctv and,uiXeaOat have the force of imperatives. 438-448. /1? hze iv/oiv vutL're. " Do not assail me in soul." —av'ABOvn. "With the aid of Minerva."-a-7rtc ey. " I, in my turn, (fshall overcome)." Supply vtKjao.-7rapdt ay R7Iiv. "With. us also," i. e., on our side also. —0tt67rrct rpa7reioz0ev e-V0gEvre. " Let'as, having retired to the couch, delight ourselves in the endearments of wedded love." cuKde2cvlwev. "Enwrapt. "-cre T2rLeov dpwrcSag. " Having car ried thee off, I sailed away."-Ev rpryroial KaTrrevvaaOev aexteaavU "' Lay down to sleep on the perforated couch." The reference here is to holes made in the sides of a couch, through which thongs ol leather or cords were passed, in order to support the bed. Some make the term refer to inlaid w)rk, but this is inferior. 449-453. oiTra. "Was (meantime) wandering."-Eaaap aectev. "He might espy." —deSat. "To point out."-o/r jv yap p0, [-'rT77t, K. T. X2.' For they would not, indeed, have concealed him through friendship'at all events. if any one had seen him." Observe t.hal W 3TES'i'TO BOUc I.. 281 there is here in the protasis, or first clause, an ellipsis of av. The particle &iv is omitted with the indicative, when the speaker puts out of sight for the time the conditions and circumstances stated in the protasis, on which the consequent depends, and thus represents the action of the apodosis independently of any such restrictions, as if it had actually happened; while the condition in the protasis guards sufficiently against the supposing from this form of expression that it is meant to speak of the thing as having really happened. This mode of putting the actual in the place of the conditional realization is emphatic, and gives a notion of the certainty of the consequent, if the restriction contained in the apodosis had not intervened. Compare Liv., xxxiv., 29: "Et dffiicilior facta erat oppugnatio, ni T. Quinctius supervenisset;" and Her., Od., i.,, 17, 27: " le truncus illapsus cerebro sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum de..tr2 levasset." (Kiihner, ~ 858, i., p. 476, ed. Jelf.) 457-461. oaiver''Api'i2Lov MEve6iWov. " Shows itself to belong to Menelaus, dear to Mars." Supply edvai.-cilrorLEitev. The infinitive for the imperative. Consult note on book i., verse 20.-' re Kat IEGaoevoLoa, rc. T. 7.. Compare verse 287.-Eri 6' $,veov. "Gave, then, plaudits thereunto." Observe the adverbial force of r~i, and the continued action indicated by the impe:fect, "gave long'.ao tinued plaudits, throughout the whole host,' AA 2 ]NOTES ON THE FOURTH BOOK. AR G U MENT. THE BRE 161 OF THE TRUCE, AND THE FIRST BATTLE. TIlE gods, while quaffing nectar in the palace of Jove, convelts about the Trojan war, and agree upon its continuance. Jupiter,, accordingly, sends down Minerva to bring about' a violation of the truce. That goddess thereupon persuades Pandarus to aim an arrow at Menelaus w:t o is wounded, but cured by Machaon. Meanwhile, some of the Trojan troops attack the Greeks. Agamemnon, upcn this, exhibits all the qualities of a good general: he reviews the forces, and arouses the leaders, some by praises, and others by reproof. Nestor also distinguishes himself by his knowledge of mil itary discipline. The two armies join battle, and great numbers are slain on both sides. The same day continues through this as through the last bock (as it does, also, through the two following, and almost to the en I -f the seventh book). The scene is wholly in the plain of Troy. 1-4. 01 6e &eoi. " Now they, the gods." Observe here the pro nominal or Homeric use of ol, the later article. The particle 6d. ulaced in this way at the beginning of a particular narration, always denotes a change from something that precedes.-?yop6nvr7o. "VWere holding converse among themselves."' Observe the force of the middle here in denoting reciprocal action. (Kiihner, ~ 364, 1, qd. Jelf.) We must not, as some commentators do, refer this term to the gods as sitting in council, but merely as conversing with one another at the close of a banquet. —Xpvawc Ev da7cdl. "On the golden pavement," i. e., on couches placed upon the golden pavement or floor of the palace of love. In book i., 426, the mansion of Jupiter is termed XaKo6arlc &5d, but there the idea of firmness and solidity is meant to be expressed. Here, however, the refer. ence is to richness and beauty, and accordingly Xpvae~ is employed. rorvLa "H)7. H "The revered Hebe." There is something suspicious here in the common reading'H6y, because 7rorvta is a very inaDpropriate epith t for the Goddess of Youth; because, moreover NOTES TC BOOK IV. 283 cebe nowhere else in Homer appears as ministering to the gods at their banquets, but is represented in one part of the Iliad (v., 722) as attending upon Juno; and in another (v., 905) as bathing and attiring Mars, after his wound has been cured; and, finally, because the verse is metrically incorrect, the digammated form Fats7, though given by Knight, being condemned by Heyne. This latter scholar, therefore, conjectures that'HpV is the true reading, and that the third and fourth verses are the interpolations of some rhapsodist, who disliked the endings'HpV and'Hp1v in two successive lines. vIcKrap Ev)YOXOr. "Was pouring out nectar." More literally, "was pouring out nectar for wine."-Xpvaiotr. To be pronounced as a dissyl~able. —edExcrar'. "Kept pledging.'' Pluperfect in the sense of the imperfect. 5-6. adtrica. "On a sudden," t. e., without waiting for any par. ticular opportunity. —l7retparo. Observe the force of the middle. love endeavoured to do this for the furtherance of his own secret views. The imperfect, too, denotes a somewhat prolonged attempt. -Trapa6?Ll/dv ayope7vl. "Speaking with sidelong look,"' i. e., -skance, in secret mockery, as opposed to fair and open attack. rhis is Passow's explanation, and appears the most satisfactory. llhe ancients themselves were divided in opinion as to the moaning if rapa62~dnv. Apollonius, in his Homeric Lexicon, explains it by,,raTarnrtKirC, "deceitfully;" and Porphyry (Quest., 16) by.rapa6oXccr, 1" in the way of comparison," i. e., comparing the conduct of Venus with that of Juno and Minerva. This last mode of explain. ing the term is adopted by Madame Dacier and Voss. 7-8. dprny66ve. "Helpers." Spoken ironically. Jove proceeds to show that they are no helpers at all, in comparison with Venus. -'Apyerlp. Juno is here called the "Argive," from her being the national deity of the Argive race.-'ARacZoreX v'. "The Alalco. mnerlan." According to Aristarchus, this epithet is derived from %he Beotian town Alalcomena:, where Minerva was particularly worshipped. This town was near the Lake Copais, and to the southeast of Cheronea. Others deduce the term from dX6iZuc0, i" to ward off," and make it signify "the guardian goddess;" but the explana.tion first given is-preferable, since it preserves the analogy with'JpR 7''Apyeil7. 9-11. dan2' lrot rai.'. And yet these, forsooth.' Observe that frot is here ironical, like (tpy6veC in verse seventh. —v6ao. "Apart from him," i. e., from Menelaus.-elCop6oaa L TripEcOov. "Amuse themselves with looking on," i. e., merely look down upon the corn bat between Menelaus and Paris. without lending any aid tc the NOTES TO BOOK 1v. formei-r-T( -5' aire. "While for this (warrior), on the othei.and, i. e., for Paris. We have here the apodosis to dolati CpI Miece Ldg.aiei wrapi [(daGoKC. " Ever comes by his side," i. e., comes and takes her station by his side. Observe the force of irapd in composition. 12-16..e'acicoaev. "She has brought' him off safe." —g&avlEaOet. " hat he was going to die."-02d' siT-o vi~y Etv. 1" Still, (notwithstanding this,) the victory, in truth, belongs," &c., i. e., notwith, standing the unfavourable circumstances under which he laboured, in having to contend, unaided, against a goddess as well as a mortal. —0paS6zeeO'. Observe that opCSw in the middle has the meaning of "to deliberate."-ireoS Ecrac rd(ide 7 pya. "How these doings shall turn out," i. e., what issue they shall have, and how we are to aid in bringing about that issue. 5 j'. " Whether, namely." Observe that /d is here explanatory. — O:hortv. "Din of battle." —paoouev. "We shall arouse."-P6-?ALev. "Shall introduce." Literally, "shall throw." The verb:36Ci2co is generally employed in speaking of material objects: here pica6Ori is figuratively regarded as such. 17-19. #L d' ad tiro T66dE ygvoaro. "And if, moreover, this (latter course) shall perchance prove." The common text has el d' aireo. for which Wolf, in his latest edition, gives el 6' aut 7r6o) fi'om Aris. tarchus, and which we have here adopted, with Spitzner. It is decidedly to be preferred, as showing a lurking wish on tile part of Jove that such a result as the one mentioned may take place. The common reading is objectionable, on account of the cumbrous accu. mulation of a/VrCog (i. e., oVa5coS) TO66e. Buttmann, however, defends it, and seeks to get rid of the accumulation alluded to, by referring avrcof (which he makes equivalent to uoicog) to rcart, and translates as follows: " If now this be pleasing and agreeable to all of you in the same way:as it is to me,) then may," &c. (Lexil., p. 175, ed Fishlake). But, as Spitzner remarks, the collocation of the 7words in the line is hostile to this interpretation. I-ro0 1/EV OKoOLtTO. " May be inhabited indeed," i. e., may continue to be inhabited, and not fall beneath the foe. The optative here denotes not a wish, as some maintain, but a mere supposition, without any notion of the realization thereof; and Jove pv.rposely employs this undecided language, that he may the better conceal his own resolve, already made up by him. The same remark ap piles to (iyocro in the succeeding line.-avrr-c. "Back," i. e., to Greece. 20-24. kru/sazv. 1a' Groaned thereat xwith compressed lips." This i intended to mark indignation on their part The vell ir~citi-W reU tUS r10 BOOXc 1v. V28. uroperly means' to make the sound etv, /ui," "to murmir with closed ips." — f/edEaqlv. "Were devising." -- dc'&v, "Silent." —peE. " Was taking possession of her." —'Hp 6''ohv xxa6r, K. T. A. "Her breast, however, did not contain its wrath for Juno," i. e., the Lreast of Juno could not contain, or keep in, its wrath. We have given'Hpo in the dative, with Spitzner, who follows Eustathius and the Venice MS. The common text has'Hp~ in the nominative, and ar<#or then becomes a very awkward accusative of nearer definition. 26-29. iiXtov j6''TrEeTarov. "Fruitless and incomplete." —dpo. The common text has idp5Ta, but this latter form is post-Homeric, notwithstanding the authority of Passow, and first appears in He. siod (Op., 289). —v Zd6pua ji6yi. "Which I sweated through toil.' Observe here the construction of idpocaa, through the medium of the relative, with the accusative of its cognate noun.-cKa/tru7v.:'Laboured," i. e., were fatigued. —caKi. "Source of many an avil." The term alcau is here put in apposition with;a6v, and the Dvilal is employed to indicate the many evils which the Grecian forces are destined to inflict upon the Trojans. — pY. "Do it," i. e., execute thy intended purpose.-A-rp o -rot 7rcivref, K. T. X. i" Nevertheless, we, all the rest of the gods, will certainly not applaud." Observe that eratvEouqev is here the epic form of the future, for EiraevEaolev, and is construed-absolutely, without an accusative of the object. 31-38. ri vd. "In what way now." —ae /gi'ovatv. "Do unto thee." —or' tdarrepxig feveazietf. " That thou longest unceasingly." Wolf and Passow both regard OT' as contracted here from 6rl. Thiersch, however ({ 321, 2), makes it an original form of oiEc, without any. elision.' As. regards the force of aa7repxEs here, we have followed the authority of Apollonius (Lex. Hornm., s. v.), who explains it by avvex6C, die Ltctrrov. Its proper moaning is "hotly," &c., but, this idea is already implied in,teveafvetl. — 7rcXea zaKp(p i The lofty walls.".',hv Pe pt0Gotg. " Couldst eat raw," i. e., couldst devour alive. Imitated by Xenophon, Anab., iv., 8, 14, oirovfr,'v roV w dvvS/te6a, cei djuovS deZ caraqpayetv,- and also-in Hellen., iii., 3, 6; —-TrOre:-ev X6oa Saicicahto. - "Thou mightest then, perchance, appease thine anger." the meaning of the whole sentence will become plainer by an arrangement more in consonance'with our own idiom, namely,." I do not think that thou wilt appease, or satiate, thine anger until thou shalt have devoured alive'Priam," &c. —vdEGoS. g "Altercation."'ugy' pea.ur "A great source of contention." Observe that -Eio1 286 NOTES TO BOOK (V. is a piresent altercation, Epipua a more lasting strife. (W.j), ad tot vol. ii., p. 233, ed. Ust.) 40-43. 0wr6TrSe ce. The same as 6rroiav, "whenever." —7w4c4 r&v. For radrv7v 7rO62tv. " That city."-ot 7'ot oi;o0t di,'tpe, K. r. A' Where men dear to thee have been born." The reference is not to any particular city, Mycenae for example, but to any place it general, as dear to Juno as Troy is to Jupiter.-,-u rt 6atrpti6Etv, K. r.;A. "Do not at all retard my anger, but let me alone." Observe that dtarpi6etv is here employed absolutely for the imperative (Compare book i., 323.)-iacat. The infinitive again for the impera tive, and the verb used absolutely without another verb governed by it in the infinitive. cai yap EyO aooi cKa, K. T. AL. " For I also have granted this unto thee of my own free. will, with soul, indeed, against it," i. e., have granted thee the power of destroying any city where men dear to me are born. Some of the scholiasts, and along with them Eusta thius, strive hard to remove what they consider a contradiction in the words EKSv UaKovr iovapl. There is, however, no contradiction at all in them. We do many things of our own free will, and without compulsion, which we nevertheless do very reluctantly. The grammarian Tryphon, misunderstanding the passage, made a laugh. able correction here, namely, 6IKc' AEKcv. 44-49. a yuip 0r6:jer.... rS-ov, K. r. 2. " For whatever cities of these," &c. Observe here the peculiar construction of the jelative. The common arrangement wouId be, rwiv yap 7roYo07v at, K. r. A, " for of those cities which," &c. The present collocation, however, places the substantive, which logically should be joined to the demonstrative, in the same clause and case with the relative This is done in order to bring forward the demonstrative clause more forcibly.-vateriovat. "Are situated." Compare book ii., 626. /o0 7rept Kpt TLE'UKEro. "Was especially esteemed by nme in heart." We have given t.-:pi. here the force of an adverb, with Heyne, Wolf, Nitzsch (ad Od., v. 36), and others, and have regarded it as equivalent to Irep6trUSC. The accent, accordingly, is placed on the penult. Spitzner, on the contrary, takes crept for a preposition followed by its case, and gives it the accentuation on the final syl. lable. This, however, wants force. —"I2tos Ipi. This now occurs for the first time. Heyne regards lpay as equivalent here, in effect to praclara. Not so. The epithet in question is meant to indicate a city conspicuous for the worship which it renders to the gods. Wh)zehto "Good at the ashen-handled spear.' The c1le of tlh NOTES TC BOOK I-V. 2M8 ancient spear was often the stem of a young ash, stripped of its bark and polished. Hence iR/zueA-iX becomes an Homeric epithet for warriors; and hence, too, iretia, "the ash-tree," also signifies c" a spear."-d-atrr Rturq. "The equal feast." (Compare-note on book i., 468.) According to Ernesti, this verse clearly proves that the words daLtof eoant mean only a rich or good repast. Not so, Lowever, by any means. The expression davrbg Etac is here employed to denote a sacrificial'feast, at which especially the portions were equally shared, or, in other words, a simple sacrifice.-;ot6of. " The libation."-r5 yap 2LdXOtleV, K. r. A2. "For this honour we had allotted to us," i. e.. for this is the honour that mortals owe to the gods. 51-56. -peeif r6T02tlef. The meaning is, that, in the three cities mentioned by Juno, her worship was especially held in honour, like that of Jove in Troy.-Mvicv7j. 1"Mycenae." Homer uses both MVKJwiv7 and Mvicrvat, but mostly the latter, which prevails in Attic. -Tags dta7wrepo. "'Destroy these." The infinitive again.in the sense of the imperative.-Tr~pl.."Above all others." The adverb (and accented accordingly), not the preposition. (Compare note on verse 46.) po5a0' ZoTalga. " Place myself in front," i. e., attempt to defend them. Wolf compares the German vortreten. -ovu/ jeyacipa. "Noi do I grudge (this unto thee)," i. e., nor will I hinder thee if thou shouldst seek to destroy. The full construction would be, od' acot roelro (i. e., -O 6ta7rpaat) feyacpe. This is far preferable to construing,eyaiep with the genitive rcuwv, as some do. —Ooved. Same signification as teyaepco. —odvc avv'ow ovfovv'. "I gain nothing by grudging." More literally, "I effect nothing," &c. Erei 7 iro2XV 01rpTEpfg ieat. The scholiast in the Venice editorn says that verses 55 and 56-were regarded as interpolations, because they render null the concession which Juno makes in favour of Jupiter: she has nothing to promise, because she has no power to do any thing. But though Jupiter was considered to be the most powerful of the gods, and though his will in the end accomplished ail things, yet the inferior deities did not the less on that account act frequently in oppositicn to him, and endeavour to contravene his projects. The whole Iliad is founded on this principle of mythology. If, therefore, on the present occasion, Juno seems to avow the esjpreme power of Jove, we must only regard this conccssizon as an artifice employed by her to render him favourable to her (1do signs. 57-61. d;;ata "P.'.And yet it becomes (thee).'" —6r7.t',v1o 288t NOTES TO O{)K IV. 4 Unavaliing." —Kai yatp y47 &E6c elite. " For I also anm a goddess," t. e., am a divine one like thyself. Observe the employment here of e6gS for eai. —yvo: d'i Ot, te. -r. 2. "And there~ is descent for me from the same quarter whence there is for thee," i. e., we are both sprung from the same parents. Literally, "thence whence it is for thee." Jupiter and Juno were the children of Saturn and Rhea. —Kai /e. " And me also," i. e., not only thee, but me also. — rpEa6v7-aTrlv. "iEntitled to very great respect." Equivalent to rtleOrdtrw-v, and not to be taken in its ordinary sense of " eldest," since the eldest daughter of Saturn and Rhea was Vesta, not Tuno (Apollod. i., 1-5.) t'C0o6repov. Compare note on book iii., 179.-yeven, re "As,yell on account of my birth."- KisK/mcUa. "I am styled," i. e, I am. The passive of Kca;eca has frequently, with the poets, the significa. tion "to be," because one is named according to what one is or seems to be. —ov de wiaCt, Ke. r. X. "And thou reignest," &c. These words belong to what precedes. Juno means that she is deserving of honour because she is the spouse of Jove,; and because Jove is monarch of the skies. We have removed, therefore, the colon of the common text, and have placed a comma after KefcZI7/yzat. 62-67. rai0' viroe[.o/Zev. " Let us give up in these matters," i. e: let us make concessions in these things. —Eir Epovrat. " Will thereupon follow."-6-iaaov. To be construed with ET-rTtei2at, not with EXZOezv, as some maintain. —iOebv.' This infinitive and 7retpa: Immediately after, depend on 6rwret2cat, and are not infinitives for imperatives, as Apollonius (de Synt., ii., p. 38) supposes: ErLTE7taa alone is the infinitive for the imperative.-p-6~orrtv. "War-din." The term here refers, not to any actual collision, for no conflict had as yet taken place, but merely to the tumult prevailing more or less on either side, in consequence of the excited feelings of the two hosts. WC ice Tpdec, K. r. X. " In- wh.t way, p-rchance, the Trojans may, the sooner of the two, make bg.inning of injuring," &c. Observe that Ad is here equivalent to.; -7ro'oOvrTef, 1" by doing what." (Consult Niigelsbach, ad II., i., 32.) —r;o6repol. This is a remnant of the earlier mode of expression, and is appended to iipSoa as a mere emnphatic adjunct. — pfswc. Observe that this aorist, as well as 7Yralaaa Oat, refers to some momentary act, and has no relation to continuance.-v-r`p bp.'a. " Contrary to the pledges." The strict reference in sr6ep is to something beyond, or more than. 70-71. acita?dZ'. " Very quickly."-h- arpar6v. " Into the midst %f the host," i. e. the united host. —7retov 0'. "And try." The NOTES -ro BOCo IV. 2889 infi.itive for the imperative. The remarkl of Apollonius, referred to above (note on verse 65), would here have been correct enough 73-81. wr(pog yEzaviav. " Previously desiring it," i. e., already 2ager so to do.-olov d' ar tp' ilre, K. r. A. 1" And just such a me teor as the son of crafty Saturn is wont to send," &c. The corre.. muonding clause is Tr eiKvZ', " like' to this." The more natural ai en,-mgement would have been etKcva r, C5dargpt, olov eldge Kp6vov 7rasi, a. T. A. By the present collocation, however, the demonstrative clause is brought in with more emphasis. The Goddess Minerva, descending rapidly to earth in a refulgent cloud, appears to the assembled armies like a meteor falling from the skies and they immediately regard it as an omen of something about to happen either for good or for evil. —-yrce. We have given this epic form of fce, with Bentley and Heyne. The common reading, daaTfpa Kc/e, leaves a hiatus in the verse. Observe, moreover, the force of the aorist in denoting what is wont to happen. ToO d6 re To2.xoi, Ic. r.. ". And from this many scintillations ale sent forth." Observe the adverbial force of Pro6.-arcvOipes. The long train and coruscations of light, accompanying the meteor, are here compared to so many sparks of fire from an ignited mass.r, eCtivi'. Equivalent to Tro?.) r (LGarpt EitVLa.-Kcd 6' E0op'. "And clown she leaped."-4c6eor d6' Xev, Kc. r. A2. Repeated from book iii., 342.-.-dr6 de Trf eZTEaKeV, K. T. X. Repeated from book ii., 271. 82-84. p5'. " Either then."-T-ri0ae. "tEstablishes," i. e., indicates by tlhis omen his intention to establish.-Ofre avOppirwov a[Ui?7c,'K. r. 2. ". He who has been appointed the dispenser of war among men," i. e., who is the arbiter of war and peace, and on whose will they both depend. The particle re is added to relatives in dependent clauses, to denote more forcibly the relation between the principal and dependent clauses. Hence 6bre is " he who;" literally; " and he." 85-92. Ad aIpa. "Thus, namely," i. e., thbv, I say. —avdpr lcE).. Ilke a man." - Karedae0'. " Entered." —Aaod6oK'Avryvopid-. "(Like) Laodocus, son of Antenor."-Ei,roy i6etpot. " If any wher.t she might find him."-Avicdoveo vdhiv. "The son of Lycaion," 5. c., Pandarus. —a/U~ 6ed lyv lcparepaC, K. r. 7S. "And around him were the strong ranks of shield-bearing tribes." —Oi' o E 7rovi-o, -c. r. 2 Who had followed him from the streams of the iEsepu~." Pandarus, according to Homer, led the allies of Zelea from the banks of the csepus in Mysia, and was famed for his skill in the use,f the bow. He is also spoken of as coming fiom Lycia; but the E scia hvr- meant is gernerally supposed to htave been only a part BtE 290 NOTES'to o03K IZ. of Troas, forming the territory around Zelea, an I inL ibited by,y cian colonists. (Eustath., ad. II., ii., 284.-Heyne, ad loc.) Th4 Tpjec whom Pandarus leads, according to Homer, may have some affinity to the Tries of Lycia, mentioned by Mr. Fellows, though we can hardly adopt the opinion advanced by this writer, that it is an elror to speak of any Lycia in Troas, and that the forces of Pandarus actually came from Lycia proper. — (Fellows's Lycia, 1840, p. 467.) 93-99.:1 id z' oi, ic. r. X. W. "Wouldst thou now, then, be at all persuaded by me, warlike son of Lycaon 1 Thou wouldst venture, in that event, to drive forward," &c., i. e., if thou wouldst be persuaded by me, thou wouldst venture, &c. In direct questions the optative is but rarely found. In Homer it occurs, as in the present instance, when the question is used as if it were the antecedent to some sentence, depending on a condition expressed by the question. (Kiihner, O 418, e, p. 74, ed. Jelf.)-7rtai TpdEact. "Among all the Trojans." The dative here employed to denote "among" is, in fact, a branch of the local dative. (Kiihner, ~ 605, 2, p. 2'31, ed. Jelf.)-ic 7rdvrWv dE'1aci2Lara, E. r. T. " But most of all with the royal Alexander." The scholiast is wrong in making El 7rTvrtYv equivalent here to -rapa rrcivrov. It stands, on the contrary, In close connexion with iadtLara. The very harsh hiatus between jtaditara and'Ae&svd6pp) Bentley proposes to remedy by inserting'. The hiatus, however, is allowable in the feminine cesura of the third foot, since by this the verse is divided into two halves, and;hus a closer combination of the words, which apostrophe would produce, is hindered.-(Thiersch, ~ 151, 3.),DV oiJd.rrpCTa 7rdp'. For -,raph rodTroV 7ruv:)v irp(JroV. We have adopted the anastrophe in irdp', with Spitzner. Others regard it as an adverb, and write, accordingly, srap'. —at icev 6.n. 1"If, perchance, he may see." Observe the reference in al to a latent wish on the part of Menelaus that he may see this. (Compare note on book i., 66.) —Ert6dvr'. " Having ascended," i. e., having his corpse placed upon. 100-102. bitarevaov MeveXdov. Verbs of aiming at a mnark whether real or imaginary, take the genitive case; as the apprehen sion of the object to be aimed at is necessarily antecedent to the notion of. aiming at it, aiming implies an antecedent conception of the maYk.-Av/cpyevi. " The Lycian-born." Pandarus is here di rected to pray to Apollo, since the latter was a national deity of Lycia.* We have given AvwcrevyEv here the interpretation usuall] assigned to it, and have referred it to the land of Lycia.'Ic en NOTES 1'r B'(:1K I. 291 tthet, howe reo, appears to allude to Apollo as the God of Light, and the Airst part of the compound to be derived from the old form, ATKH (artKrl), "light," to which we may also trace the Latin lux. (Compare Macrob., Sat., i., 17.) —tKa7r6J1v. The "hecatomb" is here used generally for a splendid sacrifice.-ZeXceic. Comipare note on verse 91. 104-106. r, de OpEva~e dpovt rreOev. "And she influenced his mind for him, the unthinking man." Observe the pronominal force of TH. —i&a;a. "He began to take (from its case)." The ICxCpvrt o' or bow-case, was worn suspended by a belt over the right shoulder, and it frequently, though not in the present instance, held the arrows as well as the bow. The following is a representation of one from a bas-relief in the Museo Pio-Clementino, which adorned the front of a Temple of Hercules, near Tibur. The case seems to have been of leather. 4kiXov alyo cdypiov. "(Made) from a bounding wild goat." The genitive here is the one denoting origin or cause. (Kilhner, ~ 484, p. 124, ed. Jelf.) —ir~ aropvoto rvx'a'. " Having hit it under the breast," i. e., in the lower part of the breast. Pandarus had sta tioned himself at the foot of the rock from which the goat was descending, and had, of course, directed his arrow upward; hence the wound is described as viro crEpvoto. Observe, moreover, that these words, r> aTrpvoto o rvXT'VO f, are meant as a more particular 292 N OTES TO BOOK IV. designation,f wha!t is afterward described in general terms by thl phrase f3e62,ic,:t crpb3c c/0/.. 107-108. rarpETI),C -6avovra, K.. a. "Having received it as it descended from' a rock, in a place fit for lying in wait." The term edsE'u(vog is here employed in the sense of receiving one as he advances towards us, just as the Latins say excipere hostem.-eK6airovra. Literally, " stepping off from," i. e., leaving, or descending from.-7rppodosKo tv. Compare the explanation of the scholiast, "rotig rpod62fjara EXovctv," places having projecting coverings, beneath which one may lie concealed and await the approach of Another.-PEfi6AcKEt -poa acirO0C. " Had wounded on the breast." 109-111. TOo Kspa K KiceoaXg, i. r A. "Its horns had grown from the head sixteen palms in length." The hiatus is obviated in dipa, by this form being, in fact, for sxpaa, which is itself contracted from Kipara.- etuc6atLSe&opa. Heyne makes this equal to nearly three feet; other commentators to two feet and a half or thereabout. Both statements are erroneous. The true amount is four Greek feet, the &Spov being equal to four daKrvUOI, or finger-breadths, and sixteen of these 6caiKrvXO making a foot. (Wurm, Q 52, p. 90.'uessey, p. 234-.) As to the length itself, it has been made a mat er of dispute whether the poet means the united length of the two norns, or that of each separately. The latter certainly seems the more natural conclusion. But then another difficulty is started. Since the bow of Pandarus was formed of the two horns put together, it would have been, as some think, altogether too large and unwieldy, especially for the purpose to which it is applied in the text, since a bow, handled in the manner there described, could not well be longer than four, or, at most, five feet. To this there are two answers: first, when the poet makes each horn of the an imal four feet, we may suppose that the curvature of the horn at the extremity would make up no inconsiderable part of this; and, secondly, the horns themselves, while getting formed into a bow, would undergo some degree of diminution by being cut down. Kaw ria tev, adcaca, K. r.. 2" And these a horn-polishing artist, having'exercised his skill, fitted together." The two horns were fitted together at the base, and the two extremities of the horns formed the ends of the' bow. —rEr1cov. This term is often employed in the general sense of a craftsman, or workman; rarely, however, of a worker in metal, it being usually opposed to Xa.ikesr, or ~.6dDevc5, a smith.:tpvE17v errOKe KOp vo v. "Put on a golden tip." The cuvpov4 was a hook or ring at oxne end of the bow, to which 1'e string, at N.3TES TO [BOOK lV I"J3 ether times hanging loose from the other'etrd, was hooked or as;ached when the bow was bent for use. (Terpstra, Ant. Hornm., p 90.3) Some, however, take it for a metalring, which fastened, ik -he present case, the two horns together at their bases. 112-115. cKa Tr6 aJiv Er KaTrOrlre, /c. r. 2?. "And this (bow), after having bent it. he (Pandarus) set down carefully, having inclined it igaiinst the ground," z. e., one end of the bow rested on the ground, and the other was inclined towards the ground, the hand of the archer holding it by the middle, while the other hand was occupied with removing the arrow from the quiver. The bow was therefore held in an oblique position, making a diagonal line across tho body of the archer as he knelt on the ground.-UvaieLtav. "Might start up." The Greeks, it will be remembered, were sitting on the ground, as the Trojans also were, and the fear was, lest, if the former saw one of the enemy preparing to discharge an arrow, they mightspring up from their sitting posture and endeavour to prevent him.; —fPiPaoOat. "Was struck." 116-121. o623a irSua baepf-p?7. "Took off the cover of his quiver." The ircIta was the lid, or cover,-of the quiver. The quiver itself was suspended from the right shoulder by a belt, passing cver the breast and behind the back. Its most common position was on the left hip. It is so represented in the following wood-cut of the Amazon Dinoinaehe, copied from a Greek vase. .94. NOTES TO 4OOK IV.',v &6Ara. "An unshot arrow," i. e., not before used. —.-yeAi vtev -ptz' 5bvvUSev. "The cause of grievous pangs." Literally, of black pangs." The primitive meaning of gpya is a " prop" or'support" to steady a thing. Here, however, there is an obscure metaphor: the arrow is called the "-support" or "fourxlation" ot pangs, i. e., the "cause" or "author" of them. The whole verse was rejected by Aristarchus, but it seems to have suggested the phrase 7rovov Epe1iqara (though in a contrary signification, "supports, comforts in wo"), occurring in a fragment of AEschylus (371).-We have given 2zeXatviev (to be pronounced as a trisyllable), with Wolf and Spitzner. Heyne has jeXarvSv. cri vevp ta KaEKoTuEtL rtxKpv b'ar6v. "He adjusted the piercing arrow on the bow-string." Buttmann (Lexil., s. v. 7erevsvfc) has clearly shown, that rrlKp6t strictly means "piercing, pointed, sharp, keen;" and that hence comes the signification of " pungent to the sense of taste,"' bitter." (Consult Glossary, b'ok i., line 51.) 122-123. i92cK d' 61oo, K. r. A. "Then, having taken hold, at the same time, of both the notch and the ox-hide thong, he drew (them)," i. e., having taken hold of the lower part of the arrow where the notch was cut, and of the bow-string as it passed through the notch, he drew them towards him. Observe that good writers always use y72vqi6eg in the plural, though we have to express it by the singular number.-vevp2)v ttev,uia( vrir2aaev, ic. r. S. "He brought the string near to his breast, and the iron head to the bow.'" The hand which held the string was brought near to his breast by the operation of drawing it; while the iron head of the arrow touched the bow where his left hand was grasping it in th.e centre. Virgil's imitation of this passage serves to throw a clear light upon ts meaning. (.En., xi., 860, seqq.) " Et duxit longe, donec curvata coirent Ihter se capita, et manibus jam tangeret equls, Larva aciemferri, dcxtrd nervoque papillam." 124-126. 1tacvorepif. 1"(So as to. be) completely round." He bent the bow in';o a semicircle, laying out all his strength upon it. Compare.Eustathius, 5ate6oi7rat'TO r0'ov ehl 1cvK2orEpetav, and also:he scholiast, avrTi roe, teivar ICVK207orepc ircoiae.-2-yie. "Twang ed." —ley' t'Xev. " Rang loudly." This line has been much ad.. mired for its two specimens of onomatopoeia, or the correspond. ence of sound and sense. —l2,ro. "1 Bounded off." —KaO' autto tirEirrOata. "To wing its way amid the throng." 127-131. Od3 crMOev, MevkRae, K. r. X. Observe the air of anima NOTES TO OU K IV. 29; lion which the apostroplhe imparts to the sentence. This is, a-, Eustathius remarks, the first instance of the apostropl e in the Iliad Another remarkable one occurs in the case of Patroclus (II., xvi. 787'- In the Odyssey: we have only one example, namely, in the verse that is so often repeated, Tro 6' d' raaet66gevoc 7'poEfrc, Eb uate av6&ra. (Od.,'xvii., 272, &c.) —At1f &vydrryp Jyre2erb. "The plundering, goddess, the daughter of Jove." The allusion is to Minerva, and the epithet ayerteLi is applied to her, in the spirit of the heroic times, as a warlike goddess, bearing off plunder from the foe. Compare the scholiast,'A0Ivd,' iayovaa Xeciav &ard ri-Ov iro7uerizv,. Observe that in this line we must suppose od AXeRdOero, or something equivalent,: to be understood, though not required in the translation. —7irpdctOe. The common text has the final v, which Wolf and others remove. It makes an awkward jingle with the end of the line. —iXerewvtck. Consult note on book i., line 51, and also Glossary. r6aov, "f. "Just as much as," z. e., with as much care as. -- ziro Xpoo'S. "From his flesh." This employment of Xpoh6, in the sense of " flesh," i-s said to have been peculiar to the Ionic writers. (Consult Foes. Hippocr. (Ec.) —7ratd06f epp -,yvLav. The beauty of the comparison lies in the idea of the gentle motion of the mother's hand. Thus Minerva, with a gentle waving of the hand, wards off the arrow so far as to prevent its doing any serious harm.ipyy. We have given the subjunctive here, with Thiersch and Spitzner, on good MS. authority. Hermann, indeed, appears ta think the indicative preferable (Opusc., vol. ii., p. 44); but the sub junctive, as Spitzner remarks, is more in accordance with Homeric usage.-dO' gd' tS2erat lrvar. "When it shall have laid itself down in sweet sleep," i. e., shall be buried in deep sleep. Observe the force of the middle in 2ulerat, which is neither the future for the present, as Heyne explains it, nor the future for the aorist, as Wolf asserts, but the aorist subjunctive, with the shortened mood vowel, for?9r7aot. 132-133. avr'7 6' agr' iOvvev, [e. r. 2. " And with her own hand, moreover, did she guide it, to where the golden clasps of the girdle held it together and the doubled corselet met (the blow)." Observe here the force of aiV.T, as denoting'the active care ~f Minerva Still, however, she cannot entirely ward off the shaft of Pandarus, since she had, in accordance with the command of Jove, herself incited the Lycian warrior to the deed; she does, however, what she can, and prevents the wound from being a mortal one. —-O0. The full construction w-ould be, raofa 50Gt; literally, " to that quar. ter, where.'. '~96J NOTES TO BOOK. IV' woTpa pd. Thi Homeric corselet, or lipp7S, consisted of a bt-as: and back piece, the sides of which lapped over one another, and were secured by clasps. The'corselet reached only about as far as the navel. To the lower part of it was attached a short kind of kilt, or petticoat, extending about' half way to the knees. This kilt was called;5/zca, but as it was not a sufficient protection for that part of the body which it covered, this defect was remedied by the utirpa. The putrpa was a brazen belt, lined, probably, orn the inside with. leather and stuffed with wool, and which was worn next to the body,'so as to cover the lower part of the abdomen. Finally, over the PSya, where it joined-the corselet, there was a belt, or girdle, called Swaorrp, which was fastened around the body with clasps, these clasps being at the side, where the two plates of the corselet overlapped. Eustathius incorrectly makes the warT-p and -zua the sa:ne. &d;rA6oft (dpyV. The wound inflicted on Menelaus was in thu tlank, or, as the scholiast expresses it, the part KaO, al (.?lj2ot. inert-,epo6teva 7' rT-epvyzta Trovu 6paKcor EA0iyyero v7r0 TroU ('- rpogf, i. e., whiere the sides of the breast and back piece,rvetdapped and where the belt, or girdle, passed over them. This w;tl;erve to explain the phrase "'doubled corselet," the reference beit.r, to tile one, plate doubling over the other. 134-140. uriptpr zp7lp06rt. "The well-fitteb girdle," i. c., well fitted to the body. Supply Chjart for a literal X.anslation. —&da uIs ap Coar77poc, r. c. X. The arrow has first to pass through the girdle, or, rather, its clasps, then through the doubled.:pate of the corselet, and finally through the r/i-pa: the force of the blow is so much deadened, therefore, by these impediments, that the shaft merely grazes the skin. —ica dl(t O66prKog, Ic. r.. Repeated from book iii., 358.ui-rpyg 0'.' "And through the brazen-plated belt." The annexed wood-cut shows the outside and inside of the brazen plate of a -irpa, one foot long, which was found in the island of Eubeea, and is now preserved in the royal library at Paris. We observe at one end two holes'for fastening the strap, which went behind the body, and at the other end a hook, fitted probably to a ring, which was attached to the strap. cpcor t6 aVTw. " As a defence against darts." Consult note on book i. 284.-_pvro. "Protected (his person)."-dlarrp di Eia7ro cal r... "But onward through this also it went." Observe the force of the component parts of clacrpo, the idea intended to be ex pressed being that of onward motion through an intervening obsta' ele. —,'cnOrarov d' E7rer'yp:pe xpoa. "Grazed the outermost skin NOTES TO OUtR IV. 29J. 0 "oc0g o0 o o a. e., the extreme surface of the body. Observe that creypal/e ii here employed in its primitive sense of marking the surface of any thing.-alja Kteatveoqr. "'The dark-coloured blood." Observe that KeXartveegS is here employed in a general sense. For its more spedial signification, consult'Glossary on book i., 397. 141-145. AC 6' 5re r1'C -' k"~0avTa, i. r. A. " And as when some Maeonian or Carian female shall have stained ivory with purple, to be a cheek-ornament for horses." It is singular that the poems ot Homer do not contain any mention of painting as an imitative art. The only kind of painting which the poet notices, besides the present instance, is the "red-cheeked," and "purple-cheeked ships" (ve' eutf ro6rdp'ot, veaC potvtico7rap',ovC). - Eav ajlei. "In the store-room." By 4i9aayuoc is here meant the apartment in which clothes, arms,:valuables, &c., were kept, usually under the care ol the raclynl. Thus, one of the scholiasts says, 60ialtoC,' a7roO6/cql.- - iro?2fE ri piv ]pi2acavro qbopeiZv. "And many charioteers wish to bear it as their own," i. e., to possess and display it. The verb iprio/tuat properly refers to the offering up of vows, in order that certain result may be brought about, or that a certain thing may become our own, &c. Observe, moreover, the reference in the aorist to what is customary, or what one is wont to do. —ya2pya. "A treasure." Compare the remark of Heyne, "a ya;/pa, non mcde.i a tis, nam sequitur lcd&oc, sed delicias dixit, rem, qua quis exultat. eza tilreia-;,: 2u:perbit." The reference, then, is to something which one prizes high ly and of which he is proud. 146-154. voZot. "In such a way." -ei6v6e,. "Well-shaped.;'vett r':. ".And legs." ~r 6k HIev vevp6v'te, 7I. r. 2,. "Whete nowever, he saw both the string and the barbed points (of the ar. row) outside.'" By v-Eipov is meant. the string that fastened on the J(98 a1O TO BOOK IV. head ot the arrow-. For this purpose, a hole was conmollly drilled through the head. —6yKovf. The use of barbed arrows is always represented by the Greek and Roman authors as the characteristic of barbarous nations. —Jopf3p6v ayip0fr. 1"Was collected back,' i. e., recovered itself. He saw in a moment that the wound was not a dangerous one, and that the shaft had not penetrated L eeply. -urearEvvdXovro. "Kept groaning in unison with him." 155-157. cvaro6v vv rot opcK' erawzvov. " I struck a league, then, shat was death unto thee." Observe that 6dvarov is here in appo-..tion with OpPeta, and, moreover, that vv (literally, "now,") marks here the immediate sequence of one thing from another, by way of inference, and may be rendered by our English particle " then." As regards the expression 0opKra'rajuvov, consult note on book ii., line 124. —olov 7rpoiraae. " By having set thee forward alone." Supply aE.-wrp'Axaz(cv. Heyne thinks that the hiatus here may be remedied by supposing the original reading to have been wrpo'AatLIv, and 3rp6S to have had the force of,rpo. But there is no trace oi such a reading either in the scholiasts or Eustathius. It is bet. ter to account for the hiatus in question by Thiersch's rule of the feminine caesura in the third foot. (Compare note on line 96.)Or. "Since."-cKa-ir. "Under foot." An adverb, as before. 158-163. od piev grcoa. " Yet not by'any means."-OpKltov. "The pledge," i. e., the sworn agreement.-awrovdai r' dlIpirot, K. r. A. Repeated from book ii., line 341.-rerrep ydp re, K. r. A2. "And (well may 1 say so), for although the Olympian has not, even at the moment, brought it to pass." Observe that re here strengthens the force of yap, and that y6p re is the same as the Latin etenim, or the tnore prosaic Kaci yap.-E-ic re Kcai 6p reX2e.," He will bring it to uass both fully and late," i. e., in full measure at some future day. Observe the adverbial force of IE.-G-av re /7yad2, a7rTraav. " And (then) shall they have paid the penalty with heavy (evil)," i. e., with heavy interest. In the shorter scholia we find the ellipsis in ueyn(i;2 explained as follows: X,6,Ri, r r6c, wiot rolvn,. Another scholiast, however, suggests, more correctly, cKaKi. arrgrLaav. The aorist is sometimes used, as in the present in stance, to express future events which must certainly happen The momentary force of the aorist strongly expresses the inevi table, and, as it were, instantaneous development of that which is as yet futu're. So A gamemtnon here says, in fact, " the! Trojans shall have pDad the pen; Ity, &c. So certain a'n I of this, tha I consider t as actually done this very instant." (Kaihner, Q 403, 2 ri. 60, Jelf.) lfi4-l6B taverr,.(ip. g - This and the succeeding line are Nr'1iS T'1 BOOK IV. 299 sa: to have bcc~ repeated by the younger Afrlcan. us, when witnessing the destruction of Carthage. (Appian, Pun., 13.)-U-r' U.v rorT' 6X;, U'lOltof ipr. "On which, come it when it may, sasred Ilium shall perish." Observe here the force of 7roro, as leaving the time quite uncertain. We have written OT' eav separately, with Wolf and Spitzner, as far more spirited than the common 8ray. Heyne adopts -rav, but is inconsistent with himself, since in bcok vi., 448, he has o-r' "'v. (Consult Porson, ad Eurip., Med., 191, and lge~e, Preef. in Hymn. Hoem., p. xxx.) —(v o6X32,. When the subjunctive is used for the future indicative, dv is sometimes, in Hoe mer, joined with it, when the future event is to be expressly marked as depending upon a condition. (Kihner, ~ 424, C, p. 79, Jelf. The condition here is the coming of a certain day. Zeib de. "And when Jove." The particle de connects Enrtaaetc aotv with the preceding clause, so that Zeh3 de is here the same as 9re de' Zevi aov'.-ipsUviy2 aiy'da. "His gloomy aegis." (Consult note on book ii., 447.) —r7(s6'. Equivalent to TraoTrr, and referring specially to the treacherous act of Pandarus in breaking the truce If we read rTg, with Buttmann, the meaning is weakened. 169-176. avev. L" On thy account." Observe the force of the genitive, "sorrow coming firom thee, as its cause." There-is no need, therefore, of any ellipsis of evEica. —uopav. " The destined term." —cev. "In that event." —-mroYv6udhpov "Apyog. " To the very thirsty Argolis." By'Apyog is here meant the territory of Argolis. not the city of the same name, which was then under the sway of Diomede. In book i., line 30, it has a still wider acceptation. The epithet 7rodv6hptov is applied to the country in question as being, in par't, an ill-watered one. The Argolic plain extends from north to south to the distance of about ten miles. Its breadth is equal to about half its length. The higher or more northern parts of this plain suffer from the want of water; whence the epithet employed in the text by Homer, indicative of the thirstiness of the soil. The lower district of it, on the contrary, is covered by swamps during the greater part of the year, and is intersected by the copious stream of the. River Erasinus. (Wordsworth's Greece, p. 343.) Some make wrowv1i/tov signily here "ir.uch thirsted after," i. e., by the absent Greeks. This, however, is forced. Others would read ro2Lv'ti'plv,'very destructive," from -rG2G, and lnram, on the ground that Argolis was not poor in water. All this is quite unnecessary, as will appear from the explanation given above. yuavlovral. "Will bethink themselves." —cad- de Kicev 0rostiv. And we should, in that event, leave t1ehind.". —Uare.%evrTr2j- E 300 NOTES TO BOOK iV. 0py,6 "By an uncompleted work," i. e., by the side of it, near is The work itself, which the expected death of Menelaus will inter. rupt, is here beautifully dese ibed as lying by his side in the same grave. Observe the local force of eri. 177-184. E7Lt6paCOK v. "Leaping upon." Indicative of con tempt. So.zEgisthus is said, in the Electra of Euripides (v. 329), to insult the tomb of Agamemnon, &vOpdGaet rTorp. Compare, also, Horace, Od., iii., 3, 41. —aiO' oiroC Eir irat, st 7. r. A. "Would that Agamemnon might accomplish his wrath against all;n the same way as he even now," &c., i. e., may he succeed on ll other occasions in working out his wrath, just as he has now aucceded with his expedition against the Trojans. Ironical.-Kaot,~ E6y. "And in truth he has gone." Observe that tcai 6d, along with the idea of certainty, has the accompanying one of insulting derision. -.rorT. " Hereafter."-r6rE toct XdCivot EipEa xOdP. "Then may the broad earth open her mouth for me," i. e., open to receive me. Compare Virgil, En., iv., 24. i" Sed mihi vel telluzs optem prius ima dehiscat." 185-187. oVic Ev Kactpcp t iyy. "Has not been-fixed in a vital part." Homer has Ic-apcor (only in the Iliad) always in the signifi-,nation of place, and in the neuter, and there is no need whatever of any ellipsis here of pzEpet.-eripdvaro. " Protected (me)."- iCOa "The skirt." Consult note on line 137.-r'v Xatc1ef' aiuov av6pe~. Which men, workers in brass, fabricated." 189-199. ~iXof i; MevdLae. "O Menelaus, beloved one." Observe that Liaog here is not the nominative, but another form foi the vocative, which is either Hi;ae or Riao;. (K'ihner, ~ 264, An. 1.' -EXKog EIrudae rat. 1" Shall handle the wound." —d' i'rtO#aeet 6p.ctaX'.'And shall apply remedies."-7rav'capv. Supply Ci. &ecov Kjpvica. Compare book i., 334, where heralds are spoken ol -. LAoC Z7ye2oL 7ijde aai. avc6ppv.-Maxdova. Machaon was a celebrated physician, son of _Esculapius, and brother of Podalirius. HIe went to the Trojan war, where his skill in surgery and the healing art proved of great service to his countrymen. - PCrT'. " The valued man." Observe that c0Sya here is not a mere redundance, as rome suppose, but an emphatic and complimentary designation, and refers to the valuable professional services which Machaon was accustomed to render. It may be rendered literally in the same sense, "the man."-ern) tiv KLEof, tC7... Observe that e2Eof and rr'vOoS are epexegetica accusatives, being added, by a species of apposition, to the preceding predicate, in order to mark a result. They stand, therefore, for rrTE EC'vat KgZoc, &c. (Compare boot iii.. 50,. UaTTES TO BOOK IV. ~01 2110-.2t8. 1.airarivcv.'Looking around for."-'-pla. Mactaaotl ialted in himself the two characters of warrior and practiser of the healiag art.-TpiKyg1. Trica (or, as it is more commonly-written, Tricca) was a city of Thessaly, southeast of Gornphi, and near the lunction of the Peneus and Lethoeus. Homer places it under the,iominion of the sons of 2Esculapius, Podalirius and Machaon. It,ossessed a temple of_,Esculapius, which was held in great ven era'on. The modern YIrzcala appears to correspond to its site. Opa'. Consult note on book iii., 250. 209-212. Pa'v d' lvat. 1 "And they proceeded to go." —7repi 6' av rSv dy'pyEpaO', K. r. Z. "Now around him had been collected into a circle as many as were the bravest." This clause, down to the end of line 212, is parenthetical.-vK;oc6ae. Aristarchus and Zenodotus objected to this adverb, and the former substituted for it the nominative KtKico, taken as a noun of multitude, and agreeing with aiyo1yipa'. But KcVK2L6ae is sanctioned by Herodian and Apollonius, and must stand. (Bekkcr, Anecd. Gr., ii., p. 607.) 213-217. avoritca 6'. "Immediately thereupon." The particle da marks the apodosis, the protasis being at Lahi2' OTre d S'bcavov, A. r. a. —rob 6' eiE2LCco/pIvoo 7rdCLtv, ayyev i6ec dyicoi;o "But while it was being pulled back out (of the wound), the sharp barbs were broken. This line is punctuated differently by different editors,-some placing a comma after irdaTv, and connecting this adverb with 8E'l761cevolo, others inserting a comma before 7rd2tv, and thus referring it to yiyev. The former is certainly preferable, although the latter has the authority of Wolf, Heyne, Voss, and others. In the former case, ayev will be for EcMyaav, from ayvvut (Thiersch, ~ 232); in the latter, we must render Ir2i.tv &yev, "were bent," and deduce iyev from dayw: but ayev, as a second aorist passive of dye, is not Greek. The expression 7roracbi 6ayvz[~evo~ in Herodotus (i., 185), on which the advocates for this latter meaning rely as an' authority in their favour, means merely a river with a broken, i. e., wielding course. 218-219. altt' euvraar, tK. r. S. " Having sucked out the blood, he thereupon skilfully sprinkled on it soothing applications." Observe.hat eiddr has here an adverbial kind of force, and is equivalent to.rtiaradveo:.' Plato cites this passage, with some slight variations, as a proof of the temperate lives and strong constitutions of the men of hc heroic age, when a simple application sufficed to heal a wound. IRep., iii., vol. Ti., p. 305, Bip. Compare Sprengcl, Hist. Med., vol, i., p. 127.) -ipyacia. By these are meant, in all probability, the leaves and roots of herbs, more or less broken up by the hand. In the eleventh hook (r St5), the poet speaks of a hitter root applied foi 1l 4e 302 NOTETS -' B OnuI( IV. this purpose, Irrt!f Pitav Pfdie wrtKpfiv; and in the scholia on tni passage, the root in question is. said to have been, according to some, the aip~tar o giax; according to others, the'Axi2aLeta. Botk of these have tha property of cicatrizing a wound in a short space of time. —rdcaae, ra 0'i to0, E. r. A. Knight rejects this line as spurious, because, as he maintains, the legend of Chiron is post-Homeric. He therefore reads the 218th verse as follows: alu' l:uvivaac, er' up' i7rta aciplcac' rciaoaev. This makes the sense complete without the succeeding line, and resembles somewhat Plato's read, ing. —9WdRa ~pove'ov. "Entertaining friendly feelings." —Xeipwv. Chi ron was the most celebrated of the Centaurs, and the son of Saturn and the nymph Philyra. 220-222. alu0e'rvovro. "Were busying themselves around."r6opa. "In the mean while." —Erri PvOov. "Came on."'-oC' ai'-'i-f Karac reVXe' Mdvv. "But they, in their turn, put on their arms," i. e., they, the Greeks. Both sides had deposited their arms on the ground while awaiting the result of the single combat.-1-uvaavro Re Xidp/z7r.- "And bethought themselves of the fight." 223-233. ov aiv idotc. " You would not have seen." —02aa ezhci? arredo0vra, Ic. r. 2. " But bestirring himself vigorously for the battle that makes men illustrious."-Z'uTrovg. Observe that Homer elsewhere employs Zr-rot in the sense of a chariot; here, however, it has its ordinary meaning, and is joined with ip/lara. —aae. " He ~eft." More literally, " he let alone," "he let be." —tclrdvev0' EXE Oto6wvraf. 1" Held snorting apart." —ri i2yda wr062' err6reZ;?e 7raoteX'uev. 1" On this one he very much enjoined to have them near."-.oZuao dai aKotpavlovTa. "While going about regulating numbers," #. e., while marshalling the host. oVf iuLv idot. "Whomsoever he saw," i. e., as often as he saw any. The optative with the relative is used to indicate the recur rence of an act. (Compare book ii., 188.) 234-241. [ui7rT rt uere7e. 1" Do not yet remit aught."-E-rl'qEvHiaiL. "Unto liars." We have given here the reading of AristarcLus, as adopted by Wolf and Spitzner. The common text has emdeoaat, with' the accent on the antepenult. The former is the dative plural of ~pev6is, equivalent to Ifevacr', 1" a liar;" the latter is the same case of ueOcfl, "a lie," and is followed by Heyne and Voss. But dpwyio, or Eirapeyoi 6ivai rtvt, suits better the idea of a persron than a thing. —Sat' ot 7rep rrp6repoL, S. r. A. Compare book ii., 299. —r-v'rot av'rrdv ripeva XpS)v, to. r.. An old formn of speech, implying that they shall fall in the fight. 242-246.'ApyeTot iL6uowpo, K. r. Ya. "Ye bnrggart Argives. ro NOErS Tso -booi tV 303 ploaehes (to manhood), are ye not now ashamed!" The meaning of the epithet iM6jpot is involved in great doubt, and various opinions have been advanced on the subject, as may be seen in the Glossary. One thing appears to be clear, namely, that it is irtended as a term of reproach, and forms one of the " angry words, mentioned in the previous line, and with which Agamempcon "strongly rebuked" those whom he addressed on this occasion. We have, therefore, followed Schneider and Riemer in its etymology, and have made it signify "men skilled merely in using the voice," i. e., "braggarts," " men of big words, unaccompanied hby corresponding deeds." This explanation appears to be confirmed by a line in the 14th book,'Apyeot ia/ospot, drret2A&v a6KprTOt, where Wrrei2~v iuc6prot would seem to be added in farther explanation of the word. aoeEO0e. Observe that agn6otpa is here employed in its primitive meaning, namely, " to feel awe or fear" before God and man, especially when about to do something disgraceful, that is, "to feel shame," "to be ashamed," &c. The signification, "to honour with pious awe,","to worship," is post-Homeric. —Ergre. We have given this form with Spitzner, in preference to eUarire. The sense requires the perfect, not the aorist. Thiersch defends the latter ({ 223, d.), but Kfihner () 235, Anm. 2) is in favour of the former.-ve6poi. The fawn was a standing symbol of cowardice among the ancients. —roEiof irer6ioto Oiovaat. " In running across a large plain." As regards the employment of the genitive here with a verb of motion, consult note on 7redioto, book iii., 14. 247-249. i ItYEVE7 TpClag, K. r. 2. "Wait ye for the Trojans to come nigh?" Observe that yEivo, in the sense of "to wait for," is construed with the accusative and infinitive in this passage, more commonly with the accusative alone. —EvOa re. "Where." Observe that lvOa was originally a demonstrative adverb, "there,"' "here," and that the addition of the particle Tre converted it into a relative adverb. I-Hence EivOa re, in the present instance, means literally, " and here," i. c., " where." —elpvur'. 1" Have been drawn up." Consult note on book i., 306.-a t' c/ itv ie.p-Xg, S. r. A. "Whether the son of Saturn will hold his hand over you," i. e., will protect you, since you do not seem inclined to protect yourselves. Observe the employment of cE (av) with the subjunctive, for the future; literally, 1" will, in that case, hold his hand over you.' SConsult note on line 164 250-256. s dye Icotpav&or, /c. r7... "Thus this (monarch), dis. -Tharging the d-uties of commander, kept travel sing the ranks of the 304 NO ES'TO) BOOK.IV. men."- FErrcitoeZro. Compare book iii., 196. —KLt K (Ld o>i oa/ol av 4'7ev. "Moving up and down among the throng of warriore." Ob serve the force of cvd. —oi 6' ciL&''IotzUevi)a. "But those around Idomeneus." The followers of the chieftain alone are meant, their leader being separately mentioned in the next line. (Consult note on htook iii., 146.) Idomeneus was King of Crete, and accompanied the Greeks to the Trojan war with a fleet of eighty ships. Cornpale book ii., 645, seqq.'Idoyteverv l'V. " Idomeneus indeed (was)." The ellipsis is conlmnonly supplied here by lfopacae,-ro, but it is more complimentary to the Cretan chief to understand simply'v, implying that he was already armed and at the head of his forces.-M7Tpt6vy.C. Meriones was the charioteer of Idomeneus. Compare book ii., 651.-7rwvuraS drFvve id2ba.yy'a. Meriones acted as ovrpay5c6. (Xen., Cyrop., 3 3, 40.) As regards the term ~~lRayyac, consult Glossary on book iii., 77.-pUemtlt.iottv. Supply 7r6eacatv. Compare book i., 539. 257-265. 7repi. "Above." Heyne and Wolf accentuate this word as an adverb, -rept, but it must be regarded as a preposition, on which the genitive that comes after depends.-&27aoigo erri e pi.g' In employment of other kind." —d6' ev datO'. "And also at the banquet." Observe that ial~O' is for datri. Distinguished persons were honoured at the banquet with a larger share of the viands than others. (Il., xii.,;31.) The general rule was that all shou-ld share equally; whence the expression dail' elt'a. —re U-'p re. O)h serve the employment here of 6rTE with the subjunctive KepovrTaL Agamemnon refers to a banquet, and lire therefore refers to this definite idea; but, as the time itself is left uncertain, the subjunct ive is employed to express this. The usage here referred to, how ever, of connecting 0`re, drw6re, beret6.d, with the subjunctive, occurs only in Homer and other old poets. (Matthire, { 251, Ohs. 1.) yepoOlatov aieoora olvov. "The dark-red chieftain's wine." By yepoiazoc otvoC is meant,vine drunk only by the elders and chiefs at Lme king's table. Observe, moreover, that yepoatov olvov forms only one combined idea, and there is, therefore, no copula between yepolotov and aliOora. —evl tcpqrpcLz. In striking a league (co mpare book iii., 260), and also on other occasions, where the nature of the case admitted, a single mixer was alone employed; at a banquet, however, several would, of course, be required. (Conmpare Od., i, 110; xx.., 253.) Hence the employment of the pluiral in the text datrp6v "An assigned portion." As a distinguished guesi would be allowed a larger hare of the viands than the rest, sc the NCr'ES TO BOi.K IV. 3(Tl moment he had dra.ned his cup an attendant filled it up again tc, the. brim, while the rest of the company were served far less liberlUly, and had each a particular portion assigned to them. Hence ihe wine-cup of Idoineneus stands always full.-06re 7vu ua i)yoL. On the employment of Tre with the optative, consult note on book i., 610.-ta;' tipaev'r6,Eyo6vd', Ui... X. "But rouse thyself to the ywar, such as before now thou professest to have been." -With regard to the expression eiXeat edvat, consult note on book i., 91. 266-271. u(tdza yEv. "By all means indeed." - Eptipo.c t.ratpotA closely-attached companion."-v-irEorlv. Compare book ii., -246. —a6s y' odptc' exevav. "Have scattered the pledges to the winds."'Observe the force of the adverbial 7tiv in denoting utter confusion. The verb XEt here refers literally to a pouring out, a spilling, or wasting, or scattering, &c. —rottv 6' aSi. "But to them in their turn." 272-278. 7rap' XEro. " Passed on." —Er' Aicvreaat. "Unto the Ajaxes." Consult note on book ii., 406. —v-eo srextiv. " A cloud of foot-soldiers." The thronging host Of followers is compared to a dark thunder-cloud. —orr -O'cowtic. "From some hill top," i. e.. from which he can have a view of the surrounding horizon. In Homer, cdo7rtl is always a hill top or mountain peak. —~iro Ze~bpoto o7?w. "Beneath the roar of the northwestern blast." Consult note on book ii., 147, and also Glossary.-r7t de r''ve8viev E,vri, K. r. X. "k nd to him, being at a distance, it appears blacker (on this account), even like pitch."; According to some, the compara. tive Pe6Avrepov here wants its usual force. Others, as, for instance, Buttmann, make?l"Tre equivalent to a, and compare it with the usage of wie in the common German expression "grisser wie du." Spitzner's explanation, however, appears to be the best, and is founded upon a remark of one of the scholiasts. According to him, the poet makes the cloud, appear blacker, than:it- really is, to the shepherd, on account of his distance from it, and to resemble so much pitch.-16v. "As it advances." 279-282. tyi7Et'v re idjv. "He both shudders on seeing it." Obhserve that the aorist is here employed to denote what one is accistomed to do in such cases, and hence is to be rendered as a present. The same remark applies to;aaue.-iKvuveca. "In dark array." irenptizviact. "Bristling." Observe the continued action indica. ted by the perfect. 286-291. COui ZEiv, I. r. 2. "You two, indeed, for it is n.ot be coming to arouse (such as you), I do not at all exhort." The: ordinarv text places a comma after Et.cx', anti none after 6rpvvgte., sc 306 NOTES TO BOOK IV. that the latter A ord will depend on?tce.ew, and t te cJnstt.ctia will be aodi ice~ear% o6rpvve/Jev. Buttmann, in his Lexilogus (p 423, ad. Fishlake), confesses, that the verse which follows might seem very much to favour this arrangeniqnt, and that thus aobut would be in its usual construction. Still, he thinks that T7pvvuerV, standing without a case, is too harsh for the other mode of Construing not to force itself upon us as the more natural. The sa.me scholar re marks, that Heyne does Eustathius an injustice when he makes him say that Homer, in this passage, used opn5 (the accusative) fol aSidv (the dative) to suit the metre. On the contrary, Eustathiue agrees with all good commentators, saying that Homer, in the passage in question, used, on account of the metre, a new construc. tion namely, KctEvezv TV(i, without an infinitive, whereas, in this case, the dative is more common. (Buttmann, 1. c.) WVe have adopted, therefore, the punctuation recommended by Buttmann, which is also that of W'olf and Spitzner. aITr6. "You of your own selves," i. e., without requiring any urging from others. Equivalent to the Latin sponte. Compare the analogous usage of ipse.- a yap Zev re 7rdrep, E. T.?u. Repeated, with the exception of line 289, from book ii., 371, segq. 292-296. roibe eev. The two Ajaxes and their followers.rerElue. "l He found."-2tyVv IIv2~iuv dyoprylr7v. Compare book i., 248.-oai. The Latin suos. —arAd2;ovra. " Putting in readiness.",tuq ptEyav fIIerdyovTa, ic. r. 2. "(Namely), the mighty Pelagon, and Alastor, and Chromius, &c., with their followers." (Consult note on book iii., 146.) Knight thinks, that verses 295 and 296 are interpolations, because the warriors here mentioned appear nowhere else in the poem as leaders of the Pylians, and because there is a hiatus in verse 295. Heyne, on the other hand, is of opinion, that these names of otherwise obscure individuals are here given, in order to inspire the hearer with confidence in the poet's general accuracy, seeing that he- is able to enumerate the names even of in dividual warriors. It may excite surprise that, in this nomenclature, no mention is made of Antilochus and Thrasymedes, the two tons of Nestor. 297-301. r7rzrac. "The cavalry." We have given this translatian as less objcttionable than the ordinary one, " the charioteers." At the period of the Trojan war there was no cavalry, properly sa called; but the warriors, whom Homer calls rTr77er, in opposition to the 7re'oi, fought from chariots. We have in this remarkable passage the first rude elements of military tactics; the chariots come'irst. the infantry clc.e the rear, and the cowards are thrust into the NOTEIS TO BOOK IV. 30' middle space between the two. And yet, though we here Aiscovei something like an order of battle, nothing of the kind ever appears to have been observed in the combats themselves. At the first shock they abandoned any regular order they might previously have had, and each one fought on his own account. There were, it is true, some general m6l6es, but then the ranks were not kept; it was rather a conflict of masses.-'pico..Uev wro;tt/oto. "To be the bulwark of the fight." Observe that ~?ev is equivalent here to the more prosaic c5are erYat. The meaning of Nestor's plan of battle if' it ever was adhered to, is this: the cavalry are first to make ail impression on the enemy's line, and then, when this has begun to waver, the infantry are to follow in a mass, and complete the overthrow.-icaicog. "The faint-hearted." Polybius (xv., 16) informs us that Hannibal, at the battle of Zama, followed this plan of placing those who could not be depended upon in the middle, that they might be compelled to fight, even though unwilling. Frontinue (Strat., ii., 3, 21) says that.Pyrrhus pursued the same plan with the Tarentines; and Ammia'nus Marcellinus (xxiv., 6) gives a similai account of Julian, in a battle with the Persians. _LElian pleasantly says, that the dolphins swim after this fashion, the young ones come first, the females follow after, and the males bring up the rear. (Hist. An., x., 8.) 302-305. ixdilev. "To hold in." Equivalent to icarixetLv. —ua K0RofJtEea dOat 6. " And not to be carried tumultuously among the crowd." Nestor wishes his cavalry to advance in line on the foe, not in broken order, some moving more impetuously than others. —. unde rz w7rwroav'1, c. r. A2. Nestor, in like manner, directs that no one should impel his chariot in advance of the rest, in order to seek a single combat with some Trojan warrior. —/zT6' 5araXopelro. "Nor let (any one) retreat." 306-309. C 6di I' clvip, K. r. X. "And whatever man shall reach from his own car the chariot of another, ict him stretch forward with his spear, since in this manner, indeed, it is much better." (Consuit, as regards wrei a, the note on book i, 156.) These two verses form one of the most difficult passages in Homer, and, as P!utarch informs us, occasioned no little trouble to the ancients themselves (De Aud. Poet., vol. vi., p. 100, ed. Reiske.) Eustathius gives us four different explanations; Ernesti adds a fifth, and Heyne a sixth. This last appears to be the true one, but is due, in fact, to Koppen, and is followed also by Wolf. We have adopted it in our transla. tion o' the passage. According to Koppen, Nestor's meaning is this a hatever one of you shall be able, from his own car (i. e ~08. i~dO NOTES T() BOOK IV',, without sWinging to the ground), to reach a chariot of tlhe f(> tc, 1 aim push at this with his lance. This is a far better course tha~e to leap to the ground, since the latter often exposes an individual t0 danger in the turmoil of the fight. ~yxeI 6perGaow. Observe the force of the miadle voice, and colmpare book v., 851, seq.,' where Mars is described as stretching forward over the yoke with his brazen spear. So, in the second book, the Abantes are spoken of as spearmen, with'extended ashen spears, O6peKToci iet tu. —de icia ol irporepot. "In this way, also, those men of former days." Observe here the force of -o, as de. picting the proud earnestness of the old man in referring to the martial reminiscences of his earlier days. Nestor's meaning is this, that the warriors of earlier times conquered by means of the very mode which he here recommends, and did not pursue the method so prevalent in the time of the -Trojan war, of leaping from the chariot to the ground.-Tr6vE v6oo Kcai t.,uov, K. r. 2. "Keep. ing this purpose and spirit in their breasts," i. e., they blended cir cumspection with valour. 310-316. wriXlaL. To be construed with e-V ehi6, not, as Bothe maintains, with Wrpvve. —& O/9va6c. "As is the spirit." Supply EcTi. — S r70t yovaO'',oro. " So thy knees obeyed thee." Liter ally, " followed thee." Age and weakness show themselves particularly in the knees. Compare Horace, "daum virent genua.' (Epod., xiii., 4.)-y75pag dtoiLov. "1Old age common alike to all.' Homer applies the epithet 6tLoitoc to things that all are liable alike to experience, such as death, old age, war, &c.; and as these-are commonly mournful and unlucky things, some of the grammarians lay down the rule that dzoteog in Homer is generally applied to things of this nature. —'c 6O0EXv TtC, K. r. 2. "Would that some other one of men had it." Literally, " 0, how some other one of men ought to have it." Consult note on book iii., 40. —EXev. Supply a7r6, as refezring to y7pac.-laererva~. "Went among."'317-326. rEp7vtoVC rir6ora NECr6Tp. Consult note on book ii., 336. -(3Jc Eev. A negligent mode of ex:pression for rotoo7o ILeLatL.-'EBpev6a2.6va. Ereuthalion was an Arcadian, who, in the armour of Areithous, which Lycurgus had given him, fought against the Py lians, but was slain by Nestor. (Compare II., vii., 134.) —9eo 6d6 sav. "Are the gods wont to give." Observe the force of thi aorist in denoting wha' is customary or usual.-vfv avrc /E y-/pat b-r;ELe. Nestor's meaning is this, that old age now presses Upon him, but that with it have come the experience and wisdom of agn: gust as in former days, when he was young, youth brought strenw a NOUT S TO BOOK IV 3(0) ste Irame. —-,z-et. "Presses upon." We Lave adopted here the reading of Aristarchus, as given by the scholiast, in place of the more common bcdve't. (lde KFeXie. -' "And will direct (them)."-T- y', y7pa C T. y7p6v rev. 1" For this is the privilege of the old." —a'iu' a'i1xccovaC.'Shall handle the spears." Consult note on verse 27.-yeq-daac. Equivalent to eila. 327-331. IITEreo.. "Of Peteiis."-Mevea95a. Menestheus, son of Petefis, king of Athens, was the leader of the Athenian forces against Troy. (Consult book ii., 552.) —jr7,'wpeC iaVT7-. "Advisers in the fight," i. ce, leaders in battle, skilled in fight. The term,u~ Prap is applied, by Homer to any one distinguished for wise coun sel, and who therefore takes the lead.-6-r?'C. Observe that aivri is properly the war-cry, thence taken for the battle itself.- aV7ap 6 2r~oiv taCTKEt, -C..' "But he, the sagacious Ulysses, was standing near." (Compare book i., 488.) The demonstrative force of 6 is here' softened down into the personal pronoun.-rap 6~. "An id by hifm."-Ke2a?2Lvov. The Cephallenians were among the subjects of Ulysses, whom he led to the war of Troy. The Island of Cephallenia (now Cefalonia) lay to the southwest of Ithaca, and wasseparated from it'by a strait of six miles. Compare book ii., 631. —o -ydp Rrs'optv'dIosero,.... "For their people did not yet hear the battle-cry.".' In consequence of their remote station in the host, they were not yet aware that hostilities had recomtnenced. Observe that aKoV0ero is here employed where, in later Greek, Grovk was used. In the Homeric and post-Homeric dialects there occur many verbs, expressing a perception of the mind or the senses, either in the rnidddle voice only, or in the middle as well as the active; while the later writers used merely the form in (o. (,Kiahner, b 363, 5, pi 17, Jelf.) 332-338. d2uXta v gov.avvoptv6pevat, I. T. X. "But the ranks, &c., being (only) lately aroused, were getting set in'motion." Observe that a2D2.i here is'equiivalent to ci2au2yap, and the meaning, in fact,, "h but this'was natural:enough, for the ranks," &c. —o 6o'SvovrrEC, K. 7. r. They had not yet heard of the' breaking of the truce and the resumption of hostilities. they merely beheld the troops in motion, and were waiting,'therefore; to see whether the part of the army contiguous to themselves would'advance against the foe, intending, in this event,: to follow their. example.-6&rwr7re, 7ripoyo!'AXatdv 62aoc, K. r. a.." Unti. anotherlcolumn of the Greeks, hav ing advanced, should rush upon th'e Trojans." WVre have rendereQ v,rtv-c here by the term " column " though, perhaps, its more cor 310 NOTES TO BOOK IV. iect meaning Ior Homeric times is simply that of a L add of men in close array, or what Wolf calls " ein Haufen."-Observe that 6or xr6re here, with the optative, does not convey the meaning of " as often as," but merely " until." —Tpicirv 6pluaeLt. The verb O6p/(J is much more frequently intransitive (as in the present instance) than transitive. Observe here, moreover, its connexion with the genitive. Verbs which properly signify a rapid motion after some Tbject, take the- genitive case. (Kuiiner, ~ 507, p. 142, JelJ.) 339-342. cati v'u, Kacolc dootaLcs KteKaCtFCve, K. T. A. I' And thou, (Ulysses), excelling in destructive wiles, of crafty mind." Observe that these words are not intended as a reproach. Agamemnon merely expresses his surprise, that a man so expert in taking advantage of the foe, and so famed for crafty expedients in warfare should now, apparently, be shrinking from the encounter. —rt-rre aranrrcaaovrTE aEC&rarcE. a "Why stand.ye aloof cowering."'-,95c;v /yv ri' errotIKc, K. r. 7X. " You two, indeed, it behooves, that you be and keep your station among the foremost, and take part in the glowing fight." Apollonius, in order that the construction may proceed more smoothly, appears to have preferred acidZ, the accu sative; but the metre opposes this. The poet might have employed the dative iEoiae; but, for perspicuity's sake, he uses the accusative with the infinitive. We have given the explanation of Wolf, " vros inter primos existere atque stare decuit," which is better than making'ovrac equivalent to quum essetis, as some do. 343-348. 7rporw yap Kati daTor, Is. r. A. " For you two are even the first to hear of a banquet of mine," i. e., to hear.of an intended banquet, and to come thereto as guests. Agamemnon here inlulges in the language of actual reproach. As Menestheus and Ulysses are always the first to hear of an intended feast, and to be the first to come to it, so ought they both to be foremost in the fight — &KOVavdao v.: We have followed the explanation of Koppen, who makes ticovado/eat have here the simple meaning "to hear of." Others, with less propriety, give it the signification of " to be bid den to," and make it analogous to vocari in Latin. Compare Od. ix., 7, and xiii., 9, where it is joined each time with the genitive iotdovo.-6-r-6re. Observe that 6'rwT6re here, with the optative, has the meaning of " as often as." Consult note on book iii., 233. — AXatoi. He does not employ the personal pronoun iyes, since he refers to a banquet at the common expense. Oiia.' For 4ica, supply eari, the same in effect as tilov Bearl.brraaia Kpia. The Homeric banquets were singularly simple. Beef, mutton. and goat's flesh were the ordinary me.ilts. usuallv NOTES TO BOOK IV. 311 eaten roasted, yet, from 11., xxi., 363, seq., we learn, tha, boiled meats were held to be far, from unsavoury. Cheese, flour, arnd oc-,asionally fruits also, formed part of the Homeric meals.-050pa eOiX2vrov. "As long as ye both may choose." —vov 6d 0iO oX' 0o-. oJTe. "Now, however, you would both look on with pleasure." Observe that X' is for KE. —Kat e. "Even if." Not to be confound. ed with e tcaE. (Consult Spitzner, Excurs., xxiii.) 349-356. iro'dpa. Compare book i., 148. —roo6v oe Erro, Ar. r. ai.' What kind of a speech has escaped thee from the barrier of thy teethe" As regards the double accusative here, consult note on book i., 236. By Eplcof bd6vrnov are meant the teeth, as forming a ring or wall, not the lips as fencing in the teeth. This latter opin ion is ably refuted by Nitzsch (ad Od., i., 64), though it has the sanction of Porson's name (Misc. Crit., p. 207). It is to be observed that ipKcof does not merely signify that which encompasses, nut, to adopt Plato's language; 7rdv a'ov a v- EvEca Kco)dvewoS etpyv Tr 7rept.xov. (Sophist., p. 220.) This definition certainly cannot suit the lips, which, from their opening and shutting, are rather compared to gates or doors.-7ro2/zozo uczEitte v. " That we are relaxing 7volW the war." cyepojtrv. For'iyedpo-jev, the subjunctive with the shortened mood vowel.-v i2,lpvaa. The Venice MS. has ijV K' iOEauOa, which Heyne thinks not a bad reading; but there is a difference of meaning between the two forms, which Heyne did not observe. The first indicates that the matter is left entirely to the option of the party; whereas`v C' iOiyrga implies a hope, or wish, on our part, that the person referred to may feel inclined to do the thing in question. -Tel2euadXoto oi2ov rraripa. This mode of expression would imply that the name of Telemachus had already, in some respect, become conspicuous. —a 6de ra~r' a(vetz3txa fpietc. " Thou, however, dost, in these, utter words as idle as the winds." Liter ally, dost utter windy, idle trash. 357-363. 6Sf Yvr Xdoouvozo. " When he perceived him to be incensed." Observe that ytyvSaco, which is generally construed with the accusative case, here takes the genitive. Verbs expressing the reception cf mental and physical impressions take the genitive of the source of that perception, or that whence it proceeds and is received, this being necessariky antecedent to the perception. (Kiihner, Q 485, p. 126, Jelf.)-7r-dtv 6' hye la'ero!v~0ov. " And back this (monarch) took his speecn," i. e., and he retracted'whal lie had said irtrLtatoI, "Beyond measure." — ri.' a 6ivea oi6e, o. r. A. "q an 312 NOTES TO BOOK xlV ceives kird intentions (towards -ne); for thou ho.dest those oplinions which I even hold." The expression iT7rta dr1vea olde is ellip. tical here, and must be co:npleted by'/ol. It is the same thing, Mn fact; as ilGor eaTr [ot, so that'7ria &vea e olev /oi means the same as "he is my friend." Observe, however, that divea is often omitted. (W'olf, ad loc.) — avra d' 5ita0Oev apecaa6oe0'. "We will make up this among ourselves hereafter," i. e., we will adjust this hereafter. Observe the force of the middle.-Tr dk. -(vTa Oeoi, K. r. A. " But may the gods render all these things vain," i. e., the gods grant that all I have said pass away as nothing, and give rise to no hos.. tile feeling between us. 365-36:7. Atoujdea. The last two syllables (dea) to be pro nounced as one by synizesis. —Iv' riTroTte Kay appuata. The same in effect as ev ap'part.-ZOEve6oc, Karaav'oS logv' "Sthenelus, son of Capaneus." Literally, " Capanean son." Sthenelus was the son of Capaneus and Euadne, and came to the Trojan war among.the followers of Diomede. He acted as charioteer to the latter, and hence is represented here as standing by his side.' 370-371. da^tpiovog, i'7rros6zoto. Compare note on book ii., 23.ri 6' di -rTreVer tro2EM/oto yevppag; " And why art thou gazing about upon the damiis of the warL'" The term yepvpa properly denotes a dam, or mound of'earth, especially to keep out water. The Ho mericphrase y9vpae arou/oao, or, in the plural, y7vpat 7roluAoto, is thence applied to the lane or intervening space between two lines of battle, which served.to keep them apart, as it were a dam, until the commencement of;the fight. Diomede is here reproved by Aga-:memnon for not advancing himself along the yEovpat 7roiXEloto, and beginning the battle, but for looking around with an eye of curiosity (such being the true force of o7rt TrevOw) to see whether any'other division of the army will move along the yiOvpat first, or, in other words, commence'the fight before him. Wolf, Crusius, and others, incorrectly make the phrase in question refer to the intervals between the ranks or files of one and the same army (" die intervalla zwischen den Reihen"), or, rather, between the different masses (" zwischen den versehiedenen Hiiufen") composing the host, and along which intervals the chariots could retreat to the rear. This would suit rathe'r the post-Homeric meaning of y'qvpa, nammely, " a. bridge;" and, besides, Diomede, in this case, would be charged by hgamemnon with open, cowardice, and would certainly have made an indignant reply, instead of keeping silence, as the poet makes lirm to have done. The scholiast, moreover, expressly says that the'VfY',vpcr SAx u Ta.e) nror tu.v rv (4laaT'7uaea. NOTES TO BOOK IV. 3l3 3't2-3:75. TvuJi. Tydeus was the son of (Eneus, king of Calyon. I-He fled from his country after the accidental nmurduox of one DI his relations, and took refuge with Adrastus, king of Argos whose daughter Deipyle he married. He then proceeded with Polynices to Mycenae, to obtain aid against Thebes, the crown of which city was claimed by the latter. Thyestes was then reigning at Mycenae. (Schol., ad loc.) —TroR2 erp6. "Far in advance of."rrove,/uevov. "Toiling (in the fight)." Heyne maintains that the whole passage, fiom verse 374 to verse 400 inclusive, is an interpolation of some rhapsodist, in which opinion Knight agrees. So long a narrative does certainly appear inconsistent with the hurried movements of a commander on the eve of a battle, and who, be. sides, blames others for their own delay. ov yap eycyre vrna', K. r. AL. According to the common account, the first Theban war, or the contest between Polynices and his orother Eteocles for the crown, occurred one generation before the Trojan war. At the time referred to in the text, Thyestes was reigning at Mycena, having, as is said, received the kingdom in trust firom his brother Atreus, for.his nephew Agamemnon, who was a minor at the time of Tydeus's visit, and did not, according to his own account, either meet or see him. —rept ci52ov. Compare book i., 287. 376-381. c5rep zro2itov. "Without warlike array,' i. e., without any accompanying host. It might have been expected, from the preceding narrative, that he came'attended by armed followers (abv 7roA'j/o), and therefore the words in the text are added.-.Se7voC. "As a guest," i. e., as a private person.-Raov dayetpov. "Seeking to collect a force." The common punctuation, namely, a comma after ayepo)v, and a colon after e6sCt, makes the reference in oi tPa somewhat ambiguous. We have, therefore, with Heyne, placed a full stop after y7eripwv, and a comma at the end of the next line. ot t3a r6r' C6rpat6vO0'. "These, namely, were at that time pre paring ar expedition." Tydeus and Polynices are meant. Ob serve that E'arparoovro is here said merely of the conatus reifacien. dae, not of an expedition already commenced.-cacci ja;lcua aUacovro "And, accordingly, they earnestly entreated (the people)." Supply X.a6v.-.o 6'. "They thereupon." Referring to the people of Mycenw,.-tcai L Eurveav. oCg icXrevov. "And assented, as they urged (them).'"-'-rpefe. "Turned them away (from their design)," a. e., induced them not to lend the intended aid. Supply airofi with.Wolf. which is superior to opevag, as given by some. —iatjazat ao -r, 314 I'OTIIS TO BOOK IV. nara 6aiv.)v. The Mycenawans were deteteed by i.la splclounu omens from taking part in the Theban war. 382-384. oi 6' 7rei ovTv'Xovro, K. r. X. "But when, then, these were gone, and had (now) become advanced on their way (towards Thebes), and had come to the Asopus," &c. By oi d' are meant the visiters to Mycenm, namely, Tydeus and Polynices, and iyXovro refers to their departure from that city; but EYEVOVro refers to the'march of the Argive army under its seven leaders, so that an in. terval of time must be supposed to elapse between the events mendioned in the two clauses.-i6d. Some editors are offended with the hiatus before this word, and therefore read xovr' 6e6, on the mere authority of the scholiast. But consult note on verse 91.-'AaurcBv 6'. We have adopted this reading with Wolf and Spitzner. and have made the protasis end at X2eXeroiEv. Others read'Aaw7rov6', making the de after'Aaconr6v an adverbial particle, signifying motion to a place. Our punctuation and reading, however, make "he whole sentence more animated. Wolf, indeed, objects also to'Aaco'r6vd', on the ground that de is never added to the names of riv ers, but he is contradicted in this by Od., iv., 483. The River Asopus here meant is the Bceotian one, rising in Mount Cithaeron, near Plataea, and falling into the Euripus. Heyne is wrong in ma. king it the Asopus of Achaia, rising in the Argolic Mountains, on the frontiers of Arcadia, near Cyllene, and falling into the Corinth. ian Gulf, a little below Sicyon. hvO0' cm' ('YYe2tyv, I. T. A.. "Then, moreover, the Achawans sent Tydeus on an embassy." There is a division of opinion here with regard to ayyeablhv; some making it, as we have done, the accusative of cyyei/V, others of a masculine noun ayye2rlnw, equivalent tc ayyceoS. The former position is decidedly preferable. (Consult note on book iii.,.205.) But, if ayyeil[v be the accusative of ayyeAhi, a difficulty arises with regard to the construction. Some, like H-eyne, read ayyye2iyv 97rt, i. e., Eri/ adyyeiynv, but this is not Homeric. The true mode is to regard ayyel[Vv as the accusative of the more remote object.' TLe construction will then be TreardTeav Tvtq a5yyeRi2v, "they sent Tydeus 6n an embassy." As we can say in Greek gpXEcOat ac yye &v, so may we say ar-Ei2aL (Zyre2JYv. As regards the former of *hese phrases, compare the English " to go an errand," " to go a journey,"' for " to go on an errand," "to go on a journey." (Buttmann, Lexil., p. 11, ed. Fishlake.-Hermann, Opusc., vol. i., p. 191.-Spitzner, ad II., xiii., 252. —Thiersch, Q 268, 2.) 385-390. Kacdeiwvac. "Thebans." An honorary epithet for the people of Thebes, and meaning properly, " descendants of Cadmus" NOTES rO BOOK IV. 315 It was customary for the entire race to be called ry some epithet de rived from the mythic founder and first ruler of the nation. The Thebans are here termed Cadmezns, from Cadmus, the mythic founder and first king of Thebes. —-xart 6&ita pihg'ETreoICije7i' -"In the palace of the powerful Eteocles;" literally, " of Eteoclean might." This idiom has occurred already (book iii., 105), in speak l.g of Priam-; and the reference there was not so much to phys, ical strength as to regal resources; here, however, it is to both.-, ei~v6S rrep E6v. " A stranger though he was." —('0tEJeetv. " To en gage in matches with him." It was customary, in Homeric times, for the guests, after a meal, to engage in gymnastic exercises Compare Od., viii., 97, seqq. —Trcvra. " In all (the contests)." Sup ply d62Oa. Observe that rrdvra is here the accusative of nearer definition, and exercises a kind of adverbial force. —ivita. Observe the force of the imperfect in denoting a succession of victories.-rorl/ Et'Tippo0o. "Such an auxiliary." Homer always uses Ew-i/pofoc of succour in war or contests. 391-397. IcfErope'wirwrov. "Impellers of steeds," i. e., skilled in horsemanship. The term 1cTvr&p properly applies to one who urges on an animal with a Kivrpov, or goad, and then more generally to the use of the /utc.arL, or lash. We must be careful not to refer IceJropeg to any use of the spur. The Romans indeed appear to have adopted spurs at an early period, but the Greeks never used them; and this:latter circumstance may account for the fact that they are seldom, if ever, seen on antique statues. aertyf vepxoju/vW, K. T. A. "Leading a strong ambuscade-party, planted them against him, as he was returning back." We have given avirt5 here at the suggestion of Spitzner, who refers to a similar reading in Od., i., 317, namely, avcrtc avepXo-povw 66idZevae, oiKOV68 ~fperrza. The ordinary text has &p dvvpxo/Ev,), which has been objected to by Bentley and others as introducing a short syllable into the thesis of the first foot, and making the line, consequently, commence with a trochee. Bentley suggests ad4 dp', and Barnes ap oL. Thiersch, on the other hand, defends the common text. (G. G., Q 148.)-IIoav~6vryg. This reading is due to the Venice MS.; the ordinary text has AvKco6vrycf. 398-400. Maiov' pa.rpoyicse, It. r. 2u. "He, in consequence, sent forth Mwon (in freedom), having yielded obedience to the portents of the gods." Homer is supposed by some to give, in this whole narrative, a brief abstract from some earlier lay. Hence no par. ticular mention is made of the nature of these portents. The an lient scholia furnish two explanations: Minerva whispered in his NOTES TO BOUtR xs'. ear, or else his spear was broken; and he regarded this as an oraie that he must cease from the conflict and spare Maeon. Sonie suppose AMeon to have been a herald as well as commander, and tu save been spared cn this account by Tydeus. —rv vi6v. " This,'lis son." Accompanied with a gesture, and pointing at himn.-seo XEeva. "Inferior to himself."-ayop,. " In haranguing," i. e., in words, as opposed to deeds. 401-405. 7rv d' 0e rt, c. r.,. Diomede, as a younger man, modestly keeps silence, and allows the monarch's reproof to pass unanswered.-caldeaOeir fPaa7of, Ac. r.;. "Having paid respect to the reprimand of the august king."-viol' Ka7ravroc. Sthenelus. - us i1pes&E'. "Do not lie." Plain language, and in strict accordance with Homeric costume.-acdia. "Accurately," i. e., the truth.UeiC rot ararpv, xiC T. r.. "We certainly boast of being far supe rior to our sires." Sthenelus speaks here of himself and Diomede as having been of the number of the Epigoni, who took the city of Thebes. In the first Theban war, Adrastus, together with six other heroes, led an army against Thebes,' for the purpose of restoring Polynices to the throne. This war, however, ended unfortunately, and Adrastus alone escaped with his life, having been saved by the swiftness of his horse Areion, the gift of Hercules. (II., xxiii.. 346, seqq.-Paus., viii., 25, 5.-Apollod., iii., 6.) Ten years after this, Adrastus persuaded the seven sons of the heroes who had fallen in the previous war to make a new attack upon Thebes These seven sons were termed the Epigoni ('Er~iyovot), or " after born," i. e., descendants, and the war in which they engaged is celebrated in history as the war of the Epigoni. Thebes was taken by them, and razed to the ground. 406-410. 076u7ir 6'o Eirrair02Loto. " The seat of seven-gated Thebes." Observe that 0st6,g ddog is equivalent, in fact, to Os6nyv. -rcavp6repov Zae(v c'yayy6vO'. "'WVe two having led a smaller army (than our sires)." Observe that, after referring, under ~/zEu, to all the seven leaders, he now confines himself by the dual to two of the number merely: namely, himself and Diomede.-7remXof'Apeto'. " The wall of Mars." Mars was one of the chief deities of the Thebans, as being a warlike race; and hence the walls of the city are here made sacred to him. It is incorrect to make ApEtoy convey merely the general idea of firmness and strength. 7restO6evotl rEpdEac'Lt &ev, It. T. X. Sthenelus says that the Epigoni obeyed the portents and omens from on high, and therefore were successful; whereas their fathers had contemned these, and wel e, consequently, unsuccessful. Amphiaraus, according to the NOTES TO BOOK IV. 31 I rgend, had foretold that all who should engage ill the first Theban wuar should perish, with the exception of Adrastus; but his predict tions were disregarded. On the other hand, the omens had decla. red to the Epigoni that the gods approved of their undertaking, and promised them success.-c-ErepqcL ara6aXiainvt. "By their own blind folly." —r 7T piot 7artap, a. r.?T. "Wherefore do not, I beg of thee, ever place our fathers in equal honour (with us)." Observt that utoi is here what grammarians term the dativus ethicus. (Corn pare note on book i., 425.) Some, with far less propriety, make uoN to be governed by 6/1o[y. Sthenelus speaks, not for himself merely, but for his companion in arms, Diomede; and, besides, the collocation of the words makes the construction which we have adopted by far the more natural one. —vf0eo. The aorist of the imperative is here employed to show, as Hermann remarks, that a thing which has just been done must not be repeated. (Opusc vol. i., p. 272.) 411-418. rov 6' dp', a. r. i.. Diomede here reproves Sthenelus for his language towards Agamemnon. —rrra. "My friend." This word occurs only in the present passage, and being, therefore, what is technically termed a ir7rad EipV7Uivov, its meaning is involved in considerable doubt. The generality of commentators, however, make it a species of address from a younger to an elder person and compare it with rT6Ta, drra, &c. Wolf says that it was em. ployed by older brothers to younger ones, but he has been led into an error here by one of the scholiasts; and, besides, Diomede was younger than Sthenelus. —wo7ri- VCo. "Sit in silence." Observe that tiao here has, in reality, the force of pive. As regards the hiatus between ao and Ad,, consult note on line 91.-or y7p E7y veteab, "For I am not angry with." fzr' E'berta. "W Vill at once be attachtd," i. e., will straightway follow. —roiru 6' ao. "And to this same o'ne, on the other hand." -icai vSi Esd&z E0Ga. "And let us two be th.nking of," i. e., let us two attend to. 419-421. Kati eS OXe,)ou, K.... Compare book iii., 29.-dervov 16paXe. "Rattled terribly."-bpvvjudvov. "As he moved rapidly along."-v7roI KTe raataib.povd, IC. T. X. "Fear, by reason thereof, would have seized upon one, however firm of heart." Observe that iur6 is here equivalent to 7rr6 TOot 3paXeCv.' by reason of the rattling.' Wolf, less correctly, connects hSnro with i2.ev, making it the same as Overeev. Put h0atp&) would convwy a veyv differedtt meaning from what is here intended. 4 22-432. acS 6',T7' tv alltaiiO), x. r. iu. "And as when,a wav e ot Dug y81d NOTES TO BO3K 1V. the sea is impelled in close succession on some loud-rtesoundlng shore, beneath the northwestern blast that has set it in motion." We have given the reading of Spitzner, in preference to VrrOKtv7aavro)f, as adopted by Wolf, who renders ZEOV'pov 7rToKtvlaavroc by Zephyro submoveznte. Pope expresses great admiration of the description here given of the first'Homeric battle, and the passage is certainly deserving of all the praise which he and others have bestowed upon it; but Pope mistakes entirely the nature of the simile with which the description commences. It is not by any means " a simile of the winds, rising by degrees into a general tem r pest;" on the contrary, the poet compares the onward march of the Grecian host, until they come into close collision with the foe, to a succession of mountain-billows raised by some powerful blast, that are first seen rearing their foam-crested heads far out in the deep; and then come rolling in towards the shore in rapid succession, and break, at length, with loud roarings, upon the rocky strand. opvvr'. Thiersch (G. G., { 322, 3) insists that we must here read flpvvr', the imperfect, not opvvr', the present, as the ordinary text gives it. But he is ably refuted by Hermann, who shows that the imperfect is inconsistent with comparisons. (Opusc., vol. ii., p. 49.) —r6vvro uEv ra irpCira KopraOCErat. A" At first, indeed, it is raised to a head in the deep," i. e., far out at sea.-a-cid di r' &cpag, /C. Ir. "' And rises, swollen, around the projecting points, and spits from it the foam of the sea." As regards the peculiar force of icvorT6 compare book ii., 218. eirradarepat Ktivvvro vwceuosg. ".Kept moving unceasingly, one after the other." —ovtv. l"To his own (troops)." —ol7y&v. "In si [ence " Consult note on book iii., 1, and Glossary on book iii., 95. -E=Teoeat. " \as following."-6et6t6rEC. " Reverencing," i. e., obeying. —Ta El/vot. "Arrayed in which." 433-438. so2Lvyrr[~ovof 6v6pbr Ev avai2?,. "In the courtyard of some man of great possessions." The Homeric avcb2 was an opea space, or court, around a building, the poet always using the term with reference to a place open to the air above. Hence Athenmeus'tp. 189, e) calls it ry6rot ivraiOptoC. (Terpstra, Antiq. Horn., p. 193.) — vpiat Ear7icaatv. " Stand countless in number. "-aiuey),6srleat. "Yielding." Literally, "getting milked." The reference, therefore, in I'el dEuEty6/aelvaL y2Lea is to what are called milch ewes.)xdXa evc6dv. The epithet here applied to ygac carries us back to the simple and natural forms of early language.-Tpier d'. Observe the anacoluthon here, the construction being broken off aftei these words and resurred at verse 436, when fc Tp'Xv uiiaA'Vr6f Neo'rl TO LOOK Iv. * r,, takes LhC plae of' Tpceg d', with which the s3ntenee cotmmene-ed. Compare book ii., 459. —&iar6o. " The war-cry." o0 y' rrvivr-v, K T..- "For the cry of all was not similar, neither the speech one." For the tumultuous noise in the Trojan army, compared with the steady silence of the Greeks, the poet himself here expressly accounts, ascribing it not to any inferiority in discipline, but to the variety of languages spoken among the Trojan allies, which made the delivery of orders, and acting in concert, works of difficulty. (Valpy, ad loc.) —roTxvfjrotA. "Call. ed from many a land." 439L445. ipase 6d roEVg iev tAper, x. r. XA. Mars, the god of War, and of the wild uproar of battle, sides with the Trojans, and urges them on to the fight; while Minerva, the goddess of Wisdom, and also of warfare conducted with coolness and calm deliberation, animates the army of the Greeks. —AeczS6 ra' 166 l656of, ic. r. X. "Terror, too, (urged them on), and also Rout and Strife insatiably raging." ['he three deities, or personifications, here mentioned, are the at tendants of Mars, the two former being his sons (Hes., Theog., 934), and the preparers and followers of his chariot (II., xv., 119), and Strife being his sister and companion (iraaevcyYvwry ~ripV re). The dlistinction between AeriLog and,66og appears to be this: Ae/tog is Terror; whereas o'6of is a deity who inspires a host with fear, and puts them, in consequence, to the rout. (Wolf, ad loc.) tlr' bAiyl (I1~v 7rpcdra KopoE-ratl, S. r. A. "Who raises her head, small, indeed, at first; but, afterward, she has fixed (that) head in the heavens, and stalks along upon the earth." Observe that 6Jiyq is not to be construed with opVcaaeral, but, properly speaking, is equivalent to oMyy ovaa. The idea which lies at the bottom of the noble figure given in the text is simply this, that strife commences from small beginnings, but eventually extends itself far beyond its original bounds. —ovpavp5 arnpltSe icdprq. The reference here appears to be, in fact, merely to height, like our English phrase of lifting or raising one's head to the skies. This idea, moreover, is carried out by the aorist (EaoGjpete), as indicating a rapid result, i. e., she has now, in a brief space of time, reached the very heavens with her head. On the other hand, falives refers merely to the continuance of a previous action, and therefore the present is employed. Longinus (Q ix.) passes a high eulogium on this line, calling it not more the mreasure of Strife than of Homer himself. Virgll also, has copied the passage in his celeb- sted description of Ru. motlr. (n., iv., 176.) —d) acv cat ros'e 7;. r. A. "She on twat nccasion ai.s. flung into the midst upor. them contention alike :320 NOTES TO BOOK lW. grievous (to all)," i. e., mutual contention. CoLsult note on line 315.-a-r6vov &vdpdv. "The groaning of men." 446-451. EC X C'-v Eva vvt6vre iKOVTO. "Meeting, they had reacned one (and the selfsame) place," i. e., had come into close collision. —u6v p' E6a2;ov pltvodc, S. r. A. "Together, thereupon, they dashed their ox-hide shields; together, too, their spears, and the might of warriors clad in brazen corselets.". Observe that juzve vdp(5pCv, in this connexion, is a Homeric periphrasis for tavTroi..(irap d7aride' 64uqa7doeacat. " But their bossed shields were brought near each other," i. e., into close contact. Observe that t7raVvr' is from 7re2icirw. (Consult Glossary, s. v.) The Homeric shield was made of wood, or wicker-work, covered over with ox-hides of several folds deep, and finally bound round the edge with metal. In the centre was a projection, called obepa%6~o, or eaopoa/dtov (the Latin umbo), which served as a sort of weapon by itself, or caused the missiles of the enemy to glance off from the shield. It is seen in the following wood-cut from the Column of Trajan. A spike, oi some other prominent excrescence, was sometimes pla;ced upoe the b6a6or, which was called the &r.sopotitov. wy re c Eit sbX'o;.,4 Both the wailing and the exultation.' XtvUYrwv Te Kat b2tvu1dv.. "' Both of the destroying and the getting destroyed." NOTES TO BOOK IV. J2I 3S2-456. XetjapClotL 7oraTojt. "(Two) winrte'.owing streawmi,",mountain streams, or torrents, swollen by rain and melted snow -- tcar' opet. "' Down from the mountains.-' The same as ica'?p'uv. —Ecr cay('yKctav C~v/6daerov, K. r. A. " Cast together into a nommos. basin their impetuous water, from great springs, within a hollow ravine." Observe in this passage a plural nominative (arc,'a/uoi) construed with a dual verb (av/a6ad2.erov). A dual verb is Doined with a plural subject when the persons or things signified oy the plural are spoken or conceived of as so opposed or arranged as to form a pair or two pairs. In the present instance, the mountain streams are compared to two combatants, or two rival hosts. (Kihner, ~ 388, 1, p. 40, Jelf.)-auctayciyKctav. This term properly denotes a place where several mountain glens (ay7cxi) run together and mix their waters, or, in other words, a meeting of glens.-apagdps'. By xapidpa is here meant a deep gully, rift, or ravine, sucb as are common in mountainous countries.-Trdv uayoLEdvWv iaxj a s ~06oc Tre. " The shouting and the dread of these mingled together," i e., the dread, or-terror, which they mutually inspired. 457-462.'Avr~TLoXor. One of the sons of Nestor, and the friend of Achilles. His valour is often commemorated. Compare book v., 580; vi., 32.-Tpd&ouv ce2ev'vdpa Kopvar77j2. "Slew a helmeted warrior of the Trojans." The verb alp&F has often, in Homer, the mneaning of "to slay."-Oaavc(uTdy1v'ExCrwov. " Echepolus, son of Thalysius." —T6v P'. " Him, I say." Observe the explanatory force of /6, like our English " namely." —0Cadov. " On the metal ridge." Consult note on book iii., 362. Observe that daov is the accusative of the part, and r6v of the whole. Consult note on book i., 236.-7 —r:e. "He fixed (his spear)." —'p7aue 6' 5V' OTGov,, Kr. r. 2 " And the brazen point, moreover, penetrated within the bone." Literally, "went through the bone inward." Observe, therefore, that the accusative 6ariEov in no way depends on Etao. —rvv 66 auKOr. OGC 6a K(LV2VEV. "And darkness enveloped him in his eyes.' The accusative, again, of the whole and the part. —ds 6re 0 r7pc. "As when a tower (falls)." Supply Vpt7re. 463-465. 7ro&dv iE'a6e. " Seized by the feet." The genitive of part. - XaXKo6sovIrtddlTf. "The son of Chalcodon."-'A6dvrov. Y'he Abantes here referred to camne from Eubcea. Compare book il., 536:-.-re 6' v7r' E iceZLEv eatyuvog. "And was dragging him from out of the reach of the darts, with eager striving." In poetry we often find two prepositions together, whereof' the first is always adverbial; the second is followed by the case of the substantive. This is not a mere pleonasm, but gives a poetic fu'lness to the e.Y 322 NOTES TO BOOK 1\. mress:nOa. (Kiillher,. 640, 3, p. 276, Jelf.) —65pa 1 c A t'r arev'XeSa gaAraeLP. WMe often see a conqueror pursuing the custom of spoiling an enemy of his arms, after he has slain him, with such eagerness as if he looked on his victory as incomplete till this poin':was gained. The great value and scarceness of armour, in that early time of war, was probably the cause of this practice. It afterward became a point of honour, like gaining a standard from an enemy. IThey prererved them as monuments of victory, and consecrated them in the temples of their tutelary divinities. (Valpy, ad loc.) 466-472. eivvwvOa 6d oh yrve6''pjli. " The attempt, however, was only) for a short time unto him," i. e., was made by him only for a short time. Observe that o6pjc here refers to the first start, or move, in an undertaking.-velcphv y7p "P' bplrovra, s. r.?.. The construction is, peydOvyo'o yap'Ayjvcop 16yv (ar'rv, i. e.,'E;rEvona) epveovrI Ia vepp6v. —r,2evpa, rc oi Kxcpavr, K. T. A. "In the side, -w hich was exposed to view from his shield unto him as he stoop-'d," i. e., as he bent down to drag away the corpse, he lowered his shield and exposed his side to view. Observe that 7rap' adrt(doc means, in.fact, from the covering or protection of his shield.vaTr(7 XaSXCfpe. "With his brass-fitted polished spear."-zLaCe de y Za. " And relaxed his limbs (in death)." The phrase v'etv yvia properly applies to any weakening, but especially (as always in Homer) to death.-r —v /bv. Elephenor.-nir' acr6 d6' ppyov, IC. r. i. "But over him a fierce battle arose." Literally, "an arduous work was performed." —i6vorcXt'ev. "Hurled back." Literally,'swung," or "flung about;" and thus, from the idea of flinging.bout, comes that of hurling away, or driving back, an opponent. The verb, therefore, very forcibly depicts the struggle that took )lace for the corpse, each party alternately driving back the other. 473-479. viov. Observe here that the diphthong vt is shortened:n the body of this word before a following vowel. (Consult Anthon's Greek Prosody, p. 4.)-TeXa~pnvog. " The Telamonian." The rreater Ajax, the son of Telamon, is so called, for distinction's ake, from Ajax the son of Oileus. — 0eov Oatep6v. " The blooming outh." — tloetcntov. As this is an unusual name, the poet proceeds to explain its origin. —rreit a TOKECVtV, K. -. A. "When, name. ly, she followed along with her parents to visit their flocks." Ho mer, both here and on other occasions, employs the simple infin itive without bare. —oMid ToIcevCtv &peirrf;a, K. r. [.v "But hIP paid not to his parents the price of early nurture," i. e., he. rendered. not in his parents the return due to them for their iearing of him. Aco NOTES TO BOOK IV. 3%3 eoding to Grecian ideas and customs, this ret ll n % asi to be made by supporting and cherishing them in their old age. 480-483. TpCiJrov ydp tutv 1i6va, K. iT. t. "For he struck him the.rst, as ne advanced, on the breast, near the right pap." As regards the double accusative, j/uv.... a7r0oo, consult note on book i., 236.-a-vrtKpi) V'. " Quite through." Consult Glossary on book iii., 359. —ayetpor cfi. " Like a poplar.". —- la r''v ealuEvp?, IC. 7. A "Which, namely, may have been growing in the moist grass land of some extensive marsh." The ordinary text has we.r6eCL, which Hermann decidedly condemns, " imperfecti enim, quodque eoderm redit, plusquampeifecti usus in talibus locis plane monstruosus foret, quippe zuo certa procteriti temporis pars designaretur." (Opusc., vol. ii., p. 44.) He therefore suggests 7resK.c, which we have accordingly adopted, though opposed by Spitzner. —eiautev,.. We have followed Buttmann in giving this word the smooth breathing. (Consult GOlossary.)' It appears to denote a piece of moist grass land, a meadow, or pasture, such as is generally seen around a morass (hence, in Homer, it is always Ecatenr Ee0so), where poplars grow,; and innumerable herds feed; while later poets (as Apollonius, iii., 1202, and Demosthenes the Bitbynian, in Steph. Byz., s. v.'Hpaia) call also by this name tracts of land which are flooded, in which, however, we see that the ground of this latter usage is still the same idea of a low pasture land, sometimes entirely under water, and sometimes a green meadow. (Bzttmnann, Lexil., p. 326, ed. Fishlake.) 484-488.;e[d, crap re, K. T. 2. "Smooth, yet branches also have grown upon the very top of it." The point of the comparison here has been well given by Hobbes, as quoted by Pope. " Homer," he remarks, " intended no more, in this place, than to show how comely the body of Simolsius appeared as he lay dead upon the bank of the Scamander, straight and tall, with a fair head of hair, like a straight and tall poplar, with the boughs still on-; and not at all to describe the manner of his falling." —tdpparor?7yg cavi p. "A charlot-maker." Literally, " a chariot-compacting man."-'-era, u'. " Has cut down, as he is wont." The aorist is here employed to indicate what one is wont to do in the course of his daily avocations. The same idea occurs in KtU/#1p), immediately following. —ofpa truv'ucppp. " That he may bend (it) as a felloe." Literally, "that he may bend a felloe." The felloe was commonly made out of some flexible and elastic wood, such as poplar, or the vrild fig, which was also used for the rim of the chariot. Heat was applied in order to,roduce the requisite curvature. The felloe was, however, com 1r 4 NOTES TO BOOK I V. posed of separate pieces, caLed arcs (abSide). Hesiod evldently Is tended to recommend that a wheel should consist of four pieces (Op., 426.)-'Av0eG ddv. "Son of Anthemion." (Compare lins 473.) The more usual epic form would be'Av0 0etcowvcd6. 489-493. roi 6'. Referring to Ajax. As regards the emptIoy. ment of the genitive here, consult note on line 100. —icae' Auov. "Through the throng."- -fea2 cet.'"Struck." The pluperfect is employed here to denote rapidity of action. Consult note on b3ok i., 221, and compare Bernhardy, Wissen., Synt., p. 380.-f-ov6Civa' In the groin." —vtvv. The corpse of Simoisius. —iu/6' a&-,& "Upon it," i. e., upon the corpse of Simoisius. 494-501. -roi (B7otcrra/cvoto.'- On account of this one having been slain." Aorist middle participle with a passive meaning. As regards the genitive here employed, consult note on book i., 429.KIecopvfO/'voS asOort Xaltci. "Arrayed in flashing brass." Observe that CopV6ao here refers to the entire equipments. —ar 68e' i2;' eyy/v izr. "And going very near, he took his station (there)."aouti e 7ra-rrivag. "Having looked carefully around him." Observe that 7ra7r7afivo here denotes to look with a careful and inquiring eye, in order to select some fit antagonist. Compare note on verse 371 V' —r K'edJovro. "Recoiled before him." Literally, "beneath (him)," i. e., beneath his terrific appearance.-'A6vd6Oev. "From Abydos." The reference is to the Mysian city of this name, on the Asiatic coast of the Hellespont. According to one of the scholiasts, Priam had a stud here, which Democoon superintended.-crap' hr wr(v,chtcriv. "From the fleet mares," i. e., from keeping the fleet mares. 502-504. KOpaOY. "On the temple." Consult note on book i., 236. —. d' i -TEpoo, 1j.'.. "But it, the brazen point, passed through the other temple."-7-0v 6s ac6irot,.. T-. A. Repeated from verse 461. —dovrn7aev de wreeav, c. r. X. "-lie made a heavy sound as he fell, and his arms clanged upon him." It is impossible to do justice, in our language, to the onomatopieias in this verse. Any attempt of the kind would onlN terminate in the ridiculous, as in the following version by a French scholar: " 11 fit doup en tombant, et ses armes firent ara sur lui." (Class. Journ., vol. i., p. 220.) Nei. ther must we fall into the singular error of the author of the Trea. tise on the Poetry of Homer (ed. Barnes, vol. i., p. 33, 5 6), who supposes that Homer himself invented such forms as 6ovwdo,'tpa d6, &c., which, before his time, had no existence in the langlage! 505-508. X(5jp7cav bir'. "Gave way befobre him." C insult note can verse 497, —-'ApyeotE 6~' tpya iaxov, pvaaPvro. 1, r A. )bservm NOTES TO BOOK IV. a2i that the fin i. syllable in t6ya is preserved from elis 3n by the dig gamma in FiaXov, and is then lengthened by the arsis. The final syllable in laxov is also lengthened by the position made with the digamma in FepVcavro. —uvcaav de 7roXV rp)or0ow. " And they pressed right onward, far more in advance." - -lepyCdov ic KcartdMS. " Looking down from the citadel of Troy." By the II)pyauo is meant the citadel, or acropolis, of Troy, where Apollo, the steadfast guardian deity of the Trojans, had a temple. (Compare book v., 446). In place of the common reading tkKarceldv, we have written nK separately, with Wolf and Spitzner, and have given it, with the latter, the accentuation of a preposition after its case.-TpdearnG 6H icK/Cer' achaag. "And having shouted out, he called unto the Trojans." 509-516. opvvaO'. "Arouse ye," i. e., up and be doing. —ued' elicere XdpurlC'Apyelott. "-Nor yield the battle to the Greeks." More literally, " nor shrink from the fight for the Greeks." —Eret os 7t1, K. r. t. The construction is En7re orI earl aot XpWr ~0iof od68 gidpog. Observe that aop Xp6w is here " their flesh." —dvaqxEaUat. " To hold out against." Equivalent to sdare avaxeaOaL.-P-a02oua. votlav. "When struck." —ob idav oi6d'. "Nor indeed." —ricaet.'He broods over." sKVdiarg Tptroyvelta. "Thle most glorious Trito-born." An epl thet of Minerva. (Consult Glossary.)-O-Ot EieOtvrac ieOrTO. "Wher ever she saw them relaxing." Observe the peculiar force of 60i with the optative, and consult note on book ii., 188. 517-526. Ev0''Alzapvyiceidbv Atfpea, K. r. 2. "Then Fate shack. led Diores, son of Amarynceus." Observe here the peculiar propriety in tnai employment of eiwdiyaev. The verb properly means to shackle or fetter the feet, and Fate impedes for him the movements,of existence, just as the blow inflicted on the ankle stops his physical progress.-Xrepead[i. This is generally supposed to mean a tiand-stone, that is, one thrown by hand, not from a machine; but the derivation from Xedp, to support this meaning, is very doubtful. It is better to refer the term to a stone generally. -'IG6paaidsc. - Son of Imbrasus."-Ativ60ev. "From.,inus.".Enus was a city on the coast of Thrace, at the mouth of the estuary formed by the. River Hebrus. XAae avatdok uXyptr a dZolauEv. " The reckless stone entirely.rlshed." Observe the peculiar propriety of the epithet ilvatdbf, as indicating a missile that heeds not the suffering which it inflicts Some, with less correctness, give it here the d~gnification of "mon t'rous." —5 J'.. But the other." —SC 5'. " The one, namelly, who. E E N2 OTES TO BOOK IV. -14 d cpa r Tat,. r. R. A. nd thereupon all his bou els gusisvt. forth upon the ground." More litemally, " poureA themselves fo7 th'' Observe the alliteration here in Xyvro Xaeai Xo`de2c, the sound being intended as an echo to the sense. 527-536. 06ar. Compare book ii., 638.-ie7rEaajevog. The common reading is Lreemav/evov, which Spitzner retains; but Ereruvtuevof, the conjectural emendation, is decidedly preferable. As Pirous was occupied in transfixing Diores, he did not rush on, but Thoas. Some editions, again, beginning with that of 1542, have aisreaajemvov; but a7reaim/xevov refers to one departing, which cannot. be said of Pirofis, for he received the wound in his breast.Uyx;ipo`6v ol. "Near to him."-i-pv6aaro 6e. "Then he drew."'rc 6' atvvro 9v/O6v. " And took from him life." OVf ctr/dvae. "He did not strip off." Compare note on verse 465.- dcp6oco/ zot.. " The hair-crowned," i. e., with hair on the crown; an epithet of the Thracians, who either tied up their hair in a top-knot, like the ancient Germans, and sonie of the Tartar tribes at the present day, or else shaved all their head except the crown, like some of our North American Indians. The latter, most probably, is the more correct explanation.-Gurso aeiwev. "From them." o6 6& aaxc'evoq rre`RetiXOi. " But he, having given ground, was driven back," i. e., retiring, was repulsed; or, as some explain it, wrEaeutxeX0t caveX(pv6ae, i. e., having been repulsed, retired. Observe that're2.e/,uy81 literally means " was shaken." 537 —544.'E7retiv. The.Etolians, whom Thoas had commanded. belonged to the stem of the Epei. —vea KEv oVKcrt Epyov, Ro. r.. " At that time, a man having come in, would no longer have found fault with the action. —r' c6237rot Kai alvoerraror gi' xae2K. "' Stil. free from distant blows, and free from strokes at hand with tht sharp brass." Observe the distinction here between W6Zuro~ ant:VO7raroC. (Wolf, ad loc.)-dtvevot. " Should stroll about." —aeSrdp " And." This particle here is rot intended to mark any opposition but rather to connect more closely. (Stadelmann, ad loc.) f3i&Esw epworv. "The rush of the dar's." —rwoxoi y7'p Tp3wv, x. r. X. Thij and the succee(ling verse.ar'e y probably the taste lesF adclitie~ at some rhamasodi.st. NOTES ON THE FIFTH BOOK ARGUM ENT. THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF DIOMEDE. mIOMmEV,,ssisted by Minerva, performs wonders in this day a Pattle. Panidarus wounds him with an arrow; but the goddess cures him, and enables him also to discern gods from mortals, but prohibits him fiom contending with any of the former, excepting Venus. ZEneas joins Pandarus to oppose him, Pandarus is killed, and A,3neas is in great danger, but is saved by the interventron of. Venus, who, however, as she is removing her son from the fight, is wounded on the wrist by Diomede. Apollo seconds her in the escue, and at length carries olff-Eneas to Troy, where he is healed in the temple of the god in the Pergamus. Mars rallies the Trojans, and assists Hector in making a stand. In the mean time,.2Eneas is restored to the field, and the Trojans overthrow several of the Greeks; among the rest, Tlepolemus is slain by Sarpedon. Juno and Minerva descend to resist Mars; Minerva incites Diomede to go against that god; he thereupon wounds him, and sends him groaning to heaven. The first battle continues through this book. The scene is the same as in the former. 1-4. ev0' av. "Then, moreover." —Tvsded, Ato/zi'de. Diomeoe is ti-e hero of this book. The reproof, which he had received from Agamemnon in the previous book, seems to have fired his resent ment, and to have prompted him to the performance of his wondrous actions as here detailed, and which are, in fact, an answer to that reproof. (Valpy, ad loc.) —-/ivo K~acd Jdpao.."Might and daring." —16l' potro. "And might bear off for himself."-dati ol. " She lighted up for him." The gleams of light that flash forth from the helmet and shield of Diomede are regarded by the poet as streamings of material fire kindled up by the goddess herself' The foolish criticism of Zoilus, wvho blamed Homer here, becau.s bis hero himself would have been burned by this fire r is unwvo:.hv 3v2&8 NENOTES TO BOOK V. of notice, and by no means required the grave refutation oi Eusta thius. —dcida-rov rr-p. "An untiring fire," i. e, unceasing, inex haustible. 5-8. (zoTar' brwOp1vu. "To the star of summer." The dog-stai is meant; called also Sirius (Zeiptog), whose rising marked the be. ginning of wredpa. By 0nrcpa was meant the part of the year be. tween the risings of Sirius and Arcturus, or, in other words, from the middle of July to the middle of September. This would answer in some degree to our dog-days. It is wrong, therefore, to render oi)rptv,) here "auctumnal," as some do, since the bTrSpa was the proper season for both the field and tree fruits to ripen. (Compare Ideler, fiber d. Kalenldar d. Griech. u. RSm., p. 15.) —ratfaeivae. "Shines in every direction." Some read rapopaivltc, without the t subscript, as a pres. indic.; but consult Glossary. —2e;,2ovevof'U2ieeavoo. "After having been bathed in Oceanus." By having been bathed in Oceanus is meant to be expressed the apparent rising of the star out of the sea, at which period it is brightest. As regards the Homeric Oceanus, consult note on book i., 423.-.'2 leavodo. Verbs of bathing, washing, &c., often take a genitive in poetry, and especially in the Epic language. (Kiihner, vol. ii., p. 182, Germ. ed.)-cipue 6d gtv. "And she urged him on." —oe ir2es9rot K0Loveovro. "Where the greatest numbers were in commotion." 9-13.'v b6 rtl, a. r. X. The poet first proceeds to relate the encounter of Diomede with the sons of Dares.-Aipr7g. It is absurdly pretended by some of the ancient writers that this Dares wrote an Iliad, or history of the Trojan war, in prose; and 2Elian assures us (V. H., xi., 2) that it still existed in his day. There can be no doubt that A2lian was deceived, and that the work to which he refers was the composition of some sophist of a much later age. A Latin work exists at the present day under the name of Dares, and on the subject of the Trojan war, but it is a production of the twelfth century. —dv de6 ol vlgeE'rTryqv. On this union of the dual and plural, consult note on book iv., 452.-,ucdXy rci'e. "In every Kind of fighting," i. e., either at close quarters or from a distance.-. T oL ta'rOKptZ0EVrTE, K. r. A. "These two, having been separated (from the throng of their companions), rushed forward full against him." Bentley, offended at the hiatus after nroicptvvOdvre, proposes arroKptvOivreg, but Evavriw following after is an argument in favour of the dual; and, besides, examples of a similar hiatus not unfre. quently occur in Homer. Compare note on book iv., 91.-6~' 1r,,,onnv. "Frori their two horses," i. e., fion, thla- two-lhorsr c.1ar NOTEIS TO BOOK V. 329 tot." —6 6' t:-o 0ovbg Wpvvro E'. "While he (Ihomede, fiom the ground, made the attack on foot." 14-26. oi d' 6ore dO, K. r. A. Repeated from book iii., 15.- -Trpole do2u;t6c5tov yXog. Repeated from book iii., 346.-ViJ7repof. "Next." -To'&oxetpJ6. "From his hand."-juzeraljitov. "Between the paps." -- Xe. (; Thrust him," i. e., hurled him.-a-rr6pove. "Rushed off.".lrpt67vat U6e3QeJo KTra/evoto. "To defend his slaughtered broth. e." Literally, " to go around," "to walk round," as those did who tried to guard a dead body, or to defend in general. Compare note on book i., 37. —ovd yap ogdd Kev aer0gS, I. r.?. "For not at all would even he himself have escaped black death." Observe the repetition of oveid, to give more emphasis to the negation. (Kiilhner,, 747, i., p. 357, Jelf.)-a-&'' "Hoatarog Epvro. Observe that in place of El?' we have Cd2L, with an adversative clause. (Thiersch, ~ 334, 3, a.) The poet makes Vulcan interfere to save the son, because the father was a priest of his. —vvKrt. "With darkness," i. e., with a dark cloud, or with darkened air.-co-: d ol / rra-yXv, Ic. T. X "I' n order, namely, that his aged servant might not be utterly distressed." More literally, "his old man," i. e., his aged priest. 27-35.- Ze.v(zeUvov. "H1taving kept far away (from the encounter)." —cap' xe'rwov. "Beside his chariot." Observe that X aoezv Is here for 6X ct. - -,datv bpfiv0 1ivu6t. "The spirit of all was staggered."'-'ApeC,'ApeK, pporo7oty)'6, K. r. 2. " Mars, Mars, Tnan slaying, blood-stained, stormer of cities." Observe that retXECT7r)yra strictly means " Approacher of walls." As regards the quan. tity of the first syllable in'Apec, consult remarks on page 289.6poro0o7 t;YE. This epithet and the others that follow are intended, in fact, as honorary ones, and are meant to characterize the movements and feats of a warrior.-oaK dc v 6x r daa/eqv. " Could we rnot now leave."-'-/uipvaocat. " To contend among themselves." Observe the force of the middle. d7rororpoo t. " For which of the two." The same as, " in order that we may see for which of the two." —vCi de xaOjlczeaOa. " And shall we two retire." The subjunctive is here employed to express a question that is thrown out for mutual deliberation, and forms what grammarians term conjunctivus deliberativus. (Kidhner, t 417, p. 72, Jelf.) —AtlC 6' aate6i/eOa r)mltv. Jove saw with displeas. ure the gods taking part in the war, because this interfered with his promise to Thetis, and his settled resolve, based therecn, to avenge the wrongs of Achilles. 36-42. en-' i'6evre cajezivdp9. " On the grassy Seamander," i. e.., on the banks of the Scamander winding through grassi meads E K 2 330 NOT'ES I'0 BOOK 7. Ve have giver. S letL the mea ning of "grassy," i..i accoi dance a i;;ke explanation of Buttmann; thus making it a very suitable e)Di aet for the Scamander, which flowed through the-grassy plains o, Croy. Thither Minerva led ti ars, and bade him seat himself, or iacount of the softness and agreeableness of the situation. It was not intended by the poet that he should place himself on a hill E,rder to overlook and watch the battle, and therefore'?iieqL cannot mean, as some think, "high-banked." If such an elevated situation had been in Homer's mind, the high banks of the Simois offered him just such a one, in a site equally delightful, and where we af. terward see the gods and Mars actually seated. (II., xx., 151.Buttmann, Lexil., p. 324, ed. Fishlake.) Tpdao d' Ec2Lotvav Aavaoi. "Thereupon the Greeks made the Tro lans give way." Observe the force of the particle de, as referring to the withdrawal of Mars from the fight. With EK7tZvav we may supply ei ~V6yv.-EeI aivdpa. "Slew his man." Compare book iv., 457.-'AZ.t6vJv. Consult Glossary.-'Odiov. Compare book ii., 856. —rpdrT y7(p aTpeOivrTt, i. r. X. "For in his back, being turned the first (in flight), he fixed a spear." More literally, "unto him turned first."-T7i5O9a0tv. For afrqiov. Compare oXEcotv, in verse 28. —6ov7r71aev de6 irEOv, KI. r. A2. Repeated from book iv., 504. 43-48. MaovoC viOv Bdpov. "5 Son of the Mwonian Borus." Observe that "Maeoni-an" is here the same as "Lydian." Consult note on book iii., 401; and compare, also, book ii., 864. —TdpvTr According to the scholiast and Strabo (ix., p. 633), Tarne was a Lydian city, the same with whht was called, at a later day, Sardis Others, however, as, for example, Steph. Byz. and Hesychius, make Tdpv7 to be shortened from'Ardpv7y. Atarne was a city of,4ysia, opposite to Lesbos. The first explanation, however, is the morre correct one. —t7rrwv. For &pyaro~. —ltv E;tev. i" Seized him." — eaLEuov. "Stripped." Compare note on book iv., 465. 49-52. sKalYzvdptov. "Scamandrius." A proper name, like >t:q~sioor, book iv., 474. —ai/ova 9Opyg. " Clever in the chase." The srm al'av should always have the rough breathing. Compare.'tym. Mal'g., 35, 21; Apoll., Lex. Hom., 54; Orion, 5, 24. —EiXey bvd-'r. "With his sharp spear." We have followed here the auaority of Apiol, the grammarian, as cited by Apollonius in his Hojeric Lexicon, according to whom bv6detf is only a poetic form for oC6'.' Some, however, render'yxEiZ 6v6evrt, "with his beechen imear,"' others,'"with his thorn-wood spear," and derive the epi-'met o6'6EItc from tSva, or h'imi, a species of tree - according to sone, NOTES TO BOOK. V.. 33 teo,hi; according to others, a kind of thorn.-dldaSe ydp AptE,6/e avra. WaThoever excels in any art or vocation is, accoiding to Itolneric ideas, taught by the deity who presides over that employ ment - 6dypta. Supply SXa. —TdrT. "And (those) which." TheLatin quxeque. 53-58. xpa~c/l' AApreut ioxeatpa. "Did Diana, the arrow-queeln, prove of any avail." The epithet ioXlatpa means literally, "Ishe who delights in arrows." This is far preferable to the signification which some assign, namely, "' pouring, or showering arrows," as if it. came from 16g and XeO, s" to pour."-EKv6oXiat. " His skill in shooting afar."-EKiiaaro. "He had excelled." -rp6oVev 16ev. "Before him." Observe that edEv is for ovi, i. ce., Eavrov.-d-jzwi. ueeC1yv:, tc.o r. A. Repeated from verse 41. —(cp6pE ae TEXE', R. r... Repeated from book iv., 504. 59-63. Myptebv6y. Consult note on book iv., 254. —r&-rovoC viov'Appoview. "The son of the artificer Harmonides."-ilv Xepoat ewrcraro, K. T. A. The reference, here is to Phereclus, not to his father. It was the former that built the vessels of Paris, and hence the expression, Pherecled puppe, employed by Ovid in speaking of the ship that conveyed the Trojan prince to Greece. (Her., xvi., 22.)-d-aida2a irer'vra 7reyetv. " To fabricate all kinds of ingenious works." —,oxa y5p #tcv E0iAaTo, IC. T. XT. Compare note on verse 51. -Argus, the builder of the Argo, was also beloved by Minerva, and received instruction from her. (Apollon. Rhod., i., 19.) In the Grecian mythology, Minerva and Vulcan are said to have invented the mechanical arts, and to protect artists. (Hom. Hymn., in Vulc.Plat., Leg., xi., p. 617.) Hence Minerva received the surname of g'Epycel, and skilful artists were said to be the peculiar objects of her favour. —viag ieaad. Consult note on book i., 306. 64-68. ol r' acr,. " And to himself," i. e., the builder himself erew. ovir &eSv, ic. r At. " Since lie did not at all understand the oracles from the gods." W'e have given lec here, with Spitzner, the accentuation of a preposition after its case, on the authority of Apollonius (de Pronom., 313, A). As regards the whole line itself, Knight regards it as spurious, and an interpolation of the later rhapsodists. Txe Cyclic poets, it seems, made mention of an oracle given to the Trojans by Helenus and Cassandra, according to which they were directed to follow agriculture, and not navigation. This oracle was aimed, of course, at the future expedition of Paris. (Compare Proclas, Trept rTv Kv7rp[cav teyoqvev Tro&upciiro-v. Hephest., Gaisf., p. 472.) It was to meet this post-Homeric legend that, the oresent line was probably interpolated. It implies that the h-iip. I32 INOTES T'SO T10 BOO0K. wright, who had built the fleet of Paris, is himself overtaken by di vine vengeance in this battle, though so long after the time.' de' &a7rpbO, K. r. A. " And the point went onward, through and through, quite under the bone, in the direction of the bladder.' Observe the force of the compound dta7rp6, so that 2vOe dtairp6 is the same as.irpoi2.vOe dd.-yvzi:. " On bended knee," i. e., he fel forward on his knees. We always find this adverb joined with some part of iEplt7ev. 69-75. MeyrC. Leader of the Dulichians, or the forces from Dulichium, the principal island in the group of the Echinades. He is called below ~4vXte~.rC, or " son of Phyleus." Compare book ii., 625. —rv a. " Carefully." Equivalent, as the scholiast remarks, to Elrt#eZtdf.-0Ecav. Daughter of Cisseus, wife of Antenor, and priestess of Minerva. Compare book vi., 298.-tceoaX7 C craTr tviov. 1" On the hollow part of the back of the head." By iviov are properly meant the sinews between the occiput and the back; here, however, more generally, the lower part of the back of the head, the nape of the neck. —avrtKpv av' 66dvrac. "Quite through along the teeth."-pvxpbv 6' a-e, K. Tr. A. "And seized the cold brass with his teeth," i. e., as the spear passed through, the teeth con vulsively closed upon it. 76-84. EvpvrvXog. Leader of the Thessalians from Ormenium, a city in the district of Magnesia, near the shores of the Sinus Pelasgicus, and southeast of Demetrias.-wrepO/utov. 1" Of the highspirited."- /c aeSvd6pov ap717Tp ETrVKTCrO. "Was priest of the Scamander," i. e., of the god of the stream. The god of this stream was the father of Teucer, and therefore one of the progenitors of the Trojan race. Hence he was honoured with a temple in Troy (Apollod., iii.; 12, 1.) —Er7rvKcro. Literally, "had been made, (anstill continued to be)." Equivalent, in fact, to thevsimple " was,,' or imperfect of elli, a usage very frequent in Homer. —eg 6' 3dc, K r. XA. This hyperbolical language is merely intended to denote thai he was held in the highest veneration by the people. Observe that rtero is here equivalent to Trqtufaro. eria6poldu6dv EUaoa' )/lov. 1" Running after, smote on the shoulder."-6r& d6':Ecae. "And lopped off."-ea caro6eaa d Xeip, K. r A. Virgil has expressed an idea somewhat analogous to this in his "te decisa uumrn, Laride, dextera quarit," (,AEn., x., 395), but his image is far less natural than that of Homer.-7ropSpeoo 3a6varo7r. " Purple death," i. e., blood-red, and said of death in the field of Dattle. Some, with less propriety, make 7ropodpo~r equivalent here simplT to ueac. (Compare Passow, s. v.) Virgil has imitated tlds NurES 1' BOOK V. O33 hls "purpurearm animasn," " the purple tide of life.' (gna, ix.,,49.) 85-88. Tevde~dv 6' oilc 6v yio[tV, A. r. ". "d But you would noi have known the son of Tydeus to which side he belonged," I. e you would not have known to which side the son of Tydeus belonged. We have here a common Greek idiom, by which the noun, in place of being in the nominative, is put in the accusative and governed by the verb. The meaning of the passage is this, that Diomede was in every quarter of the battle-field, now here, nowv there; so that you could not tell, at first, to which side he belong'ed. —i 6,ulZEot. "Whether he was connected." More literally, "' whether he was keeping company." &Tve. 4 He rushed fast and filriou3."-Lu ireSdiov. For 6v 7red~o,. z. e., avL iredtov. Observe that in aic 7rediov the v has been changed into ju, before ir, by a well-known law of euphony respecting cognate letters; and, also, that aCv is an old form for avda, without any apostrophe. —7raOovrt. "Swollen." Not to be rendered "inundating," since 7rw7-0. is never transitive.-ne'ilaaca ye1pae. "Is wont to scatter the opposing embankments." Observe the force of the aorist in Elr6acrae.,-ye~vpag. The term -vfEvpa is employed here in its primitive signification of an embankment or dam, a meaning which Pindar also applies to it when he calls the Isthmus of Corinth xr6vrov yg~vpav. (Ncm., vi., 67.) Some commentators give yeorpac here the meaning of I" bridges;" but this is at variance with the idea implied in icxav0datv, in the succeeding verse, and, besides, is a post-Homeric signification. (Compare note on book iv., 371.) 89-94. roiv 6' odlr' fip, K. r. A. "1lAnd this, thereupon, neither the strongly-secured dams restrain." The scholiast explains eEpy,uavat by vreptpayttcvat, Oacfataluyivat. The idea intended to be expressed is that of dams strongly secured by timbers and buttresses, and well fenced against inundations.-odr' 7epa epKea, K. T. A. "Nor, thereupon, do the fences of the richly-blooming cultivated grounds check it." K6ppen understands here by ipKea, dikes or dams, but this is rather the meaning of yd7vpat. The true idea implied by pKtcea, in the present passage, is that of enclosures, fences, or walls. — acuaOv. Commonly rendered ", gardens;" but the term aE&ar tias a more extensive signification, and means any levelled plot of ground, sown or planted, a garden, orchard, vineyard, &c. - or rG'6p,.ic Atlo L6por. " When the rain-storm of Jove shall have fallen heavily upon it," i. c., the rain-storm f-om on high. Horner and Hesiod always employ /6epof in the sense of a stor-ll (i D z 9 334 NOTE8S TO BOOK v lain with thunder, being thus distinguished from oer6c, or otnLmona rain..,o0a & dir'' avTov~, S. r. A. "And many fair works of men in tie vigour of youth are accustomed to fall by it." By pya ait'5v are nere meant the various labours of husbandry, &c. Compare Virgil (Ain., xiL, 496), " torrens sternit agros, sternit sata ieta, boumnqu, anbores."- -oveopro. "Were thrown into disorder." 95-101. AvKlcovog vitF. Pandarus. Compare book iv., 93. %Atovovra. "'Driving in confusion." —76ra. Homer, like Herodo tus, is fond of using the plural of this word for the singular; the more especially as the Homeric bow was of two pieces of horn, joined by the 7rrxvr in the middle. —rvxov icara dEftov Laov, ic. r. X. "Having struck the cavity of the corselet on the right shoulder.' The wound was inflicted on the front part of the shoulder, where it joins the breast,' and where, of course, there would be something of a hollow, or cavity, beneath the plate of the corselet. The corselet here referred to is the To6paz orrkdloC or aTar6t, so called because, when placed on the ground on its lower edge, it stood erect. It.,onsisted principally of two plates of iron, the breastplate, cover. ing the breast and abdomen, and the corresponding plate, which covered the back. These two plates were united at the sides by means of buckles, &c. Homer always, in the Iliad, joins iprlrycoC yi7aaov, which some render, in general language, by'the hollow body-armour;" but we have preferred giving it here a more specific translation, for the sake of greater perspicuity. We might also render 06p7Kcor ycaPov, "I the plate of the corselet," and refer it to the breast-piece, since each plate was also termed y5a;Rov. (Pausan., x., 26, 2.) The first translation, however, is preferable.-acivrlpi de d&Caxe. " And held its way quite on." 102-111. KtvTopef lmrrv. Compare book iv., 391. —ovc E. Epic for ovd4E ar,6v. The allusion is to Diomede. —diO', if. e., (7Oa. "Long." —.vaoX7eaeaOa Kpaerepov Pieoc. Pandarus expresses the hope that the wound will soon prove mortal..-ei ire6v hte pirev, K. r. A. " If the king, the son of Jove, truly prompted me when haste;ing away Irom Lycia," i. e., if it were really the son of Jove, the royal Apollo, that prompted me to come to this war from my native Lycia. As the Muses are said to arouse the bard when he wishes to acquire glory by his strains, so here Apollo is said to prompt the archer-warrior to the war when the latter is anxious to signalize himnself in the battle-field. Apollo was the national deity of the Lycians, (Compare Virgil, En., iv., 143, seqq., and Hevne,.Excurs ad loc.) NOTES TO BOOK V. 333 oft 6duaaoav. "Overcame not," i. e., did not slay.-7rldraO' i7r7ro,,, Kai,i'ratLv. "In front of his two horses and his chariot," i. s., lm front of the two horses that-drew his chariot. Homer often joins these two words together. Compare book iv., 366, and xi., 198.~OeveXov. Compare book iv., 367.-o-pao. Compare book iv., 204. — rxrov Kawrav1Zd&l. "Kind son of Capaneus." The term 7rrKr6VO occurs here as a token of endearment; in the second book (v. 2351 it was employed as an appellation of reproach. 112-114. PEfog G cSKi, 6ta/xrep, to. r. A. "' He drew out the swift arrow quite through from his shoulder," i. e., he drew the arrow completely. out from the shoulder. —aqia d' dv7r6o6vr7te, K. r.;. "And the blood darted up through his twisted tunic," i. e.j twisted by spinning, or simply spun. According to Aristarchus, the poet means by aTrpEurrbg XLTrv a shirt of chain-armour, that is, made of flexible materials, like the lorica annulata of the Romans. This idea, however, though adopted by many commentators, seems hardly consistent with L)p7Vcop yvaaov, in verse 99, unless we give this latter expression a very general, and, of course, weakened meaning. It is better, on the present occasion, to explain Homer by means of himself, and to make the arpeTrrbT' Xtr6v here meant to be the same with those referred to in book xxi., 31, namely, a tu. nic, or vestment, of twisted or spun work, worn next to the skin, under the corselet. Thus, Heyne, in commenting on the latter pass. age, explains CarpETrroi xtr1veg as follows: "Videntur tunicc veslit menta esse e tortis filis texta:'XVTrvec' arperTv ipoiKcv." 115-116. Ki;l0i Lyo. "Hear for me." Observe that yoi is here the dative of advantage (dativus commodi), since icZav otherwise is joined with the genitive. The dativus commodi is joined with all verbs, to express that something is done for the sake, pleasure, honour, guidance, protection, safety, benefit, furtherance, &c., of some person or thing. (Kiihner, ( 598, p. 224, Jelf.) —aiytd6OtO Atbr 7iiKOg aTpVTc(Or). Repeated from book ii., 157. —Ei 7rorluot sKai rarpi, K. r. 2A. "If ever thou even stoodest by my father with friendly feelings," &c. Observe that Fot is here to be construed with -rap;pi iiterally, "the father unto me." Some render uoe Kai G rarp[, "i by me and my father," but this clashes with euE in the succeeding line 117-123. viv a.r' Eudi qtcat. "Now in turn befriend me." In the previous verse, Diomede alludes to the aid which Minerva had rormerly rendered to h's father Tydeus; and now he prays that the same assistance bl vouchsafed so himself. As he, thereIbre, stands opposed to his father, the emphatic form of the pronoun.et) is employed, not the ordinary form. In the succeeding verse, NOTES TO BOOK't however, where he refers to Pandarus, the unewnphat'c formi (Q;:s again usdd.-eatedv. "To ove-:take." The shorter scholia explains it by Ev xpeiv Xep x v. —cac - dp/o~v y xeog iOEOevL. "And to come within spear's length of him." Literally, " to come within the force of a (hurled) spear." Equivalent to EvrSf PEtPovf /tveracats, as Hesychius explains it. Compare Heyne: "ut ei venzam intra jac.. turz hastae." Some commentators, with less propriety, render the words in question, "! to come to an attack of the spear (with him). Observe, moreover, that there is no obarepov lrp6repov here, as some suppose, since ei2eTv has not, in the present passage, its usral Homeric meaning of " to kill." og aI' E6aLe Q0d0levog. "Who, having been before-hand with, wounded me," i. e., wounded me first.- / qoatv. We have given the correct accentuation here with Wolf. The common text has ue,seiv. —EXap6.'."Active " The scholiast explains it well by 6dsCtVV7a. 124-128. wni Tpect CL/,yccoeat. "Fight against the Trojans.' Observe that the infinitive stands here for the imperative. (Consult note on book i., 322.) The verb uXolat has usually the dative by itself. Homer, however, and other poets often add Ei-i to the construction, in order to mark more clearly the direction of the action. uevoC 7rarpdiov irpo1ov. "The intrepid spirit of thy sire." —aarE&a' Cog. " The shield-shaking," i. e., who brandished his shield against the foe. —i7r6ra.' Consult note on book ii., 336. —&aXviv 6' aV rot, c. A. a. "And, moreover, I have this instant removed for thee from thy eyes the cloud which before was upon them." Minerva, having a special task for Diomede to perform, invests him, for the time being, with the faculty of distinguishing even a god. According to the popular belief, as represented in the Iliad, no mortal could discern a deity if the latter were unwilling, since a cloud, or mist, rested on human vision in such a case, and prevented an ethereal visitant from being seen. In general, however, in theIliad, the gods are visible to every one, except when they surround themselves with a cloud.; in the Odyssey they are usually invisible, unless they take the forn of human beings. ULov. Observe here the force of the aorist in denoting an action which has just taken place. Observe, also, that the aorist is followed by the subjunctive ('ltyvdac( ), not by the optative. When the aorist has the force of a perfect, as in the present instance, the past action is considered as continuing and extending into present fire, and the dependent verb, therefore, refers to something pres-.nt or futune. (Kiihner. 4 306, 1, p. 415, Je!f.) —/eYv i9-ebv ijd d:I NOTES`O0 BOOK V. IS vlpat It nlust be borne in minr that this di'3.nguiahing vision of Diomrede was givbln him only foi the present occasion and service, in which he was employed by Minerva; for we find in the sixth book that, an meeting Glaucus, he is ignorant whether that hero be a man or a god. (Valpy, ad loc.) 129-134. 7r5 vv. " Therefore, now."-retpUzevog. "Makling trial oi (thee)," i. e., making an attempt against thee. Supply aoo.-aVtlKpV. "Against." —ttxEacOat. Infinitive, again, for the imper ative. So, also, ovrda/ev, in verse 132. —rvye. "This goddess, in deed." The allusion here to Venus is meant to be an emphatic one, either as designating a weak and unwarlike deity, or else one peculiarly hostile to the Greeks. 135-138. Kat rrpiv rrep icky5 tueuacr. "And though, before this, eager in soul." Observe here the anacoluthon in the nominative BetuaSc, when the regular construction would require t.euca6cra in ths accusative, agreeing with tdv. —utv L2,ev. 1" Took possession o' him." — yp ewrr' eipon'6ots boteactv, K. T. r. A" In the country, by hoa fleecy sheep, has wounded indeed, on having leaped over the enclosure of the court, but has not killed." Observe that xpavao properly refers to a slight wound, or graze. (Compare Ruhnk., aa Tim., Lex. Plat., p. 104.) We have here a very graphic compari. son, which has, however, in one part occasioned considerabkr trouble to the commentators. The scene represents a shepherd dwelling in the country (gyps), that is, at some distance from any town or village, and even from any neighbour. His dwelling, a simple hut (aratuo[i, compare Passow, s. v.), is surrounded by a courtyard or enclosure (aC6X), into which the flocks are driven every night for protection from wild beasts. The lion, however, leaps over the fence, or palisade, surrounding the a,2.O, and gets among the skeep. The shepherd, who has been aroused by the roaring of the animal while without the enclosure, takes his station in the dv2XO by his sheep, and wounds the lion the moment he has leaped over; but the wound proving only a slight one, the shep., herd, in alarm, retreats within his hut, and leaves his flock to the mercy of the savage animal. 139-143. rofi gv. Reterring to the lion.-oh rrpoSaj/uve.' He aids not (his flock)." Supply bteaatv.-d-cerat. "He retires." The verb has here, in fact, what appears to be its primitive meaning, he gets into," i. e., he hides himself in.-Td 6' p7ja. "And they, the deserted (sheep)." Supply irovua:-aci /ulv 7r' YXtc-tvat, ic. r. T. "' These, indeed, huddled together, are strewed one upon another." (%bserve that al refers here to otie, as implied in rai d' p/ta (%roi. F r S131i NOTES TO ROOK V. Vta)..es-avrap 6 pteliabf, K. T. X. This line has gtlre,. rcat trurts to the commentators, and with very good reason, since every reai. el of any taste must see that it spoils the image entirely. It rep. resents the lion as leaping out of the enclosure, sated with devour ing, and yet, in the very next verse, Diomede, who is typified by the lion, is described as rushing into the thickest of his terrifies foes The explanations given by the scholiasts are of no value whatever, some of them explaining e1a?,ETrat avn;tg (i. e.,'g iA2,2erat aei'XC) by:t o v av2 isi ai2.aeraL e7f r''vrtS, and others (among whom is Eustathius) making the preposition tE have nere the force of V~Trp. The truth-is, the whole line is a tasteless interpolation, as Heyne and Knight have maintained. pfao7C 6dA 2CeTat ae6ArX. " Springs fiom out the deep enclosure.' Observe that 3paOgvf here refers to tri high fence surrounding the 144-151. EEv,. "He slew." —rov 6' Erepov, K. T. X. "But him, the other of the two, he smote with his huge sword on the collarbone, near the shoulder."- Upya(ev. "He separated." -Ieae. "' He let be," i. c., he left lying there, i. e., without stopping to despoil them of their arms. - Iloakdov. Observe the long penult. Heyne and others read Ilo?;ekt6ov.-7rof OV/K epXolvot., KT. r. "For whom, at their departure, the old man did not interpret dreams." The ancients, as appears from the scholia and Eustathius, explained these words in various ways. The negative OV6 having usually been joined with -ror E'pXo eLvotr, has caused the whole ambiguity and difficulty of the line. We have adopted the explanation of Ernesti, with which Heyne and Voss agree. The meaning is, that the father, at their departure for the war, interpreted no dreams to them, gave them no warning voice and pre. diction against the fate that awaited them. (Valpy,, ad loc.) 153-158. Nr1u2vyrn7. Consult note on book iii., 175.-Enri icreaiea-cL ZtrnaOat. "To leave over his possessions." Observe that irrn here denotes the object or intent.-(nt/PorTep&J. "From both.>' Observe the double accusative, dependent on e'favvro, the effect pro. duced by the action implied in the verb being expressed by i&vftdv, and (tpeo-r9p& being the accusative of the patients, or objects, on whom that effect is exercised. (Kiihner, ~ 582, 1, p. 200, Jelf.) Zenodotus took offence at this double accusative, and wrote 1, toriptav; but without any necessity. —C voarjVaavre. Heyne writes &KvoartiaevTE as one word, which is very correctly condemned bv spitiner as unintelligible. The accentuation of 1fc has to he given mnoreover, in orde to avoid ambiguity.-t)Xpae ra 6 tc&a KTraLv da iNOTES TO BOOK V. 339 VOV7To "But collateral relations divided the property aiiLonA themselves." According to the scholiast, by Xnpa7Tra are meant ether hleirs, of the same gens, who inherit the property of a childless man: oi rtv Xipov oucov dtavso6,evot K;xpov06 foe. 159-1I5. A(i6e. "He seized," i. e., overtock.-Aapdavi6ao. "De acendant of Dardanus." Dardanus was a stranger-chieftain, son of, Jupiter and of Electra the daughter of Atlas, who settled in Troas, married the daughter of Teucer, and founded the city of Dardanus, at the foot of Mount Ida. He was the mythical ancestor of the r'rojans. Ilus and Assaracus were the offspring of his grandson Tros'; Laomedon was a son of Ilus, and Priam was a son of Laomedon. -'EXglu/uova. This is Wolf's reading, and is supported by NISS. authority. Heyne has'EXjutova, unsupported by MSS., and violating the analogy of the language. i avlXEva Zi,. " Is wont to break off the neck." —fvUoXov ICaTa 3ocacotevuowv. " Of those grazing in a thicket," i. e., where lions and other wild beasts are accustomed to have their lairs. —faoe Katci aKeovrac. " Miserably hurled against their will." Observe that plueis here transitive, and equivalent to the later Kare6i6aae. 166.-170. d- Zarnovra. 1" Laying waste." Observe that a&2iavwd's most commonly employed of the sacking of cities.-a-v uaoXv. " Through the fight." Observe that dc is here the old form for dvd. — KA6op vov ~yxEIv. " The tumultuous movemnent of the spears." — mEpe AvKdovof vi6v. Observe the asyndeton, and the air of rapidity which it purposely gives to the clause. 171-180. IroV rot. "Where hast thou?" i. e., what has become of.-r76' arvdo. He points, while saying this, to Diomede.-At; yeipa~'vace:Xv. He is to pray to Jove as the author of victory. — 6lart 66e E KpacTet. " Whoever this is that is prevailing."-yovivar Vi.vaev. Compare book iv., 469. —si e rtg Oe6g Eoarl. To be con nected in construction with verse 174, iCE pEaLof rd' cavdpi. — plv "' On account of sacrifices," i. e., that have been withheld. —rt., For u7reanT. Compare book i., 515. 181-187. utv E'iatKC. "Deem him like." —iatrrtd y7tyvacKtov, I. 7. T.' Judging by his shield and his visored- helmet." —idqa 6' OVA l16'. " And yet I do not know clearly." —e 6' y7' UOrVp, Ov 67#L/. "If. however, this is the man whom I speak of."-r(d6e. " In this way."' —ve/,0a eltVs, ocr dovrU. "'Wrapped round as to his shoul. ders with a cloud." Compare Horace, Od.,-i., 2, 31:" Nube can. dentes huneros amictus;" and consult note on verse 127. —8 TroVTro0 $1.od gIZ,, Kt. r... " Who turned away from this one, in anothei lirtmtion, the swift haft that reached him," i. e., turned it away ta ,3~0 NOTES TO BCO, e another part.of the body, where it would not prove rit'tal. ieylae and Damm construe i-ovrrov with KtcX7pevov, Gut icXivco has always the accusative in Homer, and roVTrov must be taken with &rpa7rev. 189-196. a'vTLKpV die. "Quite through." - yvdJoto. Compare verse 99.-g-ywy'.06?pnv. I, for my part, said to myself.". Observe the force of the middle. More freely, " I, for my part, thought."r';Oi(orLy. Consult note on book i., 3.- uark' d5'. " And yet, after all." —wErT KorT4i. "Is angry (with me)," i. e.,;s angry, and frustrates my efforts and skill. —o) rapaaut. " Are not present (to me)." —rTv K' Ertndainv. " Which I might mount."-r9irr2ot. "Coverings," i. e., to protect them from injury, as in the case of valuable articles of furniture, &c. —rapa d6 pitv tEKCda'. u "And beside them tbr each," i. e., beside each of them. cKpz XPevLOv eperroyevot, IC. r.;R. "Eating the white barley and corn." Under the name of white barley is probably meant what, in the Linnwean nomenclature, is termed hordeum vulg'are. On the oth. er hand, by 6avpat a kind of corn is signified; probably the Latin arinca. It seems, if not the same, very like'ed, or'eti, though often distinguished from that as well as from icpelO and 7rvpoct. 197-203. pE/v. "Of a truth indeed." Observe that /ev is here for?uv. —pXo,uvo. "When coming (to the war)," i. e., as I was setting out. —roe-roirate. " Well built."-TpSeuae. By Trojans are here meant, in fact, the forces which he himself led. Compare book ii., 824, seqq., and consult note on book iv., 90. —w2' aye oil TrL65ju7v. Not from motives of parsimony, as Eustathius explains it, bat because, in a city like Troy, beleaguered by the foe, he was afraid there might be a scarcity of fodder for his steeds. Compare verse 203.- - vdp6pv etio/Esvwv. "When men were crowded together." The reference is to Ilium.-etiO6Tref iEdeevat 66duv. " Accustomed as they were'to eat to satiety." 204-217. i7rov- Supply awbroilo, as referring to the horses.- ra,d!u' od aip' ItpeU22ov bviaeev. " But this, thereupon, was not about to prove of service to me," i. e., but this same bow was not destin. ed to aid me. Observe that 7r5 refers to T65otatLv.-Wl7t a. " I have discharged (a shaft)." Supply [e'2oc.-a'-peKcf aij/' Eiaeva Paye v "i caused to flow real blood, having wounded them." The expression ac/' IEaeva is the same, in fact, as eiro~tyaa alyCa raemecOa.kyei.pa 6 iitaX2ov. "But I (only) roused them the more." Supply airoS'. —:r).: "Therefore." —-tcaK, eaa,.." Through an evil destiny," i. e., in an unlucky hour. Compare book i., 418. —'peov Xdpts The same as XapteCoevo. ei 6d Fe Vor0Tj;Tw.': But if I shail perchance return."''he pa ti NOTES TU BOOK 1;Oufl ele Kc or icev,the prose av), when joined with thu future indicative. designates as only probable what the fuiture alone would declare,lecideldiy to;e about to happen. (Herm. Opusc.,- vol. iv., p. 28 s'eqq.)-i,)ear6i.. -"High-roofed." The forms 9i~Vpe~jgc and v'ip6 ooiog also occur, but 5l1peovc- and 4~ipo~oo are decided barbarisms. -- avri' bEretr' nr' iPelo, /t. A. "Immediately thel. upon may a man of foreign race cut off from me the head." By _aX216rpzcr 06j is meant, in fact, an enemy, just as the Romans first designated a stranger, and then an enemy, by the term hostis. (Compare Cic., Off., i., 12.) —el #u isyi Oe7v. "If I do not put." - Literally, "if I should not put.". The optative is not to be regarded as a solecism here, but is, in fact, the very mood that is required, and the whole clause is the same as saying, "' if I should not put my bow into the fire, &c.,- may some enemy cut off my head." (Compare Herm., Opusc., vol. i., p. 287, seqq.)-a-veyAtZa. "To no purpose." Neuter Alural of the adjective taken adverbially. 218-225. It' 6' ovibro cyo6peve. "Do not talk thus," i. e., do not say that thy bow is of no use to thee; thou canst yet effect much with it, if thou wilt only go with me in a chariot against Diomede. -7r0poc 6' obc c-aaerat?X/tac, rrpiv yE v6. " But (things) will not be otherwise, before, at least, that we two," &c.-a-vrt6ilv. " In open defiance." —irv evredC wTEep7ZA~vae. " Make trial of him with arms," i. e., with arms in our hands.-oioe TpSio' 7r7hrot. "Of what kind the horses of Tros are." We must be careful not to render Tplioz hir7roe here " Trojan horses," for the horses of Troy were like other steeds, and distinguished from them by no particular excellence; but the horses of Tros were a gift from Jupiter, and said to be immortal. Compare verse 265, seqq. —rediolo. "Over the plain." Consult note on book iii., 14. —E'6eaOat. "To flee." Observe that gi6oeat is here said of retreating before the foe. The proper meaning is "to be scared," " to fear," and hence " to flee." -r icata vG(i Tr6tZve acaSaETOv. "These two also will carry us two safe to the city." —47ir Tv6eicd. Observe that Etn is here employed to mark more immediately the line of direction. 226-229. vila alyaX6evTa. "'The bright reins," i. e., shining, glossy. The epithet atya%6etg is rendered here by some " supple," "flexile," like'yp6c, and by others "foamy," as if from o'iaov, "foam" from the mouth, Both interpretations, however, are wrong. The only true derivation is from aiaaor,' fat," LyaLaSieLt being related to aaXoSC, as urtapo6 to airoc. Fat, or things smeared with fat, look shining or glossy, so that the transition is very easy to nce general notion of bright, splendid, &. —E7 di b.rz'u krA F 2 ,342 NOTES TO BOOK V. fiwaoyat. "And I will mount the chariot." Altneas Toposes t~ Pandarus that the latter act as charioteer, while' he himself. will fight from'the chariot. This verse gave rise to great discussion even among the ancients. Aristarchus is said to have lreferred the reading 7ro6~ao/jat, "I will alight," and this. was retained in the ordinary text until Wolf restored e7rt6eacoat, the reading of Zenodotus, and which is certainly the true one, for &hro6ivat, in the sense of dismounting, is unusual. AXneas, according to verse 167, traverses on foot the Trojan ranks in quest of Pandarus, and in all probability leaves his'chariot somewhere in the vicinity. On meet ing Pandarus, therefore, he makes the following proposal: do you act as charioteer, and I will fight. That this is the meaning intended to be conveyed, is evident from the converse of the proposition, as stated in the verse immediately following: or do you fight, and I will take charge of the chariot.-I-'e ab T6vdE Ucleeo. " Or do thou await this man." 230-238. r7e 7Zrirco. "Thy own two horses."-ua;2ov. "'Better." —9' {vltoSX eI(iO6rt. "Under their accustomed charioteer.'"Lu 7J /lEM 6Iacav7r, ic. T.-. " Lest they two, having become frightened, shall retard their speed." More literally, "shall linger." The writers on Ellipsis would supply here fo6lozat 6e at the beginning of the clause; but such an ellipsis is unnecessary. The abruptness with which the clause begins is far more spirited, and suits the character of the dialogue better.-Elcb0EplErv. Supply'ady. — rehv 0p6yyov irod0ovre. "Missing thy voice." —va' 6' dEraaS, tK. r. A. This still depends on? in verse 233. —a3rt6d. "Ourselves." Observe that a~5rd is here, for variety's sake, employed for the reflexive pronoun of the first person. Homer often uses avr.C for the reflexive pronoun of all three persons. (Kgihner, ~ 6~F, Obs. i., p. 290, Jclf.) —.i6vvxaC. " The solid-hoofed." CoMrps-rs Virgil, Georg., iii., 88: "Solido ungula cornu." 240-247. CC/eta&cr'. Observe here the dozt employed, with the plural participles immediately preceding. As the dual is not a necessary form, this construction may be e.s;ly accounted for. (Compare note on book i., 304.)-ieXov. Censult note on book iii., 363. I t Ktexapttryvee 9v/ip. "Dear to my soul." Compare Virgil, XEn. xii., 142: " Animo gratissin,, nostro." - e&7ri ao tze'Uaire latxe0at The construction is, pepfac'r-,ziXeaOat em>.r ao, and E7r~ is added to rmdrk more clearly the di'retion of the action. —iv' a7ir 2EOpos Ixovrac. 1"Possessing immueasurable strength." The epithet drtae8lIr a *rms s'o have been originally applied to land that was too r;-': w ryeapu a' d by the 7r? Opov, and subsequently to have NOTES TO BOOK V. 34'1 heen emuioyed in speaking of things in gencral. - tiLv [Idvdapo;. "The one (of these is) Pandarus." Supply Ear'. Observe here the elhange of construction, instead of rOv zfEv, riv d. —an're. " More over." —Aivbeaf d' vtio, ic. r. X. "While (the other) 2EnGas boasts to have been born the son," &c. 249-251. XauEt?O' W' rir7rnov. "Let us retire in the chariot." The genitive'7rrwjov is defended here by the authority of Aristarchus and Attic usage. The construction is the same, in fact, as i'rrtowv rt6caveetv, which occurs so frequently in Homer. Compare, moreover, the language of Hesiod: rri 6' ir7rEiov 6o'pe 6dtqpov. (Scut. Herc., 371.) —td6 gtotL oinrtog OvE. r"And do not, I pray, rush in this manner." Observe that?aoi is here what grammarians call the dativus ethicus. 252-258. jirejt i66ov6' aiy6pev'. "Speak not at all fearward," i. e.,;ay nothing that may have any relation to fearing, nothing that may point towards and indicate fear. Commentators generally render 566ov here by the term "flight," but its natural meaning suits the context better. —o yap uoc yeevvalov, tc. r.?A. "For it befits not my:ineage to fight in a skulking manner," i. e., it is not inborn in me, it befits not my high blood.-al2vaiU/ovic,. Observe here the attraction of the infinitive, as it is termed, the participle being in the same case with the personal pronoun that precedes. (Kahner, ~ 672, 3, p. 303, Jelf.)-E-~re8ov. "Unimpaired." — aJ icMat aierw'. "]But even thus (as I am)," i. e., on foot. —eic'. "I will go." Consult note on book i., 169. —'~,. To be pronounced as a monosyllabCe by synizesis. (Thiersch, ~ 149.) —rov'7 iClq0o. "Both these two." —:r62tv a7rtr. "Back again." There is no pleonasm here, since srCatv, in Homer, has never the meaning of "again." This signification is post-Homeric. Compare note on book i., 59. —d y' 3av. "If, indeed, thereupon." We must not read yofv here, as Heyne and others do, since this is post-Homeric. (Thiersch, Q 329,;.) —Trepdf ye. " One of the two at least." 260-264. 7ro26&ovroc. " The deep counselling." - rou'ge tfe wtecae'r7rovSt Referring to his own steeds. —a-rov EpvaiceaKEt'.'Detain here." The infinitive for the imperative, with a5 preceding. There is no necessity whatever of any ellipsis of 0pa. —I':,rvyon'via reivac. "Having extended the reins from the rim," t. e., having hung them upon the rim of the chariot. The U'vrvF of a chariot was a rim, or border, thicker than the body to which i: was attached, and to which it gave both form and strength. In front of the chariot it was often raised above the body, into the e-m of a curvature, which served the purpt'se of a hook to hang /344 NOTES TO BOOKB, the reins upon when the charioteer had occasion to leave his v.hicle. The following cut may give some idea of this. (_-' A;vetao`''ra'fat, ic. r. a. "But, mindful (of them), rush upon fnl steeds of AEneas." Observe that i7ratfat is here, again, the infinitive for the imperative, as is also Atcidat in the succeeding verse. Observe, likewise, that 17rataao is.construed with the genitive, un der the general rule that verbs which signify a rapid motion after some object take that object in the genitive. (Kdihter, ~ 507, p 1.41, Jelf.) 265-270. Trf yap rot yEveif. "For (they are) in very truth ol that breed." Supply ella, and observe that TOt is equivalent, iIn fact, to our English phrase, "I tell thee," or, "l assure thee." Knight considers this whole passage, from 265 to 273 inclusive, a mere interpolation, the legend of Ganymede being, according to him, post-Homeric. --. By altraction for'v.-Tpcot. "Unto Tros." Tros was the son of Erichthonius and Astyoche, and grandson of Dardanus. (Compare nowe on verse 159.) —vlof rrotv77v rav. v/zi(cor. "As a compensation for his son Ganymede." This young prince was carried up to the skies by an eagle, to be the cup-bearer of Jove. —6r' v C r''aEto6v re. "; Under both the morning and the sun," i. e., on the whole earth, since the rays of Aurora and the sun spread over all the Homeric plane of the earth. Compare Vilcker, Horn. Geogr., p. 43. fr yrvYEte. ",Of this breed."-C'aKeE-pv. "Obtained (some) b) clandestine means." Literally, " stole (some)."-v-roaxov w 7aeac i7rrrovu. "Having admitted mares (to them)." —riv ol tf Uy~vovro yeviOayX. " From these six (horses) were produced for him as a progeny." The common text has yeveO2?-, which Heyne also adopts, and the meaning will then be, " from the breeding of these," &c., yevE0Lef being rega ded as equivalent here to yYrvvacwc. It NOTES O BOOK V. 34A is Nery doubtful, however, whether yeveOa? ever ha 3 this signification; and therefore the reading of Eustathius and the Venice MS., as adopted by Wu7f and Spitzner, is decidedly preferable, by whicl,'EY0a2. has the force of soboles or propago. (Consult Spitzncr. Ex. culrs., ix., p. 1.) o271-274. ro/g zklv TEraarepag, Ic. T-. 2;. "Four, indeed, he himself; etaining, cherished at the manger," i. c., in his stable. Observe Yacre the employment of the demonstrative rov' with a numeral, to ahow that the number is to be decidedly marked. (Compare Kiih recr, Q 455, 1, p. 106, Jelf.)-Thr 6' d'. "But the other two."ufarwps 66oto:. "Knowing how to rouse terror." Observe thlat u;JrGUp properly means " an adviser," " a counsellor." Thus, homer (I., viii., 22) calls Jupiter iTraoi'f f7pot is one applied to the gods generally, but most usually to Apollo. The signification may perhaps differ, according to the attributes of the'different divinities ((op, like dirrov, being used for any implement, as the sickle of Ceres, the bow of Diana, the lightning of Jove). Yet, as -this general usage of c6op is certainly not found in Homer, such interpretations are not very probable; whereas it was natural for a warlike people, like the early Greeks, to invest all their gods with the sword. oiXofEivy. "Departing." Minerva, according to verse 418, had gone back to Olympus, since she is represented there as holding converse with Jove. 512-518. Av6r6. Referring to Apollo. lEneas now returns tt, the fight, restored to his former strength, Apollo himself sending him forth, completely cured of the wound inflicted by Diomede, from his temple on the Pergamus or Acropolis.-,aiZa qriovoc e: advdroto.' From his very rich shrine."-P-EOararo. " Placed himself among." — aprrupa. "Sound." Compare our ordinary English expression " sfe and sound," and also the explanation of Stadelmann, "frisch und gesund."-rae lDevon E'~aOXv iXovra. "And having good strength." —,ueraa2oVaav ye ev ovrt. "They did not, indeed, however, question him at all." Supply aer6v.-7r'voc a2lor. "A different toil" The meaning is, that something very different from asking queb tions occupied their attention.- -aorovueavunv. Compare book iv. 440. 519-527. roigc 6 Aaveaodg. "Those, on the other hand, the Greeks.' Observe the interval between TroWS de and Aavaovf in the text, and compare roO 6''KpaialveEv E/ETbar obo6ov'Awo6t.&ovof, in verse 508, seq.-oi 6~ lac arroi. "But they even of themselves." Observe that ol 6d refers here to the Greeks, and not, as Eustathius explain.it, to the Ajaxes, Ulysses, and Diomede.- urvov. " Awaited them." The Greeks; while waiting in silence for the onset of the Trojans are beautifully compared to large masses of clouds han ing around lofty mountain-tops, while the winds still slumber, and before thie warfare of the elements has commenced.-vrv/aib7s. "iDuring a calm." The genitive of time. There is no need of ragardirng this an a genitive' absolute, and supplying ocrcc, as some. dQo. — nryraes &aiuac. " Has caused to stand without motton.'" — 6r " AsR NOrES- T'r BOCX V 3;6 J 1rig as." —.'a,1p&(v. "Pressing violently on,,;. c., stormy, lmnpetuous. There can be no doubt whatever that the true reading here is aaXPr7jv, not'axpeuiv. Consult Spitzner, ad loc. —rvolCatv ayvpztpc tvreVTr. 1 "Blowing with shrill blasts." 528 —532. wtoiJ KEAEC2Vv. "Greatly encouraging them." As the address of the monarch is so brief in its nature, we cannot, oi course, make sro2;ac here equivalent to the Latin multa, but rather to multum. (Heyne, ad loc.)-dvlpee eCre. "Be men."-6-leaoe. "Take unto yourselves." Observe the force of the mriddle.-DA;;vXovC r' a'6eGaOe. "And feel shame towards each other." There is more safety in that shame which leads men to respect themselves, and to act bravely, than in flight. Even in a defeat, to fight bravely to the last is attended wvith less bloodshed than to run away precipi, tately. (Heyne and Valpy, ad loc.) —aidoevwv 6' dvdpsiv. Supply c;i7j2ov'.-nij rnrav-ra. "Than are slain."-f-evy6vrov 6'. "But when they fly." —pvvrat.' Arises (from it)."-a2LeKn. " Succour." 533-540. ci/Zovrae. ",Hurled." — rp6/zov Uvdpa. "A foremost fighting man." —Aiveio. For Alvetov. The form Alvet)o, though supported by the authority of MSS., and of the ancient grammarians, is nevertheless correctly rejected by. modern schclars (T'hiersch, 4 178, 26; Matlh., ~ 69, 9.)-HIepyaatd6v. "Son of Pergasus."-6duSg. Equivalent to tmoiwS'. Observe the accentuation: o;twc, the conjunction, "nevertheless," &c., has the acute accent, and on the initial syllable. —'6 00c. Ee. "He was ever prompt." Observe the iterative force of Eale. 6' EoK iyxor ipvro. " That, however, did not keep off the spea." Observe that ie refers to dawari. —detampo dE etracroxaLatcS. Compare book iv., 138. In the verse just referred to, the line ends with Kati r','which Heyne here also adopts. But xaXK6O suits the con. text better in the present instance, and has been adopted by Wolfe, Spitzncr, and others from good MSS.-veealpv iv yaarpl. "In the lower part of the belly."-'Tr7pogf. Consult note on book iv., 132. MIacaev. " He drove it." Observe that the nominative here changes, and the reference is to Agamemnon.-do&6rw7ev 6de rerA), c. r. A. Compare book iv., 504. Here, again, we have another change of nominative, Deicoon being now meant. 541-545. vO0' acr.' Aiveias, Kc. T. T. 2.Eneas is now brought for, wards again, and slays Crethon and Orsilochus, the two sons o! Lincles.-AtloKuaor. Diodes, son of Orsilochus (the son mentioned in the text being named after the grandfather), was King of Pheram in Messenia. In the Odyssey (iii., 488) Telemachus is described as having spent the night under his roof lIe was probably a'assa. 664 NOTES TO BOOK 3. of Agamemnon's, since Ihere is one of the cities which Agalierin non expresses his willingness to give up to Achilles, if the lattei will become reconciled to him. (II., ix., 151.)-wPnp7. Otherwise written ypali (Ionic for capai). It lay on the River Nedon, near the modern Ka amata. ofT' eCpVi Piet, KC. r. AW. "Which flows with wide stream through. the land of the Pylians." The River Alpheus rose on the Laconian border of Arcadia, and flowed through Arcadia and Elis. In its passage through the latter country, it watered, according to the poet, the territory of the Pylians, by which evidently that of the Triphylian Pylos is meant. Strabo, therefore, makes use of this passage for the purpose of proving that the Triphylian Pylos was the city of Nestor. (Strab., viii., p. 344.) Compare, however, Leake's Morea., vol. i., p. 417, seqq. Consult, also, note on book i., 251. —ivp5 PieL. Heyne explains evpv here by late, as implying that the river flows through a large part of the Pylian territory, not that it is large of size. We have preferred, however, giving erpd the meaning which Heyne condemns, both because it is the more natural one, and because Leake describes the Alpheus as being from the Straits of Lavdha in Arcadia, to the sea, a wide, though shallow stream. (Morea, vol. ii., p. 67.) 546-553. rkicer', ic. r.: X. Observe that'C here refers to the god of the stream. —ro;~eaa' dv6peaalv U'vawra. The dative here follows the analogy of avcidaetv rtvi.-aG8vccdove arade.. "Twin sons." Observe that dt6vtidove is poetic for bdL W. —/~aXv F v Eid6re 7racg. Consult note on verse 11. —'6jaavr. "Having attained to man's estate."-eVreov. "Fine-steed-breeding." A common epithet of Troy and the adjacent country, on account of the. fine pastures of Ida. —rtiljv apvvteivo. Consult note on book i., 159.-u 6' avOt riZoc 6avdiroto K(iav~ev. " But there the end of death enveloped those two." Observe that by re.2oe -avsdroto is meant, in fact, the end that death brings upon all things. 554-560. oo ra7iye 2Lovre, K. T. ". "They two, just as two ibomls have been reared," &c. Observe that rTCye is here substantival, and that the clause is the same as Truye oto G) ov78e ido, IK. r. A. (Kiihner, ~ 443, 4, p. 97, ed. Jelf.) Heyne, who takes umbrage at Arye very unnecessarily, thinks the text corrupt, and conjectures Os rT' aCire iaovre dev. —pzOeiyT rdpceatv Viiti. " Amid the thickets of a deep forest." Observe that rdpolealv is here the local dative. —araOoiS avobvp irov Keepai'erov. "Lay waste the stalls of men." The reference herd is to the farm-yard buildings, stalls, folds staWes, &c. In a previous passage (r 140) the ter n arar NOTES rTO BOOK V., 3' &ot;, wa: dpp-ied to the abode of the shepherd himself. —4opa'UntiI." —carEaKTerv. " Are slain." The aorist refers to what j4 accustomed to take place. —aideav lOtK.Trc t7jl;1,ctv. " hilks lofty pines." An image of frequent occurrence in Homer. Corn pare Virg'., -,En., v., 448. 564-568. arn opov&)v. ".Planning this," i. e., with this design..-'AvTrLyoXS. Compare book iv., 457.-7rept yap die,.. X1. "FoE he was exceedingly afraid for the shepherd of the people." Ob serve that 7rotLuvt is here the dative of advantage.-u-F rt TrdOot We have adopted here the optative mood, at the suggestion of Hermann (Opusc., i., 288), and on the authority, also, of a Vienna MS The common text has,7ri p, but the optative (7roaqo'lete, which fol. lows, leads at once to the suspicion that this latter reading is erroneous.-,-/ya diag 6an droao7elte roivoto. "'-And make them miss greatly (the fruits) of their toil." The death of Menelaus would have rendered abortive the whole design and success of the war. (Valpy, ad loc.) Observe that caas is here a rare enclitic accusative from aCelr. In other words, it is aofa' reduced to one syllable for the purposes of pronunciation. (Compare Buttmann, Lexil., p. 429, 15, ed. Fishl.) 568-575. r'u juv d/j. 2Eneas and Menelaus are meant. —kXir~v. " Hel(d." —llah' ayXt irapicraro 7rotuEVl?aCv. " Placed himself beside the shepherd of the people, very near (to him)," i. e., close by the side of. —rap' a2'UnOotat!Ezvovre. "Remaining beside each other," i. e., standing closely side by side. —veKpodc. The corpses of the two sons of Diocles. In the next line they are called rd, EZ&5. l —T& dðl. "Those two unfortunate ones."-rpe600evre. " Having turned back," i. e., to the battle. 576-580 flv2aqutivea. A difficulty arises here. Pyleimenes it mentioned again in the battle at the ships, whereas in the present passage he is slain by Menelaus and Antilochus. Either, therefore, say some of the commentators, the poet's memory is treacherous, or an interpolation has been made in the poem. Barnes and Clarke undertake to solve the difficulty by supposing that Pylemenes, king of Paphlagonia, came to Troy with two sons, one named Py. lamenes, after the father, and the other Harpalio. The former of these sons is here slain, according to them; while in took xiii 643, seqq., we- read of the death of the other, and of the father's _t 1 lowing the corpse of his son from the battle-field to Ilium. apx6v. " A leader," i. e., commanding along with his. father Py Iremenes, and his brother Harpalio. (Consult previous note.)TiaXay6Vov. Papblagonia lay on the Eux'ne, having Pontuw n' Hi 2a 3ti.6 NOTES TO BOOK V. the eas,, and B.thynia on the west.-KaarT'i KYda rvxr1ara. "' la, ing hit (him) on the collar-bone." Compare verse 146. 580-588. 4vtoxov teppcirovra. "' His chariot-attendant," i. e., charioteer. Observe that IvioXov is here an adjective, agreeing with rIEpdirovra. Observe, moreover, that &epd7rovra merely means a subordinate, for the time being, to the'apat6drrn or warrior by the side of the charioteer: not that he was a slave, or inferior; on the contrary, the charioteer was a free soldier, indeed often a hero, as Meriones is charioteer to Idomeneus, Patroclus to Achilles, &c.; nay, in n., viii., 89, Hector is called nvvoXof. —Ea07ov'Arvyvtd6dJv. " The noble son of Atymnius." —6 d viarpepSe. " But he was in the act of turning about," i. e., he was turning about his chariot for flight, when he received the blow. —yKifvasEy6ov. " On the middle of his elbow." —EScK' E'Xavrt. "White with ivory," i. e., ornamented with ivory on their upper surface. Compare book iv., 141. 7i/aae Ko'pa7v. 1" Smote him on the temple."-adc6uaiveov. "Gasping." Observe that aaO~aeivw is especially said of the death-ruckle.. —Kt6ao.... "Head-foremost." The Latin pronus. —r ippexfOvY Te Kai 5/y ovr. "Upon both the upper part of the head and the shoul. ders." Observe that fipeXl[om (the same as fpgypja) is properly the sinciput, or the upper part of the head, from the forehead to the coronal suture, and is derived from Pp'xo, " to wet," " to moisten," because this part of the bone is longest in hardening.-tiar'Ket. " He stood," i. e., with his feet in air, and his head deeply buried;n the sand, until the horses struck him, and threw the body over. 590-595. roVd 6'. Referring to Menelaus and Archilochus. KErci2yyx. "Having uttered a loud cry." Homer's heroes are frequently represented doing this, when urged on, as in the present ease, b) a feeling of vengeance, or by hope, or any other strong emotion. —.pXe actv. "Led them." Mars is here accompanied by Enyo (Bellona) and Kydoimos (Tumult). In the fourth Look, however (v. 441), the attendants of the god of battle were Deimos; Phobos, and Eris.-;- jiv EXovaa Kvd6otutv, ic. Tr.. "She, indeed, having with her the ruthless Tumult of battle." The tumult, or wild uproar of mortal strife, is here personified by a ruthless demon, who is made the companion of Bellona.-EvcpJua. "'Kept brandishng."-0-oira. "He ranged wildly." This is meant to be a strong term here. Compare the explan'ation of Eustathius: /pa- t06&C (5ppStjevog. 596-600. Trv d6. Referring to Hector. Diomede Is here corn pared to a traveller, who, after passing over a long route, finds him self on the banks 3f arn imneuous rivo'% which Prevents all frtioet NOTES ro Boo C V. 361..Acance. Not knowing, therefore, what to do in this emnelgercy the wanderer at length turns back on his route. So Diomede retreats on beholding Hector. —avjp &iraXa/voC. " A helpless man," 1. e., one who knows not what step to take in such an emergency. Analogous to the Latin inops consilii.-Wrv?rO0Eo 7redioto. Consult note on book iii., 14. —ala6e 7rpopEovrt. -"Running forward to the sea."-p-op/vpovrz. "Roaring and boiling." — vd r' 0dpaj' olrtoaw "And (then) runs back again," i. e., turns back quickly upon his former route. Observe that the aorist here refers to what is accus tomed in such cases to happen. 601-606. olov 6d.y avtacioev, K. r. X.'"in what a way now'do we all admire the noble Hector, that he is both.a spearman and a courageous warrior." Observe that the neuter of obor is often em ployed in independent propositions as an adverb, to express admi ration, wonder, &c.-acix/u rv 7' urEvat. The common prose construction would be 0rt 8CTiV aIxjUr~g. —tmpa. For T7rpeE6t. —eit y7 -E$Dv. "'One, at least, of the gods."-iceivog'Apntc. " Yonder Mars." -o-rroaao eLKere. "Retreat backward." He recommends them to retreat with their faces turned towards the foe.- -pyds tfeveatvy the Doric poet Aleman, though it is found as early as Homer. (Kiihner, ~ 393, 5, p. 46, ed. Jelf.) —rcep' 6' O'pa IrovUip ixever.' "And she diffused around a thick -mist." This was done in order to hide she chariot from the view of mortals. Compare the passage in relation to Mars, verse 356, seqq. —roatv 6' a!u6poainv, K. 1r. XA. "And the Simois caused to spring up for them ambrosial food to feed upon." As the earth causes flowers to spring up under the feet of the gods (II., xiv., 346), so here the Simois causes heavenly pasture to grow up for the steeds of the gods as they stand upon its banks Observe that a,"upcatnv is here equivalent to atl6p6atov eisap, as expressed in verse 369. The scholiast explains it by ir6av -rtva v oL r.iV Oedv Ercr otT iatovCratv. 778-786. rpijpwat lreLetE6atv iOeLaO' dFoiat. "Like timid doves in their pace." The two goddesses wished to remain unobserved while operating upon the conflict, and therefore move along with stealthy steps, being beautifully compared to a species of ring-dove, or cushat, called ireet(l, or Trr;eta, from its dark colour, and in Homer usually an emblem of timorousness.-eiZ?6pevoi. " Collected together in a crowd." (Compare Buttmann, I exil., p. 256, ed Fishl. NOTES TO i30K V. 3T7,and consult Glossary on line 203, s. v. eIoliEvev.) —ovZ ri:6rpctal. 1Wild boars." Homer here joins acog cdrpog: elsewhere, also, he nas a~c Ki(rptOf. (II., xi., 293; xvii., 282.)-a2;arraSv6vo. " Easily mastered."- ZriErope?ueyairopt XaKsro0dvw.. "To the greats hearted, brazen-voiced Stentor." This individual is mentioned only in the present passage. The scholiast says, that, according to some, he was a Thracian, while others made him an Arcadian. He could shout as loud as fifty men together, and lost his life in contending with Mercury in loudness of voice. Voss, following Barnes, makes aeyaR7ropt signify " strong in breast," i. e., of powerful lungs. But Stentor was a warrior, not a mere herald or cryer, and?Leya7Orope must be regarded as equivalent to the Latin magnanimro, o: forti. 787-791. acdct3. "(It is) a shame." Supply,rio, and compare the explanation of Heyne, "pudendurm vobis est."-xa'K''E2;yXea Compare book ii., 235.-eldor. "In form alone."-if r62e/wov rc;l acKETO. "Used to resort to the war." — -rpob rvhacv AapdavduawJv oy.XyCaKOV. "Advanced beyond the Dardanian gates," i. e., the Scaean gates, which faced the Grecian camp. —Koi!2,7v iTri vVoi Close to the hollow ships." 794-798. 7rap''irirooal Kaiet XeC1'. Compare verse 107. —e2;or uvanv5Xovra. "Cooling the wound." Diomede was cooling his wound by raising and easing the strap of his shield, and was wiping away the dark blood. —/uv 7retpEv. " Kept chafing him."-re2.au(vog. Compare note on book ii., 388.-K.Edpe di. "And he was fatigued." —iv d' caxwv. "And raising."-xeJra.\ve0i. Compare book;v., 140. 800-805. hboiyov ol Iotlccra. "Little like to himself." Minerva here indulges in the same strain of reproof that Agamemnon adopted in the previous book (370, seqq.). —cai' re7' inp, I. r. X. Tydeus as has already been mentioned (book iv., 384, seqq.), was sent as a messenger to Eteocles, then on the throne of Thebes. Minerva says that she strongly urged on him the importance of his doing nothing that might lead to open collision with the Thebans, but that his own daring spirit caused him to forget her injunctions, -o0v'' Ecratcq(aetlv. " Nor to rush with fierce look to the fray." — 6oap0v'AXati(v. The reference is to the army of Adrastus. —dai-,vcat aptv ivosyov, Kt.. T. 1" I exhorted him to feast quietly in their balls." Heyne suspects the authenticity of this line, and thinks that it has been suggested by the 386th verse of the preceding book. It woul I certainly be superfluous, as that scholar thinks, if vwe were, with him, to suppl' Kadueoveg after &I,'wor, but as it is 380 NOTES TO BOO here explained, and made. o refer to Mi.erva, the line appears ur obj ectionable. 806-808. avr(p o6 0ved:v} 8Xyv, K. T. X. "IHe, however, retaining his own hardy spirit, just as before." The apodosis begins here — 7rpoKa:tiero. Such challenges at meals were veiy customary. Compare book iv., 389. —7rvra. "In all (the contests)." Supply dOiXa, and compare book iv., 389. —w7i[co" Tro0g ol'Eyv, i. r.. According to the scholiast, this whole verse was interpolated by Zeo nodotus from book iv., 390, and was rejected, in consequence, by Aristarchus. The grounds of rejection are these: 1. It contradicts the very words of the goddess, who states that she had forbidden Tydeus to contend with the Thebans; and, 2, It does not harmonize with what follows, for Tydeus, though forbidden so to do, still was urged on by his own innate valour to challenge all the Cadmean leaders; whereas Diomede, though aided by Minerva, remits his exertions in the fight. 810-813. 7rpobpov og. Voss connects this adverb in construction with yuiXeco6a, but it is more in accordance with Homeric simplicity to refer it to the nearer verb KZo/uyat. Compare verse 816.tcuarog rolvdif. "Weariness produced by much labour."-Edoc,aK7pLov. "s Heartless fear." Madame Dacier, after Eustathius, says, that the whole force of Minerva's speech lies in the compari. son between Tydeus and his son. Tydeus, contrary to the prohibition of Minerva, fought and overcame the Thebans, when he was alone in the city of the enemy. Diomede in the midst of the Gresian host, and with enemies inferior in number, declines the fight, though Minerva commands him. Tydeus disobeys her to engage in battle; Diomede disobeys her to avoid engaging; and that, too, when he had experienced, on many previous occasions, the assistance of the goddess. (Valpy, ad loc.) —6atipovo~ Oiveidao. "The warlike son of CEneus." Tydeus was son of (Eneus, king of Calydon. He fled from his country after the accidental murder of one of his friends, and found a safe asylum at the court of Adrastus, king of Argos, whose daughter Deipyle he married. 816-826. 7r, TOL rpopovewC, K. r. A. " Therefore will I tell thee the matter with alacrity." Compare the explanation of Heyne. 66rem omnem ex animo exponam."-OKivo~. "Sluggishness."-e —Erjuouv. To be pronounced as a trisyllable, by synizesis. —uaKcdpEcam eoCi acVVrtlKpV uPixeaOat, Kc. r. 2A. Compare verse 130.-rivye oVr71/uev. Supply 1KOEcEVC, which may be inferred from eiac.-a;tUhlEjuat i'ePdod rcvrav. "To collect themselves all here together." (Iluttmanr, ritl., p. 257, ed. Fishl.) —ptilp twva aolpav'ovra. "Con!mapdim.i NOTES TO BOOK V. Uil t.,roughicot Lhb tighlt." Observe that cvar is heie written without i.nastrophe. This is done in accordance with the precept of Aris tarchus, in order that the preposition may be distinguished from dva, T. e., ivduary7t, and from ova, the vocative of avaf. 827-834.'Aona ro6v. " That Mars." We have followed here the reading of Heyne, as the most natural and forcible. Spitzner, Wolf, and many others adopt r6ye, from a Vienna MS. If we read r6'E, the meaning will either be, "on this account," or, "in this way," literally, " as to this fear," the noun deiof being supposed to be understood in this last sense. — e. "Direct." rVibov d6 a;Edtiv. "And strike him in close onset," i.':e., engage with him hand to hand. Observe that aXedilv is here equivalent to ie T-ro XEd6v, or.Cx rov kyyv0ev. Some, without any necessity, regard rXedgi7v here as an adjective, and supply TVr&V or i-r2,yyv.-. royTrov [atv6/zev6v, 1c. 7T. 2, "That phrensied one, a made evil, a shifter from one to another." Mars is called TVKTOv Kca6v, because war is an evil of man's own making, as opposed to those evils that are strictly natural. Compare the explanation of Eustathius: ds vim x nvi-v a rVv 7evXO/zevov Kaci fti bret V?tMtV kyytyP6oyevov. On the other hand, the epithet ad252oTwrp.6ac22ov has reference to the varying chan ces of warfare, victory inclining first to one side and then to the other.-areir' a'yopeuwv. 1" Conversing, promised," i. e., promised in conversation. The breach of promise of which Mars had been guilty makes the epithet (dAQo7rp6ra;A2Lov still more appropriate.rdSv de 2,;eacrat. " And has forgotten those (others)." 835-845. dg qOa/zivqy, Kc. 7. 2,. Minerva herself becomes the charioteer of Diomede, for, without the aid of the gods, he could not,,f course, wound Mars.-Xetpi 7rdR2tv epucaa'. "Having drawn him 3ackward with her hand."-o6 d'. Sthenelus.-1tsya 6' 16paXe q6ytvo ui(ov. "And the oaken axle loudly groaned." Observe that in verse 859, this same verb e6paXe is employed to express the cry of the wounded war-god. Compare book iv., 420. —yev. " It bore.' — Ev(iptLiv. "Was despoiling." We have given here the imper. feet, with Wolf:,nd Spitzner, instead of SevdptSlev ("' he Li ad just slain"). The imperfect appears again in the next line but one, as confirmatory of this reading. Heyne, however, gives'err'tiptcEv with the common text. —YAi6of,svvE#v. The helmet of Pluto ('At(5t, "the unseen'one") had the peculiar property of rendering the wearer invisible. This wond(rful helmet had.been made by the Cyclopes (Apollod., i.2,:1). Mercury wore it in the battle with the giants, and Perseus in his contest with the Gorgons. (Hes, Sc. Herc., 226, seq ) KIpper asks what Minerva did with her own fca,'ful ;'VS' NOTES TO BOOK V helm (v. 7-3) wlbn she put on that of Pluto, anid iemarks, "1iti bonus, opinor, dormnit vit Homerus." But,'n the case of so power ful a goddess as Minerva, the poet is excused from entering into many explanatory details, and leaves them, therefore, to the gen. eral conceptions of his hearers. 849-854. 10dv. " Straight towards."' Observe that the adverl e0sg, straight for any mark, is construed with the genitive of thb object ar mark, just as verbs of aiming at anything are. (Kiihnzer, 509, 2, p. 142, Jelf.) —opiraO' VIrXp ~vy6v. " Reached forward over the yoke." Mars was on foot, having lent his chariot to Venu. (compare verse 363), and stationed himself close in front of the horses of Diomede. Hence, in aiming a blow at the latter, he elo vates his spear above the heads of the horses. —r6yE. Referrinrg to EyXog.-baev VirEKc di&poto, K. T. A. 1" Turned it away from out of the chariot, so as to have been driven in vain," i. e., so that it was impelled in vain. 855-862. EUTEpog aV0O'. "Secondly, in turn." —&ripetu. " Drove it firmly." —05t ov)vvvc6Kcro ir-py,. "Where he was girt with the belt." Consult, as regards the term,/lrpV, the note on book iv., 137. We have followed Spitzner here in giving /irpp, which is the reading of Aristarchus. Heyne and others have zi7rpqv, the reading of Eustathius. Both constructions are Homeric, but the first seems preferable here. The phrase C6vvvaOat tlrpyv means " to gird one's self with a belt," but ~6vvvaOatl /irp, "to be girt with a belt.' (Spitzner, ad loc.)'-d&' de ud6abev. "And tore through." —-E6paXr "'Roared." The verb Ppdxyo is mostly said in Homer of the ring ing or clashing of arms or armour. It is applied, however, also to the groaning of a heavily-loaded axle (v. 838); to the roar of a tor rent (II., xxi., 9); the groaning of the battle-field (II., xxi., 387); the shriek of a wounded horse (II., xvi., 468); and, in the present instance, to the terrific cry of the war-god. Knight opposes this view of the subject, and quite spoils the effect of the passage, by refer ring t6paxe, not to the cry of Mars, but to the roar of arms raging violently, and ascending to the very heavens. ivvredXtot. The cry of Mars is compared to the united shout of nine thousand or ten thousand men in battle, and the poet thus leaves it to the imagination of the reader to form a suitable idea of the superhuman strength and size of the god himself. Some of the ancient critics make a very tasteless alteration here, and read Ie vede(,tXot and &eKaxetZot, from Xe2Lor, " a lip." The cry of Mars ie thus compared to that of nine or ten pairs of lips, antl all the beauty snd force of the passagearelost -e-,taov "Ai e v- wilt tvo shlo.;t' NOTES T() BOOK V. 383 -4poda:vvija ovref'Apyot-. "When joining the conflict of Mars,' s. e., when joining battle. —fro rpo6of edAev. Observe that irzo is ~ here employed adverbially, as the accentuation indicates, and com-'pare note on book iii., 34. 864-870. ohil 6' ec ve&owv, ic. r. A. "And just as a dark haze apKpars out of the clouds," i. ce.,'ust as a dark thunder-cloud rises in the sky. Observe that anp is here still employed in the sense of thick and darkened air (its true Homeric usage), and that E'c verov is equivalent merely to Ev vggeact, that is, Ev oipav!,. since what is in the sky comes to our view from the skj.- cavc arog if civ6oto dvada. EOC, K. r. A. " A heavy-blowing wind being raised after heat," i. e., in consequence of previous heat. Heyne places a comma aftei KavtuaroS, and explains it by dti tcavjta-ro. Others make it the, geI itive of time, "in time of heat." We have followed Wolf, Voss, Spitzner, and others in making cKaelarog depend on i, and in giv ing the preposition a meaning somewhat analogous to that of er7h with the accusative. (Compare Kiihner, ~ 621, p. 244, ed. Jelf.) The meaning of the figure in the text is simply this: as the heav. ens are fearfully dark, when gloomy thunder-clouds move rapidly along, impelled by some violent and heat-engendered blast, so did Mars appear gloomy and terrible to the view of Diomede as his vast form shot upward into the skies. odfOV veeoacttV.:"Amid clouds." Literally, "together with clouds." The clouds here meant are those that shrouded his form rom the view of all other mortals except Diomede. (Koppen, ad.oc.) —iattporov alta. Compare verse 339. 872-877. oi VelE OTiSpiy, Kt. 7%. X. Compare verse 757. —rde tcaprepa Epya.." These violent doings."-aiei -rot ptytara, K. r. Jr. "V/e gods, in very truth,'are always enduring the most appalling things through one another's planning, and (that, too,) while stri. ving to: confer benefits on men.!' Wolf rejects the particle de after Xadpv, but'it appears of importance to the meaning of the passage, since it serves to add force to the complaint of Mars. The dissensions and quarrels of the gods stand thus opposed to the benefits that are intended' for mortals, but which are thwarted by these unworthy causes. —: 2 ARvO i6-r7it. More literally, " through one another's' will or hest."-cot,radvr-fe:aX6,u6ea. "We are all at variance with thee," i. e., we s i take umbrage at thy condtclt. The Cause of this umbrage is stated immediately after, ramely, the indulgence which Jove continually shows to Minierva. Son:e of the ancient interpreters less correctly make cot here equivalent to 6de t, i. e., oi07 Xdptv.-60 pova Koipv, oXOiotvr' v.' A senseless lalug-l:.er, fraught with mischief" ~; e'. OuTErS TO BOOK v. 878-88a3. I7r7rr;f'0ovrat. Observe the change of person in iirr':re. Oovat and dEduipueaOa. This is not by any means, as some main. tarn, "a grammatical solecism," but is intentionally done by the poet, in order that more emphasis may be given to the clause Kai d6eutzi6c a ieKaroc, where Mars especially comprehends himself.7rport6d22Xeat. "Thou checkest." —aRA' i'velr,1. " But dost set hei on," i. e., dost encourage her in hei evil doings.-i-aZ6' tI'679sov. "A destructive child."-V r-pOvv/ov. " The overbearing."-japyaiv. ecv ear'. " To be frantic against," i. e., madly to assail. - Xelp' Eari Kaper. Compare verse 458. 88r-887. aZ2d l z' t' 7rveoav, K. X. 2. Knight regards this verse and the two that follow as interpolated by some ignorant rhapsodist. According to this critic, verCx is a post-Homeric term. — rg6 Ke 6ipov'7Tracaxov. " Certainly I should for a long while have suffered." Observe the difference of accentuation, and, consequently, of meaning, between i in this clause and y in verse 887. — KE (i'5 /zrevyvoS'a, ei. r. 2. "Or, (though remaining) alive, would have been without strength from the blows of the brass." The meaning of the whole passage is as follows: Mars declares, that, if he had not escaped by a swift retreat, one of two things would certainly have befallen him. Either Diomede would have laid him prostrate by a second thrust of his spear, so that he would have remained like one dead under a heap of slain; or else he would have wound, ed him so repeatedly as at last to deprive him of all his strength. 889-898. tO r-i otl ttcvVpt>e. "V Whine not at all to me."-'a'2Lo7p6oc'aX2e. Compare verse 831. —XOaroe 6,uo'oi c'aLt, K. T.;X. Comrn.. pare book i., 176, seq. —ln7prp6 -rot uEfvor &7rav, K. r. l. To thee belongs the uncontrollable, unyielding spirit of thy mother Juno.' — aqrov6g. " With difficulty." —civtw Eivvecryatv. "Through he! instigations,".i. e., through her rash and foolish counsels.-,'Xov-a. " To be enduring."-Eic y'ip jeEDc y6e'ow each. " For thou art in race from me," i. e., art an offspring of mine. Observe that ykvoc here is the accusative absolute, as in verse 544. Compare Spitzner, Excurs. ix., p. 4.-T-v Ei clXaov. For eU 62aaov rtV6g.-E-iVTeptyo O 06pavtlvwv. "Lower than the sons of Uranus." The Titans are meant, who, according to early legends, warred against Jove, were overcome, and thrust down to Tartarus, where they lie in chains. Observe that the term Ovpavtaover elsewhere means the deities of Olympus. (Compare verse 373, and book i., 570.) We have given lviprepOC here with Spitzner; and have, with the same editor, recalled the rarer form igOac. The common text has a0ca. 899-909. II.atiov'. Consult note on verse 401. —-rC. d' e7rr [Iaioyv, K'OTES TO BOOK V. V.1\ i. r a. JComnpare vcrse 401, seq. —f d'' r' b6r6f ydAa, K. r. A, "And as when fig-tree juice, on being agitated, curdles the white milk, which was liquid (before), and it is thickened all around vert rapidly by him who mixes it." The tertium comparationis here is the rapidity of the operation. The ichor congeals as rapidly in the wound as the milk thickens when the fig-tree juice is stirred int:it. The acid juice of this tree was used as rennet (Traaoc) tcfo curdling milk. - eretLy6uevoC. We have preferred following here the explanation of the scholiast, z. e., rapaTrrT6evof, arev6?uEvoSf. Some give it the meaning of "' quickly," and connect it in construetio-n with avvignqsv. Observe, moreover, in ovvErwy1ev the reference to what is wont to happen. rtv d'"H6r foVtev. Consult note on book iv, 2.-videi yaiou "Exulting in his majesty." The idea here is different, of course, liom that expressed by the same words in book i., 406. —Hpiv a' Aoye[bl, ic. r. A. Compare book iv., 8.-'vdporaaUiov. " From the slaughter oe neroes." K NOTES ON THE SIXTH BOOK, ARG UMENT. INTERVIEW BETWEEN HECTOR AND ANDROMACHE. THE battle is continued; the gods leave the field, and victory begins to declare for the Greeks. Helenus thereupon, the chief augur of Troy, advises Hector to return to the city, in order to appoint a solemn procession of the queen and Trojan matrons to the temple of Minerva, for the purpose of entreating that goddess to remove Diomede from the fight. Hector accordingly has an interview with his mother Hecuba, and the procession takes place, but without any good results. VWhile Hector is absent at'roy, Diomede and Glaucus come together for the purpose of engaging, but, having discovered that they are hereditary friends, they exehange armour and separate. Hector, meanwhile, after having had the interview already mentioned with his parent, repairs to the abode of Paris, and prevails upon him to return to the battle. Then follows a most affecting interview between Hector and Andrornache, after which the warrior again hastens to the field. The scene is first in the field of battle, between the rivers Simnois and Scamander, and then changes to Troy..-4. O16)Ov7. "Was abandoned (by the gods)." The gods now refrained from taking any farther part in the fight. —ro;tc2 d' (p' W;,a ica EvE0', K. r.?%. "And thereupon the fight went straight onward, in this direction and in that, across the plain," i. e., the battle raged over the plain with varied success, now the Greeks, now the Trojans advancing. — reioto. Consult note on book iii., 14.U 2XRowv WOvvo/uvwv, K. r. A. " As they set their brass-tipped spears full against each other." Observe that;J;L;o0v is here the genitive, after a verb of aiming at a mark (K&hner, ~ 506, p. 141, Jelf:), and, moreover, that WivvotyGvov, in the present passage, is the only Instance in the Iliad of the employment of the middle voice of iOdv6w, to denote the levelling or aiming of spears, the active being the laore usual form I-qe'1rl6? Lqz6evro, K. -r: The battle-field law NOTES TO BOOK VI. 387 between the Simois and Scamander, which last' was also called Xanthus (Compare book v., 77, 7-4.) 5-9 pr,oroJTo. " First of all," i. e., after the gods had left I he fight 6oeo; 6' ien pOoLitv Oltcev. C"And caused light to his companions," z. e., gave the light of hope to his followers, as well as to the other Greeks; caused them now, on sure grounds, to hope for victory, si3nze Acamas had fallen. Acamas was leader of the Thraciars thookl ii., 8A4), and famed for his prowess. Mars himself' had ansumed his form on a previous occasion (book v., 462). The fall of so powerful a warrior, therefore, served greatly to encourage the Greeks, and proved a presage of victory. —rirvKro. "Was.' Observe here the employment of the pluperfect passive of Trevs,i to denote that which had been-made, and still existed; so that it becomes equivalent, in fact, to the simple "was," or imperfect of edii. This is a usage very frequent in Homer, and has already occurred in a previous book (v., 78).-tc6pvOo- 06Rov. Consult note on book'ii., 362. 12-17.'Afv2uov. Observe here the long vowel in the penult, and comnpare the remarks of Thiersch, Q 148, 3. Axylus was from Arisbe, a city on the Hellespont, between Abydus and Lampsacus, and was a leader of the allies under Asius ()ook ii., 836).- to167010 " In the- means of living." —Qioc. " Hospitable. " -c'vTag yap et?aiecKev, Ic. T. X. "For, inhabiting a dwelling by the way side, he treated all in a friendly way." Observe that t;Lieacev is here, as the scholiast remarks, equivalent to ESb~iev.-P7pKaeE. "Warded off." —7rp6aOev 7ravTdaaC. "' By having placed himself in the wav in front," i. e., by having thrown himself in the way, between Axklus and Diomede, and thus warded off destruction from the former Homer does not, observes Valpy, intend this as a reproof of ingratitude or a satire on the human race. It is merely designed to excite our compassion, as a pathetic reflection that one who had befriended so many should not, in his extremity, be befriended by them. The poet laments the unmerited catastrophe of so hospitable and benevolent a man. 18-19. uoepdirovra KaX~atov. "His attendant Calesius." The term -gepdrwov does not imply, either here or elsewhere in Homer, when thus employed, anything servile or ignoble. The Oepd6rc-v of a warrior is a companion in arms, a comrade, who rendeis free and honourable service, though usually infrior' in rank or name. So Patroclus is &9Fp6drrv of Achilles (Ii., xvi., 244); Meriones of [dormeneus (II., xxiii, 143), &c. The iEpdirovreg, therefore, are like the esquires of the Middle Ages, and perform similar services 588 hOTES TO BOOK Vi. in lHarncssing the steeds, driving the war-car, &c. - iq11tto0i.or. 6" The charioteer." Observe here the force of irr6 in composition, the term 3Ovioxog properly denoting the charioteer as subject to the warrior in his chariot.-yaiav EirTdv. " Went under the earth" Equivalent to the Latin " terramin subierunt." 90-37. E bpiratoc. Son of Mecisteus, and one of the companions in arms of Diomede. Consult book ii., 565, and compare verse 28 following. —flb d #ETr'. "And he then went after."-N6I/qi, Nfips'A6ap6apg7l. " The Nymph Abarbarea, a Naiad." The Naiads were river or water-nymphs.-aKc6Tov. "In secret," z. e., illegitimate. Hence, &CeSv 7rader oKc6rtot, "the children of the gods' secret loves." (Eurip., Alcest., 989.)-7rotlaivovv. "Tending the flocks."-L' r' 6eaat. "Beside the sheep."-eKai Mv rdv drwOvar,. r. X. "And the strength and glossy limbs of these, indeed, the son of Mecisteus re taxed." By the patronymic MlxitariZ'dyC, Euryalus is meant. 29-36. IIo;v7roiTrg. Polypoetes was son of Pirithoiis, and coin mnanded a part of the Thessalian forces (book ii., 740). —IHepKc6atov:'The Percosian," i. e., from Percote, a city of Mysia, south ot Lampsacus, and not far from the shores of the Hellespont. (Con sult book ii., 838.) —E2arov. Elatus was from Pedasus, a city of the Leleges, in Troas, on the river Satnibeis. The situation cf this place remains undefined. It appears from Pliny, that some authors identified it with Adramyttium. (H. N., v., 32.) The Satnibeis which, according to Strabo, was also called laov't6ete, was merels a large forest-brook. —Aitrof. Leitus was a leader of the Beotians (book ii., 494).- Eirp7rrvXog. Eurypylus was a Thessalian leader (book ii., 735). 38-44. (ov iX'. L"Took alive."-U-'rvo/uvo rreedioto. "Fleeing bewildered over the plain."-' Elv P2La0c6vreTE vpuKivGr. A" Having become impedled by a branch of tamarisk." The tamarisk (jsvpilc7), that is here meant, is the tamarix Gallica, a shrubby tree that grows to about twenty feet in height, and is fond of wet places. (Compare Miguel, Hoem. Flor., p. 39. Moztbel, ad loc.)-a-yiec0ov Aiptia f1Savr', /C. T. 2. 1" Having broken the curved chariot at the extremity of the pole." The yoke was fastened to this part of tho pole As soon, therefore, as this was broken off, the horses were freed, and went off with the yoke.-.-vrvuevot OoGefovro. "Were flying panic-struck."-6dox6atoKov i Eyto. Compare book iii., 346. 46-50. Typet. -" Take me alive," i. -e., kill me not, but lead me away captive. Compare the scholiast, (vra.dyE. In book v., 698, owypeo had the meaning of!' to recall to life,".. to revive. "-n(rotva. (OorCpzr0 hanck i., 13 -rwoTG( d' Fv'b'elod warooc, i. r. 2... "F NO'T'ES TO AO(K vr many valuable tLings lie treasured up in tile (nouse) ot my wealthy father." WVith wrarp6r supply c'lKW, or 66tu.J. —Tv. " From these.' — aTrepeLat'. Compare book i., 13.-b-e Eobv. "Of my being alive." 51-54. T- 6'c Ipa &vvpzv, K.. T. Compare book iii., 149.. Some MSS. give T7rrtOev here in place of 6p'vev, but the latter is the more Homeric form, and the former appears to be a mere gloss or intepretation.-4-o(. Eri vag. To be construed with Kara/E~v.-6. riof iEov. "Running in the opposite direction." Observe the difference of accentuation between 9fEov here, the participle of liet, and &c(uv, the genitive plural of aeoJ. 55-60.'tQ 27rrov, 6 MrvgAae. Compare book ii., 235. —h ao diptare, C.... "Certainly very excellent (services) have been ren dered thee at home by the Trojans.". An ironical allusion to the wrong done -by Paris. The train of ideas is as follows: By al. means show mercy to the Trojans, and spare their lives on the battle-field, since they have benefited thee so much in thy domestic affairs,- and have been so regardful of the rights of hospitality!uyd' bvrtva. For ydci IKKLevoC ovrcva. —ycaarpt. Eustathius makes this equivalent here to e'v. /C6rp, since, according to him, Koipov cannot stand for'A6pvov, the child in the womb. The explanation, however, is an erroneous one, since, as Heyne remarks, the ternr coiipov can very well mean here a child as yet unborn. y7j&- of6 Oyot. " May not even he escape."-a-i' Ui'a 7LV7TEf, K. T. At. "But may all together utterly perish out of Ilium, without funeral honors, and without a trace (of them being left)." More literally, "unburied and unseen." The ancient grammarians have sought to justify the cruelty of spirit here displayed by Agamemnon. but with little success. His speech is in full accordance with the barbarism of his age. Knight regards the whole passage as an interpolation, but on very insufficient grounds. 61-65. Erpeipev. "Changed." —ailata 7rapeuZr6v. "Having advised the things that were right."-fbaaro. The force of the mid. die is here strengthened by irro O ev, since CaaTro alone properly means" he thrust at ay from himself." —pw'. For,p-oa. Thiersch (3 196, 52) thinks that the true form of the accusative here is ipGo, following the analogy of Mzvw. But we ought, in that event, as Spitzner remarks, to write V'puv, thus preventing the hiatus —c'verpwlrEro. "Fell over." —XLE iev ar.O0ecat 6iSf. "Having trod on his breast with his heel." Compare book v., 620. 67-71.- S;X~ot,'i/paef Aavaoe, ic. r. Xi. Compare book ii., 110. — ivaooiv Irt6a;aURexlvo;. "Setting his mind upon spoils." Observe the middle force of.e6aT26-o/evoC; literally'throv irlg himselr, K K 2 S90 NOTES 1 -100OOK Nr. upon," a. e., eagerly turning his attention to. Nestor recommenda that no one loiter behind for the sake of spoils, but that they slay the foe now, and spoil them afterward. —i ICEV evrr~elcra apOv, K. r. 3t. I" That he may go to the ships bearing very many away," i. e. loaded with spoil.-8rretra 6d Kal Tra Ecykoltc, r. T. X. "And afteiward these also ye shall strip off undisturbed from the dead corpses o~ er the plain." The reference in, r7c is to the evapa, or spoils, as implied in evcdpav that precedes. Observe, also, the peculiarpJeonasm in vespov re6Ovlcra7, which is somewhat palliated by the additional idea of lying or remaining' implied by the perfect participle. C ompa.,'e, also, Od., x., 530, Kvef CC Karare7v,6Ire.c-acL rrTEdiov. For ace treicov. 73-76.'Apgi&cvi;wv' ir''AXaCv. "Under the influence of the Greeks dear to Mars," i. e., through the prowess of the warlike 3reeks. —ivaAXKE[iV dal'dvr7E. "Subdued through their own spiritlessness."' —E;levof. Helenus, son of Priam and Hecuba, was Iamed for his skill in auguries, but was at the same time a distin guished warrior. According to the post-Homeric legends, he received, after the death of Pyrrhus, a portion of the oluntry over which that prince had ruled in Epirus, and married Arnt(romache. (Compare Virg,., Mn., iii., 295, 333.) —oLOvor6twv OX' apwroT(). Comi pare book i., 69. 77-85. r6ovo: yelc;tt.ral. " The toil (of battle) leans.," i. e., has been made to rest. XEneas and Hector are here addressed as the two most prominent warriors of the Trojan and allied host, on whose exertions the whole fate of the battle depends.-AvtKiwv. T'he Lycians are here put for the allies in general. Compare the scholiast: AvKicV Kar' ~eVar ov,. r7dv av#/1GJXOV.-OVViEKC' apIrOL T aauv inr' iOv, K. T. X. " Because ye are the best for every purpose, both as regards fighting and planning." The term 1i6r properly denotes any "' direct impulse," or " purpose," and then, generally, " a plan," *"an undertaking." Compare the scholiast: ivr'i 6opt0i, a ror 70o 7p6oaw 0tpe0aat. —arOr' a'vrov.'"Make here a stand." The Trojans vere in full retreat, and already near the gates of the city. Hel enus. in this emergency, calls upon lEneas and Hector to make a stand before the gates, and rally the forces. WVhen this shall have been done, Helenus engages that he and the other chieftains waill maintain their ground until Hector enters the city, a-id has anin. terview with his mother respecting a precession to the temple of Minerva. VIqv a' Ev XepoT yv'atitKwv, r. T. ".'Before that, on the con trail co-iticuing to flee, they fall illto the hands of their wives, NOTI)ES TO v O30X VI. 391 ad become a source of joy to their enemies," i. e., bef( re they en ter the city in tumultuous flight, and there meet, their wr;ves, who have been lining the ramparts as anxious spectators oi the fight. Compare the explanation of Heyne: "Ifug-ere in urbem, obviam factis uxor ibus." Observe that ~Edyovrag refers back to ao6v, and consult Kiihner, 4 848, 5, p. 463, Jelf. 86-92.'Etcroo, diirp oa. After the vocative, as in the preser;t c:a;e, a clause is often introduced by means of a particle. Observe, moreover, that &rd-p shows the opposition to!eel!d- juvaxiVc61e6', K. r. A. — de' vvyovoa yepae&-, e. r. A. ". Andl let her, collecting together the females of rank unto the temple," &c. Observe the peculiar construction here. The strict arrangement would have been, Ebr1' r, #ar-pt.... aVTeiv Uvvdyov'aV... oifacav....evat. The poet, however, substitutes the following 6....... evat,;" and let her.... place." Heyne and others explain this by supplying /e/vacr0o, "let her remember," or " bear in mind," i. e., let her take care to place. This, however, is quite unnecessary. It is much better to regard &elvaL as a virtual imperative, and to connect 4 with it at once by a kind of irregular, it is true, but, at th.e same time, poetical syntax, the rapidity of idea dispensing with strictness of construction; and thus 4 idEtvae will be equivalent, in fact, to V Odesao. yepatdS. Compare Hesychius: yepamt'g Evrigovc yvvaiKaf, raTf y4 ea ri ixodaaca. Consult, also, Apollonius,~ Lex. Homrn., s. v. -,'Vl,. The accusative of motion to a place.-ev r6omet a&cpsp. "In the highest part of the city." The temple of Minerva, according to Eustathius, was in the citadel. —irirr2ov. Consult note on book v., 315.-i-vt pleydrp9. " In her abode," i. e., in the royal palace.-K-a: ) 7roa0v i.rarogC aVrT,. "And by far the most valued by her own self."' —di i'oivasev. From this expression it appears that the statue was in a sitting posture. Strabo informs us that many statues of Minerva were thus represented,. (Consult Heyne, ad loc.) 93-102. tcat ol vSroEXdaO0a, S. r. Pc. "And let her promise unto h'er that she will sacrifice in her temple twelve yearling heifers, untouched by the goad," &c. The same remarks that were made above with respect to the grammatical construction of OeiLvat will apply here to TroaxeoOaa.-'jKearaC. By this are meant animals that have never yet been worked, and therefore such as were used purposely for sacrifices, having been F-'ofaned by'no human uses (Compare Tacitus, "nullo mortali ope6e contacti." Germ. 10.) yolrroepa q566oto. Consult note on book v., 272. —yevioOat. "Has all of a sudden becotrn " Observe the force of the aorist;n ind 392 N011i3S TO BOK VI. eating a sudden result. -- pXauov,idpdv. "Leader ot men." Compare book ii., 837.- a-27/v,paihrat. "Rages excessively.'-;:roapieltv. "To vie." 103-110. aiTliKa 6' if bXov, K. T. X. Compare book v., 494, segg — 0av 6d RLv' Pdavir-ov, K. r. X. The Greeks thought that some god must have descended from the skies and rallied the Trojans, so suddenly blad they wheeled about and made a stand. against their pursuers.-as ~?hlxOev. " In such a way did they wheel around," t. e, with so much spirit and bravery. Observe that ac has here the force of oiVro'c, as the accentuation indicates. 111-118. rTneK2LevrTOl. Consult note-on book v., 491.-vi:5.rac6e d6 doppt6oldo aaK. "' And bethink yourselves of ardent courage."5op' d(v ey fl3eio. "While I go." —ypovalv pov2,evrat. " To the aged counsellors," i. e., to the elders composing the council or the state. It would be the province of these to arrange the intended procession.-daij/oav apvaaaeOat.."To pray to the gods."-,Kca.r6'6sc. Consult Glossary, p. 481. —fiyi de uItv oPvpa Trvrre, K. 7r. "' And the black hide kept striking him on each side, upon his angies and neck; the circular rim, which ran (round) at the extreme edge of his bossy shield." A very graphic description; and, as C arke remarks, we have Hector actually before the view. The shif d of the warrior must be supposed to be a long oval one, sufficiently large to cover his whole person. Over the frame-work of this a hide is placed, and over the hide plates of metal. All around the edge or rim the hide projects from under the plates, forming what is here termed a, kind of divrvS, or border. Now when Hector de-.-arts from the fight, he throws this shield on his back, and as he moves rapidly along, the projecting hide keeps flapping against and ~triking his neck and ankles on each side of his body, the shield reaching from head to foot, and being also broad enough to cover the whole back, which last-mentioned circumstance serves to ex. plain the true force of (tto''. —avrv~. In apposition with d6p[la.nrvlJdrn. Literally. "as the extremity," and hence governing 4a. 7r'do, 119-121. rn.acOo;. Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, was one of the bravest warriors of the host, and led the Lycians along with Sarpedon (book ii., 876). It has been thought that the preseLt episode was introduced here to gratify the descendants of Glaucus, who, according to Hcrodotus (i., 147), were persons of rank in Ionia. (Compare B6ttiger, Vaseng. -Freret, Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscr., viii., p. 85.-Larcher, ad Herod., 1. c.)-E-c oa0ov.d/4foTp(ov. Comrn nare book iii., 69. They advanced as iro6iuaXot into the open space NOTES To nOOK VI- 393 beiween the two armies. —o 6' ore I5 oXe66ov /mvaa. r. A. (Com. rare book iii., 15.) 123-129. rig 6We aUv L, Ic. T.'. This long dialogue betwreen Glaucus and Diomede appears to a modern reader, unacquainted with the customs of Trojan times, altogether wanting in probability. We must bear in mind, however, that, at this early day, they did not, in general, fight in whole masses, but most commonly individual heroes came forth here and there, and engaged in front of the two hosts, who remained quiet spectators of the conflict. Besides, we must remember that the conference here described does not take place during the battle itself, but only after the Greeks have receded, and the Trojans have turned around and halted from their flight. peptare. " Most valiant (man)." A mere title of honour, like 6iog, 6it,LoUwv, &c.-od yiev yap. Observe that?iv is here equivalent to,plv. —o&roa dXu. We may suppose that Glaucus now takes a miore conspicuous part in the fight than on previous occasions, since he succeeds to the command of the Lycian forces, in consequence of Sarpedon's having retired wounded from the battle. —ro~2b fr-o6761eKag. " Thou hast far surpassed."-6var-evcov &d re cram6e', K. r.;a "But children of the unfortunate are even they that encounter ily might."-Kar' od'pavov. "Down from heaven." Observe the adverbial force of KaraT. Diomede, in the earlier part of the fight, could,'thtouglh the faculty bestowed upon him by Minerva, easily distinguish a god from a mortal. We must suppose, however, that this gift had left him when the goddess took her departure from the battle-field. 130-133. ov6, yaip ovCd. Compare book v., 22. —-.Avc6opyog. Epic for.AvKoipyog. Lycurgus, the son of Dryas, was king of the Edones in "'trace, and, according to the legend, drove out of his territories the nurses of Bacchus, that is, the Bacchantes, who wished to inticoduce the worship of this deity.. In consequence of this, he was deprived of his sight. The post-Homeric version of the story, however, makes him to have killed his own son with an axe, mistaking him for a vine branch, and to have been afterward bound by his subjects, and left on Mount Pangoeus, where' he was destroyed by wild horses. (Apollod., iii., 5, 1.) —6dv'v. " Long exist." —of 7'ore ulatvo1LVOtO, IC. T. A. " Who once chased along the sacred Nyseali mount the nurses of the phrensied Bacchus." Observe that?uatvo,-. i'oto here refers, in fact, to the wild orgiastic wotrship of the god. -Nvaoiov. Supply Spoc. Mount Nysa in Thrace, in the territory of the Edones is he'e meant. as the context plainly show-rsq, t he 394 -NOTES TO BODE VL. one iLL India, nor the hills of Nyse in Euboea. Cornpaie te11 scho liast: Nva'Zov - Trv Aeyo/cvvm, Nvaav hpct b: &ye rC piF K- C viov. 134-144. v:aORla Xapuai icar7XEvav. "Let fall their sacred imple. ments on the ground." Some make Oi9~Oa here mean merely the Ohyrsi. It denotes, however, all the sacred implements, including:be thyrsus. —Pov-vrXyt. "With an ox-goad." Bryant makes this legend of Lycurgus and the ox-goad a theme for some of his wildest reveries. —daeeO'' dcag o KaTr Kiua. "Plunged down into the wave f the sea."-V-wredrearo. As ~rod6io/lat properly means to receive as a guest, i. e., to shelter, so here, too, it conveys the idea of protcction.-h-vdphc duoK. " On account of the threatening shout of the man."-T-,5 jv'. Referring to Lycurgus. —/ea'dov7re. " Who wive in ease," i. e., without trouble and toil, like the men of the Golden Age, and the blessed in Elysium. (Compare Hesiod, Op. et D., 112.) eait uLv it)bAOv 6i7yCe, K. r. X. Blindness is often mentioned as a punishment from the gods. Compare the legends of Phineus and Tiresias, and consult book ii., 599, seqq., in relation to the story of Thamyris.-o' Jpopn7C icap7rov Edovotv. "Who eat the fruit of the ground." Thus the early world designated men in contradistinction from the gods. Compare book v., 341. — (' ev qdZaov, K. -. 7A. "In order that thou mayest sooner arrive at the completion of destruction." More literally, " at the farthest limits of destruction.' 145-150. yeve~v. "My race," i. e., my family or lineage. - o irep -65Aowv yeVEE,' K. T...'Even as is the race of leaves, such, on the other hand, is also (that) of men." As regards the force oi &d here in the apodosis, consult the remarks of Thiersch, Q 316, 13. The common reading 7l'ode is incorrect, as is shown also by Butt. mann (ad Soph., Philoct., 87).-tiAVcV~w y/eve. Eustathius regards this as a mere periphrasis for O:AXa. Not so, however, by any means. The idea intended to be conveyed by the expression is a beautifully poetic one, and the leaves that are produced in one and the same spring are regarded as all belonging to one and the same Xace or generation. O6Xaa Ta ptE, K. r. "A. SRme leaves, indeed, the wind even seat ters on the ground." Literally, "the leaves, some of them," &c. When 6 5/ev.... o 6 follow a plural noun, this is usually and strictly in the genitive, yet often, as in the present instance, in the carne case with o6 iEv. Not that another case is put for the genitive u,,. the word expressing;he whole is put in apposition with its pars., as being equal to thera. Hermann (ad Vig., p. 702' makes r/ fcdv ia ihe text equivalent to 2 ua,. but ther it is hard to say to) what o,0~ NOTES TO 300K VI. d95 a to be referrod.-M-da Ud. " While others." Put for ira dU.capoe J''.,y~yverat 5dpi. " Since the season of spring is coming on." Ch43rve here the causal signification of d6. In place of the nominative upn, the common text has the dative spy, "and they arise in succession in the season of spring." This, however, is a harsh construction.-c3' dcvdpcv yevei. Supply kEiI. —vent. "Springs up." Observe that ocwe is here employed intransitively in the pres-.nt, a circumstance of very rare occurrence, since this meaning is )Aherwise given in the active voice only to the second aorist and the perfect. (Consult Sladelmann, ad loc. —Kihner, ~ 360, p. 12, Jelf, and compare Theocrit., iv., 24.) 151-157. 71rwo2Oi d6E ttv, I. r. A. The ordinary text has a colon after iaactv. It is much better to make the clause parenthetical, giving de the meaning of " and."- yvx6'Apyeog lriro66To. " In the farthest nook of the horse-feedingPeloponnesus." The city of Corinth appears to be here meant by Ephyra; and, as it stood at the top of the Peloponnesus, the language of the text would seem to suit it with sufficient accuracy. Nitzsch is also in favour of this explanation (ad Od., iii., 260), but Stadelmann declares for a town in Elis, to the east of the mouth of the Selleis and south of Cyllene -'Apyeog. Consult note on book i., 30. ZivQoio. Sisyphus, son of LEolus, had the reputation of being the most crafty prince of the heroic age. He was said to have been the founder of Ephyra, or Corinth.-BE;aEpo 6veTi7v. Accord i'ng to the legend, as given by later writers, the original name of this individual was Hipponoos, but having accidentally killed a peison named Bellerus (BiEaEpoc), according to others, his own broth er, he obtained from this circumstance his second name, which meant " slayer of Bellerus" (B32DAepor and 06vrT1p, i. e., yoved,).- ivopEirv'patretvyv. "'A pleasing manliness."-lHpoiro0. Bellero phon, after the homicide just mentioned, fled to the court of Proetus, at Tiryns in Argolis. Prctus had been before this driven out of Argos by his brother Acrisius; and had fled to Iobates, king of ILycia, who gave him in marriage his daughter Antea (by later writers called Sthenobma), and brought him back to Argolis, where he, obtained the sovereignty of Tiryns. 158-165.'rovb OiprEpo~'Apyefov. " By far the most powerful of the Argives."-Zeic ydp oi v7ro' aic'rrmrp iuedaaaev. Referring t(, his subjugation of the c)untry by the aid of lobates his father-in. iaw. - &irelzvearo. s" Had a frantic desire." —. cya&6 qppvivr-a " Thinking: aright," i. e., influenced by virtuous: sentiments. -- reOvain. t5 IooZr', K. 7. 2'"Mayest thou lie dead, 0 Pr'etiis,,)m el* 396 NOTES TO BOOI't. do thou put to death Belleropho:i," i. e., it is better for thee t, div thyself, ii thou wilt not put to death Bellerophon. Compare the scholiazt: 5ri ica6,v aot, &roOaveiv, IHpoire, Et tz~ rtjuop7fcataLf 1T fi6plofavra 7e. The meaning of Antea is, that the outrage attempted to be committed by Bellerophon was of such a nature, that Prce. tus, if h'b allowed Bellerophon to go unpunished, deserved to die himself, as one insensible to wrongs that no man of spirit could er. lure. 166-169. olov 6Kovaev. "At what sort of a thing he had heard. -ae66aaero yap r6ye hOvuM. " For he had a religious dread of this in soul." To have put him to death would have been a violation of the rights of hospitality, as Bellerophon was his guest.-AvgKivde. To Lycia, where his father-in-law Iobates reigned. —r6pev d 6yte 77j.arTa;vypa, K. T. A. "And he delivered to him baneful tokens, having represented in a folded tablet many deadly things." Apollo dorus understands by ah7yara an actual piece of writing, since he says, in relating this legend, IIpoiroc.... &Kev'rierTroAat' avr~ -rpbO'Io6carrv tic6tietv (Apollod., ii., 3, 1). But we have not the slightest trace of any acquaintance with writing in t-he time of Homer. Wolf has shown very conclusively that the aiyaTra Avypa here mentioned are a kind of conventional marks, and not letters, and that this story is far from proving the existence of writing. Throughout the whole of Homer everything is calculated to be heard, nothing to be read (Prolegom., p. lxxiv, lxxxii, scqq.). It is true, Nitzsch, Kreuser, and others have proved that the use of writing was common in Greece full one hundred years before the time which Wolf had supposed; yet there is no proof whatever that the Homeric heroes were acquainted.with it. ~In the present instance the aijuara were evidently a rude kind of hieroglyphics, or symbols, like the Mexican picture-writing, the import of which was known alone to the son-in-law and father-in-law. These symbols or marks were cut or graven on the tablets (observe here the peculiar force of ypacia), and these tablets, being two in number, were folded one upon the other, so e.s to form in appearance but a single one, and the whole was then secured by a st.ring and knot. —f5p' 7rw6Xotro. The import of the aimraTa was'hat Iobates should make away with Bellerophon. 171-176. igeiCv 7r' ([tVtcL 71rrolr,. "Under the blameless gui. dance of the gods," i. e., under their favourable guidance. As Bel. lerophon came safely to Lycia, this is ascribed to the kind interpo. sition of Heaven in behalf -of one who was innocent.-cdveov. Compare book v.. 479. —iroobooviwc. "Willingly."-EvvFi~ap:gts"a NOTES TO POOK VI. 3:/ r. Eusiathius informs us that itwas, according to somne an an cient custom, on the part of entertainers, not to inqu: re of a giiezi who he was, or whence he came, till the tenth day. —lvvia IfoCS lepc1vaev. On each of the nine days an ox was slain in sacrifice, and a banquet! followed. —ac/ya. " The token." The idea intend ed to be conveyed by the poet appears to be this: Iobates, on the tenth day, asked Belleiophon whence he came, and when the lat ter had informed him that he brought a rivaf from Prcetus to him lobates requested to see this. 179-183. Xiucapav. The Chimnera is, according to Homer, a monster "of divine origin, in front a lion, behind a serpent, and in the middle a she-goat;" and it was reared by King Amisodarus ip Caria (II., xvi., 328). Hesiod, on the other hand, makes the Chi maera a daughter of Typhon and Echidna, with three heads, one ot a lion, another of a she-goat, and a third of a serpent (Theog., 319. seqq.). The residence of this monster was Mount Cragus in Lycia The common explanation of the fable is, that the Chimaera typifies a burning mountain, having lions on its summit, goats along the middle parts, and serpents at the bottom. Compare Fellows' Lycia, i. 183, on the title-page of which work is a vignette drawn from an ancient terra-cotta, representing a Chimaera. —7rvppr/ pEvoC acloui.,otlo. " The force of flaming fire," i. e., a strong blast of flame. — #arTereovE. According to a later legend, altogether unknown to Homer, Bellerophon was aided in this affair by Minerva, who gave him the winged steed Pegasus, on the back of which animal he mounted into the air, and destroyed the Chimaera from above by his arrows. 184-190. deVTEpov a' ZoLaVOtLc, K. r. X. The Solymi are said tc have been an ancient people of Lycia, who were driven into the mountains by new settlers, and who waged continual wars with tbhem.-KCapriarU7v d7b1 r7jPyY e pxv, K. r. X. "This, indeed, he said was the- hardest battle of men that he had ever entered."-'A/a`i vat. Compare book iii., 18J. —r) d' tp' a'dvepxoouiv, K. 7. X. ". Aue hereupon against him, returning, (Prcetus) wove another subtle plot,' i. e., returning from the slaughter of the Amazons. —Kptvac. " Hay ing selected."-eace 2d6Xov. " He planted an ambuscade." (Com pare book i., 227.) Literally, "he caused an ambuscade to sit. Compare the remark of Heyne, "scilicet proprium in insidiis sedcSee." i91-199. cdsL' bre d' J yiyVWoCe. Supply'lo6u7i- r. After Bellero phon had achieved all these enterprises so successfully, lobates, in tle true spirit of his age, concluded that he ax rist be the son of i aotn, or a d.oyfviic. IHe accordingly abandoned the idea of destrov L, x. 398 NOTES TO 100K V'1..ng him, gare him his daughter in marriage, and shared all his i& gal honours with him. —KarspvKe. "He detained." —&vya,7ipa iv This was Philonoe, the sister of Antea (Apollod., ii., 3, 2). —ra7y 3aatciridoC rdartc. "Of all his regal honour." lobates did not share with him his kingdom, as some misunderstand the passage, but merely the honours of royalty. ot ru evoc rdtiov. " Separated for him an enclosure." This was a common mode, in the Homeric ages, of honouring distinguished merit.-KaX6v. "'Beautiful." This epithet, in accordance with Homeric usage, is to be rendered by itself.-Ovrea2t t Kai Lpodp7. "Of plantation and corn-land." Observe here the employment of what is termed the attributive genitive, depending in construction on ri-uevoC. (Kiihner, { 534, p. 159, Jelf.) —6qpa vYuotro. That he might possess it." The verb vios in the middle properly means " to distribute among themselves," and hence "to have and hold as one's own property," "to p:ssess." wrapeaero. " Had clandestine intercourse." —eap7r6d6va. Sarpedon is called here by Homer the son of Jupiter and Laodamia. According, however, to the later myth, Sarpedon was the son of Euander and Deidameia daughter of Bellerophon, and grandson of in earlier Sarpedon, the brother of Minos. (Dioed. Sic., v., 79.) 200-204. iA' 5r5e di tKai' Ktcevof, -. r. 2. "But when now even he was hated by all the gods." Observe that,KEevoS refers to Bellerophon, and mark the force of the conjunction teai, implying that even he who had hitherto been so highly favoured by the gods was now hated by the same. It seems that Bellerophon became melancholy, after the loss of two of his children in early life, and wandered away from the haunts of men into places of solitude. In the spirit of that age, this melancholy was regarded as a punishment from on high. According to later legends, however, Bellerophon attempted to rise with Pegasus into heaven, but Jupiter sent a gadfly, which stung the winged steed so severely, that he threw off the cider to earth, who became lame or blind in consequence. (Pind., Isthm., vii., 44. Schol. ad Pind., 01. xiii., 130.) rojt O K6ia'r irediov irO'A;'7iov, T.?. 2A. "He wandered thereupon alone over the Aleian Plain." The Doric and Epic writers often throw away the final vowel of Karc even before a consonant, and then assimilate Kair to that same initial consonant. Hence we have heIre ricr rrediov for Kii( ( i. e., KaCT) -ediOv. The old text had icarrrd6io; as one word, until Wolf separated it. —ediov rin'AXuZov. This ex. pression properly means "the Plain of Wandering." The Aleian Plain lav between the Ritiers Pyramus and Pinarus in Cilicia. na, .rv-NOTES TO BOOK VI. 39U tar Ironl tle nity of Mallos. (Herod., vi., 85.-Strab., xiv., p. 67o.j The name awas supposed to have been derived from the wandering (a'r.A) of Bellerophon in this quarter. Bentley objects to the hiatus in r'AZjiov and suggests TOT''Aijiiov, but we have here merely an instance o what is not uncommon in Homer, namely, an hiatus in the feminine casura of the third foot. (Thiersch, ~ 141, 2, b.)i, -Qv/pv iar6dwv. " Consuming his own soul." - 205-208. r7'v d6. His daughter Laodamia is meaut.-X-oawa~as rz. Angry, says the scholiast, because Bellerophon, the father of Laodamia, had slain her Amazons.-Xpvaijvtoc'ApTreLg. " The golden-reined Diana," i. e., the goddess Diana borne along in her chariot, &c. All sudden deaths of men were ascribed to Apollo; of women, to Diana.-'Ir'r6rtoxog 6d' fE' Ervtre. The common text has 6d F' ETlXcre, but the emphatic form of the pronoun is required here to rn,-rk the opposition. —aiv ptareE tvi, I.. ". Ever to be conspicuous for valour, and superior to others." A noble verse, and deservedly eulogized by both ancients and moderns. 213-218. EyXogg,tv KaeTr7rev. Diomede fixed down his spear in the ground as a sign that he wished to refrain from the combat aflter having learned that Glaucius was a guest-friend of his family. It was unlawful for one to fight with another who was connected withhim by the ties of hospitality. —,ueXtX[otat. Supply E7reacv. /LotL EZvog qrarpio6g'eaamt -ra0al6. " Thou art an old hereditary guest-friend unto me," i. ce., thou art connected with me by the ties of hospitality on the father's side. CEneus, the grandfather of Diornede, was connected by these ties with Bellerophon the grandfather of Glaucus, and the connexion continued through the fathers unto the sons. —p;t'ac. "Having detained him."-Setvwia Kcalc. "' Beautiful hospitality-tokens," i. e., presents which those connrected by the ties of hospitality were accustomed to give to one an;ther. 219-231. owai- pa. Consult note on book iv., 150. —oivKLa 0aetvov. "Bright with purple." Compare book iv., 141. —di.raf a/uqtc75re;Aov. Consult note on book i., 584.-R-v. "It," i. e., the'oar7pT Observe that clv is here for aevriv. —iv. " Coming away." —Tv(da d' oi' yfavqyat. Observe that F(IjvqfIat, in the sense of " to retain in me'inory," governs here the accusative. Verbs of remembering commonly take the genitive. (Kiihner, 1 513, Obs.) —,ic 2s0'. Ty. deus was engaged in the war against Thebes, on which account Diomede was brought up by his grandfather. (Ap.2od., i., 8, 5.)feivor pfiog. "' A guest-friend," i. e., connet.1I with thee vY the ties of Hospitality and friendship. 400 NOTES TO BOOK VI. Apydi. The city of Argos is meant, orer which.Diomnede wax king. —,'Sv duomv. " Unto the people of these," i. e., unto the Ly. eians.-2e(5e/eOa. "Let us avoid." Observe that ill the.rie, din6; which we have adopted, namely, gyXEXt,'his term is: governed by a&.E6jieOa. The common text, on the otlher hand, has eyXeai, and the meaning will then be, "let us avoid one another with spears." This, however, is decidedly inferior.-Kai d' 6/yiuov. " Even through the crowd," i. e., even in the confusion andy throng of the fight, where one cannot easily defend himself against the coming spear.-e-oi IcTrlvetv. " For me to slay." —'5r'es &ES ye r'6p1, K. r. T. "Whatsoever one a god indeed may deliver (unto me), and I may overtake with my feet."-17rapzeibouev. "Let us exchange." With the shortened mood-vowel, for n'eraeubEouev. The active voice, about which Heyne entertains doubts, stands here rightly enough.'the middle, on the contrary, is required by verse 339. The exchanging of armour appears to have been a common custom; and so, likewise, was the renewing of the ties of hospitality. -oi'de. "These here." Referring to the Greeks and Trojans, who were spectators of the affair. 232-236. Kac' 7ZTrsov. " Down from their chariots." -wwrtaravro. Plighted mutual faith." Observe the force of the middle. —vI' acre rai1cK Kpovildy, K. r. X. 1" Then, moreover, Jove, the son of Saturn, took away from Glaucus his judgment." -The poet means that Glaucus here acted with inconsiderateness and folly, since he never for one moment reflected on the superior value of his own golden armour; and such want of judgment was, in the spirit of that age, ascribed to the agency of the gods. Porphyrion, however, and after him Eustathius, think this explanation unworthy of the poet, since it carries with it an open censure of the noble sentiments that actuated Glaucus. They therefore make /pvaaf tEeiero equivalent here to /pdvaSf'atp~rovg Eroiyaev, " he inspired him with elevated sentiments," z. e., he caused him, in the generous glow of the moment, to overlook the great disparity between the two suits of armour. - This view of the matter is also concurred in by Madame Dacier, Riccius, Damm, and others; but it is decidedly erroneous. Wherever the phrase ie2XOg0at oppvaf occurs elsewhere in i-omer, it refers- to deprivation of understanding for the time being; and the poet therefore, on the plesent occasion, must be regarded as merely expressing his opinion of the inconsideratenesq of Glaucus, according to the judgment gecerall'v formed by men of such a mode of conduct..oiarFa yaceiov vc. r. TX. A " Golden for brazen, (arlrs) wvor'h a NOTES rc Book V; 40 nuntred beeves for (those) worth nine beeves.' There was no coined money among the Greeks in Homeric times, and the value of things was commonly v'estimated in cattle. (Compare Od., i., 431.) 237-241.;Katiur xr0ar. Compare book v., 789. —07y6ov. CoInpare book v., 693. —0ov.: For E'eov.-eipprvevat. "Inquiring about." — &ra re. "And relatives." By reat are here meant the more distant relatives, not mere friends, as some suppose. (Consult the remarks of Nztzsch, ad Od., iv., 3.)-tfeSrg. "In succession," i. e., as fast as they met and interrogated him. Some refer this term to &eoZ,; but erroneously,- since Hector merely enjoins upon them to propitiate Minerva alone.-7wroaRuat 6d id/6e' enorro. "And troubles' were suspended over many," i. e., and he filled the breasts of man),)f them with troubled alarm. lpaiLtoto 6doov. We have in this passage a description of an Homeric dwelling, which differs in many respects from those of a later age. A portico runs around the building: passing through this, we come to the av?', which is here an inner court, or quadrangle. On one side of this were fifty bedchambers, occupied by the sons of Priam and their wives; and, facing these, in the same court, fifty other bedchambers, for the sons-in-law of the monarch and their partners. In other parts of the Homeric poems, the rooms of the women are in the upper story (~Irep~pov). In the later Greek dwellings, the apartments of the men were towards the gate. of the women, at the farthest extremity of the house, in the rear. — ~cTorolo ioto. " Of polished stone." —Kovpdov. "Of his daugh ters."-E'vdcoev acvi'. "Within the court." Observe that avc~L4 here means a central hall, or quadrangle.-7ulrt66wpoc,irrlp. " Hi fond mother."-~Evavrti. "In the opposite direction." —v r' upa ol a yEtpi. 1" And thereupon she' clung to him with her hand." Corn pare note on book i., 513.-'Sc r' 6vouacev. Compare note on book i., 361. 254-262. r;062euov Opaabv. "The daring battle." — p6Cia 7! Tretpovat, K. r. a. "Surely now the abominable sons of the Greeks greatly harass thee." —i- 5sKpqrf Tr6Sneso "From the highest part of the city," i. e., from the acropolis, or citadel.-Ati Xeilpac avaaxelv On the, acropolis were temples of Jupiter (book xxii., 172), Apollo (book v., 446), and Minerva (book vi., 88 and 297). —5Qpa Ke irE~. ~' Until I shall bring."-Tretra 6ei K' abrof, IC. r. 2. "And mayest then be refreshed thyself, in case thou drink." Observe tlhat6SC is to be repeated with this clause, arid also that bv.waeat is'with the shortened mood-vowel for vmancalt.-rpnclV. This worn appears to 4n02 NOTES TO BOcK VI. have heie merely the signification of "friends." Compare nott on verse 239. 264-268. tLO tot etper. " Raise not for me," T. e., take not up to bring to me. Observe,that ujc with the present imperative implies the negation of an act already begun to be performed. So here, the parent is already hastening to bring the draught for her son, when he interposes and stops her. (Compare Hermann. Opusc., i., p. 2'70, seq.) —ul tc' ehrocyvtcc. " Lest thou enervate me."-Xepaiv tYi7rrot70 v. It was unlawful to perform any religious rite with un~washed hands. —ido/yat. "I dread."- od srry BanT. "Neither is it in any way lawful." Observe here the employment of-the emohatic EarT. Literally, "Neither is it in any way rfor one)." fience Esart is said to be here for Ceart.- -vOpG). Dust, from ~attle." 269-279. a7ye2dei[y. Compare book iv., 128. —avv Ovdeaatv. With }fferings of incense." Heyne thinks that victims are here meant; aut these are merely to be promised, not offered as yet.-a-o;lMaalaaa. "Having assembled."-ri7jriov 6'. Compare verse 90, seqq. 280-285.,eete2e-aozatc. "W Will go after." —opa IcaX2uawo.' That I may summon (him to the fight)."- Eir6vro0. Supply t/~oV. —S Kd ol avOA, Kc. r. A. "Would that the earth might yawn for him here." -eG i6ot/et. "If I could but see." There is no wish expressed here, as some suppose.-O-aiVv ie Op6v' dr7prov, tC. r. a. "I should say that I had quite forgotten joyless sorrow in soul." 286-296. irotr juyap'. "To her home." Consult Glossaiy on verse 137, book ii. — KceETro. " Gave orders."-1cceovra. Compare book iii., 382.-CveO' aav oi 7rEiraot, it. r. a. This verse and the three that follow are quoted by Herodotus (ii., 116) as belonging to the Aristeia of Diomede. Either the historian has erred in so doing, or else, as Heyne supposes, the ancients reckoned this part of the sixth book as belonging to the fifth. Compare the remarks of Bdhr, ad Herod., 1. c. —ra1,irofictXo. " All variegated," i. e., vari egated with all manner of colours. —Epya yvvatKSiv ltboviwv. The Sidonians were celebrated for their skill in embroidery, &c.-X-tJoviOev. "' From Sidonia." By t6Bov[q is meant that part of the coast of Phoenicia where the city of Sidon lay. Homer makes mention in his poems of Sidon merely. Tyre is unknown to him, although itselfa very ancient city, having been founded, according to Eusebius, 240 years before the building of Solomon's temple: According to Homer (Od., iv., 228), Paris came to Troy with Helen and hMr treasures by the way of Egypt and Phoenicia. In the Cyprian,Euics of Stasbhus, Paris was related to have been driven by NO'TL;s ro BOOK VrT, 3i;> a stoIin cn Lhe Phaenician coast, and there to have- plandelel Si. don, and to have carried off these Sidonian females, mentioned iin the text, as prisoners. t- rl ljs. "Having sailed over." S- id oddv, Vv'EiCr'7v, K. r. A. "Upon that voyage on which he led away ilelen of illustrious sire.;'" *rocK[ezaactv. a" With variegated figures."-'awrp 6' 3i &*7r2X7hre,.; nd it glistened like a star."-veiaroc. "The undermost," i. e., as being the most beautiful.-'MerECCedovro. "Hurried along with her." 298-303. Oeavc5. Theano was the daughter of C0sseus, a Thracian prince (Ri., xi., 223), and sister of Hecuba. (Compare book v., 70.) It is remarkable that a married female should be here named as priestess of Minerva. In a later age, as Eustathius remarks, the priestesses were virgins:,rapa ItEv rogS V5TEpOV at'C'pt.cat rapO6'vov: caav. rTv: yap TpCuES i nKav, K. r. 2. The scholiast and Eustathius infer from this, that Theano was elected priestess of Minerva by the suffrages of the people. Eustathius says, oVrE Krylper), oire ic yvov~g, oeVre Evbo iM i2L't v,'S' rae Ifraaaat, rtX rAX70jof e23ero: neither appointed by any lots, nor by right of inher itance, nor by the designation of a single person, but being one whom, as the ancients say, the people had chosen. By these words he describes the several ways of appointing priests which were used by the ancient Greeks. (Valpy, ad loc.) 62Xovy7,-. "With loud crying." The term b2Lo2lvy? is used of any loud crying, but especially of women invoking a god. —iKev'AOr vatir, iK. T. 2. Compare verse 92.-Vparo. The priestess offers up the prayer in the name of the queen and Trojan matrons. The suppliants were not aware that the prowess of Diomede on the present occasion was owing to the goddess herself. 305-312. Epvirwroe2t. " Protectress of the city." Minerva is here so called as having her temple in the citadel. —a:ov 6d "Break now." Observe the force of the expression, as indicating the earnestness of the prayer. The more common form would ba A6f.T'vvaet e'yXof, " grant that the spear be broken." —avrica vS. - Straightway now," i. e., the instant we receive tidings of so joyous an event, and may we receive these tidings immediately. —ep. va~n5mei. With shortened mood-vowel, for iepEV'acoJev.-daVvevs.' Refused," i. e., indicated refusal by the movement of the head!. (Consult Glossary.) The idea is figurative, of course. Virgil ex. presses it differently: " Diva solofixos oculos aversa tenebat." (Ani'., i., 482.) 2I-2320. &et67r "(Meantime) had gone." Observe the %orae 404 NOTES TO BOOK VI. of the pluperfect i.X marking rapidity of action.-'aivxc. Implyinl that he himself hal planned out the structure, and gratified, in so doing, his fondness for luxury and case, whereas so many of the other sons of Priam were content with a single itsZapoc —'iK.rover iv6pec. " Artificers." —Xdazi;ov cai 6tCzia ca a? a'v. "A bedroon. and a dwelling-room, and a hall." The 4ra/uoc- here spoken of corresponds to whAt in a later age was termed yvvatKalvt.rtr, or apartments for the women, while the 6idua answers to the (ivopWvtrtL, or men's apartments. The av'i is a hall for banquets, &c. tv6e&c7r71xv. "Eleven cubits long." This is an unusual lengthi for a spear. It was commonly about six or seven feet. In the fifteenth book, however (v. 677), Ajax wields a pole shod-with iron, and used in naval conflicts, of twenty-two cubits' length, 5var7iv 6dVKaetetKOCaUTrlrXV.-pL-potLOe &X arHittreero, c. T-. X. "And in fi'ont of the shaft gleamed the brazen point, while around ran a golden ring." The ring was at the junction of the head and:shaft, and served to keep them both together.". 321-324. 7rrovra. " Busying himself with." —o06uvra. "Exam ining." Menelaus had driven his spear through shield and corselet Paris was now examining into the extent of the injury. Accord.. ing to one of the scholiasts, some were accustomed to read here TOSa 06wrra, and made b6wovra the epic lengthened form for 0CvrTa, from ouw, " to cause to shine,"'" to polish." But such a meaning for facw is extremely doubtful. —/zerra dzoal yvvaLSiv. " Among her female slaves."- -repotK vTa epya. "Tasks of very famous work.' Referring to the labours of the loom. 325-331. Aatuo6vt', ov J/uv KaXa2, K. r. X. "Strange man, thou hast not well caused this anger to have a place in thy soul," i. e., it is not well that thou hast raised this anger in thy soul. The cause of this anger is not mentioned by the poet, and we are left entirely to conjecture. It must refer either to his having been worsted in the fight with Menelaus, or it must be anger against the Trojans for not having come to his rescue when Menelaus was dragging him away, or it must le a feeling of resentment at their wishing to de. liver him up to tne Greeks. - dzt ld/e. "Burns around,'-' i. e., rages around. —a d' riv uaXrcaLo ica'i OXtr. " And thou wouldst even quarrel with another," i. e., wouldst l eproach. Sapply P.rE.t stv after.uaXe'cato, literally, "wouldst fight in words "-.rov pue-O Bevra. "Anywhere relaxing."-I/ ridxa arv VprOv, KC.?..~. "I est the city be quickly burned with destructive fire." 333-341.'ExKop, riret ue tcar' alaav, i. r. A. Compare book iii., 56 r' de mj Oeo. Com)are book i., 76.-QOvTOl iyr Tpiw'w r6eaov, IC NOTES TO BOOBi Vt. 405 A. "Not so much, indeed, from anger, or indignation against the Trojans, was I sitting in the bedchamber, but I wished to give way to grief." He means grief on account of his defeat by Menelaus. The regular construction would be, o' ri-6,0ov X6o Ka} ve/aet,.... aov Uxet. —-xeti rpoTpawrea9at. More literally, "to turn myself towards grief," or, " to turn myself forward for grief." Compare the Latin, "se convertere ad luctum."-7rapeturoova'. "Having persuaded." —&p/u~za'. "Urged me." —vic d6' Eracypi6ETrat ivdpac.'For victory comes alternately unto men," i. e., changes from one to another; and therefore I may even in my turn succeed in a second conflict with Menelaus. — iluzetvov. "Wait for me."-d6ew. "Let me put on." Observe here the peculiar usage of the subiunctive, and consult Kaihner, ~ 416, p. 71, Jelf.-E-ywo 6d?~retqut. ~' And I will come after you." Observe the usage here of elrc in the present, with a future signification.-KtXnaeaEa i ae. " That I will overtake thee." 344-348. A(2ep'tLe i, IKvVog aK/oI7Xdavov, 6KpvOECaaC. "Brotherin-law of me, a mischief-devising, fearful wretch." The literal idea implied in KvvP6 is that of an impudent, shameless creature. The dog was a type among the ancients.of impudence and effrontery. Compare book i., 225. —Wt 6ode2'. " Would that." Consult note on book iii.; 40.-' oxeaOae 7rpoppovaa, r.. Xr.. "Some pernicious storm of wind had gone bearing me onward to a mountain." Literally, "(Oh) how some pernicious storm of wind ought to have gone," &c..To be borne away by the blast is merely an old form of expression for " to die," " to perish," &c. This bearing away is often ascribed to the Harpies, who are merely the storm-winds personified.-el odpor. She means to some lonely, barren mountain, where she might have perished undiscovered.-iEvea ye tKcyL' 47roespal.' There the wave would have swept me away." 349-358. re7KlparVro. "Have ordained."-&vdvp6o brEtr' (dEe;tiLov, t. r. A. " Then would that I had been the couch-companion of a better man, (of one) who understood both the indignation and the numnerous reproaches of men," i. e., one who had been impressed with a due l:sense of the: shame and infamy to which his actions might expose him, in case.he committed aught that was degrading. Literally,,' (Oh) how I ought then to have been the couch-com panion," &c.-rove-. Referring to Paris. — ptevef qireotl.'"A firm heart."- -orT'Cp' &aieo ead'Covat. " Nor will there, indeed, be one hereafter." (Consult Glossary on 6oriaac; t-rt capat lu tEravpi. tVeOat biol. "Therefore, also, I am of opinion that he will reap the fruit (of this)," i. c.. the bitter fruits of his levity tAnd war. ( manulI I' -mnp..s &Oti NOTES /'t; BOOK V.. twrei a5E!a.lara 7rovoc, K. r. A. "Since trouble has very great l.l1oomp)assed thy mind" i. e., seized upon it.-'A2e.,!cdv3pov dratj. -Alexander's evil folly ~-is regards the peculiar force of 6rq, consult note o..q book i., 412 —oiatv. Meaning herself and Paris. O-iodtuot. " The subjects of song," i. e., branded in song. 360-369. /jU jue cadOzi'. " Cause me not to sit down." Observe the force o/' the active here, as opposed to the middle, ca6ziov, "sit down." —ivbtbg 6rgoCvrat. Consult note on book i., 173.-,tei'o -r'odiv. "A regret for me."-p',vO0t. "Arouse."-'z' Karatutap4py.'May overtake me." —ob'har "The members of my family." Who thest, are is mentioned immediately after, namely, his wife and son.-el' Ert c0tv c r6rporroc, K. T7.. "Whether I shall come again, returning unto them," i. e., whether I shall ever see them again. No:ning can be more touching than this manly resignation of the unfortunate warrior, especially when we consider that his words are addressed to one who has been herself the cause of all this calamity. How striking, too, the change immediately after, from the apartment of the guilty lovers to the calm and chaste en dearments of wedded life. —6dv ue dalz6wov. "May now subdue me.' 370-380. d6utovf evvaterdtoviaC. "To his well-situated mansion," i. c., having a pleasant situation, and therefore agreeable to dwell in.-oed' evp'. " But he found not."-v,uEyaipotctv. 1" In her abode." Consult Glcssary on book ii., i37.-Eureira. " Well-clad." —rSp~ Y', 0ElcT7jKrEt. "Was standing upon a tower." Pluperfect in the sense of an imperfect. Andrortache was standing on a tower over the Scaan gate, beholding the fight. — 7ar/ 6Er' ovouSv R6v. " Stood still, having come to the threshold." Ei 6''ye lot, poat, K. r.. "Come, ye hand-maidens, tell me truly, if you will," i. e., if you please. This form of expression is generally regarded as elliptical, and equivalent to Ei de6 PfoXet (or fo6IeaOe) a'ye. Supply, in the present case, po'2 eaBe.-'- 9n. Eg ya?, 06ov, K. T. A. "Is she gone out anywhere to the mansions of hei sisters-in-law, or (those) of the well-clad wives of her brothers-in. law."-'AOrlvaty7. Supply vyl6v, or lep6v. —Tpeoai i)Vn2OKatcatoe detvl'doev iZaacKovrat. W'e have given EiV7r26Kaeov, with Bentley and Wolf, as an epithet of Minerva, in preference to ibrl206capuot, as re. (erring to Tpwai, which last is the reading of the common text Compare verses 92, 273, and 303, where mention is made of'AO/. veaf 7ijmiiCoto. Eustathius also sanctions EiiVr;~6calpov, but mentions, at the same time, tiT2L6Kauot as a various reading. 381-389. 6rpn p'j ra,uif7. "The sedulous housekeeper." The,auiv. or housekeeper, was a very imps rtant personage in the housQe NOTES TO BOOK VI. 40) hold, since the wives of heroes did not direct their attention in the east to the ordinary domestic affairs, but were occupied during the day, along with their female slaves, in weaving, &c.-p-vOijaaoOat. After this verb supply Ey7o 6S~ Kara2ufio, "I will thereupon inform thee." —eIri srSpyov eTyav. "To a lofty tower," i. e., to one of the lofty towers. —~7 ptv 6~ 7rpbc rEXoc?, K. jr. X. " She is now, indeed. going to the rampart, hastening along." —/tatvo/uvp eivba. Beautifully descriptive of the distraction of Andromache at the thought tl.at her Hector may have fallen. —raida. Astyanax. 391-397. rVv a'7rijv 56d6v av'it. " Back by the same way."-Kar'. "Along." —e6re,rr6Xa 2,cave. Observe the asyndeton, or absence of the connecting conjunction. —:caLCi. Compare book iii., 145.rO, Tap QuOe2Xe, K. r. X. " For by that way he was about to pass out to the plain." With r7 supply od&. Hector, not finding Andromache at her home,.intended to return to the battle-field by passing out of the Scaan gates, which were nearest the foe. Compare book iii., 145.-E-ve' UXoyo 7ro;itlpoC, K. r. 2.. "There his richlydowllered wife came running to meet him."'HsrEiw. The nominative is here employed by a careless species.f construction, where we should expect to meet with the genitive, or else the simple relative 06C. Clarke gives a false idea of the syn wax of this clause, when he makes'HET')V 6r equivalent to 0oriC'HeTiov. —iS;ro IIt2dc~, c2EGX'cop. " At the foot of the woody Placus." Placus was a mountain of M[ysia, in Asia Minor, from which the city of Thebe, as lying at its foot, was called Hypoplacian, to distinguish it from other places of the same name. —O'6?p'TYroir;aKil?. " In Hypoplacian Thebe." —IKlKeua' 6vSpeaatv 6vaaarov. The whole of the country surrounding Hypoplacian Thebe was occupied about the time of the Trojan war by Cilicians. (Cramer's Asia Minor vol. i., p. 129.) 398-406. roO7rep 6da 9vy('Lr72p, K. T. T1. "The daughter, then, of this rmonarch) was possessed (as wife) by the brazen-armed Hector." Observe that'EKropt is here equivalent to mV' "ET7opoc.-vpretov avroc. "Quite an infant." The meaning here assigned to avrroS arises from its more literal one, "just so," i. e., no better than, &c..t1tOyUtov',orrpet Ka2X.. There appears to be in this a beautiful allu. sion to the bright glances from the laughing eye of the boy. —KcauvSptov.';Scamandrius." Hector would seem to have given him this name from the River Scamander, the god of which stream was an early progenitor of the royal line of Troy.-'AarvdvaKcr' " Astyanax," i. e., king of the city. The Trojans honoured Hectoi in the pame which they bestowed upon his son, the idea (of protee NOTES To BOOK vi. cio:i and defentce being implied in the nane of "King," and Heeto! being, as is stated immediately after, the great eefende of the city. -Ep-vEro. "Defended." —Ev r' apa ol OD Xetpi. "And thereupov she both clung to him with her hand." Compare, as regards the peculiar force of Oi, the note on book i., 513. 407-412. Aaodv6te.;. Strange man." —-to abv pSvor. "This thy Impetuous valour," i. e., thy rash spirit.-' /opov. "A destitute one," i. e., a poor destitute one in case thou shouldst fall. —ae &q'a1&vTrova/p. " Having failed of thee," i. e., having missed thee, being deprived of thee. - The verb qa'aliapradvw properly means to fail of obtaining a thing after which one earnestly strives, and hence to miss, to lose, to be deprived of, &c. —&a2rop7. " Solace." —rr6T 1ov &riamrpn. Consult Glossary on book ii., 359. 414-420.'rot yap. "6 For as thou well knowest."'-'Ax0aeiv. Achilles, in the first year of the Trojan war, marched with a detachment of the Grecian army against the neighbouring cities in alliance with the Trojans, and destroyed many of them; among the rest, Hypoplacian Thebe. —EK 6di wrpavv. "And utterly sacked."' Observe the adverbial force of 1K. —ae6deaaro yap r6ye',Av/U. Compare verse 167. — adaUaola atv. "Of skilful workmanship." - ad' nr iac' EXeev. "And he heaped upon him a sepulchral mound," t e., a mound, or barrow, of earth. Separate tombs were only allow ed to princes and heroes. —repl6 de rTE'asaf, K. T. 2. "And the.Iymphs of the mountains, the daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, planted elms around it." The tree here meant is t:e Ulmus cam. pestris. The elms that sprang up around the torrt are poetically said to have been planted there by the mountain-nyinphs. 421-428. o0 6f or E7rra,, K. r. A. " But they who were unto me seven brothers," i. e., but the seven brothers whom I had. —ol,,,rrvrec. For oirot!E'v rarvreC. —fovctv 1er' Ei2trr6lo awtv. "Beside the feet-trailing oxen," i. e., the oxen trailing the hinder feet heavily in walking. The epithet EiVirov, which occurs in Homer only in the dative and accusative plural, is always applied by him 1 oxen, which trail along and plait their hinder legs as they go.urEpa U6. " While, as for my mother." The accusative absolut{ the government of the verb being intercepted by r.v. —2 faaciteve Heyne regards the: employment of tlacrtvecetv, in speaking of tht: wife of a monarch, as unusual. It occurs, however, again in Od., ri., 285.-deipo. RIeferring to the Grecian camp before Troy. —t''e ov ifrAJvaeo. a Back that warrior sent her away." More liter.'%-;7 - released her.'" —rarorc d' ev fseydpolel, Kr.... Compare 'NOTES TO BOOK V1. 40.) 429-434.'Ehrop, drap cV, K. r. A. Consult note on verse 86. Observe that flap marks opposition to what precedes: All have J lost; father, mother, brothers; all, in fine, but thee, who now sup pliest their place for me.-ait2' Lye vvv iEXatpe. " Oh come, there fore, now take pity (on me)."'-a7roi. " Here."-r-ap'!ptve6v. " Near the place where the wild fig-trees grow." The literal meaning is " near the wild fig-tree;" but, according to Strabo (xiii., p 598), the poet means not so much a single tree, as, rather, a place where many trees of this kind grew, and rough and stony in its nature, which lay not far from the Scaean gates, on the southwest side. Voos translates the term in question "Feigenhiigel,"' i. e., "fig-hill." -On this side of the city the walls were easiest to scale, and the approach to them most practicable. (Compare Lenze, Ebene von Troja, p. 223.)-Cuear7o. "Accessible."-Kcati bridpoy.ov Fs-inero TECX C. "'And (where) the tall is exposed to assaults." The term &bricpoyor properly means " that may be overrun, reached, attained." 435-439. r7ly'. "In this very quarter."-oi apIGrol. " Those bravest ones." We have, adopted the punctuation of Wolf, namnely, a comma after tpLcTOt. The common text has no stop at the end of the line.-dai' Alavr-E do, ic. -. 2. Observe here the construction of dyE'1 with a proper name to denote the individual designated, together with his followers; and compare book iii., 146. The attack alluded to in the text took place, according to tile Cyprian epics of Stasinus, after the embassy of the Greeks to Troy had proved a fruitless one. Compare note on book iii., 206. —7 woV) rig Cowtv Evrre, K. i-. A. " Either, if I mistake not, some one wellskilled in divination mentioned it unto them," i. e., directed them to malke the attack in this quarter.-iE7orpvivetl imai 6i6vyel. An awkward reading. We should expect Ei(TrpvvE ecai avuye, on account of eIvi7re that precedes; and VosS actually so translates. The MSS., however, have all the present tense, which Heyne seeks to defend by remarking, "1sed sententia admittit prasens, 7uandoquidem continuata est actio." It may be remarked, that somne of the ancient critics rejected all the versts as spurious from 433 to 439 inclusive, because it appeared out of character for a female to give advice about military operations to her husband. The objection, however, is a weak one. 441-446. V scat t 7oi. " Assuredly to me also."-cldt'ouat. " Do fear." The reference here is to the fearing the bad opinion if one.-E32lcectT7rnrovf. "Of trailing robe," i. e., whose garments sweep the ground. This is a constant epithet iil Homer of ths M M 110 NOTES TO BOOK VI. Trojan femalas.-.KaKib sd. "Coward-like." Observe th. acceisa of of. —davaKizc'. "I skulk.' -OVd6 #E C vt; 0 vaW,,-. "Neithe: does my soul urge me to it," i. e., urge me to skulk Consult, as regards 4vwyev, the Glossary on book i., 313.-a-pvv,,evoc 7rarpoq rz figya K igEO c, Ke. r. X. "Seeking to gain both my father's great glory as well as my own," i. e., great glory for my father A well as for myself. As regards dipvWuevof,~ consult the Glossary on book i., _A9. -56' kuhv a;roi. Observe that arof is here put in apposition-with the genitive implied in the possessive'c6v, just as in Latin we should have mream ipsius gloriam. 447-455. EaaerTat Iuap, or' aiv, /c. r. R. This and the follcwing verse were repeated by the younger Scipio, as he gazed upon Cai thage sinking amid the flames; and when asked by his friend Polybius, who, stood by his side, why he had quoted them, the Roman commander frankly confessed that it was with a foreboding refer ence to the fate of his own country. (Appian, Pun., 132.) The lines in question are here repeated from book iv., 163, seqq. —2zX oi5 vot Tp6wv, K. r. A. " But not so great a source of anguish to mc is the misery of the Trojans hereafter."-cv i 7reaotev. "May, perchance, fall." —aaov cev. "As is thine." Literally,; as is (the misery) of thee." Supply aiZyoS, so that the full expression will be, aocaov CE.;i.yoof tzeEt J0ot. —i2eVOepOv 7Ittap &rro'paf. "Having deprived thee of the day of freedom." Literally, "having taken away the free day." Compare d6o2tov tuap in verse 463. 456-465. Kal Kev. -"And perchance."-k-v'Apyet. "In Argos."' The reference is not to Argos, the later capital of Argolis, but to Pelasgic Argos (Argos Pelasgicum), in Thessaly, which Strabo says stood once in the immediate neighbourhood of Larissa, and near which he places the two fountains of Messdis and Hyperda, mentioned in the succeeding line. —rpoS aLXZ7cs. "At th.e orders of some other female." Compare the scholiast, ~Trh' X2uXtsj KeCeEVO6VP -MeanVUdog 7'Trepeic. - " From (the fountain of) Messeis, or Hy. perea." —r6?.' aieKanoFu v77. "Much against thy will." Compare Virgil's multa reluctans.-ilrtKeieTer'. "Shall hang over thee."Uvd)'K1. By this is meant the necessity of servitude. Compare Lobeck, ad Soph., Aj., 485.-'EKrropoS 4e. Supply 7}v.-vCEov 2q)'oc " Fresh misery." —.doALO v Fuap. After the capture of Troy; Aniromache fell to the lot of Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles. —reG Yr7]ra.'Lying dead." Observe the force of the perfeet.-xv-ri yara. " The heaped-up earth," 2. e.. a mound of earthn.-7-rp'" 7g -, J7C re Po0S, K. r. X.': Betbre at ea'st i ad all witness fwth t'lv lain entation and th v'Cagia,0 -way."' NOTES 1o BOOK Vi. 41 l 466-480. oi' 7raldof 0p'faro. " Stretched out his arils fIr his boey," i. e., to receive his boy.. Observe the force of the middle. Verbs indiMating desire take the genitive of the object, from which that Proceeds which gives rise to this feeling.-6- rdu'i. "He, the boy." —civOrl. " Shrunk." —7rvXOei. " Alarmed at." —6eiv0v veiovra.' "Nodding fearfully." —av 9iov vi6v. "His own loved son, Whenever a possessive pronoun is expressed with 0i0or, as in the present instance, the adjective has its natural meaning of " loved,' dear," &c.- 7trOE. "Dandled him." cKa r6vde yEveagat, K. r. A. " That this my son may also become as I indeed also (have)." With IyG7 supply yiyova. —iai 7orTg Tti iratrt. "' And let some one hereafter say of him." — vt6Ovra Agreeing with avro0v understood, and which last is governed by ei repat. The common construction would be the genitive absolute. 483-494. Kcdei Kc62or. -' On her fragrant bosom." The reer. ence here is to the use of perfumes. Compare the remark ol Heyne: " Quia vestes' odoriburs perfusce erant."-daKpv6dev yex;laaaa.' Having smniled tearfully," i. e., having smiled through her tears. Compare Xenophon's KicavaiyeAuS. (Hell., vii., 2, 9.)-Xetpi r uti arpEpE:ev, Ko. r. X?. Compare book i., 361. Aatizov7i. " Strange woman." Indicative of mingled tendernes3 and chiding.-wrc'p aalav. "Prematurely." Compare note on book ii., 155.- 7rpoipet. Consult note on book i., 3. —jolpav eirrvyV'voi czulEvat. "Has escaped his destiny." -- i7rVv rct rpiira ymvyrat. "After he has once been born." Compare the explanation of Heyne," Cum primum natus fucrit." —ra a' avrrS gpya ico6t'e. "At tend to thy own employments." Observe that -r a' avr7fg is for Td ad airrs. These words, and those that immediately follow, sound somewhat harshly to our ears, and seem not fully in unison with the previous tone of feeling exhibited by Hector. Allowance must be made, however, for the simple manners of an early age. Be. sides, Hector merely recommends to Andromache that she turn hem attention to domestic affairs, as a means of calling off her thoughts from the gloomy scenes on which they have just been dwelling.ViTrf. Put in apposition with the genitive impliedin ad. Compare note on verse 446. gpyov 7roixeaOat. " To set about their work.' Literally, "to go unto their work." —7r6X7luo 86' dvdpecaat eue~ae't. This appears to be an answer to those critics who maintain that verses 433-439 are spurious.-roi'IicJ Eyyeyaaltv. " Who have beten born in Ilium' 495-502. [e66Kei. Consult note on verse 313.-.. vrpowra;Lto/dvq L[ooking back fromn time to tinc' A beautifil touch of nature 112 NOTES TC BOOK VI. The sanme term is applied in the eleventh bout (r. 345) to Ajax, when unwillingly retreating before the foe. —40aepov 6dlcpo. -"The swelling tear."-r,7ictv ~ y6ov 7rcpavv uripev. "And she excited wailing among then- all," i. e., either by narrating what had jus' LaKen place, or else by the sight of her own tears. Compare the scholiast, 0 6&t7qyaa fv1, cilro rdv iciwv daicpiVv. —y6ov "EKropa.' Bewailed Hector." —hEavro. " They thought." More literally, "they said within themselves."-Observe, in the literal meaning, Ihe force of the middle. 504-508. 7protLccUa XaX3t5. "Variegated with brass." Compare book iv., 226.-aedar'. "Hastened."- -r ararof Zrrof. "Some stalled horse." The striking comparison on which we are here entering does not seem by any means too strong, as some have supposed, for the case of such a warrior as Paris. Although in many respects an effeminate man, still he is accustomed always to advance with spirit to the conflict. (Compare verses 521, 52'2, and also book iii., 16, seqq., and 328, segq.) In book xv., 263, HomeJ:epeats this same comparison when speaking of Hector. Virgil, also, has copied it almost word for word, and applied it to Turnus XEn., xi., 492.) iKoUrca.f irid drvy. "That has fed on barley at its manger," i. e., in its stable. The reference is to a horse well fed at rack and manger, and so, overfed, waxed wanton. Consult the remarks of Buttmann on this word. (Lexil., p. 75, seqq., ed. Fishlake.)-e~it redioto Kpoalvov. " Runs stamping with the hoof over the plain," i. e., runs prancing. Compare Apollonius (Lex. Hrom., s. v.), EttIlpo7-.Jv ro7tc -roaiv, and Virgil's " quatit ungula campum." — 2oveaca EiiOeiocf iroraCtozo. "To bathe in some fair-flowing river." Ohserve here the employment of the genitive. The poets use a ma terial genitive with many verbs, the material being considered as the antecedent condition of the production or action. The Epic is very rich in this idiom, which is more and more lost in the later language; for, while the Greek mind in its primitive freshness re. garded the action as springing into life from the materials of which it was composed, the later Greeks regarded it rather as a mere life. less work. In the present case, however, the genitive may als be local. (Ki.ikner, ~ 540, Obs:, p. 164, Jeif.) 509-517. 4p 6de Kaidpv Xct, KC. r.'A. Collateral images, employed to complete a comparison, are expressed by the poet in the indicative, in order to bring the picture more directly before the view of the reader. (Thiersch, ~ 322, 7.)-ayla'pr/ r Eret6Olg. " Confi. dent in leauty " i e.. flushed with tler pqride of youth and beauty NOTES TC BOOK VIT 415 Oberve here the peculiar construction in,rerro6'ot6S, forming a spbcies of anacoluthon or nominative absolute. The participle in the nominative refers to an accusative (e) coming after, the person ex pressed by this accusative being grammatically the object, but in reality the subject of the verbal motion. Thus, ti[prqa 6 yoiva epoiri is equivalent, in fact, to ilLt1a p0perat. — Ira' 7' 4Oea icat voU Z iL7r7rv1, "To both the haunts and pastures of the mares." Compare, as regards the meaning of'0ea here, the explanation of the scholiast, -ovg ~vvjOerz TOr7rovf. The expression lOea Kta voO6v forms, in fact, a kind of hendiadys, 1" the accustomed pastures." uarU Ilepyd!ov'icpyC. "Down from the topmost Pergamus."-. dr l'rTrop. " Like. the beaming sun." The term 7}t2Krwp is like. wise employed by Homer as an adjective, LrKTurp'TrTp1wv, "' the beaming tIyperion." (II., xix., 398.) —Icayxae'ov. "Exulting." Literally, "loud-laughing." Compare book iii., 43. —erE7uev. " He overtook." —eVr' dp' 1EfrX2tev, IC. T. X. " When, in fact, he was about to turn from the place, where he was conversing with his wife," i. e., had just been conversing. 518-529.'HOe-', r czZa (5 a', tc. r. X. "' Honoured (brother), as suredly now I am altogether detaining thee, by my loitering, although thou art in haste."-E'vaetitov. "In due time." —oicK v Tri rot Gvrp, Xc. r. 2A. "1 Not any man that was reasonable would seek to cast discredit on thee as regards the battle's work," i. e., thy exertions in the fight.-dZX K' dKBV LEZeOi, IK. r. X2. "But thou both, relaxest it of thy own accord, and art unwilling (to exert thyself)," i. e., but thou dost not persevere in the good work.-V-~7rp cAtEP. "On thy account." —rpr6 Tp(owv. " On the part of the Trojans." — touev. For tiouev, with the shortened mood-vowel. —ra 6' dTrrnev peaawo6pe'. Compare book iv., 362. ai ic, roOt ZfEi9 d5i?,. r.... "If ever Jove grant unto us to place in our homes a free mixer to the celestial ever-existing gods," i. c., if ever it be allowed us to celebrate with the bowl our deliverance from the Greeks, first pouring therefrom joyous libations unto the immortal gods. Observe the expression Kprlnipa DELE6Oepov, a mixer, or bowl, drained in commemoration of deliverance. —.;t.daarrva r'he reading of Wolf, and far more correct than the Eltioa}vst o' the ordinary text.,M m2 EXC1JRMUIR Pae scursuts I L the Article., 413 " II.,n Prepositions.. 418 " III., on the Middle Voice.420 IV.; on the Hollleric Suffix Lt or. 425 V., on the Local Endings al, &'s, and &, 427 Metrical Index.. 28 Glossary.. 455 Index to Gloss ry.. EXCURSUS I. THE ARTICLE.l i. rnE A, ilc h;, 0y, ro, is, in Homer, a Demcilstrativ; Pronoun, "this,"" that," having occasionally, however, more through the requirements of our )wn idiom than those of the Greek language, the force merely of a pronoun of the third person, " he," " she," " it." II. In other words, it is used in Homer to point out some object as known or spoken of, and to direct the mind of the reader to it in this case it m ty be construed either as 6de, d6e, 6de; or oVror, aelril, rouro; or ijeeevoc, iiceiv, KeI Zvo. Instances of this have occurred so frequen:tly in the preceding notes as to render the citing of any on the presant occasion a superfluous task. III. The demonstrative force is less strong where the pronoun is oined to a substantive without any relative sentence; but it serves, in this case, to bring the thing definitely before us, as something known, or spoken of before. Thus, II., i., 20, i-i i7rotva, " this ransom;" IL., viii., 412, iO C.c7errpov, "that seeptre," i. e., the wellknown sceptre; 1l., iv., 1, ol aeoi, those who are gods in opposition to those who are men; 11., vi., 467, obp 6' O rrdic, he who is a boy, in opposition to Hector; II., xi., 637, Ncirwp o y7ptv, Nestor, that old man whom every one knows; Od., xxi., 10, riov Sevbr. d6v6rrvov, that unhappy stranger, pointing to Ulysses, &c. IV. The instances where 6, a, ir, has the force of a pronoun ot the third person, may all be brought under the demonstrative signification by a more literal mode of translating, so that, as has already been remarked, we give this meaning of he, she, it (Lat. is, ea, id), rather to suit our own idiom, and avoid stiffness in rendering a clause or sentence. Thus, 11.,.,, 47, O ti'e vvrri2'oKcjtc, "he went tike the night," becomes, when translated more closely, "this god went," &c. So, again, Il., i., 221, i PE67IKEt, " she had gone," i. e.,'his goddess had gone, &c. This usage is especially frequent ir fItrodotus. 1. lKihacr. It r, Gr 444. o. 97e. et Jst 416 EXCURSUS 1. —-ON THE ARTICLE. V. In the post-Homeric writers, also, o, ~, -6', has frequently a demonstrative force. In Herodotus, the Doric writers, and Attie poets, it is not unfrequently used as in Homer. Thus,.lsch., Suppi., 143, oL-otv Z rolf I X62eU0ov apecaOa tc~yav, 7rc"' iar 6v)iys: Ibid., It55, 6rt 7o1t Uo6paIU6v 6TtyV, Ob yvoLtr' dv: Soph., (Ed. T., 200, rOv..c l.'Apea) 6 ZEV 7r6rEp, ra-b a O;iaov Keipavvj. K So especially with'ib. particles 1Ev, 6E, yap (o yap,?7 y(p, tO yap, often in tragic wrir' ); sometimes, also, with prepositions; as, 7rpob d6 roiat, for xrpbs i ro6Vrotgl — rpOf rT for -ppbo' roiri —— &2r rooaL for bari rovTrotf, &c. VI. And even in Attic prose it retained its demonstrative force Un the following cases: (a.) To, " therefore:" r6 ye, Plat.: rOb di at the beginning of. sentence, " whereas," very frequent in Plato: o6 jiv, or o d6, oi d6 ai di, at the beginning of a sentence very frequently. Thus, Thucyd., i., 81, ro[ & 6 5i2l71r yi iErt ir'o22 j. -Demosth., p. 68, 15 o 6~ rcavra.egv pl2ueket. So, also, O6:?uiv, or 6de is used, as in Ho mer, before its substantive, to call attention to it. Thus, Thucyd.. vi., 57: gai 6o ljtv roif dopv06povf Toaavrtlica 6c&aeVyeL 6'AptaroyeiTrov.-So, again, we have rj,, -Trie, "here," " on this si(le," &c.With prepositions; as, Ks -ro, "hence;" Jim r6, "iA tlerefore.' To this head, also, belongs the construction iv'oifc, sometimes EV Tral, with'a superlative; as, Thucyd., i., 6, Ev roS. 7rpL)rot de'AnlvaZot Trv oaS[dpov KaCTOEeTo, and the adverbial formulas, -rpb rov (irporou), "before," almost always in the sense of ante illud modo definitum tempus. (b.) In the formula TrOv Kaia r6v, TO Kat TS, " the one or the other," " this or that;" Ta Kat ra, varia, bona et mala. (c.) Immediately before a relative sentence, introduced by dg, 5aoog, or olog, which expresses a periphrasis, either an adjectival, or especially an abstract notion. This idiom is peculiarly Platonic. Thus (Plat., Protag., p. 320, D.), EiK ryf it Ki rrtvpOg lifavrqe Kai r)v OSa r vpi cal y, 1cepavvvrat, &c. (d.) In the construction of ol ydv, oi 6E, literally, "these, in deed,"- "but those,'" i. e., some here, some there, &c. This is tbund in Homer, and is very common in both prose and poetry Trhe use of the singular, 6 uiv.. o. 6Ei, is post-Homeric. (e.)'O, r, rO6, is used, also, as an attributive with a demonstra tive force in all the post-Homeric writers. Thus, of objects.wel known, or mentioned before: PlatL Rep., p. 329, E., tb rO O0euta. ro;kiovg evi Ixet, i; rT5 E2eptobi (Ser.phio isti) 2otdopov/evy 6arexpi. varo:-Derosth., p. 850, 19,,T~Ert 7aE'V iivOpwrov (hominem is turnm). &e EXCURSUS I. —ON THE ARTICLE. 411 The Article 6, i,' 6, as a Relative Pronoun. I. In the Homeric dialect, the demonstrative o, a, t6,'requently assumes the functions of the relative pronoun, o6, a, 6. This idion may be accounted for by the consideration, that language originally makes no difference of form between principal and dependeit sen tences, but places them separately in similar parallel forms, as ii standing in the same independent relations to the speaker. II. This use of the article as the relative passed into the Ionic and Doric writers. Thus, Herodotus, iii., 81: rta uiv'OrTdv/c etlr.... X.e ixOt Icauoi rav~ra.-Id., rravrov TO 2.iy7o'piTarov, quai dico III. The Attic, comic, and prose writers do not admit this relative force of the article. The tragedians have adopted it only in the neuter, the oblique cases, and mostly to avoid an hiatus, or lengthen by position a final short syllable of the preceding word. This, Soph., (Ed. T., 1379: d6azlu6vov 6' iy62puaO0' Iepa, r7v 6 7ravrtutov E)'.... 6aearC7p'q' ijiavrov. lMecaning and Use of o, 3, r6, as the Article Proper. 1. The article 6, a, r6, lost so much of its demonstrative force, that at last it was used merely to represent the notion expressed by the substantive, when viewed by the speaker as an individual, one of a class, and distinct from all the other members of that class. II. This usage of the article properly belongs to the era of Attic prose; but as not only a single person, but also a whole class, may be considered as an individual, hence there arises a double and seemingly contrary use of the article: (a.) The substantive without the article expresses the general notion without any limitation of individuality; but, with the article, a part of the general notion, an individual member or members of the class, contemplated as such by the speaker; as, o av~po7roc. "the man whom I am thinking of." (1,.) A second use of the article derived from the former is, that it expresses the notion of a whole and all its parts conceived of as one individual; as, 6 civOpwTrof I9Ovr6c aTrt, " the man (the ani. rmal man, i. 3., all men) is mortal."' I For a. more exten iled view of the later uses ofthe article, consult Kiihncr, Or- gr. i 447 seqq, p 100, ed. -Jclf 4 | i3 EXCURSUS II. —-ON PRt:POSTI CNa. EXCCURSUS I I. OF PREPOSITIONS.' I As language expresses not only the order of internal ttlougllt, but also the circumstances of external things; and as the relations in which these things stand to us in respect of their position were too manifold to be sufficiently defined by the simple powers of the cases, it happened that, as men examined into and comprehended the position of external things, some farther mode of expression became necessary, and cases of certain words, which, from their orig inal meaning, were fitted for the expression of these relations, were so frequently used to express them, that at last they were appropri. ated to this function, and lost more or less of their original meaning as, r6o', grapd: while Xcptv, dtKlv, which are, so to say, in the transition state between cases and prepositions, being sometimes used as one, sometimes as the other, will illustrate the mode by which prep. ositions arose. II. But though a relation which was implied in the powers of the original cases might be, and generally was, for the sake of clearness, expressed by a preposition, yet it does not follow that the original power of the cases to express this relation was either in theory or practice wholly lost; so that we find the same relation expressed sometimes by the original, more concise, and vivid form of the case, at others by the later and more accurate form of the preposition. III. Hence may be seen the mistake of explaining the construction of cases by the ellipsis of a preposition, making the preposition the original and most perfect, the case the later and defective form; thus shutting out from view the real state of the matter, and teaching the student to rest contented with an unphilosophical, pretended explanation, instead of leading him to search out the abstract powers of the cases, which were entirely obscured by thus supplying a preposition whenever they most really came into play. IV. There is a remarkable contrast L:etween the Greek and the modern system of cases. The moderns, always taking a cold,-rationalistic view of things, look upon every thing as inanimate, produced, or affected: the Greek language, with fresher, more poetical 1 Kiihner, 472, p' 117. od. Jelf. —d., 614, p. 238, &c EXCURSUS 11 -ON PRLEPOSITIONS. 411 b spirit, looked on every thing as more or less animate, as an agent, producing or working; and hence, where in modern languages we find a transitive verb with the accusative of the thing as a patient. the Greeks used an intransitive verb with the genitive of the thing as an agent, representing the action of the verb as proceeding fromit. So, where in German the verb hdren, to hear, has an accusative the Greeks used the genitive. In their view, the object entered the mind rather as the antecedent cause than as the coincident effect, but in some verbs, either the former principle prevailed altogether, or sometimes; so that we find particular verbs with an accusative, while the ottier expressions of the same notion have a genitive, or the same verb sometimes with a genitive or an accusative ex animo Ioquentis. TMESIS IN COMPOUND VERBS. I. As prepositions are properly mere local adverbs, the older dia.:ects, which commonly used them as such, would naturally place che preposition apart from the verb, in many cases where the Attics always used the compound; and even where Homer employs the compound in the same sense as the single verb, we are not to suppose an actual tmesis wherever we find the verb and the preposition used instead of the compound; for Homer would use both the ol1 eorms of speech, and those which, in his time recently introduced, werfe, in later periods of the language, universally adopted. We nust distinguish the following cases: (a.) Where the preposition seems to be separated from tnc verb, but, in reality, is used alone in its original force of a local adverb; as, II., iii., 34, virod e -rp6yog i2Lac6e yvea; I., iii., 135.,rap&' Eyxea /taKpa. 7'rTryev; II., iv., 63, tri 6' povtrat oi ot 2.Rot, &c. The adverbial preposition sometimes, though but rarely, follows; as, 11., xii., 195, vdpet'ov or' Evrea. (b.) Where the preposition seems to be separated front the case of a substantive. Here, also, in Homer, the preposition retains its adverbial force, and belongs to the verb; while these two together form one notion, and this, and not the preposition alone, governs the case. Numerous instances of this have already h) Len given in the preceding notes. 1I. The tmesis can not properly be spoken of till, in the later dialects, especially the Attic, the preposition coalesced so closely with the verb, that the new word took its place in the language as such Et is found pretty frequently in Herodotus, more rarely in the Attia ehorus. and still more rarely in he dialogue. and only where a par. 20O EXCUKLSUS II.- ON THE MIDDLE VOICF,, ticle is the dividing word, so that the connection between the twt parts, or the unity of the compound notion, is not utterly destroyed. In Attic prove, except in one or two singular instances, tmesis is anot found. EXCURSUS III. MIDDLE VOICE.1 I. THE Middle voice has a twofold function: 1. It expresses the reflexive and reciprocal notion; 2. Some parts of the passive notion. I. As REFLEXIVE. 1. The essential sense which runs through the Middle reflexive verb is Self-the action of the verb has immediate reference to self. This is the proper generic notion of all middle verbs; and the particular sense of each middle verb must be determined by discovering the relation in which this notion of self stands to the notion ol the verb. II. There are four relations in which this notion of self may stand to the verb: 1. Genitive.-2. Dative.-3. Accusative. —4. Adje-. tival. 1. The " Self" stands to the Notion of the Verb as Genitive As,'iruaag, "having pushed away:" c(lrcwauevog, A" having push ad away from one's self," or repulsed. —aro7riirouatL. " I send away.-om myself." —iroaeiolzae. "I shake off from myself." —rapixoua,. " I furnish from my own means."-a-roriOeaLt. "I put away from myself." —7rayyeiW22Loea. "I declare from myself," i. e., 1 promise, &c. 2. The " Self" stands to the Notion of the Verb as the Dative. As, ruapaalceva4oytae. "I prepare for myse f." —atporvuaG. "I choose,bar myself."- atalpo/iuaL. " I take away for myself."-aipc/ya. " I take up for myself." —tewOovLat. "I hire for myself." —)yoao ivvaZiea. "I take a wife for myself," I marry. —ov2LEojaue. "1 give advice unto myself," I deliberate.-2elero/pat evtyrwoa5vva. "I leave memorials for myself."-Karaarp6iEo/at. "I subdue for ny. I Kfiihner, Gr. Gr., I 362, vegq., p 13, seqq., ed. Jelf EXCURSUS III.-ON THE MIDDLE VOICE. 4I sel1t."'-TtrLat. "I take to myse!f,' i a-dopt.-So, &eWv'at ouovC, " too. ekc laws for others;" i eo-Oat vjioov, " to make laws by which one's self is bound along with others." Hence there is a difference between the active and middle sense of some verbs; the latter indicating that the action of the verb was performed for one's own benefit, and thence signifying the corre-:ponding contrary to the active voice; as, Xiuae, "to set free;"; caavOaL, " to ransom."'-Xpiaat, " to lend;" XpvcacOat, "to bor)W. "-So, again, Xp7aat, "to give an oracle;" Xp',aacOat, " to con6slt an oracle."-T-rat, " to pay;" ricaaOat, " to punish;" the active sigaifying in these examples the giver; the middle, the receiver. I'his may arise fromn the receptive notion proper to the middle verb. 3. The "Self" stands to the Verb as the Accusative. As, E7rrtetOvat, "to place another on;" elrtTrOeaOat, " to place one a self on," to attack. — Xpao, "I give or apply another person ol thing;" xpfiotat, "I give or apply myself to a thing.-Trpwur, "1 turn another;" rpEroteal, "I turn myself." —:ovea, "I wash another;" Xodvcea#., "I wash myself," I bathe.-c-&rrXo, "I keep another off;" nrioafeat, "I keep myself off," I refrain.-So, a7rwdzy&aeaa, " to hang or throttle one's self." —r IceaOat, " to melt one's self away," to pine. —kyyvlorgeat, "to pledge one's self."-0-o6eaOat, "to terrify one's self," to fear. —eaiveCOat, " to show one's self," to appear.irraZ?.2a.eaOae,, "to remove one's self," to depart. 4. The "Self" stands to the verb as a Pronominal Adjective As;, voideeaOeat iraeda, "to call a person his son;" ceipeaeOat ri,ceap2Yv, " to shave one's own head;" VGrTreaOt roJgS ir66ea, "to wash one's own feet" (virnrecv -rovC rodac, "to wash another's feet"); rTvr-reoOae rTiv Icepa2Xv, " to beat one's own head," &c. III. Some middle verbs have the idea of self in more than one o1 these relations, in which case their sense generally differs accordingly; as, aepoFat (with the accusative), " I raise myself;" but with the dative, " I take on or for myself." Or else the idea is the same, though the several parts of it stand in a different relation; as, riOelaau (?with the accusative), " I apply myself to," I adopt; -riOelau (witb the dative), "I apply to myself," I adopt; tzeO[eagOa, "to remove myself from," followed by a genitive; yeOieaOat, "to renrive frorm myself," followed by an accusative, &c. IV. As the person who causes or allows an action to be done is often conceived or spoken of as if he ]idl t himself. this idea is fro N, 4V22 EiXCklRSUS III.-ON TrHE MIDDLE VOICE quently applied to middle-veroqs, WiW,th the.cldi,tional notion of itLs Do ing done or his especial benefit, so that the subject oi'the,' etrB, baa t peculiar personal interest and anxiety therein. - Thus, &ddfcaa&s,'to cause to be instructed:" KeipaOeat, " to cause to be shorn;' vr.yLacaat, t" to give in marriage;" rot'aaco6at,' to cause to be made;' gp6aaaOEaf rtva, " to cause a person's name to be entered before the,udge," to accuse. V. This sense of causing to be done is generally represented as arising from the power of the middle verb; but we see, both in the Greek and other languages, that it is merely a form of expression dnd applied no less to active than to middle verbs, and, therefore, can not be said to arise from the middle verb, though the middle verb somewhat heightens the notion of personal interest in the action. VI. Many verbs exist only in the middle voice (Deponents); and though we can not discern the exact relation in which the idea of self stands to the active notion of the verb, as the active form is no longer in existence, yet they mostly express notions in which self is very nearly interested; such as, dkXo/at1, iy-ojac, yo/6oyaz, /aitvoFoat ala(dvoyLat, (iXo;al, &c. ~II. The reflexive sense of the middle voice is often so weat that it is scarcely discernible by us. It frequently consists in the notion of doing an action in which we are especially interested, for our own good or harm, which we (10o not usually express; as,'7nyd~evot pd{ayyca, " for their advantage;" 7rotlqadeevof ra'z via, "lhaVi.1g made for himself a navy." VIII. Hence sometimes the personal pronoun is used with the middle verb; ais Soph., (Ed. T., 1143,,ua'vr,& i9peEaiyvv: Eurip., [el., 1306, rpixov aiv cavri)v, &c. And, again, the middle notion is sometimes expressed by the active verb and personal pronoun; as, Deniosth., p. 22, &6Vvaljv KaTeKevci aev cav7r. With some verbs this is always the case; as, 7TriEcreMvev iavrdv, not i7-EKTretvaTo:,ratvEcv e'avTov, not bralv'cdal; (o'6a.,aev er avrov, not adread:aro. IX. In the Homeric and post-Homeric dialects, there occur many intransitive verbs, especially those which express a perception of the:mind or the senses, either in the middle voice only, or in the middle as well as the active; while the later writers used the fordt in a; which confirms the notion that the middle form was originally the proper expression of intransitive and reflexive notionu. And when the later f)rms in o arose, it followed that many intransitive verbs were used in both forms without -any difference of mean-;ng' as, II, iv.. 331, adKOi'eC-c Xa u'ii/rg, &c. So we may accoun. EX('UtSUS I111.-ON TIE MIDDLE VOICU. U193 tor many xerbs having some tenses in the middle form, especiallv the future; as, &.xocio dKov60aoatt; and these almost always exprest an action of' the mind or the senses. The more limited usage of prose generally adopted but one or the other of such forms, or used both with a difference of meaning. Some are found, h(. vever, witl both forms, without any such difference, even in Attic prose; as, ICa2.tep.w, — oat'; EdecOKttz, — Cat; aTpaoT07oev-eV, — o/aL. X. From this intransitive reflexive force of the middle, a grea; difference of meaning arises between the active and middle senses of sonie verbs, a secondary sense having been adopted from the reflexive. The active form signifies an action as objective, that is, without any reference to the subject; while the middle expresses the same action as subjective, that is, with especial reference to the mind of the subject; as, aicorelv, "to look at;" Co'oreauOat, " to look mentally," to consider.-r TOeOcat, "to place before one's mind," to think. - 2avOdvta, "I escape notice;";avOdivouat, 1"I escape my own notice," I forget. - 6l7ezv, "to sacrifice;" OieaOat, "to sacri flee with some particular object, for one's self," to inspect the entrails in order to ascertain the future. —roterv?.6yov, "to write a speech;" WotelcOat t6uyov, "to deliver a speech," to harangue. —airvdetv, "to pour out a libation;" arrvdcOat, "' to make a truce." XI. The distinction referred to in the previous paragraph is very marked in those verbs in eiv which, in the active, have merely an intransitive sense of being in a state, while the middle signifies to act the part of such a character, to live in such a state; as, P3;aKeVO, "SI am idle;" 1PatEejozuat, "I behave idly." —rovypevo, E" I am wicked';" irovlpevouat, "I behave wickedly."-wro2ltrevo, "I am a citizen;"'ro?2trevojat, 1" I live as a citizen." And, as the middle sense of such verbs is the more complete and expressive of the two, it is more commonly used than the active; as, eirpairEsreVeaOat, arKpareVeaOat, civ0p7revacaOat, &c.; while others, which only express a state, and. not the mental character implied in that state, are used only in the active; as, rrporezetv, aptareiieLv. So all tderivatives from sub-, stantives in evd'; as, f3aat2evW. XII. The middle derivatives in iboqtat correspond in meaning to those in eloypat; as, XaoLtvrTt'o/lat, "I act or speak with grace," &.c —'ci5 oLuaL (from'AICKig, the name of a ccnceited woman) " I dress finely." The derivatives from national.names in igo have no nid die form; as, Asop[o, "I live or speak I ke a Dorian." XIII. There is a peculiar reflexive sense appropriated to the mid die forms of some verbs, which seems to have arisen fiom: the ar. bitrary usages -f language; as, alreZv, "to ask for a gift:' a1i7 LaCOai, 124 EXCURSUS Ill.-ON THIE MIDDLE V(ICI:. " to ask for a loan."-yatlzlv, " ducere uxorem;" yape o6ate, " nubet.'" So reKdcv properly of the mother; reKIOaat, properly of the fa. ther, &c. Use of the Middle Forms in a Passzve Sense. I It is proeable that many of the forms usually. called passive are, in reality, middle, and that the only real passive forms are the future and aorist. II. To prove this, we may observe, First. That the passive notion is nearly allied to the reflexive, as in both the subject is re.presented as receiving some action to itself-in the reflexive from itself, in the passive from another; so that originally, it is probable, no accurate distinction would be drawn between what may be called the accidents of the notion, or state, while the essence of it, the receiving some action on itself, remained the same. And the passive notion being conceived of as a sort of reflexive, would be represented in the re. flexive form. Secondly. Those middle forms (future and aorist) to which there are corresponding forms in the passive, have properly alone a reflexive meaning. Thirdly. We see that these are formed from the active by the addition of certain endings, while the really passive tenses are formed differently; so that it is probable that the other tenses, usually termed passive (present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect), formed by the addition of the same endings, and used very fre. qutently, indeed, in a reflexive sense, are likewise really reflexive forms; their use as passives arising from the affinity between the passive and reflexive notions, and the want of proper passive fo. ms. As the passive notion of receiving from another became more defined, the form whereby it was alleady expressed still repre. sented it in most of the tenses; while for its more accurate definition in past and future time, fresh forms were quickly invented partly from the middle, partly from the active. So the Selavonia language has no passive, but uses the reflexive; and the Sanscri has a transitive form, and a reflexive, the endings of which lat. ter are used to express the passive, which is distinguished froar the reflexive only by'he a ldition of ia to t] e rDoo of the verb BXCUjRSUS IV.-N'rilE HOMERIC SCt LFIX d)l 425 EXCURSU S IV THE HOMERIC SUJFFIX Ot or pev I. In the Homeric language, we find, besides the regular case signs. a small adverbial word, Ot Dr qtv, which always attaches it self to a substantive, and may with propriety, therefore, be termedl a suffix. II. This suffix, properly and originally, had the meaning of "in a place," or' where," like the Dativus localis; but was afterward used to express the other relations of the dative, namely, that of the Dativus Instrumentalis; and, in connection with prepositions, it could even take upon itself the functions of the genitive. III. It appears to have exercised, in the early language, precisely the same office as the Latin ablative; since it never, like the regular dative, indicated a personal object, and, therefore, was never added to names of persons; but, like the Latin ablative, appeared either as Local or Inslrumental; and consequently, also, in connection with prepositions, which, in the Latin language, govern an ablative case. Thus,'I260 lt1cvrd ievxea, "at Ilium."-Od., xii., 45. 7ro2'L d' AtOG' baoredtbv', 9ig aivdpCv 7rvOotzivwv, "' and a large heap of'men rotting Upon bones," i. e., upon bones of others who had died-before them.oaae daKpv6Otv wri[ltr2havro, "his eyes were filled with tears." (Instru. mental case.)-va)Ltv dl.'vecOat, "to ward off from the ships." In Latin a navibus. Remark 1. We find this same suffix in the Sanserit (namely, bhi, in the plural bhis) as an Instrumental sign; and also in the Latin; except that in this latter language bh (the Greek 0) changes into b; just as scribo corresponds to ypdfo; obp6r to orbus, &c.; and this b becomes not only a mark of the locative, but also of the dative itself, in i-bi, u-bi ali-bi, utri-bi, si-bi, ti-bi, and in the plural no-bis vo-bis. So, also, in the third declension, in the ending i-bus. Thus, the Sanscrit mahi (for mabhi) answers to mihi; and uthi t.3 tibi. Remark 2. This suffix pt or ptv is never added to any other case but the Dative and Genitive. The examples commonly ad. dueed of the Accusative with this appendage are susceptible of a. different explanation. Thus, in Hesiod (Op. et D., 410), ui/d' yva &aiXaeuOat ig'"' apoi Cor' i'v77tv, We must regard Evvjntv us takes N N 2 12t) ESCURSUS IV. -ON TIIE HOMERIC SUFFIX (pt or /tr. advet.ially; like eiaorriat, i'?pif, &c. So, in II., xiii., 307 Eiir 6egooQzv 7 i' E aptarepo6tv, the preposition is here joined, not \with the accusative, but the genitive. The example for the Nominative, from Hesiod (Op. et D., 215), 66dg 6' ErepqV0L 7rapeXO6elv, contradicts itself; trEipr6l is here " contrario modeo." ( Gbitling, ad lee.) IV. The suffix ol o. itv is found with substantives of all three declensions, and is always appended to the unchanged stem. First Declension. It is used here-only in the singular: 1. As a Dative; thus, cdyetpy, " in a herd;" eyPaaiyp, "with beauty;",eiTreoVoqt,'" he left at the gate;" dlie' aol qbatcvo tev, Cv, " along with the dawn showing itself," i. e., together with the first dawn; KeaP7t Aa6etv, "to take by the head." 2. As a Genitive (Latin ablative),- a'ro vevpiotv i22LeZv, 1" to send forth from the string" (a nervo); i evirctl Oopeiv, "to leap from the couch" (e cubili). Remark. Some, in order to distinguish the dative here from the genitive, are accustomed to write the former with the l subscribed, other critics, however, are of opinion that ot or /tv takes the place of the case-ending or flexion. Second Declension. It is used here in both the singular and plural: 1. As a Dative; thus, nrap' atr6 ct, "with him;"'a' avTrdctiv, " upon him;" 6acpv6c)tv, "with tears." 2. As a Genitive: ri o rnaaaa2oplv, "from a peg;" EN Zovr60tpv, " out of the deep;" tan' oare60tv, "from the bones." Third Declension. It is used here only in the plural, and with a rather small number of neuter substantives, in oc, gen. eog; and, besides these, with KoTv.7tdSov and vnaC; as. scoTrvn6ovOc0tv (with a,onnecting o) and vapct (like the Sanscrit nu.-b'is). In the case of those in or, since 6n or 0tv is always added to the pure stem, the ending o~ must go back to the original form eC. Hence we have 6,g:eart, Kcar' peca9t; &7r arO7eaq0tv. -Once in the Iliad (x., 156), r Cto Kpdreact, " under the head," occurs, as if from a stem KpiTOf, in place of sp6a.-A peculiar form is'EPEEvaE0tv (1., ix., 568). But here, perhaps, the ignorance of transcribers has excluded the true'fom i'Epi6eaet. Since the stem of nouns in og, gen. eoc, ended originally in Er, and sxnce the g belongs to this stem, we must be careful not to regard it, as some do, as a mere letter inserted in the'-rm. XcURVLuRS1S. —ris'lHid I,OCAI, ENDINCG 91. 19EV, &F.1*'7 EXCURSUS V. THE LOCAL ENDINGS Ot, 0ev, and de. L With the use of the suffix Sb or 0ev is closely connected that o. the local endings 0t, &ev, and de, which, in the Ep3i language, fiequently supply the place of the case-inflection; namely, &i that ol the dative; 0ev that of the genitive; and de that of the accusative; but which, at a later period, were employed merely as terminations, to denote respectively, "in a place," "from a place," and " to a place." For a nearer designation of the meaning, howpver, in Epic writers, the prepositions are sometimes added. II. The suffixes Oc and 0ev were appended, in the third declen sion, to the pure stem; when, however, the stem ended in a consonant, a euphonic o was made to intervene between the stem and suffix.-The suffix de, however, was appended always to the accusative form. Thus, we have oico0e, " at home;" i6Ot, "in the morn ing;" oeoO~ev, "from home;" 7rdrpoOev, "from a father;" oKcov6e,' homeward;" &i23ade, " to the sea;" 0/yade, "to fight." III. In'Ai6oade, the de is appended to the genitive, because the accusative d6/uov is left out. As these suffixes, moreover, supply the place of the case-endings, we sometimes find an adjective added to the noun to which they are appended; as, Kowvd6' ehvatouv-v (li., xiv., 255); and, in the often-recurring ov6e d66ovde. "*o hip ownc bode," the suffix is even repeated with the adjective. METRICAL IN DEX INTRODUCTORY REMARIKS 1. Digamma. T. TllE whole subject of the digamma rests on the following re. wnarkable fact. A certain number of words, beginning with a vowel, especially the pronoun oZ, ot, e, and also Edwo, EotKa, Etire'v, lvae, 1'Aoto, otvo~, otKOC, bpyov, yoS, tcarTOS, with their derivatives, have, in Homer, so often the hiatus before them, that, leaving these words out of the account, the hiatus, which is now so frequent in Homer, becomes extremely rare, and in most of the remaining cases can be easily and naturally accounted for. These same words have also, in comparison with others, an apostrophe very seldom before them; and, moreover, the immediately preceding long vowels and diphthongs are far less frequently rendered short than before other words. - II. From an attentive examination of the subject, the-illustrious Bentley was led to conclude that the words before which these deviations from the usual rules of prosody took place, although beginning with a vowel, must have been pronounced at least, if not written, as if beginning with a consonant. He recollected that some ancient grammarians mentioned a letter as more particularly used by the.Eolians, or earlier Greeks, and that its existence might be traced in the changes which some Latin words, derived from the AEolic Greek, had undergone; such as, olvog, vinum; Ig, vis; obiqo, icius; rjp, ver. III. The letter alluded to, which, from its form, has the name of digamma, or double gamma, and which resembled, or, rather, was identical with the Latin F, is yet to be seen in some ancient inscriptions, and on coins; and it supplies the data for resolving the cates of metrical difficulty, where the lengthening of a short syllable uniformly takes place before particular words. IV. Let us examine some of the instances which are founo at the very opening of the Iliad:'Arpeidl -re va avdpSdv (v. 7).-'A; uoUVovet rvdave 9vu5u) (v. 24). —'A~ro62Uwvt avalCr (v. 36).-5 6' 6it I Buttmann, Ausf. Gr. Spr., p. 27.-Buttmlann's Largecr ramnae.r, p. 2, Rvbin aX's transl- -iMa7tbq's Greek Gradus, p. xi., sen. METRICAL INDEX. 429 Pt, OLKASf (v. 47). - Oapa'jaf jua eiri (v. 85). In all tnese eaaes, according to the practice of the language in the days of At.ic, purity, the short vo vel ought to have been elided before civaf, v;cdave, &c. But if we write Fcvac, Fsv6ave, &c., or fancy the words in question pronounced wdva~, wtvdave, wewotlcsg,, wesir &c., the difficulty will, in a great degree, disappear.' V. So, again, we find that short syllables, terminating in a conso nant (for example, of and ov), are also often rendered long before the words mentioned above, just as if they were in position, and that, too, in cases where they are not affected by the arsis. This position, therefore, must have been produced by the final consonant of the word and the initial consonant or digamma of the word core ing after. VI. The digamma, therefore, would seem to have been, strictly speaking, a real consonant, with the sound of the Latin F, or, as some think, wh, and to have been regularly used, with the words above mentioned, in Homer's time, when his poems were recited, but to have been lost in the far later period when.these same poems were reduced to writing. VII. The gradual disappearance of the digamma from the poetry of Homer is supposed, by some critics, to have commenced in the time of the bard himself, and many words, therefore, may have been sometimes pronounced with it, and sometimes without it. VIII. The doctrine of the digamma, however, and its introduction into the text of Homer, still require illustration. For an able examination of the whole subject, the Homeric Grammar of Thierscb may be consulted'(p. 295, Sandford's transl.). 2. The Ictus Metricats, or Arsis.2 I. There are, however, cases of syllables, not merely at the end, )ut in the beginning and middle'of words, where the digamma cai not operate, and which must, therefore, be accounted for in a differ, ent manner. Thus, at the end of a word, osre aEOtg, E'rEp rtf Erl vsv daivvrTa EQ5popv. (II.. xv., 99.) oi re Kv6epv-rat, Kcai EXdv ol'i'cq vSlv. (11., xix., 43.) eyXie p0pet[p(-V) * E'r ydp EXov E2Xtcea?vypa'. (lb., 49.) At the beginning and end; as, ~Oie Kaacyvrlrg ic6tccaai rE Ite, 66f r e o-r:rrovc. (I., v., 359.) 1. The student can satisfy his curiosity relative tc the digamma in the poetry ou tiomer, by an examination of the first three books of the Iliad, according to the ears lier orthography, as we rlave just given t.~,r frsm the text of R P. Knight. For mane re'narks on this, (',sult P-eface. 2 Malatby Greek G, Zdus, p. xii., s&; }J.j METRICAL, INDEX. In the nmiddle; as, Kcai 7ta leyV erraxa rravra dtEOtpdTO dai2ltw. (Od., xiv., 434 ) II. The question naturally arises, Upon what principle are suct violations of quantity to be explained?. Evidently on the following; In scanning any verse, the voice naturally rests longer upon the place where a long syllable is necessary than where it may be dispensed with. In the heroic verse, we lay greater stress upon tho long syllable of the dactyl, and pause more deliberately there thar, upon either of the short ones. The same preference is naturally given to the first syllable of the spondee, which is equally long as in a dactyl, rather than to the second, which corresponds to the short syllables..III. We can not pretend to know any thing about the way min which the contemporaries of Homer pronounced poetry. But, where so much was left to recitation, it is probable that the difference between long and short syllables, or"those which occupied respect ively the places of long and short, would be more marked than at a subsequent age, when refinement might moderate the vehemence of intonation, and the readier access to writing superseded the necessity of reciting. Certain, however, it is, that when we perceive short syllables lengthened, and can not have recourse to the aid of a digamma, we find that they occupy the long place ct the dactyl. We therefore account for the temporary elongation b3 considering the place which they occupy in the verse; and we call it the effect of ictus metricus, or arsis.' IV. Upon this simple principle, then, the greater part of those inetrical phenomena which have so much perplexed the commentators on Horner, will be found to receive a satisfactory explanation. Thus, avrip EIrEL-' avrolat &1E5f Eixc7reviXEaT 4 Ei01Et. (IB., i., 51. Here the syllables o5C in /3&oC, and i in'lOteir, although short in themselves, are respectively made long, because they each occupy the first or long pal t of the foot, and, therefore, receive the ictus, or stress of the voice. For the same reason, the initial syllable of. &d becomes long in the first of the following verses, although it is short'which is its natural quantity) in the second. Thus, dior,tbv [ ciaw[6o~ i20e bacstvik t6pptOv EYXO, cKat ad- O picoC 7ro2v6atde8Lov 7pypetrpro. (II., iii., 357 —8.) 1 By the ictus is meant the stress of the voice in reciting, which is brought d&wn on the syllable like a blow.-By arsis (~'psts) is meant the raising or elevating of the voice (aipw, " tollo"), in order to give it greater emphasis. Thr ictus and a'si. ar e-..idered synonymous in prosody METRICAL INDEX. 431 So, again, the first syllable of'ApEs appears both.ong and short in one and the same verse; as, Apes, AIpec, pporo;2oey7, ltaL6ove, retXeatrc;rira. (Ii., V., 31.) In all the instances above cited, the long and unusual pront.nciation is said to be in the arsis, or on the first syllable of the foot, whether dactyl or spondee; while the short and usual one is said to be in the thesis, that is, to be laid on one of the short syllables of the dactyl. 3. Of the shortening of Long Vowels and Diphthongs at the End of a Word. I. Every final syllable, which is long by reason of a vowel or diphthong, can be made short if it stand in the thesis (the thesis being that part of the foot on which the stress of the voice does not fall), provided the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong; and In Homer and the other epic writers this shortening amounts almost to a constant rule. Thus, 21sVE I upv flivOeatav rdXf Trap' rrarpi yipovrt. (11., i., 358.) /[t5 os /2(:5 gvF qtXnovc TaO re icdonlv re. (II., i., 209.) ailedsai': iepiia, tci cdyi ad I deXOda c1kroLva. (Il., i., 23.) XO/i i6U i'Apy)vp6ro~', Og Xpv'a7v uit6m6n1Kaf. (II., i., 37.) II. The principle on which this depends admits of an easy explanation. The ~ in /tzevy, for example, is equivalent to es, and one of these epsilons being supposed to he elided before the initial vowe. of the following word, the other epsilon remains, of course, short by nature. So, again, the w in 4iu1zo is equivalent to two omicrons, one of which it loses before the following vowel in opuS, while the other remains short. In like manner, the diphthongs at in Kag and 6dXOat, and Ev in y/e, are supposed each to lose a vowel before the initial vowel in the next word, and the remaining vowel of each diphthong to continue, of course, short. III. But it must be observed, that the long vowel, or diphthong, retains its natural measure, when that vowel or diphthong falls in the arsis of the foot. The following verses of Homer will sufficiently illustrate this: lzqerip Evi! oile Ey Iv'Apyei, rro60L drTpr,,.. (II., i., 30.) seC, /iev KI(rtlrTO, Oa 6) iP I EVPVrT I'A:r-;'ptwvo'. (11., ii., 621.) Here, after one of the component vowels ca o (namely, one of the wo omicrons) has'been supposed to be elided in e.repi, and a sin. gle short vowel remains, this, latter, being in the arsis of the fobot, receives the stress of the voice and becomes long again. On the 432 METRICAL INDEX other hand, in the toot o:.p 8v, the omnega is in the thesis, and hence, after this vowel has lost one of its component omicrons betore the e in iv, there is no stress of the voice upon the other omicron, and therefore it remains short. So, again, in Kreirov, the diphthong ov loses one of its component vowels' before the succeeding o; but then the remaining o being in the ars-s of the foot, receives the stress of the voice, and becomes tong; whereas, in EVpirov, the diphthong ov is in the thesis, and hence, after losing one of its vowels before the initial vowel in the next word, the remaining o continues short, there being no strese of the voice laid tpon it BOOK I. Line 1. tsijvev ciEie ieh lly2 3Edi'L6h Axi|?7Ov. (H^I1?uiudEw,-6eo forming one syllable by synceresis.),4. jpwcov, avlTobg 6C 6l!?2upta re-VXE K/VveaoTiV. (C3?ipta has the digamma, Fe23rpta, which prevents the htatus, otherwise the e in d6 must be elided, which would vitia'e the line.) 7.'A.rpeitdl6 re alva5 avclohv, scai 6Gof'AXtXev6g. (dlva~ has the digamma, FizvaS, which prevents the hbatus.) 14. arty~ntar' Xuv iv Xepaiv Eicy66Xov I'Awr6X2oLvog. (TYhe initial vowel in'A;zowuvof lengthened by the a, sis.).5. XpVo"iE dn(a aKsTrrrpy, Kal i2Xiaaero 7rvrac'Axatovr. (Xpva(p,-e(o forming one syllable by synceresis, aud t/w" shortened.) 18. 75svi I I|'v 6E0i 1 dOEirv'02wv6uta defear' ifovreg. (dEOi one syllable, by synceresis.) 19. Ksripcaa IIlptUotLo T06lZv EV I 6' olcad' Loia cOaa. (Final syllable in rr6Ztv lengthened by the arsis.) 21. uO6eevot AtOg viov iey662ov I Awrr6~Zlova. (Initial syllable of'A7rr62tva lengthened by the arszs.) 24 Oa' outc'ArpEidy'AyajuFuvovt I| vave iEvla,. (bvdave has the digamma, Fivdave, preventing the hiatus) 30. ijpETerIp EM i v ] oK, iv'ApyEd, wl2X0oO rriarpic. (oc~i has the digamma, FoisK, preventing the:hiatus.) 36 Ai7r6XXlovte lvasrt,'TOv IicKtoCo rEce AVrc. (The initial syllable long in'AirohAevt by the arsis.- 4vevai has the digammai Fdvaicrt, preventing the hiatus.) 38 KiXaav re'aOWyv, Tevedlotd rE | i10 ivaaaeat. (iqtl has the digamma, F~it, preventing the hiatus,) 4a5 rv76' (dZotatv e,~v e0tpe0I'a re 0ap|Jrp.?v. (Final syllable in du1e74p6blogr lvO the oa.rsZs. METRICAL INDEX. 433 47. &VrTOV KsPVTrOS' O' J' 6'e vvXTi fElo7 u'. (Eotc6S has the digamoma twice, FEJoLK6f, the.u s, oJ the lw. preventing the hiatus.) hi. ao.rio eneLT' ai7rol'oc P3i25g ielg ev/lci'fqtei~. (Ei2of, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 59.'Arpeieqy vtv iiyse 7ro2jU{rw2tayxOevra~ olt. { (oiw, the penult lengthened by the arsis.) 70 ~ rldhrl a r' o6vra rd r' lauo,ueva erpo r' E6vra. (5b lengthened by the posilion made with the digamma t* 74. 6'AXt;deV, Ie;Eeaci /E, AteI Oi e, evOiioaoaat. (Ae, final vowel lengthened by the arsis.) 75. pFvlV'Aer6X2L(ovof lKalrs6EX91rao a|vaero7. ('Anr62LrovoS, final syllable lengthened by the pcsition made with the digatnma in Fecarl6e&orao.-iva'cro9 has the dtgamma, Fdivaarog, to prevent the hiatus.) 8. y yp blioace I avdpa Xo eUow6ev, bg Jiya TrvrV7;)v. (6itofeac, the vowel e lengthened by the arsis.)`9.'Apyedwv Kpar'et ical I o' 7reiOovrat'AXacoi. (ol has the digamma, For, which saves the preceding diphthong from elision, and keeps it, therefore, long.) P5. ap~ajtaa~j Fdcifa elnr e Oeorp6r tp 4 v Qlrtc otaa. eon'rpo6rtov, final syllable lengthened by the position with tht digamma in Fort. - utrE and olaoa also have each the di ganzma, Fen7e and Folada, preventing, in each case, the hiatus.) 4G. ov f(e ycap I Ax62LAjova Atli 0?LXov, Ire 4i5 KiXXav. ('A6rrQXova, the initial vowel lengthened by the arsis.-Ad1, the final vowel lengthened by the same.) 89. aoi Ioi2uC |rapa I v ] 7al2 fapjliac X.epag biooiect. (vovoat, to be pronounced as two syllables, by synasresis.) 90. avtic rvrev Aavav' oiv' rlv'Ayal gtevova- E ie'vg. (esrui has tke digarmma, Fierrnc, preventing the hiatus.) 92. eai. r6re d6 -cOdpoae Kai It Iv6a 1 1v-rCic a8i' wtY. (C1da to be pronounced as two syllables, by synceresis.) i8. r-piy y''7rh irarpa 7t Oi? d66telvat 2elKn'7rida fcoupqlv. (ietjie7rte6a has the digamrnma, Fea2jrtda, which p-eeserves the preceding diphthong from elision, so that the latter is long, as a matter of course, without the aid of the arsis.) A,A rcilrOJavr', I bO6Oe o6 I oj drupi 2afer-er6lOvrt eliCsrlv. (oi -as the digamma, Fo., preventing the'hiatus. —So, also 0 Go 434 METRICAL iNDEX. ttis'il has the diganmma, both at the comnolmencientz and in the body of the zword, FeFitc-rqv, the first of thcse prerentinl the elision of the final vowel in 2azTweroeovxe.) 108 iaO26ov 6' odi rTi WrC) eljerf &coS OV6d' Ei76Fa5a'. (The final syllable in dEri lengthened by the arsis.)'15. ov 1 i5. ac o6ti ~v'v, ovr' aip' ~pevaf, I o|re rT I pya. (bpya has the diganmma, Vipya, preveting the hiatus.) 119.'Apyei&)v ciyipaaTo7 &' - ireti ojibd tueiev. (lolcEv has the digamina twice, F.FotmeC, the first o a I 6i prevents the hialtus with olbd.) W8. r6Ov' Up' vr[lodpa 1i6jiv 7rpoi r z w'ai6ag in e;'AX,'tie. (hlSIo has the dtigamma, Ftd(jv, preventing'he hiatus.) 0bl.' 6dv ijceLuevat,?v' oV(rpa'alt lmt m aeOal. (Observe, that as I;' is by apostrophe for i, thi rd Joe, zo the line, vat, is open to no objection, whereas, if we folloa the common recading V), the line is faulty, since the thirA foot is then vc i, a trochee instead of a spondee, the n ther losing one of its component vowels by elision before the in, tial vowel of the next word.-The earlier form oas av6prp FOpt, withouzt the v b'EiKevarl7tc6v.) 153. 6Ecpo eaxyao,uelv5g' em- i oreLt zot ait'7oi EcayV. (The final syllable in yaXVoy6jEcv5of lengthened by the a7 ss' 157. ovpe TE aict6evra, 6j iagaai -re vyXEaga.. (7axaEoa has the digamma, FiXiecca, preventing the hiatus. 163. o luov aolw 7ro e Loov Xo yepaf, drTrxr''Axatoi. (laov has the digamma, Faov, preventing the hiatus.) i7(. oZKaea Zlev cvp a |I jvnavi CeOplOniaVV 0obS a' b I. 5I (vnvai to be pronounced as two syllables, by synrraesis. TIN penult of otbi lengthened by the arsis.) 172. xiv d'zcAihex' EirjcExa avjan JvJpl3ndv'AyatE'pv&. (iiva~ has the digamma, Fdva,, preventing the hiatus.) 179, oi/ca 6' iv oVv I| vra TE | I o xc i C~ a ao'f'xEapotatv. (vnvac to be pronounced as two syllables, by synceresis.) 185 arC v t l/cV CtLaiyTE, To aov y7pa~, Ibp' ii I |e(,eV. (citfdj has the digamma, Fet6,Sg, preventing the hiatus.) 190 byse 6acyavov I bi, iplvoaaeevo apa,npov. (ipvaacaneZeor has the digamma, FepvoaauevoC, prcventzng ta* hiatus, thie final vowel in bfb being short.) 192. T X6?xov 7ravaeLev E'plorxl)cElt xe 78OvI6v. (According to prosodians, the v in iEPrinT(d is long before a, and, mehri gralia, before a long syllable; bult short before a M~ETJ.ICAL ~NDEXo 4 3 short syllable, as, ip7r60ov,'p~riETra. Kmnght, however constantly inserts the digamnma, and hence, i.z ippro.Faee the v is long by position, and remains short in Cpbrif oo which appears the more reasonable doctrine.) 193. e~o fiye Ta0' 6pyatve icara OpEva icai Karva Ovuo6v. (E(JC to be pronounced as a monosyllable, by synaceests.) 200 IHaUo2L6''AO7jvaivv 6 evlj 6dE o1 ] oaoE 0iavOev. ( i has the digoamma, Foe, preventing the hiatus.) 201. Kal teLv wuv7nag'-Ena 7rrTep6pra r-pogl;?da. I (r'porliBa to be pronounced as a trisyllable, by syneeresas. 203.' i va I i:peov'd],'AyaFi/uvovoc'Arpei'ao. (iv6pLv has the digarmma, Fe6pev, prevenling the hiatus.) 204. iiAX' ec -rote ipo, rb 6' Kaai reE'ieaOae bZo. I (bioj, penult lengthened by the arsis.) 216. XPf /uv pnio repOv ys, OelYE, Ero' I e| ouaclp aOat. (En7ro has the digamma, Fiwror, preventing the hiatus.) 226. OrTE 7or' ig rwi2RelFOv ajea I 23Lan &np)xOhvae. (7r6jo50v, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 233. ci,' Ek Troe ipin; Kani i-,lz etyav I bpcov obofa. (Eir,; final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 236. ovd' avaOVy72aee' rrepi I yep d Il Xatico'f U2cEibEv. (I has the digamma, Fe, p7reventing the hiatus.) 262. ov yelp nrro Tiovc idov avipar, o obEi M6ljoal. (avipaC, initial vowel lengthened by the arsis. — [t1eal hae the digoamma, Fidoupa, preventing the hiatus.) 273. teai piv Ev' Pv/ov2L|nv piveLev rei0ovTr6 E yUO. (/3ovaicov to be pronounced as a dissyllable, by syna:'cszs.) 277. ort7TE kapL, 7IIeil&7, iOe2L' ilpeL(tevaL Paca2tLi. (The last syllable of Ily2.eiri7 coalesces by synaxresis with tae initial vowel of We2E', and the dactyl thus commencing is to be pronounced as follows: 6ye6-2L-'. Some read &i'i'joJ E1e2', but the form &2ti,' never occurs n Homer or the oth er Epic writers.) 283. igaaoXo''Axot27ZliZ yeEljyev X6%ov, ~f I/ezya r-atzv. ('AAxte0,u,.final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 291 ro'vetca' ol 0rpoOBovatv bveiebq. ztv0aaoOatc (ol has the digamma, Fot, preventing the hiat?Ls.) 296. al4altv' ov ycip ony'. rT aCO Treiaeaata O[Z.. i (bio has the penult lengthened by the arsis.) 25 aevawrrryv. - aaa v 6't yop'iv wraph 1 v])wv cv'AlxatCN,..(Pevueiv to be pronounced as a dissyllable, by synere.ts., 436 nMETRICAL INDEX. Line 307. tie Gev Tre MevoLTldld Kai Ia oliEtrdpotea'. (olc has the digamma, Foic, preventing the hiatus. 7'h diphthong at in Kai, therefore, remains without elision, and long.) 315 hpDov 6' A6 63L2OauvL TrEhA7aaf iKaT6ezaf. ('Anr6A2cLvt has the initial syllable lengtherned by the arszs.) t22'p eoOov cXLtaiV II~v 7n1CtI1deo'AtX2L6o?. (InIi7~Ecizdew,-the ending -deo to be pronounced as one sella.ble, by synceresis.) 325. iohv boVv irXE6vleuat r6 ol o cai Piytov "arat. (oc has the digarmma, Foc, preventing the hiatus.) 1430. yuevov ovd' cipa I reye iljiJv YOe71ev'AXGLaEVC. (Id6v has the digamnza, Fed6v, preventing the hiatus.) 333. av-rap 6/ Iy cy I 7,7Lv EvM Opea2, Oevenfav re. (,~atv has the digamma, Fatv, preventing the hiatus.),42. roc huZ2o e' | y7cp by' b1?x'lut ~peocZ 2ve. (y/ap lengthened by the arsis. - b2oort, the second omincro lengthened by the arsis.) 343. omdi rT od6e voloat e a rrpcaao cau bTrraco. (olde has the digarmma, Foide, preventing the hiatus.) 344. rw7rog ol nrapa I| VVGa aS6lot laxEiuvrar'AXatot. (vlvaol, to be pronounced as a dissyllable, by syncaresis.) 350. Oiv' Ei' d2L&c -oftejr, Odpolwv irc I otvora zrvrov. (ozlvowra has the digamrma, Foivo7a,, preventing the hiatus.; 363. i:avJda Ibij /eOOe v619, Zva EI dopIev [t UO. (ESdoAev has the digramma, FEidoyev, preventing the hiatus.) 370. XpcrSg 6' avhO', lEpeSb iE1tcary6ov I'AXr612|LwvoC. ('Awro'2uvog, first syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 373. Same as line 370;'Aw6r2d uwvog with first syllable long 374 XpvgE &Vaiva OlCe7rTp, tKai i2iG9aero rdvraVf'Axatovf. (XpvUiE( to he pronounced as a dissyllable, by synceresis.) 37S. X;,,X' oVi'Arpe&id'Ayao[pyvovt |I vdaevE S vu. (Wvdave has the digamma, FrvdavE, preventing the hiatus.) 38 Erfadivov V7Kovacv, El|Et jd>aa I otl Oitog gev.. (ol has the digamma, Fot, preventing the hzatus.) 38 6e ei E6d& ci dpeve OeowrpoTrla'EKedroto. (Ed h,Ias the digamma, FeCdAL, -so that no elision takes pdlaxc in the precedirg diphthong e,.) 96 adrt`K' ly6 rrph7ro0 KEUy6,Utv O9eb V ZI tl'cIeaOate' (lZaKeeaOat has the initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) MlETRICAL INDE:X. 437 Llle:89. rT v /W2 Yap a v v# ol0o[ EUji],cwireg'Axatoi. (EXl cwnrec has the digamma, FeiKcreWe, so that no elisonm takes place in the final syllable of 0o,.) 390 if XpdyTv rT/zr7ovativ, i-yovat dk I &jpa avlaert. (hvaK rt hes the digamnma, F6valcrt, preventing the iiafts.) 194. ioOCa' Obv/.vyr6ve A2it?i[aat, I ei or7E 60 T1, (Aia, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 395. V Eret I (edvraa Ktpaodiyv Ati. oate Eipyc. (EIre has the digamma, Fi'ee, so that no elision takes drxrf in t.) b96 roR./i6a yap aEo'rarpb' i}vZ /IEYi/plotLrav lK'ovoa. (EIv, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 103. Ov Bptdpewov Kce'lovaI leoi, Pde IpeE 6 re wievreTEf. Bpt6peuv-pEOwv pronounced as one syllable, by synesresrs.) 404 Ah )eiwv'' 3 ykp aVre Pil oh I 7rarpbO yLzeivOv. (oi has the digamma, Foiv, so that no elision takes place tw t,te final vowel of P3ii.) 109. TobV 6e carea wpvtvavoS r Kcat I Ka' i'&a I eaat'Axatodr (2lr'at has the digamrma, Fe2caat, preventing the hiatus.) 415. a,-O' h0eAe 7rapa I vvvaiv loea66ipvroc icai 47rrpwv. (vvaoiv pronounced as two syllables, by synmeresis.) 416. i7Oat e wrei vv -rot alna tivvvOd wrep, ovTCr luXza A6iv. (d;ia2, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 421. a2.a? aovb'jeZ vv&v I vlvao 7rapjljeevo Iev-,iropotatv. (vynva pronounced as a dissyllable, by synaresis.) 430. trv pa ilg (itcKOVTOC hrirvlpl)v. I Avrap'06vaGEVC. (hf7rrnvpv-Vpeo)v pronounced as two syllables, by syrnaeres-.. 431. Eg Xpvlanv ijallvev a(yov iepqiv Ektarzbr/v. (iKaver, initial vowel rendered long by the aug'ment.) 437.'E eE ica avro' paaIvorv El7rtZ nlyljfve OaPida2ag. (iErZ, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 438. te 6' i e/ariyrtnv flyaav EKeqy46O I|'A-ixo62 vog. ('Awr;ltuvor, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.' 444. PEat'IrEip AavaCjv, o50p' I 2;a6oejjEOca avjiara. (itaaG5,eo0a, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.- irfare has the diganma, Fdvasra, preventing the hiatus.) 452 Compare line 38. 454. rfeuaaa 1eiv ieajE puya 6 6' lipao Aabv'AXaetev. (e, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 462 vale d' kir yipg 6 yipov, 7rw I[ 6' aitonra I olbov. (olv ov has the diaffnamna, Fotov, preventing the hiatus.1 0 2 t135 h4~3~I'METRICAL iN DEX. Lino 472 og ldl lrav)illptul o OrOy O9e3v I Zuacl'ovro. (Zd3c7sovre, znitial syllable lengthened by ihe armss.1 473 KCid leo [iovrEf,waceova cokpot'Axatsv. (tIa2L6v, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 479 rootv 6' 1iKiEvov opJPov ijet iKid[epYOc'AW6i2.Uv. (EKdepyoc has the digamma twice, FEi'cd.Fepol, the jfist o which saves the preceding diphthong from elision.) 85 Y7tla i o7ye JEL2Latvav iTr''7rceilpoto Ep[vuaav. (Epvacav has the digammna, FHpvacav, preventing the 3'~tiuj 1 486 avrTap 6 [uive I v|jvcw2 nprapljievoc LdKw7rpotztv. (vlvoa pronounced as a dissyllable, by synaresis.) (91. o-bre rorT' Eg rT62EjLIZv. 12c 0;[aqlj0tvvPOKe OiZov tep. (7ri6quZov, last syllable lengthened by t/he arsis, and also by tnu pause in the line.) 495. ruaTvre~ (ea, Zev' 6' hpxE, Oirtf 6' ohv jlOET, iblETILV. | (EiEbuvruv —&ov pronounced as one syllable, by synceresis.) 502. etccozEVg i7 npotleTre Ata Kpovil[ova avialcra. (ivatcra has the digamma, FdvaKCra, preventing the hzabtus.X 506 E-TREr.' c vrdp la vav ye dvafn avadpavF'AaYoltayvn)Wv. ((Jvaf has the diganmsa, Fdva4, preventing the hiatus.) 510. vi16 iaOV -ricalv, b0i09Xjwcia Tv il E | *un. (I has the digamma, Fe, preventing the hialus.) fi5151. k aciet' nEti OV 7,t EhTrol iO I |Op' - b eidj. (iE7r, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.- cid has the ds. gammna, FecdS, uwhich saves the diphthong evfroron elision.) b18. V) J 2I oityta [I py', brTE jU EXOodo-Taa i'~cELt. (Epy' has the digamnma, FFep', preventing the hiatus.) 5 28.,? atn I Kcvavn,'vtv Ein' bopatc vende Kpoviov. (,cKavtoacv, the initial syllable lengthened by the arszs.) 529 aclap6pcata c6' dpa xalrat E'7rep6juavnro avJa1crog. (avazcrog has the digainma, FdvacKro, preventing the hiatus? 537. 0'voilaev iM6ova', reL I oGl av[qpau arTo Tova2dr. (oi has the digamma, Foe, preventing the hiatus.) [39 ahvrlca ICeproytotut Aia Kpoviwva nrpo jqvda. I (nrpogoda —vpda pronounced as two syllables, by synmeresis.; tr. rp6qopwv r7rnl7j1iS Eirrlelv ErocS irre vo'7a'oI. (r7rje7zgca, final syllable lengthened by the position jormed by the consonant f and the diganzma in FeeL7rev.) 550. tr irt ab raOra Eltcaara dteipeo, ttzdi [eerd2aa. (eKaara has the digamma, FeKr-ra, preventing the hiatus.) 5i51 rav 6' oE L [aET' i-reara po or~ I nr6rtla I'HePi.'Hom has the ai aamLma, FiPht, preventing the hiatus.) MET. RICAL INDREN. 43:J 559. ri bacat s?s dI woflaSa ir.Vrjva'pA!va'. (nro2etat pronounced as two syllables, by syncerclicsi.-vj'oo also pronounced as two syllables, from the samnt cause.) 573. 7 1 X oiyta[ i'py a rd6' hoaeraa, o06' ver' eria. (epya has the digaroma, F6pya, preventing the hiatus.) 578. warpa Oi[2n iTrinTpa beiplev At., I obpa2 fi a-.v,. (h5pa has the digamma, Fd6pa, preventing the hiatus.) 583. abrc/c' E7rere' Zil2oc I'O2o3txereoc &aeraet Vetv (iZfiog, penult lengthened by the arsis.) 606. oa /tv KaKtaioVTreo Erav ol1K6vce sKla 0aaro (tricarGOc has the digamma, FioaCrog, preventing the hiatus -6(zv, final syllable lengthened by the position produced by the final consonant v and the digaroma ini FoIieUv6e.) 607. r'/VL ft/i2OT7r dcdpa rwepticXvvr7o'AyuoCyv7ect. (Elcdoar( has the diganima, Feiacirc, preventing the hiatus.) ]09. Zevgc- R, wpbf ouy Zixofg, it/''0)2vLzrtcoa' orepoyTrcigc. (There is a defect iz this linze, since, inasmuch as ov has the aigaamma, Fo1, the preceding -rpOc oZught to be long by posi. tion, which would vitiale the dactyl. Bentley recommends the rejection of o.v from the text, so that the line may run as follows: ZaS &E | wrp5f Aovs igi' tc.) B OO I I I. t.'Agoet?pv pna eoi re Ka i c aviper I in-riolcopvoTra. (avtpEC-, initial syllable lenzgthened by the arsis.) 4. -rtuay; b/on4' wo2lia9. ieri I wTvcYiv'AXactv. -roXLa - afg as one syllable, tby syneresis.- vrvva psronounced as a dissyllable by synceresis.) 6. Wde U6 o|L cara 6Vlnbv a9p7 C a 0ai a vero ipvmXi. (ol has the digamma, For, preventing the hiatus.) A,3K3 aic' l O[ E oVCe lipe, &oahC etri vicar'AXagtv. (oVeXE has the digamma, FoOYe, preventing the hiatus. —An hiatus, however, actually takes place betzoeen ov2Le and 6r 1epe, which there is nothing to remedy, unless we -ead, wil, Knight, b2rJ', the elided form of the vocative, from kYoFoc.) s I ipjjflaL iE a2ceve icaplcoydovraag Axatovq. (. has the digamnzma, Fe, so that there is no'cision in ti,, diphthongo precedi'ng.) ~. arr 6' ep' n-rEp avEcaX7l N;1~tlji vnit JloCLuet. (uvi has the di'arnmma, Fvut, so thao no elzsion takes place in th., t40 IMETRICAL INDEX. finac vowel of N;rlfri,.-botcKi has also tih digamma tLww, Fe.FoclK6, the first of which prevents the hiatius with vh.) v. o~ Xpg 7raxvvXllOv el6eLtv povX02jOp6av dvpa (rravv v.Sv,final syllble lengthened by the arsis.) 3S. v r7T tO' C v6, Tae Ij,7, c a Z ZeCVf I dETO I pya. {(0y has the dliga.mma, Fd6, preventing the hiats. —-Ep)a.hs abso the digarnma, Felp.,.preventing the hiatus.) 43 KQArv, | 7L 7yaTeov' |rrp~ I /' ~a I i PitO flaxero iipor. (tci.6v has the first sylldabl lengthened by the a-s'is. —6d S also lengthened by the arsis.) 44. sroaat d' vrlo 2ctrapl[oFav W6faaro I Kcaia rrjdltZa. (viro, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.-cKa26a, initial sylI lable lengthened by the arsis.) 58. ei6l TE 1EiYeJO6 re7, ~vcv r' ityXltcrra iIG6ee. (re lengthened by the arsis.- itKect has the. digamma twuce -FESC:KEz, the first of which prevents the hiatus.)w 71. )Xr' L7roor1rdelvJf, V EO' I 6c y viv''7rvog vidv~ev. (a1roirrracevf6, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.. 74. xal EpyEcv abv I vrvat olrAvlKAiz*t Ke!, -sE. (vevae, two syllables, by synaeresis.-row A. I Zact, penlllt length ened by the ars.s.) tI7. NiarOp, 4i ba [vIoa,oo cv]a5 /v caOev6roC. (ava5 has the digamma, Fava:, preventingr the hiatus.) 87..irTe I EOvea I loa eXotaa6ov iLctv6wv. (EOvea has the digamnma, FeOvEa, prev enting the hiatus.) a0 ai pev I r' yEvna ii2jetr rewrorarat, aI ad re I evOa. (iLXt' has the digamma, FdLctc, preventing the hiatus.-Thers is an hiatus, hoivever, in tre. 0va, which escaped the obser. vation of Bentley, and for which Heyne proposes rot Evea 96. Aanv irf6VrW, i5ca6og 6' ivj, iEvvsa Ii Ec ar. (acEaf, one syllable, by synaresis.) 102'HoatroroS uv 66)KE Ali Kpovailjv advlaKrc. (a(wrKTL has the digamma, F6varcrT, preventing Mthe hiats 104'Epyeijlacg &e 6&ai 6Kcev T/?i.orl,rrtivrrrw.'' (ivaf has the digamma, Fcvag, preventing the hiatus.) 1D8. rroXXaicv vrnotaL Kaca'Ap,, el I ravri vnl cacetv. (avdaEaetv has the digamma, Favdaaemv, prevelting the Aktat., to9. rip by' Epet,uevlJ5O &rre' I'Apyeiotal jcerjyleVa I (&petaaE evno, last syllable lengthened by the crsss.-,errwbba — 1r6d pronounced as two spyllables, by sy?iresrs.) METRICAL INDEX. 141 Liae 11f obirw wrov Ad #piA2~et birepjtev[ij Oiov I eivat. (~inrepF-ev4i, final syllable lengthened by the arsi s.) 127 Tp6cwv I' rddpa,,laacrov E'oioqeO t oivoXoeeltv. (Ecaarov and oitvoXoeetV have each the digamma, FHiaanr and F-otvoXooEetv, preventing inz each case the hiatus.) 128i nrl2ai ye dE(i6Ee deevloiarao oivox6oto. (ofvoxo:YG has the digamma, preventing the hiatus.) 13 7. w'62&ow 3], roXiwv EyXiacraZost a'vppe baactv. (.-roX2wuv pronounced as two syllables, by synceresis.; 13. CaT' IvI [eyaplotg.orti' yyEvatI cqutl 6B 1 toryov. (bvZ, final syllable lengthened by the arsis. —Epyov has t06 j. ganzma, FEpyov, preventing the hiatus.) 140. ~evyweUvu acv I vavci i2i77Vv E' 7rt.rpgia yatav. (vwvai p2ronounced as two syllables, by symzresis.) 145.'r6vrov'IKapioto, 7ra je r' Evp6O re N6rog re. (Knight gives'tIcapiolo the digamma, FtKapio.Po, the fi st Eo which prevents the hiatus.) 146. itpop' eirIaiz'lat rarppog Alto' nc vere&iduv. (Ebratias has the antepenult lengthened by the arsis.) 150. ulag err' baaedovro, roduv d' VwiVepOe tKovjlT. I (K'ovu2 penult lengthened by the arsis.) 154. oMKade ie|ulvmv i7wi 6' pEov Eppyara vw(Yv. (iepiv(ov has the digamma, F[tepivwv, prevenlino the hiatus.Eilqvov has also the initial vowel lengthened by the arsis.) 1.58. oru d(] oi[O VdlSE pi3~Zv h5 rarpida yatav. (oKv6ue& has the digamma, FotZc6rue, so that no elision takes place in dr6.) 64. aoCf aiyavotf iirEaaEtv p,7rvTE O Ira Eicjlarov. (EKaaT )v has the digamma, rFicaarov, preventing the hiatus.1 65. Ud16' alia'ljadc a?2ad' j ieeuev zit,-tekaiaca. (vrsac, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.-The common text has Ml&Ey ha, but this produces an hiatus, which vitiates the line. Knight, accordingly, reads p71t' Eae (i. e., yt7d /Fa'e;, and Bentley pyrd' Eda, but we have preferred to either the emendation of Thiersch, psd6' Era. Gr. Gr., 220, 69.) d: 4 r 66' Kear' Obti'yiroto napvuwV I at clfacf0. (hi aaa, initial vowel lengthened by the arsts.) 169 espev reretr''Odvaca AtLI e7~jrZv &reijuLavurov. (AtL, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.-/la~r', the sam rt.75 7 Er5caO' iv v7sjEaat wroAvw2j n t e OJa6vre. (rTro2?.raX, venllt lcngtlhened by /le a,. ia.) METRICAL INDEX. l.in9 18i6 Compare line 16;4. l9 l. Compare line 165. 185. an'ird 6''ATrpel&ee'iAya[pelEtvovoc acvreof'AOcEv. ('Arpe'6ewo-6ew pronounced as one syllable, by s'9'natesis.) 186. a-r6 | ol aGc~Krrtrov 7ra-rpiG'ov, (pd2Trov a'e:g. (ol has the digamma, Foe, preventing the hiatus.) I93) riv 6' kayavotg krieaaetv EpllrVCarKaee wrapaarauf.'Comipare line 192, book i.) _9 ocudve', oV c ae lotKE, Kcal/cjv.,:, etrlioaea6at. (Eoetce has the digamma twice, FJoteKe, the first of whzch pl, vents the hiatus.-i-ao v, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 192. OV, YPp t 7ro ca4ia 1 ola0, oioc v~oo'ATrpeiovor. (oIl0' has the dig'amma, FolaO', preventing the hiatus.) 9'6. 6Ovp0 ] 6e &iLya' I ai 6e' orpeCTioEEc fe.azl7oc. (6- lengthened by the arsis.) 197. rtF~?ij 6' EK At6f Eart, 0tIJEE 69 I I Zylrer7a Zev. (E has the digamma, FE, preventing the hiatus.) 198. ov 6' av3 6ejov I r' avdpa idloL, Po6ovra r' ieEVpoe. Wtiho has the digamma, Fidot, preventing the hiatus.) 205 E7C pa~acXee'c, 6 b6ueE KpOVov 7rabg (iyKrvolu7lrEG,. I (ayKv2J0oelyr7E-reOE one syllable by synceresis.)'206 aCerrp6v rY' VSW idi6tcara itvla cahpbab f3aejtjEV. (This line violates the metre, since no good reason can be as signed for the length of the first syllable in aZpat, except the mere necessity of the verse, which is, in fact, no reason at all. Consult, also, Explanatory Notes, for other objectowns — The final syllable, however, in caqota is long by the arsis., 211. i2Rot ItEV Pi' b(ov-ro IpJlrTlTOev 6' tcaO' bSpao. (According to some, the v is long here in Epe-rbOev, because contracted for ipepr7Oyiaav. A better reason, however, is, becauese the digamma intervenes, and produces a lengthening by positidn with the following 6, namely, p7,rb.FOev. Cor. pare line 192, book i.) 3 Bh pEi-ra OpEprZ a tiv KOiv L r7o te 7roX re | d.j ($Jr6 has the digarnma, FA,1,I, preventing, the hiatus.) 215 U')A' rt ] o cd atto ro ye2oiov'Apye'ota v. (ol has the digamrna, Foe, p7 eventing the hiatus.) 186. t.efEvat - at'axtcaro 61 aivl1p o' I Ixtov 2Po6ev. (This line is fzulty on account of the hiatas in 6d rivip, wh.zc Bentley seeks to remedy by reading d' ip' &(vejp, or aiy(arno METR CAL INDEX, 413 ilm d' (ivdpucv.-'12tov, however, has the diga.nma, Fi2?tov, prce vcnting a second hiatus. —Kight rejects, ats faully, hiwt, 217-219 inclusive.) 217. t2.lco6 -ov, XA2br' re'7pov rdoa' i ra 6- oT h I po. (ol has the digamma, Fot, preventing the hiatus.) 2.8 ~-ptrio(r7 d6i6olEtv VTr' av arro2ieOpov'b2uloev. (idopEgv, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.).33.;i)o' aoi,76 U'r or I v6aot tcariaXeat; —ov eiv EOttlev. (a'irSc,final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 236 olcadY 7rep ubv vIvrut ve6/uetOa r6vde 6' ~&tteV. (vjvei pronounced as two syllables, by synaresis.) 239. ~ c Kat viv'AxtlZXa, 1ijo5 1t' at|eivova ~&ra. (io has the dig'amma, FIo, preventing the hiatus. —The.tma vowel in E6 is also lengthened by the arsis.) 245. ecai tetv vilod66pa 131b~v Xare5 ivi'a7r e5.:: (tdS6v has the diganmma, preventing the hiatus.) 249. juuev/at, boao t d.e''ArpEiIdiSC erb "Ig,eov W0ov.. ('I2Lov has the digarnma, FiXtov, preventing the hiatus.) 252 oi6i rtelrru oa [jevic eo, irrou Earlat' TriE I epya. (Zreuev has the lIigamma, Fi&Sev, prieventing the hiatus. So, also, p/ n has the digaamma, Fipya, prevenliig anothev hiatus.) 255.?cjaat bvetdirjuv irt I o I tud2a rwoZXa dieovcav. (ot has the digamma, For, preventing the hiatus.) 261. Ei E? iye ac 2a6hiv ar ro e |I yiv a I eiCyara dac. (EZliara has the diganzma, FerilaTa, preventing the hiatus., 266. 4L2v b 6' iOhO60q, &a2Levp6 d& i oiibESs~reoc 6cpv. (oI haes the digarmna, Fot, preventing the hiatus.) 268. K?:i.F7pov i'ro XpG[Iov 6 d6' p'| eTO, rdp6nyav re. (.Tpvoiov must be pronolunced as a dissyllable, so that — 4ov Q d' cp' fornts a dactyl.) 269 rytaao d' aXyplov i6(ojv, (toyreoiop aro hpvr. (This line is inetrically faulty, since id v has the digamnm'a, Ft6hv, and the final s&yllable of axpeiov ought, therefore, t1 be long by position, and can not form the second of a ductyl. Bentley suggests hxpeiov dpdv, or hXpeia Ft&dv. Mlany passages occur in wuhicLh op&v and ihev' appear to be interchanged, and probably the present one ozught to be added tv the number. Heyne also inclines toward aXpetov otvv.) r70 hi a Ri, Kat t(1,viteEvot,Ep, 5rr' aVTO, I 7j?V yEiaaaav. (eW6 has the d;ian.mmna, Fovh, p-,rcvertin the hia!us.} 144 METRICAL INDEX. Line 271 U.- Od I Tig Et.rXTECKEV 1dUV E r | vr2n8iov aX2LoV. (eireaKev has the digamma. FE,reaKev, so that 1 i become long by position.) 272 2 7r67rot,' 6' lmvpi''O(SviaCiCC ~ CIaOia Eopyev. (topyev has'the digaroma, FEopyev, preventing the hiatus.) 274 vfv &6 rdl6jde y' hp[tarov'Apyeiotaiv ipeFeu. (r66E, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) %71 6C rvy V o67717r)pa iT7r[e66iov t&X' a(yop(JV. (ivrea662ov has the digamnma, Fe7reoa62,o v prerenting tne hiatus,), 284'A~rpi6id, vby 6Q cE dv-ra~ Ei0iOUvLt, Xxa:oi. (ava5 has the d amma, F[va~, preventing the hiatus.) 290. a2t2L7Xotatv OdHpovrlat otlKCl6VE vieEOac., (olb6vde has the digamma, FoItcKove, so that no elision tas,6 place in the preceding diphthong.) 291. Fv cai rri6vo iarzO v a vlOjl0Evra viEOeat. (avZOEWvra, the t lengthened by the arsis.) 292. Kat y/p Trt O' va ba uivla jilvav Iro! 7 g dIa2oXo. (?C has the digamrma, Fi7, preventing the hiatus.) 294. XetCEptlat eZIdEwativ OpltvoCt16V7 TE &Odaaoa. (ei.Ee6ltv has the digamma, FEeXiaelv, preventing the hiatua. -EvI2ot v, moreover, must be pronounced as three sylla blea merely, by synaresis, the syllable ec being contracted into ) 297. avXa2dav rrajs | yvoi Kopl-uvtlv 6aXL6 Ka0 eutr n. (vYlval pronounced as two syllables, by syncer^esis.) 301. Ze yaep I i ri6ei |6IY Ev i C peciv' i OETe de rTrev. (iyutev has the digamlma, Fi61iev, preventing the hiatus.) 307..caxkOU i.rlb z2arnaviarrp, 60ev iev'yZabv vdop. (mcaD,, first syllable lengthened by the arsis.)'10 wC,.of0'7rlofrlaa 7rp6o'pa rAaradvLarov Opovaev. (v6t`'aCa, antepenult lengthened by the arsis.) Bl'irjr7p 6' a, YOE7roTlaTo oh6lvpoaEvy9 0i2ba TiEcva. (This line is faulty in point of metre, since there is nwlhasn to prevent the hiatus. Bentley suggests qcouerorar' 6bo0. 1t. i3aC= yap piv WOice Kpoivov raif z y1CvRoljtereo. I (yIeo,/;onreTe-reo pronounced as one syllable by synterei. so that -utjtreo forms a spondee.) 829 re 6ecra.M c 6 rr6?2,1Jv caijpAcaopev ebpvcyveav. ( r6o'v, final syllable lengthened by the arsis ) MIETRICAL INDEX. t445 2t32. carsJ, I sl76eev 7a2rv #ya IIo(tuiOteO IA)~u]tv. (The pause saves the last syllable of aVro~J torm eision. o, in other words, prevents the hiatus. —-With regard to IIp; duoto CO uAEev, Bentley suggests llpCtdioto 62,4r, i. e.,,'a&jn but Knight gives Uiu(dev itself the digamma, Fi2..~l:V.. 3.&,-: f';r7' "'Apyeot d 6 Ieiy' Iayov, [I ec6iu 6di vEf. (Zaxov, initiul vowel lengthened by the arsis.) T. t2 iO'roto 0j' r7raLatv EoUlcOre i ayopjaoaOe. (ayopiaaOe, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 338 vnpretxotr, oZi o7rtel,ec woujlia I Epya. (Cpya has the digamnma, Fipya, preventing the hiatus.) 34S 7rpiv'Apyjo9 6' l~vat, -rpiv Kai Atbg aiytxolto. (7rpZv lengthened by the arsis.) 351. ylart r~i, Ore I ~Uivatv'I Er' (5evpYpovU p Ee6atvov. (vvoaiv pronounced as two syllables, by syneresis.):35t. r,trcf 7rp.v Eii EtyiOEr0 olKO16vd vCgeaOa. (ole6vBE has the diganmna, Foco6vSe, so that there is no eliston of the preceding vowel.) 357. Ei d: r6T lgrrE Tuy2.a WOieI oLIt6vbce vicaOat. (oic6vbe has the diganzma, FoKOc6vE, so that there is no elisiw in the preceding diphthong.) 358. rrriaOel9 I I9 vbF eiiaauieoto UEcalvqg. (OI has the digamma, F~C, preventing the hiatus.) 360. at7auc, 6vlaW, avr0S r' eV b6dEo, ert6cE6 r' 61ca. (acvao has the diganmma, Feiva~, preventing the hiatus.) 361, obroL, 7 wrZoG'2rov nroC I Euaerat, OTrt eL CE EiW. (&ar62vrorv,.final syllable lengthened by the arsis. —ecrcO has the digamnma, Ferio, and hence ice, not cKE, must precede. The latter form would be long by position, and would, o, course, violate the measure.) 866. _d6' b e' KO2bOg ha' Kicarla ogao ji yap toxiO.r. (apEia pronounced as one syllable, by syntresis, a aracg fo-ming a spon ice.) t, yvtaaea I 6', ei'C eai Oceirceai, -r6tv oalc eitawd:ietr. (tyvcraeat pronounced as two syllables, by synaresis, and jolnri.ng a spondee.)'.- tr; ce raiX it71ece ir6cS Ilpticloto avICCTrog. tvaKt'aro ha, the digamnma, Fivaicrog, preventing the hiatus.) a'I2 ~.',rtCv Trap I lvo c Kopl|oviatv, I OV* ol rrlerta.'rlvac pronzounced as a dissyllable, by synaEresis. —ol 6as thd digamma, Fot. so that no elision. takes place ii the preed. inc dipjPVl.,z 12 ) P 1 tI) MEI,'lU'.,AL INDE.X.'t9 t. I {.r' T Apyieio ae yY' zaxoV, J 5c oire Itaa. (taXov, initial syllable lengthenew oy the arsts.) 105. Niaropa FIv 7-Tp).l-ata icai'Ihno/jlevIja hivlaIcra. (hvarcra has the digamma, Fvoa;c 7a, preventazng hI.e h'a~t ) 107. CKrT(z 6r' abr''OdvaOla Atl t 7lvliv hr6t[avvov. (AtZ and Ttzriv have each the final syllable lengthened by iA a. sis.) 4?." aVc'67aro cE cli o| -2LOe /aoiv cJyaOnBi Mevi -o.a. (ol has the dig amzma, Fo, preivntin? the hiatus.)'il ie aC" aT*V' uo' pa i 7r3d ol iTrie)cpaia lve Kprciv. (ol has the digamma, Fot, so that there is no elision in te preceding vowel.) ~434.'A ped7 ICtgILTrE divla5 ahvdpuv'Ayu,,oev. (a'va5 has the digamma, FivaS, preventinz r the hiatus.) 436. au'aX|(DuticOa I pyov, 6 d' &ig hyyvrcl. (Ipyov has the diganm. a, Fipyov, preventnag the hialzs.1 4,40. io)/tev, I ~pa ee 9i aoaov iyuepoazev ['. Apra. (tooev, initial vowel lengthened by ine ar..s.) 449. 7ravrT Eg iT2ee,-'CC I/alIT-C6,otoIo 6 c Efa[ci,<. (iiiTn2Lr'ECi, final syllable' lcngthened by the arsis. —-c'raaror has the diganoma, Fcaaaroc, piev'"':'iing' the hiatus.) 454. iv vyvIot y7Zaf5vpyact Qpitvv e} vrarp'`, yatav. (vivaci pronounced as two syllables, by synccresis hence tz vav- forms a spondee. ) 465. es 7rediov 7rpoxIa ovro6 Kcaljyauwv ptov' avrTcp vruo X06Pv. (The final vowcel of rpoiCovVro0 remains short before the acK zn the next woard, it being impossible otherwise to adapt sutch a form as Zca/c'ivdplotoV t the measure. To remove such a shortening as the present one, Kfnight reads Katdvdptov. Consult Anthon's Greek Pr-osody, p. 6.) R8G.1 eAJAv 8! ~y XetpV M | icapi dpl' VOEttIEv; t. (Conzsult remarks on previous line.) 47f1 -pp iv | aplv~, i7 e 7v y7cyaO h7yyEa vet. (Tihis line violates the metre, since eiaptlviO has the i.gamma, -FetaptvI, which would make Ev long by position. BentlI suggests eSpv ecaptv7,, i. e., eSpy Fetapctv?.) t5. iarue yhLp ea[i iaearr,'pleori ye, 7 e vE t E Tre rava. (lare has the digamnma, Flare, preventing the hiat is.) 486. 7meZe(6 ieV hK2o-oov th codomeva, OiuE 7rv iC hev. (tiriev has the digamma, Fcl(ur v, preventing the -hiathm AIETIIR(:AL IJ)I1':X. 447 190 (jdi' 6' at5nplK )f XaK |rcleov d [LoL I jTOp Eve1n.,ciXEOIv-eoP pronounced as one syllable, by synmeresls.) BOO 0 K III.. Tpiek Zv KXtayy r' Evor0y T' Tinv, bpvliOS' |o (bpvetOg, last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 24. ephov p i;%apov icepallv 7 I hyptOv aIya. (Kepa5n, last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 27. 6f ei6pi7 MEviXaog'A2iEavdpov &eojeLdEa. I (&eoetEia-ea pronounced as one syllable, by synceresis, u that -et6Ea forms a spondee.) 33. ed5 6' Bre 7ig re dpI[tcovra lind[v railvopaoc &LrInEl. (1'&v has the digamma, FtL6v, preventing the hiatus.) 35. e27b rT ever.eJpr/l]vo v, eajyp6o r /tv' e ie 7raoel~t. (&veX~Lpyatv, last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 39. S6a7rapt, I Flof 6apc-re, yvvatuavsc, wrEporrEvra. (eLon has the diganema, Fdedoc, preventing the hiattis.) 40. cEiO' OjE ec (tyOV]5g T7' EevatE, eyarLOg r' aTro0E Oa;a. (065E1?2, last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 44. oaVTcE apleT7ja irpolov ytEEaL,oVe; vEKca Ca2lOv. (KaXdv, first syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 46.' Toe0o65'c eIrv iEV.OVT07o6poLt VcEEGCO. (This line oqffends ag'ainst the metre, there beingo an hiatus s.x rotoSde ECvj. Bentley suggests roIovtro] i6V.) 55. 7T re K,6,L: TO TEe I EEdoc, or' i'KoVia, e/~yecL'j. (EiJoCo has the diganzloa, FEidoS, preventing the hiatus.) 57 A/i'vov (ao60 XLrOva KalcJv EcVEX', I' oca Elopy/a. ((opyag has the digamnma twice, FVfiopyac, the first of these preventing the hiatus.) 60. atiTC re, KpadVl 7rLEleZcvc Sg Eu'rtv rcEItpeC. (Bentley gives 6C the digarmma, Fw.(, which makes the final syllable of rrLE2SIvg long by position. Otherwise it will be lengthened by the arsis.) 6._. aT' clEtv dea doopOi' | avEpog, O| pie TE 7TI2y. (acivpog has th. initial vowel lengthened by the arsis.) g { e pote Sp' &pat arpo6elipe Xpvuli Ei'A pol 6ir f. (As XpvuEr'T has the initial syllable long, we must pronouonc -gln, th, remaznder of the word, as one long syllable, by sy sneIcres;s, makin, -eqy'Aopo- a dactyl.) 44IS METRiCAL INDEX. 72.,rei-taO' lhv EV 7ravTa yvlvalcda re oi azul' a'yiaeo. (oitad' has ihe digamrma, FonKa6', preventing the hlatus.) $3. CTeVTrac e ydp rt LTrrj5 diE tv KOPvOalooC'EKsrup. (bEro~ has the digamma, Fenog, preventing the hiatus -lhe fina; syllable of rxcS, moreover, is lengthened by the e.y;i.) 8 v -rE Xea I c22' aTrolOEaOa t Er XI Oovt vro;v2v6orEipt. (sea2,' lengthened by the arsis.) 93 Compare line 72. _ 103 Oiaere 6' pv'y, e erpov j2ev1Vu, dirup]ir. 6 lugAzvavy. (2evOcbv, final syllable lengthened by the a7sis.) 106. avr'6c, Er'leti oi I zadeS v7rrepbga2ot ate adrtarot. (ol has the digammna, Fcc, s' that nto eision takes place in thy preceding diphthong.) 116.'EKerwp 6 dS'por7 aTV dvi KepvKaC5e bETrjezrev. (ha1rv has the digammtn, FaTrv, preventing the hiatus.) 119. vran en7rt y2aQvpag iHvIat 6,' 1 Uipv' dE'I(Ze-vEV. (As i.pv' has the digamma, Fcpv', the line, as it at present stands, is faullty, and perhaps we should read Mle 4pvf. i6EvevEV, i. e., ide F(;dpve IC2evev.) 125. rinv 6' Cep' E iV v eydp' * ] 66 etyav aTrnv 0awleEv. (61 lengthened by the arsis.) 128. ovS EOev oveCe' no'axoov Mr, J'Apy joc -raJ2a#coPv. ('Apy.oC, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 129.'dyXo 6d' loraEpgi 7rrpogiy 7ro'dag uciEa 1'Iptl. I ('Ipet has the digamma, FplSg, preventing the hiatus.) 130. (5Ep' C0t, vvpoia 0i2a1i, Za I &EKec u ya I lpynaija. (epya has the digaroma, Fipya, and 72dat the digarnma, Fidvat both preventing the hiatus.) 140. avwpOdg T7E rporiejponco nat I ]arreog dE TtoeKeoy. (Thlis line is.raulty, since dcariEOg has the digamma, teareog, and Kat can not, therefore, be shortened. It is probable that the true reading is 7rpoTrpov Ical.) i2 e' t'dpe9p E~ef 6Ezcvot orra 2uetplte6oav eeytlv. cevdpeSp pronounced as if written 3ev6pp, and then shortened by elision.. Mg. aivdgC Oavcirgot Efg Elg; ~Jnra jEotce-v. (Eoercev has the digam.na, FiolCEv, preventing the hiatus.) 6:3. dppa ZlPj s7rporep6v re rda:-V 7'lo0SC're 121ovg re. (M,13 has the digamma, Fid,6 preventing the hiatus., 89 fcadZov d' ovreo dyv o61 obln oa toI I beOa3,Loaotv.. (WZov has the digamma, Fi'dov, preventi7ng any elisio?! of the p'eel e'ina vowel, -which remains lon~ of rourse METRICAL INDEX. 44.1 Li. 170 oid6' oiTro yepapov - j3aac2iXi yo I hvdpt EIloKEt (nOIKeev has the digamoma twuic,, FiFotKev, Pit. fisi of whice prevents the hiatus.) 1(2. aldic i'6f Te (UO EtUL-Oilje bEcvpe 6EcVJ6gf re. (Oiep and iKvpE have each the fina, syillable lengthened fb the. arsis.) Ld5 F'la.I6ov 2reicrovc epdyIaC|, av vpao I aio;xor(al;)ovf i: tov has the digamma, Fidor, preventing the hiatus. —-vfaeg has the inatial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 190?.' oi6d' ot rot 7v. oav, 0c0ot EajitcoIare'AXatoi. (iZictneg has the digamma, FEiXtcwurES, preventing a,2y b'' of the preceding diphthong.) t91. deVTepov aSOr''Odvloa tdjov ipietv' 6 yepati. (iu&v has the dligamma, Fiduv, preventing te nzatus.) 197. tipVetE pev EYIjYE eliJIC)Ke'rYE(S;vtuL2. (E'aKo has the dig'amma, Fetiacw, preventing'ae hia.tb. 203. Tiv 6' aBr''AvTivop 7rEirvv[uLvog (v-riovj[VJa. (7bda pronounced as two syllables, by syntvrcsis.) 204. ch ynvai, z ya[Wa I roOro hrjoS 1'vUeprTE EET7rEC. (Earo has the digamma, Fida.;, preventing the hiatus.' 214. 7ranpa tpv, O.2Xa /6i2ja Tyju' aret ob 7roU ToVpvOoc. (tedLCl, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 217. cardicev, vi7rlar 6de 6jecrce, tca-r XovogS opiara ir/af. (ideocK has the digamma, FidecKce, preventing the hiatus.) ~'19. 2.? 7' aTre/q/JLOC iXECEV, ati'dpe'I OWTi T E'ocJCg. (inEtccC has the diacamma twice, FE.FotKujS, the foiner of.iicP prevents the hiatus.) 221 i2,2' VrE d6} p( 0h7ra T Te7Cyi(Oldt1V Eic a7T-EOC I leC. (TE lengthened by the arsis.-t-Ze, first syllable lengthened bH the arsis.) 222. Kat E7'ElCa vetjldeaatv'otKTcra XEIlEPiyatv. (1irea, final vowel lengthened by the arsis.) 23C'IdopevEg d6' ErioptOev e'v Kpc7reaCt, &E[6 j f. I (s6gC has thefinal syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 236 dot', d' ohJ dvaalltai i6iteEv noGCYnrope 2a3v. (i6ietv has the digamma, FdietLv, preventing the hiatus.).37 Kae'ropi -' i17r7r6daUov tKat rvbS (ya/oav lIO;2vl6OIccEa. I I3AvsSEKEacea-ea pronounced as one syllable, by synarests 245. aOVlKceg 6' vP al a|orv TOESv ~bpov Opicta 7TtTca. (carv?has the digaomma, Fei7rv, preventing the hiatus.) 126'pve 6dio ical I ol ov li' Vpova, /capnxov apo;,'v. PP2 150.) IIMETRICAL INDEX. (ol ov has the digamnzmal FoZvov, so thal no elision takecs piate: ir the preceding diphthong.) 248 Krpv'Idao5C i16id Xpvaleta;Icdne2Zoa. ('I6a5Sg, -~6 long by the arsis; no syna ezis takes place in Xpw aeta; on the contraig, -EZaC KTr- foi ms a regular dactyl.) 249 (rpvtZv 6- yEpovra nrapLtTue!voSg VTrEi Cv. (nraptr (ItevOSg has the final syllable lonc by position, inr&eearc having (he digamrma; Ferei&catv.) 262. 7rTp di ol''Av7tvop nreptcKaD2.a flPcTro diopov. (o,, has the digamma, ot, preventing the hiatus.) 267. (cpvvro d' advrlic' lnjera auvl a vdpi6pv'Ayatpevov. (avas has the digammna, FivaS, preventing the hiatus.) 26j. optcta 7-Itra iEST v avayov, Kp7ptdep' 6I | otvov. (olvov has the digamma, Foivov, preventingf t1te hiatus.) 271.'A7peil|j 7 d Ep UjfvaovEvo XEIpeuaa UiiXalav. (ipvoucclevog has the diga r ma, Fepvooa6uevoc, preventing ftt hiatus.) 272.? o5l I 7rap 5ioeoc toiya KcovRe,~G aiyv 6opro. (ol has the digamma, For, so that no eliszon takes place in tlA previous vowel, which remrains long of course.?26. rtmu|v 6''Apyciotc io'ortIlev,, ]i vrv' hlOe/CEV. (This line is faulty, since EOcKEY has t%7k digamma, and no apostrophe can properly take place in vretva, while, even i} it could, vrTLv' would still have the fintn syllable -tv' long' by position. Bentley, therefore, corrects iv re Eotucer, i. e., nv e FfFotIKer.) 300. uSe Co' Eyt/ciaXog Xapdteg PEot i 6C5g le I olvog. (otvog has the digamma, Foivog, preventing the hilatu.) g O.' 5.'rot EY&)V et'AIZ it UV.:305. 3rot Ayhjv uC, nPt7rpo7' [ l2eov ilredu6raaav. (12Ztov has the digamma, Fimtov, preventing the hiatus.) 308. Zeb7 iv nov rdye olde Kat ae cvarot 4eoi """. kotSe has the digamrma, FOaE, preventing the hiatus.)'i3t1C i a, eal bg diqplopv 6pvjCa 429ro I la6ieog Qso. (U'Fpov,final syllable lengthened by the arsis. —laS60os eaU the digamma, F[tcaeog, preventing the hiatus.) 312'rri tj ol j'Av|IjvOp nrueLtaX2ua Pane,'o di O po, (I [ has the digamma, Fot, preventing- the hiatus.) 313.- i v EVp', boh" loOt Crpcr 1 I;tov tnOs toVTO. ('JI.tov has the diganzrma, FiX2ov, prez enting the hiat:s. ) g19 Sne d1 T[rgC eTreacev'Ax atMv' re Tp6wuv re. (rti len'thsned by the arsis.) AE''TRICIAL LNDEX. 451 Line 321;,nroT -tlof rdde i epya aer' ajoTpolpOti EIbKEV. (ipya has the digamma, Fepya, preventing the hi,:as.) 322. roV 65C a' ro~O/yevov iuvat d6yov ] didoc I eita. (di'dog, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 328. aGr-azp oy' a',lu',ovr ep'dioE70 7Ev1a CI au. (sca2o, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 329. dnof'A.Saviadpo5'EEviqvly iritCg ro c VK6/ibto. ('AR2iavJdp5, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 331. KtnZCC, u d'pyvpaotcitv in'rtavpiotgS apapviag. (tn22Cd, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 338. elAiro d' 2cLtetyo I EXO lyxo o ot zraaXczrOtv adpcpet. (o0 has the digamnma, Fet, prevsenting the hiatus.) 851 Zev aiv, dSg Tricanaut, O It..pOireplog Icaic' elopyev. (Bentley objects to this line as faully, because Copyenv is esr. titled, according to hini, to the digarmnia, Feopyev, and therefore KaKae can not lose its final syllable by elision, thus making the line too long. He proposes, therefore, to read KtK''pee. But, as Heyne remarks, in such words as lopya there are two forms, namely, U.opya, and FEfopya, the first of which is here employed, and therefore the elision in Kated is correct enough.-Observe that lva has the diganmma, Fava, so that no elision takes place in the preceding diph' thong.) 357i. da, lEyv I ha-xri8dog TOe aeatvC b056ppov EYXof. (did, initial syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 359. dvr]xJpepe d1 raplao Xanv-pajv dLzaitue Xtrdva. (avrtKPV, final syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 361.'Arpet[8gi i' pl omLuevog SFi:og'pyvp6iZOv. (ipvraduevog has the digarmma, Fepvautzipevog, so that no eC. sion takes place in di.) 369. i tat En7r-zt4ag ic6pvOos Md6eiv irdTroag7Ec. (ei-rtdfa, antepenult lengthened by the arsis. 3775 11 ol 1 nffEV iravia ol30 i0!' ICrayivoto. (o0 has the digamma, Fot, so that no elision takes place in 9.lip3 has the digamrna, FZit, and therefore 3oo0' has the ftina syllable long by position.) 381 kEia pc6', (dC oJE i~eKg | tetict r6' dp' t'p n,7-oAfl. (ieSc has the last syllable lengthened by the arszs.) 384 ripyf iEqI' V,[Rl;6' 7r*epl di5 Tpwlac 2tf [ 7av. (atrc has the diganIma, FAXtf, presenting any elision of thl preceding diphlhong. ) 45'.. METRICAL INDEX. Line 385. Xeto de'seEKI apflov Eavlob FbrivaSe?a6obaa. (azvov has the dig-amm, Feavod, preventing any elision Yn t)6 preceding diphthong.) 386:.prlj (Y 1 utv elKrlva wra,.atyevC srpoEdErre'V. (eilcva htis the digainma, Fetlmva, so that ctv is long by vn sition ) 387. eipoK61tiyo ol Aaice(6aiatovt vatEraue,. (ol has the digamma, For, preveniing the hiatus.) 388 1rkcetv elpta I KaSCU, juiiZILera #ieV e2teaKKCeV. ((Kicc has the initial syllable lengthened by the ar-ss.J 39)0 6eip' id''A2ESavhp6o E meaecarleZ oJti[6vSe veoaOat. (olit6vde has the digammza, Foich6vdE, preventing any eiieri of the diphthong in Ka2lec.) 292. Ka2jec re Tig261ov Kat I ELaaeLtv' oEi KtCe oa[l. (elOpaotv has the digamoma, Fel/antvo, preventing the elision qJ the diphthong icaL.) 398. i6CEya v rT' 6p' EirEvera irxjo' r' TeOar' K r' Thv6ia'euv. (b*roc has the digamma, Fi-roc, preventing the hiatus.) 404. vtLKcicaY OetXeT arvyejlpv plyt i oatead' dyeo0at. (oilcadSe has the digarmma, FoiKa(e, prVCsevting, the hiatus.1 408. e2XX' ae8i r eph KELVOV b`ive, I Kai I OyXlaoaae. (I has the digarmma, FE, preventing any elision in icai.) 419. ~ de icaraqnXojuivley avl6S tcpyi-r7t aoetv6. (iEav) has the digamma, Feavr, preventing any elision of.us previous vowel.) 422. 1qu0wrL6ZOO -tev etreesa /o1~Vc l' I pya rpcaroirro. (ipya has the digamma, Fipya, preventing the hiatus.) 449'ArpEiSi 6' c'v' ieptuov koi7ra, |I -&pi ElotKcFg. (Ekotctj has the dliannmma tluice, FeFotKcJ3g, the first of whlwk prevents the hiatus.) 450. ei iov iraOp/eEtEcv'AI:avldpov iOeojedea I (e9oetdia, -'a to be pronounced as one syllable, by synaeresis.) D52 mn EV yapp'2$6iTrri Y''KEOavov, I Ctrt lloolTO. (This line is faulty, since iLotro has the digamrna, F~Oetrv and cZret, therefore, has its final syllable, in stri lness. long by position. Bentley, therefore, cads ciKe Fi[eotvrc, but Heyne prefers Er71t 6p r7o.) i59 bedore, Kac rT;dv 6nloreeteuv, I tvrtv' ElOaKeV. (This line is faulty, since EOetKEv has the digammae twice, F&-.PFotcev, the first of which would, of cou.rse, prevetd any ei-. sion in yvTlva. We ough t, probab!y, to read Frn ra FIro,va e.) PRELIMINARY 1EMARKS TC TilE HIOMERIC GLOSSARY.' x FROM the original seat of the human species amid the mcunt. i ia of Asia, the primitive tribes, with a language radically cne and te same, migrated in all directions. They brought this language, under different shapes, to various quarters; to India, where it became the Sanscrit; to Persia, where it became the Zend; and to the shores of Colchis. The Colchian branch of the still increasing population separated, like the others, into many minor branches, which spread through Asia Minor, on to Germany, Tlhrace, and Greece, and were, from many parts, reunited in Italy. II. From the common origin of these tribes the affinity of their tongues is derived; an affinity more remote between Sanscrit, Zend, and the languages of the Colchian branch; more near among these tongues themselves, the Armenian, German, Greek, and Latin. III. The Greek tongue was spoken by those families which, having wandered through Thrace into Greece, united with others that passed over from Asia; formed with them the Greek nation, and spread, in colonies from the mother-country, over nearly all the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. IV. The Grecian people, although composed of very different elements, early acquired a remarkable unity. The national character and mental improvement which Asiatic settlers, and especially those comprised under the Pelasgian name, introduced into their country, took a deep root by the aid of religious observances, and were -widely and impartially diffulsed through means of Epic song. V. Of Pelasgian origin were the states of Argos, Athens, Boeotia, Ptocis, Eubea, Dodona, &c. Under the mythic Ion, according to the ordinary, though no doubt erroneous legend, the name of the Pelasgians, on the coast, passed into that of lonians; under Cecrops, according to another equally fabulous legend, the name of the inD)abitints of Attica into that of Athenians. VI. As these tribes had a common origin, so they had at first a 1 Thienschi. Gr. Gr., p. -vii., Sandford's transl. .454 PRELIMINARY REMARKS T'O THIE IIHOMER C (GLOSSAhR. common language, and out of this original tongue the anguage ol Epic poetry arose. We must be careful, however, not to imagine that the early bard, Homer, for example, expressed himself in a modE, of speech more or less removed from the ordinary language of the day, and abounding with peculiarities borrowed from different dialects. The dialects had not as yet assumed a separate existence: one common language was still spoken; and out of this common tongue the earliest Greek poets merely selected according to their wants: or, in other words, took what they wanted from the variety of actual forms which they found already existing. VII. When we talk, therefore, of Ionicisms, Doricisms,.Eolicisms, &c., in the poetry of Homer, we must be merely understood as referring to peculiar forms of expressions, which, after the days of Homer, were retained in particular dialects, and became, as it were, the badges of these; but which, in the days of Homer, when the dialects had not as yet branched fortl/, still formed parts of the common language of Greece. Of the dialects formed after the time of the bard, the Ionic, as will appear from an examination of the, glessarj -ost clc sely resembled the ancient Ep'c ~ ye HOM ERIC GLOSSARY TO THE FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE I1I AD BOOK I. MiVtv, accus. sing. of jt7vtc, tog,, "wrath.1" Commonly but incorrectly, derived firom /,vwo, "to remain," as if indicating lasting anger. Better from faivouat, " to rave,"' 2 perf.,uury va and denoting a furious outburst of passion. Compare the Sanscrit tnanyus, "wrath," i'vengeance,". from the root man.'AtL6e, 2 pers. sing. pres. imperative act. from aeidto, "to sing," poetic form for the common ad&o, which latter is, in fact, contracted fiom it.-Fut. aeaCo6; fut. mid. ('icaoyat. The forms from aiet~J almnost exclusively prevail in Homer; but we have cotialt in Hymn. vi., 2, and xxxii., 19. OmE, vocative sing. of ied, t,, "a goddess," feminine form ol:&e6o. Observe the different accentuation of 6Ea, "a view," or " sight." HIy2urytdeo.. Epic and Ionic genitive for I1Z7ptZcidov, from HIpX7tiyly, ov, 6, which last is itself an Epic form for HI2LReidS, ov, 6, "the son of Peleus," a patronymic noun from HIIXeSr, Epic and Ionic 0or, Attic itc, o, " Peleus." Observe that to here has only a half, or irrational length, as regards accentuation, and therefore the accent is three places back in IlHr2.r/iZdeu.'AXtLosg, gen. sing. of'AXt2LeSC, 6oC, 6," Achilles," Epic and Ionic for'AXt2LeS, EtC, 6. Observe that'AxZiesC6 is the primitive form of tie name, and'AXIZZUEVg, a later one. Achilles was the son of Peleus and Thetis; and was the' prince of the AMyrmidons, and the hero ol the Iliad. LINE 2. OV2.o/zEivyv, Epic for obholyivv, 2 aor. part. mid. of NA&22iw, "to destroy." In the'middle, 62,;zat, "to perish." Here, however, the aorist part. middle is used adjectivesy, with the active meaning of "destructive," or "pernicious." (Compare ALs;-h., Sl.pp. l77; Eurip., Phkn.. 1029, &c.).- Fut. 02io;~ pcrf. 2,etoa, and wii. 4it5i HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 2-3. reduplication 2?LterKa; 2 perf;~ow;;a, "I am undone;" ful mid. AAob/aL; 2 aor. mlid. Wb%6/ijrv. 7, noni. sing fern. of 6', i,- 6, " which." Mvpia, accus. plur. neut. of Fvpiog, a, ov, "countless,"' unnumnber.,d." According to the grammarians, tzvpioc, paroxyton, is the in. definite number; but /lzptoC, proparoxyton, is the definite one, camely, "ten thousand." This, however, is comparatively a late distinction.-As the original notion of this word is indefinite, and.ot numerical, it is no doubt akin to the Latin multus, one liquid aking the place of another; but still nearer to the Gaelic mohr'great."'AXato1Z, dat. plur. of'AXact6s, 1, Co, "an Achcan." (Consult note. -Properly an adjective,'Axat6S,, 6v, and hence'Axat6v'- an Achecan (man)."'AXyea, accus. plur. of daXyoc, eoe, ro, "suffering," pain, whether of body or mind. Homer uses the plural much oftener than the singular. Compare the Latin algor, " shivering," "shuddering," which appears to be the earlier form of the word.'EOiplev, 3 sing. I aor. ind. act. of ti07iyt, "to place," &c., fut 8atc: perf. reOUtKa: 1 aor. &WiKa. This aorist occurs, like the similarly formed E&oKa and iKa, almost exclusively in the sing. and thii'd pers. plur. On the other hand, Oy71v, the second aorist, is used in the dual and plural, rarely if ever occurring in the singular. IrsE 3. Iocda, accus. plur. fem. of wroD;u6g, /, 6v, Ionic and poetic for 7roav', 7ro;U~, TroXv. "Many." Ah. A conjunctive particle, equivalent to'v and;" generally used, however, to call attention to the fact that the word or clause to which it stands is to be distinguished from something preceding, and usually having an opposing or adversative force, i. e., "but," while," "on; the other hand," a meaning which can easily ibe traced even here.'IqOitzovc, accus plur. mase. of 7i0p6zos, ov, elsewhere of three terminations also. "l Valiant," "strong," " mighty." Homer uses this adjective as of three terminations, in speaking of persons; but he says pO7yot ipvyait, ze-bat.al.-Derived, in all probability, directiy from i0t, "bravely," " st-ongly," &c., so that -Ot/yo is a mere termination. t'v,'dC, ace. plur. of ivxi, d, ai, "the soul." Originally, "t'e Breath" (Lain anima), as the sign of life, spirit, &c.-From?pvxa~, 4 to breathe." Compare the Sanscrit pavdkd, "breath."'Ai-d, (lat. sing. of "Aif, obsolete n(ominative of'A1to0 and v'Aie 1NOMERIC GLOSSARY. 451 Line 3-5. " ades," tne god of the lower world. The Epic writers use'A'icos and'Aidt as a genitive and dative for'Aitd7y (the nominative Y'A.; being, as just remarked, obsolete). The Attics, for'Aiso said d6ov. -Common derivation from a, pr-a., and hdeiv, " to see," as indicating the god of the dark regions below, or the darkness of the lowel world itself. But it is probably of Oriental origin. IIpoetabev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ropoia'd7r&, fut. -4pc(, L"teo {hnrl onward," "to hurl." (Consult note.) From'rp6 and tuirTra, "to hurl," or " send."-According to some, i7TrrTo is from iiarr: but, like ica22u, 4n'rr7 is probably a causative, formed from a neuter verb of motion. LINE 4.'HpGcv, gen. plur. of pos,'poocg,, ", a hero."-It would appear that jpaso was originally applied to any freeman ot the ante-Hellenic age, respectable by birth, or for skill in any pursuit, especially in war: this age was called the Heroic.-Compare the German Herr (" Sir") in its earliest usage, e. g., in the Nibelungenlied.'Hpa, too, and the Latin herus, hera, seem to belong to the same root.'Ebptca, accus. plur. of iuiptcov, ov, r6. "A prey." Observe that Adptza, though tranislated in the notes by the singular, is in reality of plural force, as referring to each dead body in succession.-Frorm 1YELp, i;u~poS, ro, same signification, and this probably from 12eiv,' to seize." TefzXe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of rEVXu, wanting the augment, as is often the case in the Epic writers. The full form would be TECVXe.-TeCVXO, "to make," "to prepare;" filt. re75ft: perf. 7TECvXa: 1 aor. erevfa. K'iveagtv, Epic for KVoiV, dat. plur. of Kovc, KcvvS6, O,;/, " a dog." -Co:npare the Sanscrit, cvan, in oblique cases cun (cr=v,-6, cvv-i, &c.), the Latin can-is, the German hund (i. e., chun-d). In Zend, cvan became cpa, with which compare the term arrdKa mentioned by Herodotus (i., 110), and the Russian sabak. ylIN.E 5. Oiovovat, Epic for oitvoir, dat. plur. of olvo6C, o0, 6, " a bird." Strictly a solitary or lone-flying bird, from olot, " alone," and hence especially a bird of prey, a vulture, an eagle. Observe that.ov6c is a mere termination, like vlwvht from v16r, KotvWovO from eotvd6. iia-at, dat. plur. masc. of irad, riraa, 7rav. At6r, genitive assigned to ZeSc, "Jupiter," gen. Al6o: dat. Adt. accus. Aia. These forms, however, come, in reality, from an obso..ete nominative Aic, originally At4'c, gen. At.F6f, &e. (Kiihne', 287.) Q 458 fn.MERIC GLOSSAR~ Lzne 5-7.'ETreEiet ), 3 sing imperf. indic. mid. of reAEiL a stlcngthened Epic variety of Treow, "to acconiplish." —rekio, fut. eat: perf. rerTAEca. The Epic future is re2t.o (Il., viii., 415), and sometimes with a: to suit the metre, re?,aaoc (II., xxiii., 559); 1 aor. Ere2eaaa (El., i., 108). The Epic future mid. re'oioCat. has the force of the passive (Il., ii., 36), occurring in the infinitive Trea&aOat. BovLao, lf, ~?, "the will." LitNE 6. A A particle, supposed by some to be a shortened form ot id6y, but by others a lengthened form of de. It can never stand at the beginning of a sentence (except in Epic, 6? rore, turn vero, 6d y6p, jam enirn), but generally immediately after the word to which it belongs. It is used to express the exactness, reality, certainty, of the notion of the word or sentence to which it belongs. In many of its significations, it answers to our word just, or sooth, in sooth, forsooth. It is applied in its sense of exactness to words or clauses indicative of time, and signifies " now," "just now," &c. (Consult note.) So, also, it has the force of" then," " even then,," &c. Ta rrpCJra. Adverbial accusative, "First." Frequently occurring in Homer, and the same in effect as rorpCra. Some editions read here razrpSTra as one word; and Wolf, being of opinion that rawrpita means imprimis, but Tr rpijra, res primas, recalls, the former in many parts of the Homeric text. ( Prcef., Nov. Edit., p. lxii.) But ne is successfully opposed by Spitzner. Ataar lrgv. 3 dual, 2 aor. indic. act. of dtiarTlrt, " to set apart," "to divide," from dac and'Zarv-ut. In the second aorist, ECiaryv, "1 stood apart." Said of two persons at variance, or quarreling.'Epiaavre. Nom. dual. 1 aor. part. act. of ipifc&, " to quarrel," " to contend," fut. Epato): perf.'ptKa, which last occurs in avvemrnpuKa (Anthol. Philipp., 9, 709, 5); 1 aor.'p-ioa. - Derived firom piLc, "strife," &c. IINE 7.'Arpeid6r, "Atrides," or "son of Atreus." A patronymic ap plied to both Agamemnon and Menelaus, who are also both called collectively'Arpe3at,i Atrides, though in reality they were sore of Plisthenes, and were merely brought up by their grandfather, or, rather, their stepfather Atreus. From'Arpev9, gen. Eoc, comes ATrpEcdS, as from HIIHevf, ior, HII2eiySf.'Ava, gen. 5ivacro, 6,, "the king." From a stem aivatr, with which we may compare the Oriental anak, "great," "powerful."'AvdpCv, gen. plur. of avvp, gen. avipo~, davdp6. From a stem vep, with which we may compare the Sanscrit nr (nri), and the Persian,er, "a man." HOMERIC GLOSSARY 459 Ltne 7-8. Ator, di, v, o, godlike," "noble," " excellent,' " divinri." Con. tracted from the less common 6di'o, which comes fi om At6o, the genitive of Zev-0 (or old nomr. Aiy). Originally written sdtFdr, with the digamma, the old form of the nom. Aif having been AiVS. —Compare the Sanscrit diwo, " air," "Heaven." Tic. Interrogative pronoun: riC, riC, Ti, "who," I'"wSich," LINE 8. " what." 2Eolic Kici. Compare the Latin quis (i. e., kwis, or o.Fif), the Sanscrit kas, the Gothic hva, &c.'Ap. Epic for ipa, "then." The particle iipr (in Epic Sd, which is enclitic, and before a consonant cp, as in the present case) is akin to pow, "' to join," or "fit," and so implies close connection, with a force more or less illative. In Epic usage, it denotes, 1. Simply immediate transition from one thing to another, "then," "straight way," &c. 2. In enumerating many particulars, "< then," " next in Jrder." And also thereupon, &c. ";_oe, " them both," accus. dual masc. of the pronoun of the third person; nom. -; gen. oh, &c. Observe that caseo is purely Epic, and used by Homer ofily in the accusative. It does not appear in Attic. (Kiihner, ~ 331, 4.) The contraction of acow into a06 is very doubtful, though Antimachus is said to have so used it. (Apollon., de Pronom., p. 373.) In nl., 17, 531, Wolf has restored, however, qco' A'avre. O.E3v, gen. plur. of Oe6c, ob, o, " a god."-Like forms occur in most of the kindred languages: thus, Sanscrit deva; Latin deus, divus; and it is no doubt originally the same as Zed~, ldev', &c. The Laconian at6l for 9eoof is intermediate between oe6: and ZEt,'.'Ept6t, dat. sing. of hpt:', gen. iptdog, a, "strife." Perhaps akin t,;he Sanscrit rush, with which compare the Latin iras-ci. vvvdElce, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of Svv[iltu, "to send or bring to-.ether," " to match," &c., and Epic for avvcKa; fut. 5vvawo; perf. kvveiea. From:v, old form for acv, and lzt, " to send." —Observe that:6v is the harsher pronunciation for the primitive icvv (compare the Latin cum), and prevailed in the. old Attic for the later and more usual adv. The form ~~v very seldom occurs in Homer, and only metri gratia. He uses it, however, more frequently in compounds, even l here it is not needed by the metre. Hesiod only has it in tiiv, Eeu~rare, UPrtiEat. In IIerQdotus all the instances of X.v are dubious. Md(xeoat, pres. infin. of the middle deponent [uXopuae, " to fight,", to contend together." Ionic 1taxEolza; fut. qaxiao/pat; Attic fut.'iaXfoiVat, but not in Homer; for?aeilrat, II., xx., 26, is:'atoici,he ionic present 1 aor. iUarnecaunv. a60 IIH)MERIC GLO SSARY. Line 9-10. AyTroft, gen. of A1rrjT, ATr6og contracted ArlTrol, i, "Latona," LiNE 9. or " Leto," mother of Apollo and Diana, and dluighter of Coeus and Phoabe. (Hes., Theog., 406.)-Latona typifies primitive sight, whence sprang the Sun and Moon (Apollo and Diana). Hence.ts root may be referred to the same source with that of the Latin (at-co, "to lie hid," primitive night having all things hidden in its hosom. Compare the Sanscrit lud, "to hide." Ttos., oi, o, "a son." The Sanscrit root is sue (to beget), the sante as the Greek Evdo. Compare ilius, from the oldfuo. rPp. A conjunction. From Homer downward the most usual causal, or syllogistic particle, and signifying "for." It may also be rendered " since" (when standing, as it often does, for eirei). In a question, it has, like nam, the force of " what," "why." It is often explanatory merely, and stands for nempe, " namely." Baotci, Epic and Ionic for aaat2eiZ, dat. sing. of [3aaciedg, Epic and Ionic 4o, Attic &ct, 6, "a king."-Compare the Sanscrit bhadilas, "a hero." Xo2Lc0Oeit, 1 aor. part. pass. of Xo2ao, "lo make angry," "to zncense; fut..Jao; mid. and passive, Xootoat, contracted xoX2o/aic; fut. XoM;2 aoltal. In passive, "to become incensed." Literally, Xo2L6u means " to stir one's bile," and hence is derived from X6?'oo, " bile," " gall.' Noiaor, Ionic and Epic for v6oov, accus. sing. of vo'og, ov 10, "a pestilence," "a malady." Perhaps akin to the San scrit root nac, "to perish;" Latin, nec-o, noc-eo. Avad, in Homeric Greek an adverb; afterward a preposition, gov crning the dat., and accus.; but the dative only in Epic and Doric poetry. Radical signification, "up," "upon," opposed to KaTr.With the accus., the common usage, it implies motion upwavd, from the bottom to the top, i. e., " throughout." —Grimm compares acv with the Gothic ana, " upon," "on," to which add the Latin in, originally, in all likelihood, ini. (Grimm, Deutsche Gramm., vol. Ii;., p. 252. —Fott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. ii., p. 151.) lrpar6v, aecus. sing. of arparo6, o0, 6, " an army," " a host."'2pae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of opvvULt, "to excite," " to arouse;" fut. opao. Frequently in Homer the Ionic bpaaaKe is used for dpar Middle, dpv/eat', "to raise one's self up," "to rise up."'OZ;tovro, 3 plur. imperf. mid. of bo'Acw, a verb formed by the poetic language from the perfect of oi;u/t, namely, (")XeCa. In the activer, ",o destroy;" in the middle, "to perish." Homer has only th.e p.e'sent and imperfect of this verb, the latter withort the aug. mont namely,;Xeicov and Ob2i.ovro. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 46i Line 10-13..aon, nom. plur. of' Laod, o o, 6, "the people." In Homer (especial..v the Iliad) and Hesiod ha6o or X2aoi usually means the " soldiery," " troops, both of the who.e army, and of smaller divisions, mostlI including both foot and horse, as in II., ii., 809; but sometimes oa6.t denotes the foot as opposed to the horse. (11., vii., 342.; OLI veica. "Because," an adverb. Properly fori *e veKa, laqNE 11. "on account of which," "wherefore." Usually, ho sever, reflexive, the antecedent roVvelca being oinitted, " therefore,"' since'" hence, in general, "for that," " because." Xpraylv, accus. sing. of Xpdva/c, ov, o, " Chryses," priest of Apollo at Chrys6 in Troas, and father of Astyn6me, or, as she is common ly called, Chrysois.'Hrizj17BEa, 3 sing..1 aor. indict. act. of artudo, rS, fut. iaw, "to treat with indignity," " to insult." From a, priv., and. rTt/6a,, o, to honor."'Apr7pa, accus. sing. of aprT7p, gen. ipof,, " a priest." S'rictly, " one that prays," the priest conveying the prayers of the people to the gods. From apadojuac, " to pray." I INE 12. tH2'0e, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of ipxoleat, "to come," i' t go;" fut. t2eVeaoltas; 2 perf., with reduplication, E7XJ2aza. The aorist a;I0ov is syncopated from ~YvXov, which is common'n Epic, rare in Tragic poetry. The form 725vwa of the 2 perf. is no,Attic. eoais, accus. plur. fem. of 0o6c,,j, 6v, "swift." Probably froin Eo, " to run."'Ewri, in Homeric Greek an adverb, afterward a preposition governing the gen., dat., and accus. Radical signification, "upon." Witlh the accusative in the present passage it denotes motion toward, " unto."-Comnpare the Sanscrit api. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch, vol. i., p. 109.) Nvaf, Epic and Ionic accus. plur. for vauo, from vjnf3, gen. vroCS; Attic vavf,'gen. vet6g, Iy, "a ship." Compare the Sanscrit naius, and Latin na -is.. The original form of the nominative was va.tf. INE 13. Ava6zewvor, fut. part. mid. of?vdo, "to free for another;" mid.;Voalt,," to free for one's self," " to redeem," or " ran sam;" fut. 2v[aotyat; perf. pass. ei2jtuat; 1 aor. pass. EiOvgv. OvyaTpa, accus. sing. of Ovy6ar7p, " a daughter;" gen. Ovydarpof contracted &vyarp6o; dat. Ovydript, iJvyarpt; accus. vYaiir7pa, but Epic &5yarpa; voc. &9yi7rep. Homer employs both forms: tile tri. syllabic, however, is only used in prose.-Of the same roat withl tht Sanscrit duhitri; the Gothic dauthar; the Germ-an t'ae7i li e owa "daughter' W62 HO1MRRIC GLOSSARY. Line 13-15. W}pov, pres. part. of sEpu, "to bear," fut. oiaw; lerf. &vI'oAa.. The radical signification, " to bear," is, in fact, the same word with the Greek podp (ph-ero, bh-ero, hero); the Latin fero; the Sanscrit Bhri; Persian Ber, &c. Compare the German bahren, fahren.'An-epeioaa, accus. plur. neut. of d6repetiaeo, ov, 6, TO, rd, poetic form for (repEatbofo, 1" boundless," "invaluable."'AwrEtpaetof is a lengthened form of daretpor, which last comes from a, priv., and rrelpag, poetic for zrCpar, " an end," or " limit."'Arotva, uV, ra, accus. plur. neut. "A ransom." It is used only in the plulal; and, according to Passow, comes from a copulative and rroLviO, and means, "' things all one with a 7roLtv, or penalty," i. e., "taken for, or instead thereof." Pott, however, deduces it from 7rU6, "penalty in full," like the German Ab-busse. ritILa, 7rof, T6, " a fillet," from aorao, " to encircle," "to encompass," &c. (Consult note.)'EXoV, pres. part. of EXo,. "to have," " to hold;" fut. iU, and iD Homer more frequently xraxo; perf. EaXrlca. Xepaiv, dat. plur. of XEIp, gen. XEzp6r,, "a hand." Poetic forms are Xespeak and Xeipeeae. —Xeip is the old Latin form hir, equivalent to vola, " the palm," or hollow of the hand, and occurring in Lucilius tap. Cic., de Fin., ii., 8). The root is probably to be found in the Sanscrit hri, " lto tace," or " seize," akin to alp/u, aypEo, apwra', the English grip, &c.'Et?66;tov, gen. sing. masc. of Kni66;2oS, ov, o,', "far-darting,"'far-shooting;" an epithet of Apollo, from EKES, " afar," and P/3dat, "to dart."'AWr6;oLuvro, gen. of'Awr6a2.uv, uvof, o, "Apollo," son of Jove and Latona (consult Arro/7o, line 9), and brother of Diana. He was born, according to II., iv., 101, in Lycia (Av.sau, i. e., the country of.ight. Compare the old root;,et-i, light, and also luc-eo, lux (luc-s), the German licht, and our light). As the god of archery, he is called EscRy66;to, dpyvp6ruo0f, &c.-Probably the name is of Oriental origin. The Cretan form for Helios, or " the Sun" ("HMtor), was Abelius ('A6gito'). i. e., A62tlog, with the digamma inserted ('A.FEi2oC), with which we may compare the Doric'A7/rlauv, for'A?6.Atov, and the form Apr,llinem for Apollinem, as cited by Festus. We have here the Oriental root Bel or Hel, an appellation for the Sun in the Semitic lanrguagljs. L'pnt..?XrvoEr, dat. sing. neut. of xpVroeo, 71, ov, contracted by the -A.ti;et into x2pvaovf, O, oiv. Epic form;pVacElot, 1I, ov "' l4.de,," hli'mer and Ilesiod use both.Tpvaeot and Xpiarsof, but 1HO:IERIC GLOS,SA RY. 463 Line 15-]8. seve;tpvoovo though the fern. Xpvoiov is still found in the editions of the latter poet.-From Xpvodc, " gold."'Ava'. Consult note, and also line 10. KiyOrrpq, dat. sing. of atcKortpov, ov, r6, "a sceptre." (Consult note.) D)oric form aiiarrov. Both from aw'rrrw, " to lean upon," &c.'Eliaaero, 3 sing. imperf. ind. of middle deponent 2iarouat, " to entreat, " to beseech;" fut. R;oiuao..Another form of the verb is i~ropatL: I aor. Z;daau~lv.-Compare the Saruscrit root lut, "to speak out," and the Latin laud-o (primitive meaning " to call loudly on one by name." Aul. Gell., 2. 63), together with the German laut, and our loud. AroDE.ia, accus. dual of'AWrpedn. (Consult verse 7.) aINE 16. Observe that the dual a is always long. Tbe dual is not always used where two persons or things are spoken of, but only where such two persons or things are either really a pair, or, in an. zmo loquentis, are considered as such. Hience the numeral 6uow is sometimes brought in to add precision to the meaning, when the'dea of parity stands in need of additional development. The two Atridm are here supplicated at one and the same time, being both present. MdaLawra, " most of all.'" Superlative of the adverb fLaj'a, "very,' " very much," " exceedingly," &c. KooutIrpope, accus. dual of KcoOeerop, opoc, 6, "a leader;" literally, one who marshals or arranges. From: KoRANi) "to order," "to arrange." Aaudv. Consult line 10.'EiVKVtiVlC, voc. plur. of etvKV?, ttZ, bo,,,, "well-greaved." LINE 17. (Consult note.) From ev, " well," and Kve/tlit, " a greave," so called because covering and protecting the Kv5,.71 or leg in ~front: from the knee to the ankle. L Aoiev, 3 plur. 2 aor. optative act., 3ontracted for toinaav iJINB 18. from daltoCle, "to grant," "to give;" fut. dSaco: pref.. diEToKU. -The verb d6~i,pe appears to be reduplicated from the root Ao-. which appears in the derivative forms, as also in the Latin do, with whien compare dedo and dido..'OCbwrtLa, accus. plur.. neut. of'O5/VJ7rrot, ov, 0,, TO, " Olympian," of or belonging to Olympus; said of the gods as dwelling thereon and of their mansions as standing there. From'O2vtuoc, " Olym. pus," a mountain in Thessaly, on the northern frontier, near tha sea, and the fabled abode of the gods.-Consult line 44. Adya-ma, accus. plur. of 6-,ua, aror, TO6, " a mansion,' "'an abode' u'r;m rEUSO, "to build It4 HIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Lzne 19-20.'EKErepaat, 1 aor. inf. act. of bKrp86o,,' to sack," " to destiuw ulterly;" fut. KEcr'Epao. From Ec, "utter y,".'thoroughly," and riepO(, " to destroy." IIp.U oto, Epic for Ilpelbaov, gen. sing. of ipiapeyo, " Priam," son oi Laomedon, and the last king of Troy. When Hercules took the city during the reign of Laomedon, Priam was in the number of the prisoners, but his sister Hesione' redeemed him from captivity, and he exchanged, in consequence, his original name of Podarces for that of Prianl, which signifies " bought," or " ransomed," from 7rplaflat, "to buy." Ii62av, accus. sing. of r:62Z o to, ~i, "a city." The Epic and Ionic genritive is 6roXtoc, and the t of'the stem is retained through all the cases. The Attic gen. is 7r6oRewj, but in Attic poetry wro6Seo is also used. Another Epic form is 7r6?71oo, &c -Compare the Sanscrit palli, " a stronghold," "' a fortress." EM. An adverb, "well," "in safety," &c. Strictly speaking, the neuter of tvr, an old Epic adjective, meaning "good," "brave," " noble."' OiKade, "homeward," "Ato one's home." WVM.en a long penult is required, olto6vde is employed. (Consult Excul-tlus v., page 427.)'IKci0al, 2 aor. infin. mid. of bvioeatl, 1" to come," " to arrive at," "to go;" fut. tolyat: 2 aor. ibc6puv. The verb 1ncvEoflta is merely a lengthened form from ZKe, which last is the common form in Homer, who only use.s the present bcv&oeae twice (Od., ix 128; and xxiv., 339). But he often has the fut. and 2 aor. INEs 20. 2Ilata, accus. sing. of 7rao.,,ratzo', o, C}, "a child," a son or daughter. The XEolo-Doric dialect said 7roip for ra~;, whence the Latin puer.' Compare the Sanscritputra.'Epeoi. Emphatic form of the dative, for jtoi, from iy6,' I." iacrat, 1 aor. infin. act. of 32Ld, "to release," "to free;" fut. 2aaw perf. 2%lZfica; 1 aor. e2hvaa. 4?[vv, accus. sing. fem. of i~loC, y, ov. This adjective has usually a passive signification, "loved," "' beloved,' "dear." It soon, howc ver, came to be used as a substantive, like the Latin amicus, " a friend."-The poets, especially Homer, use oi?.oc as a paraphrase oi the possessive pronoun, my, thy, his, with those things that may safely be assumed to be dear to a person; and at last it became a regular epithet of many wo:ds even when no affecticn can be implied in it.'Arolva. Consult line 13. AeiVeaQat, pres. infin. mid. of 6dxouaz, "to receive;" fut deoual. HOMERIC GL )SSARY. 4 Line 20-24. pert pass. &ae-eazc. The Ionic form of dixocat is UeKOPclL; thlt not so in Homer.-B 3uttmann traces both dJ otaa and 6eiKVvLt to the Fame root cEc, with the common notion of stretching out the right-hand (Ceezi), either to point, as in deiKcvvluL; or to welcome, as in 6eXoluat. LINE 21 I7'A!i0ano, pres. part. mid. of Cioyaca, "to reverence,' as a de. ponent verb. The form Hea usually, and in Homer al ways, appears as a defective. Asor-. Consult line 5. EcsGj62ov. Consult line 14.'Ar'2,2vn. Consult line 14 J'Ev6a. " Therezupon." An adverb of both time and place. From the preposition ev.'Errevoju7aav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of iwEv7rjEvji, " to shout assent," or " applause." From en and eb-vppcu', "to applaud." AideaiOat, pres. infir. mid. of the deponent aidioeat, " to LINE 23. rcreence," "to rcspect;" fut. aiEd'eaoua (poetic -aaopcat and also -aooCoaL): perf. pass.'drcyc: 1 aor. pass. WafElav: 1 aor. mid. je8acrfcpv. This last is little used except by the poets. An old Epic present is cadopat, which occurs often in Homer, and once or twice in the tragic writers.'Iepfia, accus. sing. Epic and Ionic for repia, from iepedg, eos, Epic dnd Ionic hor, o, "a priest." From repot,'i sacred."'Ay2Laa, accus. plur. ieut. of caydX6i0s, i, 6v (and also or, ov, in Theognis, and Eurip., Anidr., 135). " Splendid," "brilliant,"' " beautiful,' - &c. It is an old Epic and Lyric word, being, only found twice or thrice in Attic poets, and is akin to atyoX, " lustre," " glitter," &c. AitOat, Epic syncopated aorist of.the infinitive, from feoiart, " to receive." Thua~, iW yncv, eifro, eYKM o: infin. d'xOat: imperat. &ieo These syncopated passive aorists are formed from the simple present of the verb; and, when that present is the one in common use, they are distinguished from the imperfect and the moods of the present merely by the syncope. Hence they are exactly like the perfect and pluperfect pass. of those verbs, but without the reduplication; and may therefore be compared, but must not be confounded with therm. In meaning, whether active, passive, or middle, they follo% their present in luie; and they belong only to the oldest periods of the language. Iir(1tnmann's Irreg. Verbs, p. 55i not., ed Fishlake.) Ayaouivovt, dat. sing. of'Aya ugvwv6, ovot, o, " Agamenzon," son of Plisthenes and brother of Menelaus. He was king of Mycena and commander of' the Grolap orces z Brow Consult article ArpE(6t-, line 7. Wtj;6 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 24-26.'Hi dave, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of div6avo, " to please;" fut. ddeuw: 2 perf. aua: 2 aor. ieddov, for which last Homer has sometimes the more poetic form edd6ov, from the digammated.Fa6dos. The Ionic l.vdavov, moreover, is the strict Homeric form of the imperfect itself, having been written, before the disappearance of the digamma, iFc6vdavov. dOv/u, dat. sing. of 1vu6gO, ov, 6, "the soul." Observe the difference n quantity between this 9b/uoy', and uo, o 06, or, "thyme." And yet.hey both would seem to come from the same source, namely, 9iW, a verb indicative of violent motion in general, which is itself akin to the Sanscrit root dhu, "to agitate." Thus, 9v/uoS, "the soul," refers to the seat of strong feeling and passion; while in &/zo', " thyme," we see lurking the idea of vapor rapidly ascending, thyme having been commonly used by the ancients in fumigations, and often as fuel in sacrifices, the brushwood of the plant having been employed for this latter purpose. Compare the Latin fumus. (Donaldson's New Cratylus, p. 582.-Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 211.)'AoiEe, 3 sing. Epic imperf. indic. act., from 4tEC)O, Epic and LINE 25. Ionic form for 6gingz. It wants the augment, this being often omitted in the Epic and Ionic dialects; the full form with the augment would be q7iet.-Observe that in the Epic, Ionic, and Doric dialects, the forms from verbs in oS and 0o are often employed in the 2 and 3 pers. sing. of the present and imperfect, instead of those from verbs in pa. (Kiihner, ~ 202, 2.) Kparepov, accus. sing. neut. of KparepoC, 6, ov, "strong," "powe. ful," and hence " harsh," "hard-hearted," "rough." From KpdToc,, " strength," through KpaTir, " to be strong," &c.-Observe that Kpdro~, poetic ctapr-os, appears akin to the German " hart," and English " hard." MfiOov, accus. sing. of uif0oc, o, 6, " a word," "a mandate," &c.If fo0oc wasi n _Aolic z60oc, as we find it asserted, we may trace an analogy between this word and the English "mouth." But consult Buttmann, ad Schol. in Od., xxi., 71, p. 532.'Ere2-env, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of r?2uRw, " to make to arise,"' to call into existence," " to make." Hence Er-i?UV0ov tret5ev, " He made (or uttered) an LAjunction besides," i. e., "he added thereunto an injunction;" fut. -re2(3; 1 aor. E-re2.a. —Akin to the Sanscrit till, "to move," " to arise."' (Eichhoff, Vergleich., p. 209.) M7. Adverb,'' not." Used in cases where the negative LINE 26. depends on some previous condition either expressed oj knplied, whilet o6 denies alsolutely and independently.-It is vert HOMERIC GLOSSAR e'. 46f Line 26-28 frequently employed in clauses containing a command, entrealy,! warning, or expressing a wish or fear; in which cases, like the Latin ne, it stands first in a sentence. —M' also. appears as a conjunction, "that... not," "lest." (Latin ne.)-It is also used as an interroative: 1. In direct questions, with all cases of the indicative; but, like the Latin num, mostly where a negative answer is expected; as, ~ ul trov b6a0de; "surely ye did not say?" Whereas with ov the answer expected is affirmative. 2. In indirect questions, or when another's question is repeated, /7t is used in a sense that may be rendered by wActher.-The Latin ne appears to be only a dialectic va Iety uf /?i. ripov, voc. sing. of. ylpwov, ovroc, o, "'an old man."-According to Donaldson, yepwv is akin to yipar, " the privilege or peculiar gift of a person in authority," i. e., the first share of the booty, and so forth Hence yepsov (i. e., yEpoV7r-), a person holding such privilege and authority; an elder or' ruler. The same writer thinks that y'pwv has to affinity whatever with yihpae, " old age." (New Cratylus, p. 376.) Koilyratv, Epic and Ionic dat. plur. fem. for KoLaec, from KcoZ2uo,. v, ov, i hollow."-Compare the Old High German hol;- the latei'ohl; our hollow; the Latin coel-um, &c. Navai, Epic and Ionic dat. plur. of vflO, vy6S,, "a ship." Con. ult line 12. Kexeio, pres. subjunctive, Epic form for taXEWa, W, from tXXE'o, a supposed form; of the present, and taking the place, in the forms de rived from it, of the more common tctXavw: fut. Ictxaao. (Buttmann, /rreg. Verbs, p. 147, ed. Fishlake.) 7/lAyOvovra, accus. sing. of pres. part. act. of eiyvw, " to LINE 27. delay," "tlo tarry;" fut.-4vS. From de6d, "long," "for a long time."'Tarepov, hereafter," " afterward;" accus. sing. neut. of viirepo~. a, oa, "the latter," "later," "following," taken adverbially. Aurts, "g ain," as of time; "back," " back again," as of place Ionic and Epic form for aehtf.-A lengthened form of av, with which it agrees in most significations.'I6vra, accus. sing. pres. part. of Etu, " to go," "to come." Epie. fut. eiaotact (in the signification " to hasten"); 2 perf.'1ia. LINE 28. MOi. Consult line 26. NO. Epic and shortened form of the enclitic vhv, and equivalent to olV,' therefore," " thereupon," " in that event." (Consult note.) I ol. An enclitic particle, strictly an: old dative, for rt, " there. *oee,'' iccordingly;" often ilso, serving to strengthen an asset Q4(Th HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 28-30. tion, "in truth, zr, reality," "verily." —It very often serves - strengthen other particles, which it usually follows; as, ydp rot, yt rol, 7rTO, icairot, &c.; but sometimes Tot is put first; as, roty6p,:oiUvv, &c. Xpago/Ly, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. act., and assigned to Xpaia/eio, a verb not used in the present, but only in certain merely Epic forms; fat.;patauc aew; 1 aor. eypainalca; 2 aor. 7xpal/ov. —Strictly speaking, s" to ward off" something destructive from one, like Jdpclci, with the accus. of the thing and the dat. of the person; but more frequently, with the dativs of the person only, "to defend" any one; "to help," " to prove of avail," &c. In the present passage, however, it is better to suppose the dative understood, thanto make rot.stand for aoi, as some do. OEOio, Epic and Ionic (or, according to the grammarians, Thessa lian) form of eoo,' gen. sing. of 9e6r. (Kiihner, ~ 270, 2.) LINE 29. Avaiw, fut. act. of 2avo, " to release," "to frec."-Observe that the active here refers to a freeing for another, namely, the maiden's father; and consult line 13. Hlpiv. Adverb of time. " Sooner," " before," &c. The Doric form is,rpcav, akin to the Sanscrit pra, "before." Mi. Ionic accus. sing. of the pronoun of the third person, through all genders; and so for aro6v, arTYv, avro. More rarely for avrovf, avr76, avTrd. In the present passage it stands for aCvr?jv. The Doric and Attic form is viv, but it is never used in Attic prose. Homer;oins Hav aVr6v, "him himself," merely as a stronger form (II., xxi., 245); buct aVtO6v ulv is reflexive, " one's self," for EavTrv. The forms /pu and viv belong manifestly to the same stem with tv, another form of tlth accusative (compare Hesychius, tv: aCrr6, a'v7Tv, Kdrptol), wiJti wrhich we may compare the old Latin im and em for eum, whic,- cocnr in Festus (Excerpt. Paul. Diac., ed. Lindemann, p. 86 and 58), and ls.!o the English him. ripaC, ),paoS, r6, "old age." Uncontracted form of the genitive, yriparTo (Attic gen. ycpcor), dat. )ppai (Attic yr7pa). Akin to the Sanscrit root jd (jari), "to wear acvay." (Donaldson's New Cratylus, p. 376.)'EwretaLv, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of'rE1utpt, m" to come upon," with a future signification, which el/u, " to go," and its compounds,?om monly have in Attic, ind occasionally in Epic and Doric. LiNE 30.'Evi, in Homeric Greek an adverb, afterward a preposr tion; Epic form for Ev.'Aoyei, dat. sing. of'ApyoC, eoc, r6. (Consult note.', HOMERIC GLOSSARY-. lt'. Line 30-33. TliAoet. "F' ar," " at a distance." Adverb of pace, from TrxoM'afar." Consult Excursus v, p. 427. flarperC, gen. sing. of arrpr;, s, 4, "a native land," Epic and Ionic for lrdrpa, ag, v. Literally, " one's father-land," from 7rarjp, "a father."'Iaro6v, accus. sing. of i~r6', o0, O, "the loom." Properly, LINE 31. the bar or beam of the loom, which stood upright, instead of lying horizontally, as in modern looms. Hence it comes from erqp~Ul, "to place," "to set up." The vertical loom is still used in India, as also at the Gobelins manufactory.'EirotXoiiivgv, accus. sing. fem. pres. part. of the middle deponeni roixo/iat; fut. 7aopiat, "to g~o toward," "to approach," and, with iSTOV, "to ply." (Consult note.)-From erri, "unto," and oixoucat " lo go." AgXoc, accus. sing. neut. of XXog, co:, r6, " a couch." From;Eyeo, to lull to sleep," "to plut to bed."'AvrT6waav, accus. sing. fem. pres. part. of avrta'o, and lengthen. cd, according to the Epic custom, from avretCaav. Thus, civrT6ov, ivrtoaa, for'vretv, aevrtaa. The literal meaning of the verb is "to meet with," &c.; and thence we have among the secondary meanings, " to busy one's self with," " to arrange," " to prepare," &c. (consult note); fut. rvrtiiao; 1 aor. 4vridua. Observe the short penult of the future and aorist, so that these tenses belong equally to ivr7l6o and 7vreta'c. LINE 32. "IOt, 2 pers. sing. pres. imperative of ad/t, "to go."'EpieOl, 2 pers. sing. pres. imperative of ipei'o, "to provoke;" fut. tao, Attic at; perf. 7lpiOtKa. Frequentative form from Ep0wo. la6orepog, comparative of ador, " safe." The positive in fact, is found only in the contracted form oa-r, Rav, 6, 4, r6. The form aorf is a lengthened one, and post-Homeric. Ke. Consult note. Ni.nat, 2 pers. sing. pres. subj. of the middle poetic deponent vto. gat, namely, vtoualt, vtrat, vET7raL; hence vi7EaiL is for vIp, the later form; whereas the earliest form was vlycat, which, on dropping the a, became viEat.'g'c, equivalent to obr7ro, "thus," as indicated by the ae 3 ent. Edaro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of O1bui, "to say;" namelb 4 0d/riv, bpabro, Foa-ro: fut. O)ao ~: 1 aor. e07/aa.-Observe that, from the radical word acla, come not only Oaior, 4ceatf, and Oaiveo,' to show," but also the whole family of 077ti, u0i/r5, dirter, Lat. fama fari RU 470 HOM'4RIC CLOSSAR'. Line 33-35. &c., for the first otion.n all is to make kn. wa of eLide et e. g., bi words.'E6, loev, 3 siitg. 1 aor indic. act. of 6deid, "to fear." The ol'Jiary form. of the aorist is Edetea, but with the Epic writers, the aorist, when augmented (a. in the present case) or compounded, is usually written with 66. Thus, qrepiddzeta (II., xi., 508), &c.'Erreiero, 3. sing. impt-r: indic. middle of 7reic, "to persuade;" fut.-awo; perf. r7retKa; middle sreiooyat, "to persuade one's self," c. g., to follow the directic,ls of another, " to obey." Bi, for EG7b, augment dropped, as is often done by the Epic LINE 34. and Ionic write t.-3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of flaivw, " to go."'AIjciv, in form a participle, having in the feminine ciieovaa, but used by Homer with a kine of adverbial force, " in silence," 5" stilly," "silently,". &c. The dual, (cKEovIE, occurs, Od., xiv., 195; the plural form never.-Akin, perhaps, to the root tar of taceo. bva, accus. sing. of [Ig (later &iv); gen. tvoS', O. Literally, "a heap," especially said of the.-and-heaps on the beach; and hence, in general, "the shore," "the beach." Compare the German Diinen, and English downs. IoXvSXoic6otoo, Epic and Ionic for 7ro1v402oie6ov, gen. sing. fem. ot ~ro~v2ote6of, ", loud roaring, from iro2Jst and 2Oa6ogot, 4" a confused roaring noise.." OaX;daEcag, gen. of 462Xaaaa, tI,' the sea." Homer, when he uses it of a particular sea, means by Oihaaaa the Mediterranean; for he calls the outer sea'T2tceav6o, and means by it a river.-Probab'y from'tc,' salt," so that 3 is a substitute for the aspirate. Corn.pare (ixia anid 2..ua. Lswx 35a. 6o;XLad, accus. plur. n-ut. of iro:uSC, used adverbially.'Airdvere49c, "apart," afar off," &c. Adverb, from 6'7r6 and cvvevOe.Ipar tfromn," " away." KtJv, pres. part. act. of the poetic verb Kcw, " to go."' The pesent is not used in the indicative, but frequently in Homer, &c., we have the optativ3 KOcoyt, part. Klctv, Ktojaa, and imperfect Eto1;, or, witllout augment, Kiov. Found in no other tenses.'Hpdro, 3 sing. imperf. ~i'ic. of the-middle deponent dpaoaia,; tot toU.atc, Ionic'7oyat, "' to pray." From'pai, A, " a prayer." repat6c,, ov, " old." Use0 ip Homer (who never hr s y7t;at r) always of men, with the acr'mrpanying idea of dignity,' eneratle." (omnparative yeaitrpoor sup-ly. vepalrarot.-.Corrpare tlhe rot ol VFioew. Line 26. WOM1ERIC GLOSSARY. 471 Line 36-39. Hi'^Ao 6S, Epic for EiKo!COP, ov, "fair-haei fd." —-:'or. r~ anu Ll N H 36 3 Klcn, "the hair." TElce, for F-rfe, augment being dropped, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of ricrco, " to bear," &c.; fut. r9&w: fut. mid. rTot/uat; which last is more usual; perf. T7troKa.-Lengthened fiom a root rex-. 37. K 0t, 2 sing., Epic 2 aor. imperative of KAVW, " to hear." (Compare PfeOt, yYv6t.) The present of the imperative iS MeV, Epic and Ionic for /ovO, enclitic genitive of iyd.'Apyvp6rofe, voc. sing. of apyvp6roo700, "with silver bow." Epithet of Apollo, "bearer of the silver bow." From apyvpog, "silver," and rToOV, "' a bow." Xpi)aev, accus. sing., of Xpan, Us, a, " Chrysa." (Consult note.)'AuFBe66i7Kasc, 2 sing. perf. indic. act. of dl,6aeivo, " to go around," "'to protect;" fut. tebt6e6ao/at; perf. ei'0e6g6pe:a. (Consult note.) From aindy, "around," and paivo, " to go." KXLav, accus. sing. of KluX7a, af, A, " Cilla." (Consult,IINE 3S. note.) ZadO7v, accus. sing. fem. of Preo,, ia, Eov, 1" very divine," and E[ic and Ionic for;a~Oav. From the inseparable particle'a, with inten sive signification, and 6egS. —Another intensive prefix is 6a, which is commonly regarded as merely a dialectic variety of 4'a, and both are sought to be derived from &Ld. This, however, is certainly incorrect, since d6l originally means "through," or, more properly, " asunder" (perhaps connected with 6i~), and can never, like per, have a really strengthening force. Hartung, therefore, regards (a as a collateral form of daya (aiyae), and'ya as corresponding to the Sanscrit sa-ha. Now sa, in all likelihood, is the ~ame with the a intensizvum of the Greeks; while.ha corresponds to ya or ye, and both words, there, fore, are nearly allied in meaning; so that out of this ha (ya; ye), the form Sa (da) may have arisen. (Hartung, vol. i., p. 352.-Kiihner, vol. i., p. 431, not.) Tevidoto, Epic and Ionic for Tevieov, gen. of TivedoC, ov, 4, "'J'e nedos." (Consult note.) I0t. Adverb, "powerfully," " with nmight," &c. In Homer it has the digamma, FiZt, and is, therefore, regarded by some as an old poetic dative from ic.'Avdaaetf, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of avdaiocr, "to rule ove," E" to reign over;" fut. advtdi&. From va.'e..9L/tv0de, voc. sing. of eLytvOevfi, le, i,, "&Sm.nthWis" an epithet.of.Apollo (Consult note.) &72 HiOMERIC GLOS-SAit. Line 39-41. Ilorg, an enclitic particle, " ever," "at any time,' at some tilme. But wo6-re, with the acute on the penult, an interrogative particle, when,' " at what time." Voe, Epic, Ionic, and Doric for ao', dat. sing. of aoi, but with this difference, that ao' always retains its accent in Epic, Ionic, and Doric, while,ok is always enclitic. Xapievra, accus. sing. masc. of Xcpietg, eaca, ev, "beauteous,': pleasing." From XdipL, "grace," " beauty," &c. Ny6v, accus. sing. of vo,,,, Epic and Ionic for va6r, ob, o, " a. cemple." —From vaio, " to inhabit."-Strictly, any house or dwelling,'n,, like the Latin cedes (in sing.), limited in use to the dwelling of a g d, a temple.'Epepa, 1 aor. indic. act. of speos, " to cover over," "to roof over,"' "to erect." (Consult note.)-The primitive idea involved in spipo is that of the exclusion of light, as caused by a covering put upon any thing; and hence the word is probably akin to the Hebrew ereb, o, erev, and our " eve-ning.'. LINE 40. Tot, for aot. Consult previous line. Hiova, accus. plur. neut. of 7riOv, 6, #; neut. rioi, gen. srioiou, "fat,"- " well fed," " sleek." Comparative and superlative, 1rt6repo~, Irt6raro7, as if from trot-, "fat." Mvlp/a, accus. plur. of,opiov, ov, r-, "a thigh." The singular, however, is, in fact, never used, and is merely given here to show the analogy of formation.-From tyOpa ri, a rarer Homeric plural, and this last akin to tyup6g, o, 6, "the thigh."-The old grammarians used to distinguish between unpita, "thigh-bones," and /toho0, "th?ghs." But this is opposed by Hermann and Nitzsch.'EK7a, 1 sing. Epic 1 aor. indic. act. of Kaoi (Attic Ktt).; fut caeJaw, &c. This form Diaea supposes, in strictness, a present mca; which does not, it is true, actually appear, but still we have the im perfect EKyov among the various readings of Od., ix., 553. (Kiihnec, vol. i., p. 179.)'HUi, " and," conjunction, joining two words together just INEs 41. like Kal, and of frequent occurrence in Homer.-If aiv, " a. wet1," goes before, edi is " as also," like Kai.... ecat. Aiycv, gen. plur. of alX, aiyo6, 6, a,, " a goat."-From i'acoa,' r rush," " to dart," and so, strictly, " a darter," " a springer." T66s, accus. sing. neut. of the demonstr. pronoun ode, sde, r6acr,' this," " that." In reality, however, it means " this one herc," &., like the Latin hicce, heecce, hocce. Kpivov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imperative act. of Kmoatacivo,' to accomplish.' HOMERIC G.LOSSARY.47;1 Line 41-44. " to bring to pass, "' tc grant," and Kpataivt, itself is a 1 Dngl lhe.neu form of Kpaivo, fut. KpvD, 1 aor. EKpyva, leug-thened form bEqpnva. Akin to the Sansucrit root kri, " to make," whence we have also the Latin crearte. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 219.)'.Eiodp, Epic for Eid&p, 76, " a desire," " a wish," itself a poetic word.-Pott regards E;6ojpa. and &Amup as merely enlarged by the add itior. of a d-sound, and seeks to trace an analogy between EwX, ea.oual, and velle, &c. Tiaetav, 3 plur., 1 aor. opt. zEolic, of ryvo, "to pay a price" by way of return or recompense, " to atone for;" fut. Tiao; perf. rret1a c 1 aor. trtaa.-Not from rio, which is confined to the signification of paying honor.'Epu, accus. plur. neut. of iye6g, u, 6v, "my," "mine," possessive pronoun of 1 pers. AcKpva, accus. plur. of duKipv, vog, r6, "a tear."-Compare the Latin lacrii-ma, and the Sanscrit acru. Xoiat, Epic and Ionic.for ao1c, dat. plur. of a6c, a', a6v, "thy,": thine;" possessive pronoun of 2 pers., from av', " thou." Biecratv, Epic for fi~Eeatv, dat. plur. of fp2uo, eor, ro, "an arrow." Literally, "any thing hurled," " a missile." —Akin to 4ia2.o, which last appears to have been originally iMrXuo, or, rather, with the di gamma, Ftad2XXo. (Donaldson's New Cralyllus, p. 122.) LINE 43.'2c NEar'.. Consult line 33. E X6,evog, pres. part. of the deponent Ebxoupat, " to pray;" fut. E'VopaL: 1 aor. rvf9:prv,. Literally, " to pay one's vows," from evxf. " a vow."'Ecive, 3 sing. irmperf. (with aorist force) indic. act. of O'(Jo., "' to hear."-Compare the Sanscrit cru, and Latin cluo. 4oi6of, ov, Or,; Phoebus," an epithet of Apollo. Properly an adjective, oo6bos, i7, on, "'pure," " bright," &c. Hence " Phcebus" means "the Bright," or "Pure." In no case, however, must Homer's oi6cg be taken for the sun-god ("Hatoc), for Apollo did not receive this character until much Iater.-Probably from d6ios, SC, "lihght,"' brightness." (Compare Miiller, Dorians, vol. i., p. 324.) Karca, in Homeric Greek, an adverb, "down," afi srward a'EINE 44: preposition. O,2VAUerolo, Epic and Ionic for'O2' j7irov, gen. sing. of'OXzvutro, ov, 6, " Olylmpus "' a high mountain on the northern frontier of rhessaly, near the sea, and the fabled abode of the gods. From its peaks being often seen rising above the clouds into the calm ether, it was the old belief that here was an opening in the vault of heaven, vEased by a R R 2 174 nHOiMtERIC GLOSSAac. Lzne 44-46. rlhii cloud as a dooI (II., v., 751.) The highest peak wa&s heid to be the seat of Jove; the surrounding ones belonged each to one of the gods of his court (In.,.xi., 76, &c.); and they only came to the highest when summoned to feast or council. Afterward, philosophers placed the gods in the centre of heaven, round the palace of Jove, which was in the very zenith, and to this the name of Olympus was continued. (Voss, ad Virg., Georg., iii., 261, p. 586.) Kap7;vwv, gen. plur. of KSpyvov, ov, T6, " the head,"' the summit " Homer never usesthe singular.-'From pcaSpV, To, ", the head." Xo;,uevo~, pres. part. of the middle deponent Xdollal, "to be incensed," " to be enraged;" fut. X6ao/aL; 1 aor. tXacidulv.-It is merely an Epic word, and akin to XoXl. Kip, accus. sing. of icslp; gen. KepoS, T-o; contracted from KE'ap, "the heart."-Observe that Icap first occurs in Pindar and the tragedians, for Homer always uses K-ip.-Compare idip, the Doric form of Kip, with the Latin cor, cordis. T6sa, accus. plur. of rov, ov, or,, "a bow."-Homer is LINE 45. fond of employing the plural number, which is generally explained by the plural of excellence, as we have done in the notes. Some, however, see in this plural merely an allusion to the bow as formed of two component parts, namely, two pieces of horn, joined by the -riXvf, or centre-piece.-Probably from rvyXcvetlv, 7vXv, vx, "I hit," through the Doric form ro6aaac for rvx6v. zuotaoltv, dat. plur. Epic and Ionic, for quotg, from S/zuoo, ov. 6, "the shoulder." —aduocs and the Latin hume7 us appear to come from the same root.'A/07pecia, Epic and Ionic accus. sing. fem. for oqnlpec, from iCtll0pe0C, E's, "covered all around," "closely covered," from ajuoi, "around," anad hpqeo, " to cover." bap'rp7v, accus. sing. of bapirpi7, va,?I, Ionic for oapirpa, aC, a quiver." From'pwo, "to carry," as carrying the arrows. L'Ec7Layav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of icA;itu; fut. KX&ayf): perf. KcKi2ayya: 1 aor. iKcuay:a: 2 perf. KtcK2cya, but Epic unly: " to clash," " to clang," "' to rattle," "to make a loud noise."The root 0ca' is found only in the present and imperfect, the other tenses coming from a root cK2ay, /Ksayy, whence also ieXayy'. Comr pare our clash, clang, the Latin clango, and the Sanscrit klrad.'Oiaol, nom. plur. of bio'rC, o0i, o, "an arrow." Attic olari;r, ov. In the later poets, bioardc occurs also with the heterogeneous plural aN Zrc4. —Probably from o'E,. whence oaio, the future of 9goo and 4a, nating, therefore, "that wh,ich is borne or shot." HOMERIC GLM SSARYo 41 5 Line 46-49. s MGiio4 9, Epic and Ionic, for Xwoie'vov, from;~o6ue.oc. Consult line 44. KtvOievrof, gen. sing. 1 aor. part. pass. of etviO, "to move,' LINE 47. " to set in motion;" fut. tLtvaow: perf. iceirivrna.-Probably from ICei, radical form, " to go."'Hie, 3 sing. Epic and Ionic imperf. of ei4l, "to go," namely r'Za, viser, iZe, &c., for eziv,,ezt,'et, &c. The Attics contracted iEa into Oa. Some, less correctly, regard'i'a as the 2 perf., and,ltv as the 2 pluperf. (perf. and pluperf. middle), and as used to express both imperfect and aoristic time.'EoLc6S, 2 perf. part. of eic,, " to be like," &c., fut. eAid: 2 perf. otega, with the force of a present.-Observe that ElKc itself does not occur, and is merely given here as a radical form. The nearest approach to it is found in the imperfect EbKE, " it appeared proper, fr fit." (II., xviii., 520.) "EerTO, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of;oS, " I set or place" another; in the middle Kolzea, " I seat myself," "I sit." The imperfect is here without augment, and aoristic in force: fut idotoat. Homer employs merely the present and imperfect.-Ob serve that there is, in reality, no such present as eio, though, as ii from it, we have the transitive tenses elca, middle eclau'Cv, fut. mi.' cFioouat, perf. pass. e1LFat. Nedv, gen. plural of v~y, v?76c,?, "a ship." Epic and Ionic for vaio, ve6c.-Observe that ve-Cv is also the Attic form of the gen. plural.'I6v, accus. sing. of 164, oi, 6, " an arrow."-Probably from livae, i-re, " to go," like the Sanscrit ishu, from ish. (Pott, Etym. Forsch., Yol. i., p. 269.) "EcKEYv, 3 sing. Epic 1 aor. indic. act. for'Ice, from aLt, "'to end," " to shoot," "to throw;" fut.'ao: perf. eica.-The root be is aound in dvi~ovra, Herodot., ii., 165. Aetvi, nom. sing. fem. of etv6og, 6I, Ov, "feaful," " terriTLINE 49. bie." —Related to de2SLog, as act. to pass. f-ightful to fea? fi/l, but often confounded with it. (Porson, ad Eurip., Orest., 767 ) K2ayy?7, gen. Ad, ~, "a twang," of a bow, "a clang." —From Keo. Consult line 46. rivero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of yiyvouat, " to become," " to be," &c. For Eyivero, the augment being dropped. — Akin to yeivoia:!, yevvdi, geno, gigno: Sanscrit jan, " to be born," and yvvf.'Apyvo'oto, Epic and Ionic for apyvpeoiv (Attic ipyvpov), gen. sing. mase. of dpyvpeog, a, o', (Attic dpyvpov~, d, ov), "silver," "of silver.' From'p,~vpog, "silver," which is akin to poyo5, ipylg, i. e., the whate metal. 476 GIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 49-52. Boio, Epic and I 3nic for pLtov, from fot6~, cb o, " a bow." —(~)bserva the evident analogy of meaning in this word and Pilot, ov, b, " support," "sustenance," "life," &c., the Greeks, like all rude tribes, living originally by the chase. O0p7?aC, Epic for bpEac, accus. plur. of oper, tiow, 6, "a LINE 50. mule." Probably from opocf, "a mountain," as mules are,?hiefly used in mountainous countries. ERrrxero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of middle deponent'EroiXolat, " to go toward," or " against," " to attack."-From Ei'i and oxouat; fut. oiTlaopat; perf. 4Xjl7/at. Kdvac, accus. plur. of Kcov, KUvvS, O, Ij, " a dog." Consult line 4.'Apyodv', accus. plur. masc. of Ldpyi6, a, ov, properly, "shining,"'6bright," &c., most frequently, however, in Homer, an epithet of Gogs, a"swift," "swift-footed," because all swift motion causes a kind of glancing, flashing, or flickering, which thus connects the notions of white and swift. AviTdp, conjunction, Epic for I&rp, "but," &c., always at the beginning of a sentence, and intended to express an unexpected contrast, or a rapid change and continuation of the sub Ject. —From acr' (for abre) and aip (for lpa). Acrolat, Epic and Ionic for avroit, from acr6s, hj, 6. BLego~. Consult line 42.'EXerrevKcf, accus. sing. neut. of xewrevicif, e', "sha7p-poznted, from kXo, and 7reItcr, " a pine" or "fir-tree," and then any thing made of the wood, &c., of the pine or fir; hence " a spine of thefir-tree,' " any thing pointed," &c.-Buttmann makes it appear probable that the radical notion of rredvre is not, as usually supposed, that of bitter ness, but of sharp-pointedness, the fir being so called either from its pointed shape or its spines. The same root appears in -otLKpt; Latin pugo, pungo, and the English pike, peak. (Lexilogus, s. v EXEr'6eK'r.)'Edt-ed, p res. part. act. of EiuctL, "to discharge," " to send against;' fut. Eliaco: 1 aor. E'cca, Epic kvE'dmca.-From Eir and agept. Bda2re, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of PiaXLow, "to smite;" LINE 52. without the augment, for E6a;Xe: fut. fia2m: perf. fpEX1KaS: 2 aor. e6aLov. Aei, adverb, "always," " ever," &c., Ionic and poetic for aed. — Kiihner deduces atle from a substantive atov, aifCov (Latin evumaN) like'Oveei, and the Doric oibci for othi. (Gr. Gr., Q 363, Anm. 2 ) fIvpal, nom. plur. of 7rvp~, ~S, Epic and Ionic for ~7rm'a, ac, 4, "a funeral-pile."-From rVp., "fire."' HOMEILC GLOSSARY. 477 Line 52-55. NfKxiOV, gen. plur. of veKv', voc, 6, "a dead body," "a (,rpse." Nom. plur v6Kveg,'.' the dead."-The root vec appears in the Sanscril nac, "' to perish," and in the Latin nex, nec-is, and noc-eo. Kaicvro, without the augment, for itcaiovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. sass. of Kaio, "to burn;" fut. Karvao: perf. KecavKa, in composi-.ion with Keard, &c.-The Sanscrit root is cush, "to be dry," with A'hich compare the fut. Kara-o: hence cushka, Latin siccus. Oaie-zk., nom. plur. fem. of tOauje6i, ca, 6v,, "crowded," "close," "standin'g closely together."-From &ajya, "together," "in crowds," "close," " thick." —Akin to quaa, and perhaps derived from it.'Evve/lap, adverb, "for nine days." An Epic form. From LINE 53. ovveaa, "nine," and j,uap, "a day."'Avc,. Consult line 10. Ttixero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of middle deponent oiXoczat, " to go," 4" to make one's way;" fut. oix7aoya c: perf. 4ix FIzac: imperfect. X61l7v, or, with initial capital,'T2tX6F7yv. Ki7)a, nom. plur. of Kc2lov, ov, r6 (Attic lcmaov), "a shaft," "an arrow." Properly, the wooden shaft of an arrow. In Homer, always used of a god's arrows, e. g., of Apollo, i. e., pestilence; or of Jupiter, i. e., tempest. —Akin, probably, to Kav6rg, "a shaft," "handle," &c. OeoZo, Epic and Ionic for 9ovi, from ioeS6, o~,, " a god." Con. sult line 28. Aexiccar, dat. sing. fem. of 6iearof, y, ov, "the tenth," and LINE 54. agreeing with is/zt.a understood, and implied, in fact, from Fvviuap which precedes: hence r, dEidryv d6E- " on the tenth (day), however."-From 6dca, "ten."'Ayopij'e6, "to an assembly." Adverbial form of expression, corn pounded of aiyopi7v (Attic CiyopCv), accus. sing. of ciyopO (Attic'yopc), " an assembly," and the suffix de denoting motion toward.-Observe that this suffix, de, is regularly appended to the unaltered accusa.tive-form, and is joined only to nouns. In the case of pronouns and adverbs, ae is used in place of de; as, iKEf-ae, 0d06-ae, %Xo-ae, aVr6-ae, &c. (Kiihner, Q 377, 5.) Kaaadoaro, poetic for EcaaEcaTro, the augment being dropped; 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. cf icaCeo, "to summon," " to call;" fut. Kaedao'usually syncopated Iy the Attics, and contracted Kca2); perfect Aa6v, accus. sing. of Xa6f, o~i, o, " the people," "theforces."'E * Li. Adverb. (Consult note.) 4peoa, dat. plur. of op7'v, Oqpev6g,', "the nind."-Strictly speaking, pTav means the " midiJr"?' or "' Tiip'-a.gm'," (fr which, at a later pe IIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 55-57. rlod, the term &dea/*aya was employed), z. e., the ml;scle whichi parts the heart and lungs from the lower viscera. It then denotes the "heart" and "parts adjoining the heart," "the breast," like the Latin praecordia. This, according to the Homeric idea, is the seat. of fear, of joy, of anger, of grief; &c. It is also the seat of the mental faculties, thought, will, understanding, &c. lHence, opv7j becomes equivalent to "' the mind." OxicE, for eWiae, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ri~-rlut, " to place," " to put," "to suggest:" fut. a0aco: perf. rTOetca: 1 aor. EAyna. AEVKt6Evoc, O,, "fair-armed," "white-armed," epithet of Juno; from XevKoC, " white," and 1Ai.v/Vn, "an arm."'Hpn, 7r,, Ionic and Epic for "Hpa, ac, y, " Juno," queen of the gods, daughter of Saturn and Rhea, and sister and wife of Jove.-Evidently akin to spos, with which compare the Latin herus and hera. Jove will thus be the master, and Juno the mistress (hera) of the skies (Consult line 4.) KMrEero, for EIC7RdeTo, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. iriI perf. indic. mid. of Ki'&o, " to vex;" middle icadoftat, "to be concernedfor," "' to care for" (i. e., " to vex one's self"); fut., with reduplication, eeiKa6daopat: 2 perf., in a present sense, KEid6a, "1 mourn," " I sorrow." Aavaiv, gen. plur. of Aavao6. Consult note on line 42. OvVaGcovraf, accus. plur. mase. pres. part. of -Jvfaicu, "to die;" fut. mid. 4avoi3 at: perf..rEivyKea.-Lengthened form from a root:Oav, which appears in the fut. mid. and in the 2 aor. iOavov.-The root Oav is akin to 9ev in iEnio, "to strike," or "wound," and both are related to the Sanscrit han, "to strike," or " wound."'Opiiro, for Eopiro, the double augment being dropped, 3 sing. imaperf. indic. mid. of 6dpci; fut. 6ioucat (from the root b'nr); perf. iEpaKa, and without the reduplication, &paiKa, "to see." —Iomer has no passive, but always uses the middle in an active signification. In like manner, 4bopzat, the fut. mid., is always active in meaning with other writers likewise.-Originally, in all probability, opcco had the digamma, for the Sanscrit root is sri, with which compare our ware, a-ware; German wiihren, Wehr, wahr; and Latin verus.'Hyepfev, Epic and _.Eolic for VyipOelaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. in, INEs 57. dic. pass. of'yeipo, "to bring together," "to collect;" fut. -/ytpd: perf. pass., with Attic reduplication, cay'y'eppai. —From ayo,' to bring together."'Op QyepieC, Epic, arp ionic for hiprly pa, norn, plur. mac. of aurl HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 47!1 Line 51-61. yeper)g, ie, Epic and Ionic for 5Loyspc-, (i, "assembled;" from /i,:br,'together-," and dEyeipc, " to collect."'Av7rcid6evo~, pres. part. mid. of Vt'vartLt: fut. avaaraer,, LINE 58- "to make to stand up;" in the middle vitsrcatat, " to stand utp," " to arise."-Observe, however, that the aorist middle is transitive; as, avacrijaac0at a-o6tv, to raise a city for one's self " (Herod.,., 165), &c. MeCr76q, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of Fer67ab/, " to speak among." Only used by Homer in this part of the verb. —From ieerm and 077ui. 1 dars, accus. plur. of'rovc, ro6oS, 6,, "the foot."-The Sanscrit root Is pad, " to go',"' hence Sanscrit pad; Latin pes, ped-is; English pad, joot; German fuss, &c., akin to rE'dov = Sanscrit pada.'QKcs, ~iceta, WiKV (Epic and Ionic fem.'EcCa),' swift," "quick." The word is poetic, and mostly Epic.-Akin to the Sanscrit ac, " to pass through," and also to bof, &C, c, v/, and the Latin acer, acutius LINE 59.'A//ue, ZEolic, Doric, and Epic, for ijj~u. TauItqlerr2ayx0ivraS, accus. plur. 1 aor. part. pass. of 7raXtzLri,,4o, to cause to wander back;" fut. ira3twr 7je y&: passive, in a middle sense, wratlz7r a'oeoat, "to wander back," "to wander away from." From iraLtv, "4 back," and 7ruaifu.-Observe that the active is merely given here to complete the form. The only part of the verb found in actual use is t'a2tul,'ayXOe[i, as occurring here and in Od., xiii., 5.'Oco, Epic active, pres. indic. for olopact, "I think."-Observe that this form bLo is only used in the first person.'Aip, adverb of place, "back," " away from," &c. Akin to LINE 60. the Latin abs, through the.2Eolic iirc.'A7roo oaruetv, fut. infin. act. of a7rovoario, "to return," " to come home;" fut. ~ao.-From zero, and'voara~w, " to return home." Kev. -Equivalent to th'e prose ad, so that ei Kcv is the sanle as Eu)v. 0uVarTOV, accus. sing. of 19avaTro, ov, o, "death."-As regards the root 9av, consult remarks under vYlCIcoz'ra', in line 56. cvFyotlUEv, 1 plur. 2 aor. opt. act. of oev'yo, " to escape," "4to free." Consult 0e6ye, line 173, where the' parts of the verb are given.-The root is strictly ovy, as appears in ovyezv, eqovyov, ovyi', the Latin fuf a, fegio, &c.-Akin either to the Sanscrit bhudsh, " inflec'lere," "cuyare," with which compare the English budge; c else to Whi, " t fear."'O/zoi, advcrb, " together." Strict y, gen. sing. neut...J LINE 61.,, Lrwe Or. 4SdIP HcIOM:ERIC GLOSSARY. Line 61-64. 116 A eoc, ov, o, "uwar "-From rrio (iadiLcal form) akin to rro;aifo, 7r6Oafo, irouW: Latin pello and bellum. Aa/ad, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of daydo, " to subdue;" fut. dacruat'o I aor. E6dciaa: perf. d6i6ttca. A post-Homeric form of the present is d6apui[, which is not found before Euripides, though we have 6dazaa6eig, as if from u6anu)o, in the Iliad (xvi., 816).-Compare the Sanscrit dam, " to be tame;" Latin dom-are; English tame; German rahm. Aoltp6, 01, 6, "a pestilence."-Supposed to be akin to Xipa, "ruin," "' destruclion," but very unlikely.. More probably of the same family with the Latin lue-s, and the Sanscrit IlA, " scindere," "evellere."'Aye. Originally, imperative of dyo, but subsequently used as an adverb, like 0Qpe, I" come,"!" come on," &c. TLvci, accus. sing. masc. of the indefinite irt, neut. Tt, "some one," &c. —Compare the AEolic Kict (for r2'), Latin quis (i. e., KiFs), and Sanscrit kas. Mdvrtv, accus. sing. of 1ztivrtg, Ionic tbo, Attic eaw, o, "a seer," a soothsayer." " a diviner."-The derivation from,uaivoyat, " to rave," is found as early as Plato (Tim., 72, B.), who distinguishes uLivretc from wrpogirat, tile former being persons who uttered oracles in a state of divine phrensy; the latter, the interpreters of those oracles.'Epeiopuev, Epic for poduErv (the mood-vowel being shortened), i plur. pres. subjunct. of spcso; Epic present for Edpopat, Epocah, I" to interrogate," " to ask," &c.'Iepia. Consult line 23.'Ovetpo6rro0v, accus. sing. of bvelporr6tor, or, 6, " an inter1iNE 63. INE 63 preter of dreams."' Literally, "' one occupied with dreams." From brvepoc, "a dream," and 7roio,u" to be conversant with." "Ovap, nom; sing. of 6vap, r6, " a dream." Opposed to a waking vision, virap. Only used in nom. and accus. sing., the other cases being supplied from 6&vetpoC and 6Eltpov, &c. At6f. Consult line 5.'Eartiv, 3 sing. prest. indic. of edt, "to be." LINE 64. "OS ice. For ofg aiv. E7rot, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. act. from a radical form &rci, for which Mui is used as a present; indicative el7rov, " I spoke," "Iszid:" imperative drn': part. e'zrwl': infin. elrreEv. We have also a first aorist cira, and imperative ez6dv, though the accentuation edrov seems bet ter. This latter form of the aorist is especially Homeric and Ionic; but it also frequently oeclrs in Attic. The future and perfect are suppl.:ed by.p`uo, namely, fut. p6i, pcerf eioi7ca.-Obscrve that tl.e HOMERtIC GLOSSARY, 481 Line 64-66. radical staJ may lie traced in Enr-og. And as em-ros is properly a di gammated word, FEr-ov, and the root, therefore, strictly speaking, is Fier, we may trace an analogy between this root Fiwr, the other form o6r (i. e., FPrw), which appears in 6p, " the voice," the Eolic Fdc, the Latin voc, in vox, voc-is, "the voice," and,oco are. " to call," and, finally, the Sanscrit watsh, "dicere." T6oaov, Epic for r6aov, accus. sing. ne-lt. used adverbially, o0 r6aor, ry, ov, Epic rCbaor, i, ov, "so much," &c. Compare the Latin usage in tantum, and observe that ro6aov is here employed without an answering oaaov.'EXaTuaro, 3 sing. I aor. indic. of the middle deponent xioiiat, "to ce incensed," "to be wroth;" fut. X6aouat: 1 aor. XwuOa6,uv.-Akin to X6bXVL. Elir, "whether," answered by etO' (i. e., EtiE) at the close LINE 65. of the line; as in Latin, sive,.... sive. E: wX7Z?, gen. sing. of eirXXw7o, ~, i?, " a vow."- Akin to ebX7 and e:XoS, in same signification, the root of which evx (EbK) compare with the Sanscrit uc (another form of wac), " to pray for," " to desire," "to wish." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 235, 268.)'EwrotLE4Trat, 3 sing. preg. indic. of middle deponent riw/zuEiozaot, "to have a complaint against one," " to impute to one as matter ol blame," fut. Ei7rltuEpojalt- -From riw and j/iqtoqoaa, "to blame."'Eicard6icS, gen. sing. of EKaTcrb,6, a,, "a hecatomb." Strictly speaking, an offering of a hundred oxen (from iaoar'v, "a -hundred," and rovfi, "an ox"); but even in Homer the word has lost its ety mological signification; and though in the present passage it may still retain that meaning, yet in book vi., 93, 115, we find a hecatomb of twelve oxen; in Od., iii., 59, of eighty-one. Nor does Homer confine it to oxen; for hecatombs of oxen and rams often occur (II., i., 315: Od., i., 25); nay, we find hecatombs without any oxen, e. g., of fifty rams (II., xxiii., 146). The word KteaTO'6q, therefore, even in Homer's time, would seem to have signified, in gener"l, "a large sacrifice offered publicly." At, Epic and Doric for el, "if." In Homer, only al Ke and LINE 866. at KEv; Doric aiwKa.- It contains, however, a latent ref erence to something wished for or desired, and is therefore akin to, it not identical with, ai, an exclamation of strong desire, "wwtlua! that!" " 0 that!" (Consult note.) Io-r, enclitic adverb, " in any way." On the other hand, trE,- an interrogative adverb, " in what way," " how."'APvfv, gen. plur., " of lambs." The noir. sing. ipr (a-ccording to Ss 482 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 66-67. Kiihnei, up/lv or ahtijv) is out of use, and its place ii tsuppliedl by auvo6. Early authors have, gen. sing. dpv6o; dat. apvi; accus. apva dual, (pve: plural, nom. iipve; gen. apvdv; dat. apvdt. (Epic ipVEcat); accus. ipvac. —The root appears to be lev, with which we may compare the English ram, while in the first two letters of apvbf we detect a sort of resemblance to the Latin ar-ies. Kvian7/, gen. sing. of cvicr/, Epic for Kviaa, ha, a, "the steam and odor of fat," which exhales from meat roasting; especially "the smell or savor of a victim," "' the steam of a burnt sacrifice," which ascends to heaven as a grateful gift to the gods.-Observe that Kviaic and cvlaa are the more correct forms for the common Kcva7?, cKvaaa (Draco, de 1Metr., p. 21, 4, ed. Hermann.-Eustath., 1766, 30).-From IvidW, "to irritate," " to nettle," "to chafe," as expressive of the ef-.Fect produced upon the olfactory nerves by the odor that arises With the root of Kcvito (i. e., Kvtd-amJ) compare the Latin nid-or, " savor," the Greek v2vrrT-d, "to prick," and the English nettle and needle. AgiySv, gen. plur. of al, aiy6f, 6, o,, "a goat." (Consult line 41.) Teehov, gen. plur. of ri2ecoto a, ov, "perfect," "without spot or blemish." Literally, " having reached its'end," i. e., complete, perfect — From rTi2Of, "an end." Bov'2erat, 3 sing. pres. subj. mid. of deponent /ov2Xoeualt LINE 67. with shortened mood vowel, "to will," " to be willing,' "to wish;" fut. pov;r7aoFatL: perf. OE6ovd7vlzat.-Observe the follow-.ng difference between i0X;to and 3odvopaci, in that E06tiCo expresses choice and purpose; but lov'touatl, a mere inclination toward a thing, a willingness. (Buttmann, Lexil., i., p. 26.-Opposed, however, by Donaldson, New Cratylus, p. 561.)-Earlier form p6;o/zat, and in the active (.Eolic),36bo, whence the Latin volo. A much less satisfac. tory explanation is given by Donaldson (New Cratylus, p. 565, seqq.). who traces fd2ovXo/eaL to 3ov2%~.'Avrtiaag, 1 aor. part. act. of &vrt7CO: fut. vrTYia:O 1 aor. j'vrgiaea. (Consult line 31.) " To go to meet," " to go in quest of;" said espe. cially of the gods, " to come (as it were) to meet an offering," i. e., accept graciously of it; and hence, " to partake of," " to enjoy." Aoty6v, accus. sing. of Xotydr, oS, o, " destruction." —Akin to?uvypo6, aevya2Eog, " mournful," " wretched," and the Latin lugeo,'Luct s.'AavvaL, 1 aor. infin. act. of,uv'vw, " to ward off;" fut. yuiJvi,: I aor. luiva.-The. root pvv appears akin to that of the Latin mun-ire mten-ia (mun-ia), and to the Sanscrit man, "to check," "to re strain." SC MERI,; GLOSSAR1. 48Si Line 68-70. INE 68.'HrTO. (Consult note.) KaTd. In Homeric Greek an adverb, "down." Subsequently, a preposition. E'eEro. Consult line 48.'AviEar7, "stood up," "arose," 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of a&viar-YIL, "to make to stand up," "to raise up:" fut. avaCaur7a: perf. ivsEartpeKa, " I stand up:" 2 aor. aevlorETv, "1 stood up."-From aiva and iarywtI, " to place." Kdaxa~, gen. IKCXavroc, &c. " Calchas," the Greek seei LINE 69. at Troy.- Supposed to come from icaXXaivw, "to make dark and troublous, like a stormy sea;" and then "to turn over oi revolve in one's mind, to search out," &c. Hence Kacxac will signify, strictly, "the Searcher." Oearopi6r, ov, o,, "the son of Thestor." A patronymic appellation of Calchas. From Oivtrwp, opor, 6, "Thestor," son of Idmon, and father of Calchas. Oiwvo-ro6?wtv, gen. plur. of oitovorr6o.or, ov, 6, "an augur," one who is busied with, or observes the flight and cries of birds, in order to draw omens of the future therefrom.-Properly an adjective, otovorw6uoo, ov. — From otov6f, "a bird," and ro:Eow, ".to be conversan. with." 9Oxa, "by far," Epic adverb, only found in Homer, where it Is pretty frequent, though only as an intensive before superlatives. In its place, later writers have Eboxa. - Probably from itxo, "to seize" or "grasp;" for, as Dcederlein remarks, bxa is to bXvpod, as the old German fast, " very," to fest, " fast," " tight."'H6i&7, or'67, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. of e6ud, "to know," a IINE 70. signification, however, which Eidw, which properly means "to see," gets, in reality, from its perfect olda, for what one has seen and observed, that one knows, and so oida means "I have seen into it," and, consequently, "I know it." The common form of the plu.perfect is,6etv, 6deis (or 6detoca),,6et, &c., for which the Epic writers said W6ea,,6eas, i6ee, &c. The third person,dee becomes here P6y by ccntraction, whereas in II., ii., 409, the uncontracted form occurs. The Attics said,d",,d-,s6etv, and Adz,, but with regard to this last form, namely, the 3d person M6r, in Attic, strong doubts exist. (Consult Kiihner, ~ 123, Anm., and Buttmann, Ausf. Sprachl., vol. i., p. 434, not.)'E6vra, Epic and Ionic for -vra, accus. plur. neut. ofWiv, obaa, 6v' pies. part. of Et[, "to be."'E:sas;eya, accus. plur. neut. fut. participle of e'l/f, " to be." n'l - IHOMERIKC GCLCSfARY' Ltne 70-73. Hp6. Homeric adverb, "before," "on before." Sabsequently, X pr eposition. N7eact, Epic and Ionlc for vaval, dat. plur. of vfvf.: gen. LINE 71. vli?6C,:, Epic'and Ionic for vaOc, ve6,, 4, "a ship.".'Hyriaaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. of middle deponent yloyatat: fut. Jyicouatc: 1 aor. 7iyrlaurlv, " to lead," "to be a guide unto."'J?2tov, accus. sing. of lLtor, ov, 4, "Ilium," or Troy. Another torm is'litov, or, r6, but 4'tItoc is the form employed by Homer and the poets, with the exception of II., xv., 71, where'Utolio alone occurs. The later prose writers, on the other hand, usually give To' IUtLov the preference. Elao, more rarely Eao, adverb, " to," "unto," "into," " within." —. From eil. bE, "into." L Hv, accus. sing. fem. of the possessive pronoun, or, 7, ov, 72. "his, her," for tEo, tE, Bov, which last is the Epic and Ionize form. Mavreavwvv, accus. sing. of Lav7ro0avP, r k,, " skill in divination.'" Properly, "the art of divination."-From jadvret, "a diviner." Con suit line 62. Tly, Epic and Ionic for 4v, accus. sing. fem. of or, O, 6, relative pronoun, "who, which, or that." Oi, dat. sing. of the personal pronoun of the third person masc. for ear(t, "on him," "to him." Nom. wanting; gen. ov: dat. ol: accus. P.-Observe that, though the grammars represent the nominative of this pronoun as wanting, yet the ancient grammarians adduce, as an early nominative, the form 1 or Z, with which we may compare the Latin is, ena, id; the Gothic is, si, ita (" he, she, it"), and the Sansent aj-am, ij-am, id-am. (Kiihner, ~ 334.) H16pe, for erope, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. from an assumed present ro6po, " to bestow," " to'grant," " tc give."-The root in rrpow appears to be the preposition irp6 (Doric 7r6p, 7ropri), the literal meaning of the verb being "to give forth." With this compare por-rigo, "to stretch forth;" par-io, " to bring forth;" por-tio, " a portion,'i something given forth from a whole, &c. "0. Consult note.-Ithas the accent becaqise followed hv LINE 73. an enclitic. L~0:,, Epic and Ionic for caqai, dat. plur. of aoqEZ, which is itself, he nom. plui,. masc. of the personal pronoun of the 3d person, " they." -Observe that aCtv is also used for the dat. sing.; but much less fir quently. E/>ipoviwi, pres part. act. of E^vUot, which is merely assumet] HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 4,, Line 73-76. as a present, no such form in reality occurring: "ieing Jato;-abr. disposed," "meaning well "- Observe that EiVl0povecv is Epic foi dpovdwv.'Ayop~aaro, for I'yop/aa o, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. 1 Oar. indic. of the middle deponent iyopao,uea: fut.'aozaut, " to har cn.guCe" in full assembly. Properly, "to.meet in assembly." From ayopu, " an assembly." METEEC7rEv, Epic for /Tef!rerv, 3 sing. 2 aor. of Ucer/ztvpUe, " to speak among:" 2 aor.?er7eirov, EC, E. Consult remarks on elrov, in line 64.'AXt;eE, voc. of'Axieivf, the shortened and earlier form of the name of Achilles; the longer one being'AxZ!Xedv, the;32 being adopted for the requirement of the verse. The same remark applies to'Ob0ae r and'O6Bacevr. So AivEaf is the earlier form for Aiveiac, and was retained by the Dorians. IKaeat, 2 pers. sing. pres. indic. of the middle deponent ici2oaaz, it to bid," "to urge," " to set in motion," &c.; fut. KEXlaopaU: 2 aor.,e26o/zv and /KEtcZ6/u v.-Observe that iKcEeac is Epic and Ionic for einest. Thus, E/caoeat, 2 pers. (old form) -aiecata: (Epic and Ionic) lrc;eaz: (Attic) ceXet: (common dialect) Aig2oy. at[, dat. sing. of Zegr. Consult remarks on Ato6, line 4. iZae, voc. sing. mase. of ~i2oc, V1, ov, "dear,"." beloved."-Origl nally an adjective; afterward used as a substantive, Oiior, ov, 6, " a friend." A similar change takes place with amicus in L tai.-Cuu,pa'e the Sanscrit pdlas, "a friend." (Eichhoff, Vergleich., p. 239, n. 475.) TMvOrraaOat, 1 aor. infin. middle of the deponent!vOioitae, " to tell," " to mention;" fut.?vOijaoeate. —From uj0oo. Consult line 25.'Etrdar7e2,rao, Epic for Elcarr6et2drov, from Eare6eLEr?,, el, LI.NE 75. "far darting." From EeidC, " afar," and P2Xor, " a missile," a dart."-Observe that, originally, the genitive singular of mascunes in 7yg and as, of the first declension, ended in ao. (Kiihner,, 261, 2.) Tocydip, a strengthened form of the enclitic -ro; "t.hereLINE 76. fore," "accordingly," "so then," &c. Usually employed at the beginning of a speech or clause.'Eywv, Epic and._Eolic for iy675.'EpEo, Epic and Ionic for Epi, fut. of the rare present elpo, " to speak," "to declare."'Ep6 is commonly assigned as a future do eleretv, with a perf. elpnca: perf. pass. ed,onu/at (as if from a formr Ebec; 1 aor pass. i,~tkOv?, and itfliVO1',, of which the former is the S s2 ItSO HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 76-78. better. There Is no form of the presentsuch as cpc, but Homer has seo and elpouat, for which the Attics use PLi. 6v60eo, Epic and Ionic for ov'vOov, 2 aor. imperat. mid. of at, rO1iut, " to put together;" middle avvrOe[uat, strictly, " to put together Jor one's self;" and so, " to observe a thing," " to take heed to it;" and hence, " to agree," " to promise," after taking due heed of the proba. ble consequences of an affair.-2 aor. avveevi/uv: 2 aor. implerat. (old form) avgeao: (Epic and Ionic) avvOeo: (Attic) advOov.'Owoaaov, Epic and poetic for 6joaov, 1 aor. imperat. act. of O/uvV,& or b/evvw, " to swear;" fut. mid. b oigIzat: perf., with redupl., 4/zutuoca: 1 aor. 5yoaa. The future /udaeo belongs to the impure age. The common future b.uoiuat proceeds by a very anomalous inflection, as i. it were syncopated and contracted from b /iaoicoa, namely, 6yiaouat, btuiollat, btpoVluat.'H uiev, Epic and Ionic for' u/v, the two particles combined LINE 77. expressing a strong affirmation, " in very truth," &c. They are sometimes employed to introduce the very words of an oath or an assertion; at other times, as in the present case, they are used in the ol atio obliqua. HIpo6pov, ovor, 6, A, "willing," " ready," &c., often translated as an adverb, "readily," " willingly," &c. From 7rp6 and Spav, or opoveca and hence the literal meaning is, " with forward soul."'Eneatv, dat. plur. of droS, eor, r6, "a word." From a root urt, or rather, Fexr, which recurs in ei1rov.-Consult line 64. Xepaiv, dat. plur. of Xeip, XEtpi6, j, r" the hand."'Ap/:etv, fut. inf. act. of ap2yw, " to assist," " to aid," &c.; fut. (o. -Akin to Uipseoi, ipvieco, arceo, arx, area. (Pott, Elytool. Forsch., vol i., p. 271.)'H. A strengthening and confirming particle, "in truA/i," INE 78i., indeed," "truly," "v erily," &c. Otopat, Epic for olopat, deponent verb, " to think," "to be of opinion," &c. Radical signification, "to fancy," "to suppose," always of something as yet doubtful; "to think and believe," as opposed to knowing: fut. oijaooap: 1 aor.'4nOyv. Xo2aite'v, Epic, Doric, and _Eolic for xotS'aetv, fut. inf. act. of xoa6w, " to make angry," " to incense," &c.; literally, " to stir one's gall or bile;" from Xo6oc, "gall," "bile:" fut. earo. —The original teimination of the infinitive was pevat, and with the mood-vowel, i4Cevat. This was sometimes shortened into'pev (i. e., i/ev), and sometimes into vat. (Kuhner, ~ 123, 2L) MWya, neuter sing. of/ peyar, taken adverbially. Consult note, ane also remarks on yaE.[ov, line 167 HIOMERIC GLOSSARY. 48, Line 79 —81. Apye>.v, gen. plur. of'Apyelog, or, 6, "an Argive," i. e., a. subject of the Argive kingdom of Agamemnon; and as these formed the main part of the army before Troy, hence a Greek generally. Consult note on'Axazonf, line 2. K)areeL, Epic and Ionic for Kparei, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of Kpato, " to rule over," " to hold under one's sway;" fut. Kpar-a(oo: perf. KeKplar7lKa.-From ipcprog. Consult remarks on icparepov, line 25. O0, dative plural of the personal pronoun of the third person. Consult line 72. lTeRiovtait, 3 plur. pres. indic. mid. of 7retow, "to persuade;" in the middle, 7'egiOocat, "- to obey."-Consult line 33. Kpeiaarov, ov, gen. ovos, " more powerful," " stronger,'. mightier," &c.; later Ionic cpEioaov, ov; later Attic cpeirrcov, ov. Usually called an irregular comparative of ayaeo6: but KpaTZr, from Kcpdaro, must be reckoned as the root, as if the comparative were icpaicaaov, the superlative pdraTtaTO being regularly akin also to tpeiorw, KpEiovUa. X(aerat, regarded by some as the 3 sing. fut. indic. of the middle deponent Xdjo/at, " to be incensed," " to be enraged at;" fut. XJaolae: I aor.,yoauio7av. Others, however, take it for the 3 sing. 1 aor. sub-,unct., with the shortened mood-vowel, for Xar'q-rat. The lattet opinion is the preferable one. Xipfiz, dat.. sing. of XRips, which is commonly regarded as an old oositive, furnishihng-the irregular comparatives Xc.pwo and XepeiOv tc Kaco6r. But in all the passages that occur in Homer, the word seems to have a comparative signification, and no real example with a positive signification can be here found, notwithstanding the, opinion ol Buttmann (Ausf. Spr., vol. i., p. 273). In all probability, therefore, it was really a comparative in:signification from the first, and was originally the same as Xeiptzo, VroXEcotolo, " inferior," "'subordinate," "subject" to another. Elrrep, "if, indeed." Moreliterally, "if, at all events." Used LINE 81. also like Kai ei, "evern if,"' as, for-example, in the present passage. X6dov, accus. sing. of X6ac f, ov,';,' W rath," " anger;" literally, "gall," "bile." Avdrl/ap, adverb, "on the se f-same day," "for the self-same day.' Equivalent to avbOiecpcv.-From avr6o and vilap, "day." Kararr'a;, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Karaalreuo, " to boil down,' " to digest thoroughly," " to digest," " to keep under," " to restrain,' Ao; fut. AaoEaorbo. —From'Kart, " down," and frrraoj, "to boil" - 48i HOMERIC GLOSSARV.Tine 81-85. Observe that all the tenses formed from roao, namely, -~ qMo, pen pass. 7rlereulat, &c., have the ir, and that the present ritrruw, wllic'i approaches nearer to those tenses, occurs first in the writers pos. terior to Homer. (Buttmann, Lexil., p. 127, ed. Fish!.) Mer6ortaOev. Adverb. 1. Of place, "from behind," "be. hind," " backward," " back."-2. Of time, i" after," " aftePt ward," " for the time to come," &c. Used also with tne genitive, " be zhind," in the sense of the Latin post. (II., ix., 504.) K6rov, ace. sing. of K6ror, ov, 6, "secret resentment,' "grudge,' &c.-The idea implied in K6rog is that of secret wrath, boiling fiercely within one's bosom, but as yet pent up and without an outlet. Pott, accordingly, compares the Sanscrit kw-athita, "coctus;" k5tha, " churning," and the Gothic hvatho, " foam." OQpa. Adverb of time, and equivalent to the Latin donec, "until."-At other times a conjunction, marking end or intention, but only used in the Ionic and Doric poets, "that," "in order that." Tecgaap, Epic for lreEsap, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of t.e;R, ", to brinm about," " to complete," " to fulfill," &c.; fut. e~rvc, (): more Attic vTeux: perf. rerteK2La: I aor. -tr reaa. A streng:thened Epic variety is reaeson.-From e'0;o f, "an end accomplished." - rhOeractv, Epic for arvOeatv, dat. plur. of ari0oo, eog, r6, LINE 83. "the breast." Used by Homer in both sing. and plur.Probably from iar7yue, as referring to that which stands tup.'Eoian, Epic and Ionic for okg, dat. plur. of br6, eii, o',, Epic and:onic for or, a, ov, possessive pronoun, " his, her," &c.'1pd'at, 2 sing. I aor. imper. mid. of /pa'w, "to speak;" in the middle, "to consider" (consult note): fut. qiptio: 1 aor. Eqpdaa. I aor. mid. 4qpaatcalov: 2 aor. act. NEptdov. lajaectc, 2 sing. fut. of aa6o, "to save:" fut. aaSao: 1 aor. eadowa. The present is not found in Homer, except in the contracted form ari,. —From caoct, aec, "safe."''A7raert66ytev-r, pres. part. of the middle deponent adrayee LI.x 84. 6ouatl, " to answer," "to reply;"- fut. -ottat. - The simple nerb de/fi6o means, properly, "to change," " to exchange." In the middle, " to change one with anol:er," "to do in turn or alternately;" said especially of dialogues, and hence, "to answer," ",to reply,", &c., as in the compound, where c67ro merely strengthens the meaning. HIporifp, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of rp6o'rtte, "to speak to," " to address." —From xrpo' and Squpti. Oapa Iaa', I aor. part. act. of 6apa&C'"to be of good cour. a["NE 85. "to take courae ft.. te e Attic, age," "to take courage;" far. fr. the new Attie. HOMERIC GLOSSARY 1S:;. Line 85-88. #at}e'w. —From 9idpaos, "courage,"' confidencc," &c. —Akil co tne English dare, through the old German tharren, tharen, there-n with which we may compare the Sanscrit dhars, "to venture," "to blave." Elire, 2 sing. 2 aor. imperat., from eZirov. (Consult line 64.) Oenarp6rtov, ace. sing. of Feorp67rc)v, ov, r6, "a heavenly sign," "an oracle," &c. From &Se6f, " a god,'" and- pE-7r, 1" to send a sign."' GOollsult note, and Buttmann, Lexil., vol. i., p. 19.) Ol )oa, 2 pers. sing. 2 perf. of ed&s, "to see:" 2 perf. odia, "1 keiW" (i. e., I have seen and observed, and therefore I know). The form olaOa is made up of old and the Doric ending ada, and then, according to the general rule, the a of the ending is thrown out, and the 6 changed into a. (Kuihner, ~ 239, Anm., 3.) Bopp considers the Greek suffix -a (or cada) as akin to the Sanscrit tha or dha, with which we may compare the English pronoun of the second person,' thou." Md. A particle used in strong protestations and oaths, LIr 86. followed by the accusative of the deity or thing appealed to; in itself neither affirmative nor negative, but made so by some word added to it, as vat, ov,, &c., or, in Attic, merely by the context: " By," "I swear by," &c.-According to Donaldson, uc/ contains the element of the first personal pronoun; it bears the same relation to ue-rd that Ki or iev does to ica-rd, and signifies "with," or "by," which is our preposition for expressing an oath: the leading idea is that of absolute nearness to the subject. (New Cratylus, p. 253.)'"ere, or rTE, the dative singular of the relative or, i, i, joined with the particle rE. Kdaxcav, voc. sing. of KdaSXac, avroS, O, "Calchas." Consult line 69. LINE 87. E'X S/6evor. Consult line 43. AavaoZat, Epic and Ionic for Aavaolc, dat. plur. of Aava6i;. Con. suit note on line 42. Oeolr9oiriaf, ace. plur. of -&soirpoiria, a,, a term the same in effect as 9eo'7rpor.ov. Consult line 85.'AvaOaiveLt, 2 sing. pres. ind. act. of avabai',w, " to reveal." Lit-.rally, "l' show up;" fut. dvaoavfi: 1 aor. eavEifg a.-In the middle. ivacaiveaat, "to come to light," " to appear plainly." Oifrfs, neut. oZt': gen. ovrlvo', &c. "No one," " nobody:" N 88neut. " nothing." Answers to the Latin ne-ullus, nullus;-. From od and rt'.'E/seiU, Epic and Ionic for EioV, gen. of ey,. Z'vr,-), gen. sing. pres part. act of (dc,'1 to ri- E fut. Uao. pert 1!1 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 88-92.?KadJ The fut.re,. aorist (Eia), and perfect are rare, these tenses being supplied in gcod Attic writers by pt6to. Homer always uses the Ionic'o. —Compare the Sanscrit jiv, "to live," 4 and j changing; and so, perhaps, also akin to viv-ere, &c. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 265.) X6oVi, dat. sing. of x6jv, ovo6, j, "the earth," "ground."-Akin to auali, humi, &c. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 142.) zAepso/civoto, Epic and Ionic for 6epico#vov: gen. sing. pres. part. mid. of the deponent dEpicouac (for the active present cdipec only occurs in the grammarians), "to see," "' to look." Strictly speaking, used not merely of sight, but of sharp sight, perf., with present signification, &d6opca: 2 aor pitiKcov: also in passive form Esdpcicyv and id~tpXg0v; all in an active signification. Homer uses only part. depKc 6evor: imperf.. &PICEaCKETr, with aorist MEpSicov and perfect.rile Sanscrit root is dric, "to see," which we may compare with 5paK in EMpacov. LINE 89. Koi2 T, Epic for Koi[atc. Compare icoiRpatv, in line 26. Bapeia~, ace. plur. fem. of /3apg, ea,,, "heavy," &c. - Compare the Sanscrit guru, Latin gravis, with which/ lapv' becomes akin, on the supposition that the g has been supplanted by P. So the Latin'bru-tum," respecting which Festus remarks, " brutum antiqui gravem dicebant."'EIroiaet, 3 sing. fut. act. of ETrtippo, " to bring upon," "to lay upon, &c.: fut. hroiaco. zvFlrvrcov, gen. plur. masc. of aovuraf, aJn'rdaa, cavu'rav lNE. 90.," all together," " all at once," &c. Ehrroy, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. ect. of eldrov. Consult line 64. LINE 91.'Or. Relative pronoun, b6, V, 6. "Who, which," &t. -Hoao6v, ace. sing. neut. of the adjective 7roUZ6Sr, y, 6v: Epic and [onic for 7rov'C, Wro92LR, 7roXv, taken adverbially. (Consult note.) E -xerat, 3 sing. pres. indic. mid. of the deponent etxoloat. (Conult line 43.) 1. "to pray;" 2. "to vow." 3. From the signification of vowing or pledging we have in gen. " to speak confidently, proudly of one's self," " to boast;" not necessarily, however, of empty boasting, bult usually of something which one knows to be mattei of glory, ar.d claims as such: hence, often little more than "to pos. sess," "' to maintain." L 9 paaroe, for Eidpeacre, the augment being dropped, 3 sing INE 92. 1 aor. indic. act. of Oapaic. Consult line 85. Hv$a, 3 sing. imperf. indic~. act. of avCdo, "' to speak," " to saw;. fut coaw' Attic aao.-Fror.x a627, "' a voice." -fOMEaRIC GlOSSARY. 491 Line 92-98. Aav',wiv, ov, gcn. ovoa, "blameless,' "irreproachable.;' An Hornet ie epithet, given to all men and women distinguished by rank, ex. ploits, or beauty, yet without any moral reference; so that, in Od.. i, 29, it is given even to AEgisthus.-From a, przv., and PtUotGo:'blame," which, by an _Eolic change, becomes,uO/zo, just as Xerivq Decomes XeXivyv. LINE 93. E'Xcobw. Consult line 65.'Apq-r-pos, gen. sing. of jp1r7ip, "a priest."-Consult hlne I,INE 94. 11.'HriuFtae, 3 sing. 1 -nor. indic. act. of 1rtpq1i, "to treat with indig"iry," " to insult:" fat. irtlz.acj: 1 aor. -7ri/yanca.-Frorn a, priv., and rt/uo. Aw7rEvoe, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of e-lr6vi, " to release,",INE 95. " to free:" fut. doa. —From ir6o and iv&o. vdyarpa. Consult line 13. Arred6faro, 3 sing. I aor. indic. middle of the deponent &ro6dxouaat, "to receive,". "to take." Ionic &WroKio/zat: fut. Ero(Efofat: 1 aor. mid. a'rede6LajuVv: perf. worodde7yFat. Awrotva. Consult line 13.'IToveca, for roV eveeca, z. e., orot70V EYeKa, "on this at LtNE 96. count."'E&oKEv, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of didwetu, " to inflict-;" litera ty, to give; filt. &da6u: I aor. toia: perf. diEoKa.-From the root.o, which appears in the derivative forms, as also in the Latin do, &Ce.'EKic66~ooS, "the far-darting one," an epithet of Apollo, and taken substantively. Consult line 21, where it occurs as an adjective. "Ert, adverb, 1. Of the future, " yet," "yet longer," " still." 2. 01 the present, " yet," " as yet."-Compare the Sanscrit ati, " beyond," "moreover," " besides." (Pott, Etym. Forsch., vol. ii., p. 315.) A6ace, 3 sing. fiut. of didw/zt, adcw, &e. LINE 97. TIpiv....rph. Consult note. AojLo~o, Epic and Ionic for 2toqloi, gen. sing. of Rotuso. Consult ine 61. Bapetag. Consult line 89.'ApEfee, 3 sing. fut. act. of a&rwX.e, "to keep away," "to hold off," kec.; fut. dtfio. —From cro and &XA. E i2~, dat. sing. of OiXoc, 7?, ov, used, according to the cus tom of the Epic poets, &c., in place of the possessive pro. ioun, " her." Consult line 20. tAJuevat, Epic, Dlric, and,.Eolic for 6o~vat, 2 aor. inf. rct. of d& 492 n JMERIC GLOSSARY, Line 98-102. dcut, "to give," &c.; another Epic form is dJ6uet Consult elnaia under XOAoavue,,, line 78.'E.AIcKWrC6a, accus. sing. of lr'2KCrt', tdo, 4, "of quick-rolling eye." Feminine form of E2Wiclp,,.wnro. (Consult note.)-From 1i2eaco, " to roll," and -cop, " the eye." Kovp7v, Epic and Ionic for IcdpTl, ace. sing. of Kodpy7, AdC, 4, AttiO iedpV, Ar, 4, "a maiden," " a girl," answering to the Latin puella.The root of Kidp#, " a maiden," and tc6por, " a young man," is the same with that found in Kipog, " satiety," " abundance;" namely, Kop, the idea of "fullness," " healthy development of frame;" naturally entering into our notion of a full-grown youth or maiden. The root cop itself appears to be an old Oriental appellation for the " sun," the source of all growth and abundance. (Donaldson, New Cratylus, p. 415.)'Awrpairypv, adverb (not accus. fem. of arpiaro0), " without I price,"'; without purchase-money, or ransom."-From a, vriv., and 7rpia/ate,'"-to purchase." The more analogical form would be 7wrptLdnBv. (Consult Buttmann, Lexil., p. 162, ed. Fishl.)'Avrrotvov, neuter of the adjective vdi7rowvo, ov, taken adverbi ally; "without ransom."-From a, priv., and (ifrotva, " a ransom." -Ayetv, pres. infin. act. of iyco, "to conduct," "to lead," &c.'Iep'v, accus. sing. fem. of lepo', 9', 6v, Epic and Ionic for IepoC, u, 6v, " sacred."-The derivation given by Hemsterhuis is not satisfactory; namely, from iZyt, " to send forth," in allusion, originally, to a sacred victim allowed to roam at freedom (e7ro0) until the time for sacrificing it arrived.'EtKar7'/6ev. Consult line 65. LINE 100. XPVrpV. Consult line 37. KEi, Epic and Ionic for iv.'12abaredEvot, Epic for it'a(lEuvot, nom. plur. masc. 1 aor. part. or middle deponent i2tcricoyat, rarely iXlUootaC, " to propitiate;" fut. i.a ao/pat: I aor. i.aad/rlv. —From i;aof, " propitious," " soothed," "'ap peased." IIE7riOoCyev, 1 plur., Epic reduplicated, 2 aor. opt. act. of 7rrel0f, "te persuade;" fut. 7rerw: 2 aor. l' df9ov, with Epic reduplication, rni(tlOov.' LINE 101.'ETero Consult line 48. LINE 102.'ITIpO, ooi, O, " a hero." Consult line 4. EVpvKpei(Jov, ovog, o, "wide-ruling," a constant epithet of Agamemnon in Homer.-From espv', neuter of e6vrn5, taken adverbially, and Kpeio. " to rule." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 493 Line 103-105. AXviu'vor, prcs. part. of the rTiddle deponent dXvvpas, LNE 103. to be deeply troubled." Used only in the present and inlpeifect.-From hXog, "pain," " distress," " trouble." Compare the Sanscrit agkan, and the English ache. Mgveod, gen. sing. of uivoc, oCo, 7T6, " anoer." Literally, force or VS,7Trzgth, in active exercise. I. As applied to the body, force or stre-ngth, as shown in quick movement and exertion. 2. As applied to the mind, denoting force or strength of soul, as acting on the body, and giving rise to bold or passionate exertion; hence, usually in Homer, " spirit," "w uarlike rage," " ardor," "passion," "wrath,'' &c. —Compare the Sanscrit manas, "spirit," &c. Miya, neut. sing. of the adjective fiyag, taken adverbially, " greaiFpEves, nom. plur. of obp'v, OpevdS, 7, "the diaphragm." Consult remarks on.peac, line 55'ALtulk';Xatavat, nom. plur. fem. of (i[[py0;[ic,,atva, i2aa, v, " black all around."-From atcei and /Ei;ac. (Consult note.) Li litjravro, Epic for 1'riftz7r2avro, the augment being drop. ped, 3 plur. imperf. ind. pass. of 7ri'e7rwupt, "to fill;" fut ra~c ~: 1 aor. Eir0/a1a.-Lengthened from the root 7rXe, 7r;a~, which appears in rXedo', "full," rA7icao, &c.-Cormpare the Sanscrit pul, "to heap up.".(Pott, Etym. Forsch., i., p. 364.-Eichhoff, Vergleich, p. 239.) "Oaae, nom. dual neut., from a supposed nominative 0aao, EoS, t6, "an eye." The nom. and ace. dual frequently occur in Homer, who however, adds the adjective plural (II., xiii., 435, 616). At a later period, a gen. plur. was formed for it, as if of the second declension, saruvc (Hes., Th., 826), also a dative oaOlet, o6aotat. In the singular, Eustathius cites a dat. baaet, whence grammarians assume a double nominative rO baoog and o o6oo', which, however, do not really occur.-Pott connects 6oaa with the Sanscrit root iksh, " to see," and regards the an as arising from assimilation, the primitive form having been wOare, with which we may compare the Servian otshi, " the t)yes." (Etymol. Forsch., p. 269.) A aurerdo6vrt, Epic lengthened form for Xa/UererSvrz, dat. sing. pres. fart. act. of tap,.e57dw, "to shine brightly," "to blaze."-From aEsrsW;lo shine."'ElrKcv, Epic syncopated form for EyiceirTv, 3 dual, pluperf. indic. of SLKO, "to be like;" an assumed present for the 2 perf. COtKa, " I air like;" pluperf. EiKEtv, " I was like." Compare line 47. Kd2xavTa, acc. of Kd2xa', avT'g, c, " Calchas." Consult LINE 105. li T T 4 9)4 HOMERIC GLOSSA.RY. Line 105-111. lIp7iara. "Ftz si f all." Ace. plur. neut. of 7rpJ6rtarof a, a taken adverbially. KaXc. " Sternly,"'with ezil look." Ace. plur. neut. of' xaA9s, bv, taken adverbially.'Oaaoyuevot, pres. part. of deponent $aao/oat, " to eye," " to look at,"; &c. Only used in the present and imperfect, without augment.From oaae, in relation to which consult line 104. Maivrt, voc. sing. of uafvrtr, Ionic gen. lto, Attic esO, 6, LINE 106. 9" a diviner," " a soothsayer." Consult line 62. l.t'rrore. 1" Ever as yet." Compound adverb, from nr6 "as yet," and 7rorE, " ever." Kplyvov, neut. accus. sing. of IcpViyvof, ov, "good," "useful," "pleasing," &c. Buttmann thinks it probable that this term is de. rived, by an Ionicism, from Xp5Oaat, XpV7atlof. L2 07 a, nom. plur. neut. of i2oft, Ar, ov, " dear." (Consult LINE 107. note.) Spear. Consult line 55. MavreveeOat, pres. inf. of the middle deponent,zavrevofuat, "Bto predict'" fut. ao/uas. From Vcivrst, "a diviner," " a predicter."'EaOR26v, ace. sing. neut. of Ia;6Qc, a, ov, "favorable," [,INE 108. "good." Equivalent to aya06g, and a term used merely in poetry.-According to Hermann, the root was 0;6o',0 akin to the German edel, "noble," &c. Both, perhaps, may be traced to the Sanscrit Udh, " to increase."'Ere2ecaana, Epic for Erie2eaac, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Treot, "to do," "to accomplish;" fut. regano: perf. ret —i.eKca.-From rTLof Consult line 82. OEolrporriov, pres. part. of OeoTrporiEw, "to reveal signa LINE 109.'from on high."-From eo'p6orroc. Consult line 85.'AyopeVietf, 2. sing. pres. ind. act. of ayIopedo, "to harangue," "to told forth;" fut. eawo. —From Uiyopd, " a public assembly." L.NE 10.:0btv. Consult line 73. Te6i~,, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of -retXS, " to inflict."; More literally, " to make," " to bring about;" fut. revJSo: perf. rirevxa: I aor t-reva. —Nearly akin to rvyXdvwo, the notion implied in which has grown out of the passive perfect of treYwo: hence, in Epic the passive forms i-irvyyLas, irEr-y,/yv, ErV'XOyr, are substantially the same with rvy'Tavu, 7rvxov: and the active perfect rirevxa, when taken intransitively, is used exactly like rvyx ivo: farther, tE XEtv is mani. festly akin to ri7tsO: German zeugen,' to produce," " to beget." LINE I I 1. OiveRa' Because." TI e antecedent rotetca omitted HO MIERIC GLOSSARY 495 Line 111-115. Xpvaltjoc, gen. sing. of Xpvanitc, f6o, j, " Chrys.es;" mot z liter ally, " the daughter of Chryses." A female patronymic, fi om Xir aO, o0, 6, " Chryses." The real name of the female in question was Astynome.'AyTaau. Consult line 23.'Et0erov, Epic for'O0eov, the augment being dropped, a LINE 112. plur. imperf. ind. act. of E02oj, " to be willing," &c.; fut EOEXbao: 1 aor.'0irtaya.-Observe that E0e2.ov here can not be made the imperfect of 0i2co, with the augment, because the shorter form i2AXo never occurs in Homer or the other Epic writers. AEfaaOat, I aor. inf. mid. of the deponent dXo/jat, "to receive." Consult line 20. Bovdo,uat, 1 sing. pres. ind. of deponent 3flo6Xouat, " to wish." Consult line 67. OicKO. "At home," " at my home." Adverb. In reality, however, the old locative or dative case of olcof, the later form of the case being oaKr. K2Lvraiuvnarpsc, gen. sing of KXvrat/zvsgrpn, qc, d,, Epic and Ionic for K2vTrateuvjaTpa, ac, ni, "Clytlemnestra," wife of Agamemnon, and daughter of Tyndareus and Leda. llpo6ieovXa, 1 sing. 2 perf. of a supposed form 7rpo6ov62oylat, "to prefer,"." to wish rather," which, however, does not occur.-(Consult note.) Kovp6di~C, gen. sing. fem. of icovpit&of, p, OV, Epic and Ionic for tcovpidtor, a, ov, "wedded." An Ionic and poetic. term, the true force of which is shown by Buttmann (Lexil., s. v.), who refutes the ordinary explanation of'"youthful," "wedded in youth." The same grammarian, rejecting the common derivation of the term, namely, from,codpoc, icoipr, "a youth," "a maiden," hints at a connection with Kvptoc, " a lord or master;" cvpEZ,' "to obtain," and the German Heurath, " marriage." The same idea is car ried out by DIederlein, Lect. Hom., iii.,- p. 9.-(Consult note.)'AR6xov, gen. sing. of Ui~ooXo, ov, FE, "a wife," " te partner of a couch." From a copulative and R~XoC, " a couch."'E09v, Epic gen. sing. for so, which, again, is Epic for oh, "- of her," (i. e., to her, in the present passage), &c. Nom. wanting; gen. ov: dative of: acc. a', &c. (Consult note.) XEpeiuv, ov, gen. ovoc, Epic for xeipov, ov, ovog, "inferior," irreg:lar comparative to saK6c. Supposed to be formed from X Pwfr, but tonstlt remarks under XPplyt, line 80. EIN 115. A6auC, accus. sing. of 6.uac, r6. "person,"' - frame," &3 q96n HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Lzne 115-118. (Consult note.)-Used by Homer only in the accus sing, and rt mains indeclinable in later writers. —Observe that 6iPag, when op posed to aipa, means strictly the living body, and ao&pa, a colpse, though 6iFar itself is sometimes used in the latter signification.I'hc root is the same as that of deii, " to build," the idea involved being that of building up and developing the human frame. 4'Iv2v, accus. sing. of ov~, ~r,, "mnien," the natural air and caraiage. From 6cw. (Consult note.) Ti, accus. sing. neut. of the indefinite pronoun, 7if, Ti, "any," &c. Here it means " at all."'Epya, accus. plur. of Epyov, ov, 76, "work," "' accomplishment." With the digamma Fipyov, XEolic and Doric Fipyov (BMdckh, Corp. In script. Grcec. fasc., i., p. 29), with which forms compare the German weCrk and wark, and the English work. LINE 116.'EA;eo. Consult line 112. A6pEvat. Consult line 98.'Auetevov, nom. sing. neut. of dzeivwov, ov, "better,"'snore advan &tgeous." Irregular comparative of.aiyaO6r.-The original root has perhaps, been preserved in ameenus. Aaov, accus. sing. of Xao6c, oi, O, "the people." Consult line 10. o5or, accus. sing. of ao, ofcnu,, ovp, "safe." Epic shortened formn of acon. —We have also, in Homer, the form caid, contracted from the obsolete aoior, which last has been preserved only in the Homeric comparative ac7repoe. 4E/xuevat, Epic, Doric, and 2Eolic for eivat, pres. inf. of eiLu. Con ault remarks on Xo;cwaoiev, line 78.'Arro)iaOa, 2 aor. inf. mid. of'7ir6;X;)ptl, "to destroy;" middle eimr6"?, AV./xat, " to perish:" fut. ioroeaho: perf. ciir;6e~,a: Attic ai7rodL3aeaa: 2 aor. mid. reAo6,ui v. From ciuro' and 6;tAvzt. repay, accus. sing. of yipac, aoc, r6, never yipaC, aTog, O6. LINE 118. In the nom. plur. yipa, not ypara, i" a prize," "a gift of honor," such, especially, as chefis and princes received from the spoil before it was divided.-The r oot of the word may be traced in the Sanscrit gri, "to take," or "receive," and is one of common occurrence in all the languages of the Indo-Germanic family. (Do-eald. son, New Cratylus, p. 376.) AVTr[ca, "straightway." Adverb.-Buttmann (Lexil., s. v., eire, note 1) derives it from Trv avriqv ica. assuming an old word Id, eco' with the digamma Fiz, and col respondent to the Latin vice, vices.'Eroeuccaare, 2 pl ir. 1 aor. indic. act. of &rolLufo. "to prepare HOMERIC GIOSSARY. 49d Line 118-122. " to Aget rcad;: fut. dic.. —From ETroloc, "ready," prubatily aklli tt'O0pa. " In order that." Equivalent here to Ova. A conjunction, marking an end, &c. Consult line 82. Oi~o, oiyr, olov, " alone."-Akin to [ioS, ia, Epic for el, liea, " one,' and to the. Latin unus, of Which the earlier form was oinos, as appears from oinom for unum, which occurs in the inscription found in the tomb of the Scipios. y 1'AY 7paaro, o, "without a prize," from a priv., and yipac, " 19. a prize."'Eo, Epic and Ionic for a, 1 sing. pres. subj. of elui, "to be."'EoLKev, 3 sing. 2 perf. of the obsolete Ezeo, "to be'fitting." Literally, " to be like." Aetiaaere, 2 plur. pres. indic. of?edaaw, " to see," " to behold." Used by good writers only in the present and imperfect; the future A2Ecago, and 1 aor.!Xevaa, being very late, if not barbarous.-Akin to XviK., 1" light;" the Latin lucco and lax, luc-is, the Sanscrit 16k, " to look," or "' see," &c. "O. neuter of the relative, or, a, O, used foi lrTC, "that." (Matthze,. G. G., ~ 486, 3.-Kiihner, ~ 800, ed. Jelf.)'EpXerat, 3 sing. pres. indic. of ipXo ae, "to come," or "go;" fut. ieEviaotuat: perf. iX2O7LVi a: Epic E2ij~Zov0a, and so always in Homer: 2 aor.'2;Xov, but from Homer downward, and in Attic, more usually ijOov: Doric 0vOov.-The root of ipXopzat, namely, iPX, is akin to the Sanscrit arch, " to go."-The 2 aor., fut., and perf. belong to a root Eav9, or iesvO, but the Doric form of the 2 aor., name. ly, Ov61ov, with the digamma prefixed, Ftivov, shows a striking affin. ity to the old English verb "to wend," a tense of which, namely, " he went," &c., supplies a part of the verb " to go." AS2tS. (Consult note.)'Hyei7uero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of atyel6, " to change,' LINE. 121., to exchange;" in the middle, " to answer." Consult re-.narks on i7rqauettu6eviof, line 84. Iodipiccqr, sC, "swift-footed." Literally, "suffjicent or able with the Jee$.'," From rov'c and apKEs, "to suffice.1" 1Aof, d6a, 6dov, more rarely, of, ov. Literally, "from, sprung from. 5elonging to, or sacred to Jove." Then said, 1. Of goddesses, "divine,"'noble." 2. Of illustrious men or women, -"noble," "princely,"' high-born." —Contracted from the less common dtic., and this f'ror air, old stem of the genitive At6o of Ze-r. LINE 122.'A rpeild, vocat ive of'AroSE'6d-. Consult line 7. TT 2 499 HOMIERIC GLOSSARY.Line 122-126. K6J&,1re, voc. sing. of Ecvte70rof, y, ov, "must conspicuous fir stat i20n." Superlative of Kcv6p'S, c,, o (formed, in reality, from KSo0g, as aiaXyCai-o, from aixoc). Other meanings are, "most glorious,'' most honored," "nobi'est" 4t2LoKcreavcrvare, voc. sing. of ct2uotcreavwtraTof, "'most greedy,'' inost covetous." Superlative of oto rTavo, ov,, "loving possessions," flrom Oiot. and icKravov, " a possession." AMCrovot, 3 pluo fut. of di&out, " to give," " to bestow;" fut. LINEV 123. &,iai, &c. Consult line 96. MeyclOvIzot, nom. plur. masc. of seyciOvboS, ov, "high-souled." " great-hearted." From etyac and Svl,6C.. ov, enclitic advei b, " any where' —With the circumflex, LINE 124. 2roV, interrogative, "where?" WIp/Lev, 1 plur. syncopated form for oi6actev; 2 perf. of endo. Con suit line 70. (Matthice, G. G., 0 198, 3, vol. i., p. 444, of the German work.) ruvljta, nom. plur. neut. of ~vvior, 71, ov, Epic and Ionic for ~6veLot, uwhich, probably, no where occurs, " in common." From cvvoc, "c corn liorn," &c. KesiaEva, nom. plur. neut. pres. part. of KeTqzai, "to lie."' LINE 125. T&. (Consult note.) IHotulv, gen. plur. of 7ro2tf, Lot, io, Epic and Ionic for 7ro6;tc, ewo. "a city."'E7rpadOlev, 1 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of reip0o, "to sack," " to ra, Ngae," &c.; fut. 7ripae: 1 aor. irrepaa: 2 aor. enrpa0ov. In Homer the I aor. is more frequent.-BLuttnann traces an affinity between 7ripOc and rrp3Oo, " to burn," as plainly perceptible in the 2 aorist in'paOov, ind he instances a parallOe -ase in the old German bernen, "to burn," where a transposition of two letters connects it with brennen, hav ing the same signification. Other etymologists, however, make,ripOl akin to the Latin perdo. Adgaarat', 3 sing. perf. ik.. pass. of daiw, "to divide." The form o.:do, however, is merely assumed, since datCo takes its place in the active; and, besides, the middle daiotat is more frequently found in an active sense. Moreover, the 1 aor. Edatca, used in the sense of "tofeast," frfna Herodotus downward, though formed from daio, belongs, by strict analogs: to daivvtu. —The Sanscrit root is dd, "to cut off," hence J6aio, 6ato, gcn. dSacr6, dalvvyc, d6arpo6, dariopuat, and perhaps also akin to 6dTrro, and Latin dapes.'EnrsotKce, 3 sing. 2 perf. of the supposed form erretbo, 2 LgNE 126. perf. irEoltca, t,., e, "it is fitting." From eiri and tolca. Fonsiult remarks on bo1tucC, line 47. 11OM ERIC GLOSSARY ~ 499 Line 126-132. Ia)XZaoya, ace. plur. aeut. of rrati2oyog, ov, or, "athered back,"'collected back." More literally, "selected back." (Consult note.)From sratXt,, in Homeric Greek, "back," and ELywo, "to select."'EnrayeipeLv; pres. infin. act. of 1lrayeipo, "to heap up." Literally, "to gather upon." (Consult note.)-From ieri and ayeipw. Hp6ev, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. act. of 7rpovit, 1" to send on," LINE 127. "to -end forth)" or "forward," &c.; fut. 7rporio: 1 aor 7rp6oVra, in Homer also irpo7iyca: 2 aor.'rp6nrv.-From 7rp6 and 17/IL to send." Tptr-at), "threefold," used as an adverb, but, in reality, the dative sing. fem. of rpt-r'Yoo, T 7, or, contracted -rpLrLobg,'pcXr, rptcr'oiv. So rpt7r:z, here is contracted from rpt7r256,. TETpasrX, "fourfold," used as an adverb, but, in reality, the dat sing. fem. contracted for rerpa7r2So, of rerpawr6oo, y, ov, contracted Terpa7rLovf, re7pa1ar?.i, revrpa7r2ovv.'A7rortvoyelv, 1 plur. fut. indic. act. of irorTivo, "to recompense;" tit. ao(. From'aw6 and Trlvo. IIo0i, adverb of time, "ever." The corresponding prose form is rcor~. AL3at, Epic for d6, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of dioat, " to LINE 129. grant," " to give." The third person singular of the subiunctive has in the Epic language the termination at appended to the regular form; as, larTo for 7ar7, d3ac for (6. Tpoiv;, ace. sing. of Tpo[h, VS, Epic and Ionic for Tpoia, sa, 7/, " Troy," the city of Priam. EvreiXEov, act. sing. fern. of erEiXeoo, ov, "well-walled," "well-forts fled," an epithet of Troy. From eV and rveXoc, "a wall," " a rampart."'Efawa7ir6ai t, 1 aor. infin. act. of EiaRazrrwio, " to sack," " to storm;" hut.:t. From i~' and b2a7wra5to, " to empty," " to drain," and tnis last from a euphon., and Xawra6o, "to empty out," "to plunder." Kpeiov, oVror, 6,, " the ruler," said usually of kings and chiefs, but also of the gods. Ionic and poetic for Kp&Ev. -Akin to Icp6a, Kpatro, KptTrrov. Compare the Sanscrit kri, "facere." LINE 131. IIep, enclitic particle, "very." Consult note.'ErCv, Epic and Ionic for 6v, pres. part. of elvz, " to be." OeoeiKEae, voc. sing. of Oeei-tKcof, ov, "godlike." From &edr and ~ZKeRoc, "like-." -2 KXrrE, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of ctigirro, "to conceal;" LANE 132. fiut. c.ibCpo, or,- more usually, fut. mid. KXciotyac; pert KE',cofa.-The root is. Kcaer, which appears in X2i7ror, "a thing stolen," and in the Latin clep-ere. !00 HOMERIC GLOSSARIY. Line 132-136. N6oq, Epic and Ionic for rV, dat. sing. of vlor, v6ov, Attic votr, voti, 6, "i' mind," &c. The root v6o appears to be softened down from an earlier ane yv&), and from this last come 2 vsvat, ytyvSarco, Latin nosco, novi, &c. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 126.) Ilape-eviaeat, 2 sing. fut. ind. of 7rapipXo/uat, Ionic and Epic for.orpe2kedaet. Thus, filt. 7rape2lEvaoqat: 2 pers. (old form) 7rapeved6 aLt: (Ionic and Epic) 7rape2eXaeae: (Attic) 7rapee.6aeL.-" To overe reach.'" Literally, " to go by," " beside," or "' past," " to pass by." LINE 133.'H. - Interrogative particle. (Consult note.)'EXPr, 2 sing. pres. subj. of eX,0, " to have." Avrwo. "Thus." (Consult note.)'HaOat, pres. infin. of iLat, "I sit:" imperf. /r/v: imper. j.ao, 7a0cO, &c.: infin. Oat: part. 2ievof. - This verb, though here, in accordance with custom, regarded as a present, is, in fact, a regular perfect passive, from Eo, "'I seat," and signifies, when strictly considered, " I have been seated," or "placed," so that piryfv, in like manner, is a regular pluperfect passive. In the secondary force, I sit, am in a sitting posture, it differs, along with its compound icdOrluat, from Nojuat, KaOie'oatL, " I seat myself,"." take my seat." As the transition, however, from the perfect to the present signification is complete, the participle takes the accent, not on the penult (/edvoc), like the genuine perfect, but on the antepenult (7r/u/vog), like the present. Aev6,Evov, Epic for dedojEvov: pres. part. of dEVolzat, Epic for diouat: deponent pass., with fut. mid, " to want," "to need:" fut. detaonat: perf. 6dedj6 t: 1 aor. tEc6nYv. Kg2Xeat, Epic and Ionic for Ki;et e: 2 sing. pres. indic. of middle de. ponent KieLoycat, " to bid," " to urge," "' to exhort," "to command:" fut ice;tLaoyat: 2 aor. iKeeOL6,lv and t'ice-KVXiv. Poetic form for KCe2reVW. — Present ie2ojatc: 2 pers. (old form) ctCieaat: (Epic and Ionic) KEeat: (Attic) KElil.-Akin. to ic22Xea, " to urge on," " to drive on," and to the Latin cello, as appearing in percello and procella.'A7ro5o~vat, 2 aor. inf. act. of ariodoCdyt, the Epic form for which in rljJLze-vat. Consult line 98. Lxas 135.'AZXP' el /Iv, a. r. X. Compare line 123. 1,' 136.`ApaavrE', Epic and.Eolic, 1 aor. part. act of dpws, " to adapt," "to fit:" fut. (Epic and.Eolic) dpao: 1 aor. 7rpaa: 2 aor. pi6pov: 2 aor. inf. 4dppeiv, &c.: fut. Attic, aps.-Observe that dpeW, though here given, is, in fact, a present not in use It represents one of the most prolific Greek roots, the families lipioftJ, a(pr(iw, aprwt, apvdo, aioDo, dou6(t, aovvuat, springing imrlrnediately fir-u it.:1e i:o5tERIC GLOS.-xRY. 50I Line 137-140. radical signification being " to join," ".to fit," both transitive and irl. transitive. Ovzuov. Consult line 24.'AWrvtdov, nora. sing. neut. of cvrdLtoC, a, ov, "fully equivalent,' "worth just as much." From alVrt, denoting comparison, and S1to~, "of like worth," &c. Awoaiv, Epic lengthened form for d5ltv, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. act. of 6idsWee.'ELcqat, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of aepeo, " to take," "to seize:" tfit. aipcwt: perf.,p71ca: Ionic Jpai[pnyca: 2 aor. eiX2ov: 2 aor. mid. Ei'tA6/'v.-The root of atpEw is akin to the Sanscrit hri, "to seize," whence, also, we have Xeip, "a hand," and the old Latin hir, together with the English grip. Again, with the root OL)o, whence we'have,E/ov, tEeiv, &c., we may compare the Sanscrit radical al," to take," " to receive," &c. (Eichhoff, Vergleicihung, &c., p. 199.) TE6v, aCCus. sing. neut. from re6O, 0, 6v, Epic and Ion!l; LINE 138. for aSC, a', aov, "thy," "thine." Compare the Latin luus. Aiav7rog, gen. sing. of Alar, avrog, 6, " Ajax," son of Telamon, and half-brother of Teucer. He led the Grecian forces from Salamis.There was another Ajax in the Grecian army, the son of Oileus who commanded the troops of the Locri,'and was hence called the Locrian, as the former was styled the Telamonian.'I6vw, pres. part. of dle, "'to go."'06voa1oC, gen. sing.'of'Od6vave, "Ulysses," earlier form for'Ova LINE 139. vA )o, fuit. of Yuo, "to lead away:" fut. esk'EU2Mv, 2 aor. part. act. of alpiw, "to take," "to seize." Consult remarks under VEwplat, line 137. Kexo6T)aerat, 3 sing. 3 fut. pass. of Xo2~o, " to make angry," &c Consult note, and compare remarks on Xowoaagev, line 78.'IKcwpaet, I sing. 2 aor. subj. middle of the deponent eKvgoyat, " td come:" fut. 7topat: perf. iyyat: 2 aor. iKc6tov.-Lengthened form from aeo, which is the common form in Homer, who only uses. the present lKveotact twice (Od., ix., 128; xxiv., 339); but he often has the fiuture 7opalt,'&c.-Compare EKEtv, when digafmimated Fi'etv, with the Sanscrit wic, " intrare.". (Pott, Etymol. Forsch,, vol. i., p.' 268.) Merabpaca6ea6a, poetic for Iemrabpaac6tea, 1 plur. fut. LINE 140. mid. oft eracp6dupae, " to deliberate upon." Consult note. -Observe that the ending yeaOa., here called poetic, is used, not only by the Epic writers, hut also bv the Doric, Ionic. armi Attic 502 HOMERIC GLOSS ARY, Line 140-143. poets. It is, in fact. the original and stronger form. Kfiikner, 4 123, 15.) Airtt, Epic and Ionic for av_6L, again,"' hereafter." LINE 141.'Aye. Consult line 62. Nba, Epic and Ionic for vavv, from vOiiC, v76c', Epic and Ionic for vavc, vEtCS, /, " a ship." M.Xatvav, accus. sing. fem. of uiag, EiiXatva, i.iEav, " black." — Pott traces an affinity between /6uac and the Sanscrit mala, " sordes," "lntum."'Epvaaooev, Epic for kp'ia(opev, the mood-vowel being shortened, 1 plur. I aor. subj. act. of pvow, "to draw:" fut. epcxao: 1 aor. edpV ~a, &c. ARa, accus. sing. of r ir, v6, ", the sea." Often used in Ho. mer and the poets, rare in prose. Not to be confounded with &ca,i a4o', o, "salt." AZav, accus. sing. fem. of d6or, dia, diov, " boundless." Literally, "divine." Consult remarks on d6oc, line 121.'EpiEra, accus. plur. of ipir7g, or, 6o, "a rower," usually employed in the plural, by both Homer and the Attic writers.-From Epaao, " to row."'EMrrldEiC, "as many as are proper," adverb, occurring in this sense in Homer only. The post-Homeric writers, especially the Attics, write it as a proparoxyton, Ewiri7er, and employ it usually in the sense of " on purpose," " advisedly." Latin, consulto, de industria. Hence cunningly, deceitfully, &c.-Buttmann derives it from;,ri and rcideot, old form for rdde, "as is necessary for that thing," "for that very purpose." (Lexil., p. 299, ed. Fishl.)'Ayeipolzev, with shortened mood-vowel, Epic for dyeipoluev: 1 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of atyetip, " to collect," " to bring together;" fut. ayep6: 1 aor.' 7yetpa.'ETcart?6iv. Consult line 65. Oeiojuev, Epic for E'o/uev, and that for 9i~ev, the moodLINE 143. vowel being shortened: 1 plur. 2 aor. subj. act. of r7lOIpt, "to place," "to put;" fut. a'cor: perf. rEttEuca: 1 aor. EOyKa: 2 aor'Av. Old form for civci. Xp4vaida, accus. of Xpvuaz, i6o, Mo, " Chryssis." Consult line Ka2Letrdpov, accus. sing. fem. of rcag2tcirdppo., ov,',fair-cieeked,'' beautiful-cheeked." From,Ka46f, "fair," "beautifid,' and irapela Toni- for 7rap'ezt, " the cheek." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 50:3 Line 144-148. liaoyuev, with the shortened mood-vowel, Epic for pr/3iuw L ECV, 1 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. c f /Eo, "to cause to go:" fut. Dieao: l aor. e6deaa. (Consult note.) Elf, u ia, iv, "one." The root is iv, as appearing in the genitive bv-6o, and also in the Latin un-us; the EYnglish one, only (i. e., one.. ly); the Sanscrit demonstrative i-na (aina); the Gothic aina, &c ApXSd, or, o, "a commander." From au..i., "authority," &c. Bov2rqo6poC, oY,, "counsel-bearing," "counseling." Hence, dvOp Pov27Ln6pof,." a counsel-bearing man,"* " e ounselor."-From flov;, "counsel,"' and oepwo, " to bear." YEaru, 3 sing. pres. imper. of elui. LINE 145. Ala~. Consult line 138.'Idopuevef, Epic and Ionic iof and Eo~, Xttic &or, o, " Idomeneus," King of Crete, and leader of the Cretan forces against Troy. —O: his return home, he found his kingdom in. the hands of a usurper, and retired in consequence to Italy, where he founded a city on the coast of Calabria, which he called Sallentia. LINE 146. II2Xe[d&, voc. of Il~2eiSCn, ov, "Pelides." Consult line 1'Eirray67drare, voc. sing. of K'7ray260ra-, E, ov, "most formidable." Superlative of E.rayaor, on, " striking," " terrible." Consult note.'E(epyov, accus. sing. of'EKA..'-,yoC, ov, 6, "the far-work LINE 147. ing one." An epithet of Apollo. From iKaSf, "afar," and 1pyov. Compare remarks on'EiKe662?of, lm-.e 14.'I!aazvat, with shortened mood-vowel, Epic for ildaacat: 2 sing. 1 aor. subj. mid. of the deponent idaoCK0ojat, "to propitiate." (Consult line 100.)-Observe that iuodaeae is Epic for lbaps,; thus, 1 pers. 4oiaolyac a 2 (old form) i2iMavraat: (Epic and Ionic) i2'ciaat, or iia.a geat: (Attic)?auav.'Iepa, accus. plur. neut. of iep6r, 4, 6v, Epic and Ionic for iepo', 4, 1v, "sacred." (Consult note.)'PF:af, 1 aor. part. act. of Ptiw, "to perform," " to offer up:" furt t~:i: 1 aor. ZpeSa and PPeS~a. Of the passive, only the aor. infin tOeXwOvat is used.-According to Buttmann (Lexil., s. v. xa2vo'v6, 5), 6io, is the same word with spbd, being formed from it by the transposition of e and p. Be this as it may, the root ipd of pdso is plain ly akin to Epy in Ep7yO; just as 5i:o, wi-th its root PEy, shows an affinity to the English " wreak."'Tro66pa, poetic adverb of frequent occurrence in EY.omer, LINE 148. but always in the phrase 6irrodpa id6,',' having eyed sternly," "grimly," "gloomily." —Frorn VrhO6 aEmd 6paiK, the obsolete root of dspa9ov (2 aor of U6pKo), so that the original form Ivas probablr 5j04!IOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 148-153. odr661p4, aad the' was finally thrown away, as the Ki from 7iSva(Thzersch, G7. Gr., ~ 197, 2.) Lexicographers generally rega:d 9ir6 dpa4 as a later form of 7rr6oca, bu with evident incorrectness.'Avatdetyv, Epic and Ionic for avatdeial', accus. sing. ot 49 vatMeiy, /, fi; Epic and Ionic for avatdeia, ag, i, "shameressness.'" From u.vaut6S, "shameless," and this from the negative prefix aiv and aid&S, "sense of shame."'ErLettUtve, voc. sing. perf. part. pass. of in'tivv-tb/, Epic and Ionic form for iEpqvvVqt, " to put on another, as an additional or outer covering:" middle iTrLvvi atL, "to put on one's self, as an upper or outei garment," " to clothe one's self."-Observe that the form of the perf. part. pass., froin eiEvvqvt, would be heqt/eivor. Kepdaae60opov, voc. sing. of Ke06a6LeOptiv, ov,, "lusting after gain," " whose thoughts turn continually on gain." From icep6aXiog, "looking sharply after one's interests," and this from Kepdoc, "gain," and,pinV, opovto. LINE 150. TOt, Epic, Ionic, and Doric for aoi. Hpi6pov, ov, "w uith ready miznd," "readily," "willingly." Literat.y, "with forward soul." From 7rp6 and opp7v, Opovio. IEelyLrat, 3 sing. pres. subj. middle of,reNOw, " to persuade;"`mid. dile rrelOopat, "to obey."-Consult remarks under iwreaiero, line 33. -'E.Ofevat, Epic, Doric, and XEolic for DEOeZv, 2 aor. int.INE 151. aoo INE 51. act. of poa. Consult lines 78 and 120.'lt. Consult line 38. LINE 152.'Evetca, " on account of."'H1vOov, I sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of opxoleat. This is the unsyn-:opated form, common in Epic, rare in tragic poetry, whence i2Asos comes by syncope. AiXrlYTuwv, Epic for aiXlprfi7v, gen. plur. of atiXy7rcu ou, ob,, " a warrior." Literally, "a spearman." From aitXu7, "the point of a spear." Tpto(v, gen. plur. of Tpdg, Tpo'6, o, "a Trojan." Nom. plur. Trp~eF, Tpdwv, ol, " Trojans."-From Tpdg, Tpc6o',, " Tros," the mythic founder of Troy. Aedpo, " hither," an adverb of place.-In the Attic, espeIsNE 153. cially the tragic writers, an adverb of time also, "untig o," " Lp to this time." MaXa7arevof, fut. part. mid. of the deponent aXtotat, " i'o fight:" fut. maXqIaolsat. and aXicaaoltat. Epic and Ionic for pdxopas: fut. At. tie laXoomal ~ perf. pass. yequitXj7ia and e, utiXoeat: 1, aor Epic wua t1.(/72,...l.~a...~u HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 505 Ltne 15T;-156. artl, " not at all," accus. sing. neut. of ofltf. Ai7rtot, nom. plur. masc. of aIL-tof, a, ov, more larely sf, ov, " tr fault." From arTta, "blame," "fault." BoicS, accus. plur. of rovfi, f/3o6,,,, "cattle." Contract LINE 154. ed form for f36ac. The stem is BoS (iou, boy), which, with the appending of the gender-sign a, becomes po'SE (bav-s), and this, 3o0ii, answering to the Latin bos, in the genitive of which, namely, bbv-is, the digamma reappears. (Kiihner, S 272, 2.)-Akin to the Sanscrit g6, nom. gou, and through that with the English cow, the change of P into a g-sound, and vice versa, being very frequent in the cognate languages. Thus, [fapdv and gravis: favd in Corinna, and yvv7, &e. Htaaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of Ei2alvvw, "to drive away." Radical signification, "to set in motion," "to drive," more in bodily than mental relations, especially said of driving flocks: fut. 2Aaiac, Epic eiRacaac: 1 aor. 2oZaaa, poetic?Lcaaa, and UEaaaa.-From acito, and this akin to the Sanscrit il, "to arouse," "to set in motion."'Eichhof, Vergleichung, &c., p. 211.) "I'rrovc, accus. plur. of Zrrro-, ov, 6, "a horse."-Through the diarkctic fbrm KcKoc we trace its identity with the Sanscrit aeva (Latin equus).'The Persian esp also is between both. (Pott, Etymno Forsch., vol. ii., p. 256.) LINE 155. Iord, "ever." Enclitic particle of time 01iip, dat. sing. of Q)Oiv, VC,', Epic and Ionic for'0ia, aC, 11, Phthia," the native district of Achilles in Thessaly, forming part of the larger district of Phthiotis. According to Strabo, the district Of Phthiotis included all the southern part of Thessaly as far as Mount CEta and the Maliac Gulf.'Ept6i25aia, dat. sing. of ipt662oS aKfo, ao,',, "deep of soil." More Literally, with large clods of rich, loamy soil, which does not crumble away, like sand, under the plough; hence "fertile," "rich-soiled." -From Ept, intensive prefix, and [l!NaE, same as flt3co, "a clod of earth. " Bogrtavedp, dat. sing. of flravetap7p, Epic and Ionic for,owrLdvetpa, k, "nurse of heroes." More literally, "man-feeding." An epithet of fruitful countries; as, for example, Phthia. No such adjective as fiortcivetpor, ov, seems to have been used.-From PAwrtf, fem. ot 36irng, and this from Of6aicK, " to feed," and avip. Kapro'v, accus. sing. of Kcapnrdt-, oil, 6, "fruit,"'"produe. LSE 156. tions of the earth."-Perhaps from the same root as Itcpo, " to make dry," &c., and cdpoor. " any small dry body;" and hence, strictlv, that wlzch is dry, and so ripe. U u LOtW OM ERW1U' bLO SARt;A Y. Line 156-159.'EdrjX~;avro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. of the middle deponent Ji, PeapI "to injure," " to destroy:" fut. dn71aopa * 1 aor. id ar/iaU v: per? in a passive signif., &&E2XuuaL.-Akin to tne Sanscrit dal, " to hew,' "to cleave," &c. (Eichhoff, Vergleich., p. 205.) Merafz, "between." Radical signification, "in the midst." lUsed also of time, " during," " while."-From Lturd. Ovpea, Epic and Ionic for obpy, nom. plur. of obpor, cof, tr XINE 157. Epic and Ionic for opog, eog, r6, "a mountain."-Perhaps tiom the radical bpo, "to arouse," "to make to rise," and hence any thing rising up. O62aaaca. Consult line 34.'Hx'Eaaa, nom. sing. fem. of X7ec,- ecaa, ev, " loud-resounding," " loud-roaring." — From r7Xog, "a sound," " a noise," &c.'Avatdel, voc. sing. of ivatd'r, IE, " shameless." - From LINE 158. the negative prefix cv and aiSdc, "shame." "Aja, " together with," " along with."-Akin to the Sanscrit prepo. sition sam. (Donaldson, New Crat., p. 236.)'Ea6roteOa, 1 plur. 2 aor. indic. of the middle deponent rirolat, " ti follow;"iimperf. eir6nv: fut. Ei'oya: 2 aor. Eitord/unv.-The active Eiro, "to be about or with," belongs solely to the old poetry; only some compounds, especially &6rro and rcEptrlr, having established themselves in prose.-The deponent "irouatr is the Latin seq-uor, the letter s taking the place of the aspirate, as in XV%, sylva; and q that of p, as in,riropec (iEolic for r-EacapEc), quatuor.'O0pa, " in order that." Conjunction, marking the end or object in view. Xaipvg, 2 sing. pres. subj. act. of xaipw, "to rejoice,"" to be glad;' flt. Xap7ja~: 2 aor. cidpv: perf., with present signif., ieXfCdpnga the usual perfect being,EXcdprIyat. LINE 159. Tt7jv, accus. of rtui,, 6, i. (Consult note.)'App evoet, pres. part. of the deponent iipvvpuat, " to seek to gain,"'Ito gain by one's own exertions," "to acquire." Used only in the present and imperfect, and taking its other tenses from a'po/yac: fut. hpoucat. —A lengthened form of aipo, as Trrdpvtprat is of r-ratpo. MevecX2i, dat. sing. of MeviXaog, ov, 6, "Menelaus," brother ol Agamemnon, and King of Lacedremon.. He was the husband of Helen, whose abduction by Paris gave rise to the Trojan war. KvvC7ra, voc. sing. of iwcvvirT, av, or,, "dog-eyed," "dog-faced," a. e., shameless, impudent. The dog was with the ancients the type of shamelessness and effrontery. —From iKc.' a dog," and Al,, "look: r isage," &c tlOMEltrC GLOSSARY. 50W Line 160-164. Mera-rpinr-, 2 sing. pres. indic. middle of JCerarpirro, "ta LINE 16'). turn round." In the middle, ttE7TarpEroLaL, " to turn one's self round toward any thing," " to turn one's self and go after a thing," and hence " to regard," &c.; fut. polzat.-From terTa and 7peT(o.'A;ueyietc, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of D2eyr'o, " to care for," " to trouble one's self about a thing."-From aeigywu, " to trouble one's sel f." LINE 161. rvpaC. Consult line 118.'AoatppaEoOat, fut. infin. middle of daoaipeo, " to take away," "to bakefrom:" fut. 3am: fut. middle'aootat. From Homer downward, the middle is more frequent than the active. —From Ear6 and aioEa.'AnEetzEag, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of 4cre2Ebio, "to threaten:" fut ao. —The common notion is that of speaking loud, whence, with arre.)ib'Ou, it is referred to:'7rivw.'E Iytloa, 1 aor. indic. act. of oyeuo, "to toil:" fut. a. LINE 162. Fromn y6yog, "toil."-Only a poetic verb, the prose form being 7roveo.-The first syllable of p6y-oc shows an affinity to peiy ar, mag-nus, &c., the idea implied in yoy-og and pox-:0oc, especially the latter, being that of something great placed or Iaid upon one. A6aav, 3 plur. 2 nor. indic. act. for Edocav, the augment being dropped, from 6isjurt, "' to give:" fut. d&6ao: 1 aor. Edouca: 2 aor 6rwv: perf. disKa. Tier, Epic nom. plur., as from a stem vlf', A" a son:" gen. vio': dat. vJ: accus. vla: dual vie: plur., nom. vlef, &c. The Epic dialect also declines in another way as from a stem vledg: gen. voe6r: dat. uEir: accus. viia, &c.'Iaov, accus. sing. neut. of laor, V, cv, "equal to," "the LINE 163. same as. "-Observe that the e in this word is always long in Homer, but usually short among the Attics, with whom, there. fore, when it is so,'the accentuation is laoc, &c.'O 0-riTE, Epic for iTdre, "when."'EK7'rpavoat, 3 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of EicrrEpO(, " to sack." LINE 164. Consult line 19. Evvaetu'evov, accus. sing. neut. of ezvai:pevo~, 7, ov, "well-inhabit. ed," "' well-peopled." Properly an adjective, and not a participle. since we find no such verb as e6vaio or ervaiojat. —From eZ and aigo "to inhabit." nro2iEOpov, ov, or,, a city." In form a diminutive from Trr6btr (old form) for zr62rtf, but, in usage, equal in general to ri6Xet itself. In the present passage, however, it appears to indicate one of the iuferior cities of the land as contra-distinguished from the capital. lM I ERJI C(LOS5ARY. Line 165-168. [f3elov, accus. sing. neut. of reUiwv, 7re~ov, "the greater INE 165. (part)." Literally, "more." Comparative of wroi~., A" many." — Homer, like Hesiod, uses r2EieZov or 7rM2oiev, as his verse requires. In Attic prose, on the other hand, 7rr2eiov is far the most frequent; but in the neuter, 7rigov is more usual, especially as it aporoaches the adverbial signification. Io2veiaso, gen. sing. of qrolvaiiF,'Kof, "harassing." Literally "' with much collision." From 7roX2L and ieiaao, " to rush," " to dart," &e AEidrovae, 3 plur. pies. indic. act. of dreirw, "to dispatch." LINE 166. More literally, " to manage," " to be busied upon a thing:" fut. o. —From d6t and e7rrw. Consult line 158, remarks on ia7rroS7ev.'Atrdp, conjunction, "but," "yet,"" however," " nevertheless." Like the Latin at, it introduces an objection or correction, and always begins a sentence.-More frequent in poetry than in prose. The form adVrio is Epic only. Aaoye6z, o6, o', " a division," " a sharing of spoil."-From dae&o, "to divide." Consult remarks on decaacrat, line 125.'IKierat, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of hIEcvocat, " to come." Consult remarks on heeaOae, line 19. 167. M ov, nom. sing. neut. of /tcicojv, ov, irregular compara tive of jcyar. Homer and the Attics use uelCvo, ov, &c., but in Ionic prose we find fgCov, ov: Doric ucaoiv: Bceotian eacciao -The root juy-ao appears in Latin mag-nus, Sanscrit mah-at, Per sian mih or meah, German mach-t, English mickle, much, might, &c.'OXiyov, accus. sing. neut. of o62iyor, 2l, ov, ", small."-Akin to the Sanscrit laghu, and English light; and through laghu, with i2EaXC,y and the Latin levis. (Pott, Etymol. 1'orsch., vol. i., p. 87.) LINE 168. Near. Consult line 12.'Erw7v, Epic and Ionic for iErev "whenever." Contracted from 7rei and Ov, for dv. Kexacaw, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. act., with Epic reduplication, for cale, from ca/vuw, " to become weary," " to be tired or worn out." More literally, "to work," "to labor hard," and then "to work one's self weary;" fut. mid. icaovcpal, Epic taeuE'ocua: 2 aor. Ebuic/ov: perf. seiKtclica, which Homer mostly uses in the Epic participles EiceF/cjj~, KIqEt77jTrt, IeKrfIc7ja, but also iceiUcF6raS.-Pott connects Kic'vo with the Sanscrit ksham, " tolerare," "perpeti." HIoae/ifonv, pres. part. act. of the frequentative verb 7roeqeuio, " to, wage war," "to war:" fut. lao, Doric i:o, wvhich last's the only future used by Homer HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 50.9 Line 169-174. LINE J169. Ella. Present in a future sense. (Consult note.)'Obihv&e, "to Phthia." More literally, "Phthia-ward." Adverb, compounded of the accus. sing. of W0irV, Epic and Ionic fox SOia, an, the suffixd e denoting motion toward a place. Consult Excursus V., and also remarks on'0in, line 155.,IFprepov, nom. sing. neut. of ~tprepof, a, ov, " better," assigned as an irregular comparative to aEya0od: superlative ~lpraroc..-Fromn ipwo, likefortis from fero in Latin. LINE 170. OcKa6e. Consult line 19.'ILev, Epic for invac, pres. infin. of elut, "to go." Earliest forniyevae.-Consult remarks on Xo etX)ejwEv, line 78. Kopovlatv, dat. plur. of Kopovig, d6of, V, " oSbending-sterns." Hence, in a general sense, "curved," "bent," &c. In Homer always said of ships. (Consult note.) O0o. Consult line 59. YATuof, ov, "1 unhonored," "dishonored."-From a, przv., I[NE 171. and rq and i-lud.'EGcv, Epic and Ionic for Wiv, from eltyi, " to be."'A/evo~, r7, "abundance." Consult note.-According to the gram. marians, from 6roS, and evog or 9vor, "a year," and hence denoting " annual income," or " produce." Buttmann, however, condemns this etymology, and deduces the word from an old form edvdr, ela, v, of which, according to him, alpvetOS was a lengthened form. (Lcxil., p. 177, ed. Fishl.)'AovS6etv, fut. infin. act. of earvWao, "to obtain." Literally,' to draw," said, properly, of drawing liquids from a larger vessel by means of a smaller: fut. valEo(;: 1 aor. Vp6b6a, or, Epic and without augment, aiovaaa. —Middle, ivaaotoac, " to draw for one'& self." 2etye, 2 sing. pres. imper. of ev'y;o, " to flee," "to desert:' LINE 173. fuit. Qeboy/at, Doric and Attic mevfotupat: 2 perf. 7rmqevya: 2 aor. tpvyov. Later authors have also a so-called 2 fut. Fvyey. — Compare remarks under pv'yotzev, line 60. MaUa, adverb. " By all means." Literally, "very," very m uch," "exceedingly," &c. Toi, for Coi. Epic and Ionic.'Ereaosvrat, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. of'rtreVOe, "to set in motzio,' either against a person, or for the accomplishment of a certain object (i. e., toward any thing). Hence, " to incite," "to set on," &c.; perf. pass. er&'aacJzat: pluperf. EreauaVjuv, &c.-From Erl, "againstt,' or " taward," and aoeo, " to put in quick mot2on " to urge," &c. AaaoC{Cat, "to entrcat,' "to tesevch,' &c. Middle depo. LI.F 174. nent. ('onsult line 15. U u 2 5b 1 V HOMERIC GLOSSARY' Line 174-179. EIvexa, Epic arid Ionic for gveica.'E/zeio, Epic for uoi~, gen. of ayr. MWieev, pres. inf. act. of uivo, "to remntin:" fut. /euv(: perf. Aep. vwac: 2 perf. /gzova: 1 aor. lEuerva. The Epic and Ionic fut'lre is ueveo. -The 2 perf. zjeova occurs only once as a connection of uivo: every where else it has the meaning of "I desire strongly," "I long or yearn for," " I strive," &c., and conveys the idea of a steadfast, fixed purpose.-Compare with uevwo the Latin manco, &c. TylaovaLt, 3 plur. fut. act. of rtuhow, "' to honor:" fut. -rLjLINE 175. ao: 1 aor. iEriyvaa, &c. From Tr-tl. MeTriera, Epic and AEolic for pTlrET~rf, or, 6, "the counselor,' "the adviser." An epithet of Jove, equivalent, in effect, to " all-wise." — Formed from /OTSLC, " counsel," " advice," and this last akin to the Sanscrit mali, "thought," " counsel," with which compare the German muth. LINE 176.' taro, " most hateful," " most odious." Irreg. super LINE 176ative of MXOpic: comparative kxO'wv. —From tOoc, "haired," which Buttmann derives from'K, }i, KroSf, just as the original signification of hostis was a "stranger," one from without.'Eaai, Epic and Doric for elf or el, "thou art," 2 pers. sing. ol c zi. Strictly speaking,'aai is a Doric form, but it is of frequent occurrence in Homer. Atorpeqod'v, Epic and Ionic for dtorpe~pcv, gen. plur. of d&orpe0qg, "., "Jove-nurtured, " "cherished by Jove." (Consult note.)-From ZeVS, gen. Athc, anld rpio, " to nurture," &c. BaatX;uv, Epic and Ionic for 3ae2tvXew, gen. plur. of Paalt;ed~, "a king." LINE 177. Toi for coi.'Eptf, gen. tdoc, Ij, "strife." —Probably akin to the Sanscrit rush, Latin iras-ci. 178. Kaprep6g, as, 6v, another and perhaps earlier form of Kpa7rep6f, "powerful," " valiant." Commonly regarded as Epic and Ionic for sparepo6.-From msdproc, Epic and Ionic for Kpdror, with which compare the Ger.nan hart, and English hard.'Elvi. Consult line 176.,sg, Epic and Ionic for aaef, dat. plur. fern. of a6or, c,, v, INs 479.," thy," possessive pronoun of the second person.'Erpooltav, Epic and Ionic for IrapotS, dat. plur. of brapoS, or, 6, "a followeri" a companion." Epiu and Ionic for rTatpof, or, o6, same 8iguification.-Probably from MCo(, " custom," &c., or else from thi HOMERIC GL( SSARl. 51 Line 179-382. sgme rxot wvith this, and denoting one accustomed to be with an othei, and, therefore, sU?'e, trusty. M8vptlJ6Oveaotv, Epic and Ionic for Mvpyi/dorv, dat. plur. ol LINE 180. MvpJuzd&v, ovor,, "a Myrmidon.". In the plural Mvp/zt. Joven, I', "the Myrmidons," a warlike people of Thessaly, formerly in IEgina, the subjects of Peleus and Achilles. According to the fabulous account, /E acus, king of AEgina, having lost nearly all his subjects by a pestilence, prayed to Jupiter to repeople his kingdom, and the god accordingly changed a large number of ants, that were moving up the stem of an oak, into human beings. This new race, says the legend, were called Myrmidones, as having sprung Irom alnts (/Vp/lpKqef), a story founded merely upon the resemblance between the two terms Mvplu6&v and /uvp/eyj. Peleus, son of XEacus, having been banished by his father for having been accessory, along with Telamon, to the death of their brother Phocus, came to Thessaly, accompanied by a band of Myrmidons, and settled there. The truth is, how ever, that the Myrmidons were a part of the old Achman stem, and early settlers in the land, having come in from the north. Ava6aae, pres. imferat. of dvdaao, " to rule over:?" fut. Aw. From "vaf, 1 a king," &c..ZOev,; Epic, poetic, and Attic for aov, gen. of av, "thou." Con suit Excursus V., on the suffix &ev, and its genitive force.'A eyirO, "to regard," " to trouble one's self about a thing." Fre quentative form from atUyw, same signification. L 00ooyat, " to care for," "to take heed." Deponent verb. LINE 181. only used in the present and imperfect. The radical meaning of this verb appears to relate to shyness or timidity.'OouaL will then be akin to Oacoliae, or 0rrog/at, "to look at," &c., just as in German we have scheuen, " to be shy," and schauen, " to look;' and as a provincialism, moreover, the latter word is used instead of the former. Koriovrog, gen. sing. pres. pal;., of cKOTEO, "1 to be angry," " to bear one a grudge." The middle KorlotaC is also used, in the same sig nification with the active.-From KOTOc, 6"grudge," "rancor," "ill will."'Ar-eet1atn, 1 sing. fut. of a7rEXEiwO, "tu threaten.', (Consult line 161.) LJNYE 182. YE/le, emphatic form of the accus. of iye.'Anatpedrat, 3 sing. pies indic mid of l'uatpew, "to tale awoa" Consuilt line 1.61. 512 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 182-188. Xotu.iltda. Consult line 111.'Ay7, 1 sing pres. subjunctive (not indicative) o6 Gy, (Consult note.) Bptan'da, accus. sing. of Bp o,:t, Jdo~, a, "Brzseis." Literally, " the daughter of Briseus." A female patronymic from Bptaerf, Epic gen. ieo, for Ea, I,' Briseus,' according to some a king of the Lelegen, in Pedasus, a city of Troas; more correctly, however, a priest inl Lyrnessus. Kalttapov. Consult line 143. Kataciv6e, "to thy tent." Adverb, compounded of the L:,:NE 185. accus. of La, C7 1q,',, Epic and Ionic for iatsla, aS, "a, "a teAt," and the suffix 6e denoting motion toward. Consult, as regards the true force of Kitaia, the remarks on IOtaair, line 306. LINEIm186.'Oaaov, Epio for -oiov, " how much," accus. neut. of ioo', V,, ov, taken adverbially. Ik4pTepoC. Consult line 169. ZlOev. Consult line 180. I:ruyisp, Epic for orvyo, 3 sing. pres subj. act of rv7y'{o, "to hate," "to dreadl;" fut. hot. Lengthened from a ro~ot arvy,'whence the derivative tenses used by Ili,ller are formed; namely, 1 aor. lE rvfa: 2 aor. uraTyov, &e LINE 187.'loea. Consult line 163.?aciOat, pres. infin. middle of r/uiG, "to say," " to declare."-Middle Odipat, "to call one's self," &c. (Consult line 33.)'Oeot0uo/evat, Epic, Doric, and.Eolic for t#ot)oOr1vat, 1 aor. inf pass., with a middle signification, from Mpot6o, "to make like,"' i o liken," " to compare;" fut. 6/Lotucao. Middle teotLo'oual, "to liken one's self," i. to compare one's self unto another."-From i6ootor, "alike."'Avrtyv, " openly," adverb. More literally, "face to face, "in front," " over against."-From avrT'. 4IerTO, Epic and Ionic for ~Earo, the augment being dropped, LINE 188. 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of 07,ui, " to speak." Middle squa:' imperf. Ec/'Ouv, Epic and Ionic u/ynv. II7aiove, dat. sing. of II2.Eicov, eoWog, 6, "the son of Peleus." Poetic form of patronymic in place of the more usual IIvyeidv2C. (Conult line 1.)'AXor, eoC, rO, "indignant gruef." Consult remarks on dXvivevor, line 103. rivero, Epic and Ionic for iyivero, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of ylvoluat. O', "unto him," i. e., " his," dat. sing. of the pronoun of the third ersor,: norm (wanting): gen. ov: dat. o2, &c. (Consult line 72) HOktRIC GLOSSARK 513 Lzne 188-193.'Hiop, r6, "the heart." In Homer always in the nominative mn accusative; but the dative?ropL occurs in Simonides (7, 7).-From.I., xxi., 386, Evi Qpeci 5viior clrro, it has been inferred that srop has 1tu1 for its root, and so, like animus and anima, strictly denotes the breath. YTrjOeaatV, Epic for arCOcatv, dat. plur. of arOor'v,eoe, to, LI'NE 189. ", the breast." —Probably from tar/zt, " that whichstands up." Aaciotat, Epic and Ionic for-Raaiots, dat. plur. neut. of aiatos, ta, wov, "hairy." (Consult note.)-Probably akin to latva, xialva, and Latin lana and leena. AtaivdXa, " two ways." Adverb, from gde, dvd, and 6iXa, " in two,' "asunder." MEP/nptfev, Epic and Ionic for 1E1epjptSev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of peppgrepii,, " to meditate," " to ponder." More literally,' to be full of cares;" fut. go.-From uzppfc'pa, af, ", collateral form of eiptqlva.. "care," "trouble," and this from yppjepog, ov, "care-laden," which last is probably connected with,uepilo, " to divide," and jE'por. E 190. yavov, or, ro, "a sword."-Said to be changed from IN 190 dyavov, and to come from ofaqo, " to slay."'Oi;, accus. sing. neut. of, Eia, ea,, "sharp," " keen-edged."Akin, probably, to aCd, " swift," and denoting that which makes its way swiftly through opposing obstacles.'Epvcaaievog, Epic for EpvaiduEvo~, 1 aor. part. middle of EpVo, " to draw;" fut. EpVaro, Epic iEpaoaw: perf. pass. EXpVuaL. —Epic and Ionic present etipvw: ftt. ilpv'aw, &c.-Middle EpVopal: fut. ao/eae. MrlpoV, gen. sing. of jtpboc, oi, o," the thigh."'AvaGrWaeTev, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. act. _Eolic form for (iva LINE 191-. Priaat, from'viarC-tLt, "to cause to rise up;" fut. evaaTro, &c.'Evoi'ot, 3 sing. pres. opt. of bvapito, " to slay;" fuat. eo. Proper. ly, " t; spoil a slain foe," from Ivapa, " the arms of a slain foe." HIacaetev, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. act. _/Eolic form for irav'aat, LINE 192. from rrav', "to cause to cease:" fut. ao. In the middle cravoyat,' to cause one's self to cease," " to cease."'Epyroaete, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. act. LEolic form for Eprv'cua, from.p7vrvtU "to check," "to restrain;" fut. ao. —Akin to spio, i;pCPi, "tp/uatve, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of opaivao, i" to delhb I,~NE 193. crate" (consult note): fut. dpudv&). Used by Home] only in the present, imperfect, and I aor. pujnava, always with tho augment. —From dp/aui, 1" to urge," "to incite." 5 14 HOMERIC GLOSSALY. Line 194-196. L E; 1 ero, Epic and Ionic for E;2ocero, the augmelnt being LINE 191. dropped, 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of Sic,ae " to draw;" flt. t4So: 1 aor. eD,4:a, but only among later writers, the derivative tenses being mostly formed from;lhio: furt. iKcaw: 1 aor. ei2olvaa; 1 aar pass. eticKtayOv: perf. pass. e4l2valoatc whereas the present A.PvO0 itself is only used by later writers. In early Epic, ExCw. — Ikin-to iE'evI, and also to &t9Xyetv. (Donaldson, Newu Crat., p.- 564.) KoXeo~o, Epic and Ionic for KoeoRoi, gen. sing. of co2er6g, ov, 6, "a scabbard,' "a sheath." Homer uses both ieoXS6r and the Ionic eov~EcbS, but in Attic it must always be KoXe6s. —Akin to KicoRog, the German hohl, English hollow.'iioc, EOr; 70, " a sword." Homer usually represents it as large (keyac) and sharp, or pointed (b5h), also as two-edged (a/zt/cEc). It is of brass (X62Leov),:and hung from the shoulder by a baldric (reZau6v). In Homer, a sword is also called da'yavov and Top. Among later writers, the figof. was a straight sword, and the izdXatpa (or -Iomeric knife),was a sabre.-According to the Etymol. Mag., from A5w, and so doboc is said to have been used in some dialects foi 5ioor. It would sehm rather to have come out of the Semitic dialects, and to have some affinity to the Arabic ssaif, " a sword." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. ii., p. 215.)'ASOvlg, of, a, " Minerva," the goddess of wisdom. The Laconlan, form of the name,'Aadcva, connects this deity with the Asi of Oriental and Scandinavian mythology. O6pavo6ev, "from heaven." Adverb, compounded of orpa. [ANE 195. vdo, "' heaven," and the suffix Rev, with a genitive force. Consult Excursus V. Hsce, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Tiunt, " to send:" fut. c o: perf. FtKa: 1 aor. pea. AevKe2LevoS. Consult line 55.'Hpry. Consult line 55. 1 Appoe, -u, ri-, ru, t, and also oi, at, Tre: gen. and dat. Iu.0-'LINE. I96. doV. "Both." Compare the Latin ambo. Both ambo and Aluko are akin to the Sanscrit oubha, "both." Buttmann traces an affinity also between i/up/t, "around," and cibuo, the idea of arouna caving become limited, in later writers, to "on two sides," " on both Raides.' (Lexilogus, p. 96, ed. Fishl )'(J0-)5, "1 equtally," " alike." But tul:g, "nevertheless," "' notwith. dtanding." lA0hovaa, nom. sing. fenr. pies. part. act. of fltgo,' to blme:" fut,a~o. From #i0oc, a, ov. HOMERIC. GLOSSARY 5 Line 193-199. {I6dokCv7l, nom. s.ig. fem. pres. part. of KrjdoatL, " to care for.' C Insult line 56.) lrv), Epic and Ionic for iEoTi, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of.INh 197. marnrt, "to place:" fut. Craio: perf. &urrca, "I stand:" 2 aor. "EiT Iv, "I stood."'OrtOlev, Epic for b6rtaOevn, "behind," " at the back."-Probably from 67rwt, akin to hv67rtv, icardTrtv, te0r6irv,, bw'ia, lpO'..wavOiC, gen. sing. fem. of favo'6, i7, 6v, " auburn," "golden-colored." in Homer, Achilles always has SavOi K'OL. The same is also assigned to females; and hence, perhaps, as fair, blonde hair was rare in the South, this may have belonged to the ancient ideal of youthtil beauty. For example, Apollo always has it; and on the Attic stage it marked princely youths. - Perhaps SavO6c, i. e., tc-aav-o0o, may have some affinity to the German and Swedish sand, and the:ariginal meaning of the term may have been, " of sandy color." K6oItg, gen. sing. of, y6gr/,?/i, "}, "the hair." Latin coma.'EXe, Epic for edere, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. 2 aos indic. act. of acpFw, "to catch,"." to seize:" fut. aip7aw: perf. 9pnIen 2 aor. ei2Lov, &c. H.Zyeicova, accus. sing. of IIjniuev, VO)e, 6. Consult line 188. LINE 198. Oi)., dat. sing. of olog, oie, oiov, " alone." Consult line 118.,fa1vopjvy, nom. sing. pres. part. middle of laivo, "to show:" middle salvoiat, " to appealr" (i. e., "to show one's self"'): fut. oav6i 1 aor. iE~0va: later perfect 7erayKa: 2 perf. rr'07va: fut. mid. oavoiuat: 2 aor. pass. bodvnv, &c.-Lengthened from the root Oa, which appears in.6oc, Sanscrit bha, "lucere." (Fott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 194.)'OpCiro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of 6piou, "to see." Homer al, ways uses the middle in an active signification: fut. &opooyat, middle in form, but always active in signification: perf. E3pdaca, &c.- Cor sult, as regards the etymology of the word, line 56. OA6 99 e6uEv, Epic for 64t6U6Vaev, augment dropped, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Oay6floE, "to be astonished," "to bN amazed:" fut. ~iro, —From d e6or, "astonishment," and this akin to 6uioyac and 9acvaa.'Erpd -ero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indi2. middle of rpElro, "to turn:" tilt. rpakou: pert: r7rpofa: and later rirpa.a: 2 aor. erpanrov: middle rpi-roeLat, "to lurn one's self:" 2 aor. &rparoulv.'Eyvu, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of y)yv.6tcw, "tO know," fut. Iin. v'jdaopat: perf. act. ly'?,a: 2 aor. E'vov.-Reduplicated from the foot avot'. (yv~' —., I,atin rosco), yt-y5cuGKO. Observe that yvotw, the 5i l HIOMERIC GLOSS A RY. Line 199-203. oot of yiyvrt2ecco, which appears in dyvogco, and in vo~;, voES, &e., recur in most of the kindred languages: Latin, nosco, ncci: English, know: German, kennen, &c. I l00Haid6a, accus. sing. of Hla?7af, d6of,'I, "Pallas," an epithet of Minerva; hence, in Homer, always HIa2,jtdI'AO'vij, or HIIaiaa'A72vain7, but after Pindar it is also used alone. -Usually derived from 7r6i2Lw, c'; to brandish," hence " the Brandishr" of the spear or aegis, as goddess of war, although it is not only as such that Minerva is called Pallas in Homer. A more probable derivation is from 7rwd2a~, in the most ancient signification of the term, namely, " the maiden," " the virgin," being related to it, as Opvtle to optL:.'A60vai~v, accus. sing. of'AOqvaif, y1~, qI, "Minerva." Another form for'Above. Consult line 194. Aetv6c, nom. dual neut. of detv6o, a, 6v, "dreadful," "fearful' Consult line 49. Oaoae. Consult line 104. ~1adavOev, Epic lengthened form for dcaveOv, and this Epic and Doric for kEdvOnaar, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. pass., in a middle sense, of 0aivw, "to show;" middle ~aivozat, " to appear." Mtv, Epic and Ionic for avrsv.-Mtv is, in fact, the Epic INE 201. an'. Ionic accusative of the pronoun of the 3d person through all genders, and hence, though here for avrTv, stands elsewhere for avr6v and ar-6. It is much more rare as 3 pers. plur. for avrTov, aOrVc7, adrci.-Consult line 29.'Enrea, Epic and Ionic for iriE, accus. plur. neut. of EroC, " a word' Consult line 77. llrep6evra, accus. plur. neut. of wrrep6rte, 6esaa, oev, "winged.' (Consult note.)-From 7rrep6v, " a wing." Ilpogvnda, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of nrpofavdci, " to address unto one." From 7rp6, and adaow. TiTrT', for rtrore, " why, then," compounded of the inter. [a1NE 202. rogative ri, and the adverbial 7rore. It answers to the Latin quid tandem. Aiytoxoto, Epic and Ionic for alytlXov, gen. sing of aiyioXor, av "'gis-bearing." An epithet of Jupiter. TVico, eo:, r6,' offspring." (Consult note.> EIIjXOov6af, Epic for Ear2~tvOac, 2 sing. perf. indic. act. of 1pX-o#are "to come:" fut. E2,eaoyat: 2 perf. 7i2,vOa: Epic ei2,avovAa. Cot suit line. 120. LiNE 203.'T6piv, accus. sing. of b6uoc, ewG, i Epic.6a tC. oc. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 5 1 Line 203-207. golence," " wanton violence," arising from the pride of strength, passion, &c.-Derived, probably, from 97r-p, as implying an assumption oi authority over others.'IJYS, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. middle of edwo, " to see," " to witness;" 2 aor. eoddv, in Epic often without augment, idov: 2 aor. mid. Eid6eysV, in Homer, more frequently, icUuev, without augment. —Eisd (idoe) is - radical form wholly obsolete in the present, which is supplied by dPcoW. Its tenses form two families, one exclusively in the signification " to see," and the other " to know." The meaning " to know" comes through the 2 perf. ocda, for what one has seen and observed, that nne knows.-The root ido, or, with the digamma, Fido, has a direct affinity with the Latin video. So, again, Fid-o, FoLd-a, connect themselves with the English A" to wit," "w wot;" the German wissen, and the Sanscrit wid, " to know."'Arpeidao, old form of the genitive, for the later'ArpEdov. This genitive form in ao appears to have been the earliest one, and was subsequently contracted into o (by the Dorians into a). This w, again, was made more open by inserting an e before it, and hence we have, in Homer, from the nominative'ArpEidj7~, the two genitive forms'Arpeidao and'Arpeidew.'Epico, Epic and Ionic for ips, fut. of the rare present LINE 204 o, "to declare," " to tell," &c. Consult line 76. TesXeaOat, Epic and Ionic for rei6aeacOat, fut. inf. mid., with passive signification, of -reico, " to accomplish;" fut. act. reXEae): perf. TereTEKa: fut. mid. reXiaoepat: Epic and Ionic re71,oeLat: Attic Treo0i,aac. Consult line 82, remarks on reXi;aay.'Oio. Consult line 59.'Htr, or,d, Epic and Ionic for als, dat. plur. fem. of the possessive pronoun, or, 4, ov, "his," "her" "its." - Observe that the Epic and Ionic form for of, v4, dv, itself, is 16r, ie, goP'Trrepo7rtiat, Epic and Ionic for vtrepoirXlatc, dat. plur. of zreoofd-:ia, ac, "arrogance," " proud confidence," especially in arms.-,From t57rEp and irira, "arms." TdXa, " soon," " at some early period." Adverb, from raXv', el.z, i,' swift."'Oaaap, Epic for 2i~Eap, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of 5X;uvt, "t4 lose," "to destroy;" fut. b1aeo: perf., with reduplication,.RX6Xexa' I aor. 6X eaa. ravKciLw7r,, tdog, 4," bright-eyed." (Consult note.)-From LINE 206. ),yavic6E, "shining," "silvery," and t', "the eye." IIavaovaa, fut. part. act. of rTitvo, "to cause fa cease" UINv 207 Consult line 192 Xx S6! U HOMERIC GLOSSAtY. Line 207-214. MiPvor, cor, If, ":e.;tement."-Consult line 103. At, Epic auid 1)or'~ for ei, " if."-Consult line 66. IIOerla, Epic and Ionic for rgiep, 2 sing. 2 aor. sulbj. mid. of rreit?& "to persuade." Middle ireiOovat, "t o obey;" 2 aor. mid. kr3:6u/v: 2 uor. subj. riOwlat: 2 pers. (old form) 7r6gyaa: (Epic and Ionic) in. ea': (Attic) 7rOy,. LINE 208. Ovpazvo6ev, &c. Consult lines 195, 196. LINE 210.'Aye. Consult line 62. Aiye, 2 sing. pres. imperat. of X'yo, " to cease from," "to leave off;" tiut. f. It occurs also, though less frequently, in a transitive sense,;' to still," " to appease," " to stay."-Akin to the' English " to lay," i. e., "to allay," and probably the same originally as 2LEy), in the signification " to cause to lie down," &c.'EpLtdo, gen. sing. of Epte, tdof, ij, " strife," "contention." Consult line 177.'ilbog. Consult line 194.'"Etceo, Epic and Ionic for UEcov, 2 sing. pres. impelat. middle ot -3iKW, 1" to draw;" fut. f6. (Consult line 194.) —Old form-of 2 pers.'ltceao: Epic and Ionic'iceo: Attic ElRcov.'Oveirtoov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of 0vestdiw, "to reLINE 211. proach," "to abuse;" fut. ioa. Frornm vetdoc, " reproach." The Sanscrit root is nid, "vituperare," so that 6 seems to be eu phonic. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. ii., p. 164.)'Eaerat, Epic for Ea'rt, 3 sing. fut. of eti', " to be."'Efpeio, Epic and Ionic for ieEpO, fut. of iFetwezv~, "' to de-.INE 212. clare openly." Homer has only this form; but in later writers we find a perfect ife'ipnca; a perf. and pluperf. pass., and also a future middle fetpihaerat, with a passive signification.-From k: and ipiu. Consult remarks on ipiw, line 76. TereXeatU vov, nom. sing. neut. of perf. part. pass. of reRtEd, "to accomplish;" fut. TE1,a': perf. rer 27echa: perf. pass. rer72.Eqat. — From TrXog, " an end accomplished." LINE 213. T6aaa, Epic for roaa, from r6aog, 7, orv, "so many." HapoaETraz, Epic and Ionic for trdpearae; 3 sing. fut. ind. of zrmaptu, "to be present." —From 7rrap( and elui. Ayaa. Consult line 23.. T6ptf, p gen. sing. of )6plt, toe, ij, El'ic and blnic for U6pir, o 1e, 2. Consult line 203. EaVEKa, Epic and Ionic for Eiveca.'Iayeo, Epic and Ionic for [~Xov, 2 sing. p-es. imper. mM.Ile o. "arJ, " to hold,' " to check," another: in the mitddle. lcrgola/, to r6 HOMERIC GLOSSARY 193 Line 214-219. itratn one's seJf."-Observe that laXo is, in reality, only a iorm oi EX#, and is found in the present and imperfect alone. Among later writers it is sometimes used in the general signification of Exo. — IFormed from the 2 aor. of Eio, namely, iuXov. IetLOeo, Epic and Ionic for rreiOov, 2 sing. pres. imper. middle of rtciOw, " to persuade:" in the middle 7reiOtGlat, " to obey." Xp", " it behooves," impersonal verb: imperf. Xpflv, com-;LINE 216. monly without augment, Xp'v, the form eXpev being rare in Attic: fut. Xp~aEt: infin. Xpn-vat: part. XpFs.v.-Strictly, from Xpd(,, Tn the sense of"' to deliver an oracle:" thus, XPj (scil. 0d c60), but always used impersonally:' it behooves;" "it is fated;" " it is necessary;" "' it is meet," &c. ltowrepov, accus. sing. neut. of ao)et spog, a, ov, pronomirial adjec. tive of the 2 person dual 06~it, "of or belonging to you t1wo."-Sometimes, also, it appears as the pronominal adjective of the 3 person dual anei, " of or belonging to them two, or both of them." EipdaoaaaOal, Epic and Ionic for EpdaaaOat, 1 aor. infin. middle of Epdo, " to drawz:" middle ipdoFat, " to obey" (consult note): fut pdawo, Epic and Ionic eipdvao: perf. pass. eipvuat, &c. KexoXtudzuvov, accus. sing. masc. of perf. part. pass. of, oLINE 217. INE 217, "to incense;" fut. ca-o: perf. pass. icexopuat: 1 aor, pass. Xo;t(o07v. —From XoXoC, "gall," " bile," "wrath."'A!uetvov. Consult line 116.'Ert'ErdOrTrae, 3 sing. pres. subj. middle of E'rErci~oat, " to LINE 218. obey."-From ei~ and IreiO6, " to persuade," in the middle "to obey." The preposition expresses the end gained by the per suasion.'EKXvov, 3 plur. imperf. indic., with aoristlc signification, of KRWa. "to hear." Consult line 37.'H, Epic for ESp7, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of /q/iA,, "' to say." — LINE 219. Observe that y comes, in reality, from V}pi, a shortened form of 7yUi: thus,'iu,,,r, oal, &c.., imperif. v, I7j, i, &c. This ijr/l arose from irtui in the language of ordinary life, and was used in quick repetitions among the Attic writers.'Apyvpip, Epic and Ionic for cpyvpo, dat. sing. fem. of dpyvpEbr,.,, ov, contracted hpyvpobC, apyvp?7, apyvp6 bv, Epic and Ionic for apy/peo( a, o,, contr. apyvpoicg, d, oDv, " silver.? —Consult line 49. K-r,, dat. sing. of Ict3rrC, aj, a}, "a,hilt." Literally, " the handle oJ any thing:" as, for example, of an car a torch, &c.-From a root earr, which appears ill KciTr-, and the Latin cap-io. xVi0e Epic for Joxebe,. sing. 2 ao:' nrdic art., from ae.Ooi, a 2oo 0 JlA(ERIC GLOSSARY. Line 2193-223. ioetic lengthened form of carXov, 2 aor. cf;r iw. It is usually emr ployed, not with the meaning " to have," but in the strengthened signification "to hold," "to keep fast," "to check," &c.. The old theury made EoaXE0ov, crX0ov, &c., come from a present ZEi0w, but, a.ccording to most modern scholars, this present ax[iO is a mere ti:tion. (Consult Ellendt, Lex. Soph., s. v. eKicaOdev.) LINE 220.'AV. "Back." Consult line 60. KovTAe6v, Epic and Ionic for Koue6v, accus. sing. of covle6fC, oij, a, Epic and Ionic for icoRedS, of, 6, "a sheath." Consult remarks on tco;e6o, line 194.'Qas, Epic and Ionic for &eoae, with augment dropped, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of iLeo, "to drive," "to push," "to thrust;" fut. C0lai, and (as if from a present 6c0w) o)aw. The other tenses follow the future cjaw, namely, 1 aor. Ewoa, and, as in the present instance, without the augment, dcaa: perf. Ecuca: perf. pass. eIwaeae: 1 aor. pass ~iqor. Consult line 194.'Awri0reev, Epic and Ionic for'rei08taev, with. augment dropped, sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ai7r0ie, Epic and Ionic for C7reteWO, " to dis obey;" fut. iow.-From a, priv., and nei(o. LINE 221.'AOSvaIyvg. Consult line 200. OiVUv/r6vde, " to Olympus." Literally, " Olympus-ward." From oivjzv7roc, Epic and Ionic for'O2vjznr-oc, and the suffix de denoting motion toward. Consult Excursus V. Be66eet, Epic and Ionic for i6e6' KEl, with augment dropped, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. act. of /aivw, "to go;" fut. 37iaopfat: perf. fei6,Ka pluperf. i6e6iKeltv. (Consult note.) A UaaTa, accus. plur. of 6Uya, arof, 6, " a mansion," "an abode."-From di/eu, "to build;" 2 perf. d6edoyra. Akin to,66lof, and the Latin dom-us. Azl'ytxoto. Consult line 202. Aasjuovaf, accus. plur. of daiu/ov, ovof, 6, /, "a deity,' a god oi goddess."-Derived by some from daj/eucv, "knowing," "skilled in,' and they hold this to have been the first meaning of the word Others deduce it from daiw, " to divide or distribute," i. e., destinies. Neither etymology, however, appears fully satisfactory. Perhaps 6dailwv may be akin to the Sanscrit damin, or damanas, " a conquer or,","lord," "master." (Eichhpff, Vergleich., p. 204.)'Arapr7poir, dat. plui. neut. of draprpoC, aC, (v, stro.vSth Li-,; 223. ened poetic form of a'rp6,,v, "in7juri,us," " hur'f, -FronLm rT, "harm," "mischief," &c. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. ed Line 223-228. Erneeraalt, Epic and Ionic for CTreove, dat. pl'r. of 1erog, eo r6, " a word." LINE 224. OVi7r, "not yet." Adverb, compounded of od and ira. A ye, Epic and Ionic for ej17yE, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of iya, " to ceasefrom."-Consult line 210. X6ooto, Epic and Ionic for X6oov, gen. sing. ofX~6:ror, ov, 6, "gly,"' bile,"' wrath." Oivo6apic, voc. sing. masc. of oivo6ap/j', SC, "one heavy LNE 225. with wine," " a drunkard." Compare the Latin vino gravis —.From olvo., " wine," and papvS, eaa, V, "heavy." Kvv6O, gen. sing. of icv'wv, KUvv6C, O, 4, " a dog."-Consult remarks on icVvecaqt, line 4. Kpa6igv, Epic and Ionic for Kapdiav, accus. sing. of icpadiy7, ric, 4 for Kapdia,,, "the heart." Compare the Sanscrit hrid, the Greek Kpad-ia, Latin cor, cord-is, English heart, Gothic hazrto.'E Ocifoto, Epic and Ionic for;Aciqov, gen. sing. of b;Xabor, ov, 6, 4, 6" a deer," whether male, " a hart" or " stag," or female, " a hind." — Akin to EXaqpa`c, Latin lv-is, and also lepus, lepiris, and probably, also, to the German laufen, and English leap. LINE 226. Aay. Consult remarks on;aci, line 10. OwpnXXOvat, 1 aor. inf. pass. of 9owpaaw, "to arm," properly with a breastplate or cuirass: then, in general, "to arm," and also "to array," " to harness:" fut. owpfw: 1 aor. pass. e06op7xOnv. —From aOwpl, Epic and Ionic for Copac..AdXovde, "to an ambuscade." Adverb, compounded of 2o. E, "an ambuscade," and de, the suffix denoting motion toward. Consult Excursus V.'Ievat, pres. inf. act. of clut, " to go."'Aptar'eaacv, Epic and Ionic for a&parealtv, dat. plur of &cplarevC, wot, o, Epic and Ionic aptarevS, o 6,, "the bravest." In the plural apacrE[C, Ionic apt7r1er, " the bravest chieftains." —In these words in ev'c, gen. Mor, &c., where the v (i. e., the digamma, F) of the stem has fallen away in the course of inflection, the Epic language, and also the Ionic dialect, introduce an g instead of e, in order to compensate, by the length of the vowel, for the v (or digamma) that has been dropped. (Kiihner, ~ 296, 2.) TgEr7t7Kac, 2 pers. sing. perf. indic. act. of an unused pres. LNE 228. ent.raXdo, contracted -r2co, "to endure;" fut. r;7 aoeat: tezf. r:'7qca: 2 aor. E'rT2Lv (as if there were also a present rT2,zt, which there is not).-Observe that T7rL-co is radically tbe same as -ro?-jcaw, and akin to the Sanscrit tul, Latin, tol-erare,'- and also (t) latus. Ience, too, rrER-ac&dv,,'5X-avrov Xx2 5~22 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Linze 228-232' K'p, gnu,xjtof, i,, "aeas." Properly, "tile goddess of aeats; also, "the goddess of fate," especially as bringing violent death Hence, the "fate of death," "death" itself, especially when violent -Observe the difference of accentuation between sKp, Kep6~, "fate,' and iKip, iKopot, "the heart." EZderat, 3 sing. pres. indic. passive-of the obsolete radical present e&Ot, "to see:" passive ei6o/zat, " to be seen," " to appear." —Conrult remarks on ine, line 203. AdiZov, nom. sing. neut. of Xoi(ov, ov, gen. ovof, o, V, ro. LINE 229. "more desirable," " more agreeable;" hence, in general, "better." Homer uses it only in the neuter of the nom. and accus. sing., namely,?,6tov: and he also has a second comparative 2ailTEpOf, ov, only in the neuter. At a later period, 2aocov was used generally as a comparative of &ya66f, and, in Attic,?wlowv, 26Ztov, were contracted into 2lacv, 2,aov: superlative a261cro~, contracted.,tarof.[he root appears to be A2, " I will, wish, or desire," a Doric defective verb, the only trace of the older radical ci&, "to wish," "to be.~illing." EVp;v, accus. sing. masc. of ebipg, etai, v, " wide," " wide-spread,';' broad."'AiroatpEiaOat, Epic and Ionic for 4datpeiadat, pres. inlt. LIME 230. middle of i-roatpmo, for aatpeiw, "to take away:" in the iiiddle airoatpioluat, for i&atpoOlat,a "to take away unto one's self:" out. iqatpp~ao': fut. mid. diatpr0olozat: 2 aor. act. ad'efZov; 2 aor. nid.'dEO2l6iov.-From a'rr6 and alpiw. iOev. Consult line 180.'AvTiov, i" in opposition to," neuter of avriof, a, ov, taken adverbialy, and governing the genitive.-From lur7i, denoting opposition. - Eirp, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of elroy. Consult line 64. ANro6opof, or, "people-devouring," as referring to a prince LINE 231. that grinds his people down. (Consult note.)-From e6itof, and popd, "food."' Ov9rtdavoactv, Epic-and Ionic for odr7davoig, dat. plur. cf oirrtdavo6, i, or, "of no worth," " cowardly."-From OVTLt, "nobody,, referring, as it were, to a mere collection of nobodies; -davro being a mere sufIx, as in'iredavof, &c.-.-Some make -davog come from &dvos, "a rift," " a present," " a thing of value." Tea-a7a, "for the last time." Accus. plur. neut. of Viararoc,'zNE 232-., ov. "ttle last," taken adverbially. The plaral is here n[re emphatic than the singular would have been. Aw6tleto, 2 sing. 1 aor. optative middle of the deponent verb odW. % 3MERIC GLOSSARIYo 523 Line 232-236. At, " to- be ins lces.t t.)ward one," " to insult," "to outrage;" fut.,iea. Ual. —From.G'd6, " insutt," "outrage." Miyav, accus. sing. masc. ofjeiyai,,uycig, yeiya,'"mighty" tI NE 3.'LINE solemn."'Op', accus. sing. of' 6pKleo, ov,, " an oalth." —Of. or was origiaally equivalent to eptcog, as opicu'vrl to picaivrV, Opfiobpog to bpicovpoc, and so, strictly, "a check," &c., which holds one in from doing a thing; Uence the k tin Orcus, "the bourne from which no traveler retlrns."'O1oj/zat, 1,ng. fut. indic. middle, with active signification, of 6jvvut, or obvde, 1" to swear;" fut. 4uoifiat, el, eLrat. Consult line 76 LINE 234. Md.',onsult line 86. ZK#7rpov, OV, r, a sceptre." (Consult note on line 15.)-From K#rTTO, " to leant upon," the term having originally meant " a staff to lean on.",k~L2a, accus. plur. o vilAov, ov, TO, "a leaf." Homer, like He siod and Herodotus, alwz js uses the plural.-Probably from'9q2), v;od, pSv'o, our bloom, &c. (o, too, the Latin folium, flos,florere.'Orovg, accus. plur. of )'5os tv, 6, "a branch," "a twig," " a shoot." According to Theophrastus, iK's properly the knot or eye from whiclh a branch or leaf springs, answe,'ng in this to the Latin nodus.'baEc, 3 sing. fut. ind,&. act. of ov'w, "to produce;" fut. LINE 235. 6 dmo: 1 aor. 1 Evaa. —Wi'h Q0ou compare the Sanscrit bha and the Persian bu, " to be," as alst tie old Latin fuo, whence fui, fueram, fuerim, fucro; the fitas, fuat uf Plautus, and fio; and then, also, fetus, faenu m, fenus, &c. TopLxv, accus. sing. of t-o/5, jgS, e, "t,e trunk," or " sump," of a tree; the part left after cutting. From;.'vw, "to cut."'Opeoae, Epic and Ionic for 6pE'a, dat.,lur. of d"poS, Eo, TO, "a mountain." Consult line 157. Ag;otlrev, 3 sing. perf. act. of egiw7rw,' to leave;" fut.;cilw: perf. a;aot7ra: 1 aor. 2.et~,a: 2 aor. ELt.rov. —The root ater is akin to our leave, the Anglo-Saxon laef-an, and Icelandic' leif-a. Changing into atK through the XAolic dialect, it passes into Latin, and becomes, with the n-sound, inserted through euphony, the root of linq-uo.'Ava%72,oaet,'3 sing. fut. indic. act. of dvaOrljt2o, " to bloom LIE 236. afresh;" fut.'a60. From &vdi, "anew," and 2ngEw, "to fourish." "E, accus. sing of pronoun of third person. Nom. wanting: gen. v, &c. Xahe ig, a, O,, "brass;" more literally, "bronze," a mixtree tf 524 HOMERIC GLC)SSA1L~ Line 236-241. copper and tin, in which case the copper is rendered lharder, ant formed th.e chief metal used by the ancients in the arts; whereas our brass, a mixture of copper and zinc, was quite unknown to them.'E2eqev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of 2'Crw, "to lop away," "to strip off," " to remove the outer covering of any thing;" fut. 2tpw: aor. zeXpba. L blot6v, accus. sing. of 02Lot6f, oii, o, "the bark," " the rind LiwE 237. of a tree." Miv, Epic and Ionic for aVT6. Consult line 201. TZEC. Consult line 162. IIai2t3y, f, Epic for rac'lzatg, dat. plur. of 7ra.aq ~1, 4, INE 238. " the hand." Literally, "the. palm of the hand."'Iopfovat, 3 plur. pres. indic. of popeo, "to bear," "'; to carry;" fut. 7caw. A collateral form of Eppw, frequently employed from Homer downward. Strictly speaking, however, popEo implies a constant repetition of the simple action of tpwo, and is therefore very often used in the signification " to wear clothes, armor," &c. At/caalr62Xot, nom. plur. of d6lccoar62oo, ov, o6,, "a dispenser of justice." (Consult note.)-From 6i10, "justice," "judgment," and 7roxio, " to be conversant with," " to be employed about." OECztacras, accus. plur. of Slztc, old and Epic genitive &Izutaro', and in Homer the only form; accus. sing. 6T/aora: accus. plur. 9ptaras;: Attic gen. gWiu7-of: accus. i/eztv: common Greek, gen. # todor' Ionic O&Ltor, " law." In the plural, i9M tatEr, in Homer, are the " sentences which have the force of law," and also "existing laws," and " oriinances" themselves.-Probably from the root #e (found in TriOll/t, &c.), and implying something laid down and established. E'ipdarat, Epic and Ionic for eipvvrat, 3 plur. perf. indic. LINES 239 pass., in a middle sense, of Eipxw, Epic and Ionic for spdW, for the meaning of which consult line 216. TEaaerat, 3 sing. fut. of eia, Epic and Ionic for Earat. "OQKoc. Consult line 233.'AXXLDo~, gen. sing. of'AxtUerdg. Consult, as regards LINEs 240. this form of the genitive, remarks on cdpLtarC7Eaav, line 227. IIoN1, A, a, " desire," "regret for the absence of one." Same as r6o0oo, and of frequent occurrence in Homer.'1Ieral, 3 sing, fiut. of isvEoFuat, "to come;" fut. 1fojat: perf. iyvaat Tear.. Consult line 162. AvvcEa:, Epic and Ionic for 6vvacet, 2 sing. fut. indic. of LrnE 241. divayat,'to be able;" futl. dvvaopat, 2 pets. (old form) Jvt,'aeaaat (Epia and Ionic) 6in,. aea.: (Attic) dvviyael. BOMER. GLOSSARY. 525 Line 241-245.'AXv6.tevoC. Consult line 103. Xpazalo/ev, 2 aor. infin. act. of Xpat/lco), " to aid," " to su. LINE 242. cor." Strictly speaking, " to ward of something destructive from one." —Observe that!-xpatacuiw, in fact, is not used in the present, but only in the following (merely Epic) forms: fut. Xpau. ageao: 1 aor. ixpaiar7aa: and 2 aor. Expawtazov.-The 2 aor. must be taken as the form.nearest the root, to which a fut. and 1 aor. were added by analogy. The derivation from Xpo, Xp~ouat, Xpy7aro', xPiatuof, is clear enough. Eire, Epic adverb, equivalent to ore, " whcn."-Eitber an old dialect form of 67e, or, as some think, an Ionic form of oUSre, from oai e, like the Latin quum, from qui. aEiropor, gen. sing. of "Exrcop, opoe, 6, " Hector," son of Priam and Hecuba, and leader of the Trojans against the Greeks.-The term properly denotes the " holder-fast," from XEw, io, and is applied, as an epithet, to Jupiter by Sappho (107); and also to a net, in Leon Tarent.'Avdpoo6lvoto, Epic and Ionic for i'vdpoo6vov, gen. sing. of acvdpo6ovog, ov, " man-slaughtering."-From eivip and 06vo,." slaughter." LINE 243. OvsaUcovre'. Consult line 56. IIxirroat, 3 plur. pres. subj. of irrTro, " to fall;" fut. reaovitaLt: Ionic rreaeoLat: 2 aor. ireaov: perf. rxgwroca.-Reduplicated from a root 7rer, with which compare the Sanscrit pat, " to fall," whence frreaov, &c., and the poetic form srirvo. Hence, by reduplication, rtri7ro, 7riTrr; as, pirrTo from e/w5ro:' tjvo fromn jevo~: yiyvo/tat from ywvo'EvdoBe, adverb, " within." Consult Excursus V.'ALtOIetq, 2 sing. fut. indic. of Is taao, "1 to tear," "to lacerate;" flit LJNE 244. Xo~6evog. Consult line 46. Oivdgv, " in no respect," accus. sing. neut. of oVde-c, taken adverb ially.'Ertaaf, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of rio, "to honor;" fut. rtaTo: 1 aor. Er7aa: perf. pass. rErlrat.-Observe that rio is to pay honor to a person; whereas rivo is confined to the signification of paying a price, &c. Consult remarks on ri~etav, line 42. LINE 245. a70ro. Consult line 188. [IorT, Doric for rp6to, and frequent also in Homer, Hesiod, &c.[Ior is akin to nrpori, an old, and especially Epic, form foi Irp6r, and orpori is itself akin to the Sanscrit prati. (Consult Donaldson, Newt Cratylus, p. 218.) RBate, Epic and Ionic for Elaae, augment dropped, 3 sing 2 so, >X26;. )HOMERIC XGLOSSA R Y. Line 245-249. indic. act. of fP6id(, "to hurl;" fut. Cainl. pielf. ie6?,ha::I awo M6aaov. raig, dat. sing. of yall, Vr, a, Epic and Ionic for yaca, ac,, "thd ground," "the earth." Poetic for y7.-With yala and ala Dcederlein well compares the German Gau and Au, " a country," &c.-Donaldson considers the root ya as affording the primary idea of firmness and support, hence the earth as yielding such.. (New Crat., p. 403.) Xpvaegotc, Epic and Ionic for Xpvoaotg. and this for XpvI~NE 246-. col., from Xpa6eof, XpvaEa, Xpvaoeov, contracted Xpvaoof, Xpva4, Xpvcofiv, "golden."-From Xpvo6c, "gold,'" which is itself probably of Phcenician origin, from chdruits, " gold." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 141.)'H2otaL, Epic and Ionic for?otLc, from?1or, ov, 6, "a nail;" in Homer never used to fix or fasten, but only for ornament; hence it a stud," " a naii-head." He7rap/uivov, accus. sing. perf. part. pass. of 7reipo, "to pierce' through and through;" fut. crepe: 1 aor.'retpa: 2 aor. Eripov: perf pass. 7rE'rap/Lat.-From sreipag, poetic for 7ripae, " an end." h'e7ro. Consult line 48.'Erip(oOev, adverb, "from the other side," "on the other IINE 247. side." Consult Excursus V.'E/tvtle, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. ofuyvicg, "o rage," "to be wroth;" fit. la~o. A later form is uvLdioa.-From Ulvtc, " wrath." Consult line 1. NEarP0p, gen. opog, o, "' Nestor," son of Neleus, and king of the Pylians. With regard to this people, consult note.'HdverVs, E, " sweet of speech," " seet-speaking." —Frorn LTNE 249. v t L6NfE, 2 " Sweet," and aivow.'Av6povae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. for v6povae, augment dropped from acvopoiv, " to start up;" fut. ovaeo.-From iva', " up," and 6povi.. "to move quickly," &c., with which compare the Latin ruo. Aeyvg, ela, V, " clear-toned." (Consult note.)-The root of 2tyds, namely, 2iy, would appear to connect it with our English term lig-ht ei. e., as opposed to a heavy, or rough tone of voice), and also with the Greek ieaXv' (-2LaX-v'g), and the Sanscrit lag-hus. lIv~oyv, gen. plur. of IvadZot, eov, oz, " the Pylians." (Consult note.''Ayopnrrg, of, o, "a speaker." An haranguer before an aypuh of public assembly. rt 6amic, gen. sing. of y?6ceaa, ng, 4, "the tongue." — Sup. posed to be of the same family with yl / y/c2(lt, 6', an projecting point." HOMERIC GLOSS.ARY. 52v Line 249-251. -f.iLurC, gen. sing. of / tot, Tor, "4honey." —.Aki.j to the Latie mulceo, mollis, and the English mild. rIvciov, ov, comparative of y;vwcf, ea,, " sweet."'Piev, Epic and Ionic for iEpeiv, and this for /bbes; 3 sing. imperf. indic. of )io, "to flow:" fut. kPevdooja: 1 aor. iEfiEvaa: but in Attic more usually )v'cropuat: 2 aor. pass. eitPrv'n, always in active signifieation; and hence is formed the perf. %),pivca, " toflow," " to stream," " to gush." AVli6,', Ic, "speech." Properly, "the voice," not so much the words as the utterance and tone. (Consult note.)-Strictly, &Ff67, akin to the Sanscrit vad, "to speak," the.F or v being transposed; as in a'idvuvo, where we trace a resemblance (through the transposition of the v or w) with the German wachs-en, " to grow," &c., and the English "lo wax." L eveal, nom. plur. of yevesc, atg, a, Epic and Ionic yever, LINE ~250. S', "a generation," of which, according to Herodotue, three made a century: yeveat rpecif avdpCv iKearov ETEi E'TL (ii., 142). Meo6f'ov, gen. plur. of tpoip, oiroc, 6, "articulate-speaking." Literally, "dividing the voice," i. e., speaking, endowed with speech; and hence, always an epithet of men, because articulate speech is the characteristic of man among animals. (Consult note.)-From?e/poeat, uEpit'w, "to divide," and 654, "the voice."'E06iaro, Epic and Ionic for 400LVTo, 3 plur. syncopated 2 LINE 251. aor. passive of 00oi, "to destroy" (consult note): fut. 096iat: 1 aor. pOe0aa: perf. pass. E'100lat: pluperf. Eq006iyv, which, however, is the form also of the syncopated 2 aor. passive. (Kiihne,, ~ 233, 2.) In all verbs whose reduplication passes over into the simple augment, the indicative of these syncopated passive aorists when it retains its augment, is not to be distinguished, as to form from the pluperfect; thus, npzlyv, Erainv,'oa, u vv, lv, i00nv. (Butt mann, ~ 110, n. 4.)-Observe that 0aoi is here given as the present, because ~06ivt is always intransitive in Homer. Oit, ol. Obseive, here, the difference of meaning: o! is the rely. tive (ot, a', 6), whereas ol is enclitic, and the dative of the pronout of the third person. lHpaOev, " before this." Adverb cf time. Tpai'ev, Epic, Poetic, Doric, an(e Eolic foi iErparaav, i piur. i or. -indic. pass. of -rpiEo, "to rear," " to nurture:" fut. Opip': I aor. BOpeCa: perf. r —po0a: 2 aor. pass. i-rpciiv: 1 aor. pass. EOpgo Q0rv. —Radical meaning, "to make thick," "firm," or "solid," then, "to make fat," " to fatten," &c. Pott connects the root with tha 52t8 1HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 251-257 Sanscrit trip, " to satlic.te,"' but it rather conies fiom he same fami. ly with vrpror, " to turn," and implies the idea of a turning, or coagu. Sating, or congealing of a liquid: thus we have ydaa pphpat, " to curdle milk" (Od., ix., 246), and -vpov rpeoetv, "to thicken cheese." (TheIcrit., xxv., 106.) L II,2L2, dat. sing. of IIuqo., ov, P, "IPylos." (Consult note.)'HyaO-y, Epic and Ionic for'yaOia, dat. sing. fern. of'yaOeor, a, ov, for V4ydOeoc, a, ov, "very divine," "sacred."-From aiyav, and Oetoc, " divine." TpmTardrotaC, Epic and Ionic for rpLrdrolc, dat. plur. of rpiralro, my, ov, lengthened form of pitrot, like pulaaarog for jucos'. "Avaoaev, Epic and Ionic for'vaaev, -augment having been dropped, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of aviodaa, " to reign." —Consult line 38. LINE 253. "0 c0lV, So. r. A. Consult line 73. iI6rot. Commonly regarded as an exclamation merely; LINE 254. but, in reality, a nom. plural, from an obsolete nom. sing -r6ror. (Consult note.) IIEvOoC, eoC, r6, "grief," "sorrolw."-Collateral form of arciO-or, as de60ot of pd3oco, and so from the same root as 7re-rov0-a, perfect of'AXatdda, accus. sing. fem. of'Axadtc, to 4,, "Achaan." - From'Axat6o, a', 6v, "Achxan." -arlav, accus. sing. of yala, as, 4, "land," "country." Consult tine 245.'IKavet, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of icadvw, " to come." Epic length ned form for E1o. r2IVOaat, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. act. of ytOjo, " to be delighted:" fut. y7o0eu: perf. yiy70Oa.-Akin to itOog, Doric yd0oc Latin gaud-ium, gaudeo, &c. TIpialzog. Consult line 19. HlIacde. Consult line 20. Tp5ec. Consult line 52. Kexapoiaro, Epic and Ionic for KEXdpoLvro, and this, by reduplica. tion, for Xdpoutro, 3 plur. 2 aor. opt. middle of xaipo, "to rejoice;" fut. Xacp1ao: perf. with pres. signification, Kexarpnca: 2 aor. middle lXap6u/1v, with reduplication xexapoiuyv. L;~'tv, gen. dual of va, the pronoun of the 2d person. LIE 257. Nom. aodi (shortened form a0cp), gen. and dat. e'p3ia shortened form 0aopv). UOSM ERIIC.GLOSSARY. 529 Line 257-263. fvOoiamo, Epic and Ionic for rTdOOVTO, 3 plur. 2 aor. opt. iniddle.of irvvr0divoal " to learn," properly, by making inquiries: fut rredact uat: 2 aor. mid. irvO6v[ iv. —According to Ernesti and Pott, akin to?rvvdaS,?rvOiv, and so, strictly speaking, " to search to the bottom." Mapvacevoutv, gen. dual. of tuapv/aevor, pres. part. mid. of tupvauat, "' to contend," Epic and Ionic for uapvajltvotv. LINE 8. llepl, "superior to." Homeric adverb. Subsequently, a LINE 258. preposition. MaxeaOtl. Consult line 8. lliOeaSe, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. middle of rreico, "to pe?suade:" in the middie, " to obey:" fut. sreiao: 1 adr.'reLta: 2 aor. ErOo-v - in the middle, fut. reictaoeat: 2 aor. 7rtlO6er. —With reioo, 7rnWov, compare the Latin fido, fides. Aufo. Consult line 196. NeoTprup, nom. dual, comparati fe veTrepoS, of viog, "younger."'Ear6v, 2 pers. dual of e1ii, " to we."'EpeiTo, Epic and Ionic for uooii, emphatic genitive-form of Eyw'Apeioatv, dat. plur. of dcjlov, ov, gen. ovo0, s" braver," " betLINE 260. ter." Assigned as an itregular comparative to 7yaoG6f.From the same root with *Apyr, the first notion of goodness being that of manhood, and bravery in war.'..2.:li2aa, I sing. 1 aor. subj. of (o/uwt1, "to associate with," LINxE 261. " to hold converse with:" fut.'aw. The verb, according to its derivation (i!LZ2~og), denotes, properly, "to be with or in company.cith a large throng," but it soon lost this meaning, and took a more genera\ one.'AeOpt~lo, Epic and Ionic for 7iO'pt'ov, the augment having beeL uropped: 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of ciepito, "to slight," " to make ilght of:" fut. Miepicw, and also dOepi~5o: 1 aor. 9Oiptua and Ie6ipta -Probably from a, priv., and Opco, " to cherish," i. e., to regard. Toiovr,- accus. plur. masc. of 7rolo, Vq, ov, Epic and Ionic LUNE 262. for Troor, a, ov, " such."'Idov, Epic and Ionic for eldov, the augment having been dropped I sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of eho, " to see." Consult line 203.'Avepar, Epic and Ionic for iivdpaC, accus. plur. of dcvrp: gen. dvye Jaf, Epic and Ionic for avdJpo'f, &c. Consult line 7.'I0cuac, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. middle of ecdo, "to see." Consilt line 203. Olov, accus. sing. mas. of olog,,r, ov, Epic and Ionic fio Lun,. 263. ofog a, ov, "as."-Observe that here, in place of olov, we ~would expect door'v, with the proper names following each in the Y v 531) HOMERIC Gi OSSARY. Line 263-263. nominative. In )lace of this, howeier, we have the relative in the accusative, depending on Wdov and iuJLat, and the subject of the relative clause, or, in other words, the proper name, in the samo case with the relative, by a species of attraction. (Kiihner, 6 788 - Bernhardy, p. 299, 15.) lletp~0oov, accus. sing. of HetpiOoog. or,, " Pirithoiis." (Cons&,, note.) tAp~avra, accus. sing. of zApvaf, avTro(,, " Dryas." A chief of tV. Lapithae. roeuitva, accus. sing. of 7rotq?.v, Evcr:,, " a shepherd." In a gcp eral sense, also, " one who keeps, or tends," and hence a king is cal' ed "the shepherd of his people," rrot/i~p?a6cv.-Probably akin to 7re 7rauat, perf. pass. of the unused radical form c7rTa, "to feed," and alsf to ro6a, rroil, "grass," "fodder," &c. KatvEa, accus. sing. of Katvpv',, v, Epic and Ionic for hv46uaTev, the augment being drop ped, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of ovoueied, " to utter, "to name:" furt bvo/aaua.-From bvcua, "a name." K2laivrc, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of KiLaao, "to weep:" fut. LINE:362. ic~aVc)w (Theocrit., xxiii., 34), more commonly Ka7apt'eat'. I aor. EKaavca. The Attic form of the present is,c2AMco. IIeOor. Consult line 254.'ESaiea, 2 sing. pres. imper, of:avcduo, "to speak out:' LINE 363. fut. cam. —From E: and avddco. KeO0e, 2 sing. pres. irnper. act. of Levios, " to conceal,"." to hzde:' fut. Kev'aw: perf.,eciEevOa: 2 aor. egc60ov.-Akin to fco and ocvio. N6oi, Epic and Ionic for v~, dat. sing. of v6oo, contracted vote, "the mind:" gen. vo6v, von: dat. vo6, v.~. Eldo/ev, 1 plur. pres. subj. act., with the shortened mood-vowel, for Eidlw,/ev, from edow, "to sec," " to know." Consult line 203.'A/Npw. Consult line 196. BapvrTevadXv, oval, ov, "v deeply groaning," pres. participle IINE 364. of a form papvareviX(o, which, however, does not occur.From 3apvC and arevPXo, " to groan." LINE 365. Olaoa. Consult line 85. Ti~, strengthened form for ri, " why?" Used by Homer, Hesiod, and in Attic comedy.-Formed from ri, like 0'rtO from 06r, and Ei'relt from nreg. Tot, Epic and Ionic for cot. Eidviv, dat. sing. fern. of eaidt, aedva, eidoC, perf. participle, and assigned to oida, "I know." Consult line 203.'AyopDeo, 1 sing. pres. subjunct. act. of ayope-uw, " to tell,".' to declare:" fut. eaow.-From 7yopci, "a public assembly," the verb literally meaning to speak in an assembly, though afterward used in a general sense.'12tXSueOa, or 4xd,/eOa, 1 plur. imperf. indic. of the middle LINES i66. deponent oiXoeate, "to go:" fut. oIxiao/iac: perf. 5Xmu.jat. 0a6gv, accus. sing. of Ot6/7,,, I7, m" Thebe."-(Consult note.) Homer uses also the plural form BO6at, &c. Later writers mention merely rO 0E6at 7IraEiov, a fruitful district, south of Ida, arid near Pergamus.'Iepijv, Epic and Ionic for iepdv, accus. sing. fern. of 1I16i, I y, di, Epic and Ionic for lenoc, (i, dr, " sacred." —-(Consult note.) 55 OMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 366-384.'Herisvog, gen. of'Heriov, gen. wvor, -Eglion, King of' heae and father of Andromache.-(Consult note.) Atuewpdlopev, 1 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. cf. e&aerp0o, "ta LINE 367. sack," "to destroy utterly:" fut. dtacrdpao: 2 aor. dlxrp/i-.9ov.-From dta and Irp0to. -Hyojtev, 1 plur. imperf. indic. act. of ayu, " to bring."'EvOide, " hither." Adverb of place. Sometimes, also, of time,' then," " thereupon." LINE 368 avro, Epic and Ionic ror Eddaavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic, mid. of daiw, more usually, middle daiotatz, "to divide:" fut. dapoLza: 1 aor. id6adarv. Observe that 6daoltat is commonly assumed as a present to form some of the tenses of dalt. LINE 369. Xpvaltda. Consult line 111.'Eear166tLov, gen. sing. of Ecard766aor', ov, "far-dar-dartzng. - L:NE 370. From E'caK, "afar," and p/i3dLX, " to hurl," or "dart." XaatrcoXtrvcov, gen. plur. of XaRKcoXirtov, WvoC, 6, 1, " arrap LINE 371. ed in tunics of brass," "brass clad," "brazen-mailed."From XaK'ic6 (consuit note on line 236, and Xtr7dv, "a tunic," ". an tender garment." Xwolt1evog, pres. part. of the middle deponent Xcoltatl, "to LINE 380. be incensed:" fut. X6o3olat: 1 aor. EXoacdqlv. - Akin to Haantv. Consult note on line 59. ToZo, Epic and Ionic for roV. E6'ajztvov, gen. sing. 1 aor. part. mid. of evXoeate. ConIINE 381. suIt line 43.'HKovoev, 3 sing. I aor. indic. act. of &KowO, "to hear:" fut. aio,5. ~ouaat: perf. (Attic) dKocicoa: (Doric) &alcoVKa: (later) Ktcovtca: 1 aor..Kovaa. The form eKovoto first occurs in Alexandrine Greek..i42coC, o, "dear." Taken here in its ordinary sense, not as a possessive.'Hey, Epic for Jjv, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of el', " to be."'HKce, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Zzvi, " t c end " fut. 7a o: INE 382- perf. eltca: 1 aor. tKea. OveuKov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. Epic and Ionic fox LINE *33. V~11OVEov, the augment being dropped, from &v'aKo, "It die:" fut. 9avoiovzat: perf. TrOvpca. EFracavcrepoi, nom. plur. masc. of IiraaarSrepo~, a, or, " one afte, another." This word is a comparative only in form, and comes fror Mri and'dcctarepoc, which is itself formed from ((qoev. ROMERI C GLOSSARY. 551 Line 384-392. livrfl. Adverb, less Correctlywritten n5,'(vay. Doric form LxNE 3s84. L ravra, not 7radT. —Ff 3m rn'C.'Ajuyt, Epic and.,Eolic for /ELzv. Another Eolic form for the same is a/Ii. LINE 385. Eid6r. Consult line 365.'Ay6peve, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act., Epic and Ionic for 7y6peve, the augment being dropped; from &yopevo. Consult line 365. Oeorrpoiriaf. Consult line 87. Kec2U6uLv, 1 sing. imperf. indic., Epic and Ionic for iEcKOA L #v, the augment being dropped; from the middle deponent xiKEo[Lat, "to bid," " to exhort." Literally, "to set in motion," and hence of the same family with ci2EgaO.'I;uaicreaOat, pres. infin. of middle deponent ZdaicKopaL (rarely liouat), " to propitiate:" fut. l2uaoat.ca. — From ZiXao, "propitious."'Arpeiova, accus. sing. of'Arpeiov, gen. ovor, o, "the son LINE 387. of Atreus." A patronymic, the same in meaning as'Arpe'lcs. Ad6ev, Epic and Ionic for ftXa6ev, the augment being dropped,'3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of ap6au6vos, " to seize upon,'" to take posses. sion of:" fut. a2pojLat: perf. e[2rlba, &c. Alga. Consult line 303.'Avaatri, 2 aor. part. act. of arvicaryt, &c.'H7re/XJaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of dneE;tEo,j "to threat L en:" fut. -W~, &c. Consult line 161. TereXeOjtEvof. Consult line 212.'EXicowreg, nonm. plur. of ELiKS.op, gen. bnroo, 6, " of the quick-rolling eye." Consult note on line 98.'AXaton. Consult line 2. LINE 390. Xpda'mv. Consult line 37. IIHurovavw, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of rri/rro, "to send," "to escort;" tut. 7r/tenpo: 1 aor. 6Ereqzpa. The perfect 7rriro/4a is later in origin. NEov, neuter accus. sing. of vE'o, taken adverbially, " but LINE 391. just now."-(Consult note.) KiltaiOev. Adverb, "from my tent." Literally, " out of or from a cot or hut." Consult remarks on K2aioaa, line 306. E6av, Epic and AEolic for E6laav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of pax vo, "to go;" fut. pflsotaa: perf. p6erlKra: 2 aor. e7v. Bptaiof, Epic and Ionic for Bptaoor, gen. sing. of Bpetaec LINE 392.,, Briseus." Consult note on line 184. A6aav, Epic and Ionic for Edoaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indk. act. of &5o,~ m " to give " fut. doaws: perf. di6oa: I aor. F,-d'~a' 2 aor.;dw, HIOMERIC GLOSSARY Line 393-399. LINE 393. ALvaaat, 2 sing. pres. indic. of dv~aaLt, "to be aelo," &e IlepiaXeo, Epic and Ionic for r'epigXov, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. mid. o repcax, " to encompass," " to embrace," "to surround:" in the middle,'to hold one's hands around another," and so "to aid, protect, defend," &c.-From wrept and lXw.'Erjoo, gen. sing. masc. of Ei'r-, "valiant," "gallant." This genitive, it will be perceived, is irregularly formed. The adverb it is saerely the neuter of this adjective. The Ionic form for Hid is cV. LINE 394. Oiav2uzuv6e. Consult line 221. A[aat, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. mid. of idraoyeat, "to supplicate," "1ti entreat:" fut.?2iao/zae: 1 aor. etXtacuv. Consult line 15.'2vt76aa, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of [vivput, " to gratify," LiNx. 395., o, E "to profit," " to aid," &c.: fut. ivtjato: 1 aor. dbvylaa There is no such present as Ovw7tu. In the middle, " to have gratification," ",to enjoy aid, help," &c. Kpa6i7v, Epic and Ionic for Kipdiav, accus. sing. of Kpadil, foi Kapdia, ag, ia, "the heart." Compare the Sanscrit hrid with the p' etic cpad-ia, another form for Kap6ia, and also the Latin cor, corI-is, English heart, &c. LINE 396. HIoX7let, Epic and Ionic for 7ro2;Uitl, "often." -;o, Epic and Ionic for cob. Meyatpotatv, Epic and Ionic for #eydqtpotf, dat. plur. ofyeya~pov,,,V rM, "a hall," "' a large room." —Fronm pcynr. "AKovua, Epic and Ionic for'icovaa, 1 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of hodwo, " to hear." Consult line 381. EigXojdvj7, gen. sing. fem. pres. participle of evxojuat, " to LINE 397. boast:" fut. e6rouzat: I aor. 7i#/v. Compare line 91. L'EqnSaOa, Epic and.Eolic for IOnc, 2 sing. imperf. indic. act. of ry1ei, "to say." As regards the ending la, consult line 85, remarks on ooeOa. Ke2Xalve6it; Epic and Ionic for KEiXatvedei, dat. sing. masc. of fe;rae,'eqrl, "dark cloud-enveloped."-From- e2Latvd, - "black," "dark," and 14o0f, "a cloud." K,oviovt, dat. sing. of Kpoviuv, cavoof, 6, "son of Saturn." Another form for Kpovidjg. Oly, Epic and Ionic for ola, nom. sing. fem. of olor, r, ov GINO 398. Epic and Ionic for oioc, a, ov,'.' alone."-Akin to iog, la Epic for eic, eia, and also to the Latin unulS, old form oinus. Aeptea. Consult line 341. TIiNE 399. vvdraalt, 1 aor. infin. act of tdv 6,d. "to bind,' "to bind HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 553 Line 399-404.'rml "'; frlt. 7aw.-From:Sv, for auv, and diw,'to bE'nd." As re. gards the employment of 5:v for rv'v, consult line 8.'H0eAov, 3 piur. imperf. indic. act. of E0C)oLw, " to will," " to wish," "to be inclined," &c.: fut. rio. The synonymous and shorter forn., k2Ao, never occurs in Homer or the later Epic writers. "Hpy7, Epic and Ionic for "Hpa, gen. ac, Epic and Ionic?jg, INE 400-., " Juno." Consult remarks on'poc, line 4. IfO(TEdiwv, gen. c6ovoc, o, Epic and Ionic for IIoet&ldv, livcC, 6, "Poseidon," the Latin " Neptune," son of Cronos and Rhea, brother of Jupiter, and god of the seas. Ilocecdfv is in Doric Greek not only HIoaetedv, but also lloretddcv. This latter form appeals to contain in the first syllable the same root that we find in iroTr6 and 7rorauog, and has the same reference, in all likelihood, to water and fluidity. (Ililller, Prolegom., p. 289.) HIatRX,1, gen. d(dor,, "Pallas," an epithet of Minerva. Consuit line 200.'A0jvaiiqv. Consult line 200.'~r'Te2dCrao, Epic and Ionic for rxre2Lvao, 2 sing. 1 aor. indie LINE 401. mid. of ivro:vo, "to rescue." Literally, "to loosen," "to untie:" fut. V7ro2ivao': I aor. 7r6r2vaa: 1 aor. mid. vrewpvaovu- v.-Old form of the second person vre2XLcaao: Epic and Ionic V2rc2~aa.o Attic hvre2vaco.-From v'6o and 2vto.' "ua, " quickly,"' poetic adverb of Wicv'S. Very frequent in L:NE 402. Homor; never occurring in the tragic writers.-Formed from &KScV, "4quick,' as rdXa is from raX v'.'EKar6yXetpov, aeci:s. sing. masc. of iEKaro67eqFpo~, ov, "hundred4anded."-(Consul i, Ees.) —From'KaroVv and XEip, the final v of Knar6v being changed to y in order to assimilate with the X that f!ollown. Makp6v, accus. sing. masc. of'!aKp/6, i, 6v, "lofty," "tall."-From ad.cor, Doric for yjecog, " length," &c. The root of yCic-og, f/lc-or, is Ukin to that of pyy-aC, Latin mag-nus, Sanscrit mah-at, I'ersian mih, or meah, German macht, &c. Bptapewv, accus. sing. of Bptlpeuo, gen. e,, 6, Briarcus." al 403. H —(Consult note, and compare Buttmann's Lexilogus, vol.., p. 231,'ot., where the name BptdpeO' is made equivalent to the (lermran " &tarkwucht.") Kaftovat, Epic and Ionic for KOca2oat, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of xaLX&o, " to atil:" fut. KaciaEo: pe: f. KtCirK z Consult line 54. Aiyaiwva, accus. sing. of Aiyaiwcv, gen. ove C, 6, " /Ega in;" tLNE 404 Dproperly, " the stormy one -.From aZ, "a storm," "a tern,,?st."'-(C.onsumt note.) Aa ~r i:5 fROM ERIC GLI)SSARY. L uze 401-409.:Aire. Consult note. BIV, Epic and Ionic for Pia, from fPi;,: aI, Erpic and Icaii fol /?ta Ad, 7, "strength," -'" might." WO, gen. sing. of the possessive pronoun'i, 9j,'v, "his, her. it." Aleivwv. Consult line 116. TiNE 405 KaOile o. Consult line 360. KI6eZ, Epic and Ionic for cvdet, dat. sing. of:i:or-, >En. sot, I'high renown," "glory." raiwv, pres. part. of yaio, " to exult," a radiral form seldom used. Homer always employs it in the phrase xvSel yaiwv. Akin to, and perhaps derived from it, are yaspoC, " exulting in," yavptua, ydvv.,. &c. Compare the Latin gaud-eo, &c.'TWedetoav, Epic for 7rirdetaav, 3 plur. I aor. indic. act of Nr4odeidw, "to dread." More literally, " to fear secretly," "to have. a secret dread of:" fut. ao.-From rwo and deido, "to fear."'Edi.aav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of Clv,, "to bind:" fut. d6~a7 perf. deicKa (but rare): -1 aor. extaa.. Mvcoaaa, noim. sing. fem. 1 aor. part. act. of JqUzv6KWco, "to LINE 407. iremind:" fut. /,vao: 1 aor. tiv 1pa. The middle deponent, auvotuaet, is used in the sense of " to remember." MlIjuvZcrac is merely a reduplicated form of the radical /vcio, like the Latin me min-i; and its root is akin to that of monco, and to the Sanscrit man, "cogitare." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 254.) IIaptfeo, Epic and Ionicefor rqapiCov, 2 sing. pres. imper. of the middle deponent 7rapitoyat, "to sit by the side of one:" fut. wrapedoduat.-From nrapd and E;opzaL. Aan6, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. of 2LagL6avw, "to take hold of:" fut. Ad.,oual: 2 aor. bAa6ov. rodvvov, Homeric form of the genitive plural of yo'vv, r6, " the knee," in place of the ordinary yova-rov. Ordinary genitive y6varo;:: Homeric yov'yarTo and yovv6f.. Ordinary nom. plur. y6vaTa: Homeric yo6vara and yonva.-The form y6vv is akin to the Sanscrit jdnu, Latin genu, English knee and knuckle.'E6iOPU;v, Epic for iOi:kp, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. of ~E0o, LINE 408. (Kiihner, ~ 206, 5.) Tpeacatv, Epic and Ionic for Tpivaw, dat. plur. of Tp6i', gen. wbc 6, "a Trojan."'Apifat, 1I aor. inif. act. of aip'y(o, "to lend aid:' fut. aip7uo: 1 aor Opia. —Akkin, perhaps, to hpitco, IpVeeo, arceo, arx, area. (Pott, Ety mol. Forsch., vol. i., p. 271.) LINE 409. IHpvvar, accus. plur. of npitvmn, ce, J;, El'o. and Ionic HOMERIC GOSSAR-Y. 553 Line 409-413. for irpUva, -Ir, t, " the stern of a ship." Strictly speaking, a fe:s. mine from rpuvyv6g, ~7, 6v,."hindmost," and hence 7rijuvj or 7rp#o va will be equivalent, literally, to rrpvuv' (or irpvsva&) vai3g, " tire hind. most partl of a shzp." Homer has it often in full irpv'IwV7 wqvf, where we might expect the accent to be 7rpvPv17, oxyton.'Aa. Compare line 314.'E;aat, 1 aor. infin. act. of ebio (more fiequently eiX&iw), "to hem 8a," " to press hard.". Radical signification, "to roll," or " twist tight up." In the active, Homer has only ezai2o, never eAdo. The same poet forms the first aorist and some other parts Irom the simple stemn or root e.-, thus: 1 aor. UIaa: perf. pass. ieE/uat, &c. (Butt mann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 83, ed. Fishl.) Kretvo/tuvovC, accus. plur. pres. part. pass. of KTErio, " to slaughter," "to slay:" fut. Krevr&: Ionic CTivCi, but in Htu mer always KrTEvEO, dEet, eel, &c.: 1 aor. LeKTeva: 2 anor. Ecravov: perf. cTrova: perf. pass. brcciiuat, but post-Homeric. Still later are the unattic perf. ErucsKa and bKr6vjetca. -Akin to Kaivw', ziavvptac Sanscrit kshi, "to destroy."'Erafpiwvralt, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. middle of EravpiaKouat, "to en ioy:" fut. bEravpiaoyat: 2 aor. r17?Vp6OeV. Unattic writers have a 1 aor. E7ravpdcu7v, infin. teraoipacaat. No present ravpdio occurs. The supposed root is acp.o. BaateZoC. Consult line 9. v.~, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of ytyvOaeo,, "' to knowu:" fut. LIo411; a: perf. Eyvwca: 2 aor. CEyvov. Consult, as regards the root, line 199. "Hv, accus. sing. fem. of or, ), 6v, " his, her, its."'Arpv, accus. sing. of Ury/, gen. nrj, I, " evil folly."-(Consult note.) -The original meaning of the term orT7 appears to be " distraction," "bewilderment," "folly," "blindness," " delusion," especially' a judi cial blindness," sent by the gods, and usually ending in guilt, and always in misery. Hence, in general, "rui.n," "bane," "mischief."Art/, personified, is the "goddess of m.schicf," author of all blind, rash actions, and their results.'ErtLev. Consult line 351. OrtEr, gen. lMo', and zo', 4, "Thetis," one of the Nereids, LIms 413. wife of Pelenus -' mother of Achilles. Xeovaa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of X'w, "to pour forth:' fut. Xevat. The form of the first aorist, EXcvaa, from the usual 1fbtore, yeraw, thong"l still quoted now and then, is probably not Greek 56b6 fHOMERIC G1,OSSARY. Line 413-418. T'he Epic aorist is Exeva, the Attic aorist'xea. Honmer employs thl iormer. We have eEav, 3 plur. only in 11., xxiv., 799.'Erpeqov, 1 sing. imperf. indic. act. of Tpow~, "to rear," INE414., "to nurture:" fut. Ope..: 1 aor. EOpEra': perf. rirpooa Consult line 251. Aavd, accus. plur. neut. of alv6o, 7, 6r, used adverbially, " unhap pily," "fearfully," &c. The more common adverbial form is atlh,. TeKofvaa, nom. sing. fem. 2 aor. part. act. of Tritr, "to bring forlh.' Consult line 352. AZ0e, Epic and Doric for edOe, "would that!" "0 that!' LINE 415. Observe that ed0e, with the optative, is said of things possible, but not likely; but, with the past tenses of the indicative, of things impossible.'OOe2ef, Epic and Ionic for eOteLeg, the augment being dropped, 2 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of 6m.e~aO,'to owe:" fut. boetXaa: i. aor.. &'(e2bov. The phrases e0' 05eeS' and iCf 0Be2eS' denote a wisei, lit erally, "O how thou oughtest," &c.'A6dapvrog, or, "without tears." Sometimes used in a passive,ense, "4unwept," as in Soph., Ant., 881.-From a, priv., and d6aepov'd to weep."'A7rurW ov, o, gen. ovoC, "uninjured."-From a, priv., and vr7/ao,'injury," - harm." H-6Oat, pluperf. infin., in sense of an imperfect, from zuat, GINE 416. 4 at,'Trat, &c., pluperf. ijv, tao, garo, &c. These two tenses are commonly assigned, as a perf. and pluperf., to Koyuat, " to lit." Alaa, 4n, i1, "a fated portion of existence," "one's appointed lot," destiny," "fate," &c. Akin to acvoS, atv/o, Latin aio, as fatum to fari. MivvvOa, adverb, "a little,"' "a very little." —(Consult note.) —Said, by some, to be, in fact, the accusative of an old nominative, pyvvvW, which is to be compared with the old adjective form?otvvc, and the Latin minus. AQv, adverb, " long," "for a long while." Akin to 6d, jdJ1.'21CUopof, os, "swift-fated," " early to die."-From uLxv~, LINE 417. "swift," and uppoS, "fate."'Ozivp6c, a, 6v, " to be pitied," " unfortunate."-From birn t, "wo," "misery." Though the penult of this word is always long in Homer, yet he forms the comparative and superlative, for the sake of the metre, in -trepoC and -6Sraror, instead of o.repof,-raro'. LINe 418.'Er)eoa, Epic and Ionic- for brov, and this for erir-L IXOMERIC GLOSSA.RY 5571 Line 418-423. 3 siag. imperf indic. mid. of rtAGo, for which, however, is much more usually employed the middle deponent 7rioa;uar, "to 6c." Con sult line 284. Aiay, dat. sing. of alta, V~,. Consult line 416. Ticov, Epic and Ionic for erelcov, 2 aur. of rCiKr, &c. MeyapoLaev. Consult line 396.'Ep'ovaa, nom. sing. fem. fut. participle, belonging to tpet, izr. 419. Consult line 76. TeprreKepacv9,," delighting in the thunderbolt." —From ripfro, "te;elight," and Kepadvov, "a thunderbolt." LINE 420. Eilt. Consult line 169.'Ayavvetov, accus. sing. mase. of eyaivvetor, ov, "very snowy."From ayav and viLw, "to snow." fliffyrat, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of rreiow, " to persuade:" middle 7reiOoLate, " to obey:" fut. ireiaozat: 2 aor. erLOoflv. IIap3/zevof, pres. part. of n7rip71tae, " to sit by," or " beside.' LINE 421. -From nrapa and tua4, with regard to which last consult ine 416, remarks under ioOal.'tcn0r6poLtav, Epic and Ionic for'icvn-xpolt, dat. plur. fem. of tKcicV?orp,;, Cv, "swift-going," " swift ocean-traversing'." —From clv5'f and r6pog, "a passing," "a way," &c. Mrvtce, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of 7lvio, " to rage," "tc INE~ 422. indulge in wrath against."-From?uvcr, "wrath." Consult, as regards utjt~SC, line 1.'Anrorav'eo, Epic and Ionic for U-onrravov, 2 sing. pres. imper. mid. of eiron-naaS, " to cause another to cease from a thing." Middle, " to,ause one's self to cease," &c., " to refrain."-From a'ro6 and nra5ow. 1a1Tn-av, " altogoether," adverb, euphonic form for nrcdvrrav.-Froa 7rda. The more. common prose form is 7rdvv or 7ravre0r,.'i2Kceav6v, accus. sing. of'%2/eav6r, ov, 6,"' Oceanus."-(Con. LinE 423. sult note.) —-Probably from (jn)K and veo, " the -apid-flow. ing." According to some, however, akin to'Q2yjv,'ayev6r,'Qy5yo1. Others, again, makeyEyivtoo equivalent to -.aXato6r. Consult Anthon's Class. Diet., s. v. Oceanus, sub fin. Api, uoveC accus. plur. of a~CtUwvC, ov, o,, "blameless." Consulh line 92. Aitoorr-ag, accus. plur. Epic for AMLOwsniar, as if from a nominativ' Altonrevs, gen. AiOton-ieoc, Epic and IorNic AZiEtoizof, " an Ethiopian,' No such nominative, however, as AiOowrrev appears, until later au thors, as Callimachus, actually formed one; and hence, in Homeric Greek, A'lOo7rraf must be assigned, as an irregu ar accusative, id A A A 2 I1OMEKIC GLOSSARY. Line 423-428. Aieio, orof,, J.. —From aom, " to burn," and e.p, "the via age," as m dicating a sunburned race.-(Consult note.) X&tL6, V',, &v, " of yesterday," and equivalent, properly, to 1i1NE 421. xeotlvdS. It is mostly, however, used, like the adverb Oite, with verbs; as, xOt6S Ei6y, " he went yesterday;" xObef jvOeE "thou canzest yesterday."-From xfe,' yesterday." Observe that TCle itself is the Sanscrit hyas, with which compare the Latin hesi, hesiternus, afterward heri and hesternus; as also the German gestern, English yeslr-een, yester-day, &c. Aa~ra, accus. sing. of daig, gen. batva6l, a, " a banquet," "a feast," "a meal."-From daic, "to divide," or "distribute," as referring to each guest's getting his share, and hence the Homericdaig Eiar7.'Eieovro, Epic and Ionic for eZ-ovro, 3 pluf. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent i7rosatL, "tofollow." Consult line 158 AudeKar7,, dat. sing. fem. of d&cjearog, 7e, Vo, "the twelfth." -From &d6deia.'ERevaerat, 3 sing. fut. indic. of lpjoltalt, "to come," or "go:' fut. edEvaoLat: perf. EL2.iZOa. lior/, Doric for 7rp6c, but of frequent occurrence, also, in LINE 426. Homer and Hesiod. NeaaKoe6a7r, accus. sing. neut. of XaaKo6gars, i, "brazen-founded," i. e., standing on brass; with brazen (i. e., solid) base, or with floor of brass.-From xa2Kd6 and paeivo..A5, old and Epic form for 6dada, aroC, do, " a mansion." Observe "hat 6d is not here by apocope, as the grammarians term it, for ddjSa, but the old language contained many words in particular cases, which were formed immediately from a verbal root; besides which, however, other and full forms came into general use. Thus we have 6,d in place of 6d(/a: KpI in place of Kptij: aAt in place of atqetrov, &c. (Kiihner, Q 303, Anm. 4.) rovvaaoact, 1 sing. fut. indic. of the middle deponent yovvINE v at,oa "to embrace one's knees," i. e., to entreat, to sup. plicate: fut. aotat.-From 2'6vv, " the knee." lIeiceoOat, fut. infin. middle of 7reeOw, &c. OUw Consult line 59.'Arce-6aero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. middle of 67ro6aiv.), "to IJNE'28. depart;?. fut. &dro637aopat: 2 aor. mid. ca7re67oja6unv. Observe that the 2 aor. is here formed with the characteristic of the I aor., namely, a. Some verbs form their 2 aor. in the same way while others form their 1 aor. with the characteristic of the 2 aor Buttlrann, t 96, note 9.) It was formerly the custom to regard such NOMEWU GLUot ARY'. 35) Line 428-453 forms as ieaoero, Edvoero, &c., as derived from the future, and as be. tng imperfects wvith aoristic force, a doctr ine not even yet fully abandoned. (Carmichael's Greek Verbs, p. 49.) Such a formation, however, is contrary to the analogy of the language.'Efar-e, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of Xei7r-, " to leave;" fut. Reipw: i aor. ei;zrov. A6rov, adverb, "there." Originally a neuter genitive of avr'r, and, nI full, r' avrofii rTO r6w'ov, "at the:!ert place." L1NE 429. Xou6uevov.' Consult line 44.'EDi0tvoto, Epic and Ionic for eu6~vot, gen. sing. fem. of eS'voe-, ooa, w' leel-cinctured." (Consult note.)- From E.i and ~&vl, "the lower girdle," in female attire. (MillUer, Archteol. d Kunst, ~ 339, 3.) Bip, Epic and Ionic for fie, dat. sing. of fii7, 2r, q, Epic I and Ionic for Pia, ag, i7, "force," "violence."'AiKovr~J. Consult line 301.'ArvT6pr.v, $ plur. imperf. indic. act. of (i7ravpaic, "to take away,'''to wrest rrom," &c. Observe that the present iuravpdw, though here given, does not, in fact, occur. The early writers mostly follow Homer in using the imperfect with a species of aoristic signification: thus, airr*vplwv, d(rMpcag, irpv'pac, &c. We have, however, also the aorist forms cino'JpaS and dTrovpdpevog. Consult line 356. "IKavev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of K(LMvW, "to come," "to LINE 431. proceed to," &c. An Epic and lengthened form of iKo.'EKsa7oro6v. Consult line 65. AqeavoG, gen. sing. of 2e.rjv, d, "a harbor," " a haven."Lini& 432. Akin to.(u v'. HIov6evOiog, gen. sing. mac. of rro3?v6evO7f, i,g "very deep." From 7ro.v.g and fivaog, " depth."'IKovro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. mid. of the deponent Icvioeoate, 4"te wome;" fut. I'ouat: perf. iytat; 2 aor. mid. ic6orlv. - Lengthened Form of Z'KW.'Iarca, accus. plur. neut. o' lariov, ov, r6, "a sail" of a [ANE 433. ship. Properly a diminutive, but only in form, of larO;,' a web," and meaning, originally, any web, cloth, or sheet. —Homer usually employs the plural form. ZreiXavro, Epic and Ionic for Iareii.avro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid lle of ariD2o, b to arrange," " to equip," &c.: fut. te7AX:'1 aor latretXa: 1 aor. mid. ekaretXaF4v.-The radical meaning of this verl is, to set,'" "to place." i. e., ma'ke to stand up, fix; especially" t, wet in order," " to arrange." Then, collaterally, " to fu.rnish," &c. So arri07.etv via, "to rig orfit out a ship." From the sense of getting t560 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Line 433-436. a ship ready, and the like, comes that of "to dispaich on an exs tA tion;" and, in general, " to dispatch," " to send," &c. In the middle it here, as elsewhere, appears as a nautical term, iariSa a'ri;Leoert, to take in orfurl the sails," &c. eOaav, Epic and Ionic for iOeaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. cf TriWuu, to place;" fut. jauoc: perf. -'0euzca:' or. En;,a' " aor. 010jv.From a radical form i69, whence 9/7'jt, and, by renuplication, O~isOp, changed, for euphony sake, into riyplt.'IarT6v, accus. sing. masc. of iarT6, ov,, " the mast of a LINE 434. ship." -From ZrinttL, "to place or set upright."- Another meaning, which we have seen elsewhere, is, " the bar or beam of the loom," &c. Consult line 31.'Iarod06oc, dat. sing. of iaro66dK7, WC, i?, "a receptacle for the mast," " a mast-hold,"' a piece of wood standing up from the stern, on which the mast rested when let down.-From lardf, "a mast," and oXotezat, " to receive." ftiraaav, Epic and Ionic for Eni7raaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of -srdEe'), "to bring near," "to cause to approach," "to brihn unto."Used, also, in an intransitive sense, " to approe h," " to draw near;" fut. 7reisawt: 1 aor. brxiaa a.- From ir~gac, "nearl." lporovottevy, Epic and Ionic for xrpoT6votf, dat. plur. of 7rporovof, ov,) 6, "a rope, or main-stay," passing over the head of the mast, and secured at both the prow and stern.-(Consult note).-From 7rp6, "in front," and reiIvw, "to stretch."'ToEivret, nom. plur. 2 aor. part. act. of vbizut, "to let down," " to lower;" fut. bv'act. —From ivr6 and zlyt, " to send." LINE 435. Kapnra[i2ag. Consult line 359.'O0yuov, accus. sing. of Oip/ot, ov, 6, " a moorage," " an a.chorage," "a berth for a ship."-Belongs to the root eZpw, Latin sero, " to tie," "to fasten," and akin to eplo', "'' a series." HIpo'peaaav, Epic and Ionic for 7rpor/peaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic act. of 7rpoepEaa'o, "to row forward;" fut. 7rpoepCeo': 1 aor. -rporipeaa -From 7rp6, "forward," and &poa.cs, "to row."'Eperyiolf, dat. plur. of EperTo5g, ob, 6o, "an oar." In the plural, however, the neuter form Eperlzd, dv, is usual.-From ipiaawz, "ta rowv." Evdva, accus. plur. of ebvW, ~f, a, " a sleeper," a large stone LINE 436. used to secure a ship in her place. (Consult note.) Orig. inal meaning, " a couch," "a bed;" then, "a bedfellow," "' a sleeper," &c.-Akin to eb&o.'EUaaov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of Bdi241.1 "to cast;" frL. 3al oerf &3dar2nKa: 2 aor. MlaA;ov. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 436-4441. -lpvpur*ala, accus. plur. neuter of r,-vav'Jca, wv, ri,;,he stern fasts," the ropes from a ship's stern to fasten her to the shore The term is, in fact, an adjective, np/vpjuaLor, a, ov, "of, or belong Ing to a ship's stern," so that 7rpvpvacta, in the plural, has dreaai oi aXOtvia, " ropes," properly understood.-From rrpr vl, "' the stern of I whip."'Edaav. Consult line 406. Balvov, Epic and Ionic for iEawvov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of paivw, 1" to go;" fut. tihao at, &c.'P.yCdvt, dat. sing. of r2yulv, or, rather,'ny/tig, ivor, o, properly 6' the sca breaking on the beach," "breakers," " surf." This meaning is plainly marked in II., xx., 229, and Od., xii., 214. In other places it is needlessly taken to mean " the rugged beach," and as equivalent to fA.axa, but even taxia has only this sense in Attic. Homer always joins it with c2,56 or a;ic2am7c, in which cases we may render it by.the term " edge." Thus, erri P15y1fivt OaEcaaar in the present passage may be rendered, "upon the edge of the sea." —From qjuaals or jiyvvutZ,, " to break." 438. Baav, Epic and Ionic for E6naav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of caivo. Consult line 310, remarks on fjae. - B1, Epic and Ionic for Ei6, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. 3l LINE 439. HIovror6poto, Epic and Ionic lor 7rovrorrpov, gen. sing. fern. of:rov7rowrpo,,, "ocean traversing," "scailing over the deep."-From 7rOVTo, "a the deep," and reipo. Bolzjov, accus. sing. of fs6y oO, o 6, o" an altar." Properly, LINE 440. any elevation whereon to place a thing, " a stand," " base," " step," &c., but mostly used of erections for sacred purposes, as an altar, with steps leading to it, &c.-From fdow, faivw, conveying the idea of ascent. lo24Xrtrt~. Consult line 311. LINE 441. 4[iQ2. Taken as a possessive. Consult line 20. Ti~eL, Epic and Ionic for E7Tiest, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of r0E'O, "to jplace," poetic and Ionic form for 1i6lpt, used by Homer only is ftas 3 sing. imperf., e'riOe, and, as here, riOe. Never occurs in Attie Greek. LINE 442. XpOar,, voc. sing. of Xpvad4 ov, 6' Ciryses "'AygpEv, Epic, Doric, and Eol.c for dysev. Coi;sul: Ltim 443 line 78.'Pf:at, 1 aor infin. act. of ge, "to offc up:" fut. baiw I-INE444. 1 aor. epoEa. Consult line 3J5. -ti2. HOMERIC GLOSSAR Y. Line 444-450.''12aaodjuEra, Epic for i2taacjtceOa, 1 plur. 1 aor. subj. of the middle -,eponent itXK7oscat, "to propitiate:" fut. i2oiaoat. --- From Uiaao, "provitious." L o a 445. rova, accus. plur. neut. oi rro2wVrolboo, or,,productive of many groans," " causing many groans."-From -ro. tiS and c-revo, "to groan." Kld6.z, accus. plur. of ic7,6o0, cog, Tr, "wo," "sorrow," especAlly uourning for one dead. —From Ksidw, " to trouble," " to distress."'E6icev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of tEiblet, " to send upon," " to in;it:" fut. 6cawco: perf. qfectca: 1 aor. kiqKa.-From wri, "upon," and Mirt, " to send."'Ed6iaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. middle of fdXo/aaz, "to receive." Xatpcjv, pres. part. of xalpw, " to rejoice." Tot, Epic and Ionic for ol, nom. plur. of o,, r6, the old LINE 447. form for which was rg6, r~, rT6, nom. plur. 0ro, rat, ra.'&2Ka. Consult line 402. K;erLU7v, accus. sing. fem. of KcLrtr6C,, v,IV, splendid." Properly. "renowned," "famous." —From Keiut, " to celebrate," " to render fa mouS." LIE'Eief, adverb, "in continued order," "in a row," "one after another." Poetic for tS6, and this from coX: fut. kfw, " to hold on," i. e., to continue, &c.'Eanaoav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of aructt, " to place:" fut. arUT. aw: perf. UarcrKa: 1 aor. E'ar7aa, "Iplaced:" 2 aor. Eacr/v, "I stood."'E.V$rCov, accus. sing. masc. of H6tey-rog, ov, "well-built," or " fasAhioned," of stone work.-From ev and diuwo, "to build." "to con. Stl trs." Xepvbpavro, Epic and Ionic for bxepviav7ro, 3 plur. 1 aor. LINE 449. indic. of the middle deponent xepviwrotLat, "to wash one'a handz," i. e., with ]ustral or holy water, especially before sacrifice: fut yepvipoyata: I aor. iXEpvoPat/zV. - From X,yep and vi7rrW, " t wash." O30oX7T0aC, accus. plur. of ob~oXdrat, ctv, ai, " buised or coarsely. grounf barley-meal" (mixed with salt), and sprinkled over the head of the victim at a sacrifice.-From oi?)ai, "coarse barley," and XEcO "to po.ur," " to spiinkle copio-:sly."'AvZocaVro, Epic and Ionic for cirVEiavro, 3 Ilur. 2 aor. indic. mid. of avatoto, " to take up:' fidt. dvatpcao: 2 aor. aveZ2ov: 2 aor. mid, QviE2AWl v.-iFrom cvca and alpw,'; to take." EiXETO, Epic and Tonic for 77vXero, 3 sing. imperf indin Lw,~ tq Xmiddle of ei.ouat, -" to prav." Consult line 43. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. sf] Lzne 450-460. Avaax6~, 2 aor. part. act. of (cviXo, "to uplift," " 19 hold up;" fut. idvow and ivaaXuaG: perf. atvwaX7lca: 2 aor. arEvaov. —.From aci6 and E.o. Ildpor, adverb, "before,"-"fo)rmerly." -In form, irdpo. stands between 7rapn, 7rp6, and Trp6o', though, in significa-,ion, it belongs to 7rp6.'EKtvec, 2 sing. imperf. indic. act., with aoristic signification, o1 KUfW, " to hear;" a present, however, which does not occur in the HIomeric writings.-Compare the Sanscrit cru, Latin cluo, aus-cll.. to, &c. F2i'.ativoto, Epic and Ionic for efa/svov. Consult line 43. Titj7aac, Epic and Ionic for tri- naag, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. LINE 454. - act. of rtuIo, "to honor;" fut. Urtuiao: 1 aor. ktri/vaa. "'Iiao, Epic and Ionic for pow, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. of the middle deponent irrouate, "to afflict."'More literally, "to press hard," " to press down;" fut. iqpoLa': 1 aor. ip6/y7v. —Old form of the second person, l'aao: Epic and Ionic, hlao: Attic, hpo. - From the root i7roC, " a weight," " a burden," whence comes, also, bLr6o. LINE 455.'ErtKprirpvov. Consult line 41.'Et2dowp. Consult line 41. Aavaoatwv. Consult note on line 42. Evfavro, Epic and Ionic for 27vavro, 1 aor. middle of e'. LINE 458. Xopat, "to pray." — po66OYvro, Epic and Ionic for irpoe6dAoviro, or, rather, irpot6iatov ro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. middle of'rpo6dcuo, "to cast forward," "to,prinkle;" fut. 7rpo6a~i: perf. 7rpoG6Zria a: 2 aor. 7rpoi6a3oo,: 2 aor midd. 7rpoe6ao6tiv or 7rpotv6a26/ut7v. A'kUpvaav, Epic and Ionic for act'pvaav, 3 plur. 1 nor. inLINE 459. dli. act. of avepvw, " to drauw back;" fut. avepv)co: 1 aor a npvoa.-Fromr a,," back," and Epow, "to draw."'Eaoiqaav, 3 plur.. 1 aor. indic. act. of apio, "to cut the throat" of a victim, " to slay;" hence, " to offer in sacrifice."-The root is prob. ably aoay, as it appears in the 2 aorist, eaoqayov, and in aIay7', &c.'Edeepav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of dUip, "to flay," "'o skin," said of animals, &c.: fut. dep5: 1 aor. Idetpa: perf.,dtdapsa.-Compare the Sanscrit drz, " to cut asunder." 4 M7pov6, accus. plur. of irpo6:. ov, od, "the thigt;" properly, the upper, fleshy part of the thigh, the ham. Homer usea the word of animals only in the phrase nrpooi E &d.apv. —Cous11ul'ine 40, remar"k on uplia. Wi6i4 HOMERIC GLOSSAR1. Line 460-464. E4TSr,,o', 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of eiKTivw, " to cut out;' # ooCf E1TIrvtv, "to cut the bones out of the thighs before offering them:' fut. E -z/s3: perf. Ecv7'rUltKca.-From iic, " out," and -ruvto, " to cut." Kv'a<, dat. sing. of Kvia, tS, ~, "the fat" in which the flesh of the victim was wrapped and burned. -Consult line 317, where it iccurs in its primitive sense of the savor of a burned sacrifice. EiKZa,vilav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of Ka2XrVrru6, " to cover;" ft.i tae6hrc.-The root is icaXv6 or tKavwr, which appears in cKa?.6v6, Ke..,027, ico!ogf. I AtrrvXa, accus. sing. fem. (agreeing with cviaav under stood), from dirTv:, gen. di7rnvxog, an adjective of one termination. (Consult note.)-Frorn 6i, " twice," and 7rTvaoC, "tofold."'&4toOirnaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of duo0erEco, " to place the raw pieces" cut from a victim, on the thigh bones, when piled in order, and wrapped in the fat membrane. fut. awo. Only a poei.a word. -From D(ogd, "raw," and r7iOFt, "'to place." Kate, Epic and Ionic for icate, 3 sing. imperf. inpio act. of Kati, " to bu'n." Consult line 52. 2~;yic, Epic and Ionic for axi[aIf, dat. plur. of aX/ica (Epic allu [onic aXifn), gen. If, ia, "a,Sck of cleftrwood."-From oqXo, " tcleave." AZOotra, accus. sing. masc. of at'oi, gen. oirog, adjective of one ermination, "dark-red," as an epithet of wine.-From a[Eo, "to bvrn," and Ap, "look." Consult remarks on AiOtozrwar, line 423. L Ae6e, Epic and Ionic for EvE,6e, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of e~i6wo, "to pour a libation:" fut. moa. Compare the Latin libare, libatio. NMot, nom. plur. of vEOc, vEa, vyov, Epic and Ionic vioC, v67, vnov, "new," " young." In the plural, ve'o, and oi votC, " youths," " young mnen."-The word vor must have been, originally, vJoF. Compare the Sanscrit nava, Latin novus, German neu, and English' new.'Exyov, Epic and Ionic for eiov, 3 plur. imferf indic. act. of kqu'. " to hold." lIIezr6i6o2a, accus. plur. neut. of irejur6c6o2Jov, ov, r6,';a fiv.e pronged fork," used, in sacrifices, for stirring the fire, and especially for holding down the flesh in its place. (Consult note.)-From r-gy re, /Eolic for 7rnvre, "five," and 6o2,6Cr, same as U5e;Lo6, "a spit," "a prong." 464. Mpa, cov, ra, "the thighs.'" Rarer Homeric plural from LINE,464. Fyp6r, oi~, 6, the plural being formed here in the neuter by a' species of metaplasm; like d Veau6f, plur ra deaul. aIJMEkIC GOLOSSA, 5iOl Line 464-467. ZirAypXva, accus plur. of aoracayXvov, ov, r6, "unll nward pait, art entrail." In the plural, ar2acyxva ale the " inward pacts' ol entrails," i. e., the nobler parts of them, such as the heart, lungs, liver, which remained in sacrifices to be roasted at the fire, and eatn1 or tasted by the sacrificers, as a beginning of their feast. From this it will be perceived that the acr2cdyXva are the viscera thoracis, us distinguished from the bowels, or viscera abdominis.-The term le probably akin to carv, " the milt," or " spleen." E7ra'aavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. of the middle eeponent 7rar'do/ae, " to eat," "to feed cn," and simply " to taste:" 1 aor. eir-aacF7v: perf. n&rau!at. An Epic and In nic verb. The a in the radical syllables is always short, which at once distinguishes the aorist Er6adaciv, part. irdcgaievof, of rar'opzam, from Erdcaariuv, w7rca fevoc, aor. of 7rciouat, "to get, acquire," &c. Mia-rvXuov, Epic and Ionic for i'uarTV2VoXv, 3 plur. imperl. indic. act. of tearOTVXO, "to cut into small pieces," "to cut up;" always said, in Homer, of cutting up meat before roasting.Skin, perhaps, to 1yrv2Rog, UZrto~, and Latin mutilus.'O6eoiaov, Epic and Ionic for b6e3uoZc, dat. plur. of O6e6of, oi, 6,,(a spzt." —'O6e05f6 is merely p/Zof, with o prefixed.'Ewretpav, 3 plur. I aor. indic. act. of 7reipo, " to pierce through alnd through;" fut. oept: 1 aor. &wretpa: 2 aor. bErapov: perf. pass. n-'7rerpuat. —From iripa, " an end," " the last or highest point," &c. &Qi2rr.aeav, 3 plur. 1 aor. irndic. act. of 0brriaw, "to roast;" NR 466-. ffut. 6?r7iio: 1I aor. 67t-roa.-Akin to Eho. fIlpotpaiw~C, adverb, "carefully." —From nreptcpad6i, and this from -reptop(t'ouat, " to think about," " to consider on all sides," " to be carefuE about." Consult remarks on bpdaat, line 83.'Epvaavro, Epic and Ionic for i'pvaavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of pv'w, " to draw off;" fut. epov': 1 aor. ipva. The Epic and Ionic present is eitpv, fut. repi6ou, &c. IIzavavro, Epic and Ionic for E7ravaavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. in. m J467. dic. mid. of xravw, "to cause another to cease." Middle, o cause one's self to cease," "to cease;" fut. irasao, but no perfect utive seems to have been used. TerriKovro, 3 plur. of the reduplicated 2 aor. mid. of re'XO, "to prepare;" fut. treVtJ: 1 aor. Ereva: 2 aor. ErvKov, and, with reduplication, rerviKov: 2 aor. mid. irvlco6ulv, and, with reduplication, rervU6j??v Aalra, accus. sing. of 6alt, datr6g, i, "a banquet," " a feast," " r meal."-From daito, " to divide," "to distribute.". e. as a share at banquets, &c. BBs 5Nii nHOMERIC (GLObSAR~. Line 468-472. AarivJi vr, Epic and Ionic for Etda.!vvvTo, 3 plur. ilIper'. lB die. middle of dalvvyl, " to feast." Literally, "to dis,ib. ute," assign as a share, espocially at meals Pr banquets: fut. mid. Jaiao/uaz — From 6acw, " to divide," " to distribute." EdeVero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of the deponent devoyat. "t o feel the want of," " to be deprived of;" fut. 6evcjaoace. There is also an active form dedcO, but of less frequent occurrence.-Observe that deiv and dev'oyae are Epic and lEolic for 6d& and diopat.'Etang, gen. sing. fem. of fiaos, Etay, iaetov, Epic and poetic length.. ened form from laog, rl, ov, "equal," "alike.": 6 t Ilor, gen. sing. of r,6a, tor, to, "drinking."-From rrtlvw, LE 469,;" to drink."'EdiTrVo, gen. sing. of id&rTvf, vo, o,, "eating," "food."-From Edc. t; o eat." ES, " away." Adverb in Homer. Afterward a preposition.'Epov, accus. sing. of Epof, 6v, O, the oldest, but a merely poetic form of ipwug, " desire," " love.'.''Evro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. middle of /,uet, " to send," "to send away;" more frieely, "to take away;" fut. 1c: I aor. Ka: 2 aor mid. j7yv, eao, &c. Koipot, nom. plur. of co/rpoC, ov, o, "a youth," "a boy." LINE 470. Epic and Ionic for i6pot, from K6pof, ov, O. As regards the derivation, consult remarks on. icodpyv, line 98. Kpn7ripaf, accius. plur. of Kp?710p, jpog, O, Epic and Ionic for cpacr'p, ipog, o, "'a mixer." (Consult note.)-From.Kepavvv1ui, " to mix."'EDrEaarVavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of Eirtari(o, "to fill brim (igh" (consult note): fut. E7rtaTar o: I aor. Eircareipa: 1 aor. mid rarearcipu7yv.-From btri and aric0o, "to crown," &c. Horo0o, Epic and Ionic for iror7oV, gen. sing. of Tror6v, ovi, 7(, 1"1drink." Observe the distinction between this form and rr6Tor, ot 6, "a drinking-bout," &c.-From. rivo, 7r3oao, " to drink." N(c3/urav, Epic and Ionic for'vcualcav, 3 plur. 1 aor. In LixE 471. die. act. of vwtdico, "to distribute;" fut. vo/uoao: 1 aor bvPt6 nz.-From vi/to, " to distribute."'ErTapf4evVot, nom. plur. 1 aor. part. middle of rdppoX. (2Jonsull aote.) AEfreieaaCv, Epic and Ionic for derractv, dat. plur. of di7rac, aog,,:,'a Cup." Hlavr//p:oct, nom. plur. masc. of ravt7upeog, a, ov, (" all dup LiNE 472. long," " loing a h:ing all day." - From r.FiC, "all," aad b "ta, "a d ru." HOMERIC GLOSSA RY 56'i Line 472-477. M1a-r# dal. silJg. of ao;urr?, By, a, "song." Sometimes said of song and dance combined, in honor of a deity. In the present pass. age, however, it refers to song alone.-From i; X-roa, "to sing," &c'7.daciovro, 3 plur imperf. indic. of the middle deponent iXG.6Icoiat; " to propitiate,"',to appease;" fut. itdaojlat. -From'iaoS, "prom tious."'AeiovrTEq, nom. plur. pres. part. act. of deido, "to sing,': Epic and Ionic for,ds. fut. aw. Consult line 1. Hiatlova, accus. sing. of 7raltov, ovog, o, "a poean," "a festa. hymn.",Consult note.)-From HIaetv, an appellation of Apollo as the healing deity; the burden of the song being all or io IIatdv, in thanks. giving for deliverance from evil. LINE 474.'Eicciepyov, " the far-working one." Consult line 14/. TiprTerO, Epic and Ionic for krTpirTEro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. pass. of rEprw, " to delight;" fut. repkcyo: 1 aor. rTeplpa.-The Greek rip. 7ryo is the Sanscrit trip, "gaudere," ".satiari." Probably akini tc'Huosg, "when," Epic, Ionic, and poetic adverb. Doric LiNE 475. form 4Cuos. The Attics employ Ore in its place. Not to be confounded with //u/i, TEol. EyoSg, for aft/repo6.'Heitog, Epic; Ionic, and poetic for i2tog, ov, 6, "the sun." Karidv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of caradvac, or KaraTdvav, "to go down," "' to go under;" fut. KaTadV'caw: 1 aor. earefdvaa: 2 aor. KdIre uvv.-From Katrd, "down," and 6vo or dS5vo, " to go," &c. Kvi'oag, aoc, r6, "darkness." In Attic the genitive is KV~iovc: ir later writers, also Kiviarog. Attic dative Kviqa, but Epic alway:i KvOad. - From vi6og, "a cloud," "mist," &c.: akin to yvo6oo and 6dv6oc. Koyeaavro, Epic and Ionic for Eicotjqaayro, 3 plur. 1 aor. LINE 476. indic. middle of iKotiwo, " to lull another to sleep." In: the middle, " to lull one's self to sleep," "' to lie doewn to sleep:" fut. rijo.Akin toW edlZata, KuCia, and Latin cumbo and cubo. Ipvwevicrta. Consult line 436.'HptyEveta, " child of the morning," "' daughter of the dawn." LNEL477. Feminine form of ijptyevis, and always employed as ar. epithet of'H6s, or "Aurora."-From jpt, " early," "at early dawn,' and the radical yvw o. it'ivj7, Epic and Ionic for ednvy, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic, pass. in a mid. dle sense, of oaivw, " to show another;" in the middle, "' to show one' odff" "to apprapr:" fut. have: fu'. mid. p'!pobuat: 2 aor. act. t'a 5 )MERIC G LO~2A1t' Line 477-48, vov: 2 aor. pass Eiv'71. —Lengthened from the root bn-, which at -'ears in ~aof, 1hlig ht " Sanscrit bhd, " lucere."'Podo0'KTV2Lo f, ov'rosy-fingered," an epithet of H6C. "Aurora, or the morning-qed.-From P6dov, "a rose," and d6K1TrvLof " a finger.''116f, gen. o6of, contr. nooif: dat.'6i, contr. Woi: accus noa, contr jic, "Aurora," " the morning-red," "daybreak," " dawn " &c. In the cresent passage, Aurora, the goddess of the morning e., the morning personified.'Avciyovro, Epic and Ionic for eivMjyovro, 3 plur. imperf. in IN 478. dic. middle of avbyco. (Consult note.) L'I4uevov, accus. sing. mase. of ZKuLevof, y, ov, "fair," "fa. vorable." Used only in the phrase [Kpevof oiSpog, "a fair breeze."-Probably from lcKucfp, icpaiv&o, "smooth," "softly gliding," 3pposed to a rough, boisterous wind. According to others, who write ZievoOf with the rough breathing, it comes from iKPVE'ocat, and deniotes a following, and so a favorable wind. Compare the Latin ventus secundus. Obpov, accus. sing. of obpof, ov,', "a fair wind or breeze," right astern, and best derived, therefore, from ovpa, "a tail-wind," "a stern-wind."'"Ie, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act., Epic and Ionic (as from a form 14)), of'/ez, "to send." Compare remarks on 0z'el, line 25. Zrj7aavro, Epic and Ionic for iiarejavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. in. LixE. 480. die. mid. of aUrrnqt, " to place," " to set up," " to erect." IIIrvaaav, Epic and Ionic for EirTraarav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act of,reraivvvUt, " to spread," "to expand;" fut. Irera7oo: I aor. Eirc'raaa ~-Akin to. 7rroflat, srirTaeat, " to spread the wings in flight." Ilpjaev, Epic and Ionic for iErpvaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic LINE 48 1. -act. of. irpe06o, " to blow," "to stream powerfully:" fut. frpi ~o: 1 aor. Eprrpaa. Hence'rpar1rp, "a violent wind." L reip, dat. sing. of areipy?, elc, i/, Epic and Ionic for trriLINE 482. pa, ac, 7, "' the keel of a ship." More literally, "the stotz beam of a ship's keel," especially the carved part of it, the cutwater -Strictly speaking, the feminine of are7pof, a, ov, "firm," "'stoutr' " solid." HIopf'apeov, "dark," nom. sing. neut. of -nopoVpeor, a, ov, Epic q, ov: Attic 7ropovpoaiS, a, ovv. Tie first notion of this adjective was probably of the troubled sea, " da-k," "purple," as coming from Sroooispo (probably a reduplicated fcrm of 6peo), " to grow dark," and said especially of the sea; as in the following: e'S 6re aronP/opf z'T4a. toe ptuya Ki uart ~&,5 "as when the vast sea grows saoZ.:ib its HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 5(9 Lizne 482-488 dumb swell" (i. e., with waves that do not bleak, opposctl to KoA/. ar), II., xiv., 16.-Afterward used to indicate dark-red, hut varying in shade, &c. The common derivation from 7rvp and Eppo is erro icous. Meydia, neut. accus. plur. of /eyac, taken adverbially.'Iaxe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of idxw, i" to roar;" fut. laxqca yerf. taXa L "Eeev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of &co.), " to rutn," ful. LIuE 483. at. Aaw-rpijaaovaa, Epic and Ionic for dla7rpd6aaovaa, nom. sing. fenl pras. part. of dLairpaaw: fut. d6aTrp/7S, Epic and Ionic for dtarrpda tW, fut. deawrpES&, "to accomplish," "' to perform."-From did anh 7rpiaio. KDievOov, accus. sing. of K;E2evOor, ov, ~, "a route," "a course," &c. In the plural, r7' KcievOa.-According to some, from KENoS, IK 6e(jO: but more naturally from the radical Eie606o, " to come or go."'Hzreipoto, Epic and Ionic for'reipov, gen. sing. of Iretpot, LINE 485. ov, ~, " the shore." Literally, -" the main-land," but in Ho. Iner usually said of the land as opposed to the sea. —Usually derived from iXretpoC, " boundless," &c., scil. y7.'Epvacav, Epic and Ionic for'ipvcav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of etpd, " to drag," "to draw.". Consult line 466. LINzE 486.'1Tbo, adverb, "high," "high up."-From vbbor, "height.'?a/adOote, dat. plur. of ~Pa"aioc, ov, y, "sand," especially of the sea-shore; also the sandy shore itself.-A poetic form of fiuppioc which last is from ~inil, "to crumble away," " to comminute."'Epiarea, accus. plur. of sppua, al'of, 76, "a prop." (Consult note.} Tdvvaaav, Epic. and Ionic for irdvaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of -ravuo, "to extend;" fut. 7ravbcw: perf. pass. rerdvvwoua. —This verb, like many others in -vdw, passes into -vAue, as ti^JVjut, whence the passive 6v.WvIuat, in 11., xvii., 393.-From a root rav, akin to -rev, as in Sanscrit tan, " extendere." Compare iretvw, fut..ev-6j, and rEVOr; -iveiv, as also the Latin ten-do, ten-eo, ten-us, ten-or; the German Xn. and English thin.'Eaicidvavro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid. of aT6tdvl/uL, " to be,I{NE 487. scattered."-'-n the middle, " to scatter themselves." A collateral form of aKed6vrv/act. The active actgdvyir seems to remain only in compounds. Movie, Epic and Ionic for pvtle, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act of 7yviCo,," to cherish?wrath;" fc t. pyrlao.-From uyve, " wratht.".B 2 570 HOMERIC CG,OSSARI. Line 488-495.. 1iiarg/es of. Consult line 421.'fIKVTr;otlaltV. Consult line 42!. LINE 489. AtoyEvrl7. Consult line 337. HllXE/or, gen. sing. of II/2e7J5, gen. eCr, Ionic lc;, "Pelcus."'Th Epic poets sometimes, as in the present instance, saorten the fiina long vowel in the genitive, for the sake of the verse. Thus, 1171 XEo, for nIIaeoc. lI(AuGaKcro, Epic and Ionic iterative imperfect, 3 pertL1N 490. son singular for -rGw2Le7ro, from r-tgoteat, "to go or comeifrequently to a place." The Ionic, but more especially the Epia dialect, and frequently, in imitation of these, the tragic style, form a peculiar imperfect and aorist form in -eaKov, -EXCeE, -Eace, and in the middle or passive'-ecKatrv, -EcKOv, -~EcKET-o, to indicate an action often repeated, and hence this is called the iterative form.-(Kiihner ~ 110, 1.) Kvdiveztpav, accus. sing. fem., as if from a masculine in -uvwp, -maHing men illustrious." (Consult note.)-From.c'dog, "renownz," and cdvp.-Compare'otravipstp, line 155. qDOcv6CKEec, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act.: iterative for. ibt LINE 491. -iE0'vvOc, from vlJV0ito, "to pine away;" and also transitive, "to waste away," "to cause to pine."-Observe that b0tcvd0 is a poetie form for D0ivo, and, as regards the termination -ease, consult line 490. biXov, " his." Taken as a possessive. Consult line 20. A$Ot. Adverb, shortened from avrr60t, "there," "on tnh spot."-Said, also, of time, "forthwith," "straie'htway." HioOdE'oce, 3 sing imperf. indic. act.: iterative fobrm for'Exc0et, from rroOd6, " to long for;" fut. usually iromau, also Z'oOlaocO'at: I ao ircdOeaa, in Attic usually wer60Oraa.-Fromrn r60o, "a longing."'AViT7l, acCUS. sing. of ai-Tr, ig, #,, "a battle-cry." Homer is fond of joining iri/ ri E rrrde106C re, as irn the present passage. LINE 494. Iaav, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of eintt, " to go."' 495 pe, 3 sing. imperf. ind;c. act. of iipxco "to begin," "Ca OLE 495. begin for others," " to take the lead," &c.; fut. aip'o. AOeEro, 1 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of Ravcivu, " to escape notice." Middle, " o forget," i. e., to cause a thing to escape one's own no tice: fut.?OacS: perf. 27Oya.. Middle, Xav0dvol/at, fut. 27jacatl: 2 aor. eaO6sllv. -- Lengthened from the root?LaO. Compare Latin ltzt-eo'E per/corv, Epic and Ionic for idErci,-v, gen. plur of ~, r-, $ Uir: i~riuncti:;n." -Poetic word, fr,m Firq'U, HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 571 Line 496-502.'EGo, gon. sing. masc. of the possessive MrC, R god, Epie LINt 496. and Ionic for o5, iv,,.' "his, her, its."'AvEddvrero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of avnaodvoat, "to emerge;' fuat. dvadvaoouat. Consult remarks on 7re6taevro, line 428.'Hepiq, " amid th.s mist of the morning" (consrILt note) LINE 497. nom. sing. fem. of Ij~ptco, y, ov, Epic and Ionic for gpLctc, c, ov, from cip, in the sense of "mist," " haze.' LINE 498. Ehpev. Consult line 329. Evpdow7ra, accus. sing. of edpPorb, -oiroc, o, " the wide thulderzng," from eVpV'C, and ob, "the voice:" better than tbp. If, however, Wb be adopted as one of the component parts, the term will then signify, "far-glancing," "far-seeinlg."-Voss defends the derivation from gnU,,which must be taken in Orph. Lith., 18, 60. Kpovi67v, accus. sing. of Kpov Itrj, or, 6, "the son of Saturn," i. e.;, Jove. A patronymic from Kp6vof, " Saturn."'Arep. Adverb, construed with the genitive, "apartfrom." Only poetic. Kopv p4, dat. sing. of iopvoz~, 7, ~, "a summit," "a peak7." LINE 499-From Ic6pvf, "the head," and this from the radical icp, as denoting the sun, with the kindred idea of elevation. HIo2vdelpcdof, gen. sing. of 7ro2Xvdetpcf, -ddof, o6," many-peaked." (Consult note.) An epithet of mountains, as here of Olympus, and pointing to the existence of many ridges. LINE 500. IIdpotO'. Consult line 360. KaOieero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of KaOi6o. Consult line 4e rovvov. Consult line 407. LE Katy, dat. sing. fern. of 6TKata6, u, 6v, Epic and Ionic foi LIE 501aato, az,, 6v, "left," and answering to the Latin sceavus, which last comes from its digammated form alcatJF6r. Compare the English skeuw, and low German schief.-With aKatn- here understand retp[. Aerrtep,q, dat. sing. fem. of 6rSrTEpof, v, dv, Epic and Ionic for de~ctepoS, 6., 6v, lengthened form for deto':S, "right." —Supply here Xetpi, as in the previous word. AvOepeCvof, gen. sing. of dvOepepJv, -6ivoC,, " the chinu," especially the under part. Some derive it from aveio, others frcm aU6p, " tht. beard or spike of an ear of corn," whence civdpt&, in same significa tlon; but the former is more probable, since Homer himecalf use aYOegv of the sprouting of the beard (Od., xi., 320). LiNE 502. Ataaoulvq. Consult line 15. 572 hIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Line 503-5:0.'Ovnca, Epic and Ionic for d-Jaa, the augment being d, op1 Lirvy 503. ped; 1 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of ovtvrutt, " to aid," " to pro'0 of advantage to," "to help;" fut. bveao: 1 aor. Svn'aa.-Reduplicated from a root'ON-, which appears in the derivative tenses and forms. LINE 504. Kp7vovo EE2udwp. Consult line 41. Ti/uyaov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. oi rtjuiw, "to honor LINE 505- fut. Tn7Ujao: I aor. irigsga.-From rqi, "honor."'62,vpuopr'arof, superlative degree of (Krc/opof, ana this from gst'v'swift," and cz6poC, "fate."'EirXer', 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of GriXoe. Consult line LINE 506. 418, and note on the same. Mtv. Consult line 29. LINE 507. Consult line 356. LINE 508. IIep. Consult note on line 131. Tiaov, 2 sing. I aor. imper. act. of nTI-, "to honor;" fut. Ttla: I aor. irua. —Not to be confounded with rivo. Compare line 42.'%O1Mr'te, voc. sing. mase. of'O23,iu-rtco, ov, o" Olympian," an epl thet of Jove, as monarch of, and dwelling on, Olympus. Sometimes applied, also, to the other deities. Consult line 18. MnrgiEia, voc. sing. of 1elrierid, -as, O, Epic and.LEolic form for (MI Tti77fr, OV, O,, "an adviser," "a counselor." In the present passage, however, it has the force of an adjective or epithet, "counseling," "all-wise."-From/?i-rtc, " counsel," " advice;" like bctnTrf, from otf., and 7rOXlT~}f, from wrd;tf. T6bpa, adv., "for so long a time." Corresponding to the relative form ofpa. Sometimes it stands absolutely,'meanwhile," the time referred to being before known. Tp(tecac. Consult line 408. TiWet, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of frot6i, " to place." Consult line 441. Kpa'oTC, accus. sing. neut. of Kpdrof, -eof, r6, "might," "power,' "'strength."-Probably akin, in its poetic form Iccprog, to the Ger man hart, and English harn. T5iatatv, 3 plur.: aor. sutj. act. of rio, "to honor." —. Trr 5109. Consult line 508.'OgXxtatov, 3 plur.l pres. subj. act. of O5i0XX2, "to incetse;" fut. e60E.: 1 aor. d'Eet2a. An old poetic verb, not to be confounded with O65'Xij, "to owe." Homer only uses the present and imper. feet active and passive, and.Eolic opt aor. BP'irtuev —Comp3 a line 35a. HlOMERLC G,6OSSARY. 573 Line 510-513. E, an cus. sing. of the pronoun of the third person, without nom.native, and always enclitic. Frequent in Homer, but rare in Attic, as there the compound &avr6v is used for E when the latter is reflex. ive, and otherwise the simple ahr6v. —Consult, as regards the old nominative of I, Anthon's enlarged Greek Grammar, p. 263. XIA 511. NeeL),yepErTa, nom. sing. of ve0e77?yrepird, gen. -ac, I, Epic and /Eolic for vrE8anyEcpETr, -ov, - 6, " the cloud-collector,' used here as an epithet, "cloud-collecting," from veOi?.n, a cloud," and elyEipco, " to collect."-The genitive-form veer2LyepEraj, employed by Homer (11., v., 631, &c.), is from vee82r yepEpirar, Doric for ne:Z~Iyeas siTwj'.'AKov, " in silence," "silently." In form a participle. but ANE 51-2 used by Homer as an adverb, and occurring even with a olural verb; as, aiKeOv daivvaOe (Od., xxi., 89). We find it also in the dual, eifolv-re (Od., xiv., 195), but never in the plural. Although Keovau occurs in the Iliad and Odyssey, yet aici'wv stands also with (eminines (I., iv., 22).-Akin to the Latin taceo. Buttmann supposes an adjective icaor, " non hiscens" (a, priv., and X&o, xalvw, hisco), i. e., silent: then, from the feminine aieedav would have come into the Ionic dialect aiieKrv and &,ov, and from the neuter singular axaow. would be formed dac'cwv, according to the analogy of'i2aov, VeYtv.-.. (Lexil., p. 73, ed. Fishlake.) Aiv, adv., "long," "for a long time." —Akin to d7O and Ad/.'Haro, "he sat," 3 sing. imperf. indic. of w/ at, "I sit:" thus, Gus, icao, ar7o, &c.-Strictly speaking, however, wjeat is a perfect, and PUr/v a pluperfect of KSo/Jat: and the literal meaning of the formel is, " 1 have seated myself, and remain seated," i. e., " I sit;" and of y'uiv, "I had seated myself, and remained seated," i. e., " I sat:" fat. 9dr6uam. There is no such active as E'o, "to set," " to place;" though, as if from it, we have the transitive tenses,. eiaa, mid. elad/oTv: filt. mid. e'iaolat, &c. -'H~Xro, 3d sing. I aor. indic. mid. of 7frToj, "to attach," "to conrect;" in the middle; "to attach one's self to any thing," "to touch:" Sit. aE/W: 1 aor. act. Jja: 1 aor. mid. Oialp7v. —Root probably the same as the Sanscrit ap (compare the Latin ap-iscor), with the copulative prefix ac = sa: hence, also, cap-io, ap-to; and hence the Gersman haften, heften. LINE 513.'2g, for oibrorc. Observe the accentuation.'EXero, 3 sing. imperf. indic.'mid. of!xct, " to hold," "to have;" in lihe middle, " to hold one's self to," " to cling to:"' fut Ufto.'Esreotvvia, Epic for iLurre6vav1a, nom. sing. fem. perf. part. act oi fi574 tOMERit GLOSSARY. Line 513-518. eundjo, "lo grow on,'' to grow unto," " to be in,' &c., " to be- rootea in;" fut. 4ufoawo, &c., from Iv and va(o. Elpero, "said," "spoke," 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of Hip,. "to speak," "to say;" in the middle, besides these meanings, it signifies "to cause to be told unto one," "to ask." N.zeprit', "for certain." Properly the neuter sing. of the L.NE 5 14. adjective v lnep'rz, -6r, 1" unfailing," "unerring," but used here, and more frequently, also, elsewhere, as an adverb.-From vyl-, negative prefix, and auap~rvo,', to err,"' to fail," &c.'T-r6aXeo, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. of the middle deponent 7rLaXveoua, -ovi/an,:" to promise:" fut. viroax7aogyat 2,'or. VreaxoJZJv: 2 aor. imper. vir6oaxov, old form v'r6daXeao, Epic and Ionic V7rodaxeo.-Strictly, only a collateral form of v76ixo1eae, which accordingly supplies sev. eral of its tenses. Kavravevaov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of caTavevo, (' to nod," espe cially " to nod assent," " to ratify a promise wilh a nod;" fut. Kara veviaop/ai.-From,eard and vferb.'A7ro1eLre, Epic for i7reZTre, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. act., from LINE 515., ao7roetreZv, for &areutredV, "to refuse." Literally, " to speak:, say, or tell out boldly or bluntly:" from aiLr6 and eireyv.'OyXiuayac nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of 6xBeo INE 517. strictly, " to be heavy laden," but only used in a metaphor ical sense, I" to be heavy or big with anger, wrath, grief," &c., " to be vexed or greatly disturbed in spirit," especially in so far as this is expressed in words (consult note); fut. X'Oiao, —An Epic term,- p'obably from xfOoC, "'a burden," "a heavy load," only differing from XOopiata in that this was used strictly of bodily burdens, as well as metaphorically, but y66of only metaphorically. Aaltyea, nom. plur. neut. of Xolytoc, -eto, "mischievous." LINE 518. More iterally, "pestilent," "deadly:" from foly'o~, " ruin.' "mischief."'ExOod6oraaet, 1 aor. infin. act. of XOo6dorEo, " to quarrel with," "tc become' an enemy to;" fut. exOodowraa: from ixtodo6ro-, "hateful,' " hostile." - According to Buttmann (Lexil., s. v. iXodo6oreaa), the form X odoor6c comes from tEXpoC and orrwo, 6o/opat, and signifies, properly, " hostile-looking;" but probably it is only a lengthened form of Expo,, like &i5Var6c, eiaj ro'r6, &c., a view which appears to be confirmed by the accent. ~'E+caeef, 2 sing. fut. indic. act. )f i4iiete, "to incite," "to stir &p;" fut e'aac: 1 aor. 1E0Ka - Ionic aid Epic irnKca-' from ini and 7spd flOMERiC GLOSSARY, 7 a Line 519-526. IANi 619.'Hpp. Consult line 400.'Ep6pqav, Epic and Ionic for IpEp,, 3 sing. pres subj. act. of Sp0d(c~ " to provoke," for which its derivative }peOi~o is more usually err. ployed.-Akin to!pot-.'OpvEr.Ot, dat. plur. neut. of bvideECOf, ov, "reproachful," "injurl %.~:" from Obveldog, "reproach," "blame," &c. E7reEvoav, Epic and Ionic for lirreav, dat. plur. of Brror, so: TO, " word." NeLKtc, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of vecewO, "to taunt," " t CLINE 521. vex," " to annoy;" and also, "to wrangle with," &c.; fut vetcogw. Tilis verb is hardly to be found except in Epic poets an-] ounic prose; though the substantive veaco' is used by the tragic wri ters, and now and then in Attic prose.'ApiyEtv, pres. infin. act. of &p yow, "to aid," "to help," &c.; fut ip7w.-Akin to cipKEco, pvKo, arceo, arx, arca. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., 2'71.)'Air6arore, 2 sing. 2 anor. imper. act. of a'ioarTixo, "to g, LINE 522. away;' especially, "to go back," " to go home;" fut. af7ro aTreicio 2 aor. asrEarixov: from &dr6 and are'xo, " to go." N0oay, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of voiw, "to perceive,"-"lto ooserve;" fut. voao;, &c. Consult:ine 343. Metjaerac, 3 sing. fut. indic. mid. of zLcoR, " to be an object LINE 523. of care;" fut.,FoEZtcaw.-Most usually employed in the 3d person sing. and plur. of act. pres. #gXtec, #XYOovat: imperf. etuet2e: fut.,ue,?-aet: inf. pres. and fut. UjXcstv and peXaeltv.' In the present instance the middle is employed in an active sense for ueXuaet.-The object is in the nominative, the person in the dative. Ter'aaw, Epic and Ionic for re:eao, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of rewo, " to accomplish;" fut. rTeV'a: 1 aor. Eriteaa, &c.: from ritsoC, " an end," " an accomplishment." ~ esroiftc, 2 sing. 2 perf. subj. act. of irefoe, " to persuade;' hLIE 524. fut. sreiao: 1 perf. 7re7rseca: 1 aor. 1r7Eaoa: 2 perf. (in. transitive), 7r&rolta, "I trust," "I rely." -'EpuOev, poetic genitive for Yov~, in Homrer and the.ttit writers:.never enclitic. TeK1?op, r6, Epic indeclinable form for the more usual rt6 LINE 526. pap, r 6, also indeclinable: "a sign,"." a token." IIa;LvaypErov,i nom. sing. neut. of 7raLtvaiyperor ov, " revocable; more literally, " capable of being taken back:" frc..n r~';v, "' bask and aypeo, "to take" b76 HOMER a:.tJ10q4RY. Linie 526-530. Ararvo'6v, norm sing. neut. of i'ararrPL6-, -6': acestomed to seive," "guileful:;' from aT7rdrl, "deceit," "guile."'Are2ErlnT7ov, I om. sing. neut. of ar'ee6E'ro, -or, " not tc be accomplished," "not coming to an end or issue:" fiom- a priv., and TreEvrcao, " to accomplish." Karavevao, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Karavre'(w. Consult line 514 LINE 528.'H. Consult line 219. Kvavirtav, Epic and Ionic for KvvEioeg, dat. plur. fem. of ivaveeo, Cov, "dark;" strictly, "dark hblu," "glossy blue."-From Kvcivof'"a dark-blue substance," used in the heroic age to adorn works in metal, especially weapons and armor.-Akin, perhaps, to the San scrit cjama, "dark,"" "livid." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 116.)'Obpv'at, dat. plur. of bpv'c, -'or, VI, "the eyebrow."-Akin to the Sanscrit bhru, Persian abru, and English brow.'A6~poraeat, nom. plur. fem. of ju6po'aeoC, a, ov, "immor tal," "divine,"': divinely beauteous;" strictly, " ambrosial,' r. e., of or belonging to ambrosia, the fabled food of the gods, as nectar was their drink. Evevy thing belonging to the gods is called ambrosial, that is, divine, or dtvinely beauteous; their hair, their robes, sandals, anointing oil, voice, and song; even the fodder and the mangers of their horses. It is said also of all things that appear more than mortal in greatness or beauty, like our terms "godlike,"' "divine." — From /i~/oaia, "ambrosia," with which compare th( Sanscrit amnrita, or cup of immortality, through the intermediate cpy 6porTOC, "immortal." Consult line 598. XaZrat, nom. plur. of xa7i/,, l', C" a lock of hair," "long, loose, and flowing hair," used by Homer in both the singular and plural oi men's hair, and also of horses' manes. Not used in prose except in the signification of mane (Xen,, Eq., v., 5 and 7).-Probably akin to XEO, " to pour out," &c.'ErePP6caavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of the deponent 1'rte)56olsat, " to flow," "to.roll downward upon a thing," " to stream one upon the other."-Fromn Erl and tboo/zaL, " to rush," &c. KpaTro, gen. sing., assigned with the dative glpari, accusa LINE 530. tive Kpnra, &c., as a collateral and poetic form of iaoa, "the head." No nominative ipara is found except in the grammari ans. (Cramer, Anecd., iii., 385.) Sophocles has rO' Kppra as nom. and accus. neuter. (Philoct., 1001, &c.) In Homer, also, we have a lengthened genitive ar-d dative cKpciarc, cpaaTe, and nom. plur. odaiT-a, but no nominative Koiac is found.-Akin to the Sanscrit ricas, "'the head." and to be traced in the Latin cere-brum, "the brain." IH)OMERIC GLOSSARY. 57' Line 530-535. EatXg ev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ei4f,') "to whirl, vpzn, of twirl rour.d,' "to make to tremble" (consult note); fut. r 2i 2Fr': 1 aor. tiiAlta. —Poetic form of i2Eitao, L Aderluayev, Epic and:onic (strictly speaking, Doric) foi LINE 531-. asrraylaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. pass., in a middle sense, of dtar/lyw, "to cut in twain," "to separate;" fut. d6artufjc: 1 aor. retfTr/lfa: 2 aor. dt&rayov: 2 aor. pass. dter7tayylv — Epic form for 6taritvam, from dtac and rT!Lyy, " to cut."'AXro, Epic syncopated form for aiiero, and this for`ijero, LINE 532. 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of &atotuat, " to leap,' " to plunge;" fut. dauoOilat: 1 aor. Vi2Xu/v: 2 aor. 3,6/znv. The first aorist is ttho usual form in prose, and very rarely occurs in Epic poetry, accord-.ng to Kiihner (~ 234, 1). Hermann, on the other hand, maintains that the second aorist of this verb was never used in the indicative (Ad. Soph., O. T., 1311). Aiyu7,evror, gen. sing. masc. of ayeeS, ecsa, ev, "'adcant,'" "bright."-From atiy71r, "1brightness," &c., and this akin to acic, aya6C, &c.'E6v, accus. sing. neut. from E6c, Eb7, k6v, Epic and lonlr. LINE 533. for ic, V, 0v, possessive pronoun of the 3d person, " his, her, its."'Avacrav, Epic and Doric for aivEarn7av, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. o aviarr7t, "' to make to stand up;" fut. avcaar7aw: 2 aor. cv7ar7v, "stood up," "I arose."'EdE6v, gen. plur. of e(oC, eoc, rO, " a seat."'lle word to rare in prose, and is there, in general, only used of tem piles; as, WEIl 65cv.-Akin to Sanscrit sad, "to set," "to place; Latin sed-es; Lithuanian sed-zin; Doric co6aOuat (E1(oeoat). Boio, gen. sing. of co6c, ao', a6ov, possessive pronoun'c their," like uaqirepor. in later poets, also, cagor.-From caeog.'YE-r7, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act., as if from a present 7r5,qt, whliet however, does not exist. (Pors., Phoen., 1740), "to dare," " to Ven ture." Strictly, " to take upon one's self;" hence, " to bear, to sffe)r to endure, to care." —The verb Trc,& is merely a radical form, never found in the present, this being replaced by the perfect TrETXqla, o0 the verbs roueidO, 4v axotjac, vrojeiv, &c. I,[ecvat, 1 aor. infin. act. of /ev,I "to remain," "to await;" zINE 535. fai. paeve: 1 aor. UetVza.'Avriot, noran. plhir. masc. of iavrtio, a, ov, "opposite," "eoer against," " tn one' presence," " befjre one." —From'avrt, "ove Cce 578. lHOMfghl1C GLOSSAR t. Line 535-545.'EUarT, Epic and Doric for caracav, 3 plui 2 aor. indic. act. ol le crlut, "to place;" fut. gc'raco: 2 aor. Ecar77, "I stood." Compare kEvarav, line 533. fINE 536. KaOE6ro. Consult line 360.'Hyvoinaev, Epic and Ionic for I7yvo/aev, 3 sing. 1 aol. in LINE 537. die. act. of yvoeo', "to be ignorant of," "not to know;' Cut. dyve7joliat, but also ayvo'ao in Isocrates and Demosthenes I aor. 7'yv6aa, Epic and Ionic Vyvolba. —Fro m p, priv., and vero. Zlvufpdcaaro, Epic and Ionic for avvefpdaaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic, of the middle deponent av4ufpa'o!euat, " to take counsel with one," "' t concert with one;" fut. avjupaiaopae: perf. Gov7rr 0Pauats.-From Ce6 and Qipdfojuae, " to deliberate," middle voice of opa6o.'Apyvp6orea,,, "the silver-footed," a regular Homeric epiINE 538. thet of Thetis; applied also by Pindar to Aphrodite or Venus. Hence, in later Greek was formed an adjective, apyvpw6reog, -ov. —From iipyvpog, "silver," and rre(a, "the foot," originally Doric and Arcadian for rrovC.'A2tolo, Epic and Ionic for e2i[ov, gen. sing. masc. of iXZto, a, ov, and also &aXLo; ov, o" of or belonging to the sea."-From &rS, da6g, /7, "the sea." repovroc. Consult lhne 26. KEpTroyiotlt, Epic and Ionic for Kepr ttoc, ov, O, heart-cutLINE 539. ting." Observe that here KEproldiotet appears without a noun (Eraect, eralt,) expressed, as if it were the dative of Tr KEp-tp uaa, used as a substantive. Elsewhere, however, the full expres. sion, Keprotzot' ETrEcaam., is employed.-From iEap, " the heart," and riuvwO, "to cut." AoLOLo 7crac, voc. sing. of 6o,opj'rqc, ov, O, "crafty-mrinded,' LINE 540. "artful."-From 662do, "deceit," "guile," and /Zr7tc,;' colntrivance," &C.'Airov6a0l.v, adverb, "far away from," "apart fiom." — INMs 541. From'ro6 and vc0t,'" apart." Kpvwrrrida, accus. plur. neut. of Kpv7rradcL, a, ov,'secret, LxN 542. "' clandestine."-From ppvw7rrTLo,; frequentative form ol oirrVJ, "' to hide." AMCKna Iev, Epic,.Doric, and Eolic for dcu(etrv, pres. infin. act, of &Kdl'aO, " to decide," &e.; fut. d&Kiac. —From diKnY, "right," &c LINE 543. ITp6qpor. Consult line 77. T&r2~Kyac. Consult line 228.'EretaX7reo, Epic and Ionic for 7rtil7rov, 2 sing. pres. mna LinmE 545. per. of F'7r,9,7/o/at, middle qponent, and Epic form foi HOMERIC G;LOSSARY. 575 Line 515-554. ftreArrolaz, "to hope," "to build hopes upon. " —Frm ri and AZunr, "' to hope." Eild/aetv, fut. infin. act. of the obsolete radical form EiOe LINE 540. Consult line 203.'AOX., dat. sing. of daoXoo, ov, i, "the partner of cne's couch.'. From a', copulative, and Xtioc, " a couch." EItetcigK, nom. sing. neut. of ErrTeIK7UE, er,, "fitting,' LINE 547. "meet>' "suitable."-From &iri and eiK6o, "fair," " resoenable," &c.'Aicovijzev, Epic, Doric, and 2Eolic for acovelev. Consult line 381 Eiaerat, 3 sing. fut. indic. of the radical eidlu, "to know' JINE 548. This form of the future is rarer than ei6r6cw, and most. Epic: fut. elaolzac: perf. oida.'E0EiZu/zt, Epic and Ionic for i0Wiw, pres. subj. act. of i0b.4 o, " to be Willing;" fut.'0eX7o'o: 1 aor.'02Oireaa. The tynonymous shorter form &2EiO never occurs in Homer, or the other Epic writers. teeipeo, 2 sing. pres. imper. of the middle deponent Bdeipc. LrN.E 550. arN5 a, Epic and Ionic for depoouat, "to question thoroughly,' " to interrogate closely."-From did and eipoualt, for 9po/zaL, "to ques tion." Mer6a2a, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of #1EtraLXd(J, "to pry," "to znquire curiously into." Strictly, " to inquire or seek after other things (Qter' 22LXa); fut. yeraP7Zoao. Bow7rtL, nom. sing. of Podio, tdrz o, o,, " large-eyed;" liier ally, " ox-eyed" (consult note), from fovic and 6/p. The masculine fpo6rrvc ispost-Homeric. II6rvna. Consult line 357. Atv6Trre, voc. sing. masc. of aivorarof, superlative of ai LrINE 552. vNE O, 7, Ov, which last is an Epic form equivalent to deIv6O, "dread," "fear-inspiring," &c.-Probably, as &Evd6g comes from diaaoL, and means something large and, terrible; se alv6f comes from some verb in a similar manner, and has a similar sense. (Buttmann, Lexil., p. 46, ed. Fishlake.) KpovdrJ, voc. sing. of Kpovi'rJl, ov, o, "son of,Stdr'n'" a patro. nymic formed from Kpovoc, "Saturn." LINE 553. Eipoycat. Consult remarks on &detpeo, liPe 5fn. EeVicor, ov, and (in Apollonius Rhodius) E8Ka.LoC, ay, 0;, LINE 554. v V 1 t INE 554Aolic lengthened form of IC7;o, " quiet," "calm," " gentle," and also " undisturbed," "' uninterrupted," &c.-Nothing to do w-ith P.%, but probably from the samre root with iKov. The idea im ,)~O l~{ KOMERIC GLO5SAt. Line 554-561. plied Ay evilcto~ and eactor, according to Buttmann, is never an as senc.i of motion or labor, but expresses that nothing unpleasant oi vexatious (which interrupts labor as well as rest) is produced by trouble or care. (Lexil., p. 280, ed. Fishlake.) 4)pdaeat, Epic and Ionic for pcit, 2 sing. pres. indic. mid. of pcio, to speak;" in the middle " to consider." (Consult line 83, and also note on obpaaac.) Old form fpcideaa ~ Epic and Ionic Qp('lceae: Attic. apSt, &C..'aaa, Ionic for Trtva, accus. plur. neut. of Mar7r, " which," &c.Observe the distinction between this and aaaa with the soft breathing, which is Ionic ior r-tv, " some," &c., or for riva, interrogative "what?" (Od., xix., 218.)'EOi2ycO0a, Epic, Doric, and AEolic for Ei06:p, 2 sing. pres. subj act. of 0deg. (Kilhner, ~ 123, 3.) Consult line 549. LINE 555. AivdC, adv. " greatlv." —From alv6o'. Consult line 552 Aridoteca, Epic for didotca, 1 sing. perf. indic. act. of 6deid, "1 fear;" fut. delia: 1 aor. E'detaa, but in Homer always in the Epic form Iddeeaa: perf., (with present signification," Ifear,") d6doeeca, alse d1c'ta, with syncopated forms di&d/ev, dgiere, &c. flapeir?7, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of rapeutreiv. Consult note LINE 557.'Hepi'l. Consult line 497. Ilapde'ro. Consult line 407. LINE 558. Oio. Consult line 59.'Er-TrvuOV, neuter of the adjective Er'rv[ og, ov, "true," "genuine,' taken as an adverb, "for certain," " truly."-Poetic lengthened form of etrvuogf: as, araprnpof for 7rr1p6'. IHo5 eaC, Epic for n-roXodv, accus. plur. masc. of IroAic 55 ro9?7', roX6, " many." (Kiihner, ~ 297, 3, b.) Aatouovit, Epic and Ionic for 6atyovta, voc. sing. tem. of LINE 561. daao6vto, V, ov, Epic and Ionic for dat,6vtor, a, ov: in Homer used only in the vocative, in addresses, and always carrying with it some degree of objurgation, but corresponding, at.the same Lime, to the rank or condition of the party addressed: thus, i strange one," " my good sir," "fellow;" in Attic Greek, ironical, usually i' my fine fellow!" like 6,TearreT. —From Herodotus and Pindai downward, " any thing depending on or proceeding from the Deity of Fate."-The literal meaning is, " of or belonging to a daiteov," i. e., to a being from another sphere, and hence, "strange," "wonderful," " astonishing," as above mentioned. —From 8daiowv.'Oteat, 2 sing. pres. indic. of otoA:ae, "-to imagine," " to think," &O O ld form of the 2d person, oteaat, Epic and Ionic "'eat, Attic etec uOMERi.IC GLOSSAIt i S8 Line 561- 564. AiOw0, I Sing. pres. indic. act. of:g6u', "to escape obseruation." Collateral form of RavOdv:~, and whence the latter borrows the fut. >iaw: perf.:2bvO8a, &c. Ilp~cet, Epic and Ionic for -rpidat, 1 aor. infin. act. ot IN o 562 pa, Epic and Ionic for irpcaao, "to do," &c.:'lit rrpd5`u: 1 aor. 7rrpafa, &c.'E/uwr', adverb, Ep'c and Ionic for ur7rar (strictly iv 7raai) "wholly, "altogether," "at any rate," " after all," "nevertheless,' &c. Of frequent occurrence in Homer, though he usually puts di or eUc1; before it. The adverb urrac never occurs in Attic prose; but it is found in the tragic writers. When joined with the enclitic srEp, it gains in force, "however much," "ever so -much." Besides eunrac, Pindar has the exactly equivalent forms ieirapv and inra.d. Avvaeat, 2 sing. fut. indic. of 6vvamaet. Old form Sdvvjaeaat, Epio and Ionic dvviaeat, Attic dvvoaet. L'Eeat, 2 sing. fut. indic. of elyi, "to be." Old form LINE 563. laeaal, Epic and Ionic Ieeat, Attic Eleer.'PTytov, comparative neuter, formed from fryog ("frost," " cold"), and hence literally signifying " more frosty," " colder;" whence figuratively, "more unpleasing," "more painful," &c. The masculine form ytlyiuv seems not to occur; but the superlative liyeaero does occur. (11., v., 873.)-Used also adverbially, " more unpleasantly," "more painfully." MIE2re tr vat. "It is very likely to prove." M2~are6 is here LANE 564. the 3 sing. pres. indic. act. 6f et2L?o, " to be on the point of doing something, or of suffering something." This is its radica s gnification; fut. pe>rjawo: 1 aor. EuyaiJIaa. Homer uses only the -.resent and imperfect. It is often joined with the infinitive, usually of the future, more rarely of the present, still more rarely of the aorist. The word differs from the future proper in this, that /zDiXto denotes an action as yet incomplete, rather than wholiy future. The usage of uEi'.Zo is so varied, that sometimes it can be rendered only by auxiliary verbs, " I will," " would," &e.; sometimes:t expresses inere possibility; sometimes, as in the present instance, a nlgh de gree of probability, &c. -As the radical sense of uE2tow ofen passes into that of " to have a mind," " to intend to do," like ppovrgio, perhaps te23oC and tigXu belong to the same root; though Pott would rather refer tZ60aU to jzo2Etv, " to be going to do." Donaldson, again, compares tetv-O, ydZ2L-O, and the impersonal egi.-et, in the general sense of th nking or caring about a thing, wit}' the Gothic munan, German meinen, and old Nordist man (lNew Cratylus, p 573Grimm, i., p. 926.1 Ccc 2 S582 HCIMERIC GLOSSARi Line 565-571.'-%dovera, "in silence," "silently.' Feminie foLrm of A1NnE 565. &cGoXv. Consult line 512. Kdheao, 2 sing. pr3s. imper. of KScqOutat, "o sit;';" inf. KaOif(Oat. imperf. EKaeOitqv. But observe, that Kcd0ftuat is in strictness th6 perf. of KaeOToae. Compare line 512, remarks on Y7aro.'Erre-ei0eo, 2 sing. pres. imper. mid. of et7rei-o00at, " to ohbe." Old form EirtrreliOeo, Epic and Ionic E'rtLr-etOe, Attic Ebrireiov. — INE 566. XpaiolleuaLv, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. act. of Xpatcrueo, "to aid." Consult line 242. LINE 567.'Accrov. Consult line 335.'IUv0'. Consult note.'A6irrov, acc. plur. fem. of aanrrog, ov, not to be touched," " Unap. proachable," with the collateral notion of terrible strength.-From 4, priv., and 7r'roeat, " to touch."'EfeIO, Epic and Ionic for if), 2 aor. subj. act. of kblyiat, " to lay upon;" more literally, to fling upon: 2 aor. subj. NC.b - uncontracted form emws: Epic and Ionic tEeio,,gv, V, &c. LINE 568.'E66etyEv. Consult line 33. Bo5Trtc. Consult line 551. Ka:acOro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of Cutyuat. Epic and Ionio for KIaOG7roo, the augment being dropped. In strictness, however, it is the pluperfect. Consult remarks on.0cieao, line 565, and also on,aro, line 512.'Erwtyvtiupaaa, nom. sing. fern. 1 aor. part. act. of erT'yvd/urcru, "to end," " to bow down;" fuit. E7rtyuV((,Up.-From eir[ and yvl77rrwo, "to ~'end." ie2;06aav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of XOiEw. Consult,NEL D570. line 517. Agusta, accus. sing. of diS/a, arof, TO, "a manszon,. " an abode."From 6ito, " to build:" 2 perf. di-dou-a. Ovpavioive~, nom. plur. of oipaviwv,- voc, 5, " the heavenly one," like Oippavidr. In Homer always in the plural, and like the Latin Ceslites.'Hoaelroo, ov, 6, " Hephestus," the Latin " Vulcanus," or LInE 571.- Vulcan, god of fire, as used in the arts, and hence master sr lord of all the arts that need the aid of fire, and so especially oi working in metal. Hence the epithet applied to him in this same line of cavrorixvrc. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and lame from his birth. (Ii., xviii., 397.)-Schwenk makes the name "H0atrroe to be properly 4atar6o, with the prefixed a, like 25y,7, vAiJyr!: and ator6oS he deduces fr m. aio (0aivo), " to be bright," " to shine,' making it, therefore, signify * "the bright one." (Etymol. Andeut., p HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 58bj Line 571-57". 16f7: Otheis see in1 it a resemblance to the narne of the Egyptian god Phthas. (Compare Prichard, Egyptzan Mythology, p. 172.) KAvTorTXVr C, ov, O," illustric us artificer," "famous oJr hi.; art." An epithet of Vulcan, the fire-god. (Consult preceding remarks on'Hoataroc.)-From Kvr6r, "illustrious," "famous," and re:n?' art," " skill."'HpXe, 3 sing imperf. indic. act. of apPXo, "to beg:in." Conlalt line 495.'Ayope~etv. Consult line 109.'Erirlpa, accus. plur. neut. of 7rripog, or, "agreeable." LINE 572. The neuter sing. is found in Lesch. (Fr. Hom., 56), and the masculine in Empedocles, v. 208. Buttmann, however, rejects the word entirely. (Consult note.)-Fronim terr and ipdwo, probably. AevtKrcLvo. Consult line 55. JINE 573. Aoyeta. Consult line 518.'AveKTr, nom. plur. neut. of 6veKcrd, ov, later tvEKcr6c, n, 6v, "to be endured," "to be borne," "bearable," &c.-From aveXoyat, "to endure." LINE 574. 2p06, nom. (dual of personal pronoun av.'Epsdaiverov, 2 dual, pres. indic. act. of ipLdav r, " to wrangle," " to Vuarrel," "to contend;" fut. ip#,6inaw.-From ipt~, Ep'toc, "strife *' "pi(o, " to contend." Koj2o6v, accus. sing. of coXw6Cg, ov, o,,"a disturbance," "a LIANE 575. wrangling." - Poetic only. Akin to co~rcC;, "a jacklaw:" lcoXotad(, " to scream like a jackdauw;" and Kco2oavpT6c, "noise," "din," &c. The common root of all these words is, according to Buttmann, to be found in ca2e3, icEgoyat. (Lexil., p. 390, seqq., ed ishlake. )'EPaevverov, 2 dual, pres. indic. act. of eavivo, "to excite;" fut. EiXa(o: 1 aor. MiZaa: perf. i2~al'dca, &c. The present 2caio, whence -iweao, &c., are borrowed, is very rare. The fut.`tcua is contract ed by the Attics into,ZS. Aar7n6. Consult line 467. LINE 576.'Ea2OgC. Consult line 108.'Hdo~, eof, rO, "enjoyment," "delight." Akin to?rdd's, ".sutect,"' and Mdolmac, " to enjoy," "to delight." Xepelova, nom. plur. neut. of xepeiov, ov, Epic and Ionic for eliproy, ov, irregular comparative of eaoK6C, formed fiom the radical Xtptir, "worse," &c. Xepeiova is, therefore, for XeIpova. Hlapr0?7/u, "I recommend;" properly, I sit tby the side oA one L:E~ 577. and utrge a thing upon his or her altention. —F.ro.m -n,. ari 1 Ormi' b~4t. tHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Inne 577-584. Noeovaon, Epic and Ionic for voovaq, dat. sing. fernm pres. Dute. a voWo, " to think," " to exercise intelligence," &c.; fut. vorao, &c. NeeKeilat, Epic and Ionic for vetlc (uncontracted form, L.Emr 579. eKLE 57 ), 3 sing. pres. subj. act. of veticK, 1" to wrangle;" ~ut. veticEao. —From vEZKor, 1" wrangling," " strife," &c. rapcd,v, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of rapdaac, "to disturb;" fit.lpriw: 1 aor. ir epaca.-Akin to apciaao, bkaaw,'aao, fuAyvvpu. LNE 580.'EOipaetv. Consult line 408.'Aarepoirrr~Tf, o6, 6," the flasher-forth-of-the-lightning," " the light. ener.' An epithet of Jupiter.-From irarepowr, poetic for tarpaaO,. areport, " lightning." LINE 581.'EJomv. Consult line 534. 2rvoe2i at, 1 aor. inf. act. of arvfErV'w, " to hurl," "to thrust.'" Literally, "to strike rudely," " to smite;" and, in general, " to treac roughly and rudely," " to maltreat;" fut. arvOeXf1i: 1 aor. l&arvc6qtLa. -From arCTV4eO6, " close," " solid," "hard," " rough;" and this last from arBTVo, "to contract," "draw together," "make firm, solid, hard " &c. tPpraTor, nom. masc. superlative, from ~wpw,-. likefor/.s fromfero, in Latin, " most powerful," " mightiest," &c. Another riull is QEptaroV, and the comparative is 09prepoq'. Kafda7recr0al, pres. infin. of the middle deponent KaOda'rt 2 at, " to soothe." More literally, " to lay hold of," " to fasten upon," and then "to accost," "to address one in words," for the most part in the sense of soothing, and hence most commonly joined with'jataKoor or /et2tXiotc irEiatl, but sometimes, also, to attack with harsh and angry words (a&rt6iotf or XarjEro~ iEriearat Ka:riicrTEcaOa). The post-Homeric writers usually employ it in this lat ter scnse.-From Scarid, and ariTotatL, " to touch." Ma~alcoealv, Epic and Ionic for uaZaacoit, dat. plur. neut. of?ia2a. %6C, 4, O6, " soft." —Akin in root to faQ, I' slack," " inactive," " sluggish," the letters /i and p being interchangeable. Compare also the Latin moll-is. I Iaof, or, "soothed," "appeased," "gracious," and hence f L.E 583. "propitious." Attic form'iueof, ov'Avatfac, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of avaterao, {ae 584.," to start up," " to apring u;" fut. &valo: Attic'vaaaoo, avirro. —From ava, and Udaao, " to move with a quick, shooting mo. fion," " tD shoot," "to rush," &c. Airras, ao, ro', "a cup," "a goblet." In Homer it is always ot gold, and richly wrought; but, in later writers eo arthenware also ( Anthol.) HOMERIC GLOSS ARY 58R Line 584-590 AtplKvJreAov, accus. sing. neut. of sqKro E arefttoc, ov. ill Homer always joined with kdeao, " a doubi. cup," such as forms a Ki're.13ov both at top and bottom. (Consult note.)-From au/i and K`T7rEXto1 LINE 585. Ti0et, Epic and Ionic for Lr-Wet. Consult line 441. TLr2LaOt, poetic syncopated form of the perfect infinitive LINE 586. active of the radical iral?, " to endure," which last is nevel found itself in the present, this being replaced by the perfect Tevrsxlxa, or the verbs rou;tdo, iavxoFpa, viroylvo, &c.: fut. r7taoFae: pert. rir7?axa: perf. plur. rire2aftev, E-ri7rae, reriUeat: dual T7rXa7ro: imperative, rr2aeOt, rerdtrcO, &c. Consult line 534.'AvaoXeo, 2 sing. 2 aor. indie. mid. of aveXo, "to hold up;" fut. Gvff) or avaxYaw': perf. vuaXverica. In the middle, evtXotlat, "to hold one's self up or upright," and so " to hold or bear up against a thing," "to endure," "to restrain one's self:" fut. 6v6Eotuat or c'evacXjaouat: 2 aor., with double augment,veaXO6,nv: 2 aor. imper. avwaaXov: old form vdcaXeo, Epic and Ionic avYadaXo. Kydoltevn, nom. sing. fern. of pres. part. of ic7160ojat, "to be afflicted," &c. Consult line 56. OEvouevyev, accus. sing. fem. pres. part. pass. of &EivW, " to LINE 5885 beat," "1 to strike,"' to wound;" fut. LevS: 1 aor. E.etva: 2 aor. (lOevov), probably used only in the infin. teveLv, part. Oevsiv, subj. &Evw, and imper. #egve.-Akin to KTrECvo and 9aveiv'AXviJuevor. Consult line 103. LINE 589. Xpat/petv. Consult line 242. ApyaZgoc, nom. sing. masc. of aipya2tior, a, ov, " hard," " difficult." -From ai2yoo, and for eaya;~oc, like ar'6apyoc for ar6oeaXyoc. Compare the German Arg,./Erger.'Avrio'peaOat, pres. infin. pass. of ivrtEppo, " to carry or set against," " to bear up against." In the passive, aIvrt5Epopat, " to be borne up against," " to be opposed."-From aivrt and fUpo.'AXZA7ore, adverb of time, "at another time," "on anothey occasion."'Ai1e,-evat, Epic, Doric, and Ai2olic for aEfetv, pres. inf. act. of &2ef,:' to aid;" more literally, "to ward," "to keep off "-Sophoeles is the only one of the tragic writers who has the word, and Xenopnon is the chief authority for it in Attic prose. Another form is OXe5f~, from which several of the tenses are formed, but which is itself found in the present only (Pind., 01., xiii., 12); fut.'xesFaos Meyaira, ac us. sing. maso. perf. part. of the radica ciCd, "to de, sire:" perf., with present signification, 4d aa: fut dc-'oual: 1 aor mid. kiaaaiev. .oG 4OMJERIC GLOSSARY Line 591-593.'Pple, Epic and Ionic for 9i~tVpLe, augment being dropped. 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of fTi@i-w, " to flinsg," " o hurl;' At. 5hpio: 1 aor. itSlvtpa. Teray(cv, nom. sing. mase. Epic reduplicated 2 aor. part., with no present in use, " having seized."-The old grammarians, as far as signification went, rightly recognized reray6v as a strengthened po. s1'iv form for Ra6eiv; but its kin to Treiv), perf. Ttraia, is justly re. lected by Schneider, and Buttmann (Lexil., s. v.), who assume TA- as.he root, which also appears in the old Epic imperative 7r, " take,".n the Latin tango, and the English take. BVqtoV, gen. sing. of PiZ6iC, oi, 6, "a threshold," on which one treads, and hence probably from faivaW. Oea7reaio0o, Epic and Ionic for 19earreiov, gen. sing. masc. of 9eareoatct, a, or, and also or, ov, " divine."-Strictly and originally said of the voice, " divinely sounding," "divinely sweet." Then, "that;arn be spoken by none but a god," and so, "unspeakable,","unutterable." Hence in most of the Homeric passages it has the general signification of &ecog,' divine." It is also said of any thing " sent, caused, or proceeding from a god," and so, " unspeakable," " awful,";' fraiful," &c.-From Oie6g, and eirrev, ao7rere.'Hpuap, accus. sing. of Veap, ryFrof, r6,,poetic form bzi I./ edpa, " day," especially in Homer, though sometimes ihe also uses rjuip7. Compare the Hebrew yum. lep/y~v, Epic and Ionic for 4epi1pv, I sing. imperf. indic. pass. of eppo, 1" to bear along," "to carry."'Heat,o, Epic and Ionic for 2UwiZ, dat. sing. of U.to', o, 6, " th, 1eun." The term i2tog often occurs also in Homer as a proper name for Helios, or the sun-god, though it is often doubtful whether the poet means the sun or the god. WTolf mostly prefers the propel name, because of the fondness which the Greeks had for impersona tion. —In a later age, Helios was identified with Apollo or Phobus. but certainly not before -schylus. KaradUvrt, dat. sing. mase. 2 aor. part. act. of Karaddoe or camt t'veo, " t go down," "to go under the ocean," said here of the sun setting; fu' r;caraaeo: I nor. Karidvaa: 2 aor. gcre6sv. —From card and,5fw or 6dvu. Ki5r9r3 eaor0i, Epic E'Lcopated form for Kari7reao,,, 1 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of eKaa7ri'rreo, "to fall down;" fut. Kara7rraMo: 2 acr. KCriaEe JV: perf. Karar67n, JKa. —From Kaye anld 7rlrr, " to fall." Afiuve,. dat. sing. of Ayx, C, ov,;?, Lemnos," an i:;land in tho HiOMERUC GLOSSARY. 5N7 Line 593-598. Egean Sea, between Tenedos, Imbros, and Samotlmrace, sac/ed to Vulcan on account of its volcanic fires. Hence A?,w'zov r, p becanme proverbial. The modern name of the island is Staliniene.'Evkev, Epic and Ionic for ivi1v, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of b',vetpy, "to be in," "' to remain in." 54 vrtec, nom. plur. of ZivrTC, toG, O, "a Sintian." Only found in the plural, as a proper name for the early inhabitants of Lemnos.-From aivr7C, "tearing," "ravenous," and this from olvojzat, "to tear away," "to seize and carry off as booty,;" for the Sintians are said to have been pirates. (Consult note.)'Apap. Consult line 349. Koeioavro, Epic and Ionic for ieKoploevro, 3 plur. laor. indic. mid. of Kojyi[, " to take up and carry away." The middle here denotes that they bore the-god to their own homes, and did this with kindly feelings; fut. KoyiaLc: 1 aor. kti6caa: 1 aor. mid. EK/coie/zrv. Meidyarev, Epic and Ionic for bueridyoev, 3 sing. i aor. indic. act. of retdEaO, " to smnile;" fut. yet&cr aw: 1 aor. iECdiua. in which tense Homer always uses it.-Compare the Sanscrit s-mz, and English s-mile. (l'ott, Etym. Forsch., i., 206.) KNE Knrc2Xov, or, r6, "a cup,"';a goblet." Strictly speaKL:NE 596. ing, a diminutive from t/i6, i" a hole," "a hollow."'Ev&dSt.a, accus. plur. neut. of'vdSCiog, a, ov, used ad.verbaINE 597. ially.-From Ev and d "eo c. (Consult note.) OivoXo8c, Epic and Ionic for 4voyet, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of olvoXoao, "to pout out wine for drinking;" fut. olvoXojao. Homer elsewhere uses ()pvoXoeE, with double augment. (11., iv., 3.) NEiTap, ipoC, r6, "nectar," the drink of the gods, as ambrosia was their food, according to Homer, Hesiod, and Pindar; while in Alcman (16) and Sappho, nectar is their food and ambrosia thei; drink. (Consult Meineke, Corn. Fragm., iii., p. 198.) Homer's nectar is red (ipvOp6v), and poured out like wine, and, like it, drunk mixed. At a later period, the term acquired especially tile notiei of fragrance.-Usually derived firom ve- (for vr-, " not") and CTE.riPu( (radical icrcon), "to kill," and so, strictly, like ambrosia, an e/lizrn vitce; but this etymology is very doubtful. Pott deduces it firom vnc-r.p, comparing ve/c- with the Latin nec-em, and making the toe m mean necem cffugiens. This, however, is rather worse than 1 ie ether, (Etymol. Forsch,, i., 228 ) Woa.irtj.oCg, Epic and Ionic for sparap, Opoc, J "a mnixer," Epic an.d IHOMERIC GLOSSAXY Lzne 598-603. onic form Kpljt,7O, TpoS.-From Kepdavvvtl, " to mzx." (Consult note on line 470.)'A0vaCwev, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of 6ivaao, "to draw,' said of liquids taken in this way from a larger vessel into a smaller; as in the present case the mixed or diluted nectar is taken from the crater, with a small ladle or dipper, and poured into the drinking cups. Every thing here is in accordance with human customs; the nectar is diluted, as wine generally was, and it is then dipped out into cups, as was the common custom at entertainments. Aea 6eroS, ov, and also y, ovr, "inextinguishable," from d. TANE 599. priv., and a6evvvtu, "to extinguish." Homer uses the term here in a metaphorical sense, as endless, ceaseless'Evipro, 3 sing. Epic syncopated 2 aor. mid. of iv6pvvl/q; "to arouse;" fut. Ev6pao(: 1 aor. Ivipcaa.-Middle Iv6pvvzacl, "to arouse one's self," "to arise;" 2 aor. mid. iv6t)pjnv, ev3pao, &v&3pro, &c., for ivcop6.yv, EvJpeao, ivS6pero, &c.-From ev and opvvFu. Maicdpeaat, Epic and Ionic for luiapat, dat. plur. of Fiacap, apoc blessed," "happy;" strictly speaking, an epithet of the gods, whC are constantly called tUKiiaper Weoi in Homer and Hesiod, in opposition to mortal men; so that its true notion is of everlasting and heavenly bliss. When said of men, it indicates the highest degree of human happiness. IIoLrnvovra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of tnrcovic, LINE 600. strictly, " to blow," " puff," " be out of breath," from haste or exertion; hence, in general, "to hasten," "hurry," "bustle." (Consult note.) —Not from tnovow, but formed by reduplication from rrvEo, rErvvuatl, like 7ratlnrQ2a from nrdcao, nratdiaawo from 4A- (cbhos), irotViaaw from ovaiao, and hence its original signification. LINE 602. Aaivvvr', i. r. AX. Consult line 468. 4No'6ptyyor, gen. sing. of op/upy7, eyyo, r, "a lyre," "a phorminx," a species of cithara or lyre, the oldest stringed instrument of the Greek bards, often occurring in Homer, especially as the instrument of Apollo. —Strictly speaking, it is the portable cithara, from'pso, 0opfo, Do6pitog, because it was carried on the shoulder by a strap or belt. IleptlKa27eor, Epic and Ionic for 7reptKaXoViir, gen. sing. fem. of VreptKa;[,71S, E', "very beautiful."-From "repl, in its strengtheniug sense, " very," and Ka2L?:oC, d "beauty."'EXe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 1Xtw, "to hold," &o, Eic aund Ionic for EdXe, the augment being dropped. hOMERIC GI OSSARY, 589 Line 604 —608. MblousdoWv, Epic and Ionic for,jovao7v, gen. plul of uoara, LN604,, "a Muse."-Probably from the radical pa, "eto seek out," "to invent," the Muses being merely personifications of the inventive powers of the mind.'Aetdov, Epic and Ionic for 7jEt6ov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. ot dei fj,. "'to sing." Consult line 1.'O)ir~, dat. sing. of op, 0nr6, a, "the voice."-From (ETr), tioS, Ei-' eiv. A oue66jleva. nom. plur. fem. pres. part. mid. of Diuei6o. Consult bne 84. Kar8elv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of icaraeldvo or xKrarad Li sE 605. Consult line 592. Fe.oc, eor, rO, 1" light," for which we have also the contracted ~Oo, ~,or6c, and then resolved in nom. and accus. boas: plur. qdea, rarely ofra.-Homer uses pdor and o6wr, never p5f, and forms the oblique cases from pdog only. Pindar has only oabo~, and so the tragic writers almost always in lyrics, while in dialogue they have both bdos and obig, whereas 0hcj alone is used in Attic prose.-From d6w, "to shine," " to be bright."'He~ioto, Epic and Ionic for b'ayov, gen. sing. of i'Xto, ov,,6, "the sun." Consult line 592. KatKceeovreC, nom. plur. Epic for KaratieiovreC, pres. part. of LINE 606. earaieei, desiderative form of Karuceetate, "to wish to lih down," and hence "' to intend to lie down," "in order to lie down." From teart and Keeiu, Epic desiderative from Eeg/al. WE6av. Consult line 391. Oie6v6e, poetic form for ocKade. Consult Excursus v. p. 427 LINE 607.'HXt, Epic for,, adverb " where." l eptK2vro'S,,, v, "famous," "renowned." Strictly, "heard of all around."-From Crepi, " around," and Macvr70, "heard of," which last from KAVeo, " to hear."'AUYtyvtetr, o, Homeric epithet of Vulcan, "he that halts in both legs," " lame of both legs." —From eiezc', " around," and yvto6', "lame." Not friG-.. yviov, " a limb."'Ilvicat, Epic and Ionic for eilviatG, dat. plur. fem. part. o' LINE 608. oida: thus, eilsS, eidlva, Edi66 or eildo-. As regards the lerminations of the neuter -6c and -6g, consult Anthon'. enlarged t,eek Grammar, p. 153. lIparc~deariv, Epic and Ionic for 7rpdr7atv, dat. plur. of 7rpargdri&, at strictly, " the mffriff," " the diaphragm'" (equivalent to opt"r); and since this was deemed the seat of the understanding, he'r.l usually a 1) 65l0 HO[MERIC GLOSS,RtY. Book 2. Line 608-2. like fpc.veS ";he ut.derstanding," "mind," "skill,' &c. —'Prohlh.h frdmn 4pacC +6v. )j, accus. sing. neut. of the possessive prcnoun 9o, M, LiNEE 609 Epic form E6c, Ly, i6v, which last is more usual in HIomer'HIe.'Consult line 47. AcTepo-rC7M7. Consult line 5S0.'EvOa, relative adverb for 50t, "where." —in the succce L.NE 6 10. ing line, however, it occurs as the mere adverb of place, there," " here," like the Latin hic, ibi.-From tv. KoqtpO', Epic and Ionic for KOttuiirTO, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of KOItto", " to lull or husk to sleep," "to put to sleep;" fut. icotlrjao: in the middle, "to lie down," i. e., to put one's self to sleep, to go to rest.-Akin to aceiat, "to lie dcwn;" icua, " deep sleep;" and the Latin cumbo, cubo.'IK(eVOt, 3 sing. pres. opt. of Kcidvo, "to come." Consult line 254. KaOe'i6', Epic and Ionic for EKdOev&c, 3 sing. imperf. indic LINE 611. act. of KaOeo'dw, " to lie down to repose" (consult note); fut. raOdev:aw. —The Attic forms of the imperfect are dOebWvdov and raO66dov. BOOK I[.'IrrrrolcopvCrai, nom. plur. of irrTrotKpvarGt, o, o6,, "one wuro IINE 1. fights armed from a chariot;" literally, " one who arms or equips horses."-From brrnroc and Kcopvrar, "to arm," "to equip." (Consult note.) Ed6ov, Epic and Ionic for qvdov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of LINE 2. eOco, "0O sleep;" fut. er6c7ao.-The root is the same as that of iatou, (wreo, namely, ii, iiput, arO, "to breathe." -!avv6Xtot, nom. plur. masc; of 7ravv6Xtoc, a, ov, and also or, ov, "durni? the whole nigh," "all night long."-From r'aw, and v,,, thi night."'Ete, Epic and Ionic for edXE, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of iXao. N'Tdvzot, Ov, " ssweet," "refreshing." For a discussion relative to this term, consult Buttmann's Lexilog us, p. 414, ed. Fishlake. The difficulty is this, that, if we deduce vedvlFoC, as most do, from Mvir, and follow at the same time the analogy of the language, the word ought to mean "not sweet," and be derived from va1, "not," and W6Ac. Buttmann inclines to the opinion that for v#t2'uor and vd6vLovo wherever they occur in the Homeric text, we ought to read dtuol, and PvpUov Now. as irva:. was entitlld to the digamrma. F? vpoc, E10MErISC 4t( SSARiY. ) Book 2. Line 2-11. no difficulty as to h.atus could possibly occur; and even whet the digamma had disap?eared from the language, the hiatus which hen occurred was at first tolerated by the ear of the riapsodist; wvnilb wherever tile v EX0EKVUmrtI6v could be introduced, as in Aia d' oK EdXE r6vyuoor 0rvoS, the later reciters did not scruple to soften the hiatus in this natural manner; they spoke it iXevr6dvuoC. At a later period again, when the old adjective ijvjiog was no longer in common use, and the ear knew not how to separate the words in the Homeric passages, whether eXe v/jvyog or E'Xev ivosuoS, the error of using v77dvyog for il6v/WcG easily arose. MEpe/ijpL;e, Epic and Ionic for ieepzpL(Me, 3 sing. imperf. in die. of,iep/vIpi4w, "to ponder," "to be full of cares," &c. fut. ieplyppipw. —From /upploypa, i7, poetic collateral form of ueptyCva, care," "trouble." LINE 4. HIIoRar. Consult book i., line 559. OvXov, accus. sing. masc. of odvor, 71, ov, " pernicious, INE 6. t" baneful." Epic adjective, from NO3, bX2Vplt, " to destroy.: Another form is boo6r, of frequent occurrence in both Homer and Hesiod.'Ovetpov, accus. sing. of Oveepoc, ov, 6, "a dream." The plural is usualil the irregular form bveipara. LINE 7. Kai ~iv Iwvijaar, K. T. X. Consult book i., line 201. BCKate, 2 sing. pres. imper. of an obsolete form fidaKst, " to go," akin to pt6irw, paivo. (Consult note.) Pott compares BcicKEtv with the Sanscrit gatshtshh, the combination tshh corres.ponding to aoc, oX. (Etynmol. Forsch., i., 169.):10, 2 sing. pres. irmper. of elut, " to go." iGod6. Consult book i., line 12.'ATrpeKE(C, adverb, " truly."-From drpelcCS, "strictly true," LINE 10. "real," "'certain." This latter word and its derivatives are rare in Attic, though Euripides has it once or twice, aidcpt6fc benlig used instead. Ayopeveguev, Epic, Doric, and XAolic for a'yopeSe.v. Earliest form ~fyopsveevaE at.'jETritRow, 1 sing. pres. indic. act. of 6i~rtrAX2w, "to enjoin." Lit erally, "to put upon," hence " to lay upon," "to enjoi z;" flt. E'wire;$i — Froml rln rand rTXSLW. Owp7lat, I aor. inf. act. of woplaoaw, "to arm;" t rope ly, AINE - " to arm with a breast-plate or cuirass;" fut &apwfS/.-Frorn O3p7i, Ionic and Epic for Od'paf, "a cuirass," &c. KapipoE0ltCvra(, accus, plur. Epic lengthened form for sinppoUeOL6 59K hOMERIU GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 11-20. rat, pres. part. of a supposed form Kcaoicoado, ":to have,ong wsor,e' "to let the hair grrx long." As there is no such form as Kapilogao 4 in use, some think that the word ought to be written divisim, namely, rK6p? Koloia, K(ipc KO/.uVref, &c.-From Kicap, Epic and Ionic for tuip0o, "the head," and Kcoieao, A" to cherish long hair," "to have long hair." I 12 avavdbi?, adverb,'with all energy," "with all one's might," &c.-From 7ruii and roevo, " to urge on," "to drive."-Strict ly, the dative from a noun 7ravavd6t, not in use, from which, also, we have the accusative 7zravavdiitv or'raaavdi7v;, in same signification. (Apull., Rhod., iii., 195.) Evpvriyvtav, accus. sing. fem. of evpvadyvtog, a, ov, "wide-streeted," "with wide, roomy streets," an Homeric epithet for great cities; as, in this case, of Troy.-From ebpvd and'yvtua, " a street," " a way."'A/zif, strictly the same with &atpi, like yeexpit and yuexpt, but mostly used as an adverb, "around," "all around." (Consult note.) Ppdcovrat, 3 plur. pres. indic. mid. of pcdS'o, " to speak: LINE 14. in the middle, "to deliberate," i. e., to speak to or with one's self: fut..pduaw: 1 aor. IEpaaa.'E7r~yvalftev. Consult book i., line 569, Ei'tyvwd/iaaa. Kv'dea, nom. plur. of K6dogf, Co, i6o,,'" trouble;" more liter LINE 15. ally, " care," "' concern."-Akin to Kcl, "C to make anxious,' " to trouble.'l'Eo7irrat, 3 sing. perf. indic. of E0dr7ro71ao, "to be hung over," " to impend over." Homer has only Ef'ro/lat (not i0d7rro), and this only in the 3 sing. perf. and pluperf. q77wrrae, iE7rTro.-Frorni Sort and Wirrroyat, " to be connected or fastened to." Axkovaev, Epic and Ionic for ijovoevv, 3 sing. I aor. indic LINE 16. act. of 4codvo. Consult book i., line 381. LINE 17. KapIra2[i/co. Consult book i., line 359. L EKiXavev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of KIXavo, "' to fi.nai, 18. "to come upon," " to light upon." Observe that ieX,/VW ie a present used in the indicative only, the other moods following a collateral form tlXieLt: Homcric subjunctive Icye~q), optative,yelhrv, infinitive itiYvae, participle KtXe~r, &c. The Attic form is tclyvI'Au6p6arto.. Consult remarks on Ca6p6a: at, book i., line 529. KtXvro, Epic and Ionic for EKdXvro, 3 sing. plupeif. indtc. pass. v Xec, "' to diffuse," " to pour;" fut. Xe6aw: 1 aor. EXevaa: A ttji.Xrer perf. KEXvKa perf. pass. ciXv~jat: pluperf. pass. LKEXyVPu &C. TIE 20. Y't:. Consult book i., line 197 IOMERIC GLOSSARY. 5b9 Book 2. Line 20-25. NqlXatq, iat. sing. masc. of NMlaZiof, a, ov, "Ne.gan," "of w belonging to Neleus." Neleus was the son of Neptune and Tyro, and the father of Nestor. (Od., ii., 234.) He was driven from Iolcos, in Thessaly, by his brother Pelias, and wandered south into Mes senia in the Peloponnesus, where he founded Pylos. In a war with Hercules he lost eleven sons; the twelfth one, Nestor, alone re. mained, his tender years having saved him; and he succeeded his father on the throne. (11., xi., 691, seqq.) TlI, Epic dative of vi6, as if from a stem TrI, gen. vioo, dat. vii, accus. via: dual vile (distinguished from the vocative singular vih by the accent): plur. vies, dat. vcida, accus. via:.'EotKSg. Consult book i., line 47. Nearope, dat. sing. of NaTrCop, opis, 0, " Nestor," son of INeLINE 21. leus, and king of the Pylians. Consult book i., line 247, and note. TV, Epic and Ionic for erLE, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 1la, " to honor."'Eetaoduevor, nom. sing. mase. Epic and Ionic for eio-atevor, LINE 22. 1 aor. part. mid. of eido, " to see."-In the middle,' to make one's self like to," " to liken one's self to;" fut. elaoolat: 1 aor. eliad/cnv IpoSeb6Jvee. Consult book i., line 332. Oedor, a, ov, Epic and Ionic V, ov, " divine."-From 9eSo.'Arpeog, gen. sing. of'Arpev's, ios, o (Attic IeO'), " Atreus" Consult book i., line 7. Aai'opovoc, gen. sing. of daiopwv, ov, " of warlike mind," "eager foe the fray," and hence " warrior."-From da'is, " war," " battle," and bp'jv, "mind."'Iri7rodd0oto, Epic and Ionic for iri'ro8U6ov, gen.; sing. masc. of tIr7rodalyuo, ov,, "tamer of stecds."-From ZtrTror and dcudo), " to tame," "to subdue." Bov72lQ1pov, accus. sing. masc. of Pov2l760por, ov, " counseLINE 24. bearzng," " counseling," a constant epithet of princes and leaders.-From j3ovXc, " counsel," and 0Epw, " to bear." LINE 25.'T2t, i. e.,.X, dat. sing. masc. of 0i), V, 6. ErtrerTpiaarat, Epic and Ionic for'brerETpauLEvol Eait, 3 plur. pert indic. pass. of eiTrrptO, " to confide." Strictly, " to turn over," " to throw upon;" fut. ErntrpiEpo: 1 aor. i~-i-rpeipa: passive E7rtrp7rro/tat: 1 aor. irrErpC9ai0v: perf Elrtrroe0aqatl.-From i-i and'prtxo, 1"to turn." Mi.tuXev, 3 sing. 2 perf. act., with present significat-on, "are el rare,'" for the Attic /ze/uitVr, from ueXan, " to be an object of care A" 094 HOMERItC GLOS3ARY..Book 2. Line 25-38. cut,./eja:. -After lIomer, we now and then find the active Me1fA and middle ettuo.at in an active signification, " to care for," "to t4ak care of,"." to tend," like Erje/ELEoizat. LINE 26.'E/z0ei, poetic genitive for IuoiV. vec,rC, 2 sing. 2 aol imper. act. of fvv~ptj for avvi/pt, ". to under. stand." Strictly, "to send, brivg, or set together;" fut.:vrivoc: aor. 5vviKa: 2 aot. ~jrplv.-Consult, as regards the interchange of f and er, book i., line 8.'2Ka. Consult book i., line 402.'AvevOev, adverb, " away," " apart from.i" Only poetic, and LINE 27i w never Attic.-From 6ivev, "without." Kv'6erat, 3 sing. pres. indic. mid. of KcliO. Consult book line 56.'E32eaipet, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. ofEi2eaipo, poetic for teteo, - ej take pity upon," " to have compassion or:,"' —From Peuog, "pity," "compassion." Aipeire, 3 sing. pres. imper. act. of aipge, "to take," i'to LINE 34. seize upon;" fut. a'p fato, &c. Me2iiQp(.v, ov, "honeyed," "sweet;" more literally, "honeyed or sweet to the mind."-From tei?2t, "honey," and eppav.'Avril, Epic and Ionic lengthened form for av,-, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. ict. of velIyt, "to send away," "to release;" filt eivacw: 1 aor. tvi?/Ka: oerf.'lvedca: 2 aor. hvnv, not used in sing. indicative. L'Aerr6iEcero, 3 sing. 2 aor. mid. of'tro6aivw, "to depart;" fut. arrco6aoy/at: 2 aor. acre6lCa6ynv, the 2d aorist being formed with the characteristic (a) of the first. Consult book i line 428. A7TOb, adverb. Originally the genitive of apr6c, and, in full, d,'rzTOV TO rtzorov, "at the very place, there, here, on the spot." N TeE2LicOat, Epic and Ionic for reT2LaecOat, fut. infin. mid. (ir. a passive sense) of re2Ew, "to accomplish;" fut..r'Aeo, &c'E/yertov. Consult book i., line 564. gix 373 7?, Epic and Ionic for tion, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act ot 7f/lM, "to say." (Consult note.) HItu lt, dat. sing, of'uap. Consult book i., line 592. 38 NSi-r, a, ov, Epic and Ionic 77, ov, and also Attic or, ov; LUN 38I strictly, "not speaking" (from negative vq- and EnoC) and so precisely equal to the Latin infans, our "infant." Frequently used in Homer, especia ly with reference to one still unfit to beat arms, i. e., until about the 15th year, as II., ix., 440. Ersployed also figuratively of the understanding, "~us. dual of 4uor, ov, O, "the shoulder." fIIRfev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of r2T5rao, "to strike;' LiNE 266. fut. n-r2a: 1 aor. E7rr;:z: Epic and I n c Z7raia, with out augment.'1tdvt8O, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. of lcdvOw, " to bend," " to or-ok,,' t) bow.9'-Observe that the passive aorist has ihere a middle force "to bend one's self "' to double one's self ui " t24l HOMERIC GLOSSARY. [look 2. Line 266-273 OaXbepov, nom. sing. neut. of 9a;ep6rf,,, v Epic and lornic, to Consult note.)-Froin 46;L;w, "' to bloom," " tJ be luxuriant," &c. TEKceoae, Epic and Ionic for e67reae, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. os c7rriTrrro, to fall from," &c.; frut. lK7rrjao: 2 aor. Sg7reaov. L-v. 267. ]gP4u:d' eyyo~, 7i, "a weal," "a swollen bruise," especially from a blow, answering to the Latin vibex. Aiparoeaaa, Epic and Ionic for alparovaaa, nom. sing. fem. of al zarTeft, oe'ra, 6ev, Epic and Ionic for a'iLarovf, aotLaroOaaa, ai/,arouv'bloody."-From alua. Tdp67eaEv, Epic and Ionic for irdap6yaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. 1ndie. act. of rap6eo, " to be terrified," " to be alarmed," "to fear;" fut. rap6eao. An intransitive verb.-From Trap6Of, "fright," alarm," "terror."'Axy;7aac, nom. sing. 1 aor. part. act. of aZyEO, " to sujfer LINi 269. pain."-From iiXyor, any pain, whether of body or of mind.'AXpeTov, accus. sing. neut. of &Xp, ov, orarely a, ov, "useless," " unprofitable," "good for nothing." Homer uses the word twice: viz., of Thersites, in the present passage, after being beaten by Ulysses, "having looked foolishly," or, more closely, "having given a helpless or puzzled look" (consult note); and of Penelope, trying to disguise her feelings, 4Xpedov yE2Xaaae, " she laughed without use or cause," i. e., made a forced laugh. (Od., xviii., 163.)-From at, priv., and xpeta, "' use."'Aroqjz6pSaro, Epic and Ionic for (i'reuo6pgaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of arro/opyvvyt, " to wipe away;" fut. a'roqp6p&.-In the middle, r1roy6pyvv/ae, " to wipe away from one's self;" fut. (L7ro/o6pso/La': t aor. aixezopdjuFv. —From zer6 and bi6pyvvyc, " to wipe."'AxvUevot, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. mid. of xyvvpua,, LINE 270. " to grieve," " to trouble one's self." Only used in present and imperfect.-From taxc, "grief," &c. reXaaaav, Epic and Ionic for iy'i2aaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of ye7aiw, " to laugh;" fut. ye7Lao: 1 aor.'yiA2aa.'EarteaCev, 3 sing. iterative form. of the 2 aor. of the radical LINE 271. nmtrO, "to say," "to speak;" 2 aor. Eierov, iterative erieaxov. consult remarks on ppr7VaaaiKe, line 189. LINE 272. Mvpia. Consult book i., line 2.'ETOad. Consult book i., line!08.'Eopyev, 3 sing. 2 perfect of tp&o, So do," "to perform;" iuL lpfe: 2 perf. Iopya.'EgdpXOv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act.-of Ef6pXqo, "tad originate," "to begin,: &c.; lut. 16,1w. —From if and "aDl.'o to beg,'il." HOMERIC GLOSsARY. 62b Book 2. Line 273-282. Kopo'aawv, inom. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of copcawc),'to arouse' Strictly, " to arm with helm," "to helm" (consult note); fut. icoti6o,, -From Ic6pvq, "a helmet."'Epeev,:3 slng. I aor. indic. act. of tS'o, "to do," &c.; [INE 274. fut. ESg&: 1 aor. Epe a. / Consult book i., line 444. Awe)67rpa, accus. sing. of 2ic6qr7p, ipor, O, "a slanderer," L~INE 275. "a reviler.."-From Owu6dofeat, " to insult," " to revile," " to outrage;" and this from 2?(6?67, "outrage," "insult," &c.'Erreo662ov, accus. sing. mase. of Ereao662Lor, ov, "of unbridled tongue," " abusive." Strictly, " throwing words about." —From error and p6lXtw.'EaXe, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of XOo, " to restrain," &c. More literally, " to hold in," i. e., " to check."'Ayopao?,, Epic and Ionic for ayopeiv, gen. plur. of ayopa, af, 4, an harangue," &c. OPv, enclitic particle, used chiefly in Epic, rarely in Attic poetry: akin to 6(, and expressing strong conviction;'assuredly." (Consult note.)'Av?7aet, 3 sing. fut. indic. act. of'viu/t, "' to excite." Literally,'to send up or forth," hence, " to let go," " to let loose" (as a dog);'to set upon," " to excite," &c.; fut. vinaco, &c.-From vda and iypu.'Ayjyvop, opof, 6, 1, "insolent." Literally, "manly" (from ayai and avvp); but, in Homer, frequently with the collateral notion o " headstrong, haughty, insolent," &c.'Ovete6ioti, dat. plur. masc. of Oveil6eto, ov, "abusive," &ce INE *277. — From bveLdog, "abuse," "' reproach," &c. L biaav, Epic and Ionic for efaaav, 3 plur. imperf. indic act. of 0.rui. HIlroi'opOoc, ov, " city-sacking."-From 7rr62.et, old form for gr6ls: and ripOiw, "to sack." LINE 279. r1avexIjSrtg. Consult book i., line 206. Eidoizfvfz, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. mid. of ed&a Con L 280. suit line 22. Ltwoicrv, pres. infin. act. of aou7rda, " to be silent;" fut. atireraocaz I aor. Eatw,7raa. Av6yet, Epic and Ionic for Iv Cyect, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. a~t. as. signed to ovwya, an old Epic perfect with a present signification, "I rommand," " I order;" hence civ6yetv, " I commanded," " I ordered." -Derivation uncertain. Buttmann derives it from an old root 4yyw, hus connecting it with d7yy92Uo. LINE 282.'F.'tCa, O.arnO, Epic and Ionic frr FrtFp('CloV70, pIll, G ac (t)ji. tOIMERIC GLOSSARf Book 2. Line 282-291. I aur. opt. mid. of E7rtlp6i (, "to say besides." iut more usually lnrb opp6iottat, in the middle, " to ponder upon," " to perceiae," " to under stand."-From erri and opda'o. Consult book i., line 83. LiNtE 283.'O oPLtv EliiipovYv, Ic. r. AX. Consult book i., line 73.'EEiYXtcTov, accus. sing. mase. of %-yartaro's r, ci, irreg. LINE 285. ular superlative of hAieyX7', " most disgraced," t' most sisit2d with reproach." —From eCyXofr, " reproach," &c. 0i[Eevat, Epic, Yolic, and Doric for -&Elvat, 2 aor. infin. act. of riOGWt, &c. Mepi6rerat, Epic apd Ionic for yppo~,t, dat. plur. of udpoip, roTor Consult book i., line 2u0. L'EIcreiovcav, Epic and Ionic for Eicretoitlzv, 3 plur. pres. LINz 286. indic. act, of KEr6o, " to fulfill," " to perform;" fut. Kcre?ia().-From tic and reEiOW.'YTr6axeatv, accus. sing. of vrrdoXeatC, cat, I, "a promise."-From vrtayXveoptat.'7',6iarav, Epic and A.Eolic for 9irEarfrlav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. Of ~va~rrlt, " to stand under," " to undertake;" fut. oviroarcco.perf ir0ary7ca.-From v7r6 and larVIuu. ZrTEXovre', nom. plur. pres. part. act. of TEiXo, "to come,"' LAINE 287. "to go," "to proceed;" especially, "to go one after an. other," " to go in line or order," i. e., to battle, &c.; fut. areio: 1 aor. iaretla: 2 aor. cartXov.-The root appears to be found in the Latin ve-stig-ium.'Iwrro6oroeo, Epic and Ionic for irm'ro66rov, gen. sing. of Irr066oro0, ov, "' steed-nurturing;" more literally, "fed on by horses," i. e., good for their grazing.-From Z7rbrio and 6acic, " to feed." LINE 288.'Itlov iKr8lpaavr', K. T. X. Consult line 113.. Neapoi, nom. piur. masc. of veap6c, a, 6v, " young." MosiLINE. 289. ly a poetic term, or else occurring in late prose, as irt Plutarch. Xhpal, nom. plur. fem. of xcpo~, a, ov, also o~, ov, "widowed;" literally, " bereaved," " bereft."-The root XI-, XHP-, occurs in the Sanscrit ha, hi, " to desert," " to abandon," so that:Xpog is strictly "d eserted," "left."'OdVpovrae 3 plur. pres. indic. of middle deponent bvSpo. LiNE 290. eat, L" to vIail," " to mourn," &c. No active Ob6po occurs -From the same root as &6S, "misery," &c., and bdo'vil, "pain,' "distress."'Avt6ivr'a, Epic and Ionic for JvtaEivra, accus. sing. mase LINE 291. 1 aor. part. pass..of J'vt6&~, " to distress "....o trouble." "ito iOMERIC GLOSSARY 627 Book 2. Line 291-296 ~nflo!," "to expose to plivations," &c.; filt. advtauou: 1 aol viaaa:.. aor. pass. }vta6.luv: Epic and Ionic avln'aw, acviraa, LjOnrI,, &C. Miva, accus. sing. of lz1v, jznv61, o, " a month."-From /urn rLNE, 292. comes jAvw, and these, with our moon, the German mond, and Latin men-sis, may all be traced to the Sanscrit mci, " to inmeas ire." The Persian word for month is also mAh. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 194.)'Hf, gen; sing. fem. of the possessive os, 4, 8v, " his, her, zts."'AaXat'a, Epic and Ionic for JaXa;M, 3 sing. pres. indic. LINE 293. act. of aaXadow, " to be vexed," "to be grieved," &c. Only used in the present, of which Homer has, besides cqXazadq, the fol lowing irregular forms: 3 plur. ahXa6woat: infin. caxacidav: part. arixaRLov. He also once has the form 6aX;U;. (Od., ii., 193.) Both forms occur now and then in the tragic writers. The form xqaqra2&etv is found in Herodotus (iii., 152), and late prose: sometimes even in Attic prose.-According to Dindorf and Grashof, akin to a'Xog, as ita/ to Xwo. IIo;vCuy~, dat. sing. fem. of 7rol'Cv yor,.ov, "of many benches," " many-benched;" referring to the rowers' benches.-From 7roTsS and (vyov, " a rowing bench."-'Aeysal, nom. plur. of 1eetLa, of, 4, " a blast," " a tempest."-Prob ably akin to edio, " to drive." Xeqeiptat, nom. plur. fem. of XeliCgppor, a, or, "wintry," LINE 294. " stormy."-From xeata, " winter," the root of which is XI-, or hi-, which appears in Xlov, " snou'." Compare the Sanscrit hSiman, "snow," whence the Himalaya mountains, i. e., the house of snow; also Mount Imaus, and likewise Emodus. The Latin hiems is related to Xe/a, as hir to Xeip, heres herinaceues to X7P. Eiiutcv, Epic and Ionic for eiA~atv, 3 plur. pres. subj. act. of.PiY&o, i5, "to hem, shut, or coop in" (consult note); fut. e/luao.'Optvoqjtvj, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. pass. of hpivo, " to agitate. fut. pivij. —In passive, bpivozat, "to be agitated,"'' to be troubled. — Akin to 6p(o, OpvvVl. LINE 295. Eivarog, Epic and Ionic for vPvaro, "the ninth." IleptrpowXev, nom. sing. mase. pres. part. of irepsrpotrp&, " to rc nolve," Epic and Ionic collateral form of rcprptpi7rw.'Evtavr6s. Consult line 134. MlGvdvreoat,. Epic and Ionic for eiz'ivovat,.dat. plur. pres LINE 296, part. of,iuvwo, " to remain," lengthened tby reduplicatios Crom juvuc, and, therefore, shortened from ply&vo. It is used foi bi628 NIIOMERIQ GLOSSARY.. Book 2 Line 296-300. uevw, when the first syllable is wanted to be long, and hen,'e is on!] poetic, and only employed in the present and imperfect. Nejpeatvojuat, 1 sing. pres. indic. of middle deponent vyeaieouaa (like veueeaed), " to be angry with one," "to blame one."-Compare remarks on veteadto, line 223.. Kopuvictv, dat. plur. of lcopwovi, idot, i, " of bending stern," LINE 297. "curved," "bending," "crooked-beaked;" in I-omer an epithet aways applied to ships from the outline of their prow and stern, especially the latter.-From /Kopivl, the curved stern of a ship, especially the crown, ornamented top of it.'EjtTrTs. Consult book i., line 562. Al7pov, accus. sing. neut. of d6pS., d, 6v, " long'," used adverbially, which is commonly the case in Homer.-From 6div, "long," "for a sonog time." Keve6f, accus. sing. neut. of Kceve6c,, 6v, Epic and Ionic for Ke v6g, i, Old, a" empty," 4" empty-handed," used adverbially. 1 A)8re, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. act. of rcu;.o, " to endure," " to bear;" strictly, " to take upon'one's self."-Observe that rAdc. is a radical form never found in the present, this being replaced by the pertect tEri7lca, or the'verbs TouCia'o, JviXojUtat, w7rotEiVO, &c.; tut. r;Loaojtae: 2 aor. lr-?uv (as if there were a present r7-2~jtt, which there is not. Pors., Phien., 1740): 2 aor. imper. r7-Otl: perf., with present signification, r'rKa,.-T-d/to) is radically the same as Tro acto, Sanscrit tul, Latin tul-isse, tol-erare, (t)latus, &c. Meivare, 2 plur. 1 aor. imper. act. of etvo, "to remain;" fut. uyev I aor. EiLEtva. Aaedjev, 1 plur. 2 aor. subj. pass. of dL)w, an old root, with the sig nification of "to teach," "to learn," the latter of which meanings applies here. To this sense of " to learn" belong the future da7jaoeat: the perfect forms dedd8tca, d6edaic6f, d6e6aljEivof: the 2 aor.,)ass. Mdaiv, subj. d6a, daeio, infin. 6dadvat, d6auevat, part. dae4t.Akin to cto, Latin di-sco. Consult Polt, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 185.'ErE6v, accus. sing. neut. of irer6, 6i, 6v, " true." Homei INE 300. only employs the neuter, and usually as an adverb, "in -ruth," "reacly," "verily," answering to the Latin revera; more Marely, as in the present passage, with the meaning of " truly." Seem. bngly never found as a masculine or feminine ad lective. The Ionians also use the dat. fem. ere,7 as an adverb, "in truth." Mavrever-ae, 3 sing. pres. indic. of the middle deponent eavr, l'+e;a "to divine," "to predict;': fut. uavre7vdU(oa -From /#dvrif, 1 svnur," "a predicler." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 62D Book 2. Line 301-307. LINE 301.'I6Uev. Consult book i., line 121. MdprvpoL, nom. plur. of adprvpoc, ov, 6, "a witness.' Olde: I,:Ng 302. Epic form for judprv;. The grammarian Zenodotus wholly rejected this form. Kriper, nom. plur. of KsVp, IKep6', 4, " the goddess of death," also "goddess of fate," especially as bringing violent death; often occurring in Homer, who sometimes, as in the present instance, has alsi the plural K7peC, "the Fates."'E6as. Consult book i., line 391. X0t'zi, adverb, "yesterday."-From X&6c, 6v, "of yesL'E 303. terday," and this from Xf. — Observe that X8Oc is the Saascrit hyas, Latin hesi and hesiternus, afterward heri and hesternus. Compare the German gestern, English yestreen, yesterday, &c. HpSiSa, adverb, " the day before yesterday."-From'rpwSloc, and this from srp(W.' Asvida, accus. sing. of Avig, idoc,, "Aulis," a small place in Boeotia, near which was a large harbor, where the Grecian fleet had their rendezvous before sailing against Troy, and where they were detained by head winds until Iphigenia was sacrificed to Diana by Agamemnon, the father of the former. It was situate on the shores of the Euripus, and nearly opposite to Chalcis in Eubcea. The modern name of the harbor is Vathi.'Hyep'ovoro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of'yepio,uat, Epic form of iTyeipo/yat, as a passive verb, " to be gathered together" Homer uses it only in the 3 plur..present and imperfect. 3 Kpivnv, accus. sing. of scp7vz1, 9s,, ",'a spring," "a fountLINE 305. ain."-From the same root as Kpovvod, "a spring," and perhaps Kopa, Kaipyvov, like the Latin caput aqua. Booov'uS, accus. plur. of g/3o6gS, oV, o, "an altar." Consult book line 440.'Epdojuev, 1 plur. imperf. indic. act. of Epw,' to offer u' " LINE 306. Consult book i., line 315. Teeixaaa'.. Consult book i., line 315.'EcardT,6as. Consult book i., line 65. IX7Jaravlior, dat. sing. of r2ar7ivtaroS, ov, 4, "a plane LINE 307. tree." Same as 7rdTMrvoC, " the Oriental plane." Latir platlnus, a tree of the maple kind.-From 7rT2roc, " breadth;" rfta rid, "broad;" because of its broad leaves and spreading form.'Phev, Epic and Ionic for &thSEev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of [tCi "to flow;" fut. eScoetat: 1 aor.`tj~evaa. In Attic, more usually fut v'o7aoac and 2 aor. t1'1v., always in an active signification G a 2 6)0 IIOMEItlC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 307-212. nence is formed the perfect 3ijvt/cka.X-Tlhe root is PE-, PY —, San, acrit sru.'Ay27a6v, nom. sing. neut. of dyUa6o', 4, 6v, " limpid," " clear." An old Epic and Lyric word, being found only twice or thrice in the Attic poets. —Akin to aiyal', "brightness," and hlya7LXo/at. r'EodvY7, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. pass., in a middle sense, of [ANE 308. 3 aivo, " to show;" fut. bavs: 1 aor. 4nva: later perfect va4ayica. In the middle, oaivoyat, " to appear," i. e., to show one's self: 2 aor. pass. ke'vnv.-Lengthened from root PA-, which apDears in qaof', "lzght." Conmpare Sanscrit bhd, "lucere." (Pott, Etymrol. Forsch., i., 194.) YI.la, arot'6, A" a sign," " omen." —Probably connected with Oea and iedaojact, by the common Laconian change of O into a, and so, strictly, I that by which something is seen." LApdClKO, OV70, 6, "a dragon," "a largse serpent." A species oL Homeric creation. The poet'desdribes it as a creature of huge size,,oiled like a snake, of blood-red color, or shot with many changing tints: indeed, in II., xi., 40, he describes a three-headed one. —Supposed to come from diptcO, " to look earnestly or piercingly;" f aor. MdpaKov: part. dpaictv, from its fabled keenness of vision. N7ra, accus. plur. of vJr7ov, ov, r6, "the back." Consult line 159 Aa 6olvoc, 6v, late also -, 6v, "all blood-red."-From da, intensive, and ootl,6C, " blood-red," and this from P6voC, "bloodshed," &c. XEepda2iof, a, ov, Ionic ~7, ov, "fearful to the view," " ter DiNE 309. rible to behold." Hlice, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Ab7ut, i" to send;" fut. aow: 1 aort. iica.,ok_ &e, adverb, " to the light," " into the light."-From C6cog, lengthened Epic form of f0C., which is itself contracted from u6or, and the uffi.x &e, denoting motion toward.'Traifar, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. of v7racaao,, " to LNtE 310. glide from under;" fut. v6rati'w.-From vrr6 and aiaoy.'Opovaev, Epic and Ionic for Wcpovoev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of bpooo, "to dart forward;" fut. bpodao: 1 aor. {Spovaa.-From Opu'to arouse," " to excite." LINE 311.'Eaav, Epic and Ionic for waav, 3 plur. -imperf. of edii. ZrpovOolo, Epic and Ionic for arpov6ov, gen. sing. of. a rpov06S, oa, 6 and'I, "a sparrow." Neoaaoi, nom. pt ur. of veoaa6C, oV, 6, " a young bird;' hence veovc foi, "the young ones." —From veor. TINE 312.'O5,, dat sing. of oboC, or, 6, "a bough,"' a branch.' - IIOMEPIlC GLOSSARY. i63i Beok 2. Line 312-318. Perhaps akin to 6oxof, the German ast, and, accc;rding to Pott, to 2ngere. (Etymol. Forsch., i., 223.) HlerTao)c, dat. plur. of 7riraoibv, ov, tr, "a leaf." In the dative plural it forms wrErajcct as well as 7rerr. ot' (Buttmann, Ausf. Gr., ~ 56; Anm., 13, n:) —From rierdvvvjutL, 1" to spread out," " to aex pand "'TironrrerTnrlret, Epic and Ionic syncopated form for V'o7re7errrlcr7TEC nom. plur. masc. perf. part. act. of rrowr/jaaw, "to cower beneath," " to crouch under;" fut. v7rorrr/fo: perf. bV7rwodr6rvta.-From virro and I7rr7aaou " to crouch," "to cower down."'Eaeeeva, accus. plur. neut. of E2Leetpr6, V', O6, "piteous," LINE 314. "pitiable," taken adverbially, " piteously." —Frorn Eieoc "lty," "compassion." Kar'aOle, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of cKaTreO0io, "to devour," "to eat up;" fut. KaTd5o/Lat. —From car6a and ceios, "to eat."-To this verb icare'ayov is assigned as a second aorist. Terptylraic, Epic and Ionic for TerpLyoraf, accus. plur. masc. perl. part. of Tpi/O, "to twitter," "to cry sharp and shrilly;" fut. rp~io. perf., with present signification, TrErpLya.'A/4erro6rro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent LINE 315troToat, "to fly or flutter around." —From etjebi, and rrordoua, Epic and Attic-poetic form for 7rrro/aLe, "to fly."'E2ea1 tid/eEvoC, 1 aor. part. mid. of i2ei~'c0o, "to wind," " to LINE 316. twirl round," &c.; fut. E2Xe2dif. —In the middle, " to wznd one's self round," "to form one's self into a coil." IITrpvyof, gen. sing. of rrpvS vo, vyo,, "a wing."-From nrepov,'a wing.."'AizmcXvtav, accns. sing. fem. irregular perfect participle of au WteXo, " to sound on all sides," "to make a loud cry round about;" fut..0tcqaXo:. perf. hiluiaxa: perf. part. iyoXcia6, voa, o'f.-From I'diui and iiXo, "to cry aloud."'Ecaye, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act., with no present ouywo In LINE 317. use, but used as the 2d aor. of eaoio, " to eat," which is itself only used in the present and imperfect Wamov, other tenses being supplied by Edo, and the aorist being, as already remarked, Eiayov.'Api4Rov, accus. sing. neut. of apic'rlXoc, ov, also a/, ov, LiznE 3 S. Epic form for hpi/r27lo., " very conspicuous." —From ape-, intensive, and 62iog, " manifest," &c. (Consult note.)'E72?ei'r, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic act. of oaivw), "to, show."' to display to view.. 3 2.AUMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 319-331. Adav, accus. sing. of %dar, gen.;ador, oat. Aai, accus. AtzrY, [LNE 319. "a stone."'AyXv1TiOul s~,, Epic and Ionic for a)yvAoji-rTo, ov, o. Consult line, 20o'E.raoref, Epic and Ionic syncopated form for 7aTrK'Tre, lIANE 320. nom. plur. masc. perf. part. act. of lar7,lut, " to place," &c.: rut. ar7Ta&. perf. arTlKea, with intransitive force, "I stand." Oavd'(opev, Epic and Ionic for iOavyduojzev, 1 plur. imperf. indi;. tct. of Oa vuaEo, " to wonder;" fut. igava'da,: perf. re0azua1ca.'ErOx OG, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. of re xo, "to do," &c. Consult line 101. lJwupca, nom. plur. neut. of Trtopov, ov, rTo, "a prodigy." INE 32. — From wrOop, r6, indeclinable, "a monster," "a prodigy," and this probably from ri2(Jo.'EKar6p6ac. Consult book i., line 65. LINE 322. Oeo7rporrEiv. Consult book i., lines 85 and 109. LINE 323. T[ir-'. Consult book i., line 202.'AvgE,J adverb, "without a sound," "mute." Less correctly written (ivt, as if a nominative plural frorn the obisolete adJective (At: tic form) &vewo, gen. Aivse, 6,. (Consult note ) KapVlKop6Wovreq. Consult Ile 11. TVpaf, accus. sing of rpea(, arof, Epic aof, r6, "a sign," LINE 324.,, LI 32. a wonder," 6" a marvel." Nom. plur. ripacra, Epic rpaa: gen. rTEpiv, Epic repdav: dat. -r'paaL, Epic rEp(react.-Akin to 7rppa M717rera, nom. sing.-Consult book i., lines 175, 508, &c. YOqtpjov, accus. sing. neut. of ibtuog, ov, "late in coming INE 325. Poetic form of pwtof.-From 61pb, "late."'ObrlLTEeTrov, accus. sing. neut. of o4r'e?-reTof, " late of fulfillment,", " to be late fulfilled." —From ebi and 7reA), " to fulfill," "' accomplish."'OREerat, 3 sing. fut. mid. of o;Rv/uzt, "to destroy." —Middle, $Oa; pat,' lo perish," " to pass away;" fut. 6YtoO/at e: 2 aor. diA,%1yv. Toaaar7a, Epic for rcaav1ra, accus. plur. of roaoVroC, rTCe [.3IN. aVrl7, rooVTro, "so many," " so much." flroeupitooyev, 1 plur. fut. indic. act, of 7rroLE[tir', Epic form foy aroiridco, " to war," "to wage war;" fut. 7rro0,e4f/5C. —From rr6-o'eof, Epic fo-m for 7rw6teioc. Teuelrat, 3 sing. pres. indic. pass. of reRito, "to sconm L:INE 330. plish;'" fut. TreiEa(2. Mitzvere, 2 plur pres. imper. of upvca, "t1 remain' Con. IaNE 331. 6sult line 2963. tOMItERIC' GLOSS3ARt Book 2. Line 331-339 Evxs,'td6er. Consult book i., line 17. EL6xKev, conjunction, "until." In Hontez usually joined IN 332. with the subjunctive or future indicative.-Compounded nf nS 6 isty or Ke. i'Iaov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of hiaXo, "to shout;" fut. iaXvrrw: perf. zaxa.-Probably from Ta, " a voice," " a cry." Kovd6tclaav, Epic and Ionic for Ecovci6aaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. [LNM 334. indic. act. of Kova6e&o, "to resound," "to ring';" fut. covayaio ~: 1 aor. Ekove&i76a.-From ic6vaf6og, "a resounding," ringing," and this, according to Buttmann, from Kc6/rot, " a noise," "din," &e'AiJaavruv, gen. plur. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of avigo, "to shout;' tut. cV'aco: aor. /j4aa (for, in the present and imperfect, av- is a diphthong; but in the future &iD, and in aor. two syllables).-The root in Sanscrit is tea, "to blow," &c. r vep ivCog, 6, "the Gerenian," an Homeric epithet of Nes[INE336. tor. (Consult note.)'Ir7rr6-a, Epic and _Eolic nominative (gen. ir7rr6ra') for brrr6wrn, uv, 6, " ruler of steeds;" more literally, " a horseman," " a driver o! steeds," &c. —From i7r-roC.'Ayopciaa6e, Epic lengthened form for eiyopaaoe, 2 plur. LiNE 337. pres. indic. of the middle deponent Jyopeiojat, "to harangue;" more literally, "to meet in assembly," "' to sit in debate," &c.; fut. iydpodaopia: Epic and Ionic aiyop7aojiat, &c.-From ciyopa, s an assernbly," Epic and Ionic'ybp'. NyrzaXoetr', dat. plur. masc. of vrrinaxor, ov, "infant,"' LtNE338. "young." Poetic form for vnrtor, "infant," the -aXo& being a mere termination. Consult line 38. M cet, 3 sing. pres. indic.' act. (impersonal form) of jeRw, "' to be a care to," " to be an object of concern to;" fut.,ue[crao.-Akin to ju2to Consult book i., line 564. IHo2LeA7ja, Epic and Ionic for a supposed form vro2Eueta, nom plur. neut. of'roRe? Ebr, ov " warlike," "appertaining to war," Epic and Ionic for a supposed form rroRte2to'.-From ir62-ejpor.-The cornmon form is roR.eytiot. ITH, interrogative adverb, "whither," equivalent here to LINE 339. L rot, and the dative, in fact, of an obsolete form 7r6g,,, which irrtr is the adverb. Xvv9aiate, nom. plur. of avvOeaia, af, 4, "an agreement'' —Fron'OoK.i, noam. plur. of bpKetov, ov, r6, "a sworn pledge " (Consul note. —From OpKOr, 1" an oath." 634 UOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 340-346. rt ol ro. EpiC and Ionic for yevotv'o, 3 plur. 2 ar,. opt of ytyvotazt. MidSea, nom. plur. of JUzio', eo', -r6, "a plan," "a resolve," "an!:hong planned and done cunningly or skillfully." Hardly found save in the plural teSe&a.-:Akin to jUttT7t. 17roviai~, nom. plur. of arrovw4, 1k, 4, "a libation," 6 a,irnt i /sz 341. offering," the Latin libatio.-From the same root come the Latin spondeo, sponsus, sponsio, originally used of solemn covenants.'AKp7ro0, Epic and Ionic for icpairot, nrom. plur. fem. of pcplrot', Dv, Epic and Ionic for apdtiro70, ov, "pure," "unmixed." (Consult note.) —From ac, priv., and Keepivvvut, " to mix."'Ht', i. e., I', Epic and Ionic for alt', dat. plur. fem. of it5, 4, o, "who which, what."'EriTrefttev, 1 plur. of the Epic syncopated form of the 2 pluperf of 7rnsOw, " to persuade," &c., for irrE7rotieteev. The 2 perf. rrirotiOa has an intransitive force, "I confide in," "I rely on;" hence the 2 pluperf. r7rerrol0etv, "1 I,confided in." " I relied on."'EptdatvoFiev, 1. plur. pres. indic. act. of Iptdaivw, " to conLINE 342. tend," "to wrangle," &c. Consult book i., line 574. M,-Xo, eo6, " a remedy," " an expedient." An old poetic root of a7llavl/.-Akin, in all likelihood, to iu7diot, j7ldo/eat, 7-Tlrt'. EvSpguevat, Epic, Doric, and _Eolic for ebperv, 2 aor. infin. fLINE 343. act. of eipitcnco, " to devise;" fut. ebrplaco, &c. AvvdieeaOa, Epic for BvvdapeOa, 1 plur. pres. indic. of d6vaatc, " to )e able."'Aarue"qia, Epic and Ionic for aicre,7u0, accus. sing. fern. LINE 344. of aorEott', "t, "unshaken," "firm."-From a', priv., and arip6ta, " to shake by stamping." Compare the Sanscrit stabh, " niti;" s!ambha, "columna;" and the English stamp, step.'Apxeve, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of apXevo, " to rule over," I. A 345. " to command," "to lead." Poetic form for ipXWo. Tauivat, accus. plur. of viacgvv, v:, 4, " a conflict," "a fight." In this same book of the Iliad (v. 863), and also in viii., 56, we have a metaplastic Epic dative vuovt,e, as if from victv or vr/ut'~.-Pott com. pares the Sanscrit judh, " to fight," and judh-ma, "a battle." (Etym. Forsch., i., p. 252.)'Ea, 2 sing. pres. imper. of Eioi, " to suffer," a to let," "ta LINE 346. permit -" fut. daow: 1 aor. elaca, &c.,6Ot6V0eLv, pres. inf. act. of ~Otvi60, " to perish," " to wasife away," &c. Poetic form for 00tivG., the more usual present-for 0i[W,' ta Perish," &c.; fut geiao. IOMERIC GLOSSARY. 63A Book 2. Line 346-356 l'of Epic and Ionic for o4, " who." LINR, 347. Noavcv. Consult book i., line 349 Avvifr, eOC, 4, " an accomplivl7ment."-From.v 6no,: to accomphlslt." LINE 348.'Apyocde, adverb, "to A-gos." Consult note on book line 30.'rvlNevat, Epic, Doric, and IEolic for yvwvat, 2 aor. inf. of yyVNE9, o', "to know&;" fut. yvaooijaz, &c. Consult book i., line 199.'TTr'6aoeSt, eoC, 4, "a promi.'."- -From v'rtbxvEolzat, " to promise".INE 350. Karaveioat. Consult book i., line 514. LINE 351.'H/eart. Consult book i., line 592. fKivTr6potrtv. Consult book i., line 421. 4~ovov, accus. sing. i,' p6voc, ov, 6, "slaughter," "carnage, rINE 352. analogous to the Latin cedes.-From the radical oevo, " io slay." Ki7pa, accus. sing. of Kip., Kcp6f, 4, "Fate," "death." (Consult [tote, and compare book i., line 228.) L'Aarparrrov, norn. sing. masc. pres. part. of darpa7rr-o, "to rINE 353. flash forth lightning," " to lighten;" flt. calirpdCo. —From [c.rpair7, "a flash of lightning"'Errtdefta, accus. plur. neut. of i'red&etor, ov,' to the right," taken aldverbially.-From Erti and d6Sco-.-In Homer the term always carries with it the meaning of motion toward, namely, "from left tc right,'" toward the right," &r.. But with the post-Homeric writers khe signification of motion toward died away, and the word becairie equivalent, in general, to 6deF, " on the right';" as, rcirrtd64ta (Arist., Av., 1493), "the right side." (Compare, however, Arist., Pac., 957.)'Evaniuta, accus. plur. nelAt. of bEvaiot/zog, ov, " auspicious," "favorable." Literally, "sent by destiny," "fated," but especially in a good signification.-From Ev and aian, "fate," " destiny."'Eri-ety6EOo, 3 shig. pres. imper. middle of errelyu, "to LINE 354. urLINE354 ge or drive on,nother;" fut. ErreiC: in the middle, OrretyopLat, " to hasten," " to wnake haste," i. e., " to urge one's self on." Tiaacoat, 1 aor. infin. mid. of riTVw, "to pay a price," by LINE 356. way of a return o; recompense (whereas rio is confined o the signification of paying honor); fut. rtao: 1 aor. ricaa: perf'irtica: in the middle, rivojLzu, 1" I make another nay the price or pen. Vity of a thing," "I take vengeance,"' I avenge;' fut. tiaoalt: 1 aor Pr faur7v.'Opy#jara, accus. plur. of'porya, arog, r-' rexation," "any vio. lent act or feeling," &c. (Consult note.)-From iopui-o. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Lzne 356-363. -rovalXcr, accus. plur. of arovaX?, i,, C, "a groan." —Froin era. x&(,), " to groan."'EK-a'yAwor, adverb. The special meaning, "terribly, L "fearfully" (consult book i., line 268), frequently passes, as in the present instance, into the general nction, "greatly,' "exceedingly," " beyond measure." Among the post-Homeric wri ters it implies merely the notion of something astonishing, won.'A.rrraWo, 3 sing. pres. imper. middle of iir-ro, " to connect," LINEq 358. "fasten to," &c.: in the middle, airroutat, "to touch," "to lay hands upon."'HW, gen. sing. fern. of 6C, s, ov, " his, her, its."'Evaaitloteo. Consult line 170. LINE 359. rpOp6Oe, adverb, "before," "sooner than." ii6roov, accus. sing. of r6rbouo', ov, 6, "fate," destiny," espeeally, "an evil fate," "a mishap," in which sense Homer always em ploys it.-From a root IIET-, analogous to' the Sanscrit pat, "to fall," i. e., "to fall out," "to befall," and whence we have treWao., &C., rirrvO, TrirriT, &c.'Ew7rirrn, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of Eqrino,'to go after," " to seek after," "to pursue." A frequent Homeric phrase is idivarov ca 7r67rov iralC7reTv, " to seek out death and fate," i. e., " to incur" them - 2 aor. EIreacrov. M~deo, Epic and Ionic for pj'ov, 2 sing. pres. iraper. of -LINE 360. p76doat', "to deliberate" (consult note); fiut. (naoo/pat.Frorom,dog, "plan," "deliberation," &c.'A7rw662rov, nom. sing. neut. of ri66a?,p;,,, deserving LINE 361. of being rejected;" more literally, "to be thrown or cari away as worthless."-From arr6 and P322Le.. Kpive, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of Kplvo, "to separate," " t parcel off," "to tell qof;" fut. Kcptvoi: perf. dcpLca. Co. pare the Sanscrit kri, " to separate," and the Latin cerno.,,2ma, accus. plur. of ~0:0vS, ov, O', " a tribe." More generally,,"a itock, race, kind." (Consult note.) 4,p,7rpac, accus. plur. of op'rTp, VC, 4, Epic and Ionic for pair.pa, f, 4>, " a farmily," " a kindred," "a body of persons of kindred race" (consult note), and forming a component part of a OvX2ov, or tribe. This appears to have been its meaning in heroic times. In historical times it denoted a political division of people, which no doubt took its first rise from ties of blood anti kinship. Every ~fv2o at Athens con tisted of three opiT,)ai or ~purpsat, whosa members were calls. H )MERIC GLOSSARt'. Book 2. Line 361-371. fpurepec, an{. were bound together by various religious rites pecu liar to each.-If we suppose that the root of the word is to be traced in the Latin frater, Sanscrit bhratri, English brother, the original sense of the word oparpia will be " brotherhood." qtp'rpintv, dat. sing., with the suffix -Otv, of bp2rpip, tl, 3. IiE 362. Consult page 283, seqq., remarks on the suffix ot or Lv,. Apiyi, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. of hapiyo, " to lend aid." Consult.bok i., line 521. EpPyg, 2 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Iepd, "to do." Consult IINsE 364. book i., line 315. Irv"ufr, 2 sing. fut. indic. mid. of ylyv(aioK, fut. yvi6aop.ua, LaTIE 365. &c. The Attic form is yvoaect. YEct, Epic and Ionic for? (intermediate form LV), 3 sing LINE 366. pres. subj. of eiszi, "to be." 2ctgar, Epic and Ionic for a.fii, accus. plur. of acEeZi. MaXeovrac, Epic and Ionic for paXiaovrat, 3 plur. fut. indic. ot tlaXolatc, "to fight;" fut. puaxiaomat, Epic and Ionic zaxioluat, Attic uaXoUljat. rv'Saeat, Epic and Ionic for the common form yvoan, (Attic yvwo5et), 2 sing. fut. indic. of ytyviUaKti.-Old form yvSaeaat, Epic and Ionic yYvaeat, common form yvwoJ, Attic 7yv&et. Oeaoreae',, dat. sing. fem. of Eacrrfaot', a, ov, and also or, ov, "di;mzne." Consult note, and also book i., line 591.'AXa7r6etk', 2 sing. fut. indic. act. of dXairdro, 1" to sack;' more iterally, "to empty," " drain," especially of power and strength; ht. (12,a7rdos: 1 aor. viPl rafa.-From h, euphonic, and Ra7rU-(o, "to.mpty." Kaic6rTrTt, dat. sing. of xcatc6rT7, lp'OS, 0,, "cowardice;" lit erally, 1 "badness," " unfitness for a thing;" hence of men, nlnd especially warriors, "cowardice."-From KaiK6f.'ABpa6di, Epic and Ionic for aUppadla, dat. sing. of &Upadit, q1;, a, epic and Ionic for apa(Nia, as, 1, "inexperience," "want of proper'cliberalion," " ignorance." Epic word for the prose term 40poarft). -Fr;im, pewr., and ~pdaouaL, 1" to reflect, consider," &c. MU'v, Epic and Doric for /z'Ov, an affirmative particle,' in Lias 370. truth," "verily." Not rare in the Iliad, but occurring in the Odys;ey only once (xvii., 170). It is sometimes, as in the pres snt instance, strengthened by the addition of 0j.-It is probab.e that pdiv, and /rn the particle of swearing, are near of kin. Ai, adverbial exclamation of strong desire, " would that! LXzi 371. i 0 hat!" and answering to the Iatin utinam. HonmP H ii T 638 lOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 371-381. always joins at ye4, al yap d6q; the Attics have ei yap oim i y)p: it iL only in Aolic and Doric that ai stands by itself. L 372 tlg[uiover, nom. plur. of av,,ubpadUC'ov,1 o0C, 6I, "a fellowcounselor." Properly an adjective, "advising with one." -From ovwupa'Couat, " to counsel with one," " to deliberate together." Eev, contracted form for ea1uav, 3 plur. pres. opt. of elst. Very common afterward in Attic Greek.'Hlevaete, 3 sing. Epic and.AEolic 1 aor. opt. act. of kj'uoi. LIE 373. ",to sink in ruins," "to bow down," &c. Consult note, and also line 148.'Heerippvatv, Epic and Ionic for tuLerEoate, dat. plur. fern. LINE 374. Of 7,7,E17EpOC, &C.'A2bovaa. nom. sing. fenm. 2 aor. part. act. (in a passive sense) of auieouae, "to be taken," a defective passive, the active (diaxio) be ing supplied by aipio: fut. (with passive signification) dadaolpac: 2 aor. act. (with passive signification) in the form iV'ov, Attic usually &dXCov: 2 aor. part. da2ov, (" taken"): perf. jXoca,'dXocKa, also pass ive in meaning, "I have been taken," &c. Ilepeouovi, nom. sing. fem. of pres. part. pass. of cr'ptO, " to sack." Consult book i., line 125.'A7rpKrTovC, accus. plur. masc. of iirpylr7of, ov. Consult LINE 376. line 121. NeiKea, accus. plur. of vedIeOg, EOg, r6, " a quarrel," "a contention." Maxe:aaaiEOa, Epic and Ionic for ~paxeadeu0oa, 1 plar. 1 L~INE 377. aor. indic. mid. of.uXotat, " to contend;" fut. [taXEiaoat' 1 aor. jcaXEcai7v.- — From aX?7l. Ko'pvf. Consult book i., line 98. LINE 378.'Avr7t6ioc. Consult book i., line 304. Xa2Eeraivwv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of xaRe7ralVov, "to become angry;" strictly, "to be hard, severe, grievous;" then used metaphorically of men, "to deal severely, harshly," especially from anger, " to be harsh," "to be ill-tempered,"' "to become bitterly angry," &o.-From xa2er6fr, "harsh," " severe," &c. LINE 380.'Avd62aef, e if, "a d6eferring," "a putting off." —-Fron Eva6c2aLs, "to defer."'H6ao6v, accus. sing. neut. of L6at6o', 7i, 6v, Epic and Ionic for 3at6uf, asmall," "little," &c., taken adverbially: hence obd' il6at6v, "not wen in a small degree," i. ce., not in the least. Aevov, vov, Tor, r, a meal," used by Homer, quite generally, Li xv, 381. sometimes as equivalent to the up)earov, or morning meal, which Mi the ease here; sometimes for the d6pwnov the afternoon or !IOMERLC GLOSSARY B' Book 2. Line 381-387. uenMl g ret al. Nitzsch regards it as the principal sneal, whenever taken: in Attic certainly it means the chief meal, and answers to our dtznner, or the Latin coena, begun toward evening, and often prolonged till night. Avv6ycuaev, 1 plul. pres. subj. act. of vv'dyo, " to join;" fut. fvvakE, &c.'Apia, Epic and Ionic for'Apea, accus. sing. of'Apr/c, eoc, o "MIars," god of war; put here, figuratively, for the fight itself. OqdaO&)o, 3 sing. 1 aor. imper. middle of 00y7, " to sharp en;" fut. iS:w: 1 aor. l0uyia: in the middle, -7jyoteat, "tc sharpen something belonging to one's self;" fut. d5oFoaL: 1 aor. MvSfduan. —Compare the Sanscrit tji, "to sharpen," which points to a connection with 4tyyeiv, &tyya'vo, &c.'Aarnia, accus. sing. of arwi~g, (do0,;, "a shield," a round shield, in Homer large enough to cover the whole man, usually of bull's hide, and overlaid with metal plates, with a boss (lzb0a2oL5) in the middle. At a later period it belonged to the Greek heavy-armed troops (67rX.rat), as opposed to the Thracian 7rTrrl/, and Persian,r!/ov.' -'12. 3vr6deaatv, Epic and Ionic for hcvr'G6deatv,. dat. plur. of L 3 KVIrror6i, iE, " swift-footed." Poetic term for c'KTrfovs,.'Apoanror, gen. sing. of dpia, aorog, r6, "a chariot," especially'a war-chariot," with two wheels, in Hormer used very often in the plural for the singular. Me6Cta60, 3 sing. pres. imper. of zidolrt, "to think of," " to preo pare for."-0bserve that uitdoSuat is an older form than'tw5oteatl, the latter being merely an Ionic form for the former. LINE 385. TlaVr/tzptot. Consult book i., line 472. ZTrvyepC, dat. sing. masc. of arvyepo6, d, 6v, " hateful." —From arvyEO, "to hate." Kpetvd-eOa, 1 plur. pres. subj. mid. of Kpivo " to separate:" 2n the middle, Kptvolatl, " to single out for one's self," i. e., a combataUt of opponent, and thus "lto contend."'Apryi, dat. of'Apg'. Consult line 381. IIavaow7), i7~, ~, " rest," " a respite."-From razvo, in cause to cease." MervaaErat, Epic and Ionic for uirearaC, 3 sing. fut. ofyetput, i s be between," "to intervene." Lis 387. AtaKpEivelt, Epic and Ionic foi 6taKpteV!,' 3 sing. fu. 1t0 IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2 Line 387-395. ind. a nt. of dMtKpiGv, " to pa.'t," " to separate. Old fornt d.aKpiwY act, Epic and Ionic dtraKptviEt, Attic 6taKptvei M'voc. Consult book i., line 103.'l6p38 aet, 3 sing. fut. indic. act. of e(dpo6, "to sweat," ":) perspire;" fut. Gpdaou.-Frorn 6idow, " sweat." Tev, Epic, Ionic, and Doric for rvo6r.-Observe that red, on the other hand, is for the interrogative TilVof. TeXatU6v, Apom, 6, "a strap," "a belt." (Consult note.) —No doubt from rir'vat, "to bear," whence, also, the hero Telamon probably took his name. L'Ausl0t6p6rOlC, gen. sing. fem. of 6iqogporg, 71, ov, " man-protecting," 1" covering the whole man." Consult remarks on the Grecian &aoxrig, line 382.'Eyxei, dat. sing. of EyXor, eog, r6, "a spear," consisting of two parts, aiXuz and d6pv, head and shaft, II., vi., 319, where its length is eleven cubits: the shaft was usually ashen. The EyxOC served for both throwing and thrusting, but, from its weight, was only used by the stoutest men, and when near the enemy; hence the mosi honorable weapon. Kaojeirat, 3 sing. fut. indic. of.icjvo, " lo toil," "to labor," "to ib fatigued;" fat. icalouoat:- perf.'KEIK/#Ka.'EvSoov, accus. sing. neut. of iV$'ooc, ov, "well-polished," LNE 390 bright.'" —From ev and Ego. T'traivov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of rtraivw, "to draw;" fut. rtravS': 1 aor. irir17lva. An Epic verb synonymous with reivo, ravevo, and signifying, literally, " to stretch." MtUvd(etv, pres. infin. act. of Fuyzvdw,, "to linger," "to LIsNE 392. INE 392stay," "to remain," "to loiter." Poetic form for tallVo. Kopuviatv. Compare line 297.'Apittov, nom. sing. neut. of ap'rtog, a, ov, and or, ov, " oh LINF. 393. which one may rely," "safe," "sure." (Consult note.)From'pKctl&, " to be of use," "to saufice,," &c.'Ecaaerat, Epic and Doric 3 sing. fut. indic. of eltd, from a Dorie form kaaoiuat, for the common Easluat. $vyeetv, Epic and Ionic for ~vyev, 2 aor. infin. act. of 0e6yv', "t# escape;" fut. 0e6fouat: perf. 7ri08evya 2 aor. eqvyov. LtiNE 394.'Iaxov. Consult line 333.'AKrO, dat. sing. of a'Kr7, 7,?1, "the'shore," " the beach," LINEs 395. ", the strand;" strictly, the place where the waves break, and thus opposed to Xajt/v. Hence it is usually accompanied by epithets denoting a high, rugged coast, as in the present instance -Frorw Y~vvatUL, to'reak." HtOMERIC GLOSSARY. i $ Book 2. Line 395-403. T*O,7, dat. sing. femrn. of irn6t', 4, ov, " lofty,' " high-towering' Froin 4vt, "on high;" whence, also, iot., " height." N6Tro', ov,,," the south wind." Consult line 145. Ilpo6QTre, dat. sing. of rrpo6?7t', Trof,;,, I (without neuterj 396. "projecting," "jutting;" strictly, "thrown before or Jor. oard." —From rrpo and 3c6ai2t. Ztccergi-a~, dat. sing. of aic7ire?.o, ov,, "a rock)" "a lofty rock;" strictly, like acolrtac, " a look-out place." Compare the Latin scoput'. —From a cowrO, "to take a survey," &c. IIavroiov, gen. plur. mase. of 7ravrolor, a, ov, "of al, LINE 397. kinds,"" of all sorts."-From rdwg.'Avrd(vrEC, nom. plur. masc. of the Epic shortened form (for acvaarcivreg) of the 2 aor. part. act. of avioralUt, " to place up," &c.; fut. &cvacarla: 2 aor. aivear7v, " Iarose," " I stood up."'OpEovro, Epic and Ionic for ipoiivro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid. oi obpeoat, "to make a rush."-From 6pu. KedaaOa'vref, nom. plur. masc. 1 aor. part. pass. of KEid(VVV/tlL 0) KEMdwO, "to disperse,"." to scatter;" flt. Kesdao. A poetic form for U/CeeVVVU1. Kd7rvtacv, Epic and Ionic for iKedrvtaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. TANE 399. indic. act. of ecaxrvi, "to make a smoke," " to raise a smoke;" fut. ica-vio.-From Kca7nv6f, "smoke." &Eaovro, Epic and Ionic for e22movro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. mid. ot afpeo, " to take;" 2 aor. mid. evrX6Puv.'EpeCe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of V5ico, a transposed LINE 400. form for Ep'o, " to sacrifice." Consult book i., lines 444 and 315. Aietyeveriwov, Epic for CaetyEverC-v, gen. plur. of aetyevEr, 6g, "ever lasting," "immortal."-From a'ei, Epic and Ionic for dFe, "ever," and the radical yivo. LINE 401. EvXu6pevog. Consult book i., line 43. M~2ov, accus. sing. of /jz2.of, on, 6, "toil."-Referred by Pott to the same root as /.uk3Lv: perhaps, also, akin to yoaelv, and the Latin moles, molior; and so, again, to e6yocs, 06x0o'.'Apqot, Epic and Ionic fbor'Apeof, gen. sing. of'Apq7. Consult line 381.'IUpsvoe1, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic act. of lepedo, "t. offer up," LNE 402., "to sacrifice;" fut. iepd;o: aor.'Ulpevca, Epic,,d Ionic r1pFvaa.-From iep6~, "sacred." iliocva, accls. sing.. mase. ofl 7wiv, ovoc,,,' J1 eSA ITNE 403. fed' "sleek " Compare book i. line 40. U tI i'2 642 noMn RIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 403-412. flt-ras; A v, accus. sing. nlasc. of revrae'ripoc, ov'five ycars otd." Poetic form for reVTTrc!rC, if. —From rrEvre and T. jl, " a year." rNE 404. eicv, Epic and Ionic for EKcitxaloeev, 3 sing. imperf indic. act. of Ktcc2alctc, "to invite," Ionic form for Ka3i.w, rsed only in the present and imperfect.'Apatr-af, accus. plur. of aptare6t, &o', o, Epic and Ionic 0or, and aence &ptariaC, for aptar'ac. Consult book i., line 227. HIavaXaotv, gen. plur. of IIavaxatoc, ol, "all the Greeks." Literally, "all the Achaians." (Consult note.)'Idopevra, Epic and Ionic for'Idotievia, accus. sing of'Iofp LINE 405. evevf, EwO, o, Epic and Ionic goc, " Idomeneus." Consult book i., line 145. Aiavre, accus. dual of Ata', avrog, o, "Ajax." Consult LINE 406. book i., line 138, and note on this line. TvdEof, gen. sing. of TvdevSC, eoC, d, Epic for TvdeCS, E'g, " Tydeus,"'ather of Diomede. He was the son of CEneus, king of Calydon in /Etolia, and, having slain his uncle Alcathous, fled to Adrastus at Argos. Here he received in marriage Deiphyle, one of thedaughters of the Argive monarch. He went with Polynices to the Theban war, and was slain by Melanippus. L EKrov, accus. sing. masc. of EKTro, a7, ov, sixth."-From LINE 407. i, "-six."'Odvarla, ic. r. A. Consult line 169. Ar6lyuaroS,,, ov, and Attic or, ov, "acting of one's own LINE 408. will,"." of one's own accord," " unbidden," " uncalled."-. From a7r6r, and the radical /cw (teiaa), "to strive after,"' "to attempt," "to desire," &c. Boav, accus. sing. of fo'i, is,, "a cry," whether of joy or grief "' shout," "cry for succor." In Homer, however, it is usually " te baltte-cry," " the alarm," and even the battle itself. (Consult note.)'Htdee, i.e.,,Iee, 3 sing. uncontracted form of the pluperfeet for O7&. Consult book i., line 70.'ETrovetro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent rnov&olua, "toD oil," "to labor." In early Greek this deponent alone appears; in later Greek, the form 7rove takes its place. HeplarT/avaro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of,repliar1l/t, "tE IrNE 410. pla:e around:" in the middle,'"to place one's self around," &c. Observe that rEpcitar7aavro is Epic and Ionic for: Epica7'riaavro OiaoXv-raC. Consult book i., line 449.'Avi2ovro. Consult book i., line 449. LINE 412. KVdtcre. voc. sing. masc. of KVd trog, j, ov, "most glb !)OMER C GLOSSARY, B)ok 2. Line 412-417'wn4as " Super ative of vdppo' a, i, 6v (formed, however, in reality fiom Kfsogf: as, ataxlo raf, from aiqXoc). Compare book i., line 122. KeaXalve08, roc. sing. masc. of KEC.atve0r, gd, " dark cloud-enveloped." Consult book i., line 397. Ai.dpt, dat. sing. of awi-p, dpoc, o, "ether," " the upper regions of air," "the pure sky," as opposed to dasp, the lower atmosphere. Hence " heaven," as the abode of the gods.-From aleo, "to lig/l up," " to kindle." Nainv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of valo, " to inhabit." Consult line 130. LINE 413. Avat, 2 aor. infin. act.. of Ud., "to enter," i. e., in the present case, the ocean, " to go down," as said of the sun; fut. Aime: 1 aor. dvaa: 2 aor. idvv. Kvioac. Consult book i., line 475. lpqrwd, accus. sing. neut. of 7rpj]v/c, ir, "headlong," LINE 414. "pronle." Observe that rrprjvrc is Epic and Ionic for the Doric and Attic orpavj, with which compare the Latin pronus. Baftteev, Epic and Ionic for padeZv, 2 aor. infin. act. of pi2aoe, "to Mu 1.", S ME2LaOpov, accus. sing. of?uea2pov, ov, r6, " a palace," " a hall," &c. Properly, " the ceiling of a room," especially the large crossbeam which bears it. Then, generally, "a roof," "a house," "a mansion," &c.-Derived by some from?te;aivo, "to blacken," as referring to the blackening effects of the smoke in passing through the Karrvod'xn, or hole in the ceiling for that purpose. Compare the ILatin atriuem, similarly derived from ater. AiOat6ev, accus. sing. neut. of aiOao6etc, 6eaaa, 6ev, " blaz LNE 415. iMng," "wrapped inftames."-From atOa;or, and this frorr IHpiaat, 1 aor. infin. act. of,rivprpptc, "to burn;" fut. 7rprija: 1 aor. enrp7jua, as if from rpOoe. —Lengthened from the root IIPH-, which root appears in the German brennen and English burn. Atioro, Epic for dylov, ger. sing. of N6ior, 7, ov, Epic and Ionic foN MiocI "hostile." Oiperpa, accus. plur. of &%pecrpov, ov, r6, "a gate," "a door." —. From O&pa. ErTOPEOoi, accus. sing. masc. of'Eiro6p soc, a, ov, "of HeIt. LINE 416. svr." —From Etcerop. Aatfat, I aor. infin. act. of datio, "to sever;" fut. datze: I at;. 1ddifa. From cralo, "to divide." TINE 417.'Poya2Eov, accus. sing. mase. of boyaZXor, a, av, " rent,' {t44 iHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 417-438. ~' to'n," "oroken.' -From /65, fiCoy6r, ~, "a rent," " a cleft:' akin id i7yvvul, pijr. ]Io.;eef, Epic and Ionic for 7roksoi, and so roE'cwv, WoReLEact, ro2EXa for 7ro2.A:v, 7roXA2to1,'roX2ov'C. LE Ippvfe, Epic and Ionic for rrpgverf, and this for the Doric LINE 418. and Attic 7rpaveif. Consult line 414. Kovivctv, Epic and Ionic for Koviatt, dat. plur. of Kovi[,;f7, j, Epic and Ionic for Kovia, ac, i, "dust." Consult line 150.'O06di, adverb, "with the teeth," "'by biting with the teeth."-From 6cd, "with the teeth," akin to 66dKvw. Compare the Latin mordicus. -AaSoiaro, Epic and Ionic for Aidbotvro, 3 plur. pres. opt. of RdSoy/at, a"to seize;" poetic deponent for 2LaCL6dv.- Observe that the future LidFozatc (Herod., vii., 144), " to receive," does not belong to this verb, but to XayXdvo. —From AAB-, 2ajlu6cvw. Compare vi[o viTrr7o, 6iC[~U,'E.rrecpaiaive, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 7'rtKpataivo, LINE 419. Epic lengthened form of i7rtKpaivco, "to accomplish," " t fulfill;" fut. 7rKcpatavc3, for iEtKpavcS, &c. —From irri and Kpatcap;' to accomplish," &c. A\iKTO, Epic and Ionic for etrKTO, 3 sing. syncopated 2 aor LINE 420. of dxopuat, "to receive;" fut. 66EouLat: perf. 6dSEyaunt: 2 aor, Ed1Yi1Yv, 6EEo, CeeKro, &C.'Auiyaprov, accus. sing. masc. of aijeyaprof, ov, "severe," "unr happy," "wretched." Strictly, "-unenvied," "unenviable." The meann ing " abundant," "large," &c., which some interpreters assign to this word, is refuted by Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. O0e2ARev, Epic and Ionic for h50eXt2ev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act of bpiAl2,o, "to increase;" fut. be0eAC: 1 aor. d1oELca. An old poetic word, AEyjueO0a, 1 plur. pres. subj. middle of 2iyco. (Consult LINE 435. noe note.)'Au6aX27 -.aa, Epic and Ionic for &vea6acX2L/eOa, 1 plur. LINE 436. pres. subj. mid. of cvca6caiuAo, "to put off," "to delay."From avd and dAiRAa.'EyyvaMiret, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. otf ivyyvai'co, " lto put into one'] Hands," "to bestow;" fut. iyyva~lta4. Consult book i., line 353.'A-yetp(vrov, for c'yetpr7&cav, 3 plur. pres. imper. act. of INE. 438. (yeipa, ", to gather together," " to assemble."'-This abbreviation of-irctaav into -6vrov occurs regularly in Attic, and fre quently in Epic, Ionic, and Doric. On Doric monuments we evesi find the ending ra for r0v, answering to the Latin termiiiatior ol HOMERIC OLOSSART, 645S Book 2.:Line 438-450.,he 3 pers. plural of the imperative; as, 7rotlovrl (faciuntfo)' At y6vro (legunto), &c.'AOp60o, nom. plur. mase. of 0po'o,, ov, very rarely or, LINE 439. ltN, "assembled," "gathered in crouwds, heaps, masses," "crowded together." Frequently occurring in Homer, but only in tbe plural. The singular first appears in Pindar. —From a, copulative, and 6p6oo, "a noise as of many voices." LI Io4uev, Epic and Ionic for 7wzuev, the mood-vowel beirg shortened, 1 plur. pres. subj. of el/t, ",to go."'EyeipopLeV, Epic and Ionic for iyeipwtev, 1 plur. pres. subj. act. of lyeipO,, to arouse," " to excite," the mood-vowel being shortened LINE 441.'Ari.XOaev. Consult book i., line 220. IarNE 442. AirtirKa icpVp1eaCt, a. r. A. Consult line 50, seqq [O~vov, Epic and Ionic for EOvvov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of &vwvo, " to move rapidly to and fro," "to rush fast and furious," " to dart to and fro." Alyida, accus.:sing. of Alyig, idog, iy, "the.Agis." (ConLINFE 417. suit note.)-From aid, aiy6c, 6, ai, "a goat," i. c., accord. ing to the legend, the goat Amalthea, that suckled Jupiter. (Consult note.)'EpiTrCov, accus. sing. fem. of ipirqzof, ov, "highly prized," " Pecwous."-From &pt, inseparable prefix, "very," "abundantly," and rt/ij, " value."'Ay7ipaov, accus. sing. fein. of dyipaor, ov, "uninfEuenced by age," "never growing old;" more freely, "undying," "undecaying."-From i, priv., and yflpar, " age." Ocaavot, nom. plur. of Soaavog, ov, 6, "a tassel."-From LINE 448. g>wo, from their constant motion.'Hepteovrat, 3 plur. pres. indic. (with aoristic force) of }ep0c,'Lzat,' to hang waving in air," " to wave in air." This verb is generally regarded as a passive one, but certainly, here at least, is to be regarded as middle in its force. It is only found, moreover, in the 3 pers. plur. of the pres. and imperf., and is, in fact, a lengthened Epic form of etpooaL..'Eir;EKxeer, nom. plur. masct of EirrzeiKai,.6, "well-twist. LINE~ 449. ed," and Epic and Ionic for E6rrteae~IC, from ev7r,.teK~'f, ic — From ev and srlKWco.'EKarT?6eoto~, nom. sing. masc. of EKar6u6oogr, ov, " of the value of a hundred oxen," "worth a hundred oxen."-From 1Karo6v and Nfovia. TIato6iaovaa, nom. sing. fern. pres. part. act. of rraetciotmo 450. to look fercely around," " te look wildly,"' lo slare wit.dll 646t HOMERIC GLOSSARY., Book 2. Line 450-458. about." Among later writers, in general, " to 1run mildly about,"' " rush.",-A reduplicated form from ~A-, atvc.. ASiaavro, 3 sing. syncopated 2 naor. mid. of dcaaEVouat, "to move rapidly through," "to rush through;" 2 aor. mid. deeaadlv7 8&c.-. From dS6a and aevo, " to put into quick motion," "to drive:" in the middle, " to put one's self into quick motion," 1" to rush," &c.'O7pvivovaa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of bTOD:,i, " to LINE 451. urge," y"to rouse," "to stir up," &c.; fut. orpiv6': I aor. &rpeva.-Poetical verb. Z:0Evor, accus. sing. of aOivos, eor, T-r, "strength," "might." Chiefly poetical.'1Qpepv. Consult book i., line 10.'A;2l2icrov, accus. sing. neut. of a277~ crof, oJ,, poetic for LINE 452. icXrlTo0, ov, "unceasing," "incessant." The form aita27KToV is here used adverbially, "unceasingly,"'"without ceasng." — From ai, priv., and Xoyw, "to cease." LINE 453.'Aoap. Consult book i., line 349. r2a0vpat, Epic and Ionic for yacvpa1S, Irom y2Lc6tpoc I.NE 45. aci, 6v, " hollow." Consult line 88.'Aid62Rov, nom. sing. neut of ate'7dyof, ov, "invisible," and LINE 455. then "' destructive." (Consult note.)-From ai, priv, and iel eV.'Errt4c'YEt, 3 sing. pres. indic.'act. of i.rrt0eayac, "to consume;" fut. 7rtIopi.- From erwi and X:,iyw, " to burn up." A1orerov, accus. sing. -fem. of iiCZrero, ov, o" immense." Literally " unspeakable," "unutterable;" hence, in Horner and Hesiod, mostly in the sense of "unspeakably great," "immense," "vast." —From aI, priv., and Elnrev. Obpeof, Epic and Ionic for opeog, from o'pog, Eo7, r6, for LINE 456. opoS, eof, 76, "a mountain." —Perhaps from the same root as opvvZe, and so, strictly, "any thing rising." Kopvq5, Epic and Ionic for copvqait,.dat. plur. of Kopvbj~, vs,,7 "6 a summit," -" a top." "EKaOev, adverb, "from afar."-From EacLi, "afar." A.ity7, Ui, 71, "light," "glare," &c.-Perhaps from the same root as the Latin oc-ulus, German aug-e, Sanscrit ikc, "; to see." LINE 457. Oeaneroioc. Consult book i., line 591. AZyX72, Cr, a, "a brilliance," " a glittering." —Akin to MaO, [F.IE 458.... e iy4 ao5t: y2wavaco, yXavic6g: yXlvy7:?~EoUV, Xevco'6. I.apu4av6(oaa, Epic lengthened form for wraoyavan(a, as if from ir wa.vai(, of which, however, no otlier fonlls bat nu,(j5aj:wv dia nHOMERIC GLO SSARsY 47 Book 2. Line 458-462. wapfav6oaa occur, "all-resplendent," "all-beaming."-From 7r.~. q aivw, " to shine brightly;" and observe that 7raptaivo itself is not derived from nrdv and baivto, which would be against all analogy, but is-a poetic form of Oaivo, strengthened by reduplication, like 7rama;i-;lo from cra-ssly: wra0;X6io from X26.'co: 7ratedauou from faiw, &c.'IKev. Consult book i., line 317. ZTEreqvi3v, gen. plur. of xrerevo6c, a?, ov, Epic lengthened I n.. 459. form for rerv7v6, " able to fly," hence "winged," "flying," a frequent epithet, in Homer,' of birds in general.-From 7rrropaL, " to Jly." XivYdv, gen. plur. of Xiv, X7v,,,, "a gander," "a LINE 460. goose," so named from its wide bill.-Probably from XA-, xaivo, "' to gape." With the Doric Xav compare the Sanscrit hansa, German gans, English gander, Latin anser, &c. The n is dropped in the Persian kay and Scandinavian gaas, as well as English goose. repivov, gen. plur. of ypavor, or, 7, later also o, " a crane.". KVKIWVv, gen. plur. of Ic6VKvoC, OV, 6, "a swan." Aov2tXodeipeov, gen. plur. of dovteOX668 )oF, ov, Epic and Ionic for,no2tXodetpoS, ov, "long-necked." —From 0o2otXo6, "long," and 6eltp, "the neck."'AaMi, dat. sing. of'Aatog, a, ov, "Asian." (Consult LINE 461. note.) Asqdcve, dat. sing. of;e-tS6v, 6vor, 6, " a mead," " any moist 01 grassy place." —Probably from Aeieo, " to pour forth," "to flow," as aelev6q from tIca. Kaiuarpiov, gen. sing. of Kavarpto, ov,,, Epic for KdiJcrpoS, ov, O, "the Cayster," a river of lonia, rising in Lydia, and emptying into the sea near Ephesus. Near its mouth was the'Asian meadow (Consult note.)'PWEOpa, accus. plur. of ge95pov, ov, rS6, Epic and Ionic for Pe!Opov w)v, r6, " a stream," "a river;" in the plural, "wate:s." —From tS6 "o0 flOW." l IIor42 rat, 3 plur. pres. indic. of roraopat, Epic and Atthi [,tv 462. form for rlroucat, "' tofly," "to be on the wing;" fut. ironr aopata: perf. rexr6ryltca. —In Epic we also find i or&opal. AyaX261,eva,.nom. plur. neut. pres part. mid, of ayc6h co, "to mnake ilorious," "to glorify," "to hono'-;" fiat. aya;?i: 1 aor. y7rfita. In the middle, aydaxtojaet, " to pride one's self in," " to exult," " to rejoice." The middle is not found beyond the present and impe fect; and the active is not earlier than the age of Pindar.-Colnmonly, but errone. O{-8 Ic- MERIC GLOfSSAR.'. Bock 2. Line 462-47 ously, derii ed from dyav and 60,ouao. —Akin, according to Dasde, leir,, to ye;&a. 463. Kayyrdoiv, adverb, " with a loud noise," "with a clang lo clanmor."-From cKayyi,' a clang," " a clamor," &c., and this akin to tcaEda;, fut. Kcayfo. Xuaoayei. Comoare line 210. IeSlov, accus. sing. of 7redrov, ov, ro, "a plain," "Jft, 1A r, 46165. open country," &c. Hpvoxeovro, Epic and Ionic for Irpoe:ovivro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid. of 7rpoXEo6, " to pour forth j" fut. irpoxe 5aco.-From irp6 and Xgt. Ztcauavdpt.:-: accus. sing. neut. of Ecaflav6pLto, 21, ov, " Scamandrian,'' " lying along the Scamander," "watered by the.Sca:;ander."From ZiKc2 arvdpog, "the Scamander," a river of Troas. (Consult note.) X0,v. Consult book i., line 88. Kovad&eS, Epic and Ionic fobr tieovd6tLe, 3 sing. imperf. in dic. act. of icova6go,', "to resound;" fut. Kova6laG. Poetic form for teova6io, and this from KoSva6of, "a resounding," ringing," &c. Consult line 334. LINE 467.'YErav.- Consult book i., line 535.'AVOe/6IEVTC, dat. sing. masc. of avOejeatr, 6eooaa, 6ev, "flowery," "blooming."-From avOe/zov, "a flower," and this from a0E6o. Mvldyov, Epic and Ionic for cuvtCv, gen. plur. of jvZa, ac, i, LINEr 469. "a fly."-Compare the Latin musca, Sanscrit makcika, German miucke, English midge.'Adtvau&v, Epic and Ionic for adEtvdv, gen. plur. of Jdsv6ro, ~, ov, "thickly swarming," " crowded," "thronged." Radical signification, 6 close," " thick." (Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.) —From Uolv, " to one's fill," " enough.";rTaOtov, accus. sing of arutu6f, ou, 6, " a pen," ". a fold," LINE 470." a standing place;" as shelter for men and animals, &o. — From aIr,U[L. IHolCtv'zov, Epic and Ionic for a supposed form -roetvetov, accus sing. masc. of srolpt"o-, o, ov,, of or belonging to a shepherd," &c. for rroeuveair, a, ov.-From'rot'ulv, " a herd of cattle," "a flock of sheep."'MHAaKoovCn), 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of jxaEtK, Epic form of haiouat, "to wander,". " to stray." EiapLvv, Epic for EapvO, from elaptv6f, V', 5v, Eric and LiqE ~471. I onic for EaopcvvS, j, 6v, rarely rf, 6v, "of spring," "ver.,ual "-From etap, Epic for Eap, "the spring." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 64l) Book 2. Line 471-479. rFdyof, EOf, r6, " milk." Poetic form for y/aia,' mnlk."'Ayyea, accus. plur. of kyyof, eoe, r6, "a vessel," "a pail." AeELt, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of 6ev, "t to fill" with liquid; fit. SeSame. Homer uses only the present and imperfect act. and pass. — Akin to deavro. with which compare d6tcw, and the English " dewu,' bedew." IaOravro, 3 pliur. impern. indic. mid. of Zar/Ut, " to plCe:'; middle, "to place one's self," " to stand." Ata' alcat, 1 aor. infin. act. of dtapoato, " to break through." (Con.suit note.)-From dSt and aaig, " to break," " to smash," " to shiver,' vWhich is probably akin to biyvvut. felzaS3reg, nom. plur. masc. perf. part. of,tda. Consult book i., line 590. Ai7rr62ta, accus. plur. of air62tov, ov, or, a, aflock of goats." LINE 474. _ From air6bwXor, "a goatherd," and this from ati, "a geat," and fro2ic&, " to go round about," " to tend." HIaarEa, accus. plur. neut. of w7rarvg, -ea,, " broad," "wide spread." —Compare German platt, English flat, whence plate, &c. Aiybv. Consult book i., line 41. Air62Xot, nom. plur. of at7r6.ogr, ov, o, "a goatherd." Observe that air62rog is for aiyor62og, from abl, "a goat," and 7ro;ei, " to go round about," " to tend." LINE 475.'Pela, Epic for peia, adverb assigned to,adtorf, " easily' Aeacp.vwautv, 3 plur. pres. subj. of detacpivo, " to separate." —Ob serve that the subjunctive here indicates, not an action really taking place at the time, but some thing, the actual occurrence of which ii strongly expected. Nozu3, dat. sing. of vou6c, or, 6, "a padture."-From vBuu,' to,astur'e." MtyEcatv, Epic and ionic for utyoatv, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. pass. o iday, " to mingle." Homer and Herodotus, for the present tiyvv/z, dyyvvulat, always use jicayo, jilay>ouat, which also occur in Attic: fiut uifi: foit. mid., uifo/ua: 2 aor. pass. /t~ytyv. AteK6ayeov, Epic and Ionic for dl&eKa6ovv, 3 plur. imperf L:NE 476. indic. act. of dtaKoqo, " to marshal," " to arrange it order." LINE 477.'TYcUl'iv6de, adverb, " to the fight.f." Consult line 40. LINE 478. JIKce2o, r7, ov, Epic for dIcKE2fo, y, ov, "like," "resenblein Teprtweepavv.. Consult book i., line 419. LINE 479.'Apei, dat. sing. of'Apyr, gen. eof, 6o, "Mars." Z-,vyv, accus. sing. of.;d6vnj,;, v., " belt." (Consult note.) Is (350 HOMERIC GLOSSIARY, Book 2. Line 480-490. LINE 480. Ay1i2qlt, Epic dative singular of (y4;7, qc, ij, "a herd.' TEfoXog. Consult line 188.'EiT;ero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of irC2o[alt, " to be." Consult book., lines 284, 418, and note on this last. Boieat, Epic and Ionic for riovat, dat. plur. of poic, dodr, LINE: 481.'AypoltvyLevv, Epic and Ionic for'ypoelvaLc, dat. plur. fem. oi ayp6otevor, syncopated pres. part. pass. of ayyelp, "to assemble," fox iyetp6/cevoS, &c. IEI'Nper3ea, Epic and Ionic for EKrperwV, accus. sing. masc of iEKwrperT, g, g" distinguished."-From eK and Srpewco.'Hp6caaLv, Epic and Ionic for p eaLv, dat. plur. of spwco, "a hero. Consult book i., line 4. atee7rEE, Epic imperative of ei7reiv, for EiTraTEC 2 plur. 1 aor., occurring four times in Homer, but only in the Iliad, arm in the phrase ea7recr vDY peot MoUcaa. Moivat. Consult book i., line 604.'ORVtCj'rta Jd/ara. Consult book i., line 18. HIaipEare, 2 plur. pres. indic. of irdpedty, " to be present;" LINE 485. fut. 7rapeGrO/at.'Iare, 2 plur., from oda. Consult Anthon's enlarged Greek Grammar, p. 375. KXtofg, accus. sing. of KXMoS, r6, " report," " rumor."-No LINE 486. cases except the nom. and accus. sing. and plur. sk.em to 3ccur. Oov, accus. sing. neut. of olo', e, ov, "alone."-Akin to co', la, same as rig, uia; also to the Latin unus, the old form of which was oinus.'Ishev,. Consult book i., line 124. LINE 487. Ko'pavot. Consult line 204. II3uy7.v, accus. sing of tzye0dg, vog,', Epic and Ionic fos iINE 488. I rOoE 488. Ego, e ro,, "the multitude," " the main body." MvO6ao/0at, 1 fut. indic. of the middle deponent pv8iopat, " to tell," "to declare;" fut. pvOaco/uat.-From ue0og, "any thing delivered b3 tword of mouth," &c.'Ovoepvw, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of bvo/aivlo, "to name;" fut qvoeudv$i: 1 aor. dWvuS/lva.-From ovoaa, "a name." Eiev. Consult line 372.'At6ySKror, ov, "not to be broken." —From a. priv., and 1tS LINE 4-90. vvut,' to break." XiRtKEOov, nom. sing. neut. oc X reo, a, a, o, Epic and Ionic a, tb HOMERIC'LOSSARY i5;) 1 Book 2. Lzne 490-493. Book 3. Line 1-3. razen.' -Flom xaPXco', "brass;" more lite rally, " bron'e." Con sr'it book i., line 236.'Hrop. Consult book i., line 188.'Oav/erttadeg, nom. plur. of'O0v[arre, cidoS, peculiar femi INE 491. nine of'07OXumroor, "Olympian," first occurring as an epi thet of the Muses in the present passage: afterward, in general, "a dweller on Olympus," "a goddess." Ovyareper, nom. plural of 9vy6aTrp. Consult book i., line!~NE 092. 13. M:r7aaiaro, Epic and Ionic for zvalvaro, 3 plur. 1 aor. opt. mid. of Ietvu7aKto, "to remiid:" in the middle, "to remind one's self,"' "to remember," "to remember a thing aloud," i. e., "to mention," " to make mention of."'ApXovCf, accus. plur. of ipX6r,, off, o, "a leader," "a corn LINE 493. " maINE 93 nder." Hom.er also joins tpxbf ('ivp. BOOK III. Koou7s8ev, Epic contracted form for eKocr4'Otiaav, 3 plur. a aor. Indic. pass. of toacpcro, "to arrange," "to marshal."From Kxo'tor, "order."':y'eu6veaatv, Epic and Ionic for "ye6uoetv, dat. plur. of'yqeu6v, voC, 6, " a leader."-From ijyiouat, " to lead." K;ayy., dat. sing. of 0Kayyy, Or,', "a clamor." —From LINE 2. K26a'Co, fu. ic2idywO, " to make a loud outcry," &c.'Evo0rfl, dat. sing. of Ivowri, OC, a, "a battle-cry;" in general, "a call," " a cry."-From ivEirw..'icav, Epic for,eaav (intermediate form U7iaav, Epic and Ionic), 3 plur. imperf. indic. of elut, " to go." IT;2ee, 3 sing. pres. indic. of 7rwA2o, for which the deponent LINE 3. rri2Royat is much more commonly employed. The original meaning of the verb is " to be in motion," but this seems soon to have been lost, a trace of it, however, being found in the present passage. The signification, however, is plain in the compound participles'ertr2L6,Iuevor~ and reptirXw26evor. The more usual meaning i. "to be;" but it is usually distinguished from eivat in implying a continuance, " to be wont to be," &c., and i hence often used in similcs as in the present instance. Ohvoav6t, Epic for o'oavoVy. (Corsult not.) 652 HOMIERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3 Line 4-8. Xit.uiva, accus. sing. of Xenyo,, eivo', 6,' w intry starm, LINE 4 " wintry weather."-From Xe4zax, "winter." 7yoav, Epic and Ionic for Epvyov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of qevyw, to flee;" fut. 6ei5otzat: 2 aor. eovnyov.'AdCOaarov, accus. sing. masc. of EdgabarTo, ov, "z mmense,' "'vast," "inexpressibly large;" literally, "beyond even a god's powei tu express."-From a, priv., 9e6f, and Oar6r, from fntr/t. Oe6pov, accus. sing. of vu6poc, ov, 6, "rain," " a rain-storm," esp. Cially "a storm of rain with thunder," as it is always in Homer and Hesiod, being so distinguished from ber6kf, a common rain.-Pott compares the Sans.c.rit abhra, "nubes," from ab, " aqua." (Etymol Forsch., i., 3.) IlTrovrat, 3 plur. pres. indic. of the middle deponent trlrToeat, LINE 5 " to spread the wings to fly,", to wing one's way," tofly;" fut. rer7rvaouae, in Attic prose usually shortened 77iaoioat: 2 aor. (syncopated) ETrr6[77nv, &c.-Akin to rercavvvjlt, the original signification being that of" to spread the wings tofly,"' as first given.'2eeavoio, Epic and Ionic for'2Kreavoi, from'&2ceav6, o,, 6o, ", Oceanus." (Consult note.)-Probably from Wcixv and vaio, " the rapidflowing." Perhaps, also, akin to'Qy2v,''2yev6r,'T2yviyq. Others, however, make 4yEvlo. equivalent to 7raatlo6r, and hence deduce WKEavoc. (Consult Anthon's Classical Dictionary, s. v. Oceanus, sub fin.)'Poumva, Epic for /o6v, gen. plur. of po g, ig,,, "a river.'; "(i stream," "a flood:" in the plural,')oai, "waters." —From iwo, "to flow.". Hvy/aioeaet, Epic and Ionic for Irvylaioet, dat. plur. masc. of llv uyatoo, a, ov, "Pygmean." Hence avipe'g ]Ivyvlaeot, "the Pygmy-men." (Consult note.) ob6vov cat K~pa.* Consult book ii., line 352.'Hlptat, nom. plur. fem. of. idptog, a, ov, Epic and Ionic for Lr'NIE ieplto, a,; ov, "early in the morning," as indicating the time when all things are yet wrapped in mist (4asp).-From alemp, "mist," &c., as Voss first rightly explained the term. Buttmann, however, derives it straight from pt, "' early," and connects this with 7/?tc.'Eptda, accus. sing; of!pl, tfdo, t o,, "strife." Homer has usually ta. accusative fbrm Sptda: the strict form, however, is eon. which. he also has' four times in the Odyssey. LINE 8. "Iaav. Consult line 2. Mgvea, accus. plur. of p.voc, eoC, r6. (.Consul book i., line 103.) Rarely occurring in the plural i I' T-lorer. anti tehat mostly in the HO()MERIC GLOSSARY 65:3 Book 3. Line 8-16. phrase ~Jfvea xvdEiovi el, v.ere, perhaps, the nu nber of vearn followa that of 7rveiovrCf. IHverovref, Epic and Ionic for 7rvaevreF, nom. plur. mase. pres. part. ai t. of 7TVtEo, "to breal he;" fut. rsvedat, and later srvevaouat, usually orv:avooutat: i aor. &rvevoaa: 1 aor. pass. Erve6v'a0v.-The root is 11 NE-, or IINT-, whence rvef/a, 7srv67, &c.: rvioyw is probably akin I]i NE 9. Meptal)ref. Consult book i., line 590.'ATe4wev, shortened from 62_eeS0uevat. Consult book i., line 590. Karexevev, Epic for icartxeev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of tKaraXEo, "to pour down;". fut. KcraxEvawo: 1 aor. KartXea: Epic cKaTrExva.-From Kard and XVo, " to pour." Observe that the forms Xevaa, XE~aal, of the 1st aorist, from the fut. xeato, now and then still quoted (as, for example, by Carmichael, p. 309), are probably not Greek. Hence no sulch form as caTrXevaa ought to be imagined.'OaiX;%v, accus. sing. of XO67e[y:, vr, ij, "a mist."-Derived by Pott from the Sanscrit mih, " to pour." IouF6ctv, (lat. plur. of wroquO, evo, 6, "a shepherd.": Con-,lNE 11. sult book ii., line 105. K.drrrv, dat. sing. of c{rryC, ov, 6, " a thief."-From KZErrtw,'to steal," the root of which is KAERI-, KAAII-, which appears in EgXroc', i" a theft;" 2 aor. pass. KcXar-7rvaL: Latin clep-ere: probably akin to Kp=rrrw and KarLVrTO.'ErtLedcavet, 3 sing. of ErtwE2vaecw, "to look upon or over a [INE 12. space."-From E'il and;2evaaco. Aiiav. Consult book ii., line 319. IJratv, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of i7,ut, "to send;" fut. iao: perf eIKta. Koviaooa, Oc, o6,, "dust," " a cloud of dust." —From K6.ve, [.iNE 13. "dust," with which compare the Latin cinis.'QpvUro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of opvvyt, "to rouse;" tut. 6pau: I aor. iSpaa. —In the middle, 6pvv/uat, "to rouse one's self,". to rise.'-'-From a root OP-, from which come also bpou&w, bpivo, 6p. dtor, opOpoS, the Latin orior, ortus, hortor, &c.'AOeZU7, Ef, " eddying."-From de2{5a, " an eddy." (Consult note. Actl'pnrcaov, Epic and Ionic for dGe'rpaaqov, 3 plur. imperf. lAN.r 14. indic. act. of lta-,rpioca, for dta7rpdcao,, " to accomplish," " t 9z.iornplish a route," " to traverse," in which sense KicEevOov, "a Cway,"' "a route," is supposed to be understood. Hence 6tlErp7aaov 7rre6ioto,'they traversed the plain." LINE 10. IJpoaUXtcev, Epic and Ionic for r-poreLcXt'ev, 3 sing. im t)54 HOMERIC GLOSSARY.' Book 3. Line 16-20. perf. indic. act. of zrpotaexfo, " to fight in front of," " to adlvanea ta battle in front oJ."-From irpotaxof, ov, o, " a foremost combatant." Properly, an adjective, "fighting before," " fighting infronts" and this from 7rpo and uixoptat.'A;tfavdpor, ov, 6; "Alexander," the usual name of Paris in the Iliad. According to the legend, he obtained this name, as a title ct hocor, from his fellow-shepherds on Mount Ida, in consequence of his often defending them and their flocks from robbers. Hence'A;i6avdooc means " defending men," or " man-defender," and comes vtom ad:iO, " to defend," and aivip. Oeoe 6Jf,,, "godlike:" in HIomer always said of outward form; as, " divine of form," " beauteous as the gods," and usually applied to voung heroes, such as Paris, Telemachus, &c.-From 5e6c and eidar,'form," "appearance." Ilapda71E7v, accus. sing. of rapdaL'y, ri,, "a panther's LINE 17. skin." Properly, an adjective, having dopaiv, " a skin," understood.-From 7rapdaegr,'" a panther."-The older form was 7r6pe d6aLts, which is every where found in the text of Homer, though Aristarchus preferred r'ipSaJtlf, and the moderns have also retained 7rap. daX7'. According to Apion and Hesychius (ii., p. 1006), n7rpdat~c was the male, and 7irep60aLt the female. Kaurev2.a, accus. plur. neut of lcaurv'iof, a, ov, "curved."-Frorn i(LW7rrrT, " to bend." Aorpe, Epic and Ionic for the regular form d'pare, accus dual of 66pv, " a spear." (Consult Anthon's enlarged Greek Grammaar, p. 108.) KeCopv/JEiva, Epic and Ionic for ceicopvaqtva, accus. plur. neut. perf. part. pass. of KopViaa, "to head," " to tip;" fut. KopfOW: perf. pass. aKEK6pvUTaL: part. KEmtopvqEivorf.-Observe that iopaatw strictly signifies "to helm," " to furnish with a helmet." Then, "to make crested," "to raise to a head," and hence " to head," " to tip," &c. IILX2oLv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of 7r1.?ca, "'to 19. randish," "to wield;" 1 aor. Ier2ay: Epic 2 aor. part. 7reShi6v, &c. —IIa22aL is originally only another form of /PclaRo, and hence the Latin pello, palpo, palpito, &c. TlpoKatirero, Epic and Ionic for 7rpoeKaLi5ero, 3 sing. imperf. in die. of the middle deponent nrpoKa.io oyata, " tochallenge -" more literally, " to call fortl for ane's self," i. e., to meet one's self. Probably only found in the present and imperfect.'Avri6eov, accus. sing. neut. of aivr[6tor, n, ov, " opposing;" WINE 20. taken adverbially, "face toface."-From "'rV and laui 1lOMERIC GLOSSARY. 655 Book.3. Lone 20-26. As 0, dat sing. fern of aivo6, 71, 6v,' dreaJdful,''f|eari Co I onE Ait book i., line 552. AntQor7rt, dat. sing. of 6i0o7or, lrog7,, "fight," "battle,' " nombalt." -From cUz'of, Epic and Ionic for 6diof, "hostile."'Api7tLeor, ov,, "dear to Mars," "favored of the god of war.' [-INY 21. A frequent epithet of warriors in Homer. The active sig nification, "loving Mars," is very doubtful.-From'Apjfl, "Mars," dand itor', "dear." LINE 22. HIpoirdpotOev. Consult note on book ii., line 92.'Oui~Zov, gen. sing. of i/diZor, ov, 6, "a throng," "thick array."'i'he term often refers to a band of warriors, whether drawn up in array or mingled in battle, the mrle/e. —Derived by some from p'oS, 6,yov, and 1iX, "a band or body of men." MaKpa, accus. plur. neut. of yaKp6Of,, 6v, " long," taken adverbially. Bt6dvra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of 8c6cO, poetic collateral form of faivo, " to stride."'EXcpyl, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. pass., with acve meaning, of xa ip, " to rejoice;" fut. xatpcmaw: 2 aor. pass. EXap?7v. Kzvpaag, nom. sing. masc. I aor. part. act. of icSpo, "to light upon;" fut. Kvcpao: 1 aor. tIcvpca. Radical form of icvpio, very rare in the present active, and only poetic.'EM.caov, accus. sing. of E2afoc, ov, o, a, "a stag." Consult LINE 24. book i., line 225. Kepa6v, accus. sing. masc. of.eepao', 6, 6v, and later 6r, 6v, " hor.n ed," " horn-beairing."-From acepac, "a horn."'Ayptov, accus. sing. masc. of. iiyptoc, a, ov, also of, ov, "wild,' literally, living in the fields or open air; and hence "wild," generally of animals.-From acyp6h, "a field," &c. Hecvdwv, nom. sing. pres. part, act. of iretv6o, "to be hun LINE 25. gry;" fut. irEwviac, more rarely rElvtvo'a; but, from Aris totle downward, we also find the un-Attic forms Iretv*, -I, av, &c. Kare6aiet, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of icarEaio, "to devour;" fut. 7ar'doyat. Always said of animals of prey. ZEV(.vrat, 3 plur. pres. subj. pass. of Caev, "to put in quicA LINE 26. motion," "to drive," with a doubled in the augmented tens es; 1 aor. tcraeva: perf. pass. EaaVuat. In the middle, " to stir one's self," &c., 1 aor. mid. iaaevau7v: syncopated 2 aor. mid. Ea(f5olv,M.ravao (for Eaovcv), oaaiVro (Epic Caro), &c. Taxief, Epic and Ionic for area,e, nor plur. mase. of? qX%6, Frha 6, "swift." VKzvs. Consult book i., line 4. o.Mi HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 26-32. Oaaepoi. nom. plur. masc. of Oaaep6,, av, r, "v'2gUoror' literally "blooming," and so "fresh,"'; young," "youthful," &c. Not used by Homer in its original sense of plants, but frequently of men. — From cii.w, " co bloom." Al'Voi, nom. plur. mase. of ailS6r, ov, " lively,"' actze," in Homet always said of youths, and, in the present passage, taken as a noun, " a youth."-From Am6, gea. According to Ddderlein, however, akin o a ew, i,!oeoc. ~d@ro, Epic and Ionic for E'0aro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. LINE~ 28. of bvytd, " to say." In the middle,,61zat, " to say unto one a self,".; to think;" imperf. 106,ucv. TiaeeOat, fut. infin. mid. of -rnut. Consult book ii., line 356.'A;sircyv, accus. sing. of da'Eir, o7C, ov,, "one who leads or goea astray," "a sinner," "a wicked one." —From uXir, "a wandering,' "a roaming."'Ox6eov, gen. plur. of iXof, eo', t6, " a chariot;" of frequent occurrence in Homer, especially in the Iliad, hut always in the plural, even if, as in the present instance, only one chariot is spoken of. Strictly speaking, an old neuter c{ilateral form of 6XOC, ov, 6 (" any thing which holds"), but always in tie special signifiea tion of a chariot.-From hAd, " to hold," "6 to contain." TevxeaLv, dat. plur. of re)Xoq, seo, ro; strictly (like &7rAov and bvrea), " a tool," "implement," "utensil."-In the plural, "arms," i. e., implements of war.-The German zeug is from the same root, name Iy, nredXo, rvxetv. A;vro. Consult book i., line 532. Xajtede', adverb, " to the ground."-From xaqCat, " on the ground.' Formed like fpaXe, pa(e,'AB Ova'e, but with different accent. Arcad(ius, indeed, writes it xaua('e, but Draco and others expressly quote xatuiae as an exception.'Ev6oaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of vozo, 1"to perceive,l' IX 30. ",' to be aware of one's presence," &c.; fut. voaw.-From bv et, ioof, "d the mind." IIpoqudXotbt; Epic and Ionic for "rpolqiXotr, dat. plur. of nPrpe[,~z 31.,uaxoc, ov, 6, " &aforemost combatant." Properly an adjective "fighting' before," "fighting in front." —From nrpd and daXo,uat. Kareirryy, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. pass. of carcnr2-aCoaeo, "to strikd with dismay;" fut. Karanae toa,'(Consut note.) LINE 32.'Ap. Consult book i., line 60.'Eridpov. Consult book i., lines 349 and 179.'iX6eEro, 3 sing. irnperf. indic. of the middle deponent %a'dbopalt "'e IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. bj)7 Book 3. Line 32-38. retreat;" st rictlY, "to'eave an opening," "to give way;" fut.,laouqul The present active:5 ixr is very ra"n.-LLengthened form from tlhe root XAA-, XA-, which latter appears in Xa-og, Xat-vo, Xd-a-s' Latin hi-o, hisco, and the former in Xavda'vo. Kiina. Consult book ii., line 352. ALsivuv, nom. sing. masc. of d2eecivw, "to avoid," " to sAtuMs.'"Fl am i27, I "wandering.'? ApaicDovra, accus. sing. of 6pdatOv, ovroc 6. Consult book 3,.ivg 33. ii., line 308. iHai[vopao', ov, "springing back," " rushing back."-Fromn 7ra6ra' back," and Opvvuct.'ArrearT., 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of iai-arplt, "'o remove oul of tAt tway;" fut. 5Troaa( o: 2 aor. ac7rdcT5rV, &c. Ovpeoo, Epic and Ionic for opovc, gen. sing. of ozpof, eos, r6, LiNE 34. for poSg, Cog, r6, "a mountain."-From 5px,% perhaps, and so, strictly, "anyJ thin rising." Biaayv, Epic and Ionic for Paaotac, dat. plur. of i2,,-ra, 7g, a, "a glade," "a woody glen." Tp6,og, ov, 6, " a trembling."-From rp, W, "to tremble'EXla6e, Epic and Ionic for 92,a6E, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. a-t. of Xan.s "avO, "to seize;" fut. X72lJo,uat, &c. rvia, accus. plur. of yvtov, ou, r6, "a limb." Of frequent occurrence in Homer, but always in the plural.'QtXpos, ov, o, or perhaps better, eog, r6 (Buttmatnn's 4usf. LINE 35. CGr., 119, 41, d., note), "paleness."-From 6XpOC, ei, 6v,' pale." —' Xpog (i. e., d-Xp-oC) is probably the same as the Sanserit hari, with prefixed (o. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 141.) NMev, for abr6v. Consult book i., line 29. EtLXE, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic act. of aipeo, "to seize upon;" fut. alpiaCw 2 atr. etTiop. Iapetdg, accus. plur. of irapeta,'g, t,' a cheek."-Probably from.ap6, as indicating the side of the face.'Edv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of Uw, or Jvwo, " to enter," LINE 36. " to plunge into;" fut. dvao: 2 aor. Esvv. Ayep6xov, gen. plur. of yipowXog, ov, "haughty." (Consult note.] According to the old grammarians, equivalent simFly to yepuoxoc but the etymology is very doubtfil. NeGKeacev, Epic and Ionic for EveliEaEv, 3 sir.g. 1 aor. indic act. of veulCo, " to upbraid;" fut. V'etcao: 1 aor. E~vEikeaa. AlGXpo.4-, dat. plur. neut. of aiaXpod, a, 6v, "'re.-eoachful," i, dzs g'ace-inflicting." More literally. "shame-cau ing.': — From aioaLyo.'.hame," " disrace" r5OMERIC GLOSSARY'. Book 3. Line 39-41. lX;: A n-tp, voc.. sing. of srrapt do, 6o,, "evil-bringtng Paris," equivalent somewhat to " Paris, bird of evil ornern' -From vufg and IIdpte, "Paris." l'vvaltavgf, voc. sing. of yvvatuavcg, if, "licentious." Literally, r mad after women."-From yvvo, "a woman," and ialvouat, "to use."'HI'Repo07evr, voc. sing. of'7reporevtrfH, o., 5, " a deceiver."-From BirepowreCw, "to deceive," " to cajole." Properly, "to mislead by bland words."-From 7Iror, EirreZv,'preoU, "to talk over;" not from rra'dri, "deceit." LINE 40. Ai0e. Consult book i., line 415.'O0ECEgS, Epic, Ionic, and also later, in Attic prose, for 6b0E2ec, 2 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of opeCito, " to owe."-Observe that the 2 aor. is employed particularly to express a wish in the literal sense of "1 ought to have," &c. (Consult note.) Another Epic form for this tense is tDe)2Aov, often occurring in Homer; and o6eW02ov in Od., viii., 312. Ayovor, ov, "unborn." (Consult note.)-From a, priv., and yopvor.'Ayolzqo, ov, "unmarried."-From a', priv., and yaFuyi, "to marry."'A'7roXa6at. Consult book i., line 117. Kipdtov, nom. sing. neut. of Kepduov, ov, gen. ovu,, a colt parative (with no positive in use), formed from icipdos (" gain," " advantage"), " better," " more advantageous," "more gainful." The first of these meanings is the more common one.'Hev, Epic for'Iv, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of ec/oi, "to be." A66uyv, accus. sing. of A5y,? t, y,, "a scandal." Literally 42 outrage," "maltreatment," "dishonor;" then, an outrac e to the feelings of others, by reason of dishonorable conduct; arid hience, " a scandal," " an object of foul reproach."-Akin to Xfatr).From 265667 comes the Latin labes.'Tir6iptov, accus. sing. masc. of irjPtolo, Ov,,"v;ewed with!ooks o) zngry distrust." Literally, "viewed from under.:'Consult note.)- - From dvopuio, fut. vir62bolyat. KayXa2Stoat, Epic lengthened form for raTyxa2X:. plur. pres. indic. act. of Kayxauu, I ao laugh aloud," " raise a loud laugh," the idea of scorn being frequently implied, as in the present instance.-From Kayxdc'o, " to laugh aloud," or more correctly, perhaps, KaX5,Io.' he root is probably found in Xdw, xaivo, " to gape," unless it he rather formed by onomato;ouia, like x2a6ci, kayLINE 44.,a6 rec. nom. plur. mlasc. imperf. part in an aorist HoMRIt;IU GL'),SSAR'. 559 Book 3. Line 44-49, uaeliC ol?iptp, l.o say," "to suppose;" filt. o'.: 1 air. Bolwa imperfect Ei90v is used just like an aorist; and the irL.nitive Oivai was so generally referred to Qrylv in an aorist sense,, that X},etv ol 7 rKEtv are used instead of the infinitive present. The same remark holds good of the imperfect middle with the inf. pres. Hence 0dvrTE here is to be rendered "having supposed," the active having a sort of middle force; " having said to themselves." Consult line 28.'Apterda, Epic and Ionic for cptarEa, accus. sing. of pcptcTrer, toe'EpRP and Ionic iog), o, " a warrior."-From pWarot, " very brave." FIp6/Fov, accus. sing. of 7rp6/o', ov, ".foremost," "fighting in the front rank." Equivalent to rrp/uaxog. Later, in general, "a chief," answering tc the Latin primus, princeps. "Ernt, fol Ievart, "is upon (thee)," 3 sing. pres. indic. of NE 45.re, "to be upon."'A7eKro, Srl, i, "spirit," " courage." Properly, " bodily strength," "force," especially in action, and so distinguished from b'u/7Z, mere strength. HIovroTr6potaiv, Epic and Ionic for,rovtro6opos, dat. plur. o1 LINE 46. N46TOV7Tropog, oV, "ocean traversing," "sailing over the sea" -From r6o'vro, "the deep," and n7relp, " to pass throlough."'Esrl'7r~&aa, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part -act. of E7rotrwXW, [NE 47. ", to sail upon," " to sail over;" fut. ert'-m, c. 1 aor. in —,ora.'.An Ionic verb for eirt7rE'o: fut. ioe7rt-riReao:l aor. E'rErr2nLvaa -From is-i and xXr26&, for rZe`lO.'Epilypac, accus. plur. of the metaplastic plural form Ep[llpcf, as aigned to Epir/pof, ov, "faithful,"' trusty." Literally, "filltting exact.,y."-From ipt, "very," and 5po, "to fit." (Consult note.)'AS~o6arrooca, Epic and Ionic for &1o.o6an-oir, dat. plur. ~LI 48. mast. of (2`2toda'roc, j,, v, " of a foreign:land," "foreign." &c. Hence, in the plural, dUiodaoroi, " men of a foreign land,' "strangers," " foreigners."-Probably a mere lengthening of d22Dof, like 7rodanro', 7 tiedar'6t'.' According to others,' compounded with iaoCo "foundation," "base" cn wLich any thing rests, &c. Eveirta, accus. sing. fem. of El'retd&, gO, "beauteous," "fair of mien," &c. —From eV and Eliog.'Av7yer, 2 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 6vi j7o, to lead away." LINE 49.'Anrrir7, gen. sing. fem. of irtoLo, "distant." (Consult note.1 Nv6v, accus. sing. of vv6r,: ov, j, " a daughter-in-law," here, however, taken in a wider sense, 1'a female related by mnrrriage unto.' (Consult note.)-Compare the Sansc it snuca, iLatin' nurus, Anglo. Saxon snoru, old German schnur. (6)5( HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 49 —55. AiXsttTUw'v, Epic fol aix,71rSv, gen.r plFlr. of a' c/xle,r 6, e,, a spear-man," " a warrior." — From a'ciXp, "a spear-point," - a spear." Hii!a, aroT,'-6, "a source of evil," a harm," " an injury," ['I'e 50. &c.-Akin to -7rwa6.X, 7rrdo y,'ro/ icat, z76a, &c. II6yi, Epic and Ionic for r6o2el, dat. sing. of rn62rS, " a alzy," gea. e-, and eof, 7', Epic and Ionic, gen. 7r6yXor,:dat.: r62?Li, &c. —An6.'I.cr ionic genitive is xr6XLoS, which is likewise found in Boric. Au;. Consult book ii., line 198. I Avtervctv, dat. phlu:. of'UEc7ye, C, ", "ill-affected," "hos. tile:" in the plural,; dvCreve',!' enemies." —From Uh5v and itvor, "spirit," "inclination," &c. Xdptza, arof, 76, "a source of joy," "' a delight.' — From xa&ipe, " t rejoice.": Kawrqe~i7v, accus. sing. of icarlyeiy, qS,, Epic and Ionic for Kcarvpeta, ar, A1, " a source of shame;" strictly, "a casting of the eyes downward:" hence, in'general, " dejection, sorrow, shame."-From Kara, " down," and 6bdoc, "the eye;" like KcaruOrrOc, "with downcast look," from RcaTr and 6ip. Meivetac, 2 sing.,Eolic 1 aor. opt. act. (for ueivalt) of UCev, vNE 52-. " to await;" iut. /revs: 1 aor. Eietva. btIor6c. Consult book ii., line 164. OaXeplv, accus. sing. fem. of Oacep6o, y, 6v, Epic and Tonio INE 53. for 6i, 6v, "blooming.'"-From Hir2aL,' "to bloom."-Compare book ii., line 266. HTap(iKOLrtv, accus. sing. of 7rapaotere, Wo~, i1, "a wife," "a spouse.".-From 7r-apd and WKOi71, " a couch." Xpaiauey, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of xpatez'w, "to aid." ANE~ 54. Consult book i., line 28. KiOapte, coy, Il, " a lyre;" same as icetOpa, which latter form, how ever, Homer never uses.-Compare the Latin cithara, whence our guitar.'A po6ir'7n, gen. sing. of'A0pod6ir, 7f, VI, "V enus," goddess of love, pace, and beauty. The name is commonly derived from eq40p6 f"an,," as referring to the legend of her springing from the foam of ocean. Homer, however, never alludes to her as "foam-born," exoept in Hymn V. Others, again, seek to connect the name Ah-fo-(5-r77r with that of Frid-a, the Scandinavian goddoas of love A-onsult Anthon's Class. Diet., p. 1377.) K71, IC, 3, "locks," "hair," answv:ing to the Latin comw Rarely occurring in the plura'. Klooviiz v Consult book ii... line 41l ttOMERIC GLOSSARY. b61 Book 3. Line 55-62. atler.~,'z sing. 2 aor. opt. pass ol utayo, "to mingle." Consull tooki ii., line 475. 6 etulyovec, nom. plur. rnasc. of d.u,tuwv, ovoc, " o' owlrdl,", I timid."-From B&Eco, "to fear." [~s,..' Adivov, accus. sing. masc. of' 2aiuvoS, 71, 0o, "of Ptone," L tony,' &c.-From 2daag, "a stone," like X2fitvo~ from'E'asoj 2 sing. pluperf. pass. of evvvtut, "to put on;" fut. tro: aJr.'aaa. In the middle, Evvvlat, "to put on one's self," "to clothe,one's self with;" fut. Eoo-lat: 1 aor. mid. EaadtTv': perf. pass. el/at, icuas, Eleat, &c.. pluperf. pass. &l/nv,'ago, laro, &c. Observe that the pluperf. pass. is here used in a middle sense. (Kiihner, ~ 221, 1.) Eopya~, 2 sing. of Eopya. Consult book ii., line 272. Aicav, accus. sing. of aiaa, rl, n, "one's appointed lot,"'t.ha 5"fate," "destiny;" hence "a measure and term," and so -that which befits one, is due to one;" whence, generally, what is'"right, befitting," &c., equivalent to r7 KaOiecov. IINE 60. KpaSdl. Consult book i., line 395. IIeAeKvc, ef, 6, Ionic eof, "an axe," "hatchet," double-edged.VIompare the Sanscrit paracu. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., 117, 231.)'Aretp'r, iE, "unwearied;" literally, "not to be rubbed or worn sway."' (Consult note.)-From a, priv., and reipo, " to rub." LINE 61. Elatv, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of /elet, "to go." AovpScf, Epic and Ionic for do6paro, gen. sing. of d6pv, "wood." rhus, gen. d66paro, Epic and Ionic 6doparor, contracted dovpdf (in Attic poets, also, dop6c): dat. 66part. Jdopart, 6ovpi, dopl. —Elsewhere,'a spear," i. e., the wood or shaft of a spear. NjZ'ov, accus. sing. neut. of vnior, i/, ov, later, also, oc, or, LI-NE 2. naval:" in Homer usually joined with d6pv: as, vn/fo~ r6pv,." ship timber," " naval timber." In the present passage, however, it has this meaning without the addition of 66pv, the latter be. ang easily implied from dovp6g, which precedes.'EiKTcrduntv, Epic and Ionic for ~lrIuL/v, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. o.J ardam U, Epic and Ionic for TrletoV, " to hew out," " to shape," "t, fashion;" fut. KrcEte — From &i and rTlzvo.'OEL;Et, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. cf bQ0g2a; " to increase." Consult bork ii., line 420.'Epwiov, accus. sing. of ipu, w, f, "the J-vrce;" properly sad of alny quick, violent motion. Thus, dotFog iEpyui, "the rush of a spear" (II., xi., 357): nl/luqrOpog bpwO, " the force or swing of the winnow er's shovel" (II., xiii,.q901 So in the Ipesejit'passage. "thle,IK K [IOMERIC GLOSSARX Book 3. Line 62-77. or imFetius A;he a an." —From bpcoio, "to flow, slream, burat out," &c.:INE 63. Zri9EaoLv. Consult book i., line 83. Ardp6Ta;, ov,, "intrepid," "undaunted."-From t', priv.; and Trap:Wc,' t be terrified."'Epara, accus. plur. neut. of ipar6S, 7, 6v, poetic for ipacr6,, 4, 5v, "beloved,'" "much desired," "yearned after," or, more Seely, " lovely," "charming."-From ipdto, " to love."'Awr66Xara, nom. plur. neut. of f662rroyTo, oV, " to be rejected," " to be cast away as worthless."-From a7r6 and ia;wPo.'EptKcvda, nom. plur. neut. of ptKcv63c, 9t, " very glorious," an epithet in Homer of the gods and their descendants, and, in the present instance, of the gifts which they bestow. —From Ept, "very" and iKVeor, "glory," "renown."'Eicv, &ecooaa, EKc6v, "of one's own free-will," "' willingly." LINE 66. Opposed to eKW.v, and akin to eqret. Kde0taov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of icaeOit, "to cause to sit down;" fut; caOiaco: 1 aor. ictzOtca. L ZNv,Ui6iere, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. act. of UavJt6X;%L,, " t match," " to bring together." Kpeicgov, ov, "superior."-Kpeiaaov is usually called an ~INE 71. N 71irregular comparative of a&ya06f, but consult book i., line 80 LINE 73.'OpLta. Consult book ii., line 124.'Ept63Xaca, accus. sing. of ipple6?a., aKog, 6, 4}, "very ferLIN 74. tl4e." Consult book i., line 155. NEefcOov, Epic, Ionic, and Doric for vEicowaav, 3 plur. pres. imra per. of vooypat, " to return."'I17r7r'6orov, accus. sing. neut. of rwr66or.or, ov. Consult LINE 75 book ii., line 287. Ka.rltyvatnla, accus. sing. of Kartyvvatf, atKog, o, 4, "abounding in beauteous women." More literally, "of beauteous women." Homer uses only the accusative. Sappho (135) has the genitive, and Pinlar (Pyth., ix., 131) the dative. The nominative seems never to aave been used.-From icd2.oc, " beauty," and yvvi, " a woman."'Aviepye, Epic and Ionic for aveipye, 3 sing. imperf ind LFNE 77. act. of &vetoye, " to keep back." —From avd and elpyo, "' o keep off." 4,?dayyaS, accus. plur. of idLayS, ayyoc, o, L ",t lin 9 " a ra ik," "an order of 6lattle." Always used by Homer in the plural ("'the tines," or " ranks," of an army in battle array) except in II., vi., 6 The ternml ji2,,. waas also al)Died in a later (lay t, a special modl, IIOMEl.tC GLUSSAmR'. {t6i Book 3. Line 77-82. o an'anging the Greek infantry, namely, in a close, compact mase drawn up in files usually of 8 deep. The deptli, however, was often much increased, especially by the Thebans, who formed 25-deep at Delium, a-d brought the phalanx to great excellence under Epaminondas; though Philip of Macedon brought it to perfection.-The word 0ciaay~ has also the meaning of " a roller," for moving heavy loads, in Latin palangae; and it has been suggested that this sense of " rollers" was the first, and that hence arose the Homeric usage.of 06,layyer, namely, " ranks of men rolling one behind another." But the sense of rollers occurs too late to allow us tc adopt this conjec ture.'I6pvvOyaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. pass. of i6pvwo (a supposed present), " to make to sit down." Hence i6pvvO1v is assigned commonly, along with i6pveOv, to tlpdVo. Dindorf thinks that IdpivOhiv, in Homer, is so written, for i6pfOfiv, through ignorance of the fact that the v is long by nature. But consult Lobeck, ad Phr:yn., 37.'EreTros;ovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. perf. indi. of the middle deponent ELIE LTvroNioflat, 1" to direct or bend the bow at one." —From eim and'roS6ioyaz.'Ioiatv, Epic and Ionic for ioZf, dat. plur. of 6rt, oJ', "an arLINE 80. row," with the heterogeneous plural T-t li (11., xx., 68).Probably from 1-rvat, i-re, "to go;" like the Sanscrit ishu, from ish, (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 269.) Tvrvaicceuevot, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. of the middle deponent rtTrviKottat, "lto take aim," " to aim at." This verb is only used by the Epic writers in the present and imperfect, and combines the significations of the kindred verbs rvyXcriv and re',xo: hence, like rvyXUdvw, "to aim at," which is its more frequent meaning; and, also, like ral')X, "to make," "make ready," " prepare."-In the Alexandrian poets, such as Aratus and Lycophron, we find an active form tTvraKow, as also in Antim., Fr., 26. AdeaCt, Epic for Aeeat, dat. plur. of 2ural, O, "a stone;" gen. Ytaos: dat. M(Ui: accus. uiav: gen. plur. iwvm: dat. Xudee: Epic sieca, al' which forms occur in Homer, except?.deat. In Attic, also, cot tract. ed 6 AcL(f, accus. TO-v Suv: but accus. ZMa, Call., Fr., 104. MaKpoSv, accus. sing. neut. of yacf,op6, e, 6v, taken adveith LANE 81. ially, "from afar," i. e., so as to be heard afar.'Ai)aev, Epic and Ionic for Wi/ev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic act. of ago,' to shout.' Consult book ii., line 334. L'IaxeaOe, 2 plur. pres. impel middle of Pioeo, " to hold," " it t.^ 82. r estrrin." CDon;,lt book i., line 214 t164 Oi.MIER IC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Lzne 83-99. EreCrat, 3 sing. pres. indic. of the Epic deponent UTaUitUL (Consult note.)-From icr7!1U. —It is u.sed by Homer only in the 3 sing. pres. and imperf. oreraz, acrerT, and by XEschyhis (Pers, 49) in the 3 plur. arevvrat.'Epelvs, Epic and Ionic for kpeiv, fut. infin. Consult book i., line'6, remnarks on.pdo. KopvOat5aoo, ov, "' moving the helmet quickly," i. e., " of the glancing Welm." A frequent epithet of Hector, as an active, restless warrior. — From eK6pvg, "a helmet," and ai62oo, "quickly moving," "easilyturning." E 84. ovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. middle of ioXyw. Consult line 82.'Avuo. Consult book ii., line 323.:'Eavvuepdvw,:adverb, " quickly," " hastily," &c.-From oaabLiNE 85. /ievoc, part. of aeod (according to signification and accent, a present, but reduplicated as if a perf. part.), " driven," " urged on," "hurried,"' &c. LINE 86. K vr, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. of Kcv'o, "to hear," with poetic reduplication for;U7re: so, K1E8dvltO for IC0et. LINE 87.'Opupev._ Consult book ii., line 146. K2etrate, 3 sing. pres. indic. of tKeoyuat, " to bid." Consuit iNJr, 88. book i., line 74. LINE 89. TedXea. Consult line 29.'AzroBOoOat, 2 aor. infin. middle of ai7roiiTA, " to lay aside (for another):" in the middle, " to lay aside for one's self or what belongs to one's self." H-ovXlv6oreip,, Epic and Ionic for Trov60oreipa, dat. sing. of -rouXv1,." retpa, 4?, "nourisher of many," an epithet of the earth.-From 7rov;Vwi, for -ro2,l, and P6retpa, femn. from por7ip, " she that feeds or nourishes."'Aiciv, originally an accusative from ah'c, but only found as an adverb, "still," " quite still," "stilly," &c. Used by Homer only in the phrase ac/cvv'yErovro Otewrr,. Pindar has a Deric (lative CiKl, or, as an adverb, dietc, in the signification of "' quietly,"'gently." (Pind., Pyth., iv., 277.) For Buttmann's etymology, con tuit note. LiNE 97'Euelo, EIpic and Ionic for ipob, gen. sing. of iy'A2yoc. Consult book i., line 2.'I:!cYe,. Consult book i., line 254. AtaKcptv6zieeva e, Epic, Doric, and _lEolic for. dtGaKptOvat, I aor. inf. pass. of dlaKpCie,:' to separate." (Consult note.) LiNE 99 Hi[ro'Te, 2 rlur. 2 perf. of ruiyo. "t tr s,iff'r," svnenpated fO)MER II GLOSq AA ~Y. ( f5' Book 3. Lzne 99-106. tbr reirovfears, like Iyptyop6e for iyp7Oy6pare. This is donle by a.i imitation of the passive termination: that is to say, as soon as in n-En 6va'7E the 0 preceded the r, it was changed to a, and the v was drc.pped, making, with a syncope of the a, v'riroare: a transition wae then made to a passive form rfC'rooae. - TervTralt, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. of 7reVXO, "to prepare;' L[INs 10. fut. revio: perf. TErevXa: perf. pass. rTrvy/ac. ~ TOvaiV, 3 sing. perf. opt. (syncopated form) of 9veae,, Lto die;" fut. 9aovoviuat: perf. r:Ovyica: whence the common syncopated fborms -revidYev, rTOvdre, rOvdaL': perf. infin. reOvvat: perf. opt. reOvaiperf. ir: perf. iper. n-rPOe: pcrf. part. reOveWg, )ro0f: fem. reOveaoa, &c. AtaKPtIvOe7re, Epic for lacptOleiCre, 2 plur. 1 aor. opt. pass. of dcaKptv&), " to separate." Consult line 98. Oiaere, 2 plur. Epic and Attic aoristic imperative; neither from the future o'oaw, as some maintain, nor from a new theme oeao, as appears to others, but coming from the stem at once, and, as regards the ordinary aorist form, of an anomalous character something like such second aorists as EdvEro, E'jGaero. (Buttmann, Ausf. Gr., p. 419.-Id., Irreg. Verbs, ed. Fishlake, p. 251. —Kiihner. h 176, 2.)'Apve, accus. dual of acpv6g, ToV,.r, a genitive without any nominative (dpc) in'use; the nominative assigned to it being alv6o', for which later authors, such as _Esop, have cpv6r. Early writers give gen. apv6c, dat. cpvti, accus. dpva: dual acpve: plur. iipveC, gen. hpvov, dat. 6pvciar (Epic 6pveaac), accus. ipva: "a lamb," answering to the Latin agnus, agna.-Akin to aries, and probably to the English ram. The Sanscrit ilrneiju means " woolly." (Port, Etymoi. Forsch. i., 223, and ii., 407.) Olao/uev, 1 plur. fut. indic. act. of l'pco, " o bring;" fuit TLNE 104. V oicc, &C.'A ere, 2 plur. Epic aoristic imperative, formed anomalousLINE 105. ly from the stem of aiyo,. (Consult remarks on olacre, line 103.) The poet by this means avoids the obstruction to the metre which ydyCyre, the regular form, would have occasioned. (Buttmann, Ausf. Gr., p. 418.) [,I~- 106.''T YepoiaAot, nom. plur. masc. of vrcepoiatog, ov, "overbear. 1 ng," " overweerL.ng," "'haughty," " arogant." It is probable, however, that the word originally meant only " exceeding ih power," " most puissant," without any bad signification, as would ap, pear from Od., xxi., 289, where Antinoiis usee it of hiniself and thea KiE 2 566 B. jMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 106-112. rest of tke s sitars and so; in Pindar (Fr., 93), it is silny " mosr hkuge," " mt ghty." This original notion appears most clearly in the adverb Vireple&6?A)f, "exceedingly," " excessively," whence the advert also passes into the signification of "haughtily," " arrogantlly." It is plain, therefore, that the bad signification is only so far, in the word itself, as it denotes excess. (Consult Buttmann, Lexil., s. v.) -The derivation is very doubtful. Two have been suggested: first, by poetic dialectic change from iv7rEp6eog (quasi v'rrep6tiaop ); second, by AEolic change of v for brrepovrj, which is maintained by Buttmann (Lexil., s. v.). Others, again, deduce it from Otdal, "a cup," i. e., running over the cup's brim; but this is very far-fetched. That of the old grammarians, perjured, breakers of truces made by libations, from /niaat, is worst ot all.'T7repeaaul, dat. sing. of v7repe6ab7i, nf, A, Epic and Ionic LINE 107. for itrhep6aaia, ac, aC,,an act of transgression," " any wanton violence."-From virEpgaaet, " an overstepping,' and this from irep6aivo,. A7?;Jc6atC, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. of the middle deponent &q2Xioyat, " to break," " to destroy;" more literally, " to injure;" flit. dr6yaoozat.'OLrr'iorfpv, gen. plur. of 6rr7~6repoc, a, ov, superlative o6n-5o. LINE 108. raroc, y, ov, without any positive in use; poetic for veTrepot, ve6Traror, "'younger,"" "youngest." The superlative is not found in the Iliad, whereas Hesiod uses the superlative -merely, though only in the Theogony. The original signification, as is evident from the root'07rov, was "more, most fit for bearing arms;" and so we find 6rwX6repot, simply " the youth," "' young men," i. e., those capable of bearing arms, the serviceable men, just like ujiXtzuot, and opposed to the old men and children. But as the youngest are the last born, &vdpef 6rrX6repot also means " the latter generations," "men of later days." (lTheocr., xvi., 46.)'HepOovrat, 3 plur. pres. indic. mid. of i'epiOopat. Consult book la., line 448. LINE 109. Merdeav, Epic for tzern,, 3 sing. pres. subj. of Lureszez. I1pera, Kai 07rfiaawa. Consult book i., line 343. AeSaae, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of lev'aao, " to see," &.c LIINE1 0- Consult book i., line 120. Oxa, adverb, " by far." Consult book i, line 69.'Exdpyaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. pass. of' Xalpo, "to re, joice," &c.'EtnSyevot, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. mid. of t!iro, "igt cause to hope." In ti e middle, E6Trogat, " to hope." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 66. Book 3. Line 112-121.'Oig'tr,1O, gen. sitJg. of obi'vpof, a, o2v, "mournful,'" "unfortunate." IConsult book i., line 417.'Epvfav, Epic and Ionic for 9pvfav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indie. act. of Epi'Kro, "to rein back;" fut. spySoa: 1 aor. iPpvSa more literally, " to keep in," " to hold in," and then "to curb," "ta rein in." grlyaC, accus. plur. of aTf, artX,6r, 77, " a rank,". " line,"'fl e.'"Observe that the nominative ari5 does not actually occur, the word being only used in the genitive singular, and in the nominative' and accusative plural, arixerg, orixac, the other cases being taken from ortXOf, ov, 6, which is, in general, most used in prose.-From a root YTIX-, which appears in a lengthened form in aredxo.'E6av. Consult book i., line 391.'Eerdhovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. middle of EK6tu, d " to tare off, "to strip off;?' fut. CE6'awo: 2 aor.'E~dvv (with intransitive meaning), -" to go out," "to come out" of a thing. In the middle, i'cdvOcat, " to take off from one's self." KarlOevro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. mid. of KcarariO,ut, " to put down."'Apovpa, ac, ij, "a space of ground." The proper meaning iINE 115. of the word is, "tilled or arable ground," "seed-land," "corn-land;" then, generally, like yi7, "ground," 6" land," "soil."From (tpiu, fut Sp6uoo, " to plough," " to till."!IpoTi, an old, and, especially, Epic and Doric form for LINE 116- rp6f, of frequent occurrence in Homer. In the Cretan dialect, rropri.-Compare the Sanscrit prati. LINE 117.'Apvac. Consult line 103. KaXEoaat, Epic for KaTXLaat, 1 aor. infin. act. of cKaLEC, " to sum Mon;" fut. Icfa? ou. LINE 118. Ilpoetc. Consult book i., line 326. TaO6i6vov. Consult book i., line 320. LINE 119. r;acvpcrg. Consult book ii., line 88.'Apva, accus. sing. Consult line 103. OiaCzevat, Epic, Doric, and AEolic for oacetv, which last s L:NE 120. itself an Epic infinitive, with the force of an aorist, and falling under the same class of words with oiaere (line 103) and hi:ere (line, 1'51. (Consult Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, ed. Fishloke, p. Mb1, note.)'ArriOtae. C:nsult book i., line 220. TIpte, 5doc, At, accus.'Iptv, voc.'Ipt, " Iris," the messenger Liru, 121. of the gods among themselves, or, more frequently, from gods to men. But. coiverselv. in I/. xxiii. 198, she is the carrier !~] {~8 ~HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 121 —12G. af Achilles's wishes. Her epithets all point to swiftness; as, ratei Q.X'6roTo, ro0veyor, i-r6dag fKea, XpvadIrrepo', &c. In the Odysse3 she is never named, Mercury being there the sole messenger of the gods. Hesiod calls her the daughter of Thaumas (WTondeir).-Usual!y dierived from IEp, eipo, the speaker, announcer. Hermann deduces it from eZpc, sero, as if Serlia. AevKoLevN,, dat. sing. fem. of 2.evK c2,evos, ov, "fair-armed." —From AtFevK.o, " while," "fair," and (;.v?7, 1" an arm." LINE 122. Eido/Evrl. Consult book ii., line 280. rFaXo, dat. sing. of ydXLowg, gen. yaieoo, 4, "a sister-in-law." Compare the Latin g'los. The corresponding masculine form is d&rp. (Consult Potll, Etynzol. Forsch, i., p. 131.)'Avirvopidao, Epic for'f.vryvopicdov, gen. sing. of AvrTvopidnC, ot'., "son of Antenor." Patronymic noun. -From'AvT7rv&P. Con sult line 148. A(leUapTr, dat. sing. of 85ucap, apTro, 4, "a wife," " a spouse."-From i,}a/eo0, " to tame," " to subdue;" strictly, therefore, " one that is tamed or yoked;" like the Latin conjux, whereas an unwedded maiden was d(aGoro0f, 6afaeg.'Eatucxuv, ovo, 6, "Helicaon," son of Antenor, and husxINE 123. band of Laodice, daughter of Priam. Meydp9, dat. sing. of yeyapov, ov, Tr, "an apartment," "4a LINE 125. woman's apartment," &c. Consult book ii., line 137.'ITorv, accur. sing. of laro6, oV, o, " a web;" properly, "the bar or beam of the loom;" then, generally, " the loom;" hence " the warp that was fixed to the beam;" and so, " the web." Consult book i., line 31.'Tatvcev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of iratveo, "to weave;" fut. Vc0vd: I aor. vfrlva.-Lengthened from the root'TY-, which ap~ pears in Vi0,'tdui, Sanscrit vi, vap, and our weave, web. (Pott, Etymoi. Forsch., i., p. 230, 259.) AiL'TaKa, accus. sing. of di~r2aS, acot, 71, "a double cloak," DA-F. 126. ~ el. -From dtr. 2, ia 2. e., of double fold. (Consult note.)-From zr,;o, "iJ double." IIopbvpnlv, Epic and Ionic for 7roppvpeav, accus. sing. fem. of 7rops 9Opgog, a, ov, Epic and Ionic y, ov, "purple;" strictly, "dark-red " but varying in color. Consu t book i., line 482. HnroTar, Epic and Ionic for -roXAo6c. Consult book i., line 569.'Evrmaaaev, 3 sing. imperf indic. act. of E7ricaao, " to sprinkle in a' on-" fiit.?7rrdaw: 1 aor. &v&,ara.-Metaphorically employed to 11 )MEItC GLOSSAIY 66} Book 2. Line 126-137. denote the working or weaving Ai of rich patterns. (Consult note.) -From tiv and *triao, " to sprinkle."'A6O0aovf, Epic and Ionic for 062lovf, accus. plur. of &ieOoC, ov,, it: 1i2gow, ov, 6, " a contest," " toil," " trouble."'EOev. Consult book i., line 114, and the note on that LINE 128. passage. lIaawua/Wv, Epic and Ionic for *ra2aciv, gen. plur. of vra2U,7, Wr, /1, the palm of the hand:" in general, however, " the hand" merely, as in the present passage.-Compare the Latin palma. 129 a, Epic and Ionic for hKM-a, nom. sing. fem. of aus6, AINE 129. eda, v. LINE 130. Aevpo. Consult book i., line 153. lIle, 2 sing. pres. imper. of e'ut, " to come." Nipoa, voc. sing. of vd 0Ly, with short final vowel. (Consult note.) OgacKe;a, accus. plur. neut. of 0EGKe2Lor, ov. Originally, "godlike,"' divine;" but as early as the time of Homer, this sense was confined to the full form &oedetaeEor, so that &EKe;2or was only used, in general, for " strange," "supernatural," "marvelous," " iondrous," and always of things, as &eoevtKeAog always was of persons.-From e6OSg and EtaoKW, "to liken," " to make like."'Id&at, Epic and Ionic for mdn,p 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of the radi. Hal ed6o, "to see." -I ipov, Epic and Ionic for efepov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. LINE 132. of epto lob6LdaKepvv, accus. sing. of rroi5daipvw, voc6, ij,, "tearful," "pro luctive of many tears." —From 7ro1vS and dciKpv.'Oaooio, Epic and Ionic for boXoov, gen. sing. of baoO, A, TlAE 133. ovINE 33, "destructive."-From OdAo, o62lve. Atat6,uevol, nom. plur. mase. pres. part. of the deponent verb lS Aaonzsat, "to long for," "to desire." Earat, Epic and Ionic for:vrat, 3 plur. of catl, "I sit,'" Lxtu 134. KeIctuivot, nom. plur. masc. perf. part. pass. of Iivw,be " t SHINS 135. recline;" frit. IcXtv: perf. &eKvcLKa: perf. pass. rKXtp#at.'Eyxea. Consult book ii., line 389. fl*rryev, 3 sing. 2 perf. of 7r7?yvvt,', "to fix,"" to make fast;" fut amp:o: 1 aor. 97rn7la: 2 perf. rE'7ii7ya, "I am fixed," "stand fixed," "o atickfa~st."-L-engthened from a root sray-, which appears in 2 aor. pass. t-*acy-yv. a17Kpfi, Epic and Ionic for lsaKpagp, dat. pla femrn. of us ~ n6c, a,,n,, Epic add Tonic for ci, v, " long." 670 HOMERIC GLOSSARX. Book 3. Line 137-143.'EyrXepat, Epic and Ionic for EyXsiatc, dat. pilur. of iy,~ei), ar, ), -f spear." Keea2/7, 2 sing. 3 fut. pass. of ia2e, " to call;" fut. KaLINE 138. easo: 3 fut. pass. KeKg2acopa. —(Consult note.)'AteOaiC, tOg, O, " a wife," "a spouse."-From a, copulative, artl:otir7, "a couch."'IeEpov, accus. sing. of'ltjepo9, o, o,, "desire,"'longing LINE 139. for."-From ijEtipO, " 10 desire," "to long for," and this. perhaps, trom ZEual, middle of Li/ud. "E/6a2e, Epic and Ionic for Eve6a2e, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of Ele6(;x;Ao, " to infuse into;" more literally, " tofling into." ToiKgCov, Epic and Ionic for roE9i0v, gen. plur. of rcaKEc, LINE 140. ^og (Epic and Ionic riog), O, " one who begets," " a father.' In Homer always, and in Hesiod usually, in the plural Troer/E, rTO e[c, "parents." Homer and Hesiod usually have the Ionic forms TOKijeg, roKrrj&V, &c., yet in the Iliad we have also the gen. agOKeiV The dative rogieio occurs in an epigram in Bockh's Inseript., i., p. 535.'ApyEvvnat, Epic and Ionic for tpycvvarc, dat. plur. of acp FINE 141. yevv67, i, 6v, Eolic and Doric for apyo6, "white." Ka2tlpauvq, nom. sing. fem. I aor. part. mid. of caUl7rr7r, "to en. oelop," "to hide from view;" fut. tcaa;t: 1 aor. AdZXvaba. In the middle, tcaXv'7rrojate, "to envelop one's self."'00o6vatv, Epic and Ionic for 60'6vatf, dat. plur. of b66vsl, Ar, 4, "a linen robe." (Consult note.) —Always used in the plural by IHomet'Qptpijro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of 6pua'o, "to set in LINE 142. motion," "to urge on;" fut. odptjao(.-In the middle, d6plci opUa, " to put one's self in motion," " to advance," " to move with rapid steps." —From 6p?'O, " any violent or rapid pressure onward." Oaatcpoto, Epic and Ionic forOaacZdov, gen. of OcZayuoo, ov, o,'an apartment," " the women's apartments," in the interior of the house. T'pev, accus. sing. neut. of rtp7lv, erva, ev, &c., "tender;" strictly, "rubbed down" (from reipO, "to rub"), and so, "'smooth," "soft," "delicate," "tender," &c-.-Akin to ripvc, repdpov, as also to the Latin teres, tener, fronl tero.'A/pirro32ot, nom. plur. of cJqtriroaor, ov, strictly, "being about," " busied about;" but in Homer and Herodotus used only as a feminine substantive, 4 ea4bitro;~or, gen. aiuotlrO6tov, "a andmaid." — From Bauqi and rro2do, " to be busied about."'E7rovro, Epic and Ionic for eZ7rovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of the mniddle deponent &roi(at, "to follow;" fut. topCat: 2 aor. (with aspi -ate) EaCrOLUa, &e. HOMERIC GLOSSAs Y. (C Book 3. Line 144-150. AtLOp, ig5, 4, Epic and Ionic for AOfa, a-, 4, X&'thra' UtNE 144. (Cot.sult note.) K;~v.edvy, 71c,, "Clymene." (Consult note.) DBockr-t. Consult book i., line 551. LINE 145. AIa. Consult book i., line 303.'Iavov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of liKadvw,' to cunme." Epie?engthened form for ZKO. "O'0, adverb, poetic for od, " where.' XKcatai, nom. plur. fem. of catSco', a, 6v, " left," " on the left hana or side." Then, " western," " westward," as explained in the note Hence the name lEcatai rvjatc, " the Scaan gates," given to the western gate of Troy. (Consult note.) fIcivOoov, accus. sing. of IIavOooc, or, o, " Palthfius." (Con. LINE 146. sult note.) OvutoirTnv, accus. sing. of Ov/.eoir7f, on, 6, "Thyrma;tes." (Consult note.)'IcKETrova, accus. sing. of'IceTacov, ovor, O, "Hicetaon." LuqE 147. (Consult note.) "O'ov, accus. sing. of 0d5or, ov, o, " a branch," "a scion or shoot." C(onsult book i., line 234. LINE 148. OcKaiEy:O, ovror, o 6, ", Ucalegon."'Avr7vopo,, "Antenor." (Consult note.) HIlevvEivo, nom. dual Epic perf. part. pass. of nvie, with present signification, "to have breath or soul;" usually, however, employed metaphorically, "to be wise," " discreet," "prudent." Hence rrerrvvuiVOf, "discreet," "prudent."' —From an old root IINT-, some remains of which are to be found in the compounds ca'ervCo, aj6Urvv/2, e., ava7rvdo, ava-rvvul. LIN E Earo, Epic and Ionic for l4ro, 3 plu.t. of O/tnv, assigned as an imperfect to iyat, but in reality a pluperfect. Consuit book i., line 512. -Ary7oyipovrec, nom. plur. of 6doypn, Spov o, o, O, "an elder of the people."-From 6ditor and yepov. ZK. atet w7rXctv, Epic and Ionic, for. Kata!f rtv),a:f. r'pai, dat. sing. of yijpaf, T6, "old age;" Homeric gen LINE 150. yiplaor, Attic contracted ylppof, and very late'tiparr d:t. )' pai, Attic contracted y'pa.-The Sanscrit ioot is.i i, "senem cere," " conteri." e7reavye'vot, "'having ceased," nom. plur. riase. pe;f. part. of mnii onuaL,' tn cease';" middle voice of rraew. 0372 HIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 150-158. Ayoptrafi nom, plur. of acyopri, ol, 6o,, "a speaker."-From 4y0 pdouat, " to speak in public," "to larangue." Terri7 eaacv, Epic and Ionic for rirrt e, dat. plur. of T7ttrt' yog, 6, "a cicada." Consult note.)'EolKO6rec, nom. plur. masc. of t'oKScr. Consult book i., line 47. Aev5pp, dat. sing. of 6&vapeov, OV, 76, Epic and Ionic for LsE 152. idEvdpov, ov, r6, " a tree."'Eoe(6ulevoc, nom. plur. pres. part. of the middle deponent 1.0E ouwa,'to.Sit upon;" fut. 0E6oiluaa. —An active is only used in the aorist'Ona, accus. sing. of 5p, bn-6r, 17, "a voice," "a note;" dat. Ori[. accus. n-ra.-From Eiro, 67ro~, eire[v. Aletpt6eaaav, accus. sing. fem. of etptp6etoe, 6eaaa, 6ev, "delicate." Strictly, " of or belonging to a lily," " of the nature or color of a lily;" but as early as Homer used in a metaphorical sense, Xp&o 2uetpt6Etf,'lily skin;" and in the present case, speaking of the note of the cicada, " delicate." —From eipzcov, " a lily."'1.r1av, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of Zitpt, " to sendforth," " to emit."'Hvro, 3 plur. imperf. (strictly pluperfect) of /uat, for which the Epic and. Ionic form c'aro occurred in line 149. fIpyo, dat. sing. of 7rdpyoc, ov, 6, "a tower," especially such as were attached lo the walls of a city. (Consult note.)-Akin to rripy-cyog, als~ to the German burg, old German purg, English burg&. wvhich words are probably akin to berg, "a hill." (Pott, Etlymo Iorsch., ii. n. 11i8.) Eid'ovro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. middle of Edso, "to see," " to. [INE 154. behold." Homer more frequently employs the Epic form nf the same tense, namely, i66/yv.'tHKa, adverb, " in a low tone." (Consult note.)-The radiINE'155. cal signification is " not much," "slightly," and the word must be akin not only to'tctarof, with initial lenis, "gentlest," but also to oauv, VKlcrog, being, in truth, their positive; also to idiwjv,,MKyrv, hacaX2o. (Bulttmann., Lexil., s. v.)'Ay6pevov, Epic and Ionic for Iy6pevoov, 3 plur. imperf. of ayoag4 to utter."' NieaStS, lto, i. (Consult note, and also remarks oan arc 1eai56. aeat, book ii., line 296.) AlvC(r, adverb, "wondeifully," "greatly." Consul broo i., line 555.'Ailavidry.ot Iec, Epic and lonih for v&avaTats oatag.',~n-, acc ts. sing. of ijp, udro;r,', look " HIOMEItIC GLOSSARY. 673 Book 3. Line 160-173. TEKieeat.a Epic and Ionic for Trieat, dat plur. of T icoc, ef, 160, poetic term for TrKvov, ov, r6, and ofiten employed thus in both Homer and Hesiod.'Eoav, Epic and.Eolic for Nacuat., 3 plur. imperf. indic LItNE 161.. act. of tv1Uc.'I5ev, Epic and Ionic for Ziov, 2 sing. pres. imper. middle of i'O, "to cause to sit;" in the midd-e Zhotuat,' to sit." LINE 163.'Idn, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. middle of Etdh, " to see," &I HIrlo6, accus. plur. of rrq66g, ov, o (Doric raf6r, which became the connmon form), "a kinsman," especially by marriage; "a marriage relation or connection." Never used by the ancients expressly of blood-relations.-From 7rrrr/ucat, the 7raoi being e7rbcTrrot avyyeVe.C, Airt7, Epic and Ionic for atria, nom. sing. fem. of atTtof, LINE 164.., ov, Epic and Ionic for a, ov, "in fault,". bearing the blame," &c.'Eq0p1Flaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of E'Oopudt, "to stzr *INE 165. up against one;" fiut. 1iopjliao. —From Eril and 6py&co, "to.-ge on.":;iov'Xdaicpvv, accus. sing. of 7ro{6daKpvC. Consult line 132. HIe2A'ptov, accus. sing. masc. of 7re;(Jptof, a, ov, " extrao.. iNE 166. dinary," " remarkable." —From xriA2op, ro, "a prodigy."'FEvoo/o;vr, 2 sing. 1 aor. subj. of Eiovolaivo, "1to mention by name;" fut. iEovouv6: 1 aor. iuwv6outva.-From Ef and bvolfai~o. LINE 167.'HVS, neut. i6v, "gallant," Epic and Ioic for MEr, neut. Id.'Eaatv, Epic and Ionic for Elsiv, 3 plur. pres. indic. ol,lI.E 168,, lrepap6v, accus. sing. masc. of yepapo6, ai, 6v, Epic and Ioni: 170, o,'" of stately bearing."-From yepaip, " to honor," " to reward." Baat7iZ', Epic and Ionic for pfaaeul, dat. sing. of faac2evt' iw), O, Epic and Ionic 7oof, &c. Taken here as a kind of adjective. Ahog, a, ov, "divine," "noble." Contracted for the less Llsl 171. common 6itor.-From Zevr, gen. Ateof. Ailoiof, ola, otov, "an object of veneration," "regarded with Lim, 172. reverence."'Eaae, Epic and Doric for elc or ei, 2 sing. pres. indic. of e/ui.'Ecvpi, voc. sing. of ievpeo, ov, o, " afather-in-law," and equivalent here to revOep6f. Strictly, however, " a step-father."-.Compare the Sanscrit cvacru, and the Latin socer. C)3e'Oev, Eoic and Ionic for c -e2e-, 3 sing. 2 naor. indier act. of t6A- w to )we." Consu2t line 40. 61'4 R.OM1EEB/C GLOSSAR1V Book 3. L, ne 173-177. AdeAv, 2 aor. infin. act. of civ'dvo, "to please," fut. ddlmis: X aw 14uov, besides which Homer has erv'dov and iidov: pelf. Mdaa. TiZ', dat. sing., as if from.a nominative vie~~w, gen. vlsof LINE 174. dual vue', viotv: plur. vie v, vlw, ev, VtE,, "a son.''EirS/aVv, Epic and Ionic for Eiz-6iy/v, 1 sing. imperf. indic. of tfz middle deponent E7ropat, " to follow." Oei0atzov, accus. sing. of OaSlpotg, ov, o, " a nuptial chamber," i. e.. the marriage bed. Consult line 142. rvuro/S, accus. plur. of yvWrdc, 77, v,, generally, " known," "well known;" but in Homer, especially, often used as a substantive, "a relation," " a kinsman, " "a brother;" and so in the present instance. Ts2XLvy/rflv accus. sing. fern. of ryVX7yerof, i, ov, o" in thr bloom of early life." (Cons.lt note.)-The etymology oi the word is.very doubtful. The ancients mostly held it to be a corn pound of rTXe or r6Xv, " afar off," and viyvotzar, hence " born afar off,' i. e., when the father was away, like TrvXPyovo': or " born at a distant'me," " late-born," like bC[iyovor. But the former interpretation wil at suit the passages in Homer where the term occurs; and, for the.ther, the sense of time given to rI4ae is unexampled, except in the late word rl77edav6c, which itself is not without suspicion. Other ways, therefore, have been tried. That of Doderlein has been re..'erred to in the notes, and has been adopted: by us as the best. Butt mann's is as follows: he assumes that Tr.e, riX1v, is of the~ same root with TiAOf, 7EUEVTr7, rTEEVTCOaof, so that we may interpret- ryV Ierno (with Orion, ap. Etym. Gud., p. 616, 37) as 6 rre2evraCog T'arrpi ysev6,Evoq, "one born at the end," "the last-born."'Oan1laKutev, accus. sing. of 6tKdnaei, 7,/, C, Epic and Ionic for bq-l AIKla, ao, 4/, "sameness of age," but taken here as a collective, or the abstract for the concrete, "those of the same age," "companions in years."-From o'LLtfe, "of the same age," and this from 6p65o and IXC, " of age," " of the same age." ~Ey fut zy7/aat:u' 1 aor. 7yaod/ajv: but usual aorist yhyaiOrlv. LINE 227.'EoXogc, ov. Consult note, and also book ii., line 188. TavLNrer2.ofo, ov, "long-robed," "of flowing robc."-Fromr ravvw, "to stretch," "to extend," and rrhr2Log, "a female obe." The peplus was made of fine stuff, usually with rich patterns HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 681 Book 3. Line 228-238. and being worn over the common dress, fell in rich folds about the rea'son; answering, therefore, to the male ipaTrOV or x,2al'a. That he peplus might cover the face and arms is plain from Xenophon (Cyr., v., 1, 6), but it must not be hence inferred that it was merely a veil or a shawl. LINE 229. lIHe2ptoCo. Consult note, and also line 166.'E;Ko, EogK, eo, o, ne rampart," i. e., the great defender.-From E )Yo, edpyco, "to shut out," " to keep or drive off." Kp7rezat, Epic and Ionic for Kpoat, dat. plur. of Kpie, _l11E 230. Kprq6S, " a Cretan."'A)vi, norn. plur. of ay6', oD, O, "a leader," "a chieftain." AINE 231. From ova.'Hyepidovrat, 3 plur. pres. indic. of'ye piOoaet, Epic form of iyevipo -aL. Consult book ii., line 304. KpT-rlOev, adverb, "from Crete."-From Kprirn, I,' Crete,' now Candia. 2 Ovvoja, aroc, Tr, Epic and Ionic for bvotia, aroc, Tr. In Homer, the form 6volsa is more frequent than o-Svo&za.'erodotus, on the other hand, employs the Ionic oivoula alone. I AoL:', accus. dual, " two;" strictly, the dual of doto[. It is NE 236. indeclinable in Homer, who usually has it masculi%. z. Ko/ri70ope, accus. dual of eoafijrwp,opop, 6, "a leader," ",, corn. mander;" literally, " one who marshals or arranges." —From &aaouiw,'to orde," " to arrange." Kdaar'opa, accus. sing. of Kdoarwp, opor, 6, " Castor,;' son ANE 237. of Leda, brother of Pollux, and uterine brother of Helen, and famed for his skill in the management of chariots. H61l, adverb, I' at the fist," " with clinched fist," i. e., in boxing or pugilistic encounters.-Hence rriterCr, "a boxer;" 7rvytqi, " a boxing match," &c. Ho.wvde6cea, accus. sing..of RAHovecr o 6, so,, "Pollux," son of Leda, brother of Castor, and uterine brother of Helen, and fa-ed foi his skill as a 7rdcryrg, or boxer.-Consult Metrical Index. AXTrcractyvmr7eo, accus. dual of avro0aoatyvjlro0, ov;, "at L'E 238. own brother." She calls Castor and Pollux her " en two br6oters,"~ because born of the same mother with her, namel Leda. — Fi om avr6c and Kcaatyv7roC, "a brother." T(,; Epic ar.d Ionic for 6, accus. dual of oc, ki,;. reikaro, Epic and Ionic for iEyevaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic aijd. of yeivottae, from an obsolete active yeivo, for which yevvea( i;n in use. In the passive, to be engendered," " to be born;" in the m':Ale. " I .. c-1 HOMEAI tC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Lzne 238-247. besr,' "1 b1,zng forth."-Observe'that yfvt is the comnnon root o, yei to, yeIvoyat, and yiyvoyual. Compare the Latin gigno, genui.'EaT7rEaO7v, 3 dual 2 aor. indic. of the middle deponent LiNE 239. e7ro/atL, "to follow;" fut. 4Eoz/at: 2 aor. iao7rt6zv, &e. AaKedailuovoC, gen. sing. of Aaxedaitov, ovoy, 4, "Lacedcemon," the -apital of Laconia, also Laconia itself.'lparetv4y. Consult line 175. 10 Er'ovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of 7aro/lat, and Epic and Ionic for EZ7rovTO. Ilovroir6potat. Consult line 46. Kara8d/evat, Epic, Doric, and.Aolic for caradOvat, 2 aor. LINE 241. infin. act. of Kacradvo or icradvvvo, " to engage in." Properly, " to get deep into," to get into the throng or thick of a thing." The literal meaning is, "to go under," "' to sink;" fut. Kara6dao: 1:or. caredvca: 2 aor. Ka7rdv. —From KaTr and d6w, or dGvo. LINE 242. AiaXea, accus. plur. of aiaxo~, eog, r6, " a diograce." Ae6dtreg, Epic and Ionic for dedtoiec, nom. plur. masc. perf. part. of dedow, " to fear;" fut. detaoyat: 1 aor. Mdetaa: perf. 6ddoutca, and also dedta (which last is rare in Attic prose), with syncopated forms IEd6tUEv, 6d&rtE, imperative E6ldeLt, part. dEldtf.'Oveidea. Consult book i., line 291. LANE. 243. 4Ero, Epic and Ionic for INaro. Consult book i., line 33 KarEXEv, Epic and Ionic for iKare7.Xev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. cf bvaciooC, ov, "life-bestowing," "producing or sustaining life."From v&w, " to sustain," and Cw', " life."'EWopova, Epic and Ionic for Ev6epova, accus. sing. masc.!:Ns 246. of e6opwv, ovog, " gladdening," " cheering."-From Ei and'Apobpics, gen. sing. of apovp?7, 7S, 4, Epic and Ionic for hcpovpa, ac, C. Consult line 115.'AcKte, dat. sing. of oaK6or, ov, 6, "a bottle of skin," "a wine-bag," "a lealhern bag," mostly of goat-skin. —According to Pott, akin to ateKroS, with a( prefixed. Aiyeio, dat. sing. mase. of ayetog, a, ov Epic and Ionic r7, ov,. lengthened form for alyeoS, "of goat-skin;" literally, "o' f a goat." — From aif, aiyo6, "a goat." Kprp-:'oa, accus. sing. of KP7lr'p, 4pot, 6, " E mixer." Consult note, and also book i., line 470. taetv6o, accus. sing. mase. of pactve~ i4,'6v, "bright " shining' From. 6opg, "light,"' ~ii-F., cnees." Ht)MERIC GLOSSARY 6;' Book 3. Line 248-2b1. Xpvaeta, accus. plur. neut. of xp acetoc, %, or, Epic and Iob. ic for Xpiaceog, c7, ov, Attic contr. Xpvao6c, 7, oiv, "gold-,n." —From Xpva6s, "gold." Kitre2'cea. Consult book i., line 596. &2TNpt2eV, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of brpv'vw, " to urge s' I,,rE 249. fut hrov~i5: 1 aor. 7rpvva.'Opaeo, Epic for opao, 2 aor. imper. middle of q5pvvlu, "t. raise," " to arouse;" fut. o5pawu: 1 aor. cpaa. In the mid die, op7,vu/at, "to arise," "to arouse one's self," 2 aor. 6ip6nr/v: or, iaore frequently, by syncope, 6ippjlv, 6cpao, 6pro, &c., 2 aor. imper. 5pao, Epic opaeo (like ihaeeo, igSeeo), contracted ppaev. (Buttmann, Erreg. Verbs, p. 193, ed. Fishlake.-Consult, also, note.) Aao/edovrtlid, voc. sing. of Aao/zeovrtd627, ov, 6, " son oJ Laomedon." Patronymic, from Aao1teMwv, ovrog, 6, " Laomedon," father of Priam. LI:NE 252.. "OpKLa. Consult book ii., line 124. Td/rUre, 2 plur. 2 aor. subj. act. of Tiuvzo. Nfovrat, with shortened mood-vowel, for vwv-rae, 3 plur. [INE 257. pres. subj. middle of voyaat, ".to return."'Piyclaev, Epic and Ionic for i SPiyr7aev, 3 sing. 1 aor. inLINE 259. die. act. of 1yic7, "to shudder;" fut. jly'acw: 2 perf. tb~a (with present signification). In Homer, only metaphorically, to shudder with fear or horror; among the post-Homeric writers, to shiver or shudder with cold. —From ~ZyoC, "frost," " cold." Zevyvl,uevat, Epic, Doric, and XEqolic for vedyvuvat, pres. tINE 260. infin. act. of Sev'yvv/y, " to yoke," "to harness;" fut. ve6' I aor. tievSa. —The root is ZT'-, which appears in the 2 aor. (vyr fivat, and the substantive'6y-ov, and recurs in the cognate languages; as, Sanscrit yuj, Latin jung-ere, German joch, our yoke, &c. (Polt, Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 237.)'Orpa;Licw, adverb, " quickly," "zealously." —From 7rpabi:gr, "quick," "zealous," and this akin to i-pdvvo, "to urge."'Av, shortened Epic and Do- ic form of hvd~, " up.' Butt. LINE.261. mann prefers civ (Ausf. Gr., { 117, An. 4); but consul' note.'Hvia, ov, -6, "the reins," often occurring in Homer, who uses.his neu er form only, and always in the plural: the singular 7'jvio, is late. Strictly, " the bit." Another form, Ijvia, ag, 7, occurs in the post-Homeric and tragic writers, and is usually, like the former, employed inr the plural. TrZEYvv Epic and Ionic for -reevev, 1 aor. indic. act. of reitov, "t, 684 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 3. Line 261-271. draw,' "to stretch, fut. resvd: 1 aor. Eretva. —The root is TAN.. or TEN-, as in Sanscrit tan, " extendere," rrivvtzua, ravv: hence rfvor, rivOv, Latin tendo, teneo, tenus, tenor, tennis, German diinm, English thin, &c. I I2ip, shortened form for rTapi. Consult previous line. re marks on ('v. IIfptecaXa ia, accus. sing. masc. of zreptxlca2i, ef, "very beautiful." Consult book i., line 603. Berzro, Epic and Ionic for i6jaero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. middle of ~afvwe, with the characteristic'a) of the first aorist. Consult book i., line 428. Ai.pov, accus. sing. of difpor, ov, 6, and later a, with metaplastic plural 7a 6dippa: properly, " the chariot-board," on which two could stand, the driver (WvioXoC) and the combatant (7rapat6dr7f). But in the Iliad, the word often occurs, as in the present- instance, in the sense of " a chariot," " a war-chariot."-Fronm diC and 0fpo, from its carrying two. LINE 263. T6, nominative dual of o, a, r6. IKatDv. Supply rrv2uv, and consult line 145. HedriovE, adverb, " to the plain," i. ce., from the high ground on which the city stood.'EXov, Epic and Ionic for eiXov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of?w,. LINE 266.'EartX6ovro. Consult book ii., line 92.'Qpvvro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of opvVzt, "to raise," LINE 267., ou NE 267 "to arouse." In the middle, hpvvjuai, "to arise." Con suit line 250.'Ayavoi, nom. plur. masc. of ayavo6, iJ, 6v, "illustrious;" LINE268. strictly, "admirable." In Homer almost always said of kings, heroes, &c., "illustrious," " noble," "high-born." — From ayaCalt. 269. vayov, Epic and Ionic for aVv/)'ov, 3 plur. imperf. indie. act. of avvciyo. Miayov, Epic and Ionic for,iulayov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. LrE 270. act. of uiayo, "to mix," which present Homer always uses for tiyvvuL.-Consult line 209.'Exevav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of XEo, "to pour;" fut. xea6wa 1 aor. Epic ~xeva: 1 aor. Attic ~XEa. The form lXevaa of the gtO aorist, from the usual future Xeao, is probably not Greek. LINE 271.'Epvaud/zevor. Consult book i., line 190. Xeipeaat, Epic and Ionic for xepai, dat. plur af leip, XELp6~,. *l land" HOMERIC GLO3SARY. 6~1 Book 3. Line 21'1-279. Maxacttav, accus. sing. of tadxatpa, af 4, "a large knife, wo:n by the helnes of the Iliad next the sword-sheath, and used by them on all occasions instead of an ordinary knife, (Consult note.) In a later age, the udxatpa was a sabre or bent sword, opposed to Fios, t.e straight sword. —Derivation uncertain.,o 272 s, gen. sing. of loogf, eof, ro, "a sword." Consult -.[ NE 272.. book i., line 194. Kove6dv, o~, r6, same as icove6g, o, o, "a sheath." These are the Ionic forms. The Attic writers, on the other hand, have scoaeor. Consult book i., line 194.'Aopro, 3 sing. pluperf. pass. (in the sense of an imperfect) ol delpo, "to hang." The regular form would be'pro or ijepro, but this is one of the verbs which change their vowel to o in both perfects; as, pwyy, from jryvvji: srruaa, from riryrwv: a, from Oa fo seOa, from Ol'a: EKwa, diu09oca (whence, in the New Testament, 0E9twvraL), for eica, i04Eca, U0erPTZLt, &c. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, ed. Fishlake, p. 6, nole.) LINE 273.'ApvCjv, gen. plur., from gen. sing. aipv6. Consult line 103 Tdayve, Epic and Ionic for rajuve, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. o1 rupOvw, "to cut," Epic and Ionic for raUved. Tp[xaf, accus. plur. of Opif, rptX6f, 4, the hair," both of man anti beas:, " the hair of the head." Neizav, Epic and Ionic for Evetqav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. LINE 274. act. of vi,u, "to distribute;" fut. vrGeu: 1 aor. tvetua. LINE 275.'Avaaxcjv. Consult book i., line 450. LINE 276.'IdyOev, adverb, "from Ida." —From VIrlt /, 4sf, Ida." MEd6OWv, OV7og, a participial form, though no present jze6ei is found "ruling."-Then, taken with a kind of substantive force, " a gaurdian," " a ruler," over special places. LINE 278. rata, as, 4, poetic form for y,, "earth." Ka6Ovragr, accus. plur. masc. 2 aor. part. act. of xKa6L, "to labo"r fat. cKa/zu: 2 aor. EDKaiov.'rlvva0ov, 2 dual pres. indic. of the middle deponent irL 2 at, poetic for'rivozuai, "to punish."'Orte, Epic and Ionic for oartg.'ETriopiov, accus. sing. neut. of rriopiKog, ov, "swearing falsely," cerjured." In the present instance, however, it is taken as a sub. stant ve, and iiriopeov 0iuvvat is " to swear falsely,"' "to take a fitse oath "-From En7ri, denoting opposition, and bpKrco, "an oath."')ucaa,, Epic and Ionic for opUav, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act o' A "VUt, "to swear;" fut.'ou/nat: perf. cu6poa.a 1 aor. (6,oxa. 51g A, 5 t~d HOMERJ: j.iUn.rba -I. Book 3. Line 280-294. LiNE 230 Mdorvpot. Consult book i., line 338. 4kid>aae7r, 2 plur., fres. imper. act. of lvdcrawo,' to keep," b'I guard," " to watch over;" ftlt. Ov2dMo:: ~perf. nreLqaax.-In the mid. dile..bvuaouatne, "to be on one's guard against," "to beware of," answering to the Latin caveo. KaraLriE4vp, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act., as if from a present LINE 281earar,v "to slay," which, however, is not in use. The aorist participle Kiraaranv&ov is accented like a present.-From iKard and reorevov (7rfgvov being shortened from the reduplicated form 7reoevov, like Le?6aaCcOat, 2e:aOedv, reT7rtOeiv), assigned to obsolete root e0vo, " to slay."'A7rortv/ev, Epic, Doric, and 3Eolic for erorivetv, pres. LINE 286infin. act. of'7orivco, " to pay," " to render back."-From airo and rveo, "to pay a price" by way of return or recompense; whereas rti is confined to the signification of paying honor.''Eco/ivotat, Epic and Ionic for EaoutevWL9, fut. part. of INEE 287.,, ell-it. [IJ?7rac, 3 sing. pres. subj. of wT7opae. Consult Look i., line 284 LINE 291. EZWC, Epic for e&Od, "until." KXe[iu. Consult book i., line 26. LINE 292.'H, for 07q. Consult book i., line 219. _-Zoytijxovf, accus. plur.. of TarojaXog, ov, o, strictly, "a mouth," " an opening:" hence, 1. In the oldest Greek, "the throat," "the gullet:" 2. Later, usually, " the orifice of the stomach," and so, " the stomach" itself, fi-equently in Galen. In Hippocrates, also, "'the neck of the bladder or uterus."'Apvd(v. Consult line 103. Tdie, Epic and Ionic for erace, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of r7pvw, "' to cut;" fut. roepd: 2 aor. eTraov. N72ib', Epic and Ionic for v7yedi, dat. sing. of voXrf, es, and this Epic and Lyric for vjI2e/j, ir, "c ruel;" literally, "without pity," "Pitiless," "ruthless."-From v?, "not," and EeoC, "pity," " cont. KariOqKiev, 3 sing. I aor. indic. act. of carariOrlu, " to pa. LNE 293. down," "to deposit;" fut. KaraOijaw: I aor. icar~Oqe:a.'Aaraaipovraf, accus. plur. masc. pres. part. act. of (ia7ratl, " gasp," "to struggle convulsively."-From a, euphonic, and 5araipi, 6" to gasp &c. - AevoutlYovg, accus. plur. masc. pres. part. of 6evoflat,'r want," Epic form for 6iol/at, fut. de;7aoyeat, &c. E0Lero,'3 sing. 2 aor indic mid. of clpio, "to take," fut. alppoa 2 aor. mid elci6unv. 1oI05.R1., GLOSSARY. [abBook 3. Line 295-306. q L vo 75/zevot, Epic for abpvacdjevot, nom. piLr. I aor. part Iniddlb of i0cawo, "to draw" (consult book i., line 598) fut. JdOsi: 1 aor. foVca:. aor. mid.'Ovau/liv. Aendecaetv. Consult book:., line 471.'EicXeov, Epic and Ionic for Ei'Xeov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. LINE 296. act. of ECXgo, " to pour out;" fut. Ek'Ve1vCo. AietyeveratLP, Epic and Tonic for aielyevtrat f, dat. plur. masc. ol etyevZr, OV, O6, Epic for deUyevUrTl, ov, 6, " everlasting," "ever,.x&sting."-From ale~, for aEL, and the radical yE'vo. E1er-eocev, 3 sing. Epic and Ionic iterative form of the 2d LINE 297. aor. indic. act. for Eelrev. [I29 q7vetav, 3 plur..Eolic 1 aor. opt. act. of r?7nuaivo, " to IAINE 299. commit wrong,' "to harm," "' to injure;" fut. irny.av: fut..nid. (in an active sense by Aristophanes, Ach., 842: in a passive one by Sophocles, Aj., 1155) 7rv1avoyae: 1 aor. pass.'n'rquavO7v.P'rom 7rivFa, "harm," " injury," &c.'EyicKpaor, ov, 6, "the brain." Properly, an adjective, LINE 300. yKEfbaXtof, ov, "within the head," where Jvue256 is usually supplied, " head-marrow," for which Galen has /ve2fyg.8y'KebaRdrnlf. Xa/ydl&f, adverb, Epic for Xap/aE, " on the ground," "to the ground." Compare oiKadtf, for oLKae. - -From xayai, "on the -round."'Po;t, 3 sing. pres. opt. act. of /E', "to flow;" fut. /evaco. AayelEv, for 6a/eeiyaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. opt. pass. of 6dayio, LINE 301. L 301 "to subjugate," "to enslave," &c. The shortened formr of the optative in -ev, as here employed, carme into regular use at a later day. (Kiihner, $ 115, 7.) LINE 302.'EreKpaiatve. Consult book ii., line 419. Aapdavi6nf, ov, o, "descendant of Dardanus." Patronymic INE 303. from Adpdavor, ov, 6, 1" Dardanus," son of Jove, foundet of Dardania, or Troy. LINE 305. Elur. Consult note on book i., line 169. Ilpo0r. Consult line 116.'Hviu6eacrav, Epic and Ionic for ave,/6eaaav, accus. sing. fem. ol vejUoL6tf, 6eaca, 6ev, Epic and Ionic for dveou6etf, 6emaa, 6ev, "lofty," "high;" literally, "windy," "airy," and so " high," " lofty," "sitsate on high." —From Gv'vetogf, "wind." TXraqo/at, 1 sing. fut. indic. middle of the radical form LINE 306 raeo, which is never found in the present, this being re, placed by the perfect rETi-rKa, or the verbs -ro2.uco, X aveXojia, Virop. va, &c., " to end tri," " to bear." 388 IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 306-316.'OpdaOat, pres. infn. middle of o6pco, in an active sense,'ta be hold," "to see." Consult book i., line 198. L Mapva0evov, accus. sing. pres. part. of?up,'alsao, "t co~ LINE 307. tend." IIe7rpeoluvov, nom. sing. neut. perf. part. pass., for which 1.IE 309. there is assumed as a present the form rropw, strictly, " toa Jring to pass," "to contrive;" hence " to give," "to offer," "to impart;" perf. pass. 7rdnrpoualt, "to be one's portion or lot," hence 3 sing. perf. pass. -rrrrpcarat, "it has been fated, foredoomed," &c., and the perf. part. pass. 7rewrpwEuivov, "fated," "decreed," "foredoomed."Assigned by some to a root HOP-, by others regarded as a syncopated perfect from 7rpar6o': thus, rriErpeaola, for 7rewreparToyac: but this is too far-fetched. The true root appears to be the preposition Frp6, " before," " beforehand." LINE 310.'H, for Eqly. Consult book i., line 219. OEro, Epic and Ionic for e70ro, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. middle of Wrowftt.'Ia6eor, ov, "g'odlikc;" literally, "equal to the gods.". Of frequent occurrence in Homer, as an epithet of distinguished heroes.-From?aoc and &e6g.'6iCT. Consult book ii., line 164 -ApYAopPot, nom. plur. of &co'P05or, ov, strictly, a shortened LINE 313. form for c'p6topooC, ov, " back-flowing;" but in Homer usual ly in the general signification, "going back," "moving backward." -- From ip and j510.'Avroviovro, Epic and Ionic for Jareviovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. o0 2rovioLaCt. ALS/ETpEov, Epic and Ionic for dttEqerpoVV, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of dtrzerpiE, " to measure of." Literally, " to measure through or' throughout;" fut. dtcLiErp'aa. —From daT and Kvlupovr, accus. plur. of,2Kapoc, or,, a lot."-Perhaps from LJNE 316. KX(L6, " to break," because twigs, potsherds, or other4 c'dapara were used for the purpose.-At a later day dice were called KrApoi, because used to decide any thing doubtful. KuvEn, dat. sing. of KvvbT, 71, #', " a helt iet," contracted by the At. ties into KUcN,'. i Originally a feminine adjective from V'dvEOc,,, Or, having dopd, "a skin," understood, and signifying, therefore, " a dog"' skint." But as this material was used for making soldier's caps, tcvvs is, in Homer and Hesiod, "a cap or helmet," not necessarily of tg's skin, for we find KVvrlE rTavpE7ri, KTtder, &c., nay, even Kvviy Irriy..aia o:oc (Od. xvi'i., 378. Convl*lo notc on line 336, p. 212.) IGMERIC GLOSSARf. 0S Book 3. Li es 316-326. ZXa;Kipei, Epic and Ionic for Xa:tc7pet, dat. sr:l.g. fen.. of 2AhKnW7pr, e, " brass-adorned;" more literally, "furnished or fitted with brass."' — Probably from xa?2K6S and- pwo, " to fit." Consult remarks on ivvt, preceding. Bd;RXov, Epic and Ionic for i6aA.2ov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. o 3dX;t;o, " to cast." (Consult note.)-The imperfect here denotes that -he two lots were thrown into the helmet one after the other, not l-oth together.'Apelr7, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. act. of ha' uet, "to hurl," "to "T.: 317. sendforth;" fut aOlago, &c.'Hp'uavaro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. of the middle deponent [LIN. 318.,. I apiojea, " to pray;" fut. hpdaotaet, Epic and Ionic acpiao. eat: i aor. mid. kpaactuVv, Epic and Ionic ijpjaCi7v, &c.-From a(pci, Epic and Ionic dapO, " a prayer."'AvieXov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of evXow, "to hold up." LINE 320. MedEiv. Consult line 276.'A7roOOi/ervov, " having perished,1" accus. sing. mase. syn LNE 322. copated 2 aor. part. middle of ldroo0bivw or deroqoi, " to perish," " to die away;" fut. daroofao: 1 aor. airixOiaa, always transitive, "to destroy:" 2 aor. mid. syncopated irre,00i7nv (same in form with the pluperfect passive): part. aroplOimevor. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 256, ed. Fishlake.) Avvat. Consult book ii., line 413, and compare book iii., line 241'AidoS, gen. sing. of the obsolete nominative'Aif, "Hades." Consult book i., line 3. LINE 324.'Edav. Consult line 161. KopvOaio;oSg. Consult line 83. HIlx2.eV, Epic and Ionic for b6raRaev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. o, 7r6Xo, "' to shake;" 1 aor. 7rrV.a: Epic 2 aor. part., in reduplicated, form, 7re-rdiX;v, used by Homer only, in composition, with aiva, as in 1/Yrr7rOatv.'Op6ov, Epic lengthened form for O6pv, pres. part. of odpci LINE 325. Consult book i., line 56. OoSf, adverb, " quickly."-From -o6o, A,'v, "quick."'Opovaev, Epic and Ionic for WSpovwev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. o7 JpoiVo, " to rise and rush violently on or forward," " to leap," " to dart forward;" fut. 6povo'r: 1 aor. Spovaa.-From 5po, wpvt,.'ITovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid. of lo>, "to cause to sit:' LINE 326. in the middle Z'oiiae, " to seat one's self,"." to sit." —The root is EA-, which occu s in M6-oC, " a seat," and in the Latin sed.ea THt, Epic for I,, "where." M M HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 327-334'Apad tIrodec, nom. plur. of depai[rov, 6, i, gell icodaf, "hg t I footed;" more literally, " lifting up the foot," i. e., fleet. briskly-trotting. —From aeipw, "to lift up," and -irod', "the foot."'Ed&aero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. middle (with the characterLINE 328. istic ca of the first aorist) of Gdiu or Sovw, " to get into," &c. Hence, " to put on," said of clothes, armor, &c.-Consult, as regards the peculiar form of the second aorist here, book i., line 428. LINE 329. Hot, o,, " a husband," "a spouse."-Probably its original sense was that of lord, maste-. Compare Sanscrit pati, "lord," "husband," and consult the remarks on ir6ova, uook i., line 357. KvyuiagS, accus. plur. of KVnjUlc, ihof, i, a greave." (Con 330 sult note.)-From KV/I77, " the bone of the leg from the knee io the ankle," the part protected by the greave. Kvvuyatv, Epic and Ionic for Kvhtuatf, dat. plur. of Ecv1/tn, nf, r, "A leg;" strictly, " the bone of the leg." Consult previous word. LINE 331.'Apynvpioaov, Epic and Ionic for &pyvpo~S, dat. plur. of apyvpeor, a, ov, contracted apyvpovSi, a, eoiv, "of silver." — From apyvpo~, "silver."'E'rt6a0vptiot, dat. plur. of imcrqdvptov, ov, r6', "an ankle-ring," which secured the greave on the leg. (Consult note.) The term properly'lenotes' something laid or placed upon the ankle."-From lEi', "upon.' qnd qvp6v, "" the ankle."'Apapviag, "iltted," " secured," accus. plur. fem. of perf. part. act. of the obsolete present iepo, " to fit," &c. The active present in use is apapticlc, formed from the 2 aor.; fut. adpi, Ionic cipac: 1 aor.?pca, Ionic paa': 2 aor.'ipdpov, Ionic 6pdpov: perfect active, witlh intransitive and present signification, cipapa, Epic and Ionic lpppa, part. pdpcap~, Epic and Ionic cdpypg5, fem. acpapvia, but Epic (metr: gratia) cipdpva: pluperf. nipapetv, Epic and Ionic apipev. pN 332. a, accus. sing. of &Sdpif, ycoS, Epic and Ionic for 332 paf eKoS, do, "a corselet."'E.vvev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of div'c, "to put on," &c. Oio, Epic and Ionic for ov, " his," gen. sing. of the pos. W.TE 333. sessive pronoun 0g, V, ov, "his, her, its." Kaa,:;.iro0o, Epic and Ionic for Kcartyvrov, gen. of isacayvrog, oti, P, "a brother."-From iatcl, " a brother," and yevvuco.'HpzocrE, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of 6ip6'o,, "to fit;" fut. puao6ar I aor. ip/uoaa. —From cdp/6, oD, o5, o"a fitting," and thn' from uia Y to fit." LINE 334. Apyvp6oi;ov. Consult book ii, line 45. nOMdE.:IC GLOSSARY. 691 Bo k 3. Line 335-339. - dAor, co;, 76, "a shield." The earliest shields w'ere o wicker. work or wood, covered with one'or more ox-hides: if more than one, they were parted by metal plates (that of Ajax had seven hides,: and an eighth layer of metal (II., vii., 222): hence the epithets X(Ztaeov, xaPic-per, rerpaoiavjlvov, ierra66etov. It was concave, an I hence sometimes used as a vessel to hold liquid. Esch-., Thea., 54.0.) YTrtap6V, accus. sing. neut. of artbap6r, e, 6v, " strong," "stout;Y' strictly, "close-pressed," and hence "thick," "stout," &c.-Fromr arei6o, "' to tread with the feet," " to pack close by treading."-Akin to stipo, stipen, stUppa, our step, stop, stamp, stump, &c. LINE 336. Kpari. Consult book i., line 530, remarks on Kcpar7o'hIp0i1,. Consult book i., line 3, remarks on 4IOiyovV. KvvryVv. Consult line 316. Evirvrrov, accus. sing. fem. of eirTVCroS, ov, "well-made."-From Et and TreXo. "I7r7rovptv, accus. sing. fem. of hrZrovptS, tdor, ~, "horse LINE 337. tailed,"." decked with a horse-tail." —From Zir7ro' and obp&, 4" a tail." Ao6og, ov, o, "the crest" of a helmet, usually of horse-hair. The term properly denotes "the back of the neck,"." the neck," especially of draught cattle, because the yoke rests upon and rubs it (?rwer): then, metaphorically, "a ridge of ground," "a rising hill," like the Latin jugum and dorsum; and hence of any high and crowning object, as the crest of a helmet, &c.-From 2iEnrw, " to'rub," " to chafe," as above.'Evevev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of vedve, " to nod;" fut. veran: perf. viuevica, &c.-Compare Latin nuo. HIaria/u,0tv, Epic dative, with et suffixed, for the common,INK 338. ira32duq, from,ra /rl,:, ~, "the hand;" strictly, "the palm of-the hand." Consult, as regards the Homeric suffix te or o;v, page 283, seqq.'Apipet, Epic and Ionic for jpalpet, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. act. of Wpo, " to.fit," and having here the force of an imperfect. Consult line 331.'TEvrea, accus. plur. neut. Evrea, Wo, rd, "armor,"' arms;" Li.E 339. properly, "instruments, gear, tools" of any kind. Homer, however, mostly uses it simply for "fighting gear, arms, armor," especially a coat of mail, like idpaf. In the Odyssey, however, we have VrTEa 6altr6, "the furniture, appliances of a banquet." Pindaw has vrea v6C, "' rigging," "tackle:" hvrea Z7rmreta, "he &se-trapping.s " &c.-From gvvvti, " to put on," &c., accordir.g tc some. 692 HOMERIC GI OSSARY Book 3. Line 340-348'EKeircpOev, adverb, for EKaTrpowOev, "from eamh smde... L.NE, 340. From ikdcrepog, "e ach of two," &e, and the local suffix tli'Od27Ov. Consult line 22. OwprpxOracav, Epic and Ionic for E.oproXo71cav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indi, pass. of &wp'caac, "to arm;" properly, with a cuirass or corselet: then, in general, "to arm," &c.; fut. &Wepf7f: 1 aor. iopr5x67/v -- From,dpr,, Epic and Ionic for O36pac. LINE 341.'EarT6OvTro. Consult book ii., line 92. LINE 342. Aepmnpevoet, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. of 6~piKoiat, "to look," "to appeaCr," &c. OdlU6OS, co, cr6, " amazement," answering to the Latin stupor. — -From a root 66o/at, akin to TriOinra and 6a0i a. Eilop6ovrac, Epic lengthened form for eigopCivrac, aceus. plur. pres. part. act. of Edlopeo, &C. Z-rrmrTv, 3 dual 2 aor. indic. act. of ot'IT7lt, Epic and Ionia LINE 344. ar v for e~ora rwv. Atqaerpnrm, dat. sing. masce. of dtaerpr6, 6v,', "measured of."From dtajuerpio, " to measure off." Consult line 315. eiovre, nom. dual pres. part. act. of eiw, " to brandish;" LINE 345- fut. aeiaw: perf. pass. aiaeetua/t: 1 aor. pass. EaricOnv7.-. Akin to arcdo, " to urge," " to drive." Eyxe'ag. Consult line 137. KordovTE, nom. dual pres. part. act. of Koriwo, "to cherish wrath,"'to be incensed;" properly, "to bear one a grudge." —From K6rof.'grudge,"' " rancor." Ilpolet, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of irpoi'w, Epic and Ionic,INE. 346. form for 7rpoblUt, "to hurl." - Consult book i., line 25, remarks on qiiet. Ao2lXo6aKltOv, accus. sing. neut. of do2texOaKtoC, ov, "long shadowcasting," i. e., "long, tall."-From do2Xtgr, "long," and iis, "a shadow." Some, however, derive it from eaXor, "the shaft or handle of a spear." But consult note. LINE 3147.'ATrpElao. Consult book i., line 203. Hldvoa-E, adverb, " every way," "in all directions."'Etanv, Epic lengthened form for Iampv, accus. sing. fern. of iZaos, i1y, Riioov, Epic for iaOC, it'l, lacy,': equal." 4'E' neyv, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of jHyvvuL, "to break," LIE 348. " to rend;" fut. )iSro: 1 aor. epbsa. —The root is PHr-, PAr-, or, rather, FPHr-, FPAr-. Conlpare the Latin frang-o, freg-i, our break, wreck, the German brechen, &c.'~vVeyvdzcaO, 3 sing. I aor. indic. pass. of (vayvc'lY7r-r;.'to bend HOMltERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 348-358. ewk;' fur. i tayvd6trao: I aor. (cviyvaypta: 1 aor. pass. 4vveyTvL0tl,. — From'iv6 and yvai!zrrow. AiXuj, c)f, l, "the point of a spear."-Akin to adiaao, as 6paXut, to Sn:caao (Donaldson's New Cratylus, p. 224): also, perhaps, to h&Kt, ~atim.'Q2vvro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of 6pvvzu, " to ro:ste,>' LiNE 319. "to stir up;" fut. opao: 1 aor. (Spaa. In the middle, 6p. yviat, "to rouse one's self," "to arise," &c.'Ava, voc. sing. of,ivan, rvalcroC, 6,, "king," " nonarch,",INN 351. used only in addresses or prayers unto the gods. Sappho is said to have used it, also, for 65 avacaa, "0 queen!"-It is of rare isccurrence in the tragic writers. The last syllable is never elided.'Ilerm. h. Apoll.,.526.) Tiao6Oat, 1 aor. infin. mid. of Trtvw. Consult book ii., line 356.'Eopyev. Consult book ii., line 272. LiNiE.352.'Eups, Epic and Ionic for iu/a[e. Ajeuaacov, Epic for di6aoov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of w6amea,. Consult book i., line 61.'E5ptiyat, Epic for iPPtyn, (consult book i., line 129), 3 sing. IANE 353. 2 perf. subj. act. of /btyel, " to shudder;" fut. &lyrmao: 2 )crf. (with present signification) kitiya. Consult line 259.'Opty6vwv, gen. plur. mase. of pioyovor, ov, " late-born." Homer asually employs it in the plural, " they who are born afterward," " de rcendaznts," " posterity."-From 4bpE, "late," and yevo~. c.oetod6Kov, accus. sing. of SEcvod66cof, ou, 6, "a host," Epic [aN, 354. and Ionic for fevod66oC. Strictly, an adjective, Setvod6,cof, "V, "receiving guests," &c. —From:envor, Epic and Ionic for Sivoc, Ind &6Xoeata, " to receive."'PIFat, 1 aor. inf. act. of P5ipw,'to do," "to perpetrate;" fut. i5le:. I aor. ipefa. Consult book i., line 315. 4t1?r67ra, accus. sing. of lO;6r7C,; rrogC, i, "a fariendly or hospitable ~."ception."-From OtXoc, "friendly."'A/re'raX6v, nom. sing. mase. 2 aor. part. act. (redupli LINE 355. cated form) of hava7ira';Xo, "to brandish," "to swing to and;C.,." Consult note, and also remaiks on 7rai5ev, line 324. A'NE 357.`O6ptluov, nom. sing. neut. of 56ptuor, or, "powerful,' &c The form p6ptuor (consult note) is not used by the Epic, Lut is the prevailing form in Lyric writers.-From the intensive prefix 3plt- (wherce fpplpt, 3ppt'6,,ptdw, &c.), with o prefixed. HIovavdatdcXov, gen. sing. mase. of "'roXvda6da;o~o, ov IINE 358. " wrought with much ingenious art." —From'roZ1;c, and 4;a 2~foc, L" cunninly' wrourcht." 694 HOMERIC G/.OSSARY. Book 3. Line 358-.'63'Hp7jpetaro, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. pass. (with redaplication), toi jpetaro, of kpei6W, " to force," " to drive;" strictly, "to make one thing lean against another;" then, "to prop oristay." Hence "to.fixfirm," " to plant," and, figuratively, " to dash," " to hurl," " to force," " to drive," &c.; fut.'peioa: perf. pass., without reduplication, 4petazal: with reduplication, ip;pettciat: pluperf., without reduplication, speiapFiv: with reduplication and augment, 4p peapcrv, &c.'Avrtzcpv, adverb, "right on," "through and through." iA LINE 359. the old grammarians be credited, this is rather the meaning of a'vtvcpcg, while they assign to avitKppv the signification of " over against," &c. On this supposition, aivrtKepv must here be regarded as equivalent to avrctcpVC. But the rule above referred to has not as yet been established with certainty. Hapai, Epic for 7rapa. Hence the Latin prxe. Aa7ri'piv, Epic and Ionic for 2a7raepav, accus. sing. of 2a7rcpn, 77s, 4, Epic and Ionic for kaprapa, ac, 4, "the soft part of the body between the ribs and the hip," " the flank," "the loins," corresponding to the Latin ilia. Strictly,'the feminine of Xa7rap6, a, 6v, " soft," "slack," "loose," &c. Aai/uVae, Epic and Ionic for d6?tyae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. oi d6taluaw, "to mow through," "to cut through," "to pierce;" fut. dsa. ji{ag: 1 aor. 6t/unaa.-From dta and d[doe, "to mow," &c.'Ezc2iveO7, Epic and poetic for iKIN0G, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. (with middle signification) of KZiv'o, " to bend," " Ic bend sideways," fut. KZctvd: 1 aor. El,2va: I aor. pass. iKX8017v. I. the middle, K[tvo/at, " to bend one's self."-Homer uses both tEaXgvfh;v and eiKXc'tOv, yet the former is exclusively Epic and poetic.'Aeuaro, Epic and Ionic for 42Reivaro, 3 sing. I aor. indic. of the middle deponent haezv'o/at, same as i2Eoy/at, " to avoid," "to shun.." Kvpa. Consult book ii., line 352. LINE 361.'Epvoadievor. Consult book i., line 190.'Atyvo6foX2ov. Consult book ii., line 45. LINE 362. HX4fEv. Consult book ii., line 266.'AvaaX6oevog, nom. sing. masc. 2 aor. part. middle of havE'X. Conzult book i., line 450, remarks on c'vaqxcjv. K6pvOog, gen. sing. o' i6pv, i0o,, "a helmet," accus. Kip Va and Ki6pvv, both in Homer.-Akin, no doubt, to,Ciopa, KEpaf, Latin cenu, &c. ta'Xov, accus. sing. of aci~o, ov, o, "the metal ridge of a helmet ir which the plume was fixed." (Consult note.) LINE 363. Tp.Xy, adverb, poetic form for piX.;, "iznto /irce pwies.' HOME.;IC GLOSSARY'. {69 Book 3. Line 363-370. TerpaX(,a adverb, poetic form for rEroaXa, " into foul pieces." eAarpvoQv, nom. sing. neut. 2 aor. part. pass. (of deatpnrmw, to shiver," " to break into pieces;" fit. de&aOpvo: 1 aor. deiOpvtpa: 2 aor. pass. 6eETrpV0Yv.'EKrrCE, Epic and Ionic for i:treoe, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. eo eTnKtrr7rrT, "to fall out of," "to fall from;" fut. biEcrrac: 2 aor. Ifrenacv.'ltFioyev, z. c., jitfuev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of o/yC{(a, XLINE 364. "to groan," " to raise the cry of grief," &c.; strictly, " to cry oioet:" fut. oi6tomaat (for olpuw)o only occurs in. the Orac. Sib.) - I aor. tuwfa. - From oY7ot, "wo is me!" like o(o) from ol, aia' from at, 0e8zi( from eo, and many other Greek verbs formed from natural sounds. Compare the German;ichzen, from ach! L'OLo6repor, a, ov, " more hurtful." Comparative of b2lo6r, LINE 365. hurtful." The moral signification, " malignant," &c., is foreign to the word, for it always relates to the infliction of some special ill; and hence the &e'v bXo6irarof (II., xxii., 15) is not " the most malignant of the gods," but " the god Who causes the greatest ill." -From 62ot, obXLvltt. Katco6r.rog, gen. sing. of IcaK6ryg, ro', "wickedness, LINE 366. " worthlessness."-Frorm IKai6f. LINE 367. Xelpea6tv. Consult line 271.'Ayxr, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. pass. of aiyvv,ue, " to break." (Consult note.)-The ordinary form of the 2 aor. pass is taynv, with the a long.'HtxOn, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. of ataao, " to cause to LINE. 368. start forth," " to rush," &c.; fut. dif:l: 1 aor.`i!a: 1 aor. pass. r20ixsOv. The Attic form is'auc or drroT: fut. 4a: 1 aor.'far I aor. pass. nXOnv. Hahutlunyov, Epic for rra&ctPVcu. Consult page 425, seqq.'ErtKUtov, nom. sing. neut. of rTatoc, o, " without effect;"" to xa purpose," " in vain."-From er6r, " in vain," &c. I,~rNE 369.'Eiracua~. Consult book ii., line 146.'lrr7rodaaetii, Epic and Ionic for i7rrrodaaceia, gen. sing. of a femal nire 1rwro6dJeta, without any masculine is.r6&oavf in use (lobeck, ad Phryn., 538); in Homer always an epithet of Kopvg, "with bushu horse-hair crest." WELKs, Epic and Ionic for EiXKe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act LIEX 370. of UKgo, "'to drag;" fut. E12: 1 aur. elk2a, but only late, the derivative terases being mostly formed from IAtvKI', namely, fut.~zK;ao. 1 aor. e8v'a.ra, &c. 8 9{ HO:IMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 2. Line 370-374'Ear~7petaf, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of trtarpiow, 1" t trn about;" Mut. Ervarppc: 1 nor. irrarperJa.'Ayxe, Epic and Ionic for 7YXe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 4yXt,'to press light" especially the throat, "to choke," &c. HOTviKeoTro, ov, "rithly embroidered."-From 7roJv' and tceuvr6, "embroidered," and this last akin to tevrTEo, icivat, " to prick," &e.'Ia, ro, or,, "a strap." (Consult note.)-The root is to be found in the Sanscrit si, "to bind," rather than in trilu. Compare the old Saxon simo, "a bond." (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., ii., p. 174.)'AiraY7v, accus sing. fem. of cirad6s, I', 6v, " tender."-Perhaps from ii7rro, doi, " a touching," the primitive meaning of the adjective being " soft to the touch." Aetp.'v, accus. sing. of detp', if, i, "'the neck," "the throat." (The Attic form is d6ip, 7j.) —Probably from depo, " to skin," " to flay." Compare remarks on the etymology of?60o~, line 337. LINE 372.'AvOepedvor. Consult book i., line 501.'Oxe.6r, es)c (Ionic 4ioc), 6,,' any thing for holding or fdstening," " the Aolder of a helmet." (Consult note.)-From EXo, " to hold," a collat. eral form of which is 6Xio. Teraro, Epic and Ionic for irE'raro, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. pass. of reivw, "to stretch;" fut. TEsi: perf. reraKa: perf. pass. rircalcs: pluperf. pass. i7ercuyTv.-The root, as before remarked, is TAN-, TEN-, as in Sanscrit tan, "'extendere." Compare Latin tenuis, German diinn, English thin, &c. Tpvfaiveit, Epic and Ionic for rpvfa2elacS, gen. sing. of rpvbaeia, ac, a, "a helmet." —Usually derived from rpig and 0c2.os, "a helmet with three Oi.otc," otherwise called rptfdreta: but Buttmann (Lexil., s. v. dbor, fin.) remarks, that rpvua'ecta is a more general name, not the name of any special sort. Hence he derives it from rpdo, "to pieree," "to perforate," as a helmet with a projection (20d;or), pierced to receive the plume. Etpvae-v, Epic and Ionic for EpOvasv, 3 sing. 1 aor. indie. LINE, 373. act. of etpvpo, " to drag away," " to draw," &c.; fut. eip6a. I aor. etpvoa, all Epic and Ionic forms for epoco, Epviaw, ipvr!a, &., (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, ed. Fishlake, p. 103, seq.)'Amarerov. Consult book ii., line 455.'HpaTo, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. middle of alpw, " to take up;" fut. dolo; I aor. ipa. In the middle, aipofat, I" to take up for one's self," "tl gain," "to acquire;" I aor.'ipdu'v. LIrv,,: 274'OrC, accus. singr. neut. of Ikic. 6a I' )Able~," HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 0: Book 3. Line 374-381 "4harp," ".quick," taken here adverbially, "quickly." —Akin to L'Pfrfv, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of kj5yvv/u, "to treak," and Epic and Ionic for ~lt5/ev: fut. /ox&J: 1 aor. lo7fa.'IUt. Consult book i., line 38. Kraievozo, Epic and Ionic for Kcra[iEvov, gen. sing. masc. 2 aor. part. mid. (with passive signification) of CK7EiTv, "to slay;" fut. trev&:! 1 aor. xKr7Eva: perf. ltrova (still later, non-Attic. perf. Kerata and tcrT6vllia): 2 aor. mid. KTirdpnv: part.- KIC7eOSoC, &c. Ketvl, Epic and Ionic for cev'y, nom. sing. fern. of Kxetv&, LI, 6v, Epic and Ionic for Icev6f, ~, 6v, "empty." TEore-ro. 3 sing. 2 aor. mid. of hErouat, "' to follow;" 2 aor. arr6zu7)v. l~axEcri, Epic and Ionic for 7raxei,a, dat. sing. fem. of 7raXvg, eia, V,'stout.'- Akin to rtyvv/ut, 2 aor. pass. 7ray-Ovat.'Ertdl6viaaC, nom. sing. 1 aor. part. act. of Ewrt&viw, " to LINE 378. whir, around,"- " to swing round before hurling or throwtng."-From 7rrg and dwvsw, "to whirl," and this from 6iv27, ",a whirling'." K6ptcrav, Epic and Ionic for EK6outaav, 3 piur. 1 aor. indic. act. of:.>uie(. Consult book ii., line 183.'Epilper. Consult line 47.'Eir6povae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of bropoiw, "to rusA LINE 379 upon;" fut. eropouawo: 1 aor. (without augment) E7rpovaa. Only a poetic verb. —From er-i and opvvtue.. Ka-raCr6uevat, Epic, Doric, and X.Eolic for KcaaKrhivat, 2 aor. in! let. of K.aravYreivo, "to slay at once," "to slay;" 2 aor. KarEKirjv. Consult remarks on Kr/qjtvoto, line 375. Meveacv(ov, norn. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of/yeveaivwo, "to desire earncstly." —From fluvor, with regard to which consult book i., line.03.'Egpwrafe, Epic and Doric for UEpwrdae, 3 sing. 1 aor. in-,INE 380. diz. act. of ifapwrdw, "to snatch away;" fut. (Epic and Doric) E'ap7rra'wo: (Attic) 1~aprdaco:1-. aor.'ip7rafa (as always in Homer), but in Attic tipzraaa: perf. ip7raca. —From hi and Pe~a, adverb; poetic, especially Epic, for /lea, "easily — [,Ia 381.'Pe'a is regarded a 3 the adverb of j<oc. Oc6, ao, o, ", a goddess."'EiccAivbe, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of KVaUVrrr, " to cor.Leal." Con: cult book i., line 460.'HEm, Epic and Ionic for &-p', dat. sin.g. of rp7j, repot, o. (Co&n N NN f98 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 3. Line 381-385. sult note.).-Observe that this word is feminine in Homer and lie. siod; but, from Herodotus downward, masculine. The passages in El., v., 776; viii., 50; H. in Cer., 383, can not be quoted for the masculine usage, since there srov2srf and 8acflu need not be masculine. So, aEr was feminine in Ennius. (Aul. Gell., xiii., 20.)3 The Epic and Ionic form is ahjp, gen. spog, y, in Hippocrates?p. —From al. dy1,ut, as aCOl7p from awo. LINE 382. K&c. Consult book ii., line 160. Elae, 3 sing. I aor. indic. act., as if from a present e'o, "t o set, "to place," to which same supposed present are commonly assigned such tenses as eiadaEtv (1 aor. mid.): E'iaotma (fut. mid.): eilat (perf pass.). In truth, however, they ought to be ranked under E'oteaLe Oaat/,wo. Consult line 142. Ei6sei, Epic and Ionic for e56del, dat. sing. masc. of es6cksh, Er "fragrant." —From ev and 5on, "to smell," perf. 6d6da. K(S eV,rt, dat. sing. masc. of Kicet c, aaga, ea Eva, "smellinrr as o! burning incense." —Usually derived from K&o, icalon, "to burn," and 6c~o, "to smell;" but probably there was an old substantive Kieor equivalent to &vog, "incense," and which was to Ka[w as, in Latin fragro to fiagro. KaaUovaa, Epic for 1ca2iaovca, nom. sing. fem. fut. part of icca3X, " to summon," " to call;" fut. Kraiao.'Ie, Epic for,et (intermediate forms, also Epic, i'e and Be), 3 sin* mperf. indic. act. of edut, " to go.v'EKciXavev. Consult book ii., line 18. LINE 384. lVlpy). Consult line 153. "'Ag. Consult book ii., line 90. NeKrapiov, gen. sing. neut. of vexrdcpeoc, a, ov, Epic an4 LInE 385. Ioniic., ov, "nectarous," i. e., "fragrant," -" sweet-scented;" or, as others explain it, " divine," "beauteous." The formei is preferable.-From v6Etap, with regard to which consult book i., line 598.'EavouV, gen. sing. of iavv6v oil, r6, "a robe," usually a rich one, fit for goddesses, ladies of rank, &c., to wear.-There is also an adjective tav6S, V, 6v, "fit to wear," "fit to put on," &c. In the Iliad, the a of the adjective is long (Eavos), but that of the substantive short'idvov). Later authors, nowever, use d or a, as suits the metre. Buttmann is led by this difference of quantity to assume a twofold root: 1. EYvv/ut for the substantive. 2. EOci for the ad)ective, which would then have for its original signification, "yieldg,.'." "giving way," and so, "flexsblc." "pliant," "clasping " Nior is ttia reyr, rt IIOMERIC;GLOSSAIX/.- 699 Books3. Lilze 385-393. probable, since the substantive, like iEvvv/t, has the digamma, where as the adjective has not.'ErivaSE, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of rivda'a, "to shake;" fut. rz veo': 1 aor. trivafa.-Akin to rEivo, ravveo. rptit, dat. sing. of yp2v7f, gen. ypdog, Epic an( Ionic loi ypaiiy, gen. ypa6o, dat. ypat, &c., " an aged female." —Froro the same iooi as ypwov, yepat6g, &c. EliKva, nom. sing. fem. of EiKcit, EKlcva, eiKa6, shortened form for roZeOr, to.,'eKvia, EO6S~C, part. of Eouca, 2 perf., with present significaLion, from the radical elcK), "to be like," " to resemble." The Attica preferred the form etK(5J, especially in the neuter eicdf, and we find in Homer once ElSbc (II., xxi., 254), and frequently the feminine eltcva. -Ia2ayevZ1, Epic and Ionic for 7ra2laeyeveZ, dat. sing. fem. of sra. XactyEvc,, "far advanced in years;" more literally, " born long ago," or "long beforec."-From ir52uat and yiyvolate. EipotKc6tp, dat. sing. of Eipoic6t!o, or, o, "a wool-dre..ser." LINE 387. Properly an adjective, ELpor6Otor, ov, "wool-dressing." — From elpot, "wool," and IcoteiO, " to dress." NateraScy, dat. sing. fem. pres. part. act. (lengthened form foi vatertJap), from vatcetri, " to dwell."-ODnly an Epic word. "HiKetKv, Epic for CTKee~v, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of CrLxINE 388. INE 388, "to prepare," " to dress;" fut. daocae. —According to Pott, from atceivog or S:o, with a prefixed. Eipza, accus. plur. of eiptov, or, r6, Epic and Ionic for lpeov, ov, rT, " a fleece." 1,_lieaKev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. (iterative form for Etlael) of tXL7O, "to love;" fut. O2tRjauo, &c. LINE 389. Eeica/d7?. Consult book ii., line 22. LINE 390. Aevp' 16'. Consult line 1301.: AcVTOoat, Epic and Ionic for Odevwroif, dat. plur. neut. or INE 391. 6vor6, o, 6v, " rounded." (Consult note.)-From LV&eO, " to round." Kci2aei, Epic and Ionic for Icu2,XEt, dat. sing. of Ktcd?.o, EO,. r6, " beauty."-From Ka26f. 7ria6cov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of arU t6w, ", o glzsten;P faet. aesrrI;o. Ei/taaev, dat. plur. of eirta, arof,, ".a garment," &c. In the plu ral, EiLtara, "raiment," "vestments."-From EvVvue. Xcp6vde, adverb, "to a dance."-From Xopc, " a dance" IN 39.2. wit tlhe suffix de denoting motion toward. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 394-406. ii)yovra, accus. sing. pres. part. act. of ay~w, "to ciam' fron." Consult book i., line 210. VI-b; 395. Ovpev evi ar660eaatv, K. r... Consult book ii., line 142.'Izep6Oevra, accus. plur. neut. of iepo'eet, oeaca, 6ev, " lozely," "exciting love or desire."'-From iierpot, "desire." Mapy/lapovra, accus. plur. neut. pres. part. act. of papeaipcs, " to sash," "to sparkle brightly;" fut. Lapyeapd. Homer uses only the present. participle.-From uaipw, " to sparkle," by. a sort of reduplh. cation, either strengthening the signification, or expressing a quick repetition and continuousness of the action.-From papuaipco, again, come jipppapog, eap/eapdvace, japapvy7, &c., and to this same farmily belongs the Latin marmor, the idea involved in all these words being that of a sparkling brightness of surface. LINE 398. O_6&]Jaev. Consult book i., line 199. T'Erog r' EIar', K. t. I. Consult book i., line 361. Atlaieat, Epic and Ionic for XLtaitet, 2 sing. pres. Indic. of LINE 399. the middle deponent 2Leaiopat, "to desire," only used in the present and imperfect. -From the obsolete Acao, " to wish," by a sort of reduplication, as.ln Ieapt/aipo, line 397.'Irwepoorevetv, pres. infin. act. of'7reporeow, "to deceive;" fut qPreponreVaWo.-Probably from error, El &rrv, iCrv'o, "o to talk over *' not from a~rrq7. lporEpo, adverb, "farther on," "farther before." A-.sign..E. 4100. ed as a species of comparative to rrpo. IiHoiwve, Epic and Ionic for -roLeov, gen. plur. of nr6, af, Es, Epic and Ionic toy, a, "a city." EivatoyEYvawv. Epic and Ionic for e-vato/zevtdv, gen. plur. fem. of eiva6ipevoS, Iq, ov, " well-inhabited." A participle in form, though no such verb as Evivaiw or e6vaioyae occurs.-From de and vao, " to inhabit." KeWet, adverb, Epic and Ionic for tee0t, " there," " at thaa L 42 place." LINE 403. 0OieEa. Consult book i., line 11. TobveKa, contracted for TroO VeKa, " on this account," "for 405. this reason," "therefore." AoJoopoveovaa, nom. sing. fem. of 6doaopovcowv, ovaa, ov, " mcdita. Ling wiles," "planning craft." Participle in form, though no such verb as do? oqjpoveo exists.-:From do.o65pWv, "wily-minded," and this from do'6or and opp7v. LINE 406.'Hao. - Consult book ii., line 200.'Iovaa, nom. sing. fern. of 1Idv, iov~aa, 16v pres. part. of elyt, "Ita go., HOME RIC GLOSSARY. JOI Book 3. Line 406-414. A7ioelKe, 2 sing. pres. imper. of &aroeicw, " to withdraw f[ om;" fut dia reiw.-From 47r6, and elma, "to yield," "to retire." Ke?.e60ov, gen. sing. of KiceivOog, ov, 7o, with the poetic heterogene ous plural ri- Ka;eva, " a path," " a uay."-According to Buttmann tfrom niedO0a. eeaa ldev, Epic for iroai, dat. plur. of 7rodv, irod6f, o, "th1 foot."-The Sanscrit root, as before remarked, is pad, "ta go:" hence Sanscrit pad, Latin pes, ped-is, English pad, foot, Ger inanfuss, &c.-Atini, also, to 7ridov, which is equivalent to the San scrit pada, and probably to ir~dao.'T"roarpEfpelta, 2 sing. Eolrc 1 aor. opt. act. of v7roarplow, "to tter back;" fut. VroarpEp6u: 1 aor. Virearpepa.-From v~'r6 and arptS6o.'Oitve, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of boch'o, "to wail," " t LINE 408. mourn," "to lament," and hence "to be miserable." ~ With the Attics it is a trisyllable, oi'kra.-From ol, exclamation of grief, pain, &c., " oh!." "ah!" &c. LINE 409. Eld6ice. ~ Consult book ii., line 332. -AooXov. Consult book i., line 546. Kedee, Epic and Ionic for KnteCE, "thither." —From tact rLNE 410. "there." N;eeOaa;7Tov, Epic for verea7rr6v, nom. sing. neut. of vEUIea7r6o, ov,'causing indignation or urath." (Consult note.)-From veeeao&, "to be wroth," &c., and this from v ieatC, "anger" at any thing un. just or unfitting. HIopavvgovaa, nom. sing. fem. ESpic and Ionic for ropav. oaINE 411 a, fut. part. act. of iropavvo, "to prepare;" fut. 7ropavv:. (Consult note.) The form Tropavao is often confounded with the synonymous iropaaivw, but the latter is unknown to the most an. cient Epic, as also probably to Attic poetry. Even -ropavvw is a poetic word, though used by Xenophon (Cyr., i., 6, 17; iv., 2, 47). Mc#7ancovrat, 3 plur. fut. indic. of the middle deponent Pju) LINE 412. oINE auo (Ionic UpwuEo,uat), " to blame," " to find fault with;' fut. ~puao!tae. —From yZyogZ, "blame," " ridicule."'Axea, accus. plur. neut. of ryog, reog, -6, " sorrow," " grief," &c,Aicpera, accus. plur. neut. of vptro~, ov, "unarranged," "con fused," " crowded together."-From a, priv., and cpivw, " to separate,' "to distinguish," &c. LINE 413. Xo2oaa/uzEiG. Consult book ii., line 195.'EpeOe, 2 sing. pres. imper. of iptWon, "to provohe," "t hNE 414. stir to anger." The derivative iEpr'0S'o is more usually emplcyed.-Akin to Eplf N N 2 702 HOMEMRG( GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 414-422. Xver.ij7, Epic and Ionic for axerTia, voc. sing. fern. of aX.ltr. a, a, oiP, "wretched," "; miserable."' Compare book ii., line 112. Xwuoapcsv77, nom. sing. fern. 1 aor. part. of the middle deponent XT6oat, "to be zncensed," " to be enraged at;" fut. X6eropac: 1 aor. EX~adrv. MEEOiw, Epic and Ionic for /iue6', and this for /eS(5, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of [eOrlpt, " to fling away," " to abandon;" fut. IteeOaw: 2 aor.;i6ytv. T1,l demonstJative adverb, answering here Lo kc, i e, NE 41, " so much," "as much."'AyerreXpao, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of'rreX0aip w, "to hate;" fut, aTeXOap 1I aor. tarrsxOvpa.-From thr6 and ExOatp&o. YEKnrayXa, adverb, "greatly;" strictly, the accus. plur. neut. of Ibra2yao'. Consult book ii., line 223. Miaa?, Epic and Ionic for ygam, dat. sing. of OiaoS, j, ov LINE 416. &c M77Traopat, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. (with shortened mood-vowel, foi urioauolt) of the middle deponent jueriopat, "to devise;" fut. y.rf.,royat.-From l7rLt, "; skill," " cunning," "craft," &c. Avypu, accus. plur. neut. of Ivyp6t, 5, 6v, " mournful," "gloomy. -Akin to 2evya?,6co,?Xoty6, roiytog, and Latin lugeo, luctus. Oirov, accus. sing. of olrof, ov, o, "fate," "lot," " doom." [NE 417. — Usually derived, like oieor, oierq, from the same root as ocro, fut. of eppo, like the Latin fors frorn fero; but better, perhaps, from o[, akin to Koirog. t'0?.at, Epic and Ionic for 6R?,, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of o2avpus. LINE 418.'EKyeyavia. Consult book iii., line 199. 419. KaracXoaLyvc, nom. sing. fern. 2 aor. part. mid. of Kar6ei, IN'.E 419. "to cover'," " to envelop."'Eavi). Consult line 385.'Apy/re, dat. sing. of pyo7Z, 7?ros, g, rt, "white."-Akin to Jpy5c. Aci0ev, Epic and Ionic for V2caOEv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. LINE 420. of aavOiivo, " to escape observation;" fut.?V:aw: 2 aor. V~aR,v The first aorist 7yraa is only found in the Homeric 7rriae, and in later Epic. (Lobeck, ad Phryn., 719.)-Lengthened from root AAO-, with which compare the Latin lat-co. LINE 422'Ayuriro2ot. Consult line 143. Tparrovro, Epic and Ionic for Erpd(rTovro, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. middle of Tr,S7r(, "to ftrn:" in the middle, "to turn one's self," "to turn one's attention;" fut. rppo' i aor. erpepa: 2 aor. Iroasrov: 2 aor. mid. iroarrqunv. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 7 (.3 Book 3. Line 423-436.'TYpdpoopv, accus. sing. masc. of,Sgfpopoo, or. "hZih-2 ooo Mz 23.~ ed," " with high ceiling."-From VLpt, "on high." and opon,' a r,'f," " a ceiling." Kke. Consult book i., line 348. ABipov, accus. sing. of diopof, ov, 6, and later 7, " a seat," L 424 stool," &c. The primitive meaning of the term is " tha carzot-board." Consult line 310.,2LtXo/,LzedLf', E', "smile-loving," an epithet of Venus. —From txea nted?uetdda, "to smile." (Consult note.) Avrit, accus. plur. neut. of ivr7of, taken adverbially,.INE. 425. ": opposite," " over against." KdiOee, Epic and Ionic for 1EKdOte' (Kiihner, ~ 106, 3), 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of icae[y&, taken here in an intransitive sense, "to sit down." LTNE 427.'Oaac. Consult book i., line 104. IldX2tv, adverb, "away," "back." Consult remarks on Iraatq7rlayyOevag, book i., note on line 59. KPirvaaa, nom. sing. fernm. I aor. part. act. of t{eveo, "to bend," "to aurn," &Pc.; fut. icI'vci: 1 aor. icX~tva. -Il0oetv. Consult line 163.'Hvrra7re. Consult book ii, line 245. Y20e.eC, 2 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of boeiXo, "to owue."' 428. Consult book i., line 415. Avr6Ot, adverb, "there." Equivalent to aeroi. Aapleir, nom. sing. mase. 2 aor. part. pass. of dayuio,'re fiNE 429. subdue." Consult book i., line 61. Ebjeo, Epic and Ionic for yS' ov, 2 sing. imperf. indic. o! 430the middle deponent e'XopUat, "lo boast;" fut. eifo,uat: 1 aor. 2cv'.Ve.-The common notion is probably that of loud speaking, for the word is clearly akin to a'ixio, Kavxaolaet. 1lpoK2eccaaat, Epic for rpoicdXE'e e, 2 sing. 1 aor. impel. LxINE 432. mriddle of 7rpoeKaiw,E, "to call forth," i to challenge to thd combat;" fut. 7rpOKscaa': 1 aor. rpoedea'Eaa: Attic 7rpoVK6d2eca.From,Trp and KaXeo. LINE 434. Ki7Xolat. Consult book i., line 386. navO6. Consult book i., line 197.'Avri6tov (consult. line 20), to be taken here adverbially, 1,NE 435. " against," not as an adjective agreeing with r6Xettuov. *':Aspad f', adverb, " rashly," "'foolishly."-From qpritdf. LmE 436. "t houghtless," "inconsiderate," "' without reflection," qnd this from (a, priv., and opadouct,- " to reflect," "nto delilbeiare " 7{}4 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 3. Line 436-447. tapu~nC, Epic lengthened form for da?,ur, 2 sing. 2 asr. indic. pass of &auidw, "to subdue," &c.'EvTrre, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of everroT, "to assail,t "N to attack," "to upbraid;" filt. bvpow. Consult remarks on svi~ralre, book ii., line 245. Tpa'reio/uev; Epic and Ionic (with shortened mood-vowel) LmNE 441. for rpair ou/ev, and this for rpawrilzev (which; again, is, by metathesis, for Tapirpevv), 1 plur. 2 aor. subj. pass., in a middle sense, of rtproW, " to delight;" futr riEpip: 1 aor. ETep/a: 2 aor. 1rap~rov, by metathesis erpa7rov: 2 aor. pass. traprtrlv, by metathesis erpiWriv. A similar metathesis takes place in Ercapeov, Erpamos, from 7rep0o. (Consult the remarks of Buttmnnn, Irreg. Verbs, r. Fishlake, p. 236, who successfully combats the formation of rrFa1rei ojtev, &c., from rpE7rw.) E3i,:v iVre, nom. dual I aor. part. pass., in a middle sense, of et vdo, "' to lay on a couch," "' to lull to repose:" in the middle, "to re tire to the couch," "to lie on the couch," &c.; fut. Erv Gao. — Front swvvi, "a couch." LINE 442.'Epcos, oo, 6, "aloe."-Akin to Fi/:o.'AIeKdaXvtpev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of 9igcav7rr?-r, "to en. wrap," "to envelop;" fut. aljtKcaUXlp: 1 aor. I/ugKavipa. —From iqPi, " round about," and ca2aOrrw, " to cover."'Er2Xeov, 1 sing. imperf. indic. act. of irr&o, " to sail;" fut. LINE 444. 7r;~evao/uat, or, usually, zr3Evrouat: 1 aor. Ercevaa.'Ap7r6far, Epic and Doric for pwrdciaac, nom. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. act. of cp7r6df, " to carry off." Compare remarks on ijpnrade line 380. Kpavp,, dat. sing. of Kpavan, nC, A, " Cranae," an island on which Paris and Helen first landed after their flight firom Sparta. According to some authorities, it is the island Helena, near the southern extremity of Attica. Others, however, make it to have been a small island in the Sinus Laconicus, now Marathonisi, and in this latter opinion Mdller coincides. (Orchom., p. 316.)'Epaact, 1 sing. pres. indic. of the deponent Epaluat, "1 [.aR 446. love," &c.; fut. ipaaOeaozact: 1 aor. tpdaolv. The usual prose form is spaw.'Apxe, Epic and Ionic for i7pXe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act of LIp; o, "to begin;" fut. hapto: imperf. gpxov. AiXog6e, adverb, "to the couch."-From;E'Xor, " a couch." Kdsv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of Kio,." ta go." The present:s not used in the indicative, but the verb is frequently employed by UOMERIC GLOSSARY. d. Book 3. Line 447-456. Romer and others in the optative Miolst, part. hatwi, KLco'aa: impegr sIxev, without augment Klov. Kil seems to belong to io, the root oM dE/i, and from it come Kae&o, cvr&o, and the Latin cio, cieo.'AKeotrtc, Wlo, 4, "a spouse," "a wife," feminine of adKo(trg -From a, copulative, and,Kotrv, I" a couch." TpTrolat, Epic and Ionic for rpplrorS, dat. plur. neut. of Trp71rO A7,, "perforated." (Consult note.)-From ir-:.ooe, " to perforate." KareiivaaOev, Epic for KarevvciaOJaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. inaic. pass., in a -middle sense, of Icarevvva, " to lay down on a couch," &c.: in the middle, " to lie down." Consult remarks on e'vg0v-re, line 441.'Eoitra, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of qotrua, " to move up and down," ". to wander," &c.; fut. 0o0riaCo. Oy7pi, dat. sing. of ijp, 9&7poc, 6,, "a wild beast," " a beast of prey." -Compare the German thier, English deer, and, with the Aolic form, O'p, likewise the German e-ber, English boar, bear.'EraOp'aEzev, 3 sing. AEqolic 1 aor. opt. act. of haiOpga, "to 1laNE 450. espy;" fut. Caaedpmao, &c.-From iC- (ari) and dOpEi,' "to see," "to observe," &c., and this last from the same root as ewoEpo. Ka2ErcT, gen. plur. masc. of KeLCO-t,., 6V, "distinguish LINE 451. ed," "illustrious."-From KieNo, "to celebrate," "to ren. der famous."'ErrTKodpov. Consult book ii., line 130. Asifal, 1 aor. inf. act. of deieVvtL, "to point out,"' "to LNE 452. show;" fut. deiny: 1 aor. idEl5a.-Buttmann traces both this verb and deXouat to a common root dEK-, with the common no tion of stretching out the right hand (deltai), either to point, as in dBeK vvwtt, or to welcome, -as in dlXoual. - The usual signification of ddei pvvtU, " to show," is that of the Sanscrit dic, with which compare the Latin die-cre, doc-ere, in-dic-are, whence, perhaps, dig-itus, daltc-Trvoc-'EKEeiavov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of KevOivy, " to conINE 4.53. ceal," a poetic form for seevOt.'A4r5 x%7eruo, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. of crreXOdvotact, " to be hate~INE 454. ful;1" fut. i7rwex6O aopia: 2 aor. e7rn7X0OILp v. Some make d&ri.'Oero here the imperfect of i-d'0X6o/eat, but the aorist is far pref. erable, and may very well be rendered as a pluperfect, "had madi himself hateful." (Consult Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, ed, Fishlake. p 110.) Adpdavot, ov, ol, "the Dardani." According to the Ha INE 456. meric topography, the Dardani, who were subject to An ehises. and were commanded by his son.uEneas. occupied a smag T7%t5 HOMERIC GLOUSSARY. Boek 3. Line 456-461. Book 4. Line 1.5. district ^Ahich lay between the territory of Abydus and the thJeteaa promontory, beyond which point the Trojan land, properly so called, and the hereditary dominions of Priam commenced.'EKdoTe, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. act. of EKt&iOUL, "to girt up;" fut. iedJao': 2 aor. 1i6ov.-From le and dirBye..'AJrorLvilev, Epic, Doric, and _Eolic for a7rorivetv, pres. inf. act. of ivro iv. Consult line 286. LINE 4C0. "H'Tre Ka-, Kc. r. A. Consult line 287. I'Hveov, i. e.,,veov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of aivfi, "to AliN 461. applaud," " to give plaudits," " to praise;" fut. alveao, Epic.tt'r/:i aor. Vveaa. BOOK IV.'Hyopowvro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent 1yopaolae, " to hold converse together" or "' with each other;" and Epic lengthened form for V'yopL3vro. Compare Glossary on book ii., 337. AawriEf, dat. sing. of 6rwedov, ov, r6, "' land," "soil;" but;,INE 2. usually " the floor of an apartment" or " hall," " a pavement,",enerally of marble, or some other hard substance, and often splenlidly wrought in the heroic age. The term is commonly supposed to be Doric for y/7redov, yavrredov, like AJ-?u2r7p; but Dcederlein and Pott take it to be for QSc-7redov, and the quantity seems to be in favour of this.'Eivooy6 t, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of otvoXo&, " to be an LINE 3., oINE 3 voXoO, "to pour out wine for drinking;" here, however,.to potur out nectar for wine." The form i)voX6el is Epic, with the syllabic augment prefixed to the temporal, for the common voXo6es (Kaihncr, ~ 100, 8.)-From olvoc, and XE'o, "to pour." Aetid8aro, 3 plur. pluperf. (in sense of imperfect) middle tNE * of 6dei'vvpte, and Epic and Ionic for detEytEivot Iaav. The original idea appears to be that of stretching out and offering the cup, or, as it were, poznting with it to another. Many deduce. detdxaero from 6dXoteat, with the meaning of " to receive," " to welcome;', but this is condemned by Buttmann and others. (Buttmann, Irreg Verbs, p. 59, ed. Fishlake.)'ETretpT27o,.3 sing. imperf. indic. middle of retpeao. Compare LrxE 5. Glossary on book i, 302.'Epe6etuev, Epic, Doric, and _Eolic for ipe Oifcv. Earliest form'9,lutSevlat. Compare Glossary on book i., 32 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. i07 Book 4. Line 6-20 [Iacpa62/76y, adverb, "with sidelong look." Strici meaning, LL 6" thrown beside," from rapa6d(iXu, " to throw beside.'" Aotai, nom. plur. fem., " two." Compare Glossary on boa; iii., 236.'ApTyydvE, nom. plur. of apny&v, 6voc, o,', " a helper."-Froln a7p'to, " to help."'AaReo/eevi1t, Moc,, "Alalcomenlzan;" an epithet of MiLINE. nerva.-From'AXaK.co/jevat, a town of Boeotia. Consult r rote. IHapEi362aolue, 3 sing. perf. indic. active of the assumed form 7rapa6oeaKo, " I go," "I come;" fut. mid. 7rapa/yo2.ob-!oat. The form 3fiJatKo, instead of being an original present, was constructed upon'o?0ov, /e62Lo, the latter, by transposition, becoming ut6wo. As, however, the concurrence of uez was offensive to euphony, the,u was changed to f, and ttu6o thus became f2a6o, which in its turn, by a very common process of extension, was strengthened into PfincK. So theperfect was originally ouP2oLKa. from which, by the insertion of f: between the two liquids, arose aeieau2Wa. (Kihnler,,V 179.-Buttmann, ~ 114.)`'Efeaduoaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of icaa66o, an Epic LINE 12. form of E' tod, " to save," "to bring off safe;" fut. Eiaaeao-: 1 aor. eJoacoa. OavieoOat, fut. inf. mid. of varicje, Epic and Ionic for iavetlada. i2Lolrtv, accus. sing. of 2;ofwrgt,,dof, do, "the din of battle," I.1.NE 15. "the battle-cry," "the battle itself;" accus. OvX6s7rtda and tv2orz-tv, the latter of which is the common form in Homer, the for-.ner being only used by him on one occasion, namely, in Od., xi., 314. According to the grammarians, it is derived from 0Lov, "a people, nation, tribe," and 5*b in the sense of Pio', "a loud cry" ar " din." Aivn5v. Consult Glossary on book i., 552, s. v. Aiv6rare.'Opaotev, Epic form, with shortened mood-vowel, for 6pLINE 16. rLINE 16 Lv, 1 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of 6pvv1t1, "to excite," " t arouse;" fut. paw: 1 aor. dSpaa. Compare Glossary on book iii. 250, s.' V. bpoeo.'EriTyvFav, 3. plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of E7rti~uw: fut.'.m LINE 20. N 20 rom 7rnl and'/vn,:" to make the sound ett, f3," &c. (Con sult: note: and compare the Latin mutire, mnussare, mussitere, and the English "' to mutter.") "HaOqv, 3 dual, imperf. indicm of 7,Lat, " I sit;" imperf. iUlyv, jaoi s:-J &c. Observe that i uat is, in fact, a regular perfect, and Ona, 708 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 20-33. a regular pluperfect from eo, "I seat," and signifj espectivel). when strictly considered, " I have been seated, or placed, and remain so," i. e.. "I sit," and " I had been seated, or placed, and remained so," 2 P., I' was sitting." MEdvi77v, 3 dual, imperf. ir.dic. of middle deponent yuEdo/Lpa, "to devise," "to plan," &c.; fut. ped6aopuaL. Augment wanting. The future occurs in II., ix., 650; elsewhere Homer employs only the present and imperfect. The form iJ6oucact is originally only an fonic ona for,idoyaL. LINE 22.'Acikov. Consult Glossary on book i., 512. vZK2 vopmv7, present participle, nom. sing. fem. of the de,ponent.KiSojoal, "to be incensed" or "wroth with one." An active mic6 occurs only in the grammarians. Usually derived from.Wirv, and so, strictly, like KvV'nouat, " to snarl." "HoPEt ( pet), 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of aipio, " to take,"." to take possession of," &c.;. fut. alpiac: perf.,ptKca: 2 aor. ei2Xov, &c'Exade, 3 sing. 2 aor. act. of xavdavo, " to hold," " to take i';," " to contain," &c.: fut. xEtaolat: 2 perf. with present signification KdXavda: 2 aor. Xa6dov. This verb is lengthened from the root XAA-, and is akin to xaivco and XduaaK, "to gape." L A~tov, accus. sing. masc. of iitor, a, orv, "fruitless." LINE 26. According to some, it is the same word with &iZtoo, "of" or " belonging to the sea," and so, strictly, "like the sea," "faithless,' " useless," &c.; but this is too, artificial for so early a word: according to others, akin to n72, " wandering;"' 2r6O, "astray;" tXi to, "' idle," " trifling," "vain," &c.'ArOeacTOv, accus. sing. mase. of atrea7rof, ov, "without end,' " incomplete," "without effect." —From a, priv., and reESo, " to bring about," " to complete."'Idpj, accus. sing. of Wdpu, 7rof, o6, "sweat." Consult'LINE 27. note. Kauruv, for icKaUjErv, augment wanting, 3 dual, 2 aor. indic. act of c6UVw,," to labour." Compare Glossary on book ii., 101.'Ep6e, 2 sing. pres. imper. of.pdho. Compare Glossary on book i., 315.'Piovatv, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of t56fo, "to do," &c Lrx 31. -Compare Glossary on book i., 147.'AarrepXdf, accus. sing. neut., of clarepXfj, "unceasing," taken as an adverb; "unceasingly."-From (. euphonic, and arppXto, "tas13 in rapid motion," " to urge on," &c. L:.IE 33.'Ei/K r[revov, accus. sing. neut. of EiKTriaevoc.. ov'- ", HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 709 Book 4. Line 33-46. bilyt," typing bea'utfully," and also, " well-inhabited,'popultusFrom es and iri~O, " to build," " to found," " to people," &c. II2H aEr, accus. plur. of ir02,,?I, ~, "a gate." Pott traces an anal. ogy between this word and the Sanscrit pfir, " tofill." mINE 35.'2u6v, accus. sing. masc. of au6., ~, 6v, "raw." Be6p6Oolt, 2 sing. pres. opt. act. of the verb fPi6p60o, a poetic form fir r3?6pacrc', " to eat," " to devour." In this verb the stem, or root bPOU, is formed in -0w, like Kcvlo, KcviL0, dL2LE, (AYiSo, and the reduplication is prefixed to increase the force of the word, as in rcrpaivu, from Trp'; rtrp&ci and rerpetaZvw, from TpEi. It is alto. gether erroneous to make 3ec6p6Ootf, as some do, a perfect optative. Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 41, ed. Fishlake.)'Ecasieraao, 2 sing. 1 aor. opt. of the middle deponent 4EaLIE. 306 iCoiat, "to cure," "to appease;" fut. Eaotzat. The active voice is only used in later writers. - Epcov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of spot, "to do." ComlItNE 37. pare Glossary on book i., 315. NeZKor, nom. sing. of veniog, eog, r6, "' an altercation," " a quarrel."'Eptapa, norn. sing. of Epotaua, aroC, r6, "a source of conLINE 38. tention," "that which is striven for." — From Epio, "to strive," " to contend." LINE 40. Mepawtr. Consult Glossary on book i., 590, s. v. iueyaSra.'Eyyeyaaacv, 3 plur. poetic, and especially Epic perfect of IINE 41. yYiyvofaC, "to be born in," "to live in." Observe that viyaa is formed from yaw, an obsolete present, for which yiyvo!cat is employed. taarpifetv, pres. inf. act. of dtcarpi6o, "to retard:" fut. iINEI 42. l. —From dtai and rpi&o, "to rub." Observe that dtarpi6o properly. means, " to rub between" or " against, rub away, con.. mine," &c.'Ediat, 1 aor. inf. act. of ia.e, "to permit," "to let," "to leave amne:" fut. a;: perf. EtaKa: 1 aor. eeaaa.'Aarep6evrt, dat. sing. masc. of arepp6etf, eaaa, EV, "starred,' LINE 44. " starry."-From aarvp, "a star." I6 45. ale, Epic and Ionic for 7r6oete', nom. plur. of rr6oL, "'a city:" gen. ouc and eoy, V: Epic and Ionic gen. ir6ottor; dat. Zro,5X, &c. Another Ionic genitive is rr6i~oC, which is likewise found in Doric. T6(v, Epic and Ionic gen. plur. fem. of' 6, a, to, for rev LINE 46. Ii is also called a Dorie and 2Eolic'folm, but the mnor con,inor. DOuer form is 7iV. 71t d 1I ERIc GLOSSARY. Bo.Ak 4. Line 46-59. TtCTKero, Epic and Ionic iterative imperfect ind. pass. 3 sing. G,.! trieTo, from r(o, "to esteem," "to honour:" fut. rilca. Not to b1 confounded with -rvw,; which merely means " to pay a price."'Eiputue~2i, Epic and Ionic for Eiutueeiov, gen. sing. of ev1i. ite 4T7. I ts lX7ir, ov, o, "Good at the ashen-handled spear.' —Frow er and jeia, "the ash-tree." Consult note. Aot6~7, gen. sing. of.ot6ef, jC, j, "a poTring;" in a ieli. LtNg 49. gious sense, " a libation." —From Asei6, "to poz'r out,"' to make a libation." ~Kvta'Ts, gen. sing. of Kvic27, lC, V, "the savour of sacrifice." Corn. pare Glossary on book i., 66. Ad6Xopev, Epic and Ionic for CidXo/uev, 1 plur. 2 aor. ind. act. of?ayxc'dvo, "to obtain by lot," "to have assigned to one by lot:" fut. iFoLta: perf. eZ'Ly7a: 2 aor..beaxov.. —Lengthened from fle root AAX.'Apyoq, eog, r6, "Argos," the later capital of Argolis, in LrvNE 52. the Peloponnesus, the earlier one having been Mycenm It was situate on the River Inachus, and of Pelasgic origin. 2(wdpvr, oc, I, "Sparta," the capital of Laconia, on the Rivt, Eurotas. MvK7,eiv, US,, "M lycenc," the earlier capital of Argolis, and the residence of the Pelopida. It lay in a northeastern direction from Argos. Mycenm was destroyed by the people of Argos. Homer uses both MvKejvV and MvH7vat, but mostly the latter, which prevails also in Attic. Hence the more usual Latin form of the name is Mycenc, whereas MvtOcv2 would properly be Mycene. ta-rpcuat, 1 aor. inf. act. of d&taerpOr, " to destroy:" fut.:..NEs.53. cao: 2 aor. d6erpaOov. The 1 aor. &dE'repaa is less fre.!uent.-From &di and nr-pOa, " to destroy."'Ar -x0o )rat, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. of the middle deponent UireX6dv,/lat, "to be hateful:" fut. 7-reXOriaoLati: 2 aor. r771X086/7Zv. Meyaep[d, 1 sing. pres. ind. act. of ceFyaipo, strictly, " to LNW 54. look on a thing as great, or too great;" whence we get the notions of ill-will or envy, which soon became attached to it: hence,' to grudge" a thing to another, as too great for him: fut. pueyapc5: I aor. bEuey7ipa.-From uliyag, "great." Eia3, 1 sing. I res. ind. act. of eliO, eiC, Epic and Ionic foi Lxm., 55. iaE, Ei'C, "S to permit," " to allow."'Avoa, 1 sing. pres. i!d. act. cf ivvsm, "te effect," "to ac. [,~ 56. complish," " to gain:" fut. cawn: perf.?vvha. LINE 59. npmc6v7Tyr7v, ace. sing. fem. of Trpecqdraro'C,, oP, o, "er HOMIERU1C GL(SSARY 711 Book 4. Line 59-79. (idted t. verb grat respect." (Consult note.) Supcrlative degree of irpag6vf, comparative wpeo6Trepof. Tieero, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. mid. wanting augment, and Epic and Ionic for ErTEero, from rriicrw. Compare Glossary on book i., 36.'Ay/cv2oyun7ri7r. Consult Glossary on book i., 205. IlapdiKoereT, tof, o,, accus. iv, feminine form of rapaicoiryr, LiNE 60. "a wife."-Froim roapa and Iotr7, " a couch."'Tiroeiotzuev, Epic for vrnoeictwuev, the mood vowel being LINE 62. shortened: I plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of ViroeitKo, Epic and ionic for VrreiKto, ",to retire," " to withdraw," and hence, figuratively, "to yield," " to give up:" fut.'w: from iro6 and elicw, " to yield." L'Eiovrac, 3 plur. fut. ind. of the middle deponent Eropaw, to follow:" fut. Elpolat: 2 aor. Eawor6,/v.'Elrtre2Lat, 1 aor. inf. act. of erctri2la;, "to command:" fut. ErtreR5: 1 aor. )erETE!TEa: perf. EcrtCrra?,Ka. —From n7r and ri;Xo, with regard to which last, consult Glossary on book i., 25.'TY7repcvdavrao, accus. plur. masc. of birEpicdaco, avrog, LINE 66. " exceeding in fame," "far-famed."-From VrEip and Kdog-, fame," "irenown." Some take V7reptccdac to be contracted from i7repicvdciEic, OrEpkv6?S1g, Doric vrepEicoaC, avrof, but then the accent should be v-repcKVdT7ra, V7rEpKV(5d2varc, for which there is no au. thority.'Ap ocat, 3 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of appXw, "to begin," &c.: fut..:o: 1 aor. rp a. Ar2uiaaoOat, I aor. inf. of the middle deponent Aie'oplat, "to ivjure," &c.: fut. dul7aocXac: 1 aor. aIchL/cpc67 v. NarInat, Epic and Ionic for vavratc, dat. plur. of vairrlf, ov, 6, 7 " a seaman."-From vaiV, "a ship." i:rrtvBOpec, nom. plur. of crr7vO7ip, ~poC, O, "a spark." The LINE 77 old 2Eolic form appears to have been Ctiv'P0p, with the usual substitution of ic for 7r; and with this we may compare the Latin scintilla.'IerTae, 3 plur. pres. ind. pass. of iy/t, "to send:" fut.'ac:: perf elKa. LINE 78. E!Kvia. Consult Glossary on book iii., 386.'Hir~v, 3 sing, 1 aor. ind. act. of cicaac, "to rush:" fut. Ucfdo aor, 7ia The Attic form is daae, or rirroT: fut. a:o: 1 aor EOope, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of &pWaU-to, "to leap:" fut LINE 79. %a'roguc t: 2 aor. i0opov.-Lengt,ened from a root OOP. 1 12 HOMERIC GLGSSARt. Book 4. Line 84-101. Tqacuig, Epic and Ionic for Tracuat,, C,, "a.-dispenser."t1E, 84. Either firom 7,:u'vo, Tpu-etv, "one who cuts for each his Rhare," or akin to the Latin dare, daeo. (Compare Pott, Etymol. Porsch., i., 186.) Karedvaero. Consult Glossary on book iii., 328, and LIrzE~ 86. book i., 428. itE88. AYiepv, nom. sing. fem. of d&Clzeevoc, r7, ov, pres. part. of the deponent verb d6gl5rat, "to seek for," &c. LINE 90.'Eoraora. Consult Glossary on book ii., 170. orXeS. Compare Glossary on book iii., 113.'Ertnrpogpev, Epic and Ionic for hE7rtrpoEvat, 2 aor. int. INE 94. act. of ier-irpotruzt.'I6v, accus. sing. of 1i6, ori, 6, "an arrow." In plural, rad i.. — lProbably from iUvat, i-re.'Apoto, 2 sing. 2 aor. opt. mid. of aipw, " to lift up;" in the middle, " to lift up for one's self," " to gain," ".to win:" tut. ups: perf.'psa 1 aor. i3pa: 1 aor. mid. 7ipdla'v: 2 aor. mid Hiptp/v. Homer uses the aorists?pd/,qv and i7pdofZv indiscrimi. nately in the indicative: in the other moods he employs the latter only. The Attic poets have?Ipa'pnv alone as an indicative, giving a preference to the other moods of the same form with a, but resorting occasionally to those of p6/ij7v when a is required for the me tre. Prose writers acknowledge'p(6l7?v only, with its forms. III6t7rpwra, accus. plur. neut. of vradrrporog, taken as an',mr- 97. adverb, "first of all."-From 7ra' and Irprog0.'Ay7a2La. Consult Glossary on book i., 23. A 99 lOvra, accus. sing. 1 aor. part. pass. of datsciw, "to subdue," "to overpower:" fut. an: perf. 6idpuKca: 1 aor. itdpcaaa: 1 aor. pass. Ev56yOv. Compare the Sanscrit dam, "to be tame," the Latin dom-are, the English tame, the German zahm Hence, perhaps, also damnare, damnum, and ~S7it[a.'A2eyvctvf, gen. sing. fem. of dLeyetv6f, I, 6v, "mournful," "sad." -From &2gbyw, "to trouble one's self," "to have a care." LINE 100~'Otarevaov, I aor. inlper. act. of obiarew, ". to discharge an arrow at one."-From bcrorf, " an arrow." KvdaTiVYoto, Epic and Ionic for Kvda~t/ov, gen. sing. mase. of tidartyor, ov, "renowned," "glorious." — From K1Oio, "renown,"'glory." Art'xyevCE, Epic and Ionic for AvKcyEvei, dat. sing. mase. LiNw 10. of Av1),Yz",jC, oSC, contr. o(ic, "Lycian Lorx I" Consult xn;te IOM MElit(' - GLOSSAK Y. I.J Book 4. Line 101 110 kAvror65o, dat. sing. mas.-. of K.v6vroC5f, O, " "amous for the bow,': "renowned archer."-From Ki7vroS, i'famous," and Tr6so, "a to't ".. TJUproyovctv, gen. plur. mase. of Irpor)TovoGO, cl,; "ficrt. LINE L02' born."-From rpT7rof and y6vor, "offspring."-Ohserve the difference of meaning occasioned by change of accentuation,etween wrowrJ6/ovo~, "first-born," and rp7oroYovoC,' bringing forth'Abpovt, dat. sing. of iopcov, ovoC, "foolish," "senseless." 104. -From t, priv., and opav, " mind."'Eci2.a, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of avadeo, "to strip off,",INE 105.," to take," &c.: fut. oao.'Eviloov, accus. sing. neut. of iiEooc, ov, Epic and Ionic for evbfooc, ov.'; well-polished."-From eb and io, " to polish."'IaXaov, gen. sing. masc. of oaWof, ov, an epithet of the wild goat, or chamois, and explained as equivalent to rlM'drttc6g, odpui. rlcof, " bounding," "springing," "darting," and usually derive( froin tcaao, as if 41'a20or. Hpo6doKcftv, Epic and Ionic for rpodoica!f, dat. plur. of xINE 107. 7rpOdoo, i~, ~1, "a place where one lies in wait." —From nrpe and doicaw, "to lie in wait for " Be62gtKel, Epic and Ionic for i6eeWcKEt, the augment beLINE 108 ing dropped; 3 sing. pluperf. ind. act. of Pfi6d?, "tt. strike," " to wound:" fut. faRb): perf. Pfi627LKa: pluperf. M6e6ujicetv T'Erewe, Epic and Ionic for'vdTEroE, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. or tTrirTrr(, " to fall on or in:" fut. eCi rrooc: perf. i'7rEd7rr6tKa: 2 aor evevraov.-From'v and ritrrlr. Kipa, nom. plur. of Icpac, gen, Kiparoc, r6, "a horn."LINE 109. Observe that eicpa is contracted from cgpaa, and that this is contracted previously from KEpara. As regards the root of the word, compare the Latin cornu, English horn, Hebrew keren, &c.'EKKatdEKcd6opa, nom. plur. neut. of eKKateidcadopof, ov,, "sixteen palms long." —From icKKaidea " sixteen," and d6pov, " a palm," " a 4and's breadth." Consult note. IIEKEt., Epic and Ionic for edvieEt, the augment being dropped, 3 sing. pluperf. ind. act. of fiuw, "to produce:" fut. voiao: perf. enwKca. In the passive, u' at, " I am produced, begotten, spring up, grow," a meaning shared by the perfect, pluperfect, and second aorist active. Consult, as regards the root of this verb, the Glos wary on book i., 235. LNsE. 110'AosciTa, 1 aor. part. act cf 6aaKo, "to wonsk raw 0oo2 t 14 HOMERIn t;1,.Ob(SA, R~'. Book 4. Lize 110-117. materials,':' to work curiously," " te exercise skill upon," &e. fat. Iaw: pelf.; aclcKa: 1 aor. ija.7oa. —According to Pott, frori a'f;og, or 5ct), with a prefixed. Kepaof6o,- nom. sing. mase. of Kepao~6o~, ov,'horn-polishing" — From K pa', " a horn," and 5iw, "to polish.",HpapE, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. (like`yayov), with reduplication. from 6paplaKo (an Epic verb, strengthened upon an obsolete radi. cal form, wpo), "to adapt," "to fit:" 1 aor..Eolic,'7paa: 2 aor. i"p pov: 2 perf. reduplicated and intransitive,:with the force of 7 present, 6pypa, 1"Ifit;" with the tragedians, dpdpa. AeLtrvaf, nom. sing, masc. 1 aor. part. act., Epic and LiNE 11 1.1 Ionic for;Levao, from aEaivo, " to smooth," " to polish: Cut. -eav); 1 aor. iEX'erva.-From 2eXor, " smooth." Kiop(vyov, accus. sing. of ecop'jvr, r9,,, "any thintg hooked o0 rairved," " the tip of a bow." Consult note. Tavvaactizevof, Epic for rravvacuevoC, nom. sing. masc. I aor. part. mid. of ravyw, ", to stretch," " to bend:" fut. oo: perf. pass. rerdvvoa/at: 1 aor. mid. Eravvadciu7v. This verb rav6tw is merely itself an Epic form from recivo.-Observe that raveevr r-65ov is "to bend a bow;" but 7ajeeaOa TO 6ov, in the middle, " t send one's own bow." nOTi, Doric and Epic for wrp6o. Consult Glossary on book i., 245.'AyKlivar, Epic and Ionic for avad'iovac, nom. sing. masc. LINE 113. 1 aor. part. act. of &vai.lvOw, "to incline:" fut. tcvaK,2tv, perf. civaieattKa. ZXe~ov, Epic for EaXe0ov, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. act., and a lengthened poetic form for eoXov. (Consult Glossary on book i., 219, s. v. aXOESE.! LJINE 114..'Avacietav.. Consult Glossary on book iii., 216. BL{aOat, Epic and Ionic for pli62YaOat, perf. inf. pass. of IN 115. o, "to strike," &G. LINE 116.: vi;a, Epic and Ionic for ia4?Xa. Consult verse 105. Ildua, accus. sing. of 7rr)ua, arof, r6, " a cover," "a lid." Consult oote. "ECero, Epic and Ionic for eCiLero, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. mid. of aipiw, "to take " fut. jaco: perf. npnKpa: 2 aor. ei-t6v: 2 aor. mid. Ei26ljev.'A6;rSra, accus. sing. of 62?c, 7ro, 6, ro,,, "unshot."-From LINE 117.. - a, priv., acl.d /3P62o. Me2Laav(ov, Epic and Ionic for ue2taivov, gen. plur. fem. of F;at e~atvoa,'i.Eaav, "black," and hence, figuratively, "grievous." The genitive plural originally ended in duov, which was contracted inta w Donric, av.) In IHomer both these forms are used. The dow is &oiMERIC GLOSSARY. 715 Book 4. Line 115-125. Gmu resclved, bIy t:lu iazertion of e, into &Jv, which is genterally ironounced as one syllable. Co'sult note. EpjLa, accurs. sing. of Pp/ta, Tof, r6, "a prop," "'a cupport," and hence, figuratively, "a cause," &c. (Consult note, Usually derived from the radical EPAQ,' to support." Compare "ptteaua, from pei6o,. Nivpj, dat. sing. of vevpi,; O, a, Ionic and Epic for vevpa, 1 8., i, "a string," "a bow-string." Compare the Latin r~ervUs. fltKp6, accus. sing. mase. of 7ruKpir, f, d, "pointed," "sharp,' "keen." Hence, in general, "piercing," "pungent to the sense," "sharp to the taste," "bitter," &c. (Consulit r0-.',.) Compare, as regards the root, the English pike, peak; Latin vugo, pungo; Greek uer:.i i] &c. I E2 te, Epic and Ionic for el IeE, I sing imperf. ind. act. LINE 122. of biraK, "to draw:" fut. co: 1 aor. eDfLa; but only late, the derivative tenses being formed mostly from E;eUcJ, namely, fut. 2LK,vc-: 1 aor. ei2Kvaa, &c. r!P2vidaf, accus. plur. of y2Lvoir, id~o, a, in good authors always in the plural, y2vSbidE, the notch of the arrow, which fits on the string.-From y2;lO, " to hollow." MNepa, accus. plur. of vednpov, ov, r6, "a string," "a bow-string."' (Compare vevpq,, verse 118.) B6ota, accus. plur. reut. of POelof, a, or, "of an ox" or "oxen," especially " of ox-hide" or " ox-leather." —From PovS, " an ox." Ma,, dat. sing. of paCSof, oe, o," the breast." Of frequent LINEz 123. occurrence in Homer, who distinguishes it as a part oi the whole breast (aTipvov and orndo0). Homer has it only of men in the Iliad. The distinction of the grammarians between uadSg as the man's breast, and Paar6f the woman's, will at least apply only to late authors: the words originally differed only in dialect. Homer always uses the former; Pindar and the tragedians always the latter. iiea ev, Epic and Ionic for irriXaaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of,redrci, "to bring near to," " to cause to approach:" fut. nrAcd'a: 1 eor. Er7r~eaa.-Fronm TrEiar, " near." Kvm2or7eprc, accus. ring. neut. of Iv.orep07P, C, "C,' round. aInE 121. edl," "completely round."-From iciavOo, "a circle," and AiYFE, Epic and Ionic for EtrySe, 3 sing. 1 aor,. ind. act 125 f ZGiyvco, "to twano,:" I aor. lLtyya. Ao other part tut 716 HloMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 125-131. the 1 aor. is found. Some refer Elty:a to the verb Aiio, "' to gra..e,' ~ to wound slightly;" but;dici is only found in later authors, and bhe two verbs, moreover, seem to come from distinct roots. WTe ma3 trace?iyyo to the adverb 2iya, "loudly," " clearly," and the adjec. tive 2Lty6S, " clear," " shrill," &c.'Iuxev, 3 sing. imperf ind. act. of Mitxo, "to ring," &c.: fut. laX7ao: perf. eaxa. The general meaning of the verb is, "to cry, shout;" and, of things, "to resound," "to roar," &c. Compare book i., 482.'ATL70. Consult Glossary on book i., 532.'Ofv6eftXC, nom. sing. mase. of 06v6Se, g, C, "sharp-point LINE 126. ed." —From o6fi, " sharp," and Pia3o, "a dart," "an arrow,"' "any missile."'ErturrrvEaat, 2 aor. inf. of the middle deponent irt7rierolat, which is only found in the 2 aor. iTrerrrTltJV, and 2 aor. inf. irLt7rTieat, " to fly over," "to wing one's way." Aetcidovro, Epic reduplication for YaOovro, and this last LNE 127-. Epic and Ionic for E20Oov7o, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. mid. of AavEdvZ, "to forget:" fut. X27ao: 2 aor. C2XaOov: 2 aor. mid. E.aO66uyv. Lengthened from a root AAO-, with which compare the root lat- in the verb lateo.'Aye;%ei, nom. sing. fern. of ayee-ocS, 7, ov, Epic and Ionic for dye2'eiof, a, ov, "plundering."-From (ayco, "to lead away," and?.eta, "plunder." Some grammarians explain it as,env' iUyovaa, " leading the people," while others deduce it from ayity, "a herd," and make it mean guardian of herds. But both of these explanations are decidedly inferior. LINE 129.'E,xerevKE'S. Consult Glossary on book i., 51.'Ajuvvev, Epic and Ionic for ruvvev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of uv6.vY, "to ward off." Compare Glossary on book i., 67, s. v. /,ivaz.'EipyeE, Epic and Ionic for edpyet, 3 sing. pres. ind. act. LINE 130. of Uipyw, for eipyo, I" to keep of," " to restrain:" fut. eipS.: I aor. alpha: fut. mid. Eipjojzat: perf. pass. Eipycat, &c. The early form was lpyco: fut. Hpas: 1 aor. ipSa: 2 aor. or imperf. with aoristle fo-ce, 1Eya0ov. In reality, therefore, i.pyw marks the transition state from Iypo to eipyo. Xpo6c, heteroclite genitive of Xpctr, XporS, 6, "the surface of any body," especially of the human body; hence the "skin;" also, 4' the body itself," especially the "flesh," as opposed to the bone. (Con. sult note.) No nominative, o XFpot', Xpotc, seems to occur. ]INE 131. AerMat, 3 sing. fut. ind. mid of 2LEyw, " to lal," "t HOMERIC GLOSSARY 717 Book 4. Line 131-138. (ay to sleep:" in t.he middle, "to lay one's seJt ds,wn to %leep. Colnpare the German legen; and in the middle and passive, where it has the meaning of." to lie," &c., compare the German liegen. L'Ilvvev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of iO'Svuo, "to direct straighk 132. forward," "to guide:" fut. iOivi': 1 aor. tOn'ra. —From i6v, " straight." Zcar7por, gen. sing. of;nuarap, ipor, O, "a girdle," "a belt.' Consult note.-From cJvvvap, 4 to gird."'OX3er, nom. plur. of bxevf, eo., Ionic ocS, 6, " any thing for hold ing or fastening," " a clasp," &c.-From bOXEo, " to hold," a collat. eral form of EXxw. v.vexov, Epic and Ionic for avvelyov, 3 plur. imperf. ind. LINE 133. act. of cv-xeoCw "to hold together:" fut. ovvEw: perf,rvvEaXrca: 2 aor. avvraXov.'HvTETO, 3 sing. imperf. ind. of the middle and defective deponent mvro/at, " to meet;" only used in the present and imperfect.-From -LIE 134..'Ap21p6rT, dat. sing. masc. of piprlpd, Epic and Ionic for'papdpC, perf. act. part. of the obsolete present apGo, " to fit," &c. Compare Glossary on book iii., 331, s. v. apapviao.'E;Eoaaro, 3 sing. pluperf. ind. pass. of Lav'veo, "to drive:" LINr 135. fut. elano: perf. inlXaica: perf. pass. Ui2&altaL: pluperf. pass. 7i;lr;U'4pv, and without the superinduced augment, as in the present case, iEkX;duuv.. AatdaleoLo, Epic and Ionic for 6atLda0Eov, gen. sing. masc. of atlddaeoS, a, ov, " curiously wrought," " of ingenious workmanship." — From daidatoS, "curiously wrought," &c. Mirp7nf, gen. sing. of?irpn, vc, i, Epic and Ionic foi ia~, 137. u7rpa, ag, V, "a brazen-plated belt." Consult note.'Epveua, accus. sing. of ipvla, tro, r6, " a protection," " a guard." -From pvopoat, " to protect," " to guard."'AK6VrWv, gen. plur. of e ov, ovroS, 6, "a javelin,"' " a dart;" smaller and lighter than the IyXo. —From JdKx, "a point," "as edge." TEvro, 3 sing. imperf. ind. mid. syncopated from ipVEro, LINE 138. and this Epic and Ionic for elpdero, the augment being dropped, from ipXo), "to draw," &c.; in the middle, tpvdo/at, 4 to guard," " to watch," " to protect." Some, less:correctly, regard spvra as a pluperfect passive, with the penult lengthened. (Consull ]1uttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 105, ed. Fishlake.) Ei'a(ro, 3 sing. Epic 1 aor. mid. of ea, " to go:"' Epic fut. dest ua.. Epic' aor. mid. rEwdaLv. —From the radical It, "t o go"' 718 IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 139-143 Xpoa, hcteroclite accus. sing. of Xp6C, keni. X(pw76, ao Li~ic 139 cus. Xpvra: Epic and Ionic, gen. Xpo6d, dat..:tpo, accud Xo5a, &c., " the skin."'ESPPeev, Epic and Ionic for WEeet, 3 sing. imperf. inl. act - f iSN, "to flow:" fut. tevaojzat,; and [SviatzOae: perf. Ei A1~qa: 1 aor. pevaa. Compare Glossary on book i., 249, s. v. eevr'Q7ret2Oigr, gen. sing. of TeLtZL, 7c, a, "a wound," especially " an open wound." Among later writers it means also a wound that 7s healed over, a scar.-Probably from ovr7o, " to wound," and therefore strictly a Doric form for o6rEta7.~'EXaiavra, accus. sing. of'Xipao, arrof, 6, I. "the le. LINE 141. phant." First in Herodotus.-II. "the elephant's tusk," 1" ivory." Homer, Hesiod, and Pindar have it in this signification only, for ivory was an article of traffic long before the animal was known to Greek travelers.-Eleph, in Hebrew, is an ox. The old Latin name for the elephant was bos Lucas, because first seen in Lucania, in the army of Pyrrhus; and Pausanias (ix., 21, 2) calls a rhinoceros -ravpov A0eo7rrKtc6v, the ox or bull being in all these cases the highest standard of measurement previously known. (Compare Pott, Etym. Forsch., i., lxxxi.)'owlK-ct, dat. sing. of Ooiv:;, tcog, 6, "pur'ple," "purple-red," "crzm. son."-From Sbolvte, "a Phrenician," because the discovery and earliest use of this color was ascribed to the Phoenicians. Mt'vp, Epic and Ionic for utdcv, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Ilaivo,'to stain:" fut. utavJ:' 1 aor. ei'lva, but in Attic igciva. The original signification is, to paint over a white body with another -olor, and hence, " to stain," " to dye." Mpovio, nom. sing. of Mpvovig, idoS, 7j, " a Mzeonia.n female." LINE 142. Mmonia was the earlier name of Lydia, so that here'Maeonian" is the same as "Lydian." In a special sense, it meant i district of Lydia, lying to the east, in the direction of Mount rmolus. Kcietpa, nom. sing. of Kadepa,,, the feminine of Kcip, "a Cat;an female." It comes, in fact, however, from the stem Kaitp. —Caria was a country of Asia Minor, to;the' so ih of Lydia, from which Jt was separated by-the River M.eander. Hlap7i'ov, Epic and Ionic for ~raperov, which last is not in use, " cheek ornament." Strictly speaking, it is merely the neuter of 7rapil,. ioe, ov,."of or belonging to the cheeks," and has -ya', ya, or 0oms thing equivalent, understood.-From trapetd, " the cheek.' LIam 143.'Hpojaavro. Consult Glossarv on book iii., 318. no01ERICu GLOSSARY, 71i Book 4. Line 141-157.:rhri7eJ, nom. plur. of iTrreVSC, fo0, 6o, Epic and Ionic foi LYE 7rrr, gSo, 6,. "a charioteer," " a horseman.' Homer al ways employs this term in the setnse of "a driver of horses," " a charioteer,'" or, " the hero who fights from a car." The signification of a horseman, i. e., rider, first occurs in Herodotus.'Aya2,za, nom. sing. of (zya2ia, rTO, r6, " a treasure."-Prom &yd2L2a, "to adorn." Consult note.'E.ar7Tpt, dat. sing. of 2a7r'jp, r9por, 6, "a driver, espe. [,irz 145;P cially of horses," "a charioteer " -From 9Ei:vG, " tn drive." dN Mvdev, Epic and Ionic for itutdvOvv, the augment being 146. dropped, and this, by syncope, for lutlcdvOlaav, 3 plur. I aor. ind. pass. of tiaivo, "to stain," &c. Compare verse 141. Evoviec, Epic and Ionic for eiOvetr, nom. plur. mase. of LINE. 147. e~v0r, dg, "well-shaped," "comely," &c.-Ftom ei and.v,', "growth," "shape." Z0vpr6, nom. plur. of abvp6v, ov, r6, "an ankle." Akin to aoeipa,.oaipa, from the notion of roundness common to them all. Karatepiov, accus. sing. neut. pres. part. act. of KaraSfiwO, LINE 148. "to flow- down." Compare remarks on!flEEv, in verse 140.'OyKov,; accus. plur. of ByyorC, ov, o, originally "'a bend, LINE 151. bending, curve;" hence a hook, a barb, especially of an arrow or spear-head. Akin to ay'eKOg, yKV6Oor,& yiKrpOv, ayivpa, and the Latin uncus, anculs, angullus. "'ApoA3ov, accus. sing. neut. of &polt5oo, ov, taken as an LixE 152. adverb, " back,"' " backward." The adjective itself means properly "moving backward.' Observe that aojSbo/of is strictly a shortened form for'olp6~ooq. D)erived probably from 6cp and beSo, "toflow," &c.'AyipOt, Epic and Ionic for?iyipft, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. of ieip)Ep, " to collect," "to gather:" fut. ayeptC: 1 aor. Oyetpa.'Enrearev6Xovro, 3 plur. imperf. ind. mid. of ErLarevadX L.E 1t54.,, to groan in unison with," " to groan together with."_From r~n and arevqXu. - KaaiyvrE, voc. sing. of Kataiy7rocf, ov, 6, "a b70ther.".fxIsN 155. From Kciatf, "-a brother," and yevvio. H16 o.rjaa, nom. sing. 1 aor. part. act. of rrpotatnyf;, to LINE 156.:1poar ~aaC,'noim. sing. I p set forward," " to expose:" fut. 7rpoar7Ta, &c.-Fror rrpd rfr d larnFt. tIN 157. Hlr-oa-v, 3 plur 1 aor. ind. act. of -,war'oj, "to trampi_ 7210 HOMERItC GLOSSARY Book 4. Line 160-167. upon." fut. ijao 1 a r. Ert-r7ao'a, and Epic and Iollic, without aug ment, 7r(iTjaa.'EriveacEv, Epic for Ir';eaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of LirNi 160. E TreXO, " to bring to pass," "to accomplish:" ful. Te2Ai I aor. irXeaca. Compare Glossary on book i., 82.'OpuE, adv., "at length." Literally, "after a long time," 161 "late." Probably akin to &wrobat, 0wriaa. TeXed, 3 sing. fut. ind. act. of Tre;~2, fut. re2.owa, contracted rea3. This contracted form of the future became subsequently peculiar to the Attics.'Arirtcaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind. act. of TnrorTiv, 1" to pay back," " to pay a penalty," &c.: fut. cdToriao: 1 aor. irtrcaa.-From ar6 and rivo.;ficaLv, Epic and Ionic for aoafl, dat. plur. femrn. of ap6g, LINE 162-. ab6tv, "V his," "his own," femrn. "her," "her own:" in the plur. for mase. and femrn. "their," " their own."-From aoe, a0e,'ike Latin suns, from se. Keauictlv, Epic and Ionic for Ke ahaZaS, dat. plur. of iceaXj, iDo, i, "the head." There are dialectic forms iei6cl, tce6aA, with which compare the Sanscrit Kapala, the Latin cap-ut, Gothic haub ith, German haupt and kopf, English hood, head, as in man-hood, Godlead.'03Ai3., 3 sing. 2 perf. subj. act. of 6RA.ut, "to destrcy:' I NE 164-. fut. hOE/a'o and bAi: perf. bA6AOe/ca: 2 perf. no.Lra. In the middle, 6Av1/c1at, "I perish," "am undone." The 2 perf. belongs to the middle signification.'lAtog. Consult Glossary on book i., 71'Ip,, Epic and Ionic for lepa, nom. sing. fem. of ipo, by, Epic and Ionic for iepo6, a, 6v, "sacred."'EijizeA;i&), Epic and Ionic for E'i e62ov, gen. sing. masc. LINE 165 f E-leailCy, Epic and Ionic Eiiqe;ielAC, ov, o,'-skilled in the ashen-handled spear," "wielding a spear with tough ashen shaft."From ev and er;gia, "the ash." The gen. sing. of masculines in /71 and -ca was originally do, which was converted into o. Homer uses both firms; as, EiuVEylA;iig: gen. iiSU/eidao and EiJuteieo.'T~Yipvyo-, nom. sing. masc. of 4tipvyof, ov, " enthroned on high." Strictly referring to the rowing benches in ships, "sitting high" or "aloft on the bench," and hence figuratively applied to Jove, as sitting at the helm and guiding all things.From v/e, s" on high," and ~vy6v, " a rower's bench." ULIvE 1-'ErriCetro-tv, Epic and Tonic for e',iaebi?, 3 sing. pres HOMER C GLOSSARY. 72i Book 4. Line 167-177. rubj. act. of rrltaio, " to shake at" or " against," with thle view of striking terror.-From Ew-i and ceic, "to shake."'Epelvrv, accus. sing. fem. of tpepuvo, V, Yv, syncopated from Apnd evv6Y, 1, o, "gloomy," "dark," "black." —From'E:.e6or, a place of nether darkness, just above the still deeper Hades. Akin, prGba hly, in its root, to Hebrew Erev, or Ereb, English evening.'Ar2e1 ara. Consult Glossary on verse 26 of this booe, bINE 168. s. v. ri2exarov. L'Avara7rap, 2 sing. I aor. subj. act. of ava7riuzraLnizt, " to fill up," " tofill up the full measure of," &c.: fut. avanr;xaco: 1 aor. Avci2orXa.-From 6v6c and rr/1ir2aut, "tofill." ov 171 tov6 v, accus. sing. neut. of nrobvc&ibtof, ov, "'ety thirsty," said of ill-watered countries. (Consult note.)From 7ro2v'C and 6lpa, "thir t." MV(aovTrat, 3 plur. fut. ind. mid. of pyClv acKo, "to remind:" LINE 172. in the middle, "to remind one's self," "to bethink one'. self," " to remember:" fit. tv7lootyat, &c.'Oar1a, accus. plur. of barTov, OV, r6, "a bone." For hao LINE 174. Tea, the Attics have the contracted form -bard. Corn pare the Latin os, and the Sanscrit asthi. HIvaet, 3 sing. fut. ind. act. of rve~o, "to make rot," " to rot:" fut, iraco: i aor. Strvua. In the passive, "to become rotten,' "to rot," "to decay."-From a root n1T-, which appears in. the Sanscrit pAj, "to stink," in rrvov, nrvEo, and Latin pus, putco, putris, putridus, purulentus, &c.'Eptex, Epic and Ionic for Epei, 3 sing. fit. ind.- act. of the LINE 176. rare present aEpo, "to speak," "to declare." Consult Glossary on book i., 76.'TrceplvopEov5rev, gen. plur. of sTrepyV0opEov, ovro, 6, " haughty,"' "overbearing." The strict meaning. appears to be, "exceeding manly," but always in a bad sense.-From 9ir'p and'vopt7, " manhood," " manly strength and spirit.." 77 T46J, dat. sing. of rTfs6oc, ov, o, " a tomb," "a mound oJ earth over the ashes of the dead."-Some derive it from r "v; " to consume," " to burn," and make the primitive meaning to be, " the pcace where a body is burned;" but the root appears rathe. to be the same with that of the Latin tumeo, "to swell," and the term to refer properly to the swelling of the earth in forming the mound.'EreaOpt'cov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of ke7rtOpSeo, " to leap upon fut EiTrLtopov'at: 2 aor. rdEeopo,. -From enr aDd Pr~,P 722 10OMEI4IC GLtSSARY. Book 4. Line 177-190. KvbaXajoto, Epic and Ionic for Kvd6aijwov, gen sing. mase. ir xtWv6d24Cpor, ov, "illustrious," "noble;" a frequent epithet in lo-. mer of heroes and of whole nations.-From KVdOf, "glory," " reTecaXccre, 3 sing. zEolic 1 aor. opt. act. of rEaO i "to Bc[,Isr 178 complish," "to consummate:" fut. Eco, &c. KeWveacv, Epic and Ionic for CKetvat', dat. plur. fem. of LINE 181. Ktetvof,', 6v, Epic and Ionic for icevo6, a, 6r, "empty." XdvoC, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. act. of XdaCKCI, "to yawn," " t6 LirsE 182. open the mouth:" fut. mid. xavov/nc: 2 perf. Kitcxva: 2 aor. Txavov. The present Xav'o belongs to a later age.'EwrcOapav'vov, nom. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of E7rzdap acvo, "to encourage." —From rri and &apairvo. The Attic form is rr7Oeajhvvo. E 184. Acaao, Epic and Ionic for detliaaov, 2 sing. pres. imper. of the middle deponent decdiaoouat, "to alarm," " ta terrify:" fut. 6ddi6otaCt. Compare Glossary on book ii., 190. aIIfy7, Epic and Ionic for E7rdyv, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. pass LINE 185. of 7rCyvViut, "to fix:" fut.,r7eo: 1 aor. trw/~a: 2 aor. U.rayov: 2 aor. pass. Eri'yrlv. Compare with the root of this verb, 1IAr-, the Sanscrit parc," to tie," and the Latin pang-o (pago), pepigi. pactum; as, also, pax, paco, paciscor. - 1 Eipvdard, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. mid. of'pvro; literally, "to draw:" fut. Epv ao: in the middle, sprotuat, "to protect ~" fut. Epaopza: 1 aor. elpvraoduiv. lavaaioXof, nom. sing. masc. of 7ravaio2bof, or, "all-flexible."From iriu and ai6aof. There is no reference here, as some suppose, to any thing vari-colored, and changing quickly from shade to shade. The belt, which must go tight round the waist, is composed of parts, and very flexible; and in this case, above all others, suppleness and flexibility are essential. Consult the remarks of Buttmann, Lexil., p. 66, and the note on atioXoutrp7v, book v., 707. Zcua, nom. sing. of'iua, earo, r6, " a skirt," "a kilt' LiNv. 187. Consult note on verse 132, s. v. WarW7pog. Xa3TL7e', nom. plur. of XaJicEf, aofo, o, Epic and Ionic for xaKfter, Eo, 6, " a worker in brass;" more literally, in bronze.-From xa6gO. Consult Glossary on book i., 236. E 190 co, accus. sing. of ie2Kof, cor, r6, " a wound." Con, L04Fr. 190. pare the Latin ulcus. 1-r'p, noaO. sing. of lvrrjnp, i/po, 6o, Epic and Ionic for lariOp, ana this last a poetic form itself for larpoS, "a physician' Origlnalli l a surgeon."-From i6oual. "to heal." 1HOMIERIC GLOSSARY.' Book 4. Line 190-21 1.'EIsioaETdraL, Epic and Ionic for ei'rruiaerat, 3 sing. fut. ind of at obsolete present, ELrtqzaouat, " to handle," "to feel," &c.: fut. ins.r ucyaotiat.-From e7ri and puao/at, " to seek, touch, lay hold of." iaplealca, accus. plur. of dipsaicKov, or, Tr,' a remedy.': LINE 191. The term properly denotes any artificial means, especially for producing physical effects: hence, I. a medicines drug,'remedy, whether applied outwardly or taken inwardly; II. a poisonous drug (as Shakspeare uses drug for poison): hence a deadly,- mischievous expedient, or means; III. an enchanted potion, filter, &c.; also, a charm, spell, &c.; IV. in general, a remedy, usually metaphorically; V. a means for coloring, a dye, paint, color; VI. a stimulant to give a relish to food, a spice, a seasoning.-Akin to Oapow, "to mix," and meaning, in general terms, a mixture. IIaacrpcr, Epic and Ionic for iravanp, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of wravo, "to cause to cease:" fut. 7ra6aco: 1 aor. wravoa. In the mid. die, 7ravoltat, " to cease." LINE 196. Ei6dg5. Consult Glossary on book i., 365, s. v. eidvi, Ila7rraivov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of 7ralrrcTivw, LIUE 200. to look around" or' about:" fut. zivij: I aor. Eirrdr7T7va; in Homer always without augment.-As the word seems originally:o express a timid peep, it is probably a reduplicated form from the root IITA-, as occurring in lrrdocY6.'Aaorcardov, Epic and Ionic for'1arl-carv, gen. plur. ot LINE 201. &7a rlarUMt, o, 6o,. "shield-bearing," i. e., "a warrior."From ra7rrig, " a shield." TpiicrlS, gen. sing. of TpibK7, rC, v, Trica, or, more corn LINE 202. monly, Tricca, a city of Thessaly. (Consult note.) The prose form is TpiKK7I.'Opco, 2 sing. 2 aor. imp. mid. of opvvpt, "to arouse;" in the middle, "to arise," "to arouse one's self." Compare Glossary on book iii, 250.'AaKX7lC 7rstai, voc. sing. of'A9;vcr7yL6, 01)o, 6o, "son of JEsculapius;" a patronymic noun, from'AaK.rlort6C, "a 3sculapius." Baiv, for E6av, the augment being dropped; and this xINE~ 209. Epic and _/Eolic for E6lrrav, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. act. of paiv!-, 1"to go:" fut. P7Oaoyat: perf. f3ipel ca: 2 aor. E6pv. B~ tevog, Epic and Ionic for e6XX/,uevoc; nom. sing mase. perf. part. pass. of pcid;Z, " to wound:" fut. aar&. perf. fi2Leoca: perf. pass. /3i6?jat.'Ayrlyiparo, Epic and Ionic for iy7yrpuE'VoC aav, 3 plur. pluperf'rid. pass. of dyeipwO, "to c llect," "to gather together:" fit. ayefo 724t HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4.. Line 211-222. perf. pass. with Attic reduplication, &yiqyepyata: plupe:f. pass. d. i KviK76ae, adv. "into or in a circle," " around."-Frorn LaNE, 212. fsSIc~,ct, "a circle," with the suffix -as, denoting motion toward. Ilapiacaro, 3 sing. imperf. ind. mid. of ncTrpitarVr, "to place by the H.le of:" fut. rrapaarrcu: in the rmiddle, 7napiaraaat, "to place one's self by the side of," " to stand by," &c.'Ayev, Epic and XEolic for eayrlaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. pass. of 5y7vltt, "to break:" fut.,dwo: 1 aor. Eafa (Epic,':a): perf. Maya: 2 aor. pass. Eiyg7v.'E2 cjTvGoac, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of ic/uv, o, LINE 218 "to suck out:" fur. Vaw: I aor. feJu6v'7aa.-From tic and.uviOw, "to suck," and this from /zuvo, to make the sound D, 103, to murmur wzth closed lips; and nence to suck, from the closing of the lips therein, &c. Consult Hemsterhuis, ad Luc. Tim. 8.'"Hra, accus. plur. neut. oft Ortof, a, ov, "soft," "soothing," i" mild." In Hesiod (Theog., 407), and usually in Attic, it is merely of two terminations.-Probably to be referred to ro& ElTroc, errelyV, and indicating originally a soothing or calming, brought about by magic words and incantations. TIlaae, Epic and Ionic for nraoae, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of raoaawo, Attic rdTrro, "to sprinkle," " to strew:" fitt. riaow: perf. pass. 7r6ramza,. Xeipwv, Voro, 0, " Chiron." donsult note. CLiNE 220.'Aly0qier-vOvro, 3 plur. imperf. indic.:of the middle depo nent ad/Ciq0rvYO Iat, " to busy one's self around a person ot Yhing." —From a/ui and,irvoyat.'Edwv, Epic and zEolic for Edvaav, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. act. LINE 222. of wvj, or 6vwO, "to enter," "to put on:" fut. daro: A2 aor. ldvv. Mviaavro, Epic and. Ionic for k/vioaavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind. mid. of /tqy.VjaoKc, "to remind:" fuL. /vINw,. In the middle, " to remind one's self," "to remember," &c. Xdpvlc, gen. sing. of Xidpn7,'r,,, "battle," "fight," &c. It ocours, also, in the sense of "joy," in Pindar (01., ix., 129), and Pseudo-Phocyl., 110; and if Xap/77 be really the same word in both significations, and so belongs to the root xatpw, the signification which is historically the second must be etymologically the first: the connecting links Would then be "a shout of joy,' anmid so r" 4hwut of victory," " a battle-shout," "a oattle." HfOMERIC GLCiSSAArI.'IN Book 4. Line 223-235. Bpig'ovra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of flpir, " t LI.E 223. slumber," "to nod." "to sleep;" and, in general, "to be alfepy, slow, and heavy:" fut.,fpiSt (never fpia'p). Akin to jiptou "to be heavy." Kara7rrdaaovra, accus. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of ica. rarr6acuO, " to cower" or " crouch down'through fear" (like earawrrlalO): fut. IcTaarrrTc`. —-From Kara and 7rrcSaa, "to cower," to crouch." LEaae, Epic and Ionic for elaae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. ol wLE22 "to permit," "to let alone,"."to leave:" fut. oiao perf. Edaica: 1 aor. eaaa. L vato'uovraS', accus. plur. masc. pres. part. of lvataou, "I-t LzINE 227. snort," " to pant," lengthened, according to the Epic cus tom, from vctlvTra. —From vci&',; " to blow," " to puff." ELbpvudwv, ovro7, 6, " Eurymedon,?' son of Ptolemmus, and charioteer of Agamemrnon. lletpatdao, Epic and Doric for HecpaZdov, gen. of Hetpat6lr, ov, o,' son of Peirceus," a patronymilc nouIn, from Hleipatos, 1" Peirceus." L Haptav,X'ev, Epic, &c., for -rapiaXeZv, pres. inf. act. of?raLINE 229.. INE piX, "to hold in reaazness;' a collateral form of 7rapixo. Kr /arof, nom. sing. of iccuarof, ov, o, "weariness." —From K 230., " to labor." Her6', nom. sing. masc. of Ire(6, d 6,, "on foot."-From IXINE231. 7riSa, "the foot," a term originally Doric and Arcadian for 7rov'.'ETireirowero, 3 sing. impert. inate. mid. of lrtw7roZotjat, "to movi about among:" fut. zjaoutat. Compare book iii., 196. L roaXvarrouv, gen. plur mase. m as. of.raxrc, ov,, "with flee:INEO 2. stecds. "-From r7a:x(. "swift,' and -rrmXog.: OapvaveaKe, Epic and Ionic for bOapav'veatie, 3 sing. itera. tive imperf. of &aoavdvc. " to encourage," " to animate:' fut. apTpvbv3: I aor. E06pavva: imperf.'06cipvvov: iterative kOapv. VeovCov, &C. MeOiere, 2 plur. pres. imper. act. of uEeOf,7, " to remit, INE 234. ", to lay aside:" fut. te0riaoi: 1 aor. lueeO7ca.-From /2erd and l/jel. Oodptdof, gen. sing. of of)otr. dlne, V. " impetuous," feminine fornl of Ooipof, &c. —From Opt6aKw, &opeLv, "to leap:" also akil, to &~.'35 EV6EaIt, Epic for ~pwcvdf.., dat. plar. masc. of -mvd6r, il E 235. lying," and, as a noun, equivalent to fevo rI6 a liap Consult note P P 2 72, HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 235-243.'Apwyo'f, nom. sing. of Jpoyo6, oi, 6, "an assistant," "a helpt Skin to apwiydv, from apiyo, " to aid." LiNE 237. rIreS, nom. plur. of y4%p, yvwr6, 6, "d a vultuare."'EdovTra, 3 plur. fut. ind. mid. of E6w, " to eat," " to devour:" fut. 4d6ozat and idofizal, more rarely 6E1daw: perf. W6doiea: perf. pass diJdeauae: 1 aor. pass. i6claiOv. The root is found in all the cog nate languages: Sanscrit ad; Latin ed-o, esse; English eat and ate. German ess-en, &c. (Pott, Etymol. Forsch., ii., p. 242.) LINE 240. MLEVTraf, accus. plur. masc. pres. part. act. of /ueOiu!, "to remit," " to relax," &c. INE 241. Xo2Lc.roia0v, Ep'c and Ionic for XolRoro0, dat. plur. neut of XoOrOS,, 6v,, "angry," " wrathful."-From XoR&o, " to make angry:" in the passive and middle, I" to -be angry," &c.-From X6Rodo, "gall," "bile," but usually "bitter anger," " wrath." LINE 242.'I6Oupot, voc. plur. of 1iUpoo, ov, " braggart."-From ia, "a voice," and?opor, "raging," "furious,?' and indicative of men of big words, boasters, braggarts, &c. Some derive it from 1i6, " anr arrow," and make it signify "fighting with arrows," as opposed to IYyXeoipor, " wielding the spear;" but in 16iuwpoS the, is short, whereas in all the compounds of i6C the c is long. Oth. ers, again, deduce it from i~Uan bri rg v S 6pov,' rushing on their fate," and others from lov, " a violet," and /Spo,'"fate," as meaning " men of the destiny of a violet," i. e., short-lived; or " violet-," i. e., "darkfted." But all these etymologies are inferior to the first. Con. suit note.'E2eyXEgEe, Epic and Ionic for 2,eyxeyC, voc. piur. of`ktEyx'c, 4C, "fit subject of reproach;" more literally, " visited with reproach," i. e., shameful, cowardly. —From b'XeyXog, eo, o-6, "a reproach." 9tY6eo0e, 2 plur. pres. ind. of the deponent verb oE6oiat, " to feel ashamed." (Consult note.) The active form aolJ, fut. aodzw, is post-Homeric. LINE 243. TiaO', for riTrr' before an aspirated vowel, and this latter for r~irore, "why, then?" Compounded of the interrogative ri and the adverbial ~rorl, and answering to the Latin quid tandem?'Ear77re, Epic for airr/Tare, 2 plur. perf. ind. act. of 219V7ut, "ro place' fut. ari'aC: perf. tarr7tca, "I stand:" 2 aor. 8earsv, " I snood." (Buttvrann, Irreg. Verbs, ed. Fishlake, p. 136, seq.) TeOd77r6rec, nom. plur. perf. part. act. of rEdnrr0 a, a perfect with present signification, from a root TA@I-, of which no present is f)urd, " to be astonished," "to be astounded,"'to be amazed." Akin, ~ii, c. o9(iotL i( (-ta1. Ot9a3a, a &. H;JMTERI( GL)2s'SARY. 72' 3Book 4. Lins 242-262. N:-.,t, noni. plaur. of vetp6poeJ,o,,'the young of the deer,' a fawn." Probably from vdof, veap6g, "young," &c. Io:'or, Epic -for qroLSov, gen. sing. neut. of wo26rc, f7rc.A,.4NE 244. TroXz, "large," &c. eeovaaL nom. plur. fem. pres. part. act. of &io, "to run." Corn. pare Glossary on book ii., 183.'Earcat, 3 plur. syncopated perf: act. for Carrj7KaaL, from ir2IyT, &C. (Buttm.ann, Irreg. VerTs, p. 136, ed. Fishlake.' Ebirpvjuvot, nom. plur. fern. of evrpv/zvo, ofc,, "fair-sterned," LINI3 248. "wilh well-built poop." —From eV and 7rpiuva, "a stern" or P' poop. Ob2aCt6v, accus. sing. of ob~a,u6S, oi, o, "a throng of wai 51. rios," 2 "a band," especially in battle, or on the eve of one. In Homer always oiXaLibg 6vdpSv.-Probably from ei21eiv, as referring to dense bodies and crowds of people. Compare Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. ei2leiv, 21. Zvi, dat. sing. of acg, aoD6, 6, and I, but oftener mast 253. than fem., accus. cav, " a boar," "a sow." Compare the Latin sus, German sau, English sow, of which swine is strictly the plural.-Probably from aerzouat, accvj/at, alJuevof, and akin to hwu "to rush," from the violence and fierceness of the wild boar. EtKEOUc,. nom. sing. mase. of tbcr2oc,r ov, c, like."-From elKof,,'like." Another and more poetic form is icKE;2o. IIvE/~uraf, accus. plur. fem. of ruro~,, c,, hindmost," LINE 254. " last."-From rrvOeuv, as if for wrdz6aroc. Met2lXiOtatcv, Epic and Ionic for jtetItXiott, dat. plur. neult. LNE.256. of iEetMXtot, a, ov, and also og, ov, "bland," " soft," "gentle," "' soothing."-From tUet2daio, " to soothe," " to make gentle." Aaltr, dat. sing. of 6air, datr6t, i, "a banquet." Consull LINE 259. Glossary on book i., 424. repo'atov, accus. sing. masc. of yepoeralog, a, ov, "belonging to an elder" or " chieftain." (Consult note.) -From yipov, "an oi,4 mnan.y" 2 KipC rat, 3 plur. pres. subj. mid., and assigned to KErpdc LIE 260. " to mix," but belonging more analogically to a form dIpaluat, which, however, is not found. (But/mann, Irreg. Verbs, p 145, ed. Fishi.) Aatrp6v, accus. sing. of dactrp6v, o, o,, "an assigred por INE 262. tion." —From 6aio, " to divide," " to distribute." lTivatlv, 3 plur. pres. subj. act. of:rivu, "' to drink:" furt rriouert. and, after Aristotle r'touvna perf. r7-irdola. &e. 1shr, HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 4. Line 263-279. IIteItv, Epic and Ionic for rtElv, 2 aor. inf. xao. of irv LINE 263. " to drink." 2 pcev, Epic for opao, another Epic obrin for which is op 264 a. Consult Glossary on book iii., 250.'Ay6g, nom. sing. of acy6f, o0, 6, " a leader," " a chief." — LNrE 265. From ay&o, " to lead."'Orpvve, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of brpvo'v, " to urge on:' LINE 268. fut. BrpViv(': 1 aor. lnrpvva. Tr-O6avvog, nom. sing. mase. of yG0o6avvoC, 11, ov, " delight ed," "glad."-From y~Oor, "joy," " delight." AMivreCaa, Epic and Ionic for Alaac, dat. plur. of MAac, ad [:JNF 273. Io0, 0, "Ajax." KopvaCaaOnv, Epic and Ionic for EKopvCrOa6a 6v, 3 dual, im. LINE 274. perf. ind. mid. of Kopoaao, " to arm." Compare Glossarg on book ii., 273. NM~oS, nom. sing. of vEocg, Eoc, tr6, " a cloud," and also " a denss throng," " a cloud of men."-From the same root as vei2k/, nebula, with which compare the German Nebel, and also the Latin nubes, and the Sanscrit nabhas, "' heaven." L;co7rtei, gen. sing. of aKcoiTl, bg, il, Epic and Ionic fo; LINE 275. aKco-rlt, as,', "' a place whence one can look out," " a look out place," in Homer always a mountain-peak, or hill-top.-Frorr aio7r&o.'7lwg, gen. sing. of iw7i, A, a, "any loud sound," "the ZINE 276. roar" or "whistling of the wind." Akin to'i, " a voice," a cry," and 16. ME?6vrepov, nom. sing. neut. of pe!uavrEpog, a, or, comn. LINE 277. parative of /itaSg, " black;" comparative Le;vrTEpog: superl. yeCdavraro. Observe that the comparative establishes the original form to be ki2avS; and both tf'AjoTrov, adv., " insatiably," " incessantly;" properly the neuter of aiorocf, o0, " insatiate," " incessant." In Homer always joined with verbs expressing passion, desire, &c., especially with /ueudaat, /ue#,agS, jeuLavta. The derivation from O6Trov, " shredded linen," "lint," is very unlikely. According to Rost, it comer from the same root as pFlaa,- with a intensive or euphonic. MEfuavla, nom. sing. ofye-yua6c. Consult Glossary on'book i., 590. L Avdpoo6voto, Epic and Ionic for a&vpob6vov, gen. sing. masc. of vd6poqovog, ov,." man-slaying." —From 6'7.lp and oovedrw. Kaalyvwr7n, nom. sing. of icautyvi7r7, Wr, a, "a sister." The fern inine of Kaciyvyror. Compare Glossary on book iii., 333.'Eralpy, nom. sing. of Eraip7, 7l:, 47, Epic and Ionic form for tralpa, ac, 4,' a female companion, friiend, helper," &c. Feminine of ErapoC, Epic and Ionic for Eratpog. Compare Glossary on book i., 179.'EarTptS:e, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of arylpi[W, fut. rrvnpiea LINE 443. Epic and Doric Trsptro (K1ihner, ~ 224, 2, p. 205, Jelf) 1 aor. iar7-plaa, Epic and Doric TErpltSa. —From a root ETAwhence, also,'arTipt, &c. Ka'po, accus. sing. Consult Glossary on book ii., 259.'O1qie Lovaa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of 6bA/;. LINE 445., to increase." Compare Glossary on book i., 510. rT6vOV, accus. sing. of arovo;, ov, 6, "a groaning."-From cTrvjo,' to groan." UvvLOVTre, Epic and Attic (metri gratia) for uvto6vTre, LINE 446. nom. plur. masc. pres. part. act. of,~vletut, to go" o0 "come together," and hence "to meet."-From,rv (for avv) and /uI, "to go."''Pzvodc, acces. plur. of tr6c, o, 4o,'5, an ox-hide shild.' LINE 447 The term properly means, " tie skin c n the body of a liv, 4r4 NHOMERIC GLOSSARY,. Book 4 Line 447-452. ing person;" rarely of a dea.d one. Then, "tile hide of a beast, especially of an ox, and, finally, a shield covered -with one. Mivea, accus. plir. of ptvor, cor, TO " might," "force," &c. Con sult Glossary on book i., 103. Xa2iceo~0ptKrov, gen. plur. mase. of XaXiceo06p~7, icO, of,,, I "clad in brazen corselets," Epic and Ionic for XdateeoO. oar, aofs, o, 97. -From XdUKicog, " brazen," and Gpy:f, "a corselet," Epic and Ionic for -6tpaf.'O/l~adeo6aat, nom. plur. fern. of bl0at1ee-t, oeoaa, 6ev, "bos3ed,' " having a boss."-From OyaXo/df, "a boss." 4'Era7vro, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. pass. (Epic formation) o. LINE 449, " to bring near," " to cause to approach:" fult. ao. I aor. pass. (in Attic poetry) E1rrdxiv: 2 aor. pass. (among the Epic writers) 1ir5lruXv, regarded by Buttmann as a syncopated form from e7reti;.yv, and so, likewise, the perf. pass. ir'r2rlzyate, from rrerreiapiat. (Irreg. Verbs, p. 202, ed. Fishlake. - Compare Kiihner, ~ 301, 2, p 285, ed. Jelf.) Some, less correctly, make En7rXlj7v an Epic abbreviated fobrm of the pluperfect passive Erewrjoayv. (Carmichael, Greek Verbs, p. 230.)'Opv/jaydUi, nom. sing. of bpv/Layd6f, oi, 6, "' a din," " a loud noise," as of a throng of men fighting, working, or running about. The word seems not to have been used of loud voices, shouting, &c., but only of confused, inarticulate sounds, and hence we find it applied even to horses and dogs; as, I;,, x., 185; xvii., 741. So, again, it is employed to indicate the sound of wood-cutters (II., xvi., 633); the rattling made by throwing a bundle of wood on the ground (Od., ix., 235); the roar of a mountain-torrent (II., xxi., 256), &c. —From bp-6yo, same as 6pdC, "to howl, bellow, roarS." 0O,juwyj,, nom. sing. of ottOye' o, "?, " a wailing," &c.From ol/a6cur, "to wail." E6XcAw2. nom. sing. of evXol).e, 7?, i, "exultation," "boasting." Primitive meaning, "a vow." Compare Glossary on book i., 65. lEixev, Epic and Ionic for E'ree)v, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of Ari;o, "to be." Compare Glossary on book iii., 3.'OZEvrv45, gen. plur. of b2X;dc, pres. part. act. of 2.tv/tu, 451 to destroy:" fut. b2aEcwo: in the middle, 2Lvvyat, 1" to p.r ishk" Pres. part. pass. oba;lteevor. Xeieuakot, nom. plur. mase. of XeitaASofr ov, Epic for LINE 452.,xEtiUppoo, ov, which again is contracted by the Attics into X.Eqtdiuoov, oUV' ru',,ter-fiowing."-From XZe~!a, "winter," and bid, " to flow " '10MERIC GLOSSARY. 745 Book 4. Line 452-460.'~(t.sogi, Epic for op&ov, gen. plur. of opog, eo0,.r6, " a mountain' I;onsult remarks on page 426, Excursus iv. MLctayyKCetaL, accus. sing. of ut(ayayixeta, ag, 7y, "a place INE 453. where several mountain-glens run together and mix theny waters," ". a meeting of glens," "a common basin." —From pziayo, " to mix." and iiyKof, Eog, " a mountain-glen." Zvys6da~erov, with shortened mood-vowel (Thiersch, ~ 322, 6) for o.Vu6dX7zlrov, 3 plur. pres. subj. act. ot av/6dAw, " to cast together" Kpovvdv, gen. plur. of Kpovz'of, oV, O6, " a spring," "a wellIINE 454. head," whence the r-yaci issue. Probably akin to Kpvjr1, "' a well," "a spring." Xap6dp7C, gen. sing. of xapddp?7, r, v, Epic and Ionic for xap'd6pa, Cr,, " a ravine." (Consult note.)-From Xapdaaou, "to cut by furrows," &c., the reference being to a deep gully, rift, or ravine, cut by some impetuous mountain-stream. T/2uoiae, adv., "far away.." Literally, "to a distance." - From T7a2LoV, 1' afar." Aoihrov, accus. sing. of cov7rrof, ov, 6, " the roar." Properly,," any dead, heavy sound," especially of bodies falling or knocking against each other. Homer frequently has dovaro' eiovr-wv, "the hurtling of spears;" also of the measured tread of infantry (Od., xvi., 10); the 4um of a multitude (Od., x., 556); the roar of the sea (Od., v., 401), and, in the present instance, the roar of a mountain-torrent. It is often applied, moreover, to the din of war. Ovpeatv, Epic and Ionic for Opeatv, dat. plur. of h(poC, eof, 76, Epic and Ionic OVpof, cof, r6,' a mountain."'Iax0, nom. sing. of ia 7, "F a shouting," " a cry," LINE 456. " the shout of both the victor and the vanquished."-From "ivto, "to shout,"' &c. Kopvowrnv, accus. sing. of KopvariC, oi, O, " a helmed man," hence "an armed warrior." Also, taken as an adjective in connection.with v,7p, "helmneted."-From KooVaawo, "to helm," &c., and this from ic6pvg, "a helmet." Oawvaetdd7v, accus. sing. of the patronymic Oavaeddg?, ovE 458,, "son of Thalysius."-From OaatofS, B" Thalysius." Mer76rp, dat. sing. of uTCronov, ov, r6, "the forehead.".INEl 460. Strictly, "- the space between the eyes."-Frorn /ert and 1ibp. fIlie, Epic and Ionic for ErrfSe, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. cf nr7~yveu, "to fix:" fut. r7'5w: 1 aor. en7rlfa. IVIrace, Epic and Ionic for ier'paae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of nre oiw, "to go througrh," " to penetrate:" fut.,'epcuw, Epic and Ionic Rv R' 1 16j -flOM ERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Lzne 460-469. nepioaw: 1 aor. Ei'rpaaa, Epic and Ionic Erip7,rJa, aid, withoLt thrx augment, rip7raa. ZK6ror, nom. sing. of OK6rof, ov, 6, "darkness." Of f.e. LINE 461. quent occurrence in the Iliad, but there always of the darkness of death.-Akin to alcod, a collateral form from,rclS, "a shadow." Ki2vwePv, Epic and Ionic for EK'aevpev, 3 sing. 1 aor. in,1. act. of Kae2i1rto, " to envelop." Compare Glossary on book i., 460. "HptrE, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of EpEriwr, "to throw or LarN 46'2. dash down," "to tear down:" fut. ipEipo: but in the 2 aor.'p.t7rov, intransitive, like the passive, " to fall," " to fJl down And so, likewise, in the 2 perf. p ptrra. —Akin to piwWo. Xa2Jcd6ovrtdelC, nom. sing. of the patronymic Xa2rciS6ov TU, 464 ov, 6rLdv, or, son of Chalcedon."-From Xa2,tcc(.av, ovroV, i, " Chalcodon."'A6(ivrev, gen. plur. of'Agavrer, ov, oI, "the Abantes," a neople ol Eubea. Ae2tru!Evoc, nom. sing. masc. perf. part. from 2arl71sae, all zINE.465. old Epic perf., to strive eagerly," &c. Homer uses only the participle,. and that only in the Iliad, like an adjective.-Probably 2E2ineeuat is for a2i2i[uXlat, and hence 2e1,tL1epvof for 2iax2q7Jlcvoc, from 2matiojat. 2;. oaeee, 3 sing.,Eol. 1 aor. opt. act. of av2Lao, " to stript sINE 466. INE ff," &c.: fut. haca.'Op/, nom. sing. of 6p', 4C,, "any violent pressure mnward," "the first stir or move toward a thing," " the first start in an under taking," "an undertaking," "an attempt," &c.-From thi radical bpso, "to arouse," "to stir up."'Epov7ra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of' epvdo, "to drag away," &c.: fut. ipiaeo: 1 aor.- epvaa. i leuAvpd, accus. plur. of r5EXvp6v, OV, TOr, " a rib," but hard..INE 468. ly found save in the plural, "the ribs," "the side." —An older and poetic form of rrevp-, ef, j. K5iavret, dat. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. act. of Kvnrieo, " l" stoop:' fut. vi'Sjbw: 1 aor. Eivea.-Lengthened form from a root KTY-, and akin to cubo, cumbo, incumbo.'Ee'aacv0n, Epic lengthened form for ep(idvoV, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. of eKqaGiv., 4"1to expose to view," "to show forth:" fut. Eicavcd perf. pass. biricaalca t: 1 aor. pass. CeodavO.?v. Ovroae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind act. of omvr&o, " to twolund:" fui OLvTI j 469 o aor. or 1 ao. Honrler has hesides this a pre: H()MERIC GLOSSARY. 7 7 Book 4. Line 469-479. ent or6dto, with its aorist oVibroa, and perf. pass. obraaupab also the imperf. obraaKe, and 1 aor. o'braaaKe. uvcar7, dat. sing. of Svar6v, ob, 76, properly, " the taper, polished 8hlzft of a spear;" hence simply, like 6dpv, " a spear," " dart," " javc. lin," &c.-From a6w, "to scrape," "to polish." Airre, Epic and Ionic for Aernre, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of LIPNE 470. ~2eiro, "to leave:" fut. 2ueisb: 1 aor. Fet5Ea (only occurs in later authors): 2 aor. eAtirrov.-From the 2 aor. inf. 2erreiv comes a post-Homeric collateral form 2uzraJvw. ArJKoL, nom. plur. of 2atofr, ov, 6, "a wolf," the largest LINE 471. wild beast in Greece, and the emblem of greediness and cruelty. Compare the Latin lupus, the Greek 2'?.67r —:, the English tlwojf, Latin vulpes. The Sanscrit is varkas (compare Sabine hirpus), a-id in Sclavonic the k is retained, e. g., Russian wolk. (Winning, Comparative Etymology, p. 60.)'Edvor6cut~l ev, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of dvon'raOui~, " t. LIrNE 472. swing or fling about," "to hurl back" (consult note): fut. Sw.-Akin to doveo, as a sort of frequentative.'HiOeov, accus. sing. of V'01eog, ov, 6 (Attic contracted LINE 474. form I'Oeog), " the youth," come to manhood, but not ye: married, "a bachelor," answering to the feminine wrapOivof.-Probably another form of annyn69, and so from i56o, Cdo. Kartov~ca, nom. sing. femrn. pres. part. act. of Kcdrelut, "to LImN 475. descend," " to come down." 7OX aOetv, Epic and Ionic for bxOatc, dat. plur. of "90,,, ii, "a bank." Consult Glossary on book iii., 187. Zty6evror, gen. sing. of ZIlgoetf, O6vro7C, 6, " the Simois," a small river of Troas, rising in Mount Ida, and falling into the Scamander, or Xanth.us. TocetOalv, dat. plur. of roae~Sg, ES, 6,, "one who begets," " a Lrt 176. father," but in the plural TOKe!C, "parents." aonsult Glossary on book iii., 140, s. v. roIcDowv. K6Aieov, Epic and Ionic for EiOaX EOv (Attic iEKdovv), 3 plul 477. imperf: ind. act. of EcaAEo, ".o call:" fut. KatiGao (Attio atO): perf. cEKlica. Op=rrpa, r6, like &pe7rrr7ipta, "the returns made by children LIU,' 478. to their parents for their rearvng," " the price of early nurture." The singular oniirrpov seems not to be in use.-From TrpgE, " to nuirture." Aa.eivrt, dat. sing. 2 aor. part. pass. of 6aeueo, " to subiue.:' Li Co are 4Glossa n k. v. 9. Compare Glossar3 on L iok i., 61. s. v.. daQi. 748 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 482-488. Xayai, qdv., "on the ground," but also, likee I athe, and LiNF 482. the Latin humi, " to the ground." A.yetpog', nom. sing. of aiyetpo, ov, j, " the black?oplar," " a pop. lar." Opposed to REVty, "the white poplar." Ei'a/vp, dat. sing. of elauzev~, If, i, "a lou, moist pasture," LSNE 483. " moist grass-land." Usually derived from earat, vTrat, Otat, Vjcevoc, whence some grammarians wrote elajtev~i. Buttmann, however, connects it with an old Epic word, HION, or -O;, or -A, akin, as he supposes, to the German Aue, a tract or district of marshy or meadow land; and from which he also derives'i6etc. "Eeor, gen. sing. of kRog, eo6, -O, "a marsh," "wet, low ground,' with the collateral notion of richness and fitness for pasturago Besides the present passage, the word also occurs in II., xx., 221, and Od., xiv., 474. IIeHKyI, 3 sing. perf. subj. act. of h;~w. Compare Glossary on line X09, s. v. 7rEoict. AE4rT, Epic and Ionic for rEia, nom. sing. fem. of ArEog, 7, LINE 484. ov, Epic and Ionic for 2Ldloa, a, ov, "smooth." It probably once had the digamma e!iFot, with which compare the Latin livis ~r, as some write it, levis, and the Greek 2evpof. rTIeoaatv, 3 plur. perf. ind. act. of 5uo, Epic and Ionic for'erpKacrc,'Appzarowriy6o, nom. sing. mase. of pjcarorry6o, 6v,, "char. iot-compacting," " chariot-making."-From iiupa, "a char tOt," and 7riyvvpuz, "to fasten," &c. AiO()vt, dat. sing. masc. of aeOcwv svor, 6. Strictly, "fiery," " burn ing," said of lightning, fire, &c.; then of metals and the like, "' bright," "flashing," "' glittering."-From ao0o, " to light up," to kindite."'Irvv, accus. sing. of Zrvu, vao, 7i, "the edge or rim of a LINE 486. round body;" in Homer always "the felly" of wheels. Elsewhere, the outer edge of a shield, &c. According to some, from lUvat, "that which goes round;" but more probably connected th iria, " a wicker shield," &c. K iJuv, 3 sing. I aor. subj. act. of Kadurrwo, "to bend:" fut. Kda6w: I aor. biKa/ya. Lengthened from a root KAMII-, and akin to'Vrrwr, yauVb0.'Afo/dv7y, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. pass. of abo, "t, LINE 487. dry."'Efevdptfev, 3 sing. I aor. ir.d. act. of ifevap',o, " to slay. Strictly, however, and more commonly, "to strip or spoti i f;e:" fut. t:: 1 aor rjv~zpofa, and, without the augrient, iEvc. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 149 Book 4. Line 489-497. oita. A sirengthened fbim of Evapi~Co, " to strip or spoil," and thd latter from Evapa, "the arms, &c., of a fallen foe." AioMoO(6pn, norm. sing. of aiLo2LoO6pf, flc, dc, "active mn LINE 489. mail," said of one who moves his corselet or coat of mail easily, or moves himseltf easily in it. (Buttmann, Lexil., p. 66, ed. Fishlake.) There is no reference here, as some erroneously sup. m!ose, to any thing vari-colored. Compare Glossary on line 186, s. v. 7rcavaioJor. —From ad2wof, "movable," "nimble," and -pOepf, Epic and Ionic for OLpaS,' "a corselet.".'AK6vrLCev, Epic and Ionic for?IK6vrtaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of aciovr7io, "to hurl a javelin," and then, simply,' to hurl," with the genitive, "' to hurl at one:" fut. an: 1 aor.'K6v rtaa. — From ieWov, ovrof, " a javelin," and this from CtK7/, "a point," "' an edge."'"Aiapre, Epic and Ionic for OeaprE, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind INE 491. act. of edapradvw, " to miss:" fut.'Uapfrfaopat (ciuaprnaw only in Alexandrine Greek): 2 aor. Oizaprov, for which Homer has also itz6porov. The 1 aor. n!uciprUraa occurs only in later writers Buttmann refers dctapriYvw, with ryEipeo, to the root pyeipO, tedpoC, and assumes, as the original signification, "to be without a share' (Lexil., p. 85, not., ed. Fishlake.) Bov66va, accus. sing. of pov6ev, (voc, o, "the groin." Strictly, " a gland in the groin." Probably, quasi flop66V, any round, tumid protuberance.'ErEpace, adv., "to the other side," "in another direction." —Froin ~repog.'A-rooKraqeivozo, Epic and Ionic for aiwroKraluEvov, gen. sing. masc. 2 aor. part. mid. (with passive signification) of diroKretvw, " to slay." Compare Glossary on book iii., 375, s. v tcrapuvoto. KeiopvOtJevof, Epic and Ionic for KEKopvaUyEvoC, nom. sing mase. perf. part. pass. of copv'aao, "to arm." Properly. "to helm," " to furnish with a helmet." Compare Glossary on book iii., 18, s. v. KEgCOp)Oleva. A0o7r-t, dat. sing. of AWomp, oror, "flashing." Strictly, "fiery. looking." Said, also, of wine, "dark-red," ".sparkling." Compare book i., 462. IlTa7rrvai, nom. sing. 1 aor. part. act. of aragrraivo. Conr. LINE 497. pare Glossary on line 200, and consult note. KeKcicovro, Epic and Ionic for KeXrEdorro, and this by reduplica lior fer EiiddoVro, 3 plor. 2 aor. ind. mid of,'i,, whice. however RR 2 i(] HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 497-508. is very rarely found in the present active, and probably oIly ir composition, In the middle, XdaoIpat, "to give way," " to recoil:" fut. Xiaou!a': 1 aor. i,yaaod/nv: 2 aor. exad6ougv, reduplicated icexa J6j1iv, and Epic and Ionic IceKa6d,/Tv. Lengthened from a root XAA-. XA-, which latter appears in Xd-of, xai-vo, Xda-oKw, Latin hi. sco, hi-o, and the former in xav6-dvvo. LINE 499. N5ov, accus. sing. masc. of vi0of, 7, ov (Attic of, ov), "illegitimate," " born out of wedlock, from a slave or concubine." It occurs frequently in the Iliad, and usually in the expression v6oSo vi6o, " a natural son." Never appears in the Odyssey. The derivation of the word is uncertain; it is akin, probably, to vv6Uf, " secret," "dark," and perhaps to vl,)/O~, "dull," ", stupid," i. e., -n-ingenuous.'2icetcinv, Epic and Ionic for icKEtziD, gen. plur. fem. ol LIrNE 500. uc), (IcEEla, ICv, " swift," "fleet." K6pavv, accus. sing. of Ko'pag, Vf, i, "the side of the head,'" 502. the temple."-Akin to Kicpa, "the head." Kpordcsoto, Epic and Ionic for Kporeqoov, gen. sing. of Kp6raaboc, on, o,, "the temple of the head." Usually in the plural, "the temples." -From Kporiu, "to strike," as referring to the pulsation perceptible there. Aojrnraev, Epic and Ionic for i6odnrjaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. LImrE 504. ind. act. of dovgrwo, "to make a heavy sound:" fut. Amo: 1 0or. Mdodvrnya.-From do0b'og, with regard to which, consult Glossary an line 455.'Apa'6iae, Epic and Ionic for pd6saye, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of ipa6io, " to clang," "to ring," " to rattle."-From aipa6oS, " a clanging," "a ringinv," &c., and this derived from the sound. L 5 aidttoC, accus. sing. masc. of oaidtyuo, ov, and also r, LE 505. o,'; illustrious." In Homer never used in the feminine. -From ptow, aivro.'I0vaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind. act. of Wic0, ",to go straight on," LINE 507. " to press right onward:" fut, auc: 1 aor. 7ia0a. —Front oWve, " straight," " direct," and probably an intransitive form of 66vo. Ilep)ycuov, gen. sing. of fIlpyayor, ov, I, "Perbamus," LINE 508. LINE 508"the citadel of Troy." In later writers, as, for exanple, Euripides, usually Ti- HIpya/ca, in the plural. Akin to -ilpyog, "a tower;" the German Burg, Berg; the English -burg, -bury. - To this same- class of words belong Bpyql in Thrace, and IIdpyy in Pam. phvlia, and perhaps, also, the Celtic termination -briga, appended 11oM EIOIC d LOSSARY 75.1 Bboot 4. Line 508-515. to the names of places. Graff even adds the Sanscrit giri, " X mountain." ( 4lthochd. Spiachsch., vol. iii., col. 184.) K9eK>ero, Epic and Ionic for E'Ic;Eero: 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. of the, middle deponent Ktceojat, "to set in motion," " to urge on," "to exhort," &c. Homer usually adds the dative to the aorist, in the slgnifieition "to call," "to call to or on:" fut. Keayaomla: 2 aor. iE;KeotnppY, and without augment, ceixc2.6/tv. This aorist appears to be foriled by syncope from EKE?.'6t7f,. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 144, ed. Fishlake.) OpuvaOe, 2 plur. pres. imper. mid., of bpvvet, "to rouse.`. INE 509. Compare Glossary on book iii., 13. Elbcere, 2 plur. pres. imper. act. of EIcaO, "to yield,' "to retire from:" fut. f:o. This verb often has the digamma in Horner, so that it is well compared to the German weichen, the A nglo-Saxon vican, and perhaps the English weak. LINE Xp6, nom. sing. of XpsC, Xpeor6g, o, " the skin," " the flesh." Strictly, " the surface of any body," especially of the human body; hence the skin, and also the body itself, especially the flesh, as opposed to the bone, which usage is said to have been peculiar to the Tonians. —From Xpao, " to touch the surface of a thing;" X'pauw, Xpavw: akin to yplo, Xp1L~rrr. Ta5terTXpoa, accus. sing. of TraueoXpou, ooe, 6, i, "flesh cutting," " skinz-cutting." - From 1r-#,o6 (EraoLov), and 3Ovfa2byl, accus. sing. mase. of 9vuay7., "soul-disLINE. 513. tressing." —From &vpo6g, and aU'yEw, " to feel pain," " to be distressed." llfaoet, 3 sing. les. ind. act: of rioeacE, "to brood over." Cornm 9are Glossary on book ii., 237. Hr65;eoC, gen. sing. of 7ro.6Zt, toS, 7, poetic, and especially TLINE G514. Epic form for irc62t, tog, j7 (Attic r62eoec, and also or6Xtto in the genitive). Tpsroy0veta, nom. sing. fem. of Tptroytveta, aC, i,' the T 1 Trito-born," an epithet of Minerva, used both as a substantive and an adjective. The derivation is uncertain. Some de. duce the name from the lake Tritonis (Tptlrvi~), in Libya, near which the oldest legend represented the goddess as born. Accord ing to others, rpIn- was a B13otian, Cretan, or ZEolic woid, for ae0a.,' and'so rputoyiveea would inean "the head-born;" but the word rptr-o is itself dubious, and the legend to which it refers is certainly not earlier than Hesiod Thcog., 3J24); nay, it ldoes not appear in iti 752 HOMERIC GLOSSAR?. Book 4. Line 515-521. full foim until Stesichorus, as the scholiast on Apollomnu RhoLiuh (iv., 1310) asserts.: Others, again, interpret -rpTrcTELta "born on the thtrd day." Hence, too, the epithet rplTOrLfg given to lhe same goddess, as being produced on the third day of the month, which day, moreover, was sacred to her a+ Athens. (Welcker, Esch. Tri.. log., p. 65, note.) There appears to be in this some hidden refer ence to tne sacred number three. ~ Compare the remarks of Bahr on this number (Symbolik Mos. Cult., vol. i., p. 138, seqq.).'Aluapvyi'teeisv, accus. sing. of the patronymic'Apapvy L KE~dc, or, O, " the son of Amarynceus."-From'Aplapvy CreVf, "Amarynceus."'E*rE6daeV, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of 7reddw, "to fetter," "to shacke I:" fut. aow: 1 aor. irrw aca.-From 7rwdi, "a fetter." XepZadSi), dat. sing. of Xep/udrov, ov, or, "a stone," "a L large pebble," such as'were used for missiles. Occurs often in Homer, especially in the Iliad, and usually of great size, so that they. are often called eeydP2La, and also avJpaXO9a, i. e., as much as a man can carry. See, also, the description ofuie in book v., 302, seqq.- Not a diminutive from xpt,-dC. but p'mowrl-y a neuter from Xeppuidto~, ov, "of the kind, shape, or size of a yepuag', or stone." B)rTO, Epic and Ionic for E6?rlro, 3 sing. 2 aor. pass. (Epic for mation) of Pfia d), "to strike." (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 39, ed. Fishlake.) lovp6v, accus. sing. of apvpov, o-, ro, "the ankle." —Akin to oUrelpa, ofalpa, from the notion of roundness common to them all.'Oicpl6evrt, dat. sing. neut. of Kcpt6OEtI, 6eaaa, o6e, "rugged," " hay ing many points," "pointed." In Homer always an epithet of un hewn stone.-From 6KptC, "a point," "' prominence," &c. Opcc)v, gen. plur. of Op,-f,,wc6, 6, Epic and Ionic for LpE 519 ic Kf, ", a Thracian."'I/u6paaidrJ~, nom. sing. of'Ip6paai6tjf, ov, o, " son of Im brasus."-From'J1j6paaog, "Imbrasus." Eily7n2oM0et, 3 sing. 2 pluperf. act. of lpxopuat, Epic anad Ionic foi itilvO0et. Compare Glossary on book i., 202. T VOVTE, accus. dual of -rvwv, ovror, o. Strictly. anRy tight [IINE 521. stretched band, especially "a sinew," "a tendon.". —A'rom rsEv(, " to stretch," &c.'Avatdir, nom. sing. mase. of,Svatjck, iE, "shameless," s' I,,*4, ed," "bold," "reckless."- From a', priv., and a!dhopoate "a'i vkamne." IOMERW1 GLOSSARY. 75J3 Book 4. Line 522-531. AXptC (and, before a consonant, IXptj, arcv., "on tAe sa:, 522. face," like "a)jSu, "just touching," and then "even to tlhe outermost," "utterly." — From avpoc, "outermost," &c., as #lXpt from urycog, /uaKpo'. A7rnAloiraev, 3 sing.. aor. ind. act. of &iraXotlo, Epic and poetic obr UraXoo u; strictly,' to thresh out," and hence-" to pound, bruise, crush:" fut. nao: 1 aor. ar7?Xoiyaa. —From iiro6 and 2Xotizo for aiXodo, "' to thresh." eIIe-7caa, nom. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. act. of rreruo, LIuE 523. 5 "to stretch out," and Epic and Ionic for reridcac. Compare Glossary on book i., 480.'A7ro7rveiv, Epic and Ionic for (iTrorvCov, nom. sing. Li-,i 524. pres. part. act. of'^rowrveo, I" to breathe forth:" fut. [('rcarevow. Compare Glossary on book iii., 8..'Esredpaquev, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of erwrpEXo, " to run upon one:" fut. 17reOpi~o/ at: 2 aor. wi7rrdpapov.-From i-~i and rp'X(J. Ovra, 3 sing. of a syncopated second aorist act. of oircd, LINE 525. LIE 525. to wound:" fut. 67oo: 1 aor. ovr^laa: 2 aor. oVr-iv, ozraic nuir-d, like eKci6v, Ecrda. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 196, ed. Fishlake j'OQu0a2L6v, accus. sing. of /Oa;R6C, ou, 6, "the navel." Cormpire 6-,uoa.f6S with the Latin u-mbil-icus, the German nabel, and Sans trit nabhi.-Akin, also, to iee6uov, umbo. Xdvro, Epic and Ionic for iXvvro, 3 plur. syncopate: 2,INE 526. aor. pass. of Xo, " to pour," " to gush:" fut. XEao): p,rf. -dXVuKa: 2 aor. pass. CEX,[nv, EXvro, tXvvro. (Buttmann, Irreg. Ve Is. p. 265, ed. Fishlake.) Xod6e', nom. plur. of XoaIC, ddog, c, usually in the plural, ai;L 9~JeS, "the bowels." I~N 527. ~'E7reaaboE vov, accus. sing. masc. of iEreaa6evo', rG, rv, " rushing on," perf. part. pass. of iErtaevo, more frequertly in the passive Enrtcaeoyact, " to hurry, hasten to or toward, rush," &c.: perf. pass. iLrEaao,/at.-From inri and oedco. a* - H28. IIve/~Uovt, dat. sing. of nrvej~u/v, ovor, O (in common Attic also r-XeuIov), usually in the plural, nrve/jtovEt, "ts4 e Iungs," 5" the orgaIns of breathing." With'?he Ionic form r-XAe6. w compare the Latin pulmo.'AyXiytoXov, adv. (strictly the neuter of'yXio2Xos, o-, 529. coming near," " near."-From iy'Lt, "near," and uosk.J,,'o come.' Aivvro, 3 sing. imperf. ind. of the-defective middle depo. nent aivv,uat, "to take." UTsed crly in the present an*';nil,fee,'. witllout augment 754 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 4. Line 532-541..Arridvae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of w7rodws,': to sii if of'" L1NE ~59 fat. v'o(.-From icr6 and 6R5o. fltpiaTr7jav, Epic and Ionic for rrept&ErVav, the augment being dropped, 3 plur. 2 aor. ind. act. of repttoarTl7u, &c.'Aicp6icoyot, nom. plur. masc. of 6cip6.goySoC, C, haihLINE 533. crowned." (Consult note.)-From aKpoC, "a(lt the top," and tc6e77, " the hair of the head." Aohta', accus. plur. neut. of do2tXi6,,v,, "long."'UTaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind.. act. of 60do, "to drive,"'" o LINE 535. push," and Epic and Ionic for Eoaav, the augment being dropped. Compare Glossary on book i., 220, s. v. (aE. Xaaad',evog, Epic and Ionic for xaaCdtevog, 1 aor. part. of the midl dile deponent Xctdolat, " to retreat," "to retire:" fut. Xidaoat': I aor. ~'xaoasFmv..Aeu,.e/iX0, Epic and Ionic for re17relutiXO7, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. of nre.aieW, "to swing," "to shake:" fut.:0. In the passive, "' to 5e shaken," " to tremble," &c. In the aorist passive in Homer, al.. wavs " to be shaken," i. e., driven back.-From rduAo, "' to swing," i"o brandish," and akin to Trr6tqoC. Terda67Oy, Epic and Ionic for re-rUaO0v, 3 dual, pluperl [l~NE 536. ind. pass. of reivo, "to stretch:" fut. reev: perf. rgiraca: perf. pass. rdrea.lat: pluperf. pass. irerd/uv. Compare Glossary on book iii., 261, s. v. reevev.'E7 reni5ty, gen. plur. of'EirEtoi, 5v, ol, " the Epai," the earINE -537. liest inhabitants of Elis, and fabled to have derived their name from Epeus ('Erete6r), son of Endymion. KreIvovro, Epic and Ionic for bKreivovro, 3 plur. impert. INE 538-. ind. pass. of irTEivL, "to slay." Compare Glossary on hook i., 410, s. v. iretvoydvovg.'Ov6aaTro, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. of the middle deponent 1,11NE 539., ovopat, " to blame," " to find fault with," &c.: fit. orv6o/ua' 1 aor. vyiaOGv and hvooa6/v.-Pott compare s the Iithuanian unnliti, but thinks that there is no affinity betweer bvoyat and ovetuo~. (Etym. Forsch., i., p. 255; ii., p. 164.)'A6271ro0, nom. sing. masc. of 66grohC, ov, "unwounded from a distance." (Consult note.)-From a, priv., and'Avoi;arrc, nom. silg. of hvoOzrarof, or', " unwounded from near at kand." (Consult note.)-From ci, priv., and ohrdow, " to wound." atve voi, 3 sing. pres. opt. act. of ctveton, "to'whirl oI twirl:" in general, " to waader," " to roam or stro!'7)o1ut; fiot caw.-.- \kin to vdEm). firom dvmn, "a vwhirling."' &. hIOMERIC GLOSSARY. 755 Book 4. Line 542-544. Book 5. Line 2-6'Aw'epiKot, 3 sing. pres. opt. act. of 7rEplicw, " t1 wara Li~,K 542. 4 ff," ". to keep away:" fut. S.a-FrDm iar6o and EpV/IcL, "to,heck," "1 to keep back."'Epltv, accus. sing. of epic, d), 3, " any quick, violent motion," In Homer especially said of the rash of a spear. Compare Glossar3 on book iii., 62. Tdravro, Epic and Ionic for -E~gravro, 3 plur. pluperf. ind. lLi- 544. pass. of revO, "to stretch." Compare Glossary on line 436, S.'7. -TeridiS V. BOOK V. OapaoS, accus. sing. of Ocipaog, Eor, "r, "daring" (in new LINF 2. Attic, 6,5/5of). The German Trotz is, perhaps, akin in root; but certainly the English dare. Aare, Epic and Ionic for Wdate, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of LINE 4. 3dal, " to light up," "to kindle:" fut. ao. Compare Glossary on book ii., 93.'AKduarov, accus. sing. neut. of ecuUarog, ov, " untiring,"' "unwearied."-From ei, priv., and Kcdtaro, "toil," and this from KU/LoJ, ", to toil."'AarTpt, dat. sing. of JcT2rp, Epor, ", "a star." The a is LINE 5. euphonic, as in iarpov, astrum. Compare the English star, and German Stern.'O07roptv, dat. sing. of &r&oplv5o, iy, 6v, " of or belonging to sumtner."-From obrrdcpa, with regard to which, consult note.'Eva2iyKitop, accus. sing. neut. -of eva2,iycCto,.ov (and in Apoll. Rhod., 7, ov), "like." —From Ev and (ytLyKlof, "like," the derivation of-which is uncertain; perhaps akin to`}tef, ijtucog, "of the same age,' -' like." LIN IaoaEvoe, Epic and Ionic for irazoatviv, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. of rra/zCaivw, " to shine in every direction." Some read rarqaivcat, which will the n be the 3 sing. pres. ind. act. of iraupalvuLt, but Thicrsch (Q 346, 5, 6) and Buttmann (Q 106, 10) agree with Spitzner in retaining the ~ subscript, and rraytqaivyct must then be regarded as a freer use of the subjunctive.-From Trrv and paivo. Aevovlpvog, nom. sing. masc. perf. part. pass. of Xosod, "to bathe,' "to lave:" fut. oo. Observe that 26ooW is, in fact, contracted froln kogo, from which old verb we have still several tenses remaining in tlomer, such as?oEocraa, XoEcoaa, &c. —Akin t( the Latin luo, di.!*p0, I,?0. /Oqo2 750 HOMERIC (GIJOSSARY. Book 5. Line 8-23. KJovIov7c, Epic and Ionic for E'c2ovEovro,? plur. imperl ind. pass. of i2l6ves. Compare Glossary on book iv., 301'AbVE6c, nom. sing. mase. of c'lvec6f, 6v (and ~, 6v), " rich' LINE "wealthy." Buttmann regards w'veLo' as a lengtheped form of an adjective 6vvPg, eta, v, and this last as an old aibe.vi. ation of c00ovon. (Lexil., p. 178, ed. Fishlake.)'Ipegs, Oiof, 6, Epic and Ionic for iepEVA, of*, 6,' friest.-' — NE 10. From iep6c, "sacred." Tfdeg, Epic and Ionic for viee, nom. plur. of vlevd, gen freo, &X., "a son." ~HaorTv, Epic for Ti-/v, 3 dual imperf. ind. act. of eyieu,' a h." E11 6re, nom. dual of eids6, eLdvta, Eid6r, perf. past. ahd asLINE 11. signed to oida, "I know." Taken here as an aajective "skilled in," " acquainted with."'Arroxptve6vre, Epic, Doric, and 2Eolic for i'irOKpLOe.1vI LINE 12. nom. dual 1 aor. part. pass. of diroKptvo, " to separate;' rut 7rrOKPivS: 1 aor. act. z7rdKpizva: I aor. pass. 6treKrpO'v: 1 aoz part. pass. lZ}roxp.TOe6.'Evavrio, nomr. dual masc. of ivavrioc, a, or, " over against," "full zgainst," &c.-From iv and avriog. "INrErollv, Epic and Ionic for'srrotv, gen. dual of rVnroi, oV ILINE 13. 6, "a horse." Compare Glossary on book i., 154. Tvdcidew, Epic and Ionic for TvdEidov, gen. sing. of TvoetE INE 16.d OV, 6,," Tydides."'Aptarep6v, accus. sing. masc. of aptarep6,, 6v,, "the left." As regards the derivation, consult Donaldson's New Cratylus, p. 204, n.'ACWK17. nom. sing. of (oLOne7, #C, "i, "a point," " an edge."-From,i$O, "' a point," "an edge."'EKpvyc, Epic and Ionic for ei'pvye, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act i.INe 18. of EtECoeyu), " tofly forth." Me-raLditov, accus. sing. neut. of uerau6i'of, byv, " betweea NE 19. the paps," said especially of a man.-From eT4rd and pua6c,' te breast."'Ar6povae, Epic and Ionic for awrrpovae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. lI4En 20. act. of i7ropoico, "to rush off:" fut. an: 1 aor. 5,rdtpov7a. — From dro6 and bpor;o, " to rush." Compare Glossary on book ii., 310. L 2 ae, Epic and Ionic for ledoae, 3 sing. I aor. inu. act TLM.x 23. of aa6w, "to save:" fut. aa6aw: I aor. Eadcia. The pres ent is not found in H)mer, except in the contracted form arm... From aioe, ar C, "safe;' nIOMERIC GLOSSARI. 75 lBook 5. Line 24-36.'A, XY~7)UEvog, nolt. sing. of dceca~/evor, X, ov. pert. part bll~. 24. pas;. of the radiocal verb uX0; o distress:" perf. pass fIIyXv, adv., " utterly," " altogether." -onic, poetic, and especial ly Epic, for 7r(vv.-From 7rtiv. Tie, accus. dual of vif, gen. viog, "a son." (Anthon's Neuw LINE 27. Greek Gr., p. 122.) Observe that vie here is distinguished by its accent from vtE, the vocative singular of v~6c.'A:EevUtevov, accus. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. mid. of aL2v6u (rarely found in the active): in the middle, AEv'opat; " te keep away," " to remove:" 1 aor.'i2EviugYv. Observe that dciaec is, in fact, only another form for ei2'o, the v representing the digam. ma; as in 6evoluat for S6opaet.'Opiv6Ol, Epic and Ionic for aptiv07, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass [aIIE 29. of opivo, " to arouse." Compare Glossary on book ii., 142. L Oopov, accus. sing. masc. of 4oopor, ov (feminine form, LINE 30. Doip tf, 0lof), " impetuous," &c.-From Op(Jatc, -opeiv, " tA -* tp," 1 to rush." LINE 31. TAopeC, voc. sing. of'Ap?, eog, 6, " Mars," the god of war Bporo?.oty6, voc. sing. masc. of /fporo72oyow6, 6v, "man-slaying" -From /Ppor6, " mortal," and?toiyof,'?ruin," "death." Mltat6ve, voc. sing. masc. of jtatlp6voC, ov, " blood-stained." — From jtcaivo, " to stain," and qp6vof, "slaughter." TeLxeal7r-7rTa, voc. sing. of TetXEtat-,rr ov, or, "approacher of walls," "stormer of cities."-From reXOg and red.6a, "to approach." Mdpvaa6at, pres. inf. mid. of fdpvajat, " to contend:" pres. LINE 33. and imperfect (i/eapv6ctuv) like ia9rapat.'Opik,, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of bpiyo, "to reach out," "to ex. bend," "to bestow:" fut. f:t. Compare Glossary on book i., 351, s. D. OpeyvV'. Xa;'ueca0a, Epic and poetic for Xa'6UEcOa, 1 plur. pres. IaNE 34. subj. mid. of Xaci: in the middle, XdLo/qat, "to retire.7" C.ompare Glossary on book iv., 497, s. v. cKEcC6ov7o.'A72eiuEOa, I plur. pres. subj. of the middle deponent de'o/uat, "' to Joid," 1 "to shun." Compare Glossary on line 28, s. v. afkevdquevov. KaeOcaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. from a present KaWec;, which is not used: "I made to sit down," " I seated.',Xmtnpare Glossary on book i., 311, s. v. eloev. The deficient lenses are supplied from cKaOzdp6o.'Hi6Zevr, dat. sing, of i'6ef, 6Ecaa, 6v, "g rassy." (Consult note.' -tluttmann, following the analogy of other adjectivee in 6eLc, de 758 IIOMERI; GIeOSSARY. Book 5. Line 36-50. rives it from an old noun, HION, or -O0;, or -A, from which bie at;1: proposes to deduce eto(iv71. Compare Glossary on book iv., 483. ZicaydvdpQw, dat. sing. of ZKdlavdpog, ov, b, " the Scamander," the'amous river of Troy, called Scamander by men, but Xanthus by the gods (II., xx., 74), and now the Boundbashi. Consult note on book ii., 465.,'Ectvav, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind. act. of tic2rvo, "to bend," "to LINE 37. make to give way:" fut. icrvC: 1 aor. i2cliva. Compare Glossary on book iii., 360, s. v. EicavO7y.'AJtct6vov, gen. plur. of'AXt36v, bvoC, 6, " a Halizonian;" in the plural,'ASt;3vE wv, ol, " the Halizonians," a people of Bithynia, at the western extremity, boidering on Mysia, and whose territory extended to the shore of the Propontis and Sinus Cianus. They were neighbors of the Paphlagonians. (II., ii., 856.) They must not be confounded with the'A?~aCSvec, a nomadic people of Scythia. Meaooyyf, Epic and poetic for tFeaImydg (before a consoLINt. 41. nant, pueaoyvu, adv., " in the middle of,"." between." —From iao!S. YT56CrOea V, Epic for 9or7On v, gen. plur. of ar6Oof, eof, T-6, d"t.c,reast." Consult Excurs. iv., p. 426.'E2naacv, Epic and Ionic for >2.aaev, 3 sing. 1 aor, ind. act. of iVRav'vo, " to drive:" fut. ei2'o~w: 1 aor. U;taca.'Ev5paro, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. mid. of Evaip(o, "to slay," " to LINE 43. kill:" fut. Eivapc6: 2 aor. 7Ovdpov: 1 aor. mid.'vypdjotlv. — No compound of atpwo, but derived from Evepot, and akin to Evapa, Ivapi'o, and so, strictly, " to send to the other world.' AovptXVTOr6f, nom. sing. masc. )f 6oUptKAvr6,, 6v, LINE 45. "famed for the spear."-From 66pv and KvrTOg6. NMe, Epic and Ionic for ivvfE, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of LTiNE 46. v E46 i, "to pierce;" strictly, "to touch with a shlarp point," I"f'o prick:" fut. 5o: 1 aor. EvvSa.'EOatevov, 3 plur. imperf. ind. act. of 7v;2evcw, "to despoil," especially of arms: fut. ao. A collateral form of av2iMo. TFrom acLov, oaVl, "spoils," "booty," &c, Au4ova, accus. sing. of a'itILv, ovog, 6,, "clever," "skillfu l." — According to Hermann, firom daao, who gives it, however, the meaning of" eager." O3pojg, Epic and Ionic for 9j)par, gen. sing. of 49ipa, -,, Epic and Ionic tOpy, Tf7, 7/, "a huntinz( of wild b,;asts," " the chase." —From B&p, gen. d9 p6c, "a wild beast." LINE. 50 O.i)0vrzt, dat. sing. ne;t. c',~voetcz. 6Oeasa, &6Ev, ".sh' P HoMERIC GLOSSARY. 59 Book 5. Line 51-61. jaivtei,," "shlrp." —Equivalent to osc, and (Plived i orm it, Fu. other explanations, consult note. 071py7ripa, accus. sing. of OCpqrpljp, 7poo, 6, Epic and Ionic LINE 51term for Olpar5, o0,, ", "a hunter." - From an7pi', Epic, [anic, and Doric for lnpdro, "to hunt."'ApTreut, nom. sing. of'Apreilr, t0o0, a1, "Arlemis," the Roman "Diana," goddess of the chase, daughter of Jupiter and Latona,; and sister of Apollo.-Derivation uncertain. Donaldson finds in it the Scythian adpa (ara), "a virgin," mentioned in the tract about rivers, printed among Plutarch's fragments, where cdpdia is mentioned as equivalent to ptaoirdpOevog, the termination 5a, "to hate," being akin to the German scheu. With YAp-relFt we may also compare the Etruscan Ari-timi-s. (Varronianus, p. 39.) Xpaelrae, Epic and Ionic for cgpataLe, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. 53act. assigned to xpatalgou, "to prove of avail." Compare Glossary on book i., 28, s. v. xpaiocu.'Ioxiatpa, nom. sing. fem., and a frequent epithet of Artemis or Diana in Homer: " she who delights in arrows," "the arrow-queen." -From 16C, " an arrow," and xaipo, 1" to rejoice."'Etc)6oiXal, non. plur. of 6e6ot)ia, ag, a, " skill in shooting LINE 54. afar."-From i.dS, " afar," and P/32cro.'EKaearro, 3 sing. pluperf: ind. pass. of icaivv/at, a verb without future and aorist; "to surpass," "to excel:" perf. Eticaacal: pih. perf. iKEKea/evv.-Though so like eKaivo in form, it seems rather to belong to a root KAZ-, which appears in the perf. and pluperfect. AovptlEae6tc, nomr. sing. masc. of dovpLc2etrT6g, 5v, "famed LINE 55: for the spear." Compare dovp11c2vrof, line 45.-From d6pv and bee7Or69, "famed' "renowned," and this last from tKieid, " to make famous," &c. OiNraae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of ov'r&oJ, " to wound:' fut. o'rdcar:o 1 aor. oiraoa Observe that otrda', is a colLateral form of ovrcad, fut. aCUo.'Appovie&r, Epic and Ionic for'Apwovidov, gen. sing. of INE 60.'Apjaov[7yl, or 6,, "Harmonides."'Eriararo, Epic and Ionic for jrriararo, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of Enraraeate, " to know." Compare Glossary on book iv., 404. Aaidaaa, accus. plur. neut. of daida2or, n7, or, "ingenious," "cunsingly or csr-iously wrought." Probably from a root AA-, by redu. plication. Compare the radical dda, "to teach," "to learn;" and the English Cunning, from to ken. TINE 61.'Eii 7,T'J, 3 sing. 1 aot. ind. mid. assigned to t0.iEo a. 7 tjO AMEliLc GIOSSARY. Book 5. Line 62-72. an Epic form, and hlavi.g the samu signification as the actlve aorist E0qoiaa. In reality, however, it is formed fircm the stem of.lAt&w, and it differs from it likewise in having the t iong. (Butt mtno, Irreg. Verbs, p. 257, ed. Fishlake.) TEKrivaro, Epic and Ionic for breKev7vaTo, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. of the middle deponent reiraivoyat, "to build," "to 1:onstruct." Properly, " to work as a TrKT6)V, or carpenter," but more usually in the transitive signification first given.'ApxeK6icovc, accus. plur. fem. of C&pXeKaKv, Ov, o" source oJ LINE 63. ill," " breeding mischief."-From iipXo and icac6o. 6 Ogaara, accus. plur. of &9cnparov, ov, -ro, "a divine decree," LINE 64.," an or acle." Properly an adjective, iato0aroS, ov, " spoken 1by God," and so " decreed," " appointed," "destined."-From fr,6 and Ka-rTeiaprre, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of icaratdp7rrco, "to overtake." Properly " to grasp," "to catch hold of:" fut.po.-Frorn Kard and tdprirro, "to seize," which last is akin to iipnrT, dporenc, &c. rxovrov, accus. sing. of ya7ovTof, oS, o, "the buttock." In LiMEv 66. later Greek its place is supplied by nrvy'. —Akin to cd6PwS, Kaovvtc, the os sacrurn. (Benfey, Wurzellex., vol. ii., p. 170.) KvarIv, accus. sing. of KICVor, EOS and toc, h, " he bladder." LTINE, 67. LINE 67. -From KVO, " to hold." rv65, adv., " on bended knee."-From y6vv,'.he knee," as IE 68 if written originally y6vvf. TEptrre, Epic and Ionic for pvl7re. Consult Glos try on book iv., 462. Oiu6taS', nom. sing. masc. I aor. part. act. of o0lpuJ, "to grtoan," &c.: fut. folat': 1 aor. 4towa. The future olttiujU occurs only in the Sibylline oracles. The aorist t(,yuoa is the only tense used by Homer.-From oioct, like o0(t from ot, aciSdu from ac, ~e5'o from ief, and many other Greek verbs formed from natural sounds: so the German ichzen from ach! II.vcKa, adv., "carefully." Poetic form; frOm 7rVK6oC, and xINF, 70. equivalent to 7rvKtvC)C or iwyeltS~. Xaptol/tvVl, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. of t,6 middle de. LINE 71. ponent XapCSopaot, "to gratify:" fut. iaoo. (At.ti; toiueact) I aor. txapta6polv.-From Xacpgt, "a favor," &c. LIE 72. vEid, nom. sing. of 4vYuei3lq, ov, 6,' son of Phylevar,' a patronymi appellation of Meges.-FrL m'tREVC, 9,tw " PAW2eus " HOMERIC GLOSS ARY. In B.owk 5. Line 73-86.'Ivwov, accus. sing. of iviov1,ov, Tr, "the sinews betlwen tla LINE 73. occiput and the back;" in general, however, " the back oJ mne head," " the na e of the neck."-From i~, ivo6, u, "nt ee,"'force," &c. Tiue, Epic and Ionic for irauE, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. asi. ol Lznz 74, L t v rvc (Ionic r6i/iJCo), "to cut:" fut. ret'u: 2 aor. iT(.Lov'; perf. riEi7yvKa. Lengthened from a root TEM-, TAM-.'E'rvKto, 3 sing. -pluperf. indic. pass. of re6X c, " to make," LrIN 78. &c.: fut. J: 1 aor. Eirevi a: perf. pass. r-rvyleae: pluperf. pass. eTer7yLu)v.-.-Near]y akin to TvyXaivo, the notion implied in which has grown out of the perf. pass. of reXO): hence, in Epic, the passive forms rirvyyact, ireru'yjyv, EriVXOv, are substantially the same with TvyXtvro; T.rvXov: and the active perfect -rirevxa, when used intransitively, is used exactly like rvyXdvo: farther, rerxelv is manifestly akin to rcKru, German zeugen, &c. TIETO, Epic and Ionic for rieTro, 3 sing. imperf. ind. pass. of rio, "' to honor." E 0. Merapoudqiv, adv., "Iru.nning after," "following close upon." —From eercap6,uofg, "running after," and this from uera and rpiXw, dpatc ev.'ESeae, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of 59o, "to Iop off," &c. fut. Sdw': 1 aor. Efeaa. The same root appears in CNaive, fbvw, and the Latin scalpo, sculpo.'Oaae, accus. dual, from a supposed nominative 6aao~, eot, LINE 82. LIN 82r6, "an eye." Compare Glossary on book i., 104. Kparatu, nom. sing. fem. of tcparati, i,, v, Epic and LINE 83. Ionic for cparato6, d, 6,, powerful," "mighty." Poetic for the usual cparep6c. —From Kcpdroc, "power," "'strength." HovE'ovro Epic and Ionic for Errovfovro, 3 plur. imperf. inLINE 84. die. of the middle deponent 7rove'olat, " to toil," " to labor." In early Greek this deponent alone appears; in later Greek the form rroviw takes its place. IIoriEpotwa, Epic and Ionic for 7roTrpotr, dat. plur. of,r6OEULN 85. pOp, a; ov, "whether of the two." In Homer it occurs only once, namely, in the present passage, and here in an indirect ques. tion, like or6rEpo..- -Formed by contraction from erEpor, and the root'roS, "who?" &c. Merei, 3 sing. pres. opt. of a/reqt,, "to be with," "to belong," &6'OpuOEot, Epic and Ionic for 6,ut2o', 3 sing. pres. opt. ace LUNE 86. of 6/etvoo, "to keep company with," " to assocate wit;i "a 6 Waoe. —From luteaa:, " a crowdu " " a throng," &c. Ss s2 T62 ~tHOMERIC GLOSRARY. Book 5. Line 87-92. Oujvc, Epic and Tonic for WOvve, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act of I iv 87, "to move rapidly to and fro," "to rush.'-Akin tc "Oo,'-; o rush." 1IlB0ovrr, dat. sing. pres. part. act. of 7rrOu0, "to be or become. full." Only found in the present and imperfect, and in the poetic perfect sreg-rOa, with present signification. The transitive aorist 17r2naa belongs to v7r1t'7 r2a. Observe that -r2a7'O is never transitive, and only late writers use the middle voice.'EicExaase, Epic and Ionic for tledaar, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind_ act. of ce6iavvvtxe, "to scatter:" fut. itcddao: 1 aor. d-KE6aav Observe that cdE6vvv/u is merely a poetic form for acKE6dvvVt.'Eepy#Uvat, nomr. plur. fem. of kepyteivo, 77, ov, Epic and Ionic for eipy/evof, perf. part. pass. of'epyu or epyw (the former more usual in Homer, but the latter the earlier of the two), for which the Attips employ eipyo, " to fence in," " to secure," &c.: fut. ipS:: perf. pass. 1epypac: Attic eipypai. —Akin to arceo; hence epoy/a, tpecof, &c. Observe that the Attics employ both edpyo and,epywo, and that, according to Buttmann, they probably distinguish ed between the signification of these two verbs by means of the rough breathing, ei'pyo being " to shut in," and eipyc " to shut out."'lcGavcwatv, Epic lengthened form for laxavr-acv, 3 plur. pres. ind. act. of it'Xav&d, "to hold back," " to restraiz:" fut.'ac. —An Epic lengthened collateral form of tiX6. Iax et, 3 sing. pres. ind. act. of iaxo, "to hold in check," LINE 90 to check," &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 214, s. v iaXeo.'A;oiauv, Epic and Ionic for a2LuOvv, gen. plur. of aXow7, 0f, r, "a'hreshing,-foor," " any leveled plot of ground," sown or planted, &c. Observe that upotn itself is an Epic and poetic term for the Attic'Eptezl>nv, Epic and Ionic for ipptOy)Liiv, gen. plur. fem. of tpeOy6ic, e "very blooming," "richly blooming." —From'pL-, " very," and'cNXd22 to bloom."'Efawrivrc, adv., softer form for Ei'aibvnC, "on a sudden,' IE. 91.," suddenly." Found not only in Homer and Herodotus. but frequently in Attic prose.'ETvC6piap, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of irrt6piO, " to be heavy upon," "zo fall heavily upon:" fut. ca: 1 aor. vr6e6ptaa.-From erre and p'IBo, " to be heavy." LINE 92. Karvptu. e, 3:ing. 2 aor. ind. act. of ecarepetvrc, " to cast nm throwa down." In the secor d aor;st, raTrptrov, and second per TOMERIC GLOSSARY. 763 Book 5. Line 92-109. 4,.t t(e, rEpiptlX a, intransitive, "to fall down." Compare Glossary os 0ooh: iv., 462. M[uvov, Epic and Ionic for ietuvov, 3 plur. imperf. ind. act. [INE 94, of Gzui'O, " to wait for," " to remain." Compare GlossarN on book ii., 296.'ErT9raivero, 3 sing. imperf. ind. mid. G f Ttraivu, " to stretch," "to draw." Compare Glossary on book ii., 390.'Earaiaaovra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of iraoaw, LINE 9S.C; "to rush on." Compare Glossary on book ii., 146. rvaaov, accus. sing. of yva2ov, ov, r6, " a hollow," " a coa LINE 99. ivy." (Consult note.)-Akin, perhaps, to,coixor.'Eirraro, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. of the middle deponent 7r7ropLat, "to fly:" fut. 7rrcTao/jat (in Attic prose usually shortened 7rroopat): syncopated 2 aor. Etrr6tz)v, but frequently, also, Errd/rlv. In later prose a present,'irra/atl, occurs. The original signification is "to spread the wings to fly," and the verb is akin to werdvvvyut, " to expand," " to spread." AtcYXe, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of tiXw, " to hold on one a way:" fut. f:i, &c. THa2a'oero, Epic and Ionic for Eiraua6roero, 3 sing. imperf. ind pass. of rra2LSUcra, "to sprinkle:" fut. S,: perf. pass. 7re7rd2aayfat.From.r62.wuu, "to shake." Bi6eQrrat, 3 sing. perf. ind. pass. of id'oa, "to strike,' LINE 103. LINE 103. to wound,' &c.'AvcrxaeaOat, Epic and Ionic for advaqXraeaOat, fut. inf. IINE 104. mid. of a''ixbo,'; to hold up against," " to endure."'A7ropvdtevov, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. mid. of dzropINE 10, " to set in motion," " to arouse:" in the middle, " to t one's self in motion," " to hasten away from:" fut. dtr6pao. Observe that awr6pvvyut is a poetic form for 6~op/uao. E 106. Aaaev, Epic and Ionic for Idd/uaaev, 3: sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of daysdc, " to subduc." Compare Glossary on book i., 61.'Oxieaqtv, Epic and Ionic for ~Xeuo, gen. plur. of IXog, eor r06,' a chariot." LINE 109.'Opao. Consult Glossary on book iii., 250, s. v. 6paeo HIirrov, voc. sing. of rimrwv, or, gen. ovor, "kind." In. book ii 235, it has the signification of "faint-hearted." Compare Glossary ad loc. Kawravwyidd7, voc. sing. of Kairavlyddy, ov, o, " son of Capaneuva'. —From Kaz..ave:, Ocr',. " Ca aneus." U761 IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 109-129. Kara6ejro, Epic and Ionic for Kara6qaov, 2 sing. 2 ao.s. i npe# Inid. of icaTa6aivo, "to come down," "to descend:" fut. Kcara~aozat: 2 aor. mid. KaTe67ta6yliv; with regard to whi-lh formation, consul1 Glossary on book i., 428, s. v. r'e6lOaero.'EpdOayc, Epic and Ionic for'pa~,, 2 sing. 1 aer. subj. LNE. 110. act. of ipdo, " to draw:" fut. Caw, &c. Atampi epig, adv., 1 "quite through," " through and throzugh." LINE 112. Probably for 6tava7repif. ZTpeTr7oto, Epic and Ionic for arpe7r.r-o, gen. sing. masc. LINE 113. of arperTOS,,,, "twisted."-From a-rpbwo. N i~at, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. mid. assigned to ft2.iw, as an Epic rorm, and having the same signification as the active aorist imp'jr. 0i0?2aov. Compare Glossary on line 61, s. v. E i.a0ro.,W0 voo, nom. sing. masc. 2 aor. part. mid. of c6Odvs, LINE 119.'"t. be beforehand with," "to anticipate:" fut. 6ijcwouat. later, also, {idFw: 2 aor. E00nv: 2 aor. mid. ~0t6CLvry.'E7re6xerae, 3 sing. pres. ind. of the middle deponent EirevXo~jat. "to exult at any thing," &c.'OpeaOat, fut mil mid. assigned to opad, "to see:" fut L INE 120. V 1pouaLt, &c.'ES;aopd, accus. plur. neut. of 8;[aop6f, c,, ov, "light," LINE 122. "active."-Observe that, according to some etymologists, — 3?.b-p6i is the Latin lev.-is, with e euphonic. It may more safely te pronounced akin to t;aboSr, "a deer." Oaprrdv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part.. act. of Oapic, "to LINE 124. take courage:" fut.'a). Compare Glossary on book i., 85.'Arpo!iov, accus. sing. neut. of drpo/uoS, ov, "fearless," "intrepid." —From c, priv., and trpitc, "to tremble." _alc.arraRog, nom. sing. masc. of aaiclarraor,o ov, 4"shield-sha,. king," "skield-brandishing." —From adiKo, "a shield," and -rrdtw, "to brandish."'AXXvv, accus. sing. of aixvrc, v-of,?', " a mist," " a cloud," L:NE 127. and hence "gloom," "darkness."-The Sanscrit for "a cloud" is valdhaka. If we regard aka as a mere suffix, which is commonly the case, we have valdh remaining, with which vwi may compare the old high German Wolch, the later German Wcklie, and also the Greek JXy2v-m, or, with the digamma, Fax;U-gs.'Erriev, Epic for Eirryv, 3 sing. imperfL ind. act. of 1reItyU. IHetpr/evoS, nom. sing. masc. pres. part mid. {t. xetphta, Ers 129. "to make trial of." Compare Glossary (n book i..c, HOTMESiI GlVLUS ARY. 7ff Book 5. Line 132-141. "Eo0gcat, Epic and ionic for 3290, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. brNE 132. of EpXotiat. Ovrdtiev, Epic for oiradv, rres. inf. act. of oVrdwo, "to wound." — Observe that obvziuev itself is shortened from ovTaluevat, the Epic Doric, and AEolic form.'EdtXOiq, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. of jayeo,' ito minzle.' LIN: 134. Compare Glossary on book ii., 475, s. v. it)yEwaev.'Ayp,, dat. sing. of aypo', oO, o,'a field," "land," lso LINE 137. " the country," as opposed to the town. —Compare the Latin ager and German acker. EipoTr6Kof, dat. plur. of elpozroisog, ov, "woolfleeced," "fleecy." — From EldpOf, "wool," and r6icoS, "a fleece."'OieaaMv, Epic and Ionic for oito, dat. plur. of igf, oZo, O,,7', Epic ind Ionic for ofg, ooi6, 6, y, "a sheep."-Observe that the Latic sis is merely 6ig with the digamma, obFr. Xpavoov, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of xpavo, "to touch ligztLINE 138. ly," " to wound slightly," "to wound:" fut. oc: 1 aor.',pavaa. Observe that Xpaeo is strictly an.Eolic form for Xpaeo, mnd that Xpaeuo, xpaivo, Xp6o, &c., all come etymologically friom Xeip, Xetp6C, " the hand," the leading meaning being " to lay hold of.''T-repdi2LfE vov, accus. sing. mnasc. of the syncopated 1 aor. part )f the middle deponent 9irepdaojalt, "to leap over:" fut. 9rrepaao5 at': 1 aor.,Trepay2t/zv: part. 9rrepah2L/evor, by syncope birepdci2e. ivo. In the same way we have Ehrdijuevoc and EriciJtuevog. This syncopated form is found only in the compounds, and the change from the rough to the smooth breathing is worthy of particular notice, though no satisfactory explanation has ever been given for the same. Consult Butt-mann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 18, note, ed. Fishlake. Aa/uoaav, Epic and Ionic for d6ay(uy, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of dau6u, " to subdue," " to conquer,"' " to kill." raOlovgr, accus. plur. of araOuo, of,', "a standing LIONE 140. place," " shelter" for men or animals, ", a hut," "a pen," "a fold," &c. (Consult note.)-From CrToT, arTc//t. eraTLt, 3 sing. pres. ind. mid. of 6Ue, " to get into:" fut. 6eaw: in the middle, 6do/zat, fut. U6aotua,: 1 aor. tEdVCaj*l'v.'AyXLarivat, nom. plur. fem. of aiyXtarivog, a, or, poetic lengthened form of iiyXlrog,'"near," " close to," "huddled thgether."-From iiyXt, of which the superlative is uyXtarog. KiXvvrat, 3 plur. perf. ind. pass. of Xeo,' to. pour," &c. In ti6. passive, "to be thrown," " heaped up,"' "strewn one vpon another fut XrVav: perf. KiXvica: perf. pass. iKXvxa4. ' 466 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 142-156.'ELIE Luac2s, nom. sing. masc. perf. pa:t. of thbe r.ddi Lu 142., with present signification, "pressi;g eagIerly on." Compare Glossary on book i., 590, s v. [eaSrMI a. BaOt'g, Epic and Ionic for iBaOeiag, gen. sing. fem. of P3aOi!c, i'a, ", deep."'Ed2~aerat, 3 sing. pres. ind. of the middle deponent i-S426ojat,'"to leap fcrth from," "to spring out:" fut. Eikalofuat. Compare Glossary on line 138, s. v. virepuipuevov.-From eic and iouzat. LIN 143. Miy, Epic and Ionic for 4Tiyry, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. pass. of jCLayo, "to mingle:" fut.?ifo: 2 aor. pass. u iyyv Compare Glossary on book ii., 475, s. v. tycwatLv. K2ada, Epic and Ionic for iK2e6da, accus. sing. of Ke2~i, LINE. 146-. d0o, i', Epic and Ionic for 2sdeir, Ket5oi', V,, "the collar. bone;" so called, as it were, from its locking the neck and breast together, the primitive meaning of CEiSC being a key, or bolt. A'XEvor, gen. sing. of acXrjv, tvo', 6, "the neck."-Ac LINE 147. cording to Pott, from the Sanscrit root wah, "to bear.' (Etymol. Forsch., i., p. 283. Compare Benfey, Wurzellex., i., p. 352.)'EipyaOev, Epic and Ionic for eipyaOev, 3 sing. of a lengthened 2 aor. eipycaov, of Elpyw, "to shut out," "to separate." Observe that there is no such present as eipydwo. Compare Ellendt, Les. Soph. s. v. ei /Ceav. Mer,XETro, 3 sing. imperf. ind. of the middle deponent yter LNET. 148. oixoytat, "to go after:" fut. Iaolatl. —From Lerd and ol Teipero, Epic and Ionic for retpeTro, 3 sing. imperf. ind pass. of reipuO, " to rub away," " to wear away," &c.: fut. r(t:po (XEolic). Compare Glossary on bool iv., 315. TEcKEro, Epic and Ionic for E'TrerTO, 3 sing. 2 aor. intd mid. of T[KTO, &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 36. KredreaCa, Epic and Ion;.c for Treaai, dat. plur. of csrap, aroS, O76 ";a possession." Of freqvent occurrence in Homer, but only in the elative plural, as here.-Akin to e(rdo, -rdo cuat. AtL7raOat, 2 aor. inf. mid. of 2Aiers, "to leave:" fut. Zeibo: 2 aor mid. E;Xrr6~jv.'Efatvvro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the defective middle LINE 155. deponent 4Eaivvjsa,, "to take away." Compare Glossart. on book iv., 531, s. v. aivvro. r6o' o, actus. sing. of y6og, ov, o, "Ilm zntation." In gen E eal, any sign of grief, inclllding even we eliring. hOMERIC G CSsAR Y. 767 Book 5. Line 157 167. Z6Jovre, Epic lengthened form for Xivre, accus.. ual preb L nE 157. part. act. of ed,. Xy7pacrrai, nom. plur. of XVlpoar7, oi, 6, "a collateral re LINE 158. LINE lation," " an heir at law in default of issue." Usually oo curs in the plural.-From Xvp&ou, " to bereave." Krvacv, aceus. sing. of KTr/atf, ewG, 17, "an acquiring," " a getting.' Usually, however, as a collective, "possessions," "property." —Fron Krdofaz. AaTEovro, Epic and Ionic for idaroVvro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent dar7oflat, "to divide," "to distribute."' Used only in the present and imperfect, the other tenses being from 6aio fut. 6dcio/pat: 1 aor. Eidacdrlv. Aapdavidao, Epic and Ionic for Aaplavidov, gen. sing. of LNE 159. ap6avidfg, ov, O, 1"descendant of Dardanus." Properly, ":son of Dardanus." Observe that ao was contracted into o (by the Dorians into a), and this o was again opened by e, thus forming eo. This ending in ew was the more usual one in Ionic, but not to the exclusion of that-in ao.-From AdpaavoS, " Dardanus." Elyv, poetic, and especially Epic, for Iv, prep., "in." It is [INE 160. also found in compounds, as eivaiAtor, ElvoZdo~, &c. Oopsv, nom. sing. 2 aor. part. act. of Op6oSio, "to leap," LINE 161. E 161. to spring:" fut. -opoiaat: 2 aor. i0opov. YAf, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of iyvvltu, "to break:" fut. af' aor. Eafa, Epic`ia. HIprLot, gen. si Ig. of 7r6prf, log, WI, " a young heifer,"s a LINE 162. calf. ":vXoXov, accus. sing. if ~S7?oxof, ov, j, "a thicket," "a woody place."-From ~f:ov and iXo, not, as some maintain, from ni0Xor. -BoaKopvvaowv, Epic and Ionic for fpoaco/uvov, gen. plur. pres. part mid. of O6alc: fut.'oa. In the active, it is said of the herdsman,' to feed," &c.; in the middle and passive, of cattle, "to feed," " to graze." Blae, Epic and Ionic for E67ce, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. oi IaNE 164. 164 p, " to cause to go." Consult note on book i., 144. Aidov, Epic and Ionic for E6idov, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act of &666co, "to give," a verb which occurs partially in the present and imperfect, and there only in the indicative and imper. ative. Compare Carmichael's Greek Verbs, p. 78.'A2Lalrfovra, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of''4au Lm~ 166. r166 c;, "to lay waste." Compare Glossa' y on book ii., 367 LINE 167. K2,6vov, accus. sing. of Ko6vo, ov, 6: "any violent. ccin I'm UOMIERIC GLOSS.ARY' Book 5. Line 172-194. fused moionu," a ta;zmultuous movement." In.he liadL, always of die throng and press of battle.'Epi'erat, 3 sing. pres. ind. mid. of'p[w, "to contendi," LINE *172. to vie:" fut. amJ. Homer uses the middle here quite like the active. Compare the remarks of Kkihner, on the Middle Verb, ~ 363, 5, p. 17, ed. Jelf. L Eqoec, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. act. of Eii/uzt, "to discharge LINE 174. at," "to send against:" fut. ionao: 1 aor. 10brca. KoTEaaci6Levo, Epic for Kcoarecaievof, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. mid. of Kor0dw, "to be angry at." The middle is used in the same signification as the active: fut. ieoreaoeuai, Epic Korfaaouate. The strict meaning is, "to bear one a grudge," and hence the derivation from tor6fj, "a grudge," "rancor," "ill-will."'Ipfiv, Epic and Ionic for iepCv, gen. plur. of ip6of7, 6v, LtNE 178. Epic and Ionic for Jepof, 6, 6v, "sacred." In Homer, &c., ra tIepd (Epic and Ionic Ip6) are "offerings," " sacrifices,' where some supply &9jetara. Mviaac, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of ljvi'w, " to become angry," &c.: fut. aw: I aor. iujvtaa.-From yjvlf, "wrath." E7rt, for TrearT. Consult note on book i., 515. - AV;t67ret, dat. sing. of av2Crtf, idor, i, "having a visor," INE& 182. " visored." In the Iliad, always an epithet of a helmet. -From avao6, "a - holow covering," and i~p. According to the scholiast, afci)rrtf means 1" with a tube (aiX6os) to hold the X6q5o:'." Maiverat, 3 sing. pres. ind. of puaivouat, " to rage:" fut,, LUNE 185. E 185 aviola and javoplpat: perf. with present signification utylva, &c.-From the root pdw, akin to /aiopa, 1atu aao, &c.; also to0 /uvoc and LtVLf. (Pott, Etym. Forsch., i., 254.) Ei1XvjiEvor, nom. sing. masc. perf. part. pass. of ei3c, LINE 186. (Attic e2l;O), "to envelop," "to shroud:" fut. viao: perf. pass. Ei7,eat. KtLxrurevo,, accus. sing. masc. pres. part. mid. of KEXl/, L 187 to reach." Compare Glossary on book ii., 188.'Aidwvii, dat. sing. Epic and Ionic for'Aidc'vel, from'Ai[Lsi2 n 0- dLove.r, &fj (Epic and Ionic ior), 6, "Hades." —Length. Ered form from'At6&d. Kordetf, nom. sing. masc. of KorHetf,'eaaa, &Ev, "angry.' F 11 rom KOro, "to be angry." L tapaEattv, Epic for rcdpetatv, 3 plur. pres. ind. act. of sraf UNE 192. FLtI, "to be present," &c. I.INE 194 Ipowrowayeic, nom. -''1ur. masc. of 7rpwfornay,, ir HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 769 Book 5. Line 194-199. " fresh from building." Literally, "put togethe." or "built fo- the. fu st time." —From 7rp(DrTo and -rrlyvvtl. NeoTeVXEer, Epic and Ionic for veorevxe~r, nom. plur. mase. of JEOtrevXjC, f, ", newly made." — From vioC and reqxw, " to construct," &c. lHi7ro:, nomn. plur. of iriirot, ov, 6, "any woven cloth" used for a covering, "a covering," "curtain," "sheet," &c. Also, "a large, full robe" or "shawl," strictly worn by women. Compare note on verse 315 of this book.-In late poets it appears with the heterogeneous plural i-r 7r7rra. 95IIrravrat, 3 plur. perf. indic. pass. of irer-dvvvjt, "to L 9 Pread," "to expand" (compare Glossary on book i., 480): fut., 7eraeoi: perf. pass. 7ri7rrazatc, also~ 7rerrafaczat. ~ The former is always employed by the Attics. Ai~vyet-, nom. plur. masc. of di~v5, vyos, "yoked in pairs." Equivalent to the more common form d~Ivyo~, ov.-From 6diand,e;vyvv/t. KpT, accus. sing neut. o! the Epic shorter form Kpi, fa( LINE 196. KP86, "barley.' In some words, of which Kpt is or.e, the old Epic language has a neuter nominative and accusative derived immediately from the verbal root, the fuller forms of which were in common use. Compare Glossary on book i., 426.'Epeirr6j/evoo, nom. plur. masc. pres.: part. of the middle deponent p?7rrojtat, "' to eat," " to feed upon." Used only in the present and imperfect. Homer only employs -the present participle.-Akin. t tpeiwr, and, perhaps, to dpira'o; rapio, carpo, and the English " t. crop," feed greedily.'Ov~par, accus. plur. of o7Xvpa, ac, 7l, usually employ ed in the plu. ral, 62,vpat, ov, "corn." (Consult note.)-According to Buttmann (Lexil., s. v. ov'aai, 8), it is akin to bO, ov2Xai, "coarse barley," &c. A 197 77rd, norn. sing. of alx!jur7, gen. 4-, o, Epic and LEolic for. alXU7Tr77,C ob, 6, "a spearman," "a, warrior." - From aiXi', " a spear."'Enr-re72Le, 3 sing. imperf. ind. act. of in7rtr6iXo, "to en. LINE 198. join:" fut. Ert7rEX: 1 aor. ErfetXZa.. - From Eri anu reX;;oi with regard to which consult Glossary on book i., 25. nloty-olacV,; Epic and Ionic for 7rote7roif,-dat. plur. masc. of woqs r f), r7, 6v, "made," " well-built." —From o.rreo. LINE 199.'E/uledaCra, Epic syncopated form for i/6e657r7'ea, accus sing. masc. perf. part. act. (if /u6aiv(a, "to mount:" fur. EU6raucat: perf. i(.6jca: per~ part..giee6ESg, Epic ani) s~yne. TIT 770 HOMERIC JLOS;.AR~. Book;'. Line 199-208. pated forn. Eufe66f. Compare Glossary on b(ok ii., la4, i.. 3eC6aat.'APXevetV, pres. inf. act. of cpJXevo, "to lead," "to cormn LIE 200. mand." Epic collateral form of ApXw. IIOo6uv., Epic and Ionic for nirtO6pnv, 2 aor. ind. mid. of LINz 201., -reiOw, &c. L iet6i devoc, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of the middle de. LINE 202. ponent feidoyat, " to spare:" fut. eicaopuaL; later, also, OetJdaoyat, Epic 7reblt6jaozat. Epic reduplicated 2 aor. tretl6j5;V, whence the Homeric infinitive 7retdiavOat, opt. 7reotdoilwlv, 7reitdolro, besides which, however, he uses the I aor. ieiaatTro. —From a root ct/d-, which also appears in the Latin findo, and Sanscrit bhid, the idea involved being that of separation from, abstaining from, &c. (Benfey, Wurzellex., ii., p. 109.-Pott, Etymol, Forsch., i., 245.) liop6~c, gen. sing. of 6op62, Ad, ij, "food," "provender." —From &ap6u, "to feed." Eio/uev'&Wv, gen. plur. pres. part. pass. of eltco (also e;A;m, LINE 203. but more frequently et&Ew, Attic e;iW&). Radical signification, " to roll or twist tight up;" hence 1" to press hard or close," e. g., of a warrior who presses the enemy close; then " to foee together,".and thus " to coop, block up, crowd together," &c.: fut. etZ11co. Observe that Homer, in the active, has only EilESw, never uEAo, and that he forms the first aorist, and some other parts, from the simple stem or root e0-: thus, I aor. gEtra: perf. pass. eX;pjat, &c (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 83, ed. Fishlake.)'EdEvat. Consult Glossary on book iv., 345.'A66dcv, poetic, and especially Epic, for iinlv, adv., "to one's fill," " enough,"" "to satiety."'-Akin to 6d6o, " to satiate." IIclvvof, nom. sing. masc. of rriavvoc, 7, ov, "relying on," LINE 205.- trusting to."-From Frelaa, "persuasion," " obedience;" and this from 7re0toa.'0v,6eev, fut. inf. act. of O6vivl'u, "to aid," "to prove of service:"' fut. bviawo.-Reduplicated from a root ON-, which appears in the derivative tenses and forms. Aotoletv, Epic and Ionic for dotof, dat. plur. of doioi, al, 4 LiNs, 206. LINE 06"two." Equivalent to dio. The singular dot5f, like da. o0, "twofold," " double." The dual do6L is indeclinable in Homer Compare Glossary on-book iv., 7, s. v. Cotlat.'A-rpetrC, accus. sing. neut. of arpeciC, (r, "strictly true,' LINE 208. " real."-From a root rpex (with which Benfey compares the Sanserit tarka, "'doubt"), and the negative prefix. ( Wur ellex i 674.) HOMERIC GI,OSSARY 771 Book 5. Line 208 —,23.'Eooava, I sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of oevso, "to $ r in ictick motion,'' to drive," " to cause to flow," &c. In the augmlerted tenses the a is doubled: as imperf. Iaevov: pass. and mid. aEcvect v: 1 aor. act. *aaeva: mid. Iaaev'jpv. But in Homer often, also, without aug. ment; as, oaea, aeVe, taedaro, &c. Compare Glossary on book ii., 156:'Hyetpa, 1 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of tyeipo, " to arouse," &C. lIa(aaiaov, gen. sing. of 7rciaaaiof, ov, o (Attic rdirraaor) LINE 209-. " a peg." —Akin to rq'yrvut, 7rayvac. Compare the Latir pessulus, paxillus, and palus.'Tp&,yeoeq, accus. sing. neut. of vs, epec,', E, "high. LINE 213. roofed." (Consult note.)-From /it, " high," " on high,' and Ep'oh, "to roof over." T'/ot, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. act. of rTEvo, "to cut:" hot tINE 214C LINE 214. i: 2 aor. Erazov, later 17E/ov.-Lengthened from u root TEM-, TAM-.'AX;6orptor, nom. sing. masc. of 42;67rpof', a, or, "of or belonging to another," "of foreign race," "foreign," &c. Answering to the Latin alienus.-From &:tTos. AtaK;aa'aa, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. Epic and xINE 216. Ionic for dtagcaxaaC, from 6taK2tio), "to break in' twain," "to break in pieces:" fut. apo': 1 aor. 6dKiccaa, Epic and Ionic 6lexsaaGa.-From did and Xtaio, "to break." N6, accus. dual of Ey6, "I," and shortened from v64i. LINE 219. Observe that vi', the shorter Attic form, is here found even in Homer. It is erroneous to write vp or va. In v6i, r6, we have the same pronominal root as in the Latin nos, Italian noi, French nous, &c. Bopp and Benfey compare the Sanscrit dual naun'El real, dat. plur. of Evrof, co', eo, or, more correctly LINE 220. evrea, ov, Tra, "arms." Compare Glossary on book iii. 339. The singular, Avroc, occurs only in Archilochus, 3, 2. LINE 221.'ErL6itaEo. Consult Glossary on line 109, s. v. cara6raEo. Kpatrvdc, accus. plur, neut., taken adverbially, of KpatrLIn~E 223. v62, 7, 6ov " rapid,"- hence Kparva, " rapidly." Properly, "snatching away," " tearing," "rushing." The more usual adverb. ial form is Kpatwrvg. —From a root p7r-, as appearing in dpnr-6ow. Compare the Latin carpo, rapio. AtctdKfiev, Epic, Doric, and.~Eolic for tWcKELV. Earliest form ci. Wwpseval. - i6eaOaE, pres. inf. of the poetic deponent 16oeuat, used only, ili the present and imperfect, and equivalent to ~o6ooyac, "to be scared,"' to fear," and hence "toflee." Observe that 0'6opaa is strictly the L7C l,$ HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 5. Line 224-23e. root of 066og, o6egw, &c.,. as 0oep of 06por, o opi(J, and kiyo of **yor, &c. La6CaeTov, 3 dual, fut. indic. act. of aaS6, "to save," "ta LINE 224. carry safe:" fut. adwau.: 1 aor. I-aadaa. The present is not found in Homer, except in the contracted form aro.-Fromr dix,:, and, "safe." M26irtya, accus. sing. of!aiL7rtt, tyof,, "a whip," "6 o LINE 226. lash," mostly for driving horses. —From liu,; pasdraw, " to touch," "to strike." tLyaXo&evra, accus. plur. neut. of atyao 6etf, 6crqa, oev, " bright."' Consult note. AS6efo, 2 sing. perf. imper. of 6iXotat, " to take," "to reLINEx 228. ceivc:" fut. &,ko5lat: perf. 6ey~lat' Te6, accus. dual masc. of re76, 7, 6v, Epic and Ionic fmo sINE 230. cr, 0 C,,a6v, "thy," "thine." Compare the Latin tuus..-.'Hvt6Xy, dat. sing. of WvloXog, ov, 6, "a charioteer," " c:LINE 231. driver.'? Literally, " a rein-holder." —From'vita, "the reins," and EXo, "to hold."' EhlOrT, dat. sing. masc. of etco06S, 2 perf. part. act. constructed upon and assigned to the Epic i0o, " to be accustomed," " to be wont." The present occurs only in the participle eOuv, in n., ix., 536, and xvi., 260. The perfect eioOa is used as a present, "I am acczes tomed," but the participle eicOdr stands absolutely,-" accustomed,' "customary." Observe, moreover, that eieOa is strictly the Attic form, and EdOa the Ionic, but that Homer uses both. Oiaerov, 2 dual, fut. indic. act. of O'pw, "to bear:" fut LINE 232. oimo, &C. MaTrCaeTo, 2 dual, fut. indic. act. of jtardco, "to be: idle," LINE 233. "to loiter," "to linger," " to retard one's speed:" fiut. ~ao. -Akin to dcirljv, "in vain," " idly," and /pra-ofg, " idle."'EICEEPEpEV, Epic, Doric, and 2Eolic -for E'SKipetv. Earliest form, ix0episevat. IoOeovre, nom. dual, pres. part. act. of io~oo', "to long for,'t " te desire what is absent," hence "to miss:" fut. vaw: 1 aor. Er6Oeaa, in Attic usually iir60iaa.-From r60iof, " a longing."'EIaE2 ap, Epic and Ionic for 62uap, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of ei2arvuo, to drive," " to drive away:" fat. EL4aw: aor. jX;aaa. Compare Glossary on book i., 575, s. v. i2;avvErov. Mlc2vnxar, accus. plur. of tpCvvu, vXor, "with a single hoof," i. e., "b solid, uncloven hoof." Equivalent to the Latin solipes. An epithet S',the Yl'rse, vory frequently'l occurring in the Iliadl, an(d but once;n HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 773 Book 5. Line 237-256. the Odyssey..Either shortened for iuov6vv, fri in yovoc and,vv,, z Iboof," or from the root 1t-a with ovv. TW', by apostrophe for red, and this Epic and Ionic fot LINE 237-. _ad. Compare Glissarzl on line 230, s. v.. IeO. Errtovra, accus. sing. masc.- pres. part. of E7reteI,' to come on." A4.ct4ofiaet, 1 sing..3 fut. of r6Xoltat, " to receive," &c.'EputejuaSre, nom. dual of iEfuPEar63. Compare Glossary or h~ 4.:ine 199. Kexapetrteve, voc. sing. of iKexaptauEvof, 1, ov, "dear," 243. "pleasing," &c.; perf..part. of the deponent Xapioluaqs "to say or do something agreeable to a person," "to show kindness," "to oblige," &c.: fut. Xaplaozat: Attic xapto Fat.-From Xpltf.'Op6w, Epic lengthened form for o6pt, 1 sing. pres. indie 244. act. of odpao, o6p, " to see," &c.'Avdpe, accus. dual of aivejp, &c. I'Iva, accus. sing. of i, iv6o, i7, "strength." Originally it had the digamma Fi', as in Latin vis, and so probably it is akin to flof1 and vivere; also to ziv1 and zaxS.'A7rE'2eOpov, accus. sing. fem. of'irnR-eOpog, ov, "immeasurable." — From d, priv., and 7rrEOpov., lengthened poetic form for rEkE6 oov, a measure of land, being 100 Greek, or 101 English feet, and the sixth part of a stadium. N 248'E.Kyeyev, Epic infin. of eeyi yaa, the poetic perfect of EKtyiyvooat', for EKEyyova. LINE 5 249. Xact6ueOa. Consult Glossary on line 34, s. v. XaubteaOa'66ovde,'"fearward;" the accusative singular of 066oC, L NE 252. with the suffix de appended, and denoting motion toward. Consult Excursus.v., p. 427. HewCE.ev, Epic, Dolic, and ZEolic for 7rriuevV, fut. inf. act. of weiO, "to persuade." Earliest form, n'eeatiEvat. revvaiov, nom. sing. neut. of yevvalof, a, ov, "suitable to sINE 253. one's birth or descent," "befitting one's lineage."-From yevva, poetic for yivor, " bii;h," " lineage."'A2LvaKtcdovrt, dat. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of cZva E6do, "to flee from," "to shun," "to skulk:" fut. aoo. Strengthened form for uXicawo, and this last akin to aiUevojlat, &c.'OKlveiw, Epic and Ionic for bKvEw, 1 sing. pres. ind. act. LINtE 255. of bxvEC6, "to be loth," "to tarry," "to delay:' fut. van,.;From Kevof, " a tarrying," "a delay." Tperv, pres. inf. act. of rpeo, "to tremble," "to be afraid:' I~INE 256 fut. rpiaw: aor. Erpeaa. The Homeric poetic presAnt T 1T 2 77 4 HOMERIC CLGOSSARY Book 5. Line 258-271. is rpelu. This verb is never contracted except when the lulitrao tion is i Vto et. Corn.pare the Sanscrit tras, " to fear." L'y7,2 atv, Epic and Ionic for 6ryy, 3 sing. 2. aor. subj. act. LNr. 258. of evrywo, " toflee." Compare Glossary on book i., 173. IIo.v'6ov?2oC, nom. sing. fern. of wroiiv6ov?2o, ov, " rich in counseling," deep-counscling." —From 7ro2v and poovX, "':-unsc~" "advice."'EpvwcacceeLv, Epic and Ionic for tpvwdciKEtv, 2 aor. inf. act. LI~NE 262. of pvKc, " to keep back," " to detain," &c.: fut. Ep':w: 1 aor. 4pvfa: 2 aor. pvdKicaov.-From Espo..'AvrvyoS, gen. sing. of avtrv~, vyoc, o, strictly, "any rounded or curved body," and so, "the rim of the round shield,"'the rail or high rim of a chariot." Consult note.'E2ciaat, 1 aor. inf. act. of tiacva", "to drive:" fat. EidMao LINE 264.! aor. ~Zaaa. rever2, gen. sing. of yEvere,,, 7I, Epic and Ionic for yevea, -i.E 26.5. -, 4, "a,ace," "a breed."-From ygvof. Tpot, dat. sing. of Tp6s, Tpco'6, 6, " Tros," son of Erichthonius, and grandson of Dardanus. Consult note. 6.SX', for &die, and this Epic and Ionic for dccKE, 3 sing..1 aor. ind. act. of d6doul. ravvjlz6eog, gen. sing. of ravvyidv67, eog (Attic ovs), o, accusative ra and yv, " Ganymede," son of Tros, and great grandson of Dardanus. Consult note..67'H, accus. sing. of V465, gen. 46or, contracted 7oif6, &c., AINE 267. "' the morning." Compare Glossary on book i., 477..EKO.EIEv, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of 0,f6E~ ro, "to steal," LINE 268.- to obtain by clandestine means:" fut. K2sLio. Compare Glossary on book i., 132. Aa5OpV, Epic and Ionic for?,60pa, adv., "secretly," " wuth. LIE 269. out the knowledge of," in which latter sense it is construed with the genitive, as in the text.-From a root AAO-, which ap pears also in?av0eivetv, VEmaOov.'TrroaX3v, nom. sing. masc. 2 aor. part. act. of VTir'nx, &c. E74Oear, Epic and Ionic for 9712Leiaar, accus. plur. fern. of-a1ver, eta, I, "female." With Homer it sometimes appears also as an adjective of two terminations; as, tiO9vC HEpan7, 6Ovr i~obaa, &c. —Akin to diio, "to suckle." reveOi;{, nom. sing. of yevM062X, % f, 4, "a progeny." Lit. I,. 270. *erally, "birth," "origin?," "source," &c. I.NE 271.'ArirataLe, 3 sing. imperf: ind act. (Epic and Tonic foi HOMERICU GLUh SItY 775 Book 5. Li:ne 271-289. Tt'ZAM;tel l IcrtSl teou, "tt brzngup," "to rear," &c.; in general, to cherish: fut. raTai2': I aor. YririjM1a. — From drai'?XG, "to rear,*' &c., and this from vra;S6f, "tender." rvTyV, dat. sing. of Odi-Yva, q~, /~, "a manger," " a crib." The corn. mon Greek form was ircavr/. No doubt from irarnouLat, "to feed." 2 MACaTpe, accus. dual oftbarop, opo',', "an adviser," "a LINE 272. counselor." (Consult note.)-From ur6o/zae, "to advise."'Apo/fteia, 1 plur. 2 aor. opt. mid. of atpo. Compare GlosmINE 273. sary on line 3. Kaprep0Ovyze, voc. sing. mase. of Kaprep6O6v/oc, ov, "strong. INE 277. hearted," "gallant-souled." —From icaprep6o and tv,u6c.'EyXeip,, dat. sing. of iYXey7i, TE, i, "a spear."-From'y L INE E279. 2 xo, " a spear." T'Xeoie, Epic for r6XnW, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of rvyxdvo, "to hit," &c. IIrape/V7i, nom. sing. fern. syncopated 1 aor. part. of the LINE 282. middle deponent zr7rouat, " to-fly:" fut. rreryao/lal (usually shortened in Attic prose to mrr7aooaL): 1, aor. syncopated, iwrrcnv,: 2 aor. syncop. 8Er6,unv. IIeXda0r, Epic and Ionic for &weX&iu06, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. of 7re?;dw, "to bring near:" fut. Prereao': I aor. act. reitXiaa: 1 aor. pass. E7re2.a0yv. —From irdtaS, "near." BL6;271at, Epic and Ionic-for Bfl&6~aat, 2 sing. perf. ind. pass. of c6XXco, " to strike," " to wound:" fut. patuc: perf pass. f3tg6Xayat. Kevediva, accus. sing. of KeveFuv, AvoS, O, "the hollow between th ribs and the hip," "theflank." Elsewhere Ray6vef or Xawrdpa.-From eevodS, "empty." L HF6porer, Epic and poetic for'lgapre~, 2 sing. 2 aor. ind. LINE 287. act. of d/apTrvo, "to miss:" fut. dLaprpao/iat (dcaparao only in Alexandrine Greek): perf. uicprlca: 1 aor. 7Faiprncaa, only In later writers: 2 aor.'i aprov, by transposition, ytpaTov; by changing a into o, i porov; and, finally, by the insertion of the eu. phonic f after p, tsz6porov. On the change of the aspirate into a lenis, during this process of transposition, &c., consult Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 18, note, ed. Fishlake; and on the insertion of P after ts, when another liquid follows in consequence of transposition, &c.. consult Kuhner, ~ 35, p. 27, ed. Jelf. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbr., p 2e, &c.)'Acaa, 1 aor. inf. act. of co, "to satiate," "io sate:" fut. LINE 28 s: or. There are no grounds for adopting ac,': I aor. haa There are no grounds for adopting 7 6 - HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 289-296. here the radical AA-, as is generally done. (Butlmann Irreg. VeroA p. 36, &c.) Tauaepmvov, accus. sing. masc. of Tra adptvoC, ov, "with shield o~ tough bull's hide," " of the tough bull's hide shield."-From the radical?.da, "to be enduring," and /tv6s, 1 the hide" of a beast, especially of an ox or bull. HIIo2etUT-v; accus. sing. of 7ro27LEtruTC, oV, 6, "a warrior."-Frorl groetiqw, "to war." bIyevor, pres. part. mid. of "oui, "to say," &c.: middle a 29 at. Consult Carmichael's Greek Verbs, p. 296. L'Pva, accus. sing. of ~St, 1bLv6f,,l, "the nose." A later form is imv.: Benfey supposes the original form to have been ypic, ypiv, and compares it with the Sanscrit ghrina, "nose." (Wurzellex., ii., p. 142.)'Enrrp7aev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of 7repaeo. Compare Glossary on book iv., 460, s. v.'riprpae. i1pv/,vuIv, awcus. sing. fem. of rrpvqvo6, i, 6v, " hindmost," Ilast." Talus irpvsv6, Ipaxiwuv, " the end of the arm," where it joins the shoulder; and?rpvuvl y27.-:r:aa, "the root of the tongue." According to the Etym. Mag., from wre;po, 7rep(w, and akin to 7rpkuvov, " the bottom of the trunk of a tree." L'EeavBq, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. pass. (in a middle sense) ol 293 aezo, "to drive forthA:" in the middle, Eaeofleat, "te speed forth." Compare Glossary on hook i., 150, s. v. EioaeOV7rO. Neiarov, Epic and Ionic for v'aror, accus. sing. masc. of vdeaTo7, Eq, ov, Epic and Ionic for vdaror,?l, o, " last," "uttermost," "lowest." 4 kind of irregular superlative from viog, like /eaacroC, from peao6f. Ai6A2a, nom. plur. neut. of ai625or, ~j, ov, " easily turning," INE 295. "easily wielded," &c. (Consult note.) According to Buttmann (Lexil., s. v.), from h5w, ha/u, and so, strictly, "moving with the wind," "fluttering." H1ia/Lav6ovra, Epic lengthened form for lrajozLavbtvra, nom. plur. neut. of 7ra/Iavvov, wvrog, fem. ra/pz0av6oaa, "all-glittering," "altresplendent.".- Epic pres. part. assigned to raq0ataveo, but formed as if coming from 7ra/yavd6o, of which, however, no other forms occur except 7rapIavouv and rraupao6waa, just mentioned. Consult Glos. sary on book ii., 458. ITaperpeaaav, Epic and Ionic for 7rap7rpeaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. ind, act of 7raparpiw, " to start aside from fear:" fut. 7raparpako: 1 aor, trapirpena.-From 7raoa and -rpEo, " to tremble," " toflee," &c. ALrEq, Epic and Ionic for E'0U/, 3 sing. 1 aor.;il. pass. o' 1. 90. " to loser.. " f' tn retlax."' ton eha.sl." &e. fiut'il.tat VOMERIC GLOSSARY. 777 Book 5. Line 298-309.'Epvaaiaro, Epic and Ionic for Ep1iaatvro, 3 plur. I aor. ~INE 198. opt. mid. of pwo, "to drag away." In the middle, "th drags away for one's self," or "unto one's self." Compare Glossary on book i., 466.'AAKi, an irregular poetic dative of OaKSI, "strength," as LINE 299. if from a nominative'X:. Homer has it five times in the phrase ka2ci 7reCrot0LO, and always when speaking of wild beasts,'ceceptin il. xviii., 158.: KrtieEVat, poetic, and chiefly Epic, for Kravat, 2 aor. inl. LN.E 301i. act. of KTEi.), " to slay:" fut. KTCeY, Ionic xravd, but in Homer always KTEiVeO, etgE, ict, &c.: 1 aor. sI retva: 2 aor. Kieravov,:and 3 sing. and piur. syncopated 2 aor. Ecra7 and riTadV: syncopated 2 aor. inf. KTcrlEtv and KTcrdevat.-Akin to Kcatvo and Kalvv/Iat, and the Sanscrit kshi, "to destroy." _I epdaT'a, accus. plur. neut., taken adverbially, of auepy.. LIN.E 302. d6aZoC, a, ov, "fearful," "terrible," especially to look upon.'Pea, Epic adverb of Pk6foc, "easily," for which the po LINE 304. etic, and especially Epic, form 1eia is often employed by Homer and Hesiod. A9veiao, Epic and Ionic for Aiveta, gen. sing. of Aiveiat, LINE 305. a, 6, "zEneas." Consult Glossary on book i, 203, s. X'Arpeidao.'I:aiov, accus. sing. of iaXiov, or, ri, "the hip,"'the thigh-joint." — Probably from laXvr, "strength," and akin to idc, "the waist, or small of the back." Compare Cicero, " latera et vires." KOT6O2~lV, accus. sing. of Kor'lvl, vc,,' "any thing hollow," rINE 306. LINE 306"the cup or socket of a joint," &c. The derivation flue. tuates between Ec6rra and KO!Lo~. O2'caae, Epic and Ionic for E0O2aae, 3 sing. I aor. ind. act. LIKN 307. of 2Laiw, "to crush:" fut. 9?Xiaoi: 1 aor. EOiaaa. Another form is AiCo.-Akin to 5pao,), c2iw, and rl-rp&io, as, also, to OMi6, oV6, 7P6o, p6(.'Ptv6v, accus. sing. of ttv6o, o&, 6," the skin on the body tINE 308. of a living person," rarely of a dead one. Also, "the kide of a beast," especially of an ox, "an ox-hide;" and then "an ox-hide shield." TpnxIv', Epic and Ionic for rpaXv6c, nom. sing. masc. of rp7xI6y.rta, 5, Epic and Ionic for rpaxv6-,,ia,, "rough," "1 rugged."'Ept7r(v, 2 aor. part. act. of Eoei7ro. Consult Glossary ov'In 309 hbook iv., 462, s. v. nptore. 77Ti TIOMEItIC GLOSSAR7. Book 5. Line 309-329.'EpeAoaro, Epic and Ionic for VIpeiaaro, 3 sin,. 1 aor. ind. mina of, m)f~dco. Compare Glossary on book ii., 109, s. v. ipeladcievoq.'Arr6X;oero, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. mid. of ar6o22vput, " to de. L:-~E 311. stroy." In the middle, n'r62)vlunva, "to perish." LINE 313.'Ayxiap, dat. sing. of'AyxwriC, ov, o, " Anchises." -BovKc?.iovrt, Epic and Ionic for pOvKoovtOvr, dat.- sing. pres. part ft. of P3ovKo2tEo, "to tend herds," &c.: fut. awo. —From fpovIK6Lo,:a herdsman;" and this from 3ovo' and Kco2,E, a word which only zccurs in compounds, and with which we may compare the Latin volo. Others, however, deduce povKi6?.o from /3oof, and K6aov, "food."'Eet6aro, 3 sing.' 1 aor. ind. mid. of XEo, 1" to pour," " to LINE 314. spread.". Compare Glossary on book iii., 270. fl4xee, accus. dual of 7rfXvt, ES,6, 6, "the fore arm," from the wrist to the elbow; but usually employed by the poets to signify merely "the arm" in general, as in the present instance.-Probably akin to.IaXy6, "stout," &c. HIr yya, accus. sing. of'rrljy7a, arot, Tr, " any thingfold. LINEs 315. ed," "a fold." —Frorn 7rrvaac, " to fold." LINE 319.'EjXOero. Consult Glossary on book i., 496, s. v. 20Oero. vv6eatlcwv, Epic and Ionic for avv6eatlv, gen. plur. of avvOeata, t', i, " an ag'reement," "an arrangement."-From avvriOrlue..'Hppicace, 3 sing. 2 aor. ind. act. of EpV'Ki, " to keep back," LINE 321. ", to detain." Compare Glossary on line 262, s. v. epvacaKeetv. -woic6ov, gen. sing. of qtola6og, or, 6, "the turmoil" of LINE 322. battle. In general, " any confused roaring noise," especially the dull noise or din of a large mass of men.-From oXgo,,xoio, " to swell or burst forth." Ka1i7'TptXa, accus. plur. masc. of KaRitppl TPIXot', LNE 323. " beautiful-haired," "of beautiful manes."-From ica{6o and Spin, rptXdf, "hair."'OyaXetKiitC, gen. sing. of 6piP,U l udc, h,4, Epic and Ionic LINE 326. for'6ytisc a,',. Strictly, "sameness of age," but Maker. here as a collective, or the abstract for the concr,~te, " those of the slame age," "companions in years."-From 6,u7Alt, "of the sc me;ge,' arld this from du6tC and 472X5, "of the same age."'Ap rta, accus. plur. neut. of appT1ro, a, ov, "suited to," "en accord. ance with," &c.-From apprt, "just," "exactly," &(., ar d this akin to aipo, "to suit," "'to fit." INE 329 Mi04re Epic and Ianic for ue9ti7re, 3 sing. imperf irid HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 779 Book 5. Line 329-339. act. of fE6e97rro, "to follow after," &c. (consult note): fut. ueObtLo: 2 aor. te-ria7ov, not yteOoan rov.-From eerda and trwo. Kparep(Jvvxag, accus. plur. masc. of KparEo'Uvvf, vXo, o, "stronghoofed."-From Kparep6~o and bvvf. Kvirptv, accus. sing. of Kvrrp t, tdof, 7, "Cypris," " the LLUNE 330. Goddess of Cyprus," a name of Venus, from the island where she was first and most worshiped. In the Iliad, both K6rptda and Kirrptv occur in the accusative: a later genitive is K'irpto. —From Kv7rpoC, " Cyprus." Kotpaveovatv, Epic and Ionic for KotpavoVatv, 3 plur. pres. LINE 332. ind. act. of totpavio, "to bear sway," "to rule," &c.: Cut. a(o.-From Koipavof, "a leader," " a chief."'Evv6, nom. sing. of'Evv6, 6ofC contracted ova, 4, "Enyo," LINE 333. goddess of war, answering to the Roman Bellona. She was the daughter of Phorcys and Ceto. (Hes., Theog., 273.)-Hence'EvvdCitog, " the warlike," an epithet of Mars.'O4rcdwv, nom. sing. pres. part. act. of w7r~o, " to make to follow:" fut. ao. Used here, however, in the less usual sense, "to pursue," "to follow after," and thus equivalent to &L6Ko -Usually derived from br~ro, 87royat. Pott considers the o as /.potarcK6v, and the root to be found in the Sanscrit pad, "to go," with which compare rrar-ehv, ro66d-E, &c.'Ehrropre:lyevof, nom. sing. 1 aor. part. mid. of krroptyo, LINE 335. " to reach forward:" fut. 7ropdge, &c. Compare Glos sary on book iv., 307.-From Erri and bpiyo. RIETrailevobo, nom. sing.'masc. of the syncopated 1 aor. part. of the middle deponent [zer22aXotzat, " to spring at ter:" fut.?eralofiuat: 1 aor. Per7jt;WYV: part. jeraqduevor, by syncope teerdaytevof. Compare Glossary on book iv., 138.'A6dftXprjv, Epic and Ionic for ad6;Lrxpav, accus. sing. fernm. of &6x7lXp6c, 4, 6v, Epic and Ionic for de62~Xp6, a, 6',, "weak,' "tender." —From a, euphonic, and P3A;Xp6., "weak," and this from PiZd, "effeminate," " delicate." E16ap, adv., "straightway," "immediately."- -From EVOc.'Are-r6picaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. ind. act. of avreropEco, " to pierce through." Literally, "to bore right through:" fut. eao.-From avr; and.0opio, "to bore," "to pierce." Xaptregf, nom. plur. (if XaptrEgf' O, O a, "the Graces.' LINE 338. Consult note. lIpvlv6v, accus. sing. neut. of pqrpvU 6f. Ccnsult Gtos 1INE 339. ~ary on line 292, s. v. 7-pvuvrnv. 780 HOME.RIC GI OSSAit Book 5. Line 339-354. Ovupap', gen. sing. of Oivap, apos, r6, "the parl of the hand'atvl which one strikes," "the flat or hollow of the hand," " the palm."From &EvO, Oeivo, " to strike."'IX(p, nom. sing. of iZ6p, CJpor, 6, "ichor," the ethereal LINE *. juice, not blood, that flows in the veins of the gods The irregular Epic accusative is IXO, for ixpa, -but occurring only in line 416 of the present book; like yTno for y2enora, and iMpi fol ldpdra.-As Ix6p properly means the watery part of the blood, lymph, or serum, Benfey thinks the original form of the word was ytwxp, and that the root may be found in the Sanscrit mih, "to pour." (Wurzellex., ii., p. 43.) Z1. rov, accus. sing. of airog, ov, 6, "wheat," in general, LiNE 341-., corn,"'grain;" also said of corn ground and prepared for food, "meal," "flour," "bread;" and so, in general, "food," "victuals," "provisions." Always said of human food, and hence we have, as a general epithet of men, aro70V 6ovre~. Consult note.'AvaijuoveS, nom. plur. mase. of Uivai~?ov, ovoc, " blood LINE 342. less," "without human blood."-From a, priv, and aloia. Kd666a2ev, Epic and Ionic for Kiart6atev, 3 sing., 2 ao' LINE 343. ind. act. of iKaura6a2X, "to let fall," &c. I Io0. aeat, Epic and Ionic for -owXaee, 2 sing. fut. indic of the middle deponent rReo'ocate, "to turn round and,ound in a place," "to frequent," "to resort to," &e.: fut. naoyat. Old form of the second person 7rrowaeaat, Epic and Ionic (by syncope) rronwaeat, &c.-Strictly, a fiequentative of wro6ojpat.'Ahvovaa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of x2vod, "to LINE 352. i wandler," &c.: fut. ao. Consult note.: -Akin to A rk, "wandering," and 6a;oluat, "to wander." HoL6Iiveuor, nom. sing. fem. of orod6vejlor, ov, " wind-footLINE 353. ed," "with feet as swift as the wind."-From trov. and L'AX0oouNv1Yv, accus. sing. fem. pres. part. of the deponent i.xoiiae, " to be oppressed," 1" to be weighed down" in spiro its, &c.: fut. x0yaopatl, -more rarely IX Oaoual, &c.-From aixot, " a burden," "a load," and the root of this last is ax-, in I -c<, with which compare the Sanscrit sah, " to endure," the t being merely euphonic. MEXZaivero, Epic and Ionic for 0Eie?,aivero, 3 sing. iinperf. ina. mid of tueativc, "to blacken,"'" to make black:" in the middle, "to grow black," "to turn black:" fut. teJav,: perf. pass. teeueaaauat~ 1 aor pass. bue avOoBv — From.et2ac, atva. s'v " black." HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 781 Book 5. Line 355-383. ApzTrepL,T accus. plur. neut. otf &parepo, c, 6v, " left,' LINo Ei3.. " on the left." With aptorTpa we may here supply /,p7.'Eicgx2,rTo, 3 sing. pluperf ind. pass. of c2ivwo, "to in. LINE 3 cline," "to bend;" in the passive, "to lie down," &c.: itL. Katvw: perf. KcitOuca: perf. pass. IEcKaqat: pluperf. pass. ice-e rit.ipyv, in the sense here of an imperfect. XpvauptrvKas, accus. plur. masc. of Xpvaurrv~, vulco, LE 358.," with frontlet of gold."-From xpvair and 5u/rrvu. Con oult note. LINE. 359. KotKlat, 1 aor. inf. act. of Kcolira, "to convey:" fut. oat: I 1 aor. iK6ftaa. Observe the accentuation: the 1 aor. optative would be Kouieat.'AKcxeteLv71, nom. sing. fem. perf. part. pass. of iXopaet, 364. to be afflicted," "to grieve:" perf. pass. hao7xeyat and aKaX?1/at. —- From the radical AXt2, the root of which, again, is the ejaculation of pain, ach! ah! tX-. M 3 66 arv, Epic and Ionic for Eud(arCtev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. ofaaart[o, "to lash," "toflog:" fut. A:o: 1 aor. ~.adartca.-From FarT15, "a lash," " a scourge."'Eacdav, Epic and Ionic for Silav, pres. inf. act. of OLdu, a rare p)oetic present, the place of which is supplied by Rafivo), "to urge forward." HerTaO2v, Epe and Ionic for EirerEaOylv, 3 dual imperf. indic. of the middle deponent iriroalt, "to fly:" fut. 7rerTaoyat, in Attic prose usually shortened to 7rrjaoluat. IINE 367. Airdv, accus. sing. mase. of a7rrd~, eia, v, "lofty." Eidap, accus. sing. of eldSp, arot, r6, "food."-From iEco, LI.E 369. " to eat," as if a lengthened poetic form of Mdap. r rovaut, dat. plur. of yovv, aro~, r6, " the knee," and Ho.,I~NE 370. meric form for y6vaav. Compare Glossary on book i., 407 At'vCrj, gen. sing. of AtrSvy7, a', 7, " Dione," mother of Venus, br Jupiter.-From At6', like arpvr(7Wr, from arpvroC.'Ayic4a, adv., "into or in the arms." -Probably for ai 371 e, from (YKr7, " the bent arm." MaOpduico, adv., "foolishly," "'thoughtlessly," "rashly.:' — IENE 3r74 From q&ip, " idly," &c.'vwrrz, adv., "openly." Properly the dative sing. of e'vor, #r j, "the face or countenance;" and hence EvorrO, as an adverb,' be fore the face," "openly."-From le and i4p. TAtRFev, Epic and Ionic for E[r2lue-v, 1 plur. 2 ao:. india L.r, 383. act of rXdo, a radlical form, nevor found in the present IT rI u 782 HOMERIC GLOSSAR,Y Book 5. Line 383-397. this being repll cod by the pe'fect 7rlrjca, or the verbs rc Ju/cd,v6xopat, vrroypvo, &c., " to endure:" fut. r7Laoyat: 2 aor. Er2LV, as if there were a present r72?.t, which there, is not.-Ti-6u is radi. cally the same as ToX-:uuw, Sanscrit tul, Latin tul-isse, tol-erare, (t)latus, &c. T;7L, Epic and Ionic for Eir2, 3 sing. 2 aor. indi~. act. of Lns 385. LINE 385, &c. Compare Glossary on line 383, s. v. 7r2wUev'AX&)o', gen. sing. of'A,%Ews, -oc, 6, "Aldeus," son of Neptune and Canace, and father of the Alidaie, Otus and Ephialtes. The name properly means "a thresher," from;awi, "a Ihreshing-floor." Kep'/w., dat. sing. of icEpayof, ov, 6, "a dungeon." (Consult note.)-Akin probably to yEpydpa, "an underground drain;" KdpKapov, "a prison," and the Latin carcer. A6Cero, Epic and Ionic for 6ddEro, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. pass. of dwo, " to bind:" fut. 6~aw: 1 ao.. E6qca, &c.'ATro, nom. sing. masc. of irot, ov, contracted fbr 6aro7 N insatiate." —Frorn ao, caat, "to satiate." M7Trpvtl, nom. sing. of Itnrpvet, C, j, Epic and Ionic foi!aN~ 389. PltINE 389, e(, V, "a step-nlother."-From 8prrnp. IIepualKa ifg, nom. sing. fem. of rreptKlaa2a, F', ", very beautiful." — From irepi and K(ia02r.'EpErti, dat. sing. of'EplEgd, poetic, and especially Epic, LINE 390. for'EpjgS, ov, o, "Hermes," the Latin Mercurius, or Mer~ury.'Edauva, 3 sing, imperf. indic. act. of da6pvcao, " to subdue," Lim& 391. an Homeric verb, used only in the present and imperfct. The more usual form is d6apu. Consult Glossary on book i., s. v. dapz. TpvyaX tvt, dat. sing. masc. of rptyX6~Xt, tvog, "threc. LINE 393. barbed." —From rpic and y7owxiv, or yaowXi, "'any projecting point."'AvKiearov, nom. sing. neut. of dvjearo', ov, "i ncuraLI.3 394. ble," " unassuageable."-From ac, priv., and aiEoyaat, "t, $~al,' &c. 2QroSr, Epic, Ionic, and Doric for o a'r6o'. So at present LINE 396. most editions agree in writing; but we find also ('rv7, ar iT76rC, or 6rv6g, or even 6OVr6c or 6orsr6c. (Compare He,??Je, ad Tn., vol. v., p. 79.-Schuweigh., ad Herod., ii., 79.) Analogy we uld be in favor of TOr6r. (Buttmann, Ausf. Gr., ~ 29, Anm., 12, n.) LINE 397. NEKEaat, Epic and Ionic for vgKVIat, dat plur. of vKCvc HIOeMERIC GLOSSARY. 78~ Book 5. Line 399-408. voC, 6,' a dead person,"' &c. In the plural, or v1Crvef, "the dead," the inhabitants of the lower world. Compare Glossary on book i., 52, a. v. ),eicvuv.'AXeov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of Xaed, " to be LiNE 399 distressed," &c. Observe that alXeie is only used in the participle. L'HXtraaro, 3 sing. pluperf. indic. pass., with superinduced LINE 400. augment, of Eiavvo, I" to drive:". fut. iE;Iaw: perf. Uefiia. a: perf. pass. aELaalpaa: pluperf. pass.:7r/'1272dyv, and without superind. aug. EA;rlnafirv. Observe that in Epic writers the pluperf. pass. is found both with and without the superinduced augment. Kn6e, Epic and Ionic for EKle6e, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of,Keyd, "to make anxious," "to distress-:" fut. Kaleaw. Consult note. HIa0wov, nom. sing. of HIatev, ovo6, d,,P Peon," the phyLINE 401. sician of the gods. Properly an Ionic form for HIauiv. fIat'v. Consult note.'06vvfpara, accus. plur. neut. of 0bvvjbaro', ov, "pain-killing,"' pain-extinguishing."-From Obdvv7, " pain," and ciwo,'' to kill." Ilcaawov, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of frcaaao, "to sprinkle:" fut. 7raoa: perf. pass.'ri7raiate. Observe that this verb is used in the Iliad only in the present and imperfect, and that it does not occur at all in the Odyssey.'HeciaaTo, 3 sing. I aor. indic. of the middle deponent LINE 402. aclceo/Lat, "to heal:" fut. icCaojeat (Attic ciKovaL): 1 aor. KaraOvr6t, nom. sing. masc. of KaraOvrr6o, h, 5v, "liable lt death," "mortal." The feminine occurs only in the Hymn to Venus, 39, 50.'O6ptuoepyio, 6v,, "doer of strong deeds,"." doer of violent LINE 403. deeds."-From 66ptyot, " strong," " mighty," and tpyov. O08ero, Epic and Ionic for Zd5ero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the de. ponent M0otiat, " to have a care about a thing," " to feel concerned about a thing." Used only in the present and imperfect. Compare Glossary on book i., 181. AiavXa, accus. plur. neut. of aiavoC, ov, " unseemly," " evil," " a.r holy." Some. derive it from aiaa, "fate;" others from dana, arry. Pott makes it for i'a;~og, same as i'aor, "unlike," "unequal." (Etnym. Forsch., i., 272.) Anvat6f, noni. sing. masc. of d71vata6, a, 6v, " long-lired." LIE 407. — From fijv, "' long," "for a long while." lINE 408. fHairrzu'ovatv, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of -ramrrado,'"t 'h4 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 5. Line 411-424. ralR any one papa," as a child; "to call one father." —Prom irdi ran, ov, 6, the child's way of saying rar-7p, just as [th/a for jp7rio 4,para6wo, 3 sing. pres. imper. mid. of ofdCu. Compare rINE 411. Glossary on book i., 83, and consult, also, the note on that passage. lxINE I 412. HepiOpWv, nom. sing. fem. of rrepiepev, ov, "eminentlP prudent," "very thoughtful," "very careful."-From Irepi denoting superiority, and oplv.'Ad6p7artvi, nom. sing. of'Adprlariv, nS, 7', Epic and Ionic fbt'Adpaariv7, ntc, female patronymic, " daughter of Adrastus."-Frorw'A6pa7Tro', Epic and Ionic for'Adpaarof, "Adrastus." ro6owaa, Epic lengthened form for yoiaa, nom. sing. fem LINE 413. pres. part. act. of yodo, "to wail,"' to lament," &c. fat. yo05 ow. Oikcrac, accus. plur. of OKEIVi, ioC, 6, Epic and Ionic for oldKer,c EaO, b, "a domestic." So that oiKeaaf is for the Attic oiKteig.-From L0KOf.'IXIE, accus. sing. of tXSp, po', 6, "ichor." Compare 416 Glossary on line 340.'Oopyvv, Epic and Ionic for c/dj6pyvv, 3 sing, imperf. indic. act of obO6p7Vtvet, "to wipe off:" fut. ppwo': 1 aor. EstWpfa. —Akin to 9yfpyw, "to pluck or pull;" and perhaps to da'aaw, "to touch," "to handle." The Sanscrit root is mrij. X'AL0eTro, Epic and Ionic for 742Jero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. pass. of 2L0o,'" to make to grow," " to heal," "to restore." Only found in the imperf. pass. and part..0oyouirv.- From the sanme root as the Latin alo. Karwi6rluvrTo, Epic lengthened form for ecarr77t Sv.o, 3 plur. imper' indic. pass. of iKarira&co, " to mitigate," "to soothe," &c. fut. aaw.From Kard and irt(O6w, "to soothe," " to assuage." Kexo2LSaeat, Epic and Ionic for KeXO?%jWeet, 2 sing. 3 fut. LINE 421. pass. of Xok6oa, "to make angry;" in the paasive, "to be angry."-From X6;oqo:, "gall," " bile;" the literal millc a.li being 4" tc stir one's gall or bile."'AxaOaidov, Epic and Ionic for'Axaidov, gen. plur. of lINE 422. Ai.C'Xac, wido, 4, Epic and Ionic for'Axactic, ddoc, 47, "a Grecian woman."'EarecOat, 2 aor. inf. of the middle deponent broua, "to LINE 423. follow -" fut. 9hpoyzaL: 2 aor. E'arro6qv, &c. KaclDovaa, Epic for Kara,'govaa, norm. sing. fern. preS LIZN 4-24. PI part. act. of varap,'5w{, "to soothe,". "to caress." CcJ. pare Glossary on wook i, 361, s. v. caririEwev HIOMERIC G LOSSARY. 7ft Book 5. Line 424-448. F. rEn2rr.v, gen. plur. fem. of Ezrrergor, or, " wecl-6bed,' "wota beautiful peplus."-From eV and rerrof. 1ep6vy, dat. sing. of 7rep6o0r, rye, /j, "any thing pointed fot LiNE 425. piercing or pinning," especially " the tongue of a buckle or brooch;" hence "a buckle," "a brooch."-From rreipo, repduic, "to ".ass through," &c. Kara,2ucaro, Epic and Ionic for Kcareiuvaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of KaraLvcraw, " to scratch," " to tear:" fut. X:, &c.-From Kcard and (diioawo, " to scratch,"" to tear," &c.'Apaluv, accus. sing. fem. of dipato6, aj, 6v, Epic and Ionic for ipa& 6f, ci, 6r, "delicate," "weak," 1" tender," &c. Observe the accent uation, which distinguishes it from apato', aia, acov, "prayed to,' " entreated," &c.'TrIeNpEX, poetic, and especially Epic, for Vi7ripezye, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of vertpexo, poetic, &c., for ~irrep eXo. Compare Glossary on book iv., 249.'Afero, Epic and Ionic for re)ro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of LINE 434. the middle deponent (olzat, "to stand in awe of," "to dread." Used in Homer only in the present and imperfect. Iero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of hZfzt, " to send:" in the middle, "to send one's self after a thing," " to desire," &c. Compare Gloss. ary on book ii., 154, s. v. liqVdov.'ErE'aavro, 3 sing. plnperf. ind. pass. of rrtaevio, " to se LINE 438. i in motion another against:" in the middle, "to set one'.s self in,motion against," "6 to make an onset upon:" perf. pass. b'~aaifat: pluperf. pass. ir7recalv. —From or, "against," and aevo, "to put in quick motion," "to urge." 440 paeo, 2 sing. pres. imper. mid. of Aupdto. Consult Gloss LINE 440. ary on line 411, s. v. bpaYeiOcd. Xaizeo, 2 sing. pres. imper. of X&fo.ua4. Compare Glossary oil line 249, s. v. xaf6jpeOa.'AVEXCero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent I,3E h43. ~vaXdbouati,, to retire," ".to draw back:" fut. aopat: I aor. izvYaacdinv.'AlrdrTtpev, adv., " apart,"" away fr-4m."-Strengthened Liff 445. form of (aTepOe, and this from rtep, " without."'AdMvr, dat. sing. of duvrov, ov, r6, "ta shrine," "the in. LINE 448. nermost sanctuary of a temp'e." —From a. vriv., and' 4sw, " to enter."'AKEovro, Epic and Ionic for ijKeOvro, 3 plur. impert. idie..'6 middle deponent amwehtuat, "to heal:" fut. iaoiat (Attin. ous " J Ju: 2 ; 86 IIOMERtC GIUJSSARY. Book 5. Line 448-473. KvdazJov, Ejic and Ionic for Kticdatvov, 3 pIur. imperf. indie. act of icvdaivw, " to 1,onor " " to glorify," &c. (consult note): fut. av,. -From KficOS, " glory " Eildouov, accus. sing. of eidMoov, or, T6, " an image,' "n a LINE 449 phantom."-Diminutive from eidos. Atovv, Epic and Ionic for 169ovv, 3 plur. imperf. indid. Wmn 452. act. of d6oo, usual contracted form of 6JV6w, " to lay waste," " to destroy." Literally, "to treat as an enemy."-From cbior, Epic and Ionic for d6ioC, contracted dvof, " hostile," &c. EVKdVKovC, accus. plur. masc. of EVoVKoSf, OV, "wellrounded."-From eb and i6KEoS. aLatcria, accus. plur. of 2LatvzG'ov, or,', "a buckler." Commonly covered with raw hides, and therefore derived by some from cdatoo', "shaggy," A" hairy." Others, however, deduce the term from XaS6fs "left," and regard it as meaning literally "the left-hand armor." KL7rpt6a, accus. sing. of Kv6rptf, e6of, j, "Venus," as LINE 458. Goddess of Cyprus. There are two forms of the accusative, namely, KI'rptSa and K 7-rptv. Consult Glossary on mine 330.'E ro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent INE 460..,.blopat, " to take one's seat upon," " to sit upon," &c.; Cut. &Ne6oo/tae. Homer uses this verb only in the present and imperfect. The active occurs only in the aorist EEq~aa. Compare Glossary on book i., 48, s. v. 9erTO.'Aic/cayavr, dat. sing. of'AKea~, avro-, o, "Acamias," a LIN 462. Thracian leader. The name literally means "the unwearied one," and comes from a, priv., and Kicavzw, " to tire." 4 tdiae, dat. plur. of vi6c, as if from a stem, vil, gen. JVo1 Compare Glossary on book ii., 20, s. v. vit. Tleif, nom. plur., as if from a nominative vievW, gen. WvIxE 464.' aeo, &c. Compare Glossary on book iii., 174. ELvrotErn,-o a, Epic and Ionic for Evro7tratf, dat. plur. fem. Of Er4oiLOS o o 7, Y, o,. " well-made or constructed."-From de and rocis. 469. oia6o, Epic and Ionic for O;~oi~6ov. Compare Gloss. ary on line 322. Z;aSrojuev, 1 plur. fut. indic. act. of aa6w, " to save." Compare Glessary on book i., 83, s. v. sambaetf.`EXEcKEt, 2 sing. Epic iterative form of the imperf. indic. LxN' 472. LINE 472. act. of IXw, and put for eixe-. LINE 473. 4)~t, Epic and Ionic for 101/ 2 sing. imperf. indic. act HOMERIP C GLOSSARY. 787 Book 5. Line 473-487. oet.pui, "to say" Not to be confounded with 0fr, the 2 sing pres. indic. act. Observe the difference of accentuatior.'Eiuuev, Epic, Doric, and AEolic for 1Setv, fut. inf. act. of iXw. Earliest form, Ei.evat. rau6po:lt, Epic and Ionic for yad6tpolf, dat. plur. of yap. LINE 474. U 6p o, oi, ", "a brother-in-law." In general, any conneclion or relation by marriage.-From yafuio, " to marry." As regards the insertion of the p between the two liquids, compare Glossary on line 287, s. v. y/6poref.'Evetyev, Epic and Ionic for Eveatuev, 1 plur. pres. indic. act. of evEt/Ut, " to be in." T72:oi, adv., like rTjea, "afar," "far off."'? — An obsolete adjective, rrXL6C, may be taken as the source whence come rT7;ov, r71j2ow TfLpO6O, Tr L rL60ev, Tr7jXae, all used as adverbs. gdv6o, dat. sing. of d6vOog, ov, 6, "the Xanthus," a river of Ly cia, falling into the sea above Patara. Consult note. Atv7evrPt, dat. sing. mase. of 6tvj.Eif, eaaa, Ev, "eddying."-Fronl divi7, "an eddy."'E67Erat, 3 sing. pres. indic. of the defective deponent LINE 481. Ei6oatoa, to wish for," " to desire." This verb was prob. ably digammated, and so may be regarded as akin to velle, Povi;opat, the English will, would, &c.'Ert6ev7wf, nom. sing. masc. of Ewrldevrj, dS, Epic and Ionic for te7rtefC, d, ", in want," "lacking."-From cri and dUo, " to want." M' ova, 1 sing. of the poetic, Epic, and Ionic perfect, LINE 482. with a present signification, " I am eager," " I wish," " I!ong," " I strive," &c. MEiova is to u'ci,' eaa, as yeyova to y&o,.~~yaa; it is akin, also, to eiivoc, lsevEaivo, as well as to jievco, pitvco, because IL6/iova conveys the notion of a steadfast, fixed purpose; but it has no proper present yEvo, although erroneously assigned by many to such a verb. Tvvr;, Epic and Doric for aV, "thou." Like y~6v7v, ftr IINE 485.,y.'fpecaav, Epic contracted dative for bdpEaacv, dat. plur. JINE 486. of hap, apos, Ij, "a consort," "a wife." Not by metatheaS: from Jop, as some say; but probably from the same root as aipo. elpo, Lat. sero, " she that is tied or knit to one."'Ai)pat, Epic and Ionic for adblat, dat. plur. of adpi[, ~dor, a, LixE 487. LINE 487 "a tying," "fastening," " knotting," and then said of the " joinings," i e.,' the meshes" of a nrA. —From &irrw, " to:oi," " to aonnect." 788 HOMERIC GLCSS t1Y Book 5. Line 487-500. Alvov, gen. sing. of aivov, ov, r6, "a flaxen cord,": a fishing hne, "afishzng net." Also employed by post-Homeric writers to indl cate " the plant that produces flax."'At6vre, nom. dual 2 aor. part. act. of cioaKouiat. Compare Gloss. ary on book ii., 374, s. v. dxooaa. llavcypov, gen. sing. neut. of 7rdvaypog, ov, "all-catching."-From rfr,, raraa, 7rav, and kypa, " a catching," &c. Avaueveaoatv, Epic and Ionic for dvquaevictv. Compare LINE 488. Glossary on book iii., 51.'"Ewp, nom. sing. of'Lowp, wpog, r6, 1" a prey," "a booty." In Ho. mer usually in the singular, of unburied corpses, which are left to the enemy,'or given up to dogs and birds.-From itReZv, 2 aor. inf. act. of alpeo, " to take," " to seize." Kppra, nom. sing. of K5pjua, aroC, Tr, "that which one meets with, lights upon, finds," i. e., " a boott, prey, spoil." —From ispo, " to light upon," &c.:'T/riv, Epic and Doric for auerdpav, accus. sing. fem. of LIE 489., 6v, Epic and Doric for ^&u9rEpoC, a, ov, " your," &c. T71EKTAeLtr3V, gen. plur. masc. of rrJeKc2;etr6f, r, 6v, and LtNE 191. also Of, 6v, "far-famed."-From ri;le, "afar," and K2,E — TOFc, famed," and this from KvAei, "to make famous." Ad/ce, Epic and Ionic for Edaice, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act LINE 493. of dKoyv, s" to bite," " to sting:" fut. dfojata:perf. die'dxa - 2 aor. Mdaicov. —The Sanscrit root is danc, or dac, "to bite." Compare the Latin dens, the Greek o-dovo, o-dv'r-or, and the German Zahn.,'Ee2'irxOcav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. pass. in a middle sense INE 497 of E2eAi', to whirl round," " to turn round," &c. Conipare Glossary on book i., 530, s. v. OiLt3Sev.'Aoa22eg, Epic and Ionic for ao;2te72, nom. plur. masc. of ao02,O,, i, " all together," "in close array."-From a', copulative, and tiXo, "to press close," &c.'E4066t0ev, Epic and Doric for iqo6j6Olaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. pass. of 6o6e&o, "to terrify:" fut. IoOC, &c. 4 Axvar, accus. plur. of XVr/, i,7 Epic and Ionic for 4:va, INE 499. V49, a), "chaff." Compare Glossary on book iv., 426, s. a. &XV.'ARawd,:accus. plur. of zotr, Il, /i, "a threshing ground," "d thieshingfloor." Compare Glossar;' on line 99, s. v. c'ao/,.v. AtqtieJVrOv, gen. plur. masc. pres. pa t. act. of Atuicpo, " t, Ir'iE 500. winnow."-From Auctr6S, I a winnowing is;'or -,4ovel " ITOMERIC GLOSSARY. 78R9 Book 5. Line 500-516. Tf7'ui"p, nom.r sing. of ArlrjTrlp, -epoS and rpoC, 4, "Demeter," tile Latin' Ceres." —From d4 for y27, and (17T7lp, so that the name will signify "I Mother Earth." Kpivy, 3 sing..pres. subj. act. of icpl'vo, "' to sepai'ate:" fut. LInE 501. KptvW: perf. Ke'ptLKa. Compare the Sanscrit krt, "to sep. arate," and the Latir cern-o.'EirenyojEcvwv, gen. plur. masc. pres. part. mid. of &7reitj, i" to u,ge on another:" in the middle, "to rush on."-Compare Glossary on book ii., 354. NT'Tlro2evKatvov7rat, 3 plur. pres. ind. pass. of v6roulevaaivto, N502. to make gradually white:" in the passive, "to grow gradually white:." fut. avij.-From 7ro6 and evwcaivo, "to whiten," and this from Ruevwc6, "' white."'AxvpLtai, nom. plur. of'Xvp/ud, dg, 7, "a place where chaff falls.'" -From aXvpa rc, "chaff;" IIodvxaXkLov, accus. sing. masc. of 7ro'aXaKo, or al LINE 504. brazen," 1" brazcn-founded."-From rroXv' and XaKo6g.'E7i`rXS27yov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of i'rwr jaaw, " to strike," "' to stir up," &c.'Ertmay'op&ov, gen. plur. mase. pres. part. mid. of Ert-. INE 505.,C.ayw, "to mingle," &c., poetic and Ionic for C7r6qyvvgU. Homer uses only the middle. From trni and/layo.'Hvto,yXe, nom. plur. of ivwoxev-f, E&o-, Ionic 4or, o, "a charioteet " -- From'via,' the reins," and tXco, " to hold."'I!6S, adv., "right onward." Properly an adjective, iOeC, aINE 506. 5 -0. Eta, v.'Eictpaaevev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of Kpataivu, Epic LINE 508. lengthened form of Kpaivwo, "to accomplish," "to fulfill "! fut. Kcpav~C, &c.'E]E0rpdC, accus. plur. of bperL,, ir, 4, "a command," "an injunc. tion." A poetic word, from Etquirc.' Xpvaa6pov, gen. sing. masc. of Xpvadopor, ov, "of the IINE. 509. golden sword," "with golden sword." —From Xpva6o and coo. Consult note. liovoo, gen. sing. neut. of 7rio&v, ov, gen. irTovor, &c., LIWE 512. "fat",' rich," "wealthy." - Meiararo,. 3 sing.' imperf.: indic. mid, of pUe0iarute, "to LINE 514. place'among:" fut.'eei-aar7a. —From?e-rd and'To77-UC.'A^prEa, accus. sing. masc.'of aprre/n, "sound," "safe and aoi:c-d.".-From iprwtoS, " complete, perfect; entire." f. tu 5.16 -MTrL.AR cav, Epic and Ionic for. jrc?7l; aav, 3 pl.: 1. 790 HOMERIC GLO)SAR~Y. Book 5. Line 517-528. aor. indic. act. of yeraXado, "to question." Compalre Glos tary ul book i., 550, s. V. Yer8a7aa.'Ea, Epic and Ionlc for eia, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of LtNE 517.,t Eai, "to permit," "to allow:" fut. Idajo: perf. EIaKa: I aor. eiaca. Biar, accus. plur. of fia, ac, j," strength," " might.'" In LINE 521. Homer usually, when having this sense, in the plural.'Tredeidldav, Epic and Ionic for 6rredediecav, 3 plur. 2 plupeuf. act. of r70ro&eis,: "to fear," " to dread:" fut. ao.'IoKCii, accus. plur. of lO&)K, iC,?, "a battle-cry," "the battle-din.' — From the interjection 16. N7EYve pclw, gen. sing. of v?7veut,, 7,, Epic and Ionic loi ve7e1jua, af, ii, "a calm."-From Vj7-, inseparable priva. tive prefix, and Avuepoc, "Wind."'AKpo7rOZotatv, Epic and Ionic for aKpo7r62xotc, dat. plur. neut ot aKporT6o-, ov,, "lofty-topped," " high-ranging."-From 6cpof, -' a. rhe top," and 7ro2eio, ire2o, "to be," &c. Ei, Xcet, Epic and Ionic for ebd, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. LINE 524. of E6&O, "to sleep:" fut. E6Cvaw, &c. Compare Glossar' on book ii., 2, s. v. evdov. Bopiao, old form of the genitive for the later Bopgov, gen. sing of BopeaC, ov, o, Ionic Bopeqr, contracted Bopik, ioe; in Attic, Bolcar-, i, "the north wind." Zaxpsv, gen. plur. mase. of Jaxpv]r, i, "pressing vio. lently on."-No doubt from xpdao (with which compare tErlXpzow, "to press eagerly on') and the intensive prefix'a-. L 2 vottv, Epic and Ionic for invoaZ-, dat. plur. of 7rvotj, rig, 7, Epic and Ionic for vrvo', iC, 7', " a blast," &c. —-Frorn,rvi. The word is almost solely poetical, rveoua being used in prose. Atyvpcat, Epic and Ionic for acyvpaEC, dat. plur. fem. of?tcyvpo6, a, tv, "4shrill," "clear,"' whistling," &c. —From tyiF', "clear-toned," "shrill," &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 248, s. v. 2tIyi'. AwaaKctdvctv, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of 6taaKi3d7drlt, " to disperse, "to scatter;" poetic, and especially Epic, form for tao-tcedavvvyt.'AEvrer, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. act. of rilu; " to blow," &c.'EOe6ovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of the poetic deponent L.NE 527. IE 52 6oyat "to fear," "to be dismayed." Used only in the present- and imperfect, and equivalent, in fact, to Oo69oyat.'Eqoira, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of potsaot, "' to traverse,' LINE 528. " to go through:" fut. 0a-a. The Epic and Iornic form ta ot4ri HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 791 Book 5. Line 531-555. IIaiove~, nom. plur. masc. of r-,eOY o, "imn i," coInpar. UrlE 53i ative of 7roX('d. Compare Glossary on book i., 281, s. v 7rtr.vecaatv. fIIavrat, 3 plur. per.. indic. pass., assigned to the radical ve&,, "to slay:'" fut. pass. 7re.ijouae: perf. pass. 7rr#alat. Observe that irioajat bears exactly the same relation to the root 4PEN- as rerapat does to the root TEN-, in the verb reivw; while re0biaotzat is formed from 7rEgqauat, like 6dedJaota from diderat,?~e;Waouat from XeXvguaL. (Buttmann, Irreg. Vertls, p. 208, ed. Fishlake.) LXNE 534. AnZLcK6evwra, accus. sing. o Ai6v1C, ouvroV, 6V, "Deicoon, son of Pergasus. TVov, Epic and Ionic for ertov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. Rct LINE 536. of ri, "' to honor," &c. Cempare Glossary on book i., 508, s. v. rieov. Neatipp, Epic and Ionic for vetiaep~, dat. sing. fern. ot veiatpog, a, ov, an irregular comparative of v'or, just as veaToF, vetaror, is a superlative; "the latter," "the lower." Tie, accus. dual, from a stem vI', vloc, "a son." Ccm. pare Glossary on book ii., 20, s. v. viz. BLINE roto, Epic and Ionic for it6rov, gen. sing. of ftions, or, 6, "the means of subsistence."-From jito, "to live." Thcero, Epic and Ionic for ErEKEro, 3 sing. 2 aor. indi. LINE 546. mid. of rirKT, " to bring forth," but said also of tke father, "to beget," and not rare in this sense in Homer, who uses the aorist middle (as in the present instance) mostly in this sigw. fication, yet not always: fut. TrE:, usually riolmat, pcetie, alsi srecovp/ae: perf. reroKa, &c.-Lengthened from a root TEK-. llo2Reaam, dat. plur. Epic and Ionic for 7roXTol. Compare GM.os. ary on book ii., 417, s. v. 7roaer. At6vasove, nom. dual masc. of 6dvdeuov, ovor, " tui n' LINE 548. Poetic for didvluoc.'H6iOaavr, nom. dual, 1 aor. part. act. of 66ciu, "' to attai, LINE 550. to man's estate," "to le at man's estate:" fut.,rwo: 1 ao46iaqa. —From'6n, "man's estate." E b7rwo)ov, accus. sing. fem. of e~ruroXo, ov, "abounding LINE 551. in steeds," "breeding fine horses." Strittly, "with fil foals."-From eV and ir-;o~, " a foal," " a young horse."'ATrpeins, Epic and Ionic for'Arpeialst dat. plur. ol LINE 552.'Arpeid~C, ov, &c.'Erpacirrv, 3 dual, 2 aor. indic. pass. of rpune, "to rtr,' IE~ 555-. "to nurture." Consult Glossary on book i.. 251, s r rm-EV HOMERIC GLOSS AlY. Book 5. Line 555-586. Teipoeazv, dat. plur. of rTcppot, eo, r6, " a thicket.', Stfxtly, " closeness," ". thicknes&.."-From rpi~o, "to thicken."'lqm, accus. plur. neut. of tLorg, a, ov, " strong," "mighty." Gccurs often in Homer, but only in the phrase Zq7ta zXaa,i large.;,oodly sheep."-From llt, "powerfully," "strongly," &c. KEpaterov, 3 dual pres. indic. act. of Iepao'o, "to de. stroy," "lay waste," " ravage:" fut. lao.-According to some, from KEpar; according to others, from iEtip), "' to shear," " tt cut off," &C. KarTcraOev, Epic and Doric for icarEKcrciOrav, 3 plur LINE 558. 1 aor. indic. pass. of KarearetoVd, " to slay:" fut. caraKrevcl: I aor. act. KaTileretva: 1 aor. pass. KaTeKrc60?7v. KarTrreaEir7v, Epic syncopated form for Icareereair7r, LINE 560. 3 dual, 2 aor. ind. act. of icarraTrr. Compare Glossary on book i., 593.'E;R(,irtal, Epic and Ionic for i,6traS, dat. plur. of Ei2crr, a7,?I, "a pine." After. Homer's time distinguished as Eiarr/ cpfrlvv, 6the pine," and E.rirTn 912etc, "the fir."-Perhaps from teavvco, on account of its high, straight growth. AIe, Epic and Ionic for 6L&e, 3 sing. imperf. indic. aci..INE 566. of to, " to fear."'Arro6aq2,ce, 3 sing. LEolic 1 aor. opt. act. of ciroaod04oi, LINE 567-. " to cause to miss," &c.: fut. arroaqa;: 1 aor. c'urrEtr;la. -From cro6 and aoad2,o. Medie, Epic and Ionic for tetve, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act of evLo,' to remain." Lla57 ay7vov, gen. plur. of lIab Paycv, 6voo, 6, " a Papha-. LINE 577. N gonian." In the plural, IHaoay6veU, cy, coi, "the Paphlagonians."'Aylcdva, accus. sing, of aycJKv, iJvog, 6, "the bend or holLiri 582. low of the arm," " the elbow," &c. Compare ahy7o',," a bend or hollow;" 7yrcr, Aylv7ic, a7yltarpov, " a fish-hook;" a' ycvpa, "an anchor;" and also. the Latin angulus, ancora, uncus,. uncinus, &e.'AaO6uaivwv, nom. sing. pres. part. act. of daaativco, "to INE 585. breathe hard," " to gasp." - Said especially of the deathruckle. —Fromn galua, " a panting," " a gasping," and this from dOc,'to blow." Etepyfoc, Epic and Ionic for ebepyofg, gen. sing. masc. of rEepyk,; hi, "well made," "wuell constructed."-From eV and Ipyov. L,:~.586. K iu6aXoc, noin. sing. masc. of d,5t6aXor, ov,, head-fors. most "' Answering to the Latin pro:lws.: —From the rsali HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 793 Book 5. Line 586-599. eal xsv6,., " the heaa," through tKc6y, " a hollow vess,el, a Cup, a bowl." Compare. the.kindred roots in KicVY, KEo-aXa, tie German Kopf Koppe, Kuppe; the Latin cap-ut, &c. Bpexyp6v, accus. sing. of fpexP60', oi, o6,, the sinciput," &c. Corn pare note.'AducOoto, Epic and Ionic for c/uiOov, gen. sing. of illa~ot, LINE 587. ov, 71, "sand," "a sandy soil." Opposed to sea-sand, aip6aOo. -From 6,iuo, #,?uog, "sand." I'Iaae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of i/adaaw, " to lash:" fur. LINE 589. 1 aor. 7I aoa. -From Iurd, dvro70 6, "a leathern strap or thong," "a lash."'fUpro, 3 sing. of the syncopated 2 aor. mid. of opvvupt, "to 590. excite," "to arouse:" fut. 6paw: 1 aor. d(paa. In the middle, opvvyat, "to arouse one's self," "to hurry," "' to rush:" 2 aor. Wp6urv, 3 sing. Spero; by syncope, dpro. Lengthened form of a root OP-. Kvdotlyuv, accus. sing. of Kv~dOtli6, oe, 6, "tumult," "up LINE 593. IN aar," "confusion;" also, Kydoimos, personified as the companion of Mars, &c. Consult note.'Avatdia, Epic and Ionic for dvat6d, accus. sing. of avat6dri, eg, "shameless," " ruthless."-From ac, priv., and aidts~. r Doira, Epic and Ionic for bEoiTa, 3 sing.. imperf. indic L~ANE 595. act. of 0oltra. Consult Glossary on book iii., 449.'Ard42aytvor, nom. sing. masc. of cirdtcZauvoC, ov; strictly INE 597"without hands," i. e., "helpless, silly." Formed, metri gratid, from 7rard2a,uo', like, vrvvjvog from vjvvploC; and'r-deatsoC. from a, priv., and rra2,u6s, " the palm of the hand." Yr,, Epic lengthened form for arU,. Consult Glossary TAlUN 598. on book i., 197.'2qvpow, dat. sing. mase. of dKucpoog, ov,,' quick-flowing." Poetic; form for t)Edvpoog, ov.-From ig)KV, "quick," and Woi, "a stream," and this from Ptco, "toflow." IpopEVTIrt, dat. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of Trpopio (later 7rpofbo)', "toflow onward," "to run forward:" fut. pevaouat.-From 7rpd and hoi, " toflow."'AobpS, dat. sing. of Ep0p6f, oi,.6, "foam," usually of the INE 599. sea. Compare the Sanscrit abhra, "a cloud," and also hlu6pog and imber. Mop/,vpovra, accus. sing. pres. part. of uopp?,o, " to roar," "te.*'sh." Compare ti e Latin murmuro. Hesychius actually quotle a fCrm,t!pLivOc' X 7'j:4.flOMERIC- GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 606-334. Meeveawv~uev, Epic, Doric, and AEoiic for reveazvetv, pres INEr 6(06. infin. of 1eeveaivu, "to desire," &c.-From 1iivof, with re gard to which consult Glossary on book i., 103, s. v. uE'VEOf. -IoXvcr7;u7ov, nom. sing. masc. of -o:vrciwrav, ov, gen. LINE 613. ovot, "abounding in possessions."-From 7ro;~U and icTrieya. HIToAv;c iioc, nom. sing. masc. of 7roXv27io, ov, o, "abounding in cornfields."-From 7ro2vf and 2o'iov, -" a crop," "'the crop standing on the land."'EiTrzaKvpoo aovra, accus. sing. fut. part. act. of ErLKovpptE, LINE 614. to bring succor," " to come to one's aid," " to help in war." Literally, "to be an EritcovpoC:" fut. iao.-F-rom &i[-covpoS, with re gard to which consult Glossary on book ii., 130, s. v. i7riKovpot. v 618. cv, nom. sing. mase. fut. part. act. of Gav2.6w, " to strip off:" fut. Iarm. Consult Glossary on book iv., 466 S. v. oCvaRaee. aLINE 619. avovra, Epic lengthened form for 7raouavwvra, ac cus. plur. neut., as if from vra/opavie, "to be all resplenlent." Compare Glossary on book ii., 458, s. v. rrau/av6woaa. ANE 620. adv., " with the heel," " stamping on or spurning witA the foot."' The primitive form appears to have beer Ka4d, traces of which appear in the Latin calx, " the heel." (Benfe!, Wiirzell., ii., 316.)'"2 Qottv, Epic and Ionic for Wi/uotv, gen. dual of CStoc, v, 6 LINE 622. INE 22 a shoulder." Compare Glossary on book i., 45, s. v..oeotCtv.'tirFiyero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. pass. of reiywe, " to press hard,",a.: fut. Eireio.'Compare Glossary on book ii., 354, s. v. eiret Aedae, Epic and Ionic for Iseuae, 3 sing. I aor. indic. act. LINE 623. of deido, "to fear." Compare Glossary on book i., 555, s. V. deidol6ca.'Aypi6aLpt, accus. sing. of U/'zpi6aatf, ean, a', "a going around," especially with a view of sheltering o defending; hence " a protection," "a defense."-From,ul t6ai o. Consult note on JdIt6i6R7Kag, book i., 37.'Eglaraaav, 3 plur. syrxcopated form of the pluperfect. for 1EeartKcaav (lengthened form, ipear7cKEtaav), from t9L-77flt, &c. Compare Glossary on book iv., 331, s. v. EGraqav. Tiov6o, nom. sing. of vlov6s, oi,, o, "a grand-son." Ana other- frm is vhdevc. LINE 634.'Ad6a'govt. dat. sing. of Cda~/yuv, ov. goa DVo', "'in,o HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 795 Book 5. Line 635-b54. rant Y,:' " Inexpei!'nced in." -From a, priv., and 64auLwwo, "know zng,' "experienced in," and this akin to 56a-'ac. I'ev66,uevot, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. of the middle LINE 635. deponent IpeV6dopat, "to lie:" fut. e/Vaofoiae: 1 aor. E1'yev adurnv. This deponent is of earlier and more common use (in Ho. mer, as in later Greek) than peisO. * Opaavtu/vo.va, accus. sing. of ipaarv/Ezvwv, ov, gen. ovoC, E 639 bold-spirited." -From OpaaVf, "bold," "daring," and iidvo', "spirit," &c., akin to,luova. Ovtuo;Eiovra, accus. sing. of &vptoorv, ov, gen. ovrog, " lion-hearted."-From avlo6 and 2tgwv. Aaoyl6dovror, gen. sing. of Aaoeiudov, ovror, e " Laome. LINE 640. don," king of Troy, and father of Priam. The name means "ruler of the people;" from Xa6k, and /ig'v,, ov-roc, 6, O" a lord," " a ruler." Oh?,, Epic and Ionic for olatc, dat. plar. fern. of oioc, 7/, ov, Epic and Ionic for oiof, a, ov, " alone."-Akin to lor,!a, " one," and also to the Latin unus, the early form of which was sznos. (Orell., 525.) Xripwae, Epic and Ionic for EXip7ae, 3 sing. I aor. indic act. of Xnp6w, -"to bereave, strip bare, desolate, widow," &c.: fut. WaGo: 1 aor. EXrpwoaa. —From Xrpor, " bereft," "' widouwed," &c. The root of Xjpoo, namely, XH-, XHP-, occurs in Sanscrit, Ad, hi, "to desert," so that X.pov, like bpqav6c, is, strictly, " de serted," "left."'Ayvtuc, accus. plur. of hyvtd, ii, "i, "a way," both in town and country, but usually " a street." —According to some, it is a quasiparticipial form from aiy. (Donaldson, New Crat., p. 499.)'ArroBw0tvvOovat, 3 plur. pres. ind. act. of n7rop6Ov'td, " to wLINE 643 ste away."- From &irr6 and 00vvd0o, with regard to which last consult Glossary on book ii., 346, s. v..0vVO0ecv.'Aaicap, accus. sing. of 2LeKap, r6, only used in this form, niE /64l4. "a defense," "a safeguard," &c.-Akin to dUaKxU.'Atdao, old Epic form of the genitive for the later'Atdov, LINE 646. gen. sing. of'Aidsc, ov, O, " Hades," the god of the lower wnorld. Compare Glossary on book i., 3, s. v.'AidZ. -'Epfavra, accus. sing. 1 aor. part. act. of'poc, " to do " LANE 650. fut, lp$o: 1 aor. lpia. Compare Glossary on book i., 415, s. v. fpdov. KZvi 7rSX1q), dat. sing. masc. of cX:;vro'-r7o2o, ov, "famoui for ceursers." - From Icavr6c, "famcmls," and 7rrCAGc, "a,zn.. h'rs,' &c J IOMERIC G1,.SS.AR. Book 5. Line 655-666.'AViaXero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of yi:Xo,'" to hold Lr~E 6.55 E 6," "to lift up," &c.; in the middle, " if, hold up, o1 raise, what is one's own:" fut. azv~i.:: 2 aor. mid. 71vecX61/Vv: Epic and ionic (eveaXX6l7v. Meiatvov, accus. sing. neut. of ueiPLevog, y, ov, Epic and Ionic for lot,vof, 7,f ov, " ashen."-From /e2ia, "an ash."'A.laprT,, adv., "together," "at the.same mo'lent." This LINE 656. forms d/apar, or /lapriT, and /1aprn, occur. (Compare Spitzner, Excurs., 12, ad II.) Wolf writes iuapri,, and is followed by Spitzner.-As to its derivation, the dau- is plainly, with i/a, akin to 6zoi, and the latter part is usually referred to Rpaperv, aipTciw.'Htiav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. -act. of Ltaao, "to rush:' LINE 657. flt. Sio': 1 aor. Vi'a. The Attic form is baao or tdrra. fut. ads: 1 aor. gSaa.'Epe6evv/w, nom. sing. fern. of ipe6evv6f,, v, "dark," -LINE 659.;,gloomy." Occurs frequently in the Iliad, never in the Odyssey. -From'Epe6or, "Erebus," a, place of nether darkness, just above the still deeper Hades; and this, probably, from Epcqa. "to cover," and akin to the Hebrew ereb or erev, our eve-ning. Maotpeoa, Epic lengthened form for [uatjuua, nom. sing. LTNE 661. fem. pres. part. act. of jatuado, "to be very eager," "to pant or quiver with eagerness:" fut. aaw. —From the root /l5&, with an intensive reduplication; like wratlhiaao, from Quo. LINE 662.'EyXp0t8ueu ia, nom. sing. fem. 1 aor. part. pass. of ey xpi/u7rrTO, "to bring near to," "to make approach," "to force close to,"." to strike, dash, or push against:" fut. +bow. The word be. longs chiefly to Epic poetry and Ionic prose.-From iv and xpilnMro, which last is a poetic strengthened form of Xpics, "to pass, skim lightly over the surface of a body,"' &c. Bdpvve, Epic and Ionic for Ei6pvve, 3 sing. imperf. india.. LINE 664. act. of Pfapv'v, "to load heavily," "to burden," "to dismss:" fut. fapvS': 1 aor. i6dpva.-From Papv', " heavy."'Ec/K6CEvov, nom. sing. neut. pres. part. pass. of a.Kco, "t { I nE 665. drag'." Compare Glossary on book i., 194, s. v..2t ero.'E7reopfiaaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of re lpC'o, "' to say besides:" in the middle, " to reflectupon," "to think of,"- " to taAe no. rice of:" fut. a. —From e-ir and pdico; with regard to. which con-,ult Glossary on book ii., 14.'Erepvcrae, 1 aor. nf. act. of e'fpvwo, "to drazo out:" fut. LINE 666. acw: 1 aor. Ei'pvaa. —From rin and id o; with regarl to wliclh consult Glossary on book i., 466 and 48E HOMERIC GLOSSARY. [~] Book 5. Line 667-688.'Apt;L-rov,'EC, nom. plur. masc; present part. act. of ady, IAtNE 667. rNE 7,' to be busily engaged about a thing, or petrsen." A poetic term, for which a'yE6riw also occurs, which last is the only forin used by thoa tragedians. In prose the usual word is 7reptiro. Le ~E 670. T32/uva, accus. sing. masc. of -r;k,/iov, ov, "suffering,' "enduring," and hence' patient," "steadfast," &c.From the radical rX2d, 1" to suffer," " to undergo," &c.; with regard to which last consult Glossary on book ii., 299, s. v. rv. re. Magilae, Epic and Ionic for ualiF?7ae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of unteuo, " to be very eager," " to pant or quiver with eagerness," " t be agitated," &c. Consult Glossary on line 661, s. v. tpatztucaa.'E pydozi~roto, Epic and Ionic for kptydovdrov, gen. sing LINE 672. masc. of pi7y(ovrroS, " loud-sounding," "loud-thundering.' -From ipt, " very," and ydovr&ro, poetic strengthened form for dol "of, "any dead, heavy sound." Meya;bropt, dat. sing. mase. of Ieya;Tnrop, op, gen. opog.. "great-hearted." Frequently used in Homer as an epi thet of brave men, and even of whole nations. The poet, more. over, only joins it to proper names, except in the case of v/uo6.. — From ieiyas and 7rop, "the heart." M6partov, nom. sing. neut. of t6patoClo, ov, 1" appointed by fate. fated, destined." Answering to the Latin fatalis.-From u6por, "fate," " destiny."'Arroar6e1ev, Epic, Doric, and _/Eolic for (lrroeravetv, 2 aor. I-NEl 675. inf. act. of adroicreivo, " to slay." Earliest form, rooKra[ezvat.-From Urn6 and Icrv-W. Compare Glossary on book iii., 375, S. V. TravoIo..Aeia, accus. sing. neut. of deZua, arog, r6, " terror," I1NEI 682. "fright." (Consult note.)-Akin to deilo, "tofear," &c. Xdpg, Epic and Ionic for iXacpsl, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. pass. (with active meaning) of Xaipc, "to rejoice:" fut. Xatpmac:a 2 aor. pass.'02LOovdv6v, accus. sing. neut. of b;Loovdv6,f, 6v,, " mourx-,INE 683. ful."-Akin to bXoov'po/ac, " to lament," " to mourn.'" -'Ewrdcvvov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of EirauOvo,' to sue. LiNt: 685. cor," "to lend aid:" fut. Erralvv5: 1 aor. e7r-7vva.From Eri and dcuvJvw, " to ward off." Compare Glossary Pn Took i 67, s. v. di[Ovat. Evfipcvtetv, Epic and Ionic for evdip ivetv, fut. ill act. of LINE 688. eRdbpaivw, " to gladden," " to cheer:' fut. eippdv~ G"od s and opn7v. A1x2 798 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 690-700 Ilaoi'iev, 3 sing; 1 aor. indic. act. of irapaaceo,'to rusA LUN -69). by:" fut. wapatib: 1 aor. -apiSa.-Froln rwagp and ('ioa"to rush." Compare Glossary on V'4Zav, line 657. "'2aaLro, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. mid. of 50ioi, "to drive back," jINE 691. " to repulse:" fut. gOdjao, &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 220, s. v. dac. Eiaav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act., usually referred to a present E'o, "' to cause to sit," "to seat," "to place." Comnpaie Glossary on book i., 311, s. v. eaev. 4DYC, dat. sing. of 0L7y6r, oi, 4, "an oak." Consult note. OSpaCe, adv., strictly, O4pa6d, " to the door," and so" out of the door," &c., but usually in the general signification of " out," and hence analogous to the Latin foras.'Azwrvvv06V, Epic and Ionic for ievEvdrv0, 3 sing. 1 aor. ~ LINE 697. indic. pass. of advawvio. Strictly, " to breathe again," " to recover breath." Often, however, used in the general signification of' to breathe," " to respire:" fut. cavarvevao: 1 aor. aivervevaa: 1 aor. pass. civervvdOyv, Epic and Ionic fj7rv-v0tv.-From &vci and 7rViC. IIvoei, nom.'sing. of 7voui, if, 4, Epic and Ionic for irvo, 2~, 4,'a breeze," "a current of air." In general, "the breath."-From "vEe, " to breathe," &c. Z(Jypee, Epic and Ionic for }i{ypet, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of, )ypiE,, " to revive," "' to restore to life and strength." The primitive meaning appears to be, "to take alive," "to take full possession of;" hence "to exercise a full influence over," and thus, in the present instance, "to reanimate," "to awaken from previous stu.. por," &c.: fut. caw. —From'6eo, " alive," and AypEo, AEolic collat eral form of dTypedo, " to take," " to lay hold of," &c.'Ewrelveiovaa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of E7rlrve&o,'to breathe upon," Epic and Ionic for iertrvE: fut. EiVao, &c. KecKaq0r6Ta, Epic syncopated form for KEKarqr 0Tra, accus. sing. masc. perf. part. act. from the radical icaEio, akin to caerwo and taxrco, " to gasp for breath." It occurs only in the phrase Icexao7. Cra 6vtuiv, the soul or life at its last gasp. XaKoKopvarn-, dat. sing. masc. of XaR2oKopvcTrc, o0,, lINE 699.," armed with brass," " arrayed in Irazen arms."-From xa}Scog, 1" brass," &c., and Kopaaco, " to arm." 7 HporpE oVTro, Epic and Ionic for 7-poerpFrrovro, 3,ing LmNE 700. imperf. indic. pass. of nporpErow,' to turn forward:" fut L)o, &e. [ro-iJ.MEIC (; oSSA RY. 799 Book 5. Line 702- 722. - Xdoz ro, Epic and Ionic for gd'oviro, 3 plur. iniperL: i..N& /102. dic. mid. of xCd; in the middle, XS1ottal, "to retire." Uonsult Glossary on book iv., 497, s. v. CEtcKdOvrO. Oivornidv, accus. sing. of Oivo7ri6J~r, or, o, "son f (Enops.' LInE *77. -From Oivop, o7ro, o, (Enops. Aio.otdrp7v, accus.' sing.'of aLo)to,uirp~,ov,,, "with flexible belt." -From ai6%og, "movable,." "flexible," and Eitrpa, "a belt," "a girV'e." Consult note. NaieaKe, 3 sing. Epic iterative form of the imperfect for LINE va 08. —-Fromr val, " to dwell," " to inhabit," &c. MEJpvUt/r~, nom. sing. masc. 2 -perf. part. act. of upAo,' "to be an object of care:" fut. uEXato. Most usually employed in the third person sing. and plur., jziet, u2L;ovat: 2 perf. u7/ipa..N AzIiv, dat. sing. of vi2ivq,. rj,., ":a lake." Originally, in 709. all likelihood, a salt-water lake, or salt marsh, into which the Sea comes regularly or at-times, and so, no doubt, akin to;aqtyv.-Derived by some from;e&6w, " to pour out," &c. a7,uov, accus. sing. of 6itofs, ov, o. Consult Glossary on LINE 710. book ii., 198, s. v. d67bov.'O;iKovraC, accus. plur. mase. pres. part. act. of b2,Eoa, LINE 712. "to destroy." Compare Glossary on book i., 10, s. X )XeKovro.'TrcrEr'acTev, 1 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of v0bacrwrut, "to LINE 715. stand under," " to undertake," "to promise:" fut. bVrovrTro: perf. qiEarlKca: 2 aor. vire'ar7v.-From v'r6 and itagrit.'Erroqxojzv?7, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. of the middle LINE 720. deponent twroiXoCat, "to go to or toward," "to approach:" fut. ErroXrotiat.. —From lirl and oXO/icat.'Evrvev, Epic and Ionic for:vrvev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of evrvIO, "to harness." Of this verb Homer has only the imperfect active.-From Evrea, "appliances" of all kinds, "arms,"'equip. ments," " harness," &c. Hp 7 I ga6a, a peculiar old Epic feminine of rrped6vf, " the august," " the honored." Inathe- Iliad, always' an epithet of a goddess; in the Odyssey, of a mortal. LINE 722.'OXeetrat, Epic and Ionic for Xeat, dat. plur. of ~,oc, EOt, NE, "a chariot." Of frequent occurrence in Homer Compare Glossary on book iii., 29, s. v. oXEov. KEcaa, accus. plur. of KVK;og, ov, o6, which has also the hetero. geneous plural r7n1 KEtViKa, "a ring, circle, r aund." Then "' any circular body," especially "a wheel;' in which Iast- signification the het SOO IIOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 722-730. erogeneous plural Ktir?.Aa is mostly used. —KVtSKXG seems to be rs duplicated from K)v'JaoC. Root KTA-, in sviZv6o. (Pott, EtyrnWl. Forsch., i., 265.)'OI-tci(v(r/ma, accus. plur. neut. of obrTaxvvto~, ov,': eight. L~ ~. 723. NE oked." —— From obK7r, and KVcyXr/, "a spoke." ~ Zd6p&w, dat. sing. masc. of actdipeon, ia (Epic and Ionic, 9Ei), cov, contracted in Attic, ar6y7poiw, a, ofv,' of iron," "iron," &c.-From vid6.por, "iron."'Auovt, dat. sing. of I&fwv, ovor, 6, " an axle."-Probably from cyw, aSo. Compare the Latin axis, and Sanscrit achsha.'E'iaaorbpa, Epic for Ei7riarpa, nom. plur. of Erriaorpoa, LANE'ovto'rv6, "the tire," "the metal hoop around the felly oJ a:vheel."-From Ern and adCrpov, "the feliy." Consult note. fIpocappp6ora, nom. plur. neut. of rrpogapnpigr, Epic and Ionic foy vrpoiapaprSf, perf. part. act. of 7rpogapw, "to fasten on" " to fit to,': &c.: fut. Irpordpawo: 1 aor. 7rp6rglpa: 2 aor. 7rpof7pdapov: perf. 7rpofapapa, Epic and Ionic r'poc6pqlpa.-From rrp6o, "to or on," and "pW,,, to fit." Compare Glossary on hook iii., 331, s. v. (papvtay. _Tl;?uvat, nom. plur. of irO/vn, jc. /, "thfe,iave of a INF, 726. wheel."-From 1rZO5o, "to fill," anld so, strictly, 9" any thing that is filled up." IlEpidpouot, nom. plur. fern. of rrepidpoltor, ov, "circular." Literally, i' +unning around."-From'reptdpaCE rv, 2 aor. inf. act. of reptrpiE,~a.'a 77. _ tv, dat. plur. of icya, avroe, 6o, "a leathern strap or thong." —Commonly derived from vryu. The root, however, is rather to be found in the Sanscrit si, "to bind." For iu6.f is, in reality, nothing more than at-ptavr, the aspirate being merely a substitute for the sibilant, and tuavr being a suffix. Compare the old Saxon simo, "a bond." Hence, also, idcaao, CituaOCZ, and, with i- omitted, yuartG, "a lash." (Benfey, Wurzell., i., 289.)'Evrerart, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. of ivre'vw, "to stretch LlNr. 728. on or upon:" fut. Evr7ev: perf. Evregrara: perf. pass. kvrsira/zat. T'Pvt6C, nom. sing. of Ikv6r, oi, 6, " the pole of a chariot x. 729. *or other vehicle."-From 5,ro, ipr'u, "to draw." ZvyOv, accus. sing. of 4vy6v, ovi, r6, "any thing pwhich Limv. 730. LINE 30 ins two bodies," and so,." the yoke or cross-bar," tied by the fvyoye&aao to the end of the pole, and having (ecrytaa'collars or loops) at each end, &c. A'radva, accus. plur. of V7~rarov, ov, r(, "a breast-band." (Cou sult rote.) k later form was airraulmv' HOMERIC GLi.JSARt. t0 Book 5. Line 734-743. KarXEvev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of haTraX6o, "to l fall," &c.: fut. KaraXE5vo): 1 aor. Epic, Ktarxeva: 1 aoi Attic, icarTxea. Compare Glossary on book iii., 270, s. v.:X.:vav. O6de,, dat. sing. of ovdSaf, r6, gen. obdeo', dat. obdet and ov'dei " the ground, earth;" strictly, " the surface of the earth;" then, "the 40oor or pavement in abodes," &c.-Akin to o obdoc, " a threshold.'' No nominative rO oVdog occurs, and the Ionic cases oi~eog, oudE i, may be explained by the usual change of a into E.'Evdvira, nom. sing. fem. 2 aor. part. act. of Eivd8o oi 7 vddvu, "to put on." Strictly, "to get in or inlo:" fut vd6oij: 2 aor. Eivedvv. 737 pv6vra, accus. sing. masc. of d6apv6EiC, 6eaaa, 65e, 737. teaTful. "-From- latcpvov, " a tear." Ovaaav6eaaav, Epic for 9vaav6Eaaav, accus. sing. fern. of LINE 738. LINE 738 avoetL, eoa, 6ev, " tasseled."-From 9uravof, "a tas. sel," and this from how, on account of the constant motion of the 6Oaavot. L Earec6dvoTrat, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. of areTnav6o, " t LE 739. encircle," "to crown:" fut. 6aow: perf. arericE0ovcKa: peri. pass. Eareqxvoela-i.-From Griqavog, " a crown." Kpv6eaaa, nom. sing. fem. of KpvoetE, 6caa, 6ev, " icy cold," mINE 740., chillinv." - From KpvoC, r6, " icy cold," " chilliness,"'frost."'IOK;c., norn. sing. of i'CK?, #g, ~, "pursumt."-Usually derived from 6d6tKc, "to pursue." ropye[i, nom. sing. fem. of ropyezof, n, ov, Epic and Ionic,INE~ 741. for ropyeiog, a, ov, "of or belonging to the Gorgon." —From Popyc5, "a Gorgon." -IIe.6pov, gen. sing. of 7riu)pov, ov,, a monster," " a prodigy -From irie'op, "a monster." 4 Ltep6VAI, nom. sing. fein. of aeprdv6c, Ov, 6v, " appalling,' LIE 742. "terrible."'AtFioa;kov,. accus. sing. fern. of Lgzi'ta;or, ov, an epithet' Eu 743. applied to a helmet, and indicating one the Oibdoc of which stretched from the forehead to the back of tne neck.-From'i4lpi and o'SXo.' (Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. 0d;aor.) Some, far less cor rectly, explain it as meaning a helmet with 6ciXoe, -e., studs or boss es all around.'Trpa 7;1pov,' accus. sing. fem. of TErpaqa'rXpof, sv, "four-cres. ed."-From rEr,a and b62uj7pof (a word, however, never found in;rse), either the plume it.'Ilf or an erithet of it. (ButtnxwP., i.,Le ~'. ~~;.)oC, 9-' 802 HIOMEItlC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 744-751. lHpv 4 e6Ei, Epic and Ionic for ~rpvJiteat, and this for rprv l ESat, dat. plur. of xrpvXteg', &eOv, oi, usually explained of' heavy-armed soldiers," as opposed to chiefs fighting from chariots.'ApapvZav, accus. sing. fem. perf. part. act. of an obsolete presenl rno, "to fit," "to be sufficient for," &c. Compare Glossary on book iii., 331, s. v. cpapviaf. L 745 6yea, accus. plur. neut. of 0p726ysoC, ea, sov, "flaming.: -From 0k2o5, gen. ~0oy6r, "flame." BptOv', accus. sing. neut. of 3ppetvf, ea, i, "ponderous,} "weighty." In Homer always an epithet of EyXo. — From the intensive prefix ppt-. Perhaps akin to the Sanscrit virya, "fortitudo;" vira, "heros;" and the Latin vir. Aapvtlat, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of drVid ypit, "to subdue.' an Ho meric form equivalent to the common dayacw. Kordaerat, Epic for KOTra6Erat, 3 sing. fut. mid. of KOTe'i, in middle icoriouate, both used alike, "to be enraged a; one." Literally, " to bear one a grudge:" fut. KorEaaoat' 1 aor. Eic reabtyi/j. —From Kc6roc, "a grudge," " rancor," "ill will;'" and, also like X6Xor, " anger," "wrath."'O6ptowrirp?7n,,, "daughter of a mighty father." In Homer and Hesiod always an epithet of Minerva. No masculine d6pqty6rrarpoc seems to occur. In Hesychius, o6ptaorrcrnlp is corrupt.'Eirczaiero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent LINE 748,, iE7rtuaiolact, "to apply one's self to a thing," " to strive after," &c. Only used in the present and imperfect. The future and aorist are, taken from the cognate rrt/alotyat (fut. 7rtdaoi'at: 1 aor.'weaaateuYtv), which, again, is not used in the present and imperfect.-From enrl and?aioltat. Mv,'ov, Epic and Ionic for /vvicov, 3 plur. 2 ao:. indic. LINE 749. act. assigned, along with the perfect,etvtca, to the mid die deponent wvKadojat, strictly said of oxen (like the Latin mugire), "to low," "to bellow," and, metaphorically, of things which make a hoarse or hollow sound, " to grate," as of doors, &c.: fut. tuvlcna). uae. The present forms, twVKdeo, #VKo, have been merely assumei because of the aorist iflvKov and perfect pueuvica, but do not, in real. ity, exist.-Formed from the sound, like jia, t,uvo, &c.'S2pat, nom. plur. of'i2pa, at, " the Houers," gen. rTiiv'Q2pv. Corisult note. TaT, Epic and Ionic for -rai, and this for ail, dat. plur. LINE 750. fem. of O., it, b, &c. LINE 751.'Avacc7uvat, 1 aor. inf. act of dvaA.2i.et, "to makei to Iha HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 803 Book 5. Line 751-763. DacA," it lcan or press one thiing against another;" and hence "to put back." &c.: fut. drvaAXtovi:. 1 aor. aiEKcaCva.- From dvad ind HIvs,,r6v, accus. sing. neut. of rrvctvo6c, n, ov, "thick,"" dense." Compare Glossary on book ii., 55. KevrpveteKafr, Epic and Ionic for revrpJIveKE1f, aceus. plur. mase. of Kevarpqvei', E'c, "goaded forward."-From K'Y. rpov, "a goad," and }veKcjc, " bearing or leading to a point," "far. rtretching," &c. "T7rarov, accus. sing. masc. of viarog, y, ov, for dnirpra LiNt 756. r70, 1, ov, like the Latin summus for supretmus, "supreme," " highest," &c. In Homer the usual epithet of Jupiter; as, ii7rarog.Kpet6vroav, EeSv, &c.'ESeipeTo, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the middle deponent ifepolat, "to interrogate," " to inquire of," &c.: imperf. itetpd6uyv.-From E' and EpojeaL, with regard to which compare Glossary on book i., 513, s. V. e7pero.. Ncpeei'r, 2 sing. pres. indic. of vezesoifuaLt. Compare Glossary on book ii., 296.'Oacdirov, accus. sing. masc. of odaarcTo, r7, ov,' Epic ant LINE 758.'Ionic for oadireor, a, ov, and this last a poetic form of ao'C, r, ov, "how great." L EKr]oXt, nom.-plur. masc. of gE'KqOC, OV, poetic collateral LINE 759. form of eiabPot, "at rest," "at one's ease." Probably from the same root as ie)dv and EICrrt, X~ofg being merely a termi. nation; and Ksft, "to- charm,". " to soothe," is to be derived from FjcijXog, not vice versd. (Buttmann, Lexil., s. v., 6.)'Avgvre.C, nom. plur. masc. 2 aor. part. act. of avirut,, ", to iANE 761-. let loose," "to set one upon another," "to incite:" fut.;.viao, &c. Oipuara, accus. sing. of 9ij.tz,', old and Epic genitive le/tavros Compare G(lossary on book ii., 73, s. v. O/yctg. Avypdf, adv., "grievously." —From XvyporS, "grievous," LINE 763.,, sad," "dismal," &c.-Akin to 2Levyoafo, 0oty6iy, aoiytoc and the Latin lugeo, luctus. Ile-rrYyvZa, nom. sing. fem. 2 perf. part. act. of ir2laoou, "to weund,' "to strike," &c.: fut. 7r~{fu: 2 perf. 7riEr2Vyay.'Arodifceat, 1 sing. pres. subj. of the middle deponent iurodio/juL, " to drive away." A. poetic form for. JdcKWo. —From an7r and di. tnat (mid(le c-f the radical did " to flee"), " to frghten aoway," ". to put, tc Jliy lt." t04 IiOMEAIC GLOSSARY.. Book 5. Lizze 765-778. INE 165.'Ay)t, adv., "come." Consult note.'EnropCov. 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of.7rop vvut, "to znczte," A ti wend upon or against one:" fut. 8Er6pao: 1 aor. Zirwpaa. Compare Glossar3 on book i., 10, s. v. s5pae. ElZ0oe, 3 sing. 2 perf. act. of e,', "to be wont or accus LINE 766. tomed:" 2 perf. etoOa, "I am wont," &c., for which ItH,er sometimes uses, also, the Ionic oewa. He2udieEv, pres. inf. act. of 7rel2oc.,, "to approach," but here employed in a transitive sense, "to bring near to," "to cause to appreach:" fut. 7recdaw: 1 aor. ir29a7ca.-'From Xrroxac, "near." 770 pozetd~, accus. sing. neut. of zepoetzdij, ei, Epic and. IjizNErs 770. Ionic for &apoetdc'k, C. (which will hardly be found), " of dark and cloudy look." (Consult note.)-From Ecap and eidow. L 7 Kort1?. Epic and Ionic for acowrtz, dat. sing. of iconey, -, Ij; Epic and Ionic for atoir'a, ad', vz, "a place of observation," "a look-out p.ace." Compare Glossary on book iv., 275, s. v. axO'irtci. Aevacrwv, nom. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of;evaawo, "to look." Compare Glossary on book i., 120.'EwrtOpcaicovat, 3 sing. pres. ind. act. of ertcpcSaKio, "it LiNE 772. spring foruwQrd," " to spring," "to leap," &c.: fut. btr&t)o-,1o0/uae: 2 aor. Eiwr0opov.'TIp7X eg, Epic and Ionic for vl6pXei, nom. plur. masc. of ~p7X/:.',c, " high-sounding."-From ibp, "high," and VXor, "a sound," &c.'I5ov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. act. of the radical iKo, freLznm 773. quently employed by the Epic writers (rarely by others) in place of iKviopat, "to come:" fut. So. Observe that 15ov, though commonly called a second aorist, is, in fact, a blending of the first and second. Compare Glossary on book i., 317, s. v. iKEY, and on book ii., 153. IovtvVv, Epic and Ionic for 7ro2av, accus. sing. of roZv6g,.i7a, V, &c.'ALzN6poa. VV,; accus. sing. of k(6poacj, gf, a, Epic and Ionic for da6poaia, a:, z, "ambrosia," the food of the gods, ai nectar was their drink; and, like this, withheld from mortals, as containing the principle of immortality. Strictly speaking, it is the feminine of ap6p6ato~o, with Edud,, or pop6~ ("food"), understood Compare Glossary on bo)k i., 529, s. v.'Ay6p6oatat, where some ree m arks on the etymology are also given. Tppcoat, dat. plur. fem of rp/po(v, wvog, "timida,"' hAv' XE 7. — From 7,06t, "to tremble," " to quake." &e. HU(MERI( GLOSSARY. M0l Book 5. Line 778-786. lleerlmtatv, dat. piur. of reelt6ci, 6of, i,, "a wood-pigeon, ring-: ion or cushat;" in Homer (who always employs the plural) an emblem of timorousness. The name is derived from the dark color of the hbird, namely, from 7rneeto, "black," " bla.ckish."'lOliara, accus. plur. of WOpa, arog, T6, "a stepa," "a nace."-Akin Vt. rf./ut, "to go." Eio'upevot, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. pass. of eZa6,aNE 782. Compare Glossary on line 203, s. v. ftiAout6vv. AEiovatv, dat. plur. of XZEiov, ovros, 6, Epic and poetic for iEwv, a lion."'12oqodyotatv, Epic and Ionic for iuoodyotr, dat. plur. of Gioqdyof, ov, "raw-flesh-devouring," an epithet usually of savage beasts, and sometimes, also, of savage men, as in Thucyd., iii., 94. Observe the change of meaning when the word becomes proparoxytone, namely, 61tt6ayof, " eaten raw."-From wou6o0, " raw," and QayeZv, "to eat." 2vaoi, dat. plur. of aes, gen. av6c, but oftener masculine LINE 783. than feminine, " a boar," " a sow," &c. Compare Glossary on book iv., 253, s. v. avt. Kcdrpotltv, Epic and Ionic for Kdwrpotc, dat. plur. of KrinpoC, oV, 6, "the boar," especially the wild boar. Compare the Latin aper, and old high German Ebar. Benfey and Pott both refer the root to the Sanscrit kap, as alluding to the uncleanly habits of the animal, and in this way the Latin caper, "he-goat," becomes akin, on account of its rank smell. L Hvae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indiq. act. of a&e, " to shout out," "to shout, call, or cry aloud:- fut. cidavo: 1 aor. 7VaG for in the present and imperfect av- is a diphthong; but in the fu. ture (ivo) and aorist two syllables The root is in Sanscrit wa, " to blow." ZTrgvropt, dat. sing. of g-revrwo, opor, O6," Stentor." ConI.NEI 78J suit note. Eicaalugvh, nom. sing. fem. 1 aor. part mid. of ends, "to see." In. the middle, "to make one's self like to," "to liken one's self to:" fut kel/ate: 1 aor. eada/nl7v. XaXtceo~0v(, dat. sing. mase. of Xa;Kceo0vor, ov, o "brazen-voiced,' i. e, ringing strong and clear.-From XdiYKEO0, " brazen," and 0ovw 4 a Voice." A6vdOaasce, 3 sing. iterative form of the 1 aor. indic act LICE 76. of avdSo, "to shout," "to vociferate:" fut. yo': I ano'i.Jc6a ite-mtive form ai',dlaaKcov. —From aov; AI" x Voice." V ~ o, en}sI HOMERIC GLOSSAWR Book 5. Line 787-81''A~)rTO, ru,)m plur. masc. of ay7lr6r, 6, Jv, "admrtable, Lit s 87. ",, a.mircd,' &c.-From iryayaL, "to admire," "to wondsz at." OiveaCKov, 3 plur. iterative form of the imperf. indic. act LINEr 790. of oixvO, " to go," " to come," " to advance:" fut. ~aar, imperf. 3 plur. 4iXvovv.-The verb o'ivdo bears the same relation to otxotuat, as cKveoyat to.ICu.'EdeidLaav, Epic for Eidelaav, 3 plur. pluperf. indic. act. of deied, "' to fear." Compare Glossary on book iii., 242, s. v. 6et6t6ref.'AvacbdXovra, accus. sing. pres. part. act. of 4vapivxw, LINE 795 " "to revive by fresh air," " to cool," ". to refresh:" fut. EW: 1 aor. avipvfa.-From vcia and pdx(o, "to make cool," &c. L EreIpev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of re[p;, " ta chafe, N &c. Compare Glossary on line 153, s. v. retperT. LI laXIcv, nom. sing. mase. pres. part. act. of SaXo, " to hold." Compare Glossary on book i., 214, s. v. iaxeo.'A7royopyvv, Epic and Ionic for 6arete6pyvv, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 4wrote6pyvvyt, " to wipe away:" fut. airopo6pgo.-From`r7r6 and 6tt6p)vvyt. EiaCaKov, 1 sing. iterative form of the 1 aor. indic. act. of iku, " to permit," "to suffer:" fut. dao: 1 aor. Elaaa, iterative form eacvcov.'Etc7ratdia vElv, pres. inf. act. of c7ratLa(iaoc, " to run fuTLINE 803. ously out," " to rush with fierce look to the fray."-From iE and iraciaaou, with regard to which consult Glossary on book ii., 450. Oij6ag, accus. plur. of Oi6at, ov, a", "Thebes," the wellJINE 804. known city of Boeotia. Another and more poetic form of the name is OU.6q, VC, -. Compare book iv., 378. AaivvaOae, pres. inf. middle of 6davvytu, "to feast," " to banquet." Compare Glossary on book i., 468, s. v. daivvvro.'Eirter6apoOoS, nom. sing. of Er'tr6dto6os, oV,, "a helper." A poetic form for.7rijioCof. — Formed fronm irfFppoOoc, aS d.rap;7p6C from L7ry7p6C, though Lycophron has adopted -r6/o%0of as the simple form.'Ha, Epic for 7v, 1 sing. imperf. indic. act. of eizi, "to ea." Hpoqpovgou, Epic for 7rpo#p6vou, adv, "wCth spirit,' LINE 810. "with alacrity." - From rrp6opv, "with forw'.ard seul," willing," &c. 811Hovif, nom. sing. mase. of iroXvdi,6 igor, " harassing' LzNF: 8111. &c. Literally, "with much c; llision."-I'rom 7ro;i5 and &iltao. " t rush," "' to dart " lHt,.MERIC GLOSSARY 107 Book 5. Line 810-832 &hdviEv, 3 sing. perf. indic. act. of 6dj or dUvn, " to get ilsko,) "to,.Atler into," &c.: fut. 9avo: perf. 6id8vKa.'Ai/Kc,)tov, nom. sing. neut. of'KcpIOS, oV, "heartless."-. LINE 812. From Ci, priv., and Kicp, "the heart." Oiveidao, old form of the genitive for Oiveidov, gen. sing. SE 813. of OiveisLWo, ov, d, "son of (Eneus."'E7rcEdvcau, 1 sing. fut. indic. act. of EIrtecev06), " to hide," LINE 816. I" to conceal:" fut. ao. In Homer, commonly'used in an absolute sense with the negative, as in the present instance, otherwise with the accusative of the thing, as in Od., iv., 744.From erri and KEv0O.'OKVOo, nom. sing. of OEvoc, ov, 6, " a tarrying, or delay;' LiNE 817. 1, from idleness, and so " slothfulness,"' "sluggishness,' "laziness;"'or, 2, from fear, and so " unwillingness to fight," "' cowardice." EiaC, 2 sing. imperf. indic. act. of ecus, " to permit," " to LINE 819. suffer," &c.'AvaXcaio/uat. Consult Glossary on line 443, s. v. dveLINE 822. Xa ero.'AX25Evat, Epic, Doric, and:,Eolic for 6Xd7vat, 2 aor. inf. LINE 823. pass. of ei-t d, "to collect: together," &c. Compare Glossary on line 203, s. v. Eito/Ev'v. Aeisti, 2 sing. perf. imper. act. of dEido, "to fear," and LINE 827. Epic for d6t0tG. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 59, ed. Fishl.) Some, however, refer 6dllOt at once to a form in y (Carmichael, Greek Verbs, p. 70.) ZXeVrov, Epic adverb, "near'," "in close.nset."-Formed LINE 830. from the feminine of aXELdto. Consult note.'"Aeo, Epic and Ionic for 6~ov, 2 sing. pres. imper. of iiota~. Compare Glossary on line 434, s. v. i4rero. TUTxr6v, accus. sing. neut. of TrvKr6O, V, 6v, "meade." LINE 83l. Verbal adjective from revxco: perf. pass. -rrvy/uat, like tetrc'Og.'A?2Lop7rpo6'a; ov, accus. sing. masc. of ai;?.owrp6cfa2o,ov,, "one who turns now one way, now another, who inclines first to one side, then to the other."-As if formed from iXtoJr 7rp6f do t a2ov. LINE 832. I revro, Epic and Ionic for larevro, 3 sing. impeif. indie. of the deponent arreieat; strictly, " to.sqsnd cn the spot," lo stand in a place as if to do something," ". to give sign. of sonoe king by one's attitude ind bezring::" hence' to a suae, 5romisc boast, threaten." &c. PnC8 HONMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5. Line 834-859. Aezaorat, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. (in a mille senas fJNE 834 o NE of avuvw, " to escape notice," &c.; in the middle, ": forget," i. e., to cause a thing to escape one's own notice: fut. 2'ao': 2 aor. i2,aOov: fut. mid.;-?ao/yat: perf. pass. XXaqaayeat.-Lengthene4 frcin a root, AAO-.'EqmcrT5rS1, adv., "forthwith," " zmmediately."-According lx.E 836. to some, from au/a, -l7ret,' no sooner said than done:' iothers, however, more correctly derive it from azfretv, Ieapwrr7ev clutching at," and so, hastily," &c. 88 ytvor, nom. sing. masc. of 07ytvor, t7, ov, "oaken." E 838. -From iyy6,-, "an oak." BptOovavrp, dative sing. of fpptlOoaiv, v,?i, "weight," 839 urdcn."-From fipr8O3, "heavy," &c.'AYev, Epic and Ionic for 5yEv, 3 sing. imperf. ind'. act. of yCi6, " to bear," &c.'EXe, Epic and Ionic for EiXe, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act AINE 841. of fX.', "to direct," &c. ADVE, Epic and Ionic for Edvve, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act of d6vW, "to put on," &c.'A!ioC, gen. sing. of an obsolete nominative'Aif, "Hades," "Plu to," the god of the lower'world. Compare Glossary on book i., 3 s. v.'ALit.''fpiSaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of bpiyw, &c. Com LINJU 851. L pare Glossary on book iv., 307, s. v. bpe5c0aa.'Ai'O7vat, 1 aor. inf. pass. of atcaao; " to cause to stai xINE 854. forth," "to impel:" fut. ci'ea: 1 aor. if'a: 1 aor. pass. iuX1Oqv. The Attic form is aoaw or,7rro: fut. dSW.: 1 aor.',a: I aor. pass. 1,xOYv.'Eir'petae, Epic and Ionic for Erripetae, 3 sing. 1 aor. inLINE 856. dic. act. of brepeidw,- "to drive firmly into," "to thrust into:". fut. aO: 1 aor. irt7'peta. -From i7rrl and ipesid, "to press -cgainst," &c. ZWvvUaerro, 3 sing. iterative form of the imperf. india IUNE 857. pass. of &vrv lt, " to gird:' fut. Caoa. Passive 6,vvvat, "to be girt:" imperf. Ei'vvu7lv, 3 sing. C5vvvro.-Akin to Seyvvut.'Edaapev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of &zirrw, " to tear," "to L:N E 858. rend:" fut. 6d~bo: 1 aor. Edaaa.-Akin to the Latin dap. es, and probably from 6aiw, " to divide." -L:W 859. - vr'eUV, Epic, and Ionic for Eauiraev, 3 sing. 1 a(or. indic act.-of anw, " to draw:" fut. aridaU:!- ao,( aTrai:yp,3r/ itrmaKa. HOMERIC (ULOSSARY. WM Book 5. Lire 860-878.'Evve'X.Xot, nom. plur. masc. of Evvea.u;,ot, at, a, "ninu thousand." Poetic for ivvedi't~ XiAtoz. — From Evvea. " nine," and xtilolt, " a thousand." EnriaXov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. (in an aoristic sense) of EI adiyc, " to shout." —From E-ii and iXcu, with regard to which consult Glossary on book ii., 333. AecaiXeXtt, nom. plur. masc. of EKCidXtOot, at, a, "ten thousaind" Pcetic for dEtcaeKtS Xiltot. —From dtKa, "ten." and Xitot, "l thousand."'A'jp. Consult Glossary on book iii., 381, and the note LINE 864. on the same passage.. KaugaroS, gen. sing. of Ka ua, aro", T6, "heat," especially LINE 865. "the burning heat of the sun."-From eaiw, fut. iKavaow, "to burn." Avcaior, Epic and Ionic for vcfaoi5c, gen. sing. masc. of dvCa7j, iE, "heavy-blowing," 1" blowing ill," &c.-From 6dS and i'utt, "to blow."'OpvvYZEvozo. Epic and Ionic for bpvvjuEvov. Consult Glossary on book iv., 421.'Axeiuv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of 4Xew, " to INE 869. be sad," &c. Used only in the participle. —From ao~X,' pain," "distress."'Oo0Qvp6/uevoC, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of the middle deponent'opo'pofat, " to bewail," &c. Usually derived from aodoo, "lost, undone," and properly, therefore, meaning " to.ook on as lost." L'PiyCTra, accus. plur. neut. of piytarof, t7, ov, "most appallLINE 873' ing," "' most fearful." A superlative from a comparative blyov, with regard to Which consult Glossary on book i., 325. TerTay6reg, nom. plur. masc. of the Epic and Ionic Tery7R/6, syn copated from TETr2lKSC, perf. part. act. of r.(do, "to endure:" fut rXtaoeoeat: perf. Tr?7XlKa. Compare Glossary on book i., 228, s. v.:;'T'Ka'. E' iv, Epic and Ionic for Eaitv, 1 plur. pres. indi(,. act. of elpt But elpev, Doric for Euvat.'Io10Trlt, dat. sing. of 1i6rir, vro7, i, "will, hIst, resolve," Li'.E 874. &c., and hence "planning." Probably the same as tha Sanscrit ishta, from ish, "to dosire." A'avta, accus. plur. neut. of chavAog, ov, Epic and poetic IINE "8. for aiavuof, ov, with regard'o which consult Glossari on ine 403. LINE- 878. AB.or-aeaOa, Epic and poetic for d6e67 juea, 1 plur per.l Y Y 2 1.0 IHOMh.RI( UL JOSSARY. Book 5. Line 879.-892. indio. pass. oi' di M io, " to make subject." Compare Glosslry on boob iii., J83. Ilpor6dXXeat, Epic and Ionic for 7rpog6cUet, 2 sing. pres. LINE~ 879. indic. mid. of xrpoc6XXjo, " to throw, lay, or put upon." In the middle,'' to throw one's self upon another," either by word or deed, "to check," &c.'AvLmer, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of avico, an Epic and LIWE 880. Ionic form for aVinS/tt, "' to set on," "to incite," &c.'Eyeivao, Epic and Ionic for Eiyeivw, 2 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of tLe obsolete yeivo, pass. and mid. yeivo''Ia: 1 aor.: iyeLviv6!7v, " te beget," &c. Observe that yevvda) is in use for yeivco.'Adc;r2ov, accus. sing. masc. of hajct2,og, ov, "invisible," "making invisible," hence " destructive," &c. —From c, priv., and i6Ev. Compare Glossary on book ii., 455, and also note, ad loc. Mapyaivetv, pres. inf. act. of juapyaivwc, " to be frantic," "to LINE 882. rage," &c.-From tadpyo, " raging, frantic."'Av lecEv, Epic for avc7Kev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Mvil7JL/, "to set on," a" to incite," &c.: fut. av7cuo: perf. avet/ca: I aor. 5(vflKa.'Tnrqvelcav, Epic and Ionic for hnr-veyCKav, 3 plur. 1 aor.,INEx 885. indic. act. of 9irobpuo, " to carry or bear away:" fut. bwroic, * 1 aor. V7rwveyica, Epic and Ionic'7rrveuca.-From v7r6 and [pwp 886. Alv v, Epic anid Ionic for alvatc, dat. plur. fem. of alvos, 1LONqE 886- v n, 6v, "dreadful," &c. NEKd(6cac1V, Epic and Ionic for veiaitev, dat. plur. of veKdid o, do,'a heap of slain."-From vElcvg, veKp6c, " a dead body."' Z(65, nom. sing. masc. of A6'C, neuter c.6v, gen. A6, rarer form of (o6S, i, 6v, " alive." —From Xcuo.'Ayevlv6Sg, nom. sing. masc. of atevvo6g, Ov, also a, 6v, "without strength." —From a, priv., and uevoc. Less correctly derived by Doderlein from juFEca, as if signifying "not abiding," "jfletirg," "passing." Tvwratv, Epic and Ionic for TrvraC, dat. plur. of rvTri, iC, i, " a,rew."-Froml rTV7rr, wETvrov. IHapeC,6zevog, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. of the middle YAMN 889. deponent 7raptro,uat, " to sit by the side of:" fut. srapedoffpat.-From raepd and ueotat. Mtvdptce, 2 sing. pres. inrper. act. of ytrlvpi~~, "to complain in a (ow tone," "to moan," "to whimper," "' to whine:" fut. a).-Fromll pwvp~o, " complaining in a low tone," "whining," and this from yizvif, "little," " small." LINE 892'A('.yerov, norn. sing. neut. of 4adaXEroc. om, Ewe HftMERIC GLOSSARY. al Book 5. Line 892-907 e..,thened fcrin of afcxeror, o,' "not to be held bn or che'A Pd," "aun. wontiollable."-From a, priv., and qXo, aXeiv.'TrtELtKC6v, nom. sing. neut. of ETCECKr6C,', r. " yielding." —From n urn and EcKW, " tc yield." 83 rov31, dat. sing. of a7rovd6, 7 C, "' haste," "speed," readiness;" and hence "zeal," " pains," " trouble," "dt igculty." —Fr6m aer'dw, " to urge on.," " to hasten," and akin to the Latin studeo, studium.'Evveatca iv, Epic and Ionic for ivealatf, dat. plur. of Iv1,iNE, 894. eaca, af, i7, " a suggestion, counsel, instigation."-Froin e'vrljyt, " to put in, inspire, suggest.." rFcev, Epic and Ionic for EyEvov, 2 sing. 2 aor. indic, LI" 897. mid. of yiyvo/eat, 4c.'HoOar, 2 sing. imperf. indic. act. of elui, "to be." The LiNE 898. true form would be WacOa; but a6Oagr, which is formed by appending again the C of the person, is regarded by Buttmann as a manifestly erroneous, but yet old and Attic form. (Buttm., Larger Greek Gr., p. 2110, note; Robinson's transl. Compare Pierson, ad 1faor., 283.)'EvlprepoC, nom. sing. masc. of EvEprEpot, a, ov, "lower," "deep. er.' Comparative of icvepot, (v, o', " those below," "those of the deep, beneath the earth."'I)jNa90at, Epic and Ionic for I(aa(ate, 1 aor. inf. of the middle deponent idoelat,' to heal," " to cure:" fut. iaco/eai (Epic and Ionic i~aoy/at): 1 aor. tiaaciurv (Epic and Ionic ilyaiaU/v). -Akin to la tvW.'O7rw, nom. sing. of 07ro'6, oi, o, "juice;" distinguished LiNE 902. from Xv5o'f and Xvuhs, in that bvro' is only vegetable juice, sap, gum: hence the milky juice or resin which flows naturally from a plant, or is drawn off by incision: " the acid juice of the fig-tree," used as rennet (raypiog) for curdling milk. Observe that brrbr is the same as our sap, German saft. Hence 0irnov, opium. XvvEvrSev, 3 sing. I aor. indic. act. of ovutryvvtu, " to put togethr',," "to congeal," " to curdle:" fut. aviu7rw5: I aor. avv-7rlia. —From t7v arid 7r7jyvvVt. KviowvrL, Epic.2ngthened form for ICVKC)VI: dat. sing. pres. part. act. of KVKacw, " to mix:" fut. #cab. o905. Eaev, Epic and Ionic for eaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act LNE of nvvv/z, " to put on another," " to array in:" fut. Ear I aor. Eia, &c.-Lengthened from the root'EQ. La-s 907. NoVTro, Epic and Tor il for EviovTo, 3 plur. imperf In S12 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 5 Line 909. Book 6. Line 1-24. die. of the deponent v9o0uat, "to return." Only used in the preseni and imperfect.'Avdpotcraaugdwv, Epic and Ionic for avdposK-aamv, gen Li-s 909. plur. of avdpoKraaia, ag, i, " slaugh!er of heroes," "slauglr ter Of men."-From h(vwp and iKreivo. BOOK VI. Oid0y, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. of oi6co, "to leave alone, LINE 1,', to abandon:" fut. 6aow.-From oioC, "alone." vIare, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ev6c, " to go straight onLINE 2. ward." Qompare Glossary on book iv., 507, s. v. [Wvaav.'10vvojyvov, gen. plur. pres. part. mid. of 106vo, " to make straight," " to guide in a straight line," " to set fall against," &c.: fut. iOvvw, &c. An Epic and Ionic verb for e6ev6v. —From'v1N, Epic and Ionic form of evbOi, " straight," &c. Tev0paviGlv, accus. sing. of Tevepavl5drr, ov, " son of Teuthranus."-From TedOpavoc, ov,, " Teuthranus." OiKia, accus. plur. of oielov, ov, 6,." a dwelling," " an abode," &c. Strictly, a diminutive from oiKof, but in use not different from it. In Homer the plural is always employed, like the Latin c.des.'Hpkceae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of ipEI&o, " to ward off:" LINE 16. fut. Eao: 1 aor.'piceaa.-Akin to the Latin arcco.'Toravretaar, nom. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. act. of V:.avre17 o, "to come or go to meet," to place one's self in the way " fut. eao.-'From 1v7rt and dvrt&Jo.'Arqv6pa, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of iuravp&o, " to take away." This verb is never found in the present, for the early writers mostly follow Homer in using only the imperfect with aoristic signification, namely, adr7v'pcov, 7hrr'?vpag, irrVJlpa, &c. Observe, moreover that 7rTVlvparo, in Od.; iv., 646; is a false reading. Some take aipeo far the root; others, as Buttmann, ebpedv, evplaecev;.for the simple;.dpa is not found.'EldUrnv, 3 dual, 2 aor. indic. act. of ieo or ldvoe, "Lo ea. ter;" "to go undcr:" fut. v6aeo: 2 aor. Edvv. NfisC, nom. sing. of Ntip, Wdoc, r, Epic and Ionic for Ndif, 2 doc, ~, "a Naiad," a Nymph of fresh-water springs; ds. N'?prlft, of the sea.-From vdo, " oflcw." Xt6reov, accus' sing. masc. ajcertoc, a, ov, "darn.," LINzE 24.," darkling;" especially "in the dark.s" secret' (Cone..l1 lote.; —From Gs(Tr:C, "da'rkncss." RIiMEICRf GLOSSARY. 81 I Book 6. Line 25-40. lolloaiv&o., nomn. sing. masc. pres. part. act. ef wrotiatv&., LINtE 2 4 "to tend," as shepherds do their flocks; "to tend flocks." -From nrot/lv, "a shepherd."'Oeato, Epic and Ionic for oteat, dat. plur. of Uio, btoS, "a sheep.',ompare Glossary on book iii., 198. L 26.'Yo'To~vaaevvc17, nom. sing. fem. 1 aor. i art. mid. of v6roKvc., in the active seldom, if ever, used; in the middle, rroxKVo. uat, said of the woman, "to conceive."-From i'r6 and iK'o.,'Trr7Avae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of avrrovoa, " to relax: LANE 27. fut. ao: 1 aor. i7ri2Lvaa.-From vrr6 and lvwo. My7carg 7d.6yV, nom. sing. of MKgctaVi~'dCr, ov, O, "son o]' LINE 28. Mecisteus."-Frorn MRTitare, ior, o,, "Mecisteus." HIepKcwjatov, accus. sing. masc. of IIepicWator, a, ov, "a PerLIANE 30. cosian," " an inhabitant or native of Percote."-From HIep. i5ry1, Vf,, "Percote," a city of Mysia, south of Lampsacus. NEaropi67 c, nom. sing. of Nea7ropidy7, ov, 6, " son of Ne. LINE 33 tor."-From NEarwp, opog, O, "Nestor." larvL6evror, gen. sing. of armvlo6et, vEro, v o, ", the Sat~INE 34. niois," a river, or, rather, large forest-brook of Troas. Consult note.'Eijitiirao, old form.of the genitive for the later epiipEtrov, gen. sing. masc. of ~iViPEerlT, ov, 6, and this Epic and Ionic for tepeir'T, or, 6, "fair-fiowing."-From ev and kie', "toflow.". Airertvlv, accus. sing. ferm. of atlretlv6, a, 6v, "lofty," &t TINE 35. -From ai7rvC,'"lofty."'ATrv;OevO, nom. dual, pres. part. pass. of'r6voyiat, "to be LINE 38. distraught from fear," "to be amazed, bewildered." The active 6rev'o, fut. A5, " to strike with terror or amazement," occurs first in Theocritus, i., 56, and Apoll. Rhod., i., 465.-From (itrio) pass. araoftat, "to suffer,"" to be in distress." B 39. Ovra, nom. dual, 1 aor. part. pass. of P3TWro,', to disable, weaken, hinder, entangle," &c.: fut. P21B&: 1 aor. pass. Et6ldMa0lv, but more usually 2 aor. pass. i6:d7lyv, which is nearer the root BAAB.-After Homer, this verb is employed, in general, in the sense of "to harm, damage, hurt,"' &c. Mvpuocdv,, dat. sing. masc. of LZvptietvoC, 7, ov, "of the tamarisk." — From,lUvp1i., "' the tamarisk." Consult note.'AFavre, nom. dual, 1 aor. part. act. of /yvvut,.' to break " LiNE 40. 40 fit. 6o: I aor. Easa, Epic Idja, Homeric 1 aor. part. aifaf, but also E6Sac in Lysias:-2 aol. pass. il)-7v: 2 perf. act Maya. Epic and tIric -yYa. 14 HOMERIC GLOSSARY Book 6. Line 41-57.:,o6eovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid. of io6die, " to,rir'e u'wtt lANE, 41. fear," " to frzohten:" in the middle, "to fear," " to dread;" in Homer, especially, "to flee:" fut. Rao, &c.-From Qb66o., "fcar,' " terror."' TpoX6v, accus. sing. of rpoxod, oV, O, " a wheel," &c. ObLINE 42. serve here the accentuation, rpoX6O being " a wheel;" but rpoxog, "a running," " a course," &c. Both are from rpiXo,' to run. "'Eesv;tioaO7, 3. sing. 1 aor. indic. pass. of CEKKscvXtio, or ~iv&, " to rol out:" fut. aw: 1 aor. eutc62tKaac: 1 aor. pass. ifEKvX;laOy7v.-From eA and Kvtiuo. Z4 ypet, 2 sing. pres: imper. act. of 4wypt'o, 1" to take alive.' Compare Glossary on book v., 698. Ketu7aXta, nom. plur. of KicFetttov, ov, 76, 1" any thing storea LINE 47. up as valuable property," "a treasure or precious thing." Strictly, a neuter from icelt eto',e ov, o" treasured up," &c.; and this from Keduae. Hlo2Lv Z#Tr, nom. sing. masc. of rro2Lvwa7r6,f, 6v, "prepared LINE 48. with much toil," "mxch or well wrought." -From 7ro;l, and Ks/[vO. XapiaaLro, 3 sing. 1 aor. opt. mid. of the deponent Xapi4TINE 49. oliat, "to offer willingly," " to give gladly," &c.: fut. mid. rapioolatL: I aor. ixaptati~jv, &c.-From X6pi', "a favor," &c. IHervOoIro, 3 sing. of the reduplicated 2 aor. opt. mid. of LINE 50..vv0divoeat, " to learn," properly, by making inquiries: fut. mid-. wreov'aac: 2 aor. mid. Eirve66,ov, and, with reduplication rre7rv006/j7v.-According to Ernesti and Pott, akin to wrdvvdca, 7rvO/YV, and so, strictly speaking, " to search to the bottom." Kara:tteev, Epic, Doric, and ZEolic for KardetEv, fut. inf. act. of Kareayw, " to lead down," "to lead away:" fut. cKarci, — From K'ara and ayws. 8Oiv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of itw, "to run'9 LNE 54 -fut. uev.oaaet, &c. Consult note as to the accentuation. K7jdeat, 2 sing. Epic and Ionic for iKjee, 2 sing. pres. in. die. mid. of icthdw, " to vex:" in the middle, "'to care for,' "to be concerned for." Compare Glossary on book i., 56, s. v Airv'v, accus. sing. masc. of at7rviS, e 1a, I, " high and LINE 57. steep," "high," "lofty," and so, " headlofig," "sudden," said of that into which one falls headlong, and can not escape. fence airv'v hOeOpov in the present passage, i headlong des!tiuction IIOMER [C' GLOSSARY. 816 Book 6. Line 60-74.'Efa6roaoiaro, Epic and Ionic for ian r oiv'r J), 3 pliu.: aor. opt. mid. of Eiarwro6Uvtl, "to destroy utterly:" in the mid. die, 4air6XL2Xvtat, ", to perish utterly."-From Eic and inr6?Zbvut.'AOtdEaTot, nom. plur. masc. of aK6deerog, ov, 1"uncared for," especially "unburied," "without funeral honors." -From a, priv., and IK7di&, "to grieve," " to care for."'A~avroi, nom. plur. masc. of c0avnror, ov, "inviszble," " made away with," "' blotted out," " without a trace." - From a', priv., and da'volya, " to appear." AaqtLa, accus. plur. neut. of alatpoc, ov, and also a, ov, JLNE 62. ", appointed by fate," "fated," "destined;" hence, " agreeable to the decree of fate," and so, " meet," "right," "fitting."- From alaa, "fate."'i/Qaaro, 3 sing. I aor. indic. mid. of b0eCo, " to push," " to thrust,-' &c.: fut. bOajeo, and (as if from a radical form W50w) (aeo. The other tenses follow the fut.,dae, as 1 aor. Elaa: perf. &eKa, &c.1 aor. mid. wooEjun7v and ieoaedC v, &c. Consult note as to the force of the middle here.'Averp&rEro, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. mid. of ivarpwreo, " to LINE 64. turn up or over," " to overturn," " to throw down." In the middle, "to fall over," &c.: fut. 4:o; 2 aor. mid. ierTpaz6.ouv.From acvi and rpEreo.'Efiaeraae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of E&caraeo, " to draw out:" fut. eo: 1 aor. EaeFraaa.-Frojn iec and earcw.'EeiKE0ero, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. of the middle deponent ce.KLINE 66. atLINE 66, to call to or on:" fut. KEXaeeuatc: 1 aor. ExelVuapY: 2 aor. Homeric, EKEE726L/nv, which must be regarded, in effect, as a syncopated. form of the reduplicated i&eaeEaJO'nv. Observe that KEit opai properly is a kind of poetic form for Ke2ervwo, and, like it, sig. nifies, strictly, "to s6t in motion, urge on, cnmmand," &c. Some.times, however, as in the present case, it adds to the signification of ePieoEV that of ea:E'o.'Evaipav, gen. plur. of Evapa, ev, 76 (used only in the plu. ral), " the arms," &c., " of a slain foe," " spoils," " booty." — Akin to Ivepoc, and so convejing strictly the idea of their ownei being sent to the nether world. L -NE 71 Te6Ovr3raf, accus. plur. of e6Vr7S, &ro, Epic a nd Ionic fo. i 1 e0vetse, perf. part. act. of OvraKec, synce pated from reIvrt. Krc, &c.'AvacKE7,ict, Epic and Ionic for ava;t eioatf, (lat. pluir. o: LXNE 74. dava:XEta, a:, a, "want of strength" "spirie'lessnesa."From C1. prrr., antd tXh, " strngth." ~16 UIHOMEtIC GLOSSARY Book 6. Line 78-93.'EyK60calTat, 3 sing. perf. indic. pass. of e) cilvo, " to o~4m L:xz 78. upon," &c.: fut. EyiK2vC: pert: act. CYI6CK2LtKa: pert pass. eyK/KaIltat, &c.-From Ev and OcLivw.'106v, accus. sing. of i~iig, voS, 4, "a direct impulse,". "an zmpulse;" then, "a plan, undertaking, purpose," &c.-From l0VW, "straight," "direct," &c. ZTrTre, 2 plur. 2 aor. imperative act. of ZTl/tjU, " to place," IINE 80. &c.: fut. oarao: perf. iaTCKa, "I stani:" 2 aor. cariv,' I stood."'EpVKaiKe7E, 2 plur. 2 aor. imper. act. of EpvoKw, "to restrain," and the reduplicated form for ipv9KEre. Thus, 2 aor.'puvov, reduplicated form 7piiaKiov, &c. Heaoiev, Epic and Ionic for qreadEv, 2 aor. inf. act. of 7rirrrT, INE 82. " to fall." Compare Glossary on book i., 243.'ETrorpdvnrov, 2 dual pres. subj. act. of Hrorpivuo, ". to stht LINE 83.up," "to arouse," &c.: fut. vvd, &c. -From Erri and brpdvc'''Ewreiyet, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of Ewretyw, "to urge;" in LIx. 85.. the middle, "to hasten." Compare Glossary on book ii., 354. rnpatdt, accus. plur. fem. (yvvaviaaf being understood) of LINE 8'7. LINE 87 ypac,, 6v, "old." In Homer, however, always con. pected with notions of dignity and rank, and hence, "of rank," "' venerable," &c. Oifaaa, nom. sing. fem. I aor. part. act. of oiyvvtue or [,:~. 89. otyovwc, " to open:" fut. o)l: I aor. Via: 1 aor. part. oiao', acoa, av. The Epic poets, however, usually divide the diphthong in the augmented forms, and hence we have frequently, in Homer, RZev, &i'Zav, and- imperf. pass. &iyvvvro. The compound avoiyw, aveoiyvvlt, is much more frequent than the simple form. Korfl'I, dat. sing. of Kc7tcS, iof, 4l, Epic and Ionic for ic?7eic, eZ5o~, t, "a key." XapLaraiog, nom. sing. masc. of XapeCrarof, 7, ov, " most elegant." Superlative of xapietc, ieca, iev, "pleasing," " agreeable," and this from XapL.'TYroqXtaOat, 2 aor. infin. mid. of VtLaXvI opOca, contracted LxnE 93. J -oiuat. Strictly, "to hold one's self under;" hence, " to ake upon one's self," i. e., " to undertake, promise, engage," &c. fut, ViroaXcoluat: 2 aor. VT7re- a6iX5)v, &c. This verb virsa,yvEouai is, strictly, only a collateral form of gi5rxopat, which accordingly sup. plies several of its tenses. HIOMERIC GLOSSAR.Y, 81 Book 6. Line 63-114.. Nioviq, accus. plur. of ioi5,,o06, " Cattle," &c. Compare Glosaart )ook i., 154.'HvCL, accus. plur. (contracted from ijptac) of 7vtC, o.,, [I xE 94. nom. plur. pvtC, "a yearling," "a year old."-From Ivoc, "a year."'HKEagra, accus. plur. fem. of Cearo,,,, Epic and Ionic foi.eaTro,'1"ungoaded,"' said of animals which have never yet been worked; such as were used in sacrifices.-From a', priv., and ica r:jf, "pricked."'Airoaxy, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of dwrety, " to keep away:",INE 96. fut. 60E6S:: 2 aor. 67reaxov.-From'ird and ~XO LINE 97. M7arcopa. Consult Glossary on book v., 272. LINE 99.'Eleidquev, Epic syncopated form for'edeiajlev, 1 plur. plun perf. indic. act. of deido, " to fear." Compare Glossary an book iii., 242, s. v. dcelt6re7.'Opxapuov, accus. sing. of hpxalzoC, ov, 6; strictly, " the first of a row," " a file-leader;" hence, in general, "the first," "a leader." — From 6pxog, "a row."'IoeapiSetv, pres. inf. act. of laoqapio, "to make one's LINE 101. self equal," " to match one's self with," "to vie with."From laof and ~epo, and so, properly, iuaoepi5co. A~Sav, Epic and Ionic for ln7Fav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. 1~N~ I07. act. of 2.7yu, "to cease from," "to leave off:" fut. cj:o. C:':mpare Glossary on book i., 210, s. v. R2ye.,fdv, Epic'and poetic for EfirlaTv, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of 8ot'i, &c.'AReCicovra, accus. sing. mase. fut. part ai.t. of fUoiw, LINEx 109., "to aid," " to lend aid to:" fut. I'ao. Compare Glossary ~ n book i., 590, s. v. u2degyUevat.'E2.gAtxOev, Epic for t~eT~X0o71aav, 3 plur. I aor. indic. pass. of ta(.ioW. Compare Glossary on book v., 497. Mv'aaa0e, 2 plur. 1 aor. imper. of the middle deponent LINE 112-.,viouiat,, " to bethink one's self," "to remembe":" fut. puy cuat: I aor. Etv7cdj(iLrv. Compare Glossary on book i., 407, s. v. lzv1.7aaa. Beiw, Epic and Ionic resolution for PiS, 1 sing. 2 acr. subj. act. of flalvo, "4to go." Consult Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 38, ed. Fishl. Bov2evractv, Epic and Ionic for t3ovXevraaf, dat. plur. of INE t14. flovlevrir, oi, o, "a counselor," "o-oe who sits in council.' — Froin jovXsiV, and his from jfovh. Z zi 818 ndOMEi-.C GLOSSARY Book 6. Lin i 115-132. Aaiejoatv, dat. plur. of daiiorp,'vog, aq god," " a g iddess, LINE a deity."'Apuaaaoat, 1 aor. inf. of the middle deponent apdoaoal, "to pray:" rut. ('paiojaat, Epic and Ionic dpfaozatL: 1 aor. I'paadci/v, Epic and Ionic 7lpja/(1,u7v.-From J(pa, "a prayer." LINE vpa, accus. plur. of o6bvp6v, oi, r6, "the ankle."-Aklr t 17o aTretpa, apalpa, from the notion of roundness common to them all. Asp/a, noMn. sing. of dJtua, aroC, r6, " the skin, hide of beasts."From diEp, " to skin," " toflay."'AvrvS. Consult Glossary on book v., 262, s. v. avrvyot LINE 118. and note ad loc. IvPlcdr7, nom. sing. fem. of rvi/aroC. Consult Glossary on boob Iv., 254, s. v. irvjdirac. Weev, Epic and Ionic for k0EEV, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. (!f hwe " to run:" fut. Oe&vaoiat. 20 VV"Tv, Epic for avpveirvV, 3 dual, imperE indic. act. ol LisE 120. aVvenUt,'to go or come together." ~ pWTre, voc. sing. of Eplwrog, i, oY, "most valiant,' LINE 123.,, I LINE 123 "bravest," " best," &c.-From ~0peo, like the Latin fortis from fero. 1Orwxra, 1 sing. of the Epic and Ionic second perf. act. of opoLNE 12, " to see:" perf. pdca, &c. Observe that 6rco7r~ is never used by the Attic prose writers. LAwva.'?vwv, gen. plur. masc. of 6dvarovof, ov, "unfortunate, LINE 127 "wretched."-From 6div and ariovw, "to groan," &c.'Avvr6oalv, Epic lengthened form for adrtcaev, 3 plur. pres. indic act. of advrlw(, "to encounter," &c. Compare Glossary on book i. 31, s. v. avrt6cacav. apvavroE; gen. sing. of Apvac, avror, o, "Dryas," the fa LINE 130. ther of King. Lycurgus. The name, properly means' Oak-man,'" and, comes from dpV3, dpvP6, i, "at oak." AvK6opyo0, nom.. sing. of AvK6opyor, o', 6, Epic for AvKovpyoc, ot, 6, "'Lycurgus," son of Dryas, and king of the Edones in Thrace Consult note. -A1sovdaoo, Epic and Ionic for Aiovviov, gen. sing. of At LiNE 132.'. LINE 132. ovo, o, "Dionysus,"." Bacchus," god of wine vine yards, and of high enthusiasm; son of Jupiter and Semele. TtO6vaf,' aecus. plur. of -r-Ovn,- n c, I, "a nurse." Strictly, the feminine of retOnv6, "' nursing," and this.from r&6O, a rare col 3tera form of rirOG, "the teat or nizpple of a woman's b:cast." hOMERIC GLOSSARY. 81dj Book 6. Line 133-143. Zebe, Epic and Ionic for'aaevE, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act of acdw, " to put in quick motion," " to chase," " to drive.' Compare Glossary on book iii., 26, s. v. aevuvras. NvaZ'iov, accus. sing. neut. of Nvrnaiof, a, ov, "Nysel tcn' "of o, belonging to Nysa."-From Niaa, r/, a, "Nysa," a mountain of Thrace. Consult note. OE3 a62a, accus. plur. of HvtaO)?a, sv, ri7, "the sacred i.r, plements of the Bacchic Orgies," the thyrsus, &c.-From vio, " to rave," &c. KUtrIxevav, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. act. of tamra.i~, " to pour down," "to let fall," &c. Compare Glossary on book iii., 10, s. v. icaTrxeve. OEtvef6evac, nom. plur. fem. pres. part. pass. of erivco, " te NE 135 strike," " to beat." Compare Glossary on book i., 588, s o. tEevo#E~vlV. Bovwr;,yt, dat. sing. of pov -t;w,,yo;, a, "an ox-goad." —From L3ov and wr)cavo,'" to strike:" 2 aor. pass. i1rir;LyYv. Av'ero, Epic and Ionic for idaTE7ro. Consult Glossary on book iii., 328. rYre6egaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of vrrodeio!zat,, " to receive:" fut. vroi.'opat l: 1 aor. mid. v'redegyflv.-From V7rr and 6dXoiuat, the literal meaning of the verb being " to receive under," i. e., " to entertain;".and so here to receive and shelter. K6L7.w, dat. sing. of xo62,rof, ov, o, " the bosom," " lap." Modern Greek KO5Xoft, whence the Italian golfo, and our gulf. Probably, also, akin to the Latin glob-us.'O/oK2V, dat. sing. of uYoieh'., f,'7 Strictly, " a calling LINEj 137. out together," " a shouting of several persons;" but usually " any-loud calling or shouting to a person," whether to encourage o0 upbraid; and hence here "a threatening shout."-From 6t60r, 6to5o.' together," " at once," and tcaz&e.'Od6aavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of the deponent obda LINE 138. ao/aet, " to be incensed at." Only used in 1 aor. mid. Wd'va. 6/urjv (without augment, bdvatil7jv), and 3 sing. perf. pass. bd66dvoral (for dalvarat), with present signification. The root is probably d6v-, Sanscrit dvish, "to hate," and so akin to the Latin odisse, as alsc to obd'potZet, bO6lvy, &c. Tvocoiv, accus. sing. masc. of rv~;6.r, a, 6v, "blind."[INE 139. Probably shortened from rv0e?.6Er, and this derived from -~V, and so, strictly,-" smoky," "mnisty," "'darkened." IHEipara, accus. plur. of freipap, and also i paf, aror', r6 AE 143oetic, and especially, for p, the en jioetie, and especially Epic, for q-gp Zr, a roc, r6, "the end Z2t - IHOMERIC GLOSSAIi;'. Book 6. Line 143-160. jssue, oi completionz of a thing,"' "the farthest or.ighez it pvit,"'." A cxtreme." [Kiu1at, Epic and Ionic for tci, 2 sing 2 aor. snbj. mid. of ievdo-. cat, "to arrive at," &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 19, s., izioaOat.'Epee~vetg, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. of peEivo, " to ask,' "to inquire after."-Like Epoyat, and derived from it. Xfe, Epic and Ionic for Xei, 3 sing. pres. irdic. act. of 147, " to po ur," " to scatter:" fut. Xea&,,, &c. TZ?-E66OJGa, Epic lengthened form for wryeildaa, norn. LisP. 148. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of r72,eX0&, "to bloom." A Lengthened form of c;AUwo, rEy712a.'EapoC, gen; sing. of eap, fapof, r6, " the Spring." Strictly, F'ap, with which compare the Latin ver, and the Persian behdr. L 1'Awo%'yet, 3 sing. pres. indic. act. of a ooXQyo, ".to cease," LiNE 149 T L' to leave off:" fut. o.- From 4.r6 and 7,ryo, "to cease." Aaczevat, Epic, Doric, and _/Eolic for dacvat, 2 aor. infin. T,,NE 150. pass. of the radical form uia,, "to teach:" 2 aor. pass. t.6drv, "I was taught:" infin. 6deavat, "to be taught," i. e., "to (earn."- Akin to 6'co, 6d-6udicK, to the Latin discere, docere, and perhaps to dic-ere, ebilc-tcvv1t. NE Iaaavv, 3 plur. of odMa, with regard to which consult Glossary on book i., 343.'EL1 vpr7, nom. sing. of'EbOpV7, y7g, Epic and Ionic fot LqINE 152.'E0T pa, aC, 4, " Ephyra," the earlier name of Corinth; ac-:ording to Pausanias, derived from Ephyra, the daughter of Ocean7s. Consult note. MvX65, dat. sing. of yvjXo, oi, o, " the innermost place or part,"' tfa inmost nook or corner," " the farthest nook." —From UV.o, "to -.dose," "to be shut." Aioid6Sg, nor. sing. of AloidC7S, ov, o, "son of 0Eolus." i -From Aioaor, "Eiolus."'Hvopfyv, accus. sing. of Vvopkq, 77g, 7, Epic and Ionic for {.UNE 156., 7Ivopga, ar, 4j, "'manliness," " manly spirit."-From 4vwjp.'frraav, 3 plur. I aor. indic. act. of bra't6o, "to make to LINE 15-. follow," "to send as a companion," &c.; and hence "'r give," " to bestow." Compare Glossary on book v.,'334.'ET7/caro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. of the middle deponent jLsdo/xaE, $" 4 deise," "'to plan:" fut. r/ao, uaL: 1 aor. itrao/prv.-From pdoro, " plan," " any thing planned and done' uniogly." LIUN 160.'Eerju-varo. 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid of',rmaiavopae, aOMERIC GLOSSARY. S21 Book 6. L:ne 160-169' to be mnzd aflte," " to have a f:-rantic desire for:" fut.'trl/~,oojVa lva per'f: Ekrtpyuva. —From irE and ptaivoyat.'Avreta, norn. sing. of'Av-reta, af, ij, "Antea," daughter of tIobatezs king of Lycia, and wife of Proetus, king at Tiryris in Argolis. The Greek tragedians call the wife of Proatus Sthen(}bcea. T1'evaaaEivV, nom. sing. fern. 1 aor. paris. of the middle de163. ponent edolat, "to speak falsely," "to utter a falsehood:" fut. ipe'vaoeac: 1 aor. beuvadinv. Observe that this depo. rent is of earlier and more common use (in'Homer, as in later Greek,) than the active pvpdco, "to belie," "to ci eat by lies," " to beguile," &c. TeOvagiyc, 2 sing. perf. opt. act. (syncopated form) of LINE 5164. avaKrO. Consult Glossary on book iii., 102, s. v. rEOvaiyl. KdKcrave, Epic for icaraKrave, 2 sing. 2 aor. imper. act.,a KaraTretvrJ, " to put to death:" fut. KaraicTevw: perf. KareICrova - - From sarca and 1creivo. LINE 165.'EOEeev. Consult Glossary on book i., 112, s. v. Oey.ov.'AaEEtve, Epic and Ionic for rA2etve, 3 sing. imperf. indic iriEs 167. I act. of dXeeivco, " to avoid," " to shun." — From 62u1, " wandering." 1e6daoaro, Epic and Ionic for Eaeidaaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. of the middle deponent aeSbaotjat, " to have a religious dread of a thing:" fut. ae6dcoulat: 1 aor. Fae6caadcuv. - From ae6af, "reverential awe," "a feeling of awe. and shame," which rises to prevent one's doing something disgraceful. Avicjv6de, adv., "to Lycia," "Lyciaward." Compounded LINE 168. of AVKtiV, Epic and Ionic for AvKiay, accus. sing. of AvKia, ao, u, " Lycia," and the local ending, or suffix, de, denoting motion toward. Consult Excurs. v., p. 427. Il6pev, Epic and Ionic for cropev, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of form rr6po, assumed as a present for it; strictly, " to bring to pass, "to contrive;" and hence "' to give," "to deliver unto," &c.: pert pass. trecirprouat, "to be one's portion or lot;" hence re-rp7orat, 3 sing.,' it has been or is fated," and rinrpwro, " it had been or was fated."Akin to nr-pof, in the sense of " a way or means of achieving," &c. rpdpbar, norm. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of ypcaoi; in [Ltm 169. Homer occurring only in the signification of " to grave, scratch, scrape," and not to write, which las t meaning comes in at a later period. (Compare Wolf, Prolegom. I lxxxi., seqq.) IlivaKt, dat. sing. of,ri[z, acKOs, o. Strictly," a board," "a plank;' hence said of many things made of flat wood. and thus "a tablet," Zzz2 822 1lOM ERWC CG-LOSSARY. Book 6. Line 169-179. for maiking or graving upon, and, at a later period,'. grtzreg tablet," &c. (Consult note.)-According to Hemsterhu.s, from q old word, brivos, i. e., pinus, and so, strictly, a deal board. But, ace cording to Buttmann (Ausf. Gr., ~ 16, Anm., i., n.>l, from xr2.6t; so that, according to the Dorian custom, v would be put for?, and t lhe inserted, as in irlvvroC. IR7vKlT, dat. sing. masc. of -rrvlcrdo, j, 6v, "folded." (Consult rate.)-From 7rrvaoJ, " to fold.'-' Ovpyooipa, accus. plur. neut. of 5vttobOpoc, or, "harassing the soul," " heart-crushing," "heart-breaking;" and hence, "deadly," b: aneful."-From -vuo6c, and (0eipw, "to corrupt, spoil, ruin," &c. LINE 170.'Hvlyeiv. Consult Glossary on book li., 280, s. v. av6yel.'i2t (), dat. sing. masc. of the possessive pronoun ot. ic,'v, f" hzs 4er own," for which the Epic and Ionic form is io', e, 6~v. IHevOep), dat. sing. of TrevrOp6f, oV, 6, " a father-in-law," another ilomeiic term for which is ieKvpd6, though this term also signifies 1" a step-father." By later writers nrevepi6 is employed to denote, gen erally, a connection by marriage, e. g., " a brother-in-law," "a son-inlaw," &c. Pott compares the Sanscrit bandhu, "a relation," from the root bandh, ".to join," our bind, bond; to which, also, the Latin af-fin-is probably belongs. (Etym. Forsch., i., 251.) TIo/71r7,, dat. sing. of'ro/u7r~, F:,, "a sending," "a disAME 1i71. patching under an escort or in company," strictly for the make of protecting, guiding, &c.; and hence "guidance," &c.From 7r-,urru,' to send." LINE 172.'Uc. Consult Glossary on book v., 773, s. v. io6v.'H-ree (areE), Epic and Ionic for,UEe, 3 sing. imperf. im [at~E 16. LAINE 176. Idii,. act of abrg-i, "to ask:" fut. ~crco. X{zatpav, accus. sing. of Xizatpa, ar,,; properly, "a sheLINE 179. goat," and then, " the Chimaera," a fire-spouting monster of Lycia, slain by Bellerophon. (Consult note.)-Properly the feminine of Xiuapor, " a he-goat." The Dorians are said to have called only the young she-goat of the first year Xi/latpa (and also t Xi.apoq), but an older one aiU, a distinction which seems to be made by Theocritus, i., 6.'A.aqpaslairyTv, accus. sing. fem. of d/sllautiKceroT,, Vo,, "irresistible," "insupportable," "huge," "enormous." An old poetic word, first occurring in Homer in the present passage. According to the grammarians, from aKpppo', or zuaquSw, but better from ii/zaro, pa-.?aXoC, by a kind of reduplication, and so implying that which is nro to be battled against; a, priv., and udiX,. '()MILERIC GLOSSARY. 8 2 Book 6. Line 180-195. lIe~tvetve, Epic, Doric, and 2Eolic for ree e.v, 2 aor. in,!JNE 180. act. of the:obsolete radical bEvcO, "to slay;:" 2 aor. 1tre.*.,v (shortened from the reduplicated form VErxevov): 2 aor. inf rrEqveov (shortened from rreevelv). —No doubt akin to ad(co. Aioo.1kiolo, Epic and Ionic for aiojLgvov,; gen. sing. pres. LIN. 182. part. pass. of alco, "'to light up," "ta kindle:" in the oassive, " to blaze," though rarely found here save in the participle ai6o/eevor, the inf. aOeacOat, and the imperfect aiOero. Compare the root atO-, in a0oc, with the Sanscrit 6dh, ",to burn," the Latin ad-, mn es-tus, the old high German eit, &c. (Benfey, Wurzellex. i., 259.) - 1 2o1yotat,L Epic and Ionic for Zovituotc, dat. plur. of X6 LiNE 184. Avvo't, cv, oi, "the Solymi," an ancient people of Lycia Consult note. Max'azoaro, Epic and Ionic for ituaXeaaro, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of twi;ioyat, "to fight:" fut. laxia6ouat: 1 aor. t axeaulZqv. —From A~tueYat, Epic, Doric, and.,Eolic for 63,vat, 2 aor. inf. act. LINE 185. LINE 185 f 6td), " to enter into," " to engage in:" fut. daoe: 2 aor ldvv. LINE 189. Eiae. Consult Glossary on book i., 311, s. v. edaev. A6xov, accus. sing. of;X6Xog, Ov, 6, "an ambuscade."-From Xieyc, 4' to cause to lie down." Kar-EpvKc, Epic and Ionic for KarTpviKEe 3 sing. imperf. in rINE 192. INE 192die. act. of KaE-rpv'Ko, "to detain:" fut. So.-Fromn Kard and epvKO,; to restrain," &c. B3aaL;ritdog, gen. sing. of faacrXyic, doc, 4/, a peculiar feminine of paaoiteloc, ov, o "real," " kingly." —From /faa6A evg. "HuIlav, accus. sing. neut. of tzuavg, eta, v, "half." Homer mostly uses itiuav, with a genitive, " a half," "' the half;" though in the plu.. ral he sometimes makes utZaetSf, &c., agree with the substant Ye. Some supply pipoc with'iuav, but it is much better to regard it at conce as hkaving the force of a substantive. Tiuevoc, accus. sing. of Tripevor, eeo, r6, 1" a piece of land LINE 194. cut or marked off, assigned as a private possession," usually "inclosed corn land," &c.; hence, generally," an incloszure." In a more special sense, "' a piece of land marked off from common uses, and dedicated to a god."-From rt-vo, S" to cut off." LINE 195.4vrai2.tu, Epic and Ionic for 0vra'iaG, gen. sing. ef ovra. 2'a, ac, y, "a planted place," "' plantation land,' as opposei'o -mlorn larit (Apovpa). —From t)ro6v "a plant," &c. H JMERIC GLOSSARY Book 6. Line 195-208.'Apo6prq,. Epic and Ionic for acpov'pa, gen. sing. of i povpa, ar, # "tilled or arable land," " seed land," " corn land;" answering to thW Latin arvum. Also, in general, like y7, "ground," "soil," "land." — From aip&o, " to till." N?1iotro, 3 sing. pres. opt. mid. of vieo, "to deal out," "to das tribute:" fut. vEud: 1 aor. Evetua. In the middle, "to possess." fConsult note.) From Pindar downward the active is also found in the signification of the middle, " to hold," "to possess." Then again, as the owner occupied his own land, we have the middle, also, in the sense of " to dwell in," " to inhabit." The signification 4' to feed" is immediately connected with that of "to dwell in," since, with the early pastoral tribes (voucde&), pasturage established possession. IIapeiRgearo, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. mid. of xrapa2iyow, "to LINE 198. put, lay beside or near:" in the middle, "to lay one's self beside or near," &c.; in Homer, usually of clandestine intercourse. -From nrapi and;Vyo, "' to cause to lie down."'A2/ijov, accus. sing. neut. of'Ar,'wnc, a, ov, "A.lean,",. LIN E 201. e., of wandering. (Consult note.) —From 63w, "a uwandering."'A1aro, Epic and Ionic for rljaro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. of the deponent ad2dolaL, " to wander." The more usual prose verb is 7r6aviiaOa.-e F om -7?, "a wandering." K ar7dv, nom. sing. pres. part. act. of Kariwd, " to devour," LTNE 202. "to consume:" fut. cKardouat: perf. Ka7re6dOKa, and also KarEjcdha. —From haard and Edo, "to cat." TidroV, accus. sing. of rdi-rog, ov, 6, 1" a path," "a haunt." Propsrly, "a beaten or trodden path." The root appears in the Sanscrit pad, "to go;" hence patha, our " path." LE 205. X IXpvo tofg, nom. sing. fem. of;pvavtlog, ov, " the golden. reined," " with reins of gold."-From Xpva6g and'via, reins.''Eerea, 3 sing. of the Homeric syncopated 2 aor. indic. act. of xre~Vn., " to slay:" fut. vrevy: 1 aor. cXKTel-va: 2 aor. (ordinary form) * hTrvov: Homeric syncopated 2 aor. EICTrV, *ac, -a, plur. ETUsralev &c., and 3. plur. EKr7a for lreaavav. (Buttnmann, Irreg. Verba, p 158, ed. Fishl.)'Apdareetev, pres. infin. act. of pltarevo, "to be lptow,'," LINE 208. ", to be best or bravest," " to be conspicuous for vae,,s -" rut. a. —From iptarof, 1" best," " bravest." bnrr/foXo. n'oetic and Ionic fc:r ter'poXov, accus sing Bmaw. HO),MER1U GLOSSARY 82n Book 6. Line 209-233.,jC-,ipoX1oC, ov, "superior," "distinguished above.'-From Ijre,~,txw pietic and Ionic for VirepfXwo. AiaXv1;/rv, Epic, Doric, and AEolic for aiaXv5etv,l pres. LINE 209. inf. act. of aiaxvuv, " to disgrace," "to bring shame upon:1' flut. vv&.-From alaxog, "shame," " disgrace." KarvilpSev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Kara'rriyvv/t, "' td L. 2 1 313. fix down:" fut. KaraT'j: 1 -aor. KarEirSa.-From xara a'd 7iry7rvvyt,y "to fix."'EpfSaC, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of 1pJ,.cc.' te LLNF, 217. detain:" fut. 5u: 1 aor. i7pvca.-Akin to bpvDo. Il6pov, Epic and Ionic for Eropov, 3 plur. 2 aor. indic. auc LINE 218. from 7r6po. Consult Glossary on line 168, s. v. 7ropev. TvrOSv, accus. sing. mase. of rvTO6f, 6v; later, also, i, ov, INE~ 222. "little," " s1mall," " young."-Probably akin to r-cZ06t K6Xeiqt', z. e., ic;XtArre, Epic for KcariTtLre, 3 sing. 2 aor. LINE 223. indic. act. of KaTa~ei7ro, " to leave behind:" fut. bto: 2 aor are2t7rov.- From Ecard and aeixrwo. 0,6eacv, Epic and Ionic for O~6atc, dat. plur. of'O 6at, cv, at, "Thebes." Some, however, write it O'56qlcav, without the subscript t, and regard it as an adverb. rNE. 28H.i pp, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. from 1rrpu. Consult Gloss ary on line 168, s. v. r6opEv.'Evatp~L/ev, Epic, Doric, and AEolic for ivalpetv, pres. inf. [,ANE 229. act. of Evaipo, "to slay," "to kill:" fut. ZvapC: 2 aor;Papov. According to Buttmann, no compound with aipuo, but de. rived from evepoL, akin to tvapa,'vap[o, and so, strictly, "to sentl to the nether world." (Lexil., s. v. alv5vo6rv, 10.)'EC'ra/eip0oltev, with the shortened mood-vowel for ETIrauei LINE 230. NE 230 uev, 1 plur. 1 aor. subj. act. of e'raei6&, "to exchange fut. d1b: 1 aor. E-r/74et'a. —From Er'i and a/uei6wo. rvcatv, 3 plur. 2 aor. subj. act. of ytyvdocwo, " to know:" fut. yvw Joltat: perf. Eyvrcua: 2 aor. Eyvwv. Consult, as regards the root Glossar on book i., 199. Aa6irtv,. 3 dual, 2 aor. indic. act. of au;j6divo, " to seize," LeN 233. "to grasp " f-t.;Ljpoyat: 2 aor. Za6ecv. Lengthened erom a root AAB-. flfrorcavavro, Epic and lonic for w7rrtarJaavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indie mid. of rtoar6, " to make faithful or trustuworthy,'" " o exact a pledge or warrant from one:" fut. Wcaw. In the middle, " to give one anotrer pledges," " to give mutual pledges:' fit. rorr aoa0/t' 1 aor. kw7ri t5(TiuVfv. From -rt76c,' faithful," t r7.st 2ti H TH)MERIC GLOSS.ARY. Book 6. Lzne 234-245.'E,)i ero, Epic and Ionic for iei2Xero, 3 sing. 2 ao. indie Li~ N234 middle of Eiratpep, " to take auway:" fut. EatpjaGc: 2 aor. mid.':etx61yv. 3'AUEC6ev, Epic and Ionic for u/et6ev, 3 sing. imperf indic. LINE 235. act. of aL'ei6u, " to exchange:" fut. ~b: 1 aor. yel pa,.Akin to dc~I, Latin amb-. (Buttmann, Lexil., s. v. WpU a, 2.)'Evvea6oiov, gen. plur. neut. (revx ov being understood) AINE 236. of Evved6otoC, ov, " worth nine oxen."-From ivvga and Odov, Epic and Ionic for i0eov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. LINE 238. of &EO, "to run:" fut. -eMaolFat. Elp6eervat, nom. plur. fem. pres. part. of the middle de LINE 239. ponent eipOatea, "to question about," "to inquire about:" fut. Eip7jro/eae. This verb e'pouat is commonly said to be Epic and Ionic for popat, but it is more correct to call eipo/Lat merely a collateral form of epouat.'Erya, accus. plur. of rTYC, ov, o, "a relative." Consult note. 2I16tar, accus. plur. of'rr6ao, eoc, 6, "a husband." Ob "tNS 240. serve that the genitive in Attic, also, is ro6ato', not irda eci. The dative, however, is roa6ct, Epic 7r6aei: voc. r6oatl or rorat. In plur. 7r6oet. For the etymology, consult Glossary on book iii., 329.'E1gb=,,ro, 3 sing. pluperlf. indic. of ibcdwroFae. Compare Glossary on book ii., 15, s. v. 1g07rat. -N243. rgS, Epic and Ionic for 8:earaTc, dat. plur. fem. of fear LNE, 24, 6,, "scraped," " smoothed," "polished." -From ftG. to scrape," " to smooth," " to polish." AiOooarate, Epic'and Ionic for aiOoVaats, dat. plur. of aWOgvaa, tg,?7, "a corridor," " a portico." The term is properly an adjective, arod being understood, and refers to the circumstance of the corridor's usually looking east or south, to catch the sun. —From a0w, " to light up," "to glow," &c. Terrvyuevov, accus. sing. masc. of rervyiuEvog, perf. part. pass. of reVXu, "to construct:" fut. 5f: perf. rtrevxa: perf. pass. rirvya.at Compare Glossary on book i., 110, s. v. revXeI.'Eveoav, Epic and Ionic for ivraav, 3 plur. imperf. indiL act. of EPEipt, " to be in." LINE 215.e A6cdElviot, l om. plur. masc. perf. part. pass. of 6duSo, "to build:" perf. pass. d6dyunpatL. The fut. act. l,5fu, and perf. act. 6,91Kica, are nnmrhere found.-Akin to dUo, daaic, root A. Muor. Latin domni:, &c HOMERIc GLOSSALyX. 827 Book 6. Line 246-260. Kotlu. ro, Epic and Ionic for bEKOtUTvro, 3 plur. impert'indic. mid. of KOetpG)t. Compare Glassary on book i., 476, 8. v. k.)/Oty7aV7O. Mv7ryT7rg, Epic and Ionic for tuvara!C, dat. plur. fem. of Hl aTr6C, v, cv, "wedded." Literally, "wooed," "courted;" and hence " won anid wedded." In Homer, always iXoXoC tLv77ar3o, "a wedded wife." -From jFvdo!'zat, "to woo to wife." TUyeot, norn. plur. masc. of rgyeoc, ov, "roofed," " n. LINE 248. closed." —From riyof, " a roof,"' ".a covering." 50 Aidoipv, Epic and Ionic for aidoiatf, dat. plur. fern. of [aiNz 250. aidoiot, a, ov; also, or, ov, " modest." Primitive meaning,'regarded with awe or reverence," "august," " venerable." In Homer and Hesiod, said only of persons as superiors or elders, persons under divine protection; especially of the wife or mistress of the house; and so, in general, of women, "deserving respect," "tender;' and hence " bashful," "1modest."-From ai&ic.'Hl7r6dwpog; norm. sing. fern. of I'rrl6&opoi, ov, "that gives LINL 251. soothing gifts," " soothing by gifts," "fond."-From irerto~, "soft," "gentle," &c., and e60pov, "a gift." Zi,/, Epic and Ionic for lEv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. act. of 1INE 253. INE 2. Compare Glossary on book i., 513, s. v.'trrecovvla; and consult note. ad loc. Teilowvat, 3 plur. pres. indic. act. of rTEiP, "to harass.' LINE 255. Literally, "to rub," "to rub away." Found only in the pres. and imperrL active and passive. AvrCSvv1jot, nom. plur. masc. of 6vSdvveyo~, o, "bearing an ill same," "hateful to hear named," "abominable."-From dJC and 6voya. Me2Ztv6a, Epic and Tonic for jtetzed; accus. sing. mase tLINEE 258. of/#eerI6/s, iC, "r honey-sweet."-From /il2t and WICs.'EveiKc, Epic and Ionic for iviyycw, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. oi "gpto, "to bring:" fut. oiae: I aor.'veyica, Epic and Ionic Ovettea. LI 29 re. av, 2 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of arivdwu, "to pour out a libation:" fut. arreiao;.1 aor. Eoarevta.'Ovraeac, with the shortened mood-vowel, for ovVoe.at, LuvF, 260. and this Epic and Ionic for bviayp, 2 s.ng. 1 aor. subj m id. of bvivj/ut, " to profit, advantage, help," and hence "' to refresh:' in the middle, " to have profit, advantage," I' t enjoy help," and hence "to be refreshed:" fut. bvo'(J: 1 aor. ivlaa: middle, 6vivalaL: fut. ivrouat'e: 1- aor. vr)cl(TiU7uv.- A reduplication from the root ONwhich appears in the derix ative tenses and forms. Ill~0,zO. Epic, Dorim. and Colic for 7(.Jg, 2 sing. 2aor. subi a-t !S628 lVO IzOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 6. Line 260-268. of irsvw,'.;iu.k:' fuit. 7wiol[at, and, after Aristotle, a-toyat.ol.id, indeed, as caly as Xenophon): 2 aor. ibrov. Other tenses a-e formed from a root IiO-; as, perf. 7r6r7oKa: perf. pass. 7r6ouat: 1 aor. pass. tgr660v, &c. Homer uses all the active tenses except the perfect.; but of the passive, only the present and imperfect. Ke/clrtora7, Epic syncopated form for iceC/nce7rCt, dat. sing. ~LzINE 26J. perf. part. act. of it6zvcto, " to work one's self weary," " to Secome exhausted," &c.: fut. cKazovasat: perf. icdcytca, which Homer mostly uses in the Epic syncopated participle ice,-uy6, icKESUCt&rL, KAectcjTra, but also accus. plur. icEKceoTrar. -Lengthened from a root KAM-, which appears in the other tenses. Ai:et, 3 sing. pres. ind. act. of icto, Ionic and poetic for avco, a6civw (Latin augeo). Used by the old poets only in the present and imperfect: later poets, however (as those of the Anthology), formed a future, 6ej7ao, and I aor. si:cyaa, "to increase," "to strengthen," s" to enlarge," &c.'E-natv, Epic and Ionic for erats. Consult Glossary on LINE 262. line 239. L Aeer, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of deipo, Ionic and poetic for the Attic aips, " to raise:" fut. caeps, contracted apte: i aor. ietpar,: 1 aor. subj.'epa,': 1 aor. mid. iiectpcdlev, iipCLarv, (1paitpvv. The other moods are usually from 2 aor. clpec9at: i aor.!ass. nijpOPv, &c.'AwroyvtwSo',, 2 sing. I aor. subj. act. of arroyvt6w, "to enLINE 2o65. ervale," "to enfeeble." Properly, "to take from one the proper use of his linmbs."-From lrz6, and yviov, "a limb." AdOoyat, 1 sing. 2 aor. subj. mid. of 2av0aiveo, " to escape notice," &c.: in the middle, "to forget:" fut. 2Oao': 2 aor. act. eiaOov: 2 aor. mid E'aOiuy/v.-Lengthened from a root AAO-, which ap. pears in the 2 aor., and also in the Latin lateo. "'ARrrrotltv, Epic and Ionic for a'tirrotc, dat. plur. femrn, LiNE 266. of ivtrroSg, c, " unwashed.'"- From a, priv., and v[rrro, to wash."'Ar?9.ai; I sing. pres. indic. of the middle deponent &e.w 2 a' "to dread." Compare Glossary on book iv., 4F'.. a. V. a;ojt/v. AivOpm, day. sing. of?d60pov r6, or AikOpog, or, 6, " filth," 268 defilement," especially of blood. Homer uses only the dative, so that the nominative remains uncertain. When the word stands alone in Homer, it is explained as blood streaming friom v?'unds, go-e;. but when coupleI with agija, the reference then is Io HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 82 Book 6. Lzne 268-289. b'ood anm dust from battle. The medical write rs, as Hippocrates, use it for impure blood; and Euphorion simply for dust. —Akin to IIearalayuivcGv, accus. sing. masc. perf. part. pass. of'ruiciaaw, " to stain," " to besprinkle:" fut. &: perf. pass. 7rew'rdayuat.-Fron rdCXwo, " to hake," for a thing is sprinkled or scattered by shaking ar swinging it about. EVxerTaaOal, Epic lengthened form for evXerr7a0aa, pres. inf. of the middle deponent eXerado/at, poetic for e'iXoeat, "to pray to." Only found in the present and imperfect. OvEroatv, Epic and Ionic for 0vTeatv, dat. plur. of i&dos, LINE 270. LINE 270. o,, "r an offering of incense." (Consult note.)-From tcJo, "to offer up."'Aodicacaaua, nom. sing. fein. 1 aor. part. act. of ao2~iSo, " te gather together," "to convene:" fut. ao.-From 5doXZury, "all together," " in crowds," &c.-Probably from a, copulative, and et;a, i6oXalt, "to crowd together," &c. LINE- 280. KaEac&o, Epic and Ionic for ica2roa, 1 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Kac2., "to call," "to summon," &c.: fut. Ka2iXo: I aor. EdKPcdeOa, &c.'Ardpirov, gen. sing. femrn. of 7repiroC, o, "joyless."-From a2, priv., and pr(jpo.'Oi~'og, gen. sing. of hi''~c, dog, o, "sorrow," "woe," " distress;" in Attic, oddrs', as a dissyllable.-From oi, the cry of woe.'EaJeadOeauOae, Epic reduplicated form of the 2 aor. inf. mid. of eav:OdvcO, " to quite forget," " to forget entirely:" fut. icaroe': 2 aor. Ei'Waoeov, with Epic reduplication,'e2LEklaOov: 2 aor. mid. E'e;.aO66yv, with Epic reduplication, k2Se;e;aOd6yv. -From Eie and aSavOdvo. MoRoi~aa, nom. sing. fem. 2 aor. part. act. assigned to LINE~ 286. tyoov, " I went." No present juo2tco occurs, except in very late and bad authorities. Compare Glossary on book iv., 11, I. v. lraprVy'G6eKEe.'A62otacrav, Epic and Ionic for'7 6Wetav, 3 plur. 1 aor. inr 287. dic. act. of coAXZZ'o, "to gather together," "to convene." Coty,,re, Gil.esary on line 270, s. v. ao2icaraaaa. Kare6rCaero. Consult Glossary on 00ook i., 428, a.,. LINE 288. r,' LINE 289. rocot, nom. plur. masc. of waoruwoieoleoX, or, "all, variegated "-From ar.it, riinz, ard,, qnd iraltKicr', "',ar;. rated 4A .;'{tl HlOM~ERIC (GLOSSAxr. Book 6. Line 290-301. [,L1o) &i0, gen. plur. fern. of Itd6vlOg, 2], ov, " Sidon zv LINE 2!)0 and this Epic and Ionic for ZYtdvto~, a, ov.-Fiom ZLdv "Sidon." tdioviOev, Epic and Ionic for Ztdvt77jOev, adv., "fronr LINEr 291. N Sidon."-Frorn;t&5dv, " Sidon."'Eirt7r2i;r, nom. sing. mase. Epic and Ionic 2 aor. part. act. o! h'rta;lov, 1" to sail over" (for E'rtr2CO) ): fut. 6ao: perf.- et7rtirE'rL(Ja. 1 aor. EriwTr;oaa: 2 aor. E7rrirrwv, wS, o: part. brutr6gi, gen. wrt-'rXaprog. (Buttmann, Irreg. Verbs, p. 21, ed. Fishl.)-From Er~ and Ir2.Od, Epic and Ionic for irreo, "' to sail."' L 9 Eb7rarpetav, accus. sing. of e'vraripeta, ac,, "of illus. LINE 292. trious sire,'" "daughter of a noble sire." -From ev and 7ratrp. L IoZKiOpacLv, dat. plur. of 7robctlua, oTra, r6, "variegated LINE 294. work," "a variegated figure," "rich and variegated embroidery."-From 7rowtiD?0o, "to variegate," " to embroider," &c.'AlrbL/Uzrev, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of 7ro02elzoy7r, " to gliste7," " to shine -forth on the view:" fut. ipuo: 1 aor U dr Japba.-Fronm ur6 and X2.7XZro. Neiaroc, nom. sing. mase. of vsiaroc, y1, ov, Epic and Ionic for ve~roc, yl, ov, "the last," "lowest," "undermost." A kind of irregulai superlative from vdoC, like teiaaroC, from Fjtaoc. LINE 296. Mereaaeovro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. of the middle depo. nent 8eraaeuopiat, "to hurry along with."-From t7ETa and oeow, with regard to which last compare Glossary on book iii., 26. s. v. aevovraV. N2 i'2ze, Epic for 4,e, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of oiyvvtLt, 298 to open:" fut. oitc: 1 aor.,S:a, but the Epic writers usually divide the diphthong in the augmented forms, as in the present instance. The compound dvoiyo, avotyvvyft, is niuch more freruent than the simple oiyvvly.-Lengthened from the radical oiyw. 299. KanC, nom. sing. of Ktaair, ido'',,, "daughter of Cisseus." A. female patronymic applied to Theano, the priestess of Minerva in Troy. (Consult note.) —From Ktlae6C, <',s, Ionic 0of, C, " Cisseus," a Thiacian prince.'Ipetav, accus. sing. of lpeta, aC, i?, "a vriestesq." A LINs 30). feminine from iepetV. It occurs not only in Hcomer, but also in the Attic writers, especially the,ragedians who likewise lse the form rptia.'02o2ovyX, dat. sing. of oho2ovy/, ic, i, a ny loud cryzlg, LINE. 30 especially of women invoking a deity'The wense e. IHOMERIC GLOSSARY. 85S Book 6. Line 305-323. &uwlli'g, like tLe Latin ululatus, is rare; indeed, in Euripides (Med., 1176) it s expressly opposed to a wailing cry. —From'Epi;ai7.ro2!, voc. sing. fem. of kpvaiTroy;'protecting a state or city."-From ipvo/Lat and ilr-62b.'Afov, 2 sing. 1 aor. imper. act. of iyvvut, "to break-" LINE 306. fut. U'w: 1 aor. lafa, Epic 7)fa, Homeric participle Aiar perf. adna. llplvia, Epic and Ionic for Tpnv~, accus. sing. of n'prIvut,,LINE 307 "headlong,"' "prone." rCompare Glossary on book ii., 414, S. V. -,rp/ FN.'Iepevlao/ev, with the shortened mood-vowel, for iepe6a&,-,LINE 309 1 plur. 1'aor. subj. act. of iepeda, " to sacrifice," &c.'Aviveve, 3 sing. imperf. indic. act. of Jvavevca; strictly, LINE 311.," to throuw the head back," in token of denial, which we express by shaking the head; opposed to Karavevw; hence "to refuse," "' to deny." —From dvd and vevco. T'Erevle, 3 sing. I nor. indic. aor. indi. act. of re, "to build," "to LINE 314. construct:" fut. 5(~: 1 aor. Erevfa. Compare Glossary ou. book i., 110, s. v. redxet. TICTOVeS, nom. plur. of r1EKrWv ovo, 6o, "any worker zn wood," especially "a carpenter, joiner, builder." In the present instance joined with (ivdpe', and having, therefore, a kind of adjectival force, "workmen." —From TErK7, 2 aor. inf. receiv.'EvdEi(tirrlXv, accus. sing. neut. of'V6EKidX7r7;v, v, gen. LINE 319. eoc, " eleven cubits long."-From Ev6EKa and rl7Xv', "a cubit." nopE77g, norn. sing. of 7r6pKic, ov, O, "a ring," "a hoop," LINE 320. especially of gold, which passed round the place where the iron head of a spear was fastened to the shaft. "Erbvr- a, accus. sing. pres. part. act. of the old verb rn&, JINE: 321. ", to be about or with," " to be busy about," &c.: fut. Aobi 2 aor. &Errrov (not ea7rov): inf. airev: part. andyv. The active of this verb belongs solely to the old poetry. only some compounds havy. ing established themselves in prose. The middle, iro/jat, "to fol nlo," is very frequent in prose.'AQ6uovra, Epic lengthened form foi dabCv'a, accus. sing. LIN. 322. pres. part. act. (of ac'co, "to handle, feel, examine:" fut iao.. -Ak:n to Ln7ro. 323. A)at, Epic and Ionic for dyoaFc, dat. plur. of 3/,i, n:; v:t'ictly, " s.e that is tamed or enslaved," and sc' ~832 H1OMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 6. Line 326- 339. male slare taken in war." Hence, in general, "a female 8slae aso ieadant." Of frequent occurrence in Homer, who only has the plural, ard that usually joined wXth )vtaK.Tc.-From eda~wio,'ta subdue."'EvOeo, Epic and tonic for EviOovt, 2 sing. 2 aor. indix, LINE 326. mid. of 6'v-r~OvlLA. 37 OtvVoovot, 3 plur, pr:s. indic. act. of 6&vtw, "4 to perzsh," LIE " 327. to waste away." Poetic form for 00iveo, tile more usual present for QOiw, " to perish," &c. LINE 329.'AyUbtdiE6E, 3 sing. 2 perf. indic. act. of cLfudalao, " to tight up or kindle around." In the perfect and pluperfect,'-to burn or blaze around."-From aL&/i and daiw. MEOEvrTa, accus. sing. pres. part. act. of eFrOi~uJ, "to LINE 330. relax. relax. "'Ava, the preposition iera, written with anastrophe, fol E va1.r7701, "up," "arise." Usually ciA' ava. In this sig nification of the preposition, the last syllable is never elided. The apocopated av' is always for avedar/. 09proat, 3 sing. pres. subj. pass. of &apc, "to warm, heat, burn." Homer uses the passive only, with a future middle, &lpaopoal: 2 aor. i6gprv: subj. Rep&) for epot. Hence d9Opo., -epi[., i9pyuo, OEpitOs, &c. As a was changed, in 2Eolic and Doric, into 0, it is plain that to this family belong the Latin ferveo and febris; probably, too, torreo, with the English dry, German ddrren, dorren, &c. Netulact, Epic and Ionic for vejtEat, dat. sing. of vgtleatf, eoS, /; ill the dative, vevaeiZ, contracted vEyacet, for which the Ionians have gen. velatooC, dat. vsE6lie, contr. ve/ulc', "indignation." Compare Glossary on book ii., 223, s. v. ve/Li6c0Ev. "Hp/nv, 1 sing. imperf. indic. of izuat, " I sit." Consult Glossary on book i., 512, s. v. u'ro.'Axei, Epic and Ionic for cXet, dat sing. of iXoC, eog, r6, "'rief," &c. Compare Glossary on book i., 103, s. v. dXvjutevog. IHpo0pa7rerOat, 2 aor. inf. mid. of 7rporpE7rWo, " to make another turn toward:" in the middle, " to turn one's self toward," &c.:'ut rrpe rp-pottay: 2 aor. 7rpoerpa7r6tzrv.-From 7rp6 and rpireo.'puplfqae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of opyu(ow, " to urge on," LINE 338. &c. In the middle, "to rush," &c. —From 0pjln, "an) violent pressure onward," &c.'Eoraleit6erat, 3 sing. pres. indic. mid. of aTte[i6o, " to exL.NE 339. change," " to Intcrchange," &e.; in the middle, " to change from one to aoalh:r," " to come alternately:" fut. erca/ bkot.-' I~ ant rreuEtnaCunsv.-From tF' and durF/e.l H)OMERIC GLOSSABY. 838 Bookt 6. Line 340-35R. A6e.L 1 sing. 2 aar. subj. act. of 6dv 1r 6Udvo,' to enrer'.LINE 34.," to put on:" fut. 6ccs: 2 aor. Hvv. Io Aep, voc. sing. of d6ap, tpog, o, "a brother- zn-lauc." Con suit Glossary on book iii., 180. KaKoluX(ivov, gen. sing. of KaKo/x7juavof, ov, "contriving eviJ,"' " mischief- devising."-From icaKo6 and yl1xav~.'OKpvocmaa7S, gen. sing. fem. of obKPv0Ef, 6eaaa, oev, "cold,""' chill ing," "making one shudder;" hence "fearful," "dreadful." Properly, with o euphonic, for Kpv6oet~, "icy-cold," " chilling." Oe6Rca, nom. sing. of Sv9'erla, of, a, "a storm" of tho LIN'K 346. most violent kind, "a hurricane."-From O9Vw, "t;; rush," &c., as ae2-7Xa from us, iyju.'A7rdepae, 3 sing. of an old Epic 2 aor. indic., found only LINE 348. in the 3 person; as, subjunctive Fpay, optative ipoaee, " t hurry," "to sweep away;" said of running water. Of uncertain derivation. Buttmann (Lexil., s. v.) supposes it to come from ipdO, as an Ionic collateral form of 6pdo. Te4 uzpavro, Epic and Ionic for tretuipavvrr, 3 plur. 1 aor. LIE 349. indic. of the middle deponent re7zeaipoual, "to set as an end or boundary;" hence " to ordain, decree," especially of the Deity or Fate: fut. reKcapSd: 1 aor. 6r'7ejspa: 1 aor. mid. brerKicpd/aV.From re/qap, "a fixed mark, end, or boundary."'Orriao, Epic and poetic for w7riato, adv., 1, of place, "I be hind," "backward:" 2, of time (as in the present instance), " hereafter," "afterward." This is, generally speaking, the force of briauw, as regards time, but not always, as Passow and others contend. In book i., 343, the referer re is to the past, not, as Passow maintains, to the more remote, as contrasted with the immediate future, which would weaken the force of the passage. The same remark will apply to book ii;. 109. (Compare Thes. GrecT. Ling., ed. Hase, col. 2092, seq.)'Ewavpziea6at, fut. inf. mid. of 6'ravpilKo/uat, "to enjoy," t~NE 353. " to reap the fruit of:" fut. i'ravp ao/aL. Compare Gloss. oi, on book i., 410, a. v. E'raipavras. I E5 eo, Epic and Ionic for E'ov, 2 sing. pres. imper. mid. of f('. Consult Glossary on book i., 48, s. v. 9e;ro. Aleiph, dat. sing. of diJpog, ov, 5, and later?, "a seat." Compare Glossary on book iii., 424. LINE 357.'Ori~aa, " hereafter." Consult Glossary on line 352.'Aoidt/ot, nom. plur. masc. of doidtbot, ov, " a subject of "N ma. 358 sor.g." Generally in a good dense, "famous in song'. 4 A 2 834 HOMERIC G!,OSSARY. B.ok 6. Linr 363-375. here, however (and the only time it occurs in Homer), in a bad sense.-From aotd6, "song," &c. L Opvvlt, 2 sing. pres. imper. act. of opvvyt, " to arous"' I~iNE 363. Compare Glossary on book iv., 421, s. v. hpvvpiEvov. Kara,eupipp, 3 sing. 1 aor. subj. act. of Karajt(uprwt, "ti grasp," " to catch hold of," and hence "1 to overtake:" fut. oQw: 1 aor. Kar/yIappa.-From tcard and iadprrro. 0 aOiKa, accus. plur. of oicKEV-, o 6, Epic and Tonic for OLV 366, EfO, 6, " an inmate of one's house," " a member of one's family." —From OrKOC.'Trr6rpowro', nom. sing. masc. of r7r6rpo7rog, ov, "turninj IINE 367. back," " returning."-From Vrrorpirr(o.'o taet, 1 sing. fut indic. of bviolat, " to come:" fut. iopuat: pert.'tynat, &c. cAau6wacv, Epic lengthened form for 6dci/u0av, 3 plur. 2 LINr 368. aor subj. pass. of 6aducio, "to subdue." Compare Glossary on bcoi. 61, s. v. 6dapd. Evcaterdovra, accus. plur. of evrvaterdov, ovaa, ov, "welltdwelt in," "well-inhabited," and hence " lying well," "wellvituated." No such verb as evoate7rao occurs.-From El) and vatrrio, with regard to which consult Glossary on book iii., 387, s. a.:ateraeJao. E.E,':r-. o, dat. sing. fem. of Evrre-r.oS', ov, "with a beautif 372 flplus;" hence, generally, "well-clad," &c.-From eV and r'rn-Zog, with regard to which last consult note on book v., 315. ro6uopa, Epic lengthened form for yocraa, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. act. of yoda, " to moan," " to wail:" fut. eaeo. -From y6oS, " any sign of grief," " weeping," " wailing," &c. Mvpoyv77i, nom. sing. fem. pres. part. mid. of 1uspo, " to flow, run, rrickle," &c. In the middle, " to melt into tears;" and hence, generally, " to shed tears," " to weep."-From this verb comes, by reduplication, jtopulpwo, Lat. mnurmurg Later writers employ, instead of il, pupo.oyew and tuvp)dg66, like rprvo6EcJo. Hence Latin mreo. TVrlev, Epic and Ionic for,-rerTev. Consult Glossary on LINE 374book iv., 293. OL076v, accus. sing. of oVd6'6, oV, O, Epic and Ionic foi 66g, or, o, "a threshold," especially " the threshold of a house." Observe that o ov6,, must be carefully distinguished from o'dO6C, which last is Ionic for /'1 6d6c, "a way," and that, though d 666E and / 06606 are kindred wordls, yet it is quite wrong to think, that o ovo66c is Ionic for i 6d6, " a way."-Akin to ovboda, r-. "' the ground." ca, ath;" strictly, the sulfj&ce of the earth IIOMERIC G.OSSA1tY. 35 Book 6. Line 378-400. raX&or., gen. plur. of yi2RowS, 4, gen. y'2oo, nonl. plut. laNE 3',t. yaXuqi, &c., for which the Attics employ yucoXc, gen. Tt2ow, & "., "a sister-in-law." Compare the Latin glos. The original form appears to have )een yc6XoFos. (Benfey, Wurzellex., ii., 150.) Eivaripcov, gen. of elvartpe, ai, " brothers' wives," or " wives of brothers-in-law." - No singular elvareip is found. The corresponding masculine is a}Ltote; but in an epitaph ap. Orell., Inscr. Lat., ii., p. 421,'7va-r.p, o, is the husband of the deceased's sister. The Latin term janitrix is supposed to be akin to this. (Compare Seal. ad Catull., 67, 3; Modest. Dig., 38, 10, 4, ~ 6.) Pott and Benfey refer both the Greek and Latin forms to the Sanscrit jnmdtri, " a son-in-law."'Eiin7X6Kauov, accus. sing. fem. of EiV,;rvXK.6a/o, ov, Eprc and Ionic for ev7v2i6ca/uog, ov, "fair-locked," "fair-haired.' -From eV and rUr6caeciog, "a braid," " a lock of hair," &c. Tau[rc, nom. sing. of rautir,, 77C, 4, Epic and Ionic for ra/eLINE 381., ta, ac, 4, "a housekeeper." -Either from reuvo, -ral-etc' one who cuts for each his share," or akin to the Latin dare, daito.'AirrauVro, 3 sing. syncopated 2 aor. mid. of r7roaev'e LINE 390. LINE 390 "to chase away;" in the middle, " to rush away." Com rare Glossary on book iii., 26, s. v. 6evGovrat. L Ate3. zevat, Epic, &c., for d6teftvat, pres. inf. act. of &d6LINE 393. et, " to go out." HIo26u&opoC, nom. sing. fem. of rroXi6dpor, ov, " richly en XINE 394. dowed," " with ample dowry," " richly dowered." It occurs also, in an active sense, "giving many presents," " open-handed." — From roXdcv and dipov, " a gift," " a present." I7-iXh6, dat. sing. of H7IsKOC. ov, 4,, Placus," a mountain L~INE 396. of Mysia. Consult note.'~L.CEaaV, dat. sing. fem. of 474etf,'vEca, 4ev, 1 "woody," wooded.'" -From /VX7, " a wood." NoTraK 397. i, Epic and Ionic for'Y'ro7raxiiz, dat. sing. fem. of'YTworr;7~Ktof, a (Epic and Ionic y7), ov, " Ilypopla, rian." —From Viu-6 and rIkdiKo-. Consult note. Ktti~KECCa, Epic and Ionic for KiXtUt, dat. plur. of K~Xtf, ttcKO, 6. "a Cilician." In the plural, KiXtlEvC, ov, oi, " the Cilicians;" and, as an adjective, " Cilician." Cilicia proper lay on the sea-coast of Asia Minor, south of Cappadocia and Lycaonia, and to the east of Pisidia and Pamphylia. As regards the Cilicians here meant, con stilt note. ITAN 400.'Ara7a0qpova, accus. sing maSC. of iraaidOpp v, ov, " of 836 IIOtMERIC GLOSSAIlY. Book 6. Line 40QO-419. tender mind," said of a child in the nurse's alms. —Fi m dirab& " tender,' and opiv. AVTuC. Consult note on book. i., 133'EIropid&v, accus. sing. of'EKiropi6C, ov, or,' sort of HetLI~NE 401. tor." —From'"EKTrP, OPO, o6, "Hector."'A~yxltov, accus. sing. mase. of d2Liyctor, a, ov, " like unto,"' ri #embli~ng."-Of uncertain derivation; perhaps akin to 72Xt7, UapoeOr'. KaEEicaKe, 3 sing. Epic iterative imperf. indic. act. foa LINE 402-. itc(ite, from Ka3e.o, " to call," &c.'AarvdvaKra, accus. sing. of'Acrttavav, aKTro, 6, "Astya. LINE 403. na," son of Hector and Andromache. (Consult note.) -From 6arv and cvav.'EpTsro, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of ipvio, "to.caw;" in the middle, "to defend." Compare Glossary on book iv., 138, s. v. UpVTO. Q40iaeL, 3 sing. fut. indic. act. of 00iw or 0bivo, "to deLINE 407 line," "to decay;" but in the fut. 00Biao, and aorist EOetaa, always transitive, "to destroy," i. e., to make to decline or decay. Observe that 0pivo is the only form used in prose.-Akin to Oerip).'Apuzopov, accus. sing. fem. of pupopoC, ov, Epic and Ionic LINE 408. for ai5otpoc, ov, " without lot or share," " destitute." —From a, priv., and ptoipa, "lot,"." portion." OaLZcwup4, nom. sing. of OaX-rcupr4, qr,'; strictly, "u INE.412. warming," but in Homer always used figuratively, "a -heering," " a comfort," " a solace," &c.-From Oci 2ro, "to warm."'At6v, accus. sing. fem. of 4uo6, a, 6v, Epic and iEolic LINE~ 414. for {tzr7EpOc, a, or, "our," "ours," and, the plural idea being used for the singular, "my," "mine."'TiiTrv2tov, accus. sing. fem. of 7bnrrv;~o, o, "o high-gated," LINE 416.," of lofty gates."-From vat, " high," " aloft," " on high,' and Br/i?, "a gate." KarEKfle, Epic for Karditavae, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of LIlNE 418. Kiararcalo, "to burn:" fut. KaTaaKavao: 1 aor. KcarKavaa, Epic KareEKa.-From KarTC and Kaiao. I EXEev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of XEo, "to pour," &c; and hence, like X6w, " to throw out earth, so as to form a mound," " to heap up:" fut. Xedaaw: 1 aor. Eiea, for which Homei often has the merely Epic form lxeva, with and without augment Compare Glossary on book iv., 269. 1T7e.iac, accus. plur. of 7rrexrtn, inc,, Epio.n:,: >-'.ic for r redtA. HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 837 Book 6. Line 420-442. Af, il, "an elm." (Consult note.)-Perhaps akin to pa'ula, "the upreading tree." JLobcck, Paralipom., 337.)'Opeartddef, nonl. plur. of Opeartd', G6dof,, "a woman of LIINE 420. INE 420the mountains," "a female mountaineer," &c.; hence Nu. ait bpeartd&S, equivalent to'Opetd6dr.-From hpor, "a mountain."'Ia, Epic and Ionic for'eM, dat. sing. neut. of (ior) Za, Zov LINF. 422. Epic and Ionic for eit, p/a, " one." Observe that of the ueater only 16, for vte, occurs, namely, in the present passage. Kiol, Epic and Ionic for EKtov, 3 plur. imperf. indic. act. of Kiw, "to go."-Akin to'o, the root of eCuL, and probably a strengthened form of the same. Only a poetic verb. Ei2t'r6decat, Epic and Ionic for EiCDrovat, dat. plur. of LINE 424. e2Xi7rovg, nrovv, r6, gen.,ro6oC, "feet-trailing," "trailingfooted." (Consult note.)-From eiao, "to roll," "to plait," &c., and rrov'. HapaKoirrC, nom. sing. of 7rapaKor7ln, 01), o, ", a husband," INE 430. " a spouse." The corresponding feminine term, 7rapi'Kotrtc, occurs in book iv., 60.-From 7raprd and KOri77. 076n,, Epic lengthened form for Was,, 2 sing. 2 aor. subj LINE 432. act. of TrifOfIL, &c.'OpgavtK6v, accus. sing. masc. of bpoavtKgs, y, ov, another form for bpqav6c, V', 6v, "orphaned," "fatherless," "an orphaned one." A later shortened form of hpqav6c is bpo6S, whence the Latin orbus Compare the German E rbe. The root appears to be the same with that of the Greek dprrd6~, the Latin rapio, &c.'Eptve6v, accus. sing. of ip ve6C, oV, 6O, " the wild fig-tree," LIANE 433. the Latin caprificus.'Ap6ar6S, nom. sing. fem. of a.U6aT6o, 6v, Epic and Ionic for ava6aorb, 6v, " that may be mounted or scaled," " eas3 to be scaled," " accessible." —From drva6aivo.'Ewidpolzov, nom. sing. neut. of Eit6dpoeoc, ov, "that may be over. -"n, reached, or attained;" hence "exposed to assaults."-From gretpxwo, 2 aor. inf. Ebrtpcjdezv.'E7rrero, 3 sing. imperf. indic. mid. of ir;ero, " to be," &c. Consult note on book i., 418, s. v. bir2,eo, and Glossary on the same.'Elretpoavro, 3 plur. 1 aor. indic. mid. of retpdao, "' to make Jaws 435. trial of," " to make an attempt upon," &e;'Aya2ie vr6v, accus. sing. masc. of dyaKXvr7s, 6v, "very -il LiE 436. lustrious," "highly renowned."-From ceyav and e?.ar6g. TpodSda6, accus. plur. of Tp.:zd6 (cdo, i,' a Trojan wow." The ine f of o, 42 art." The feminine fo>rm of Top(', co6c. 138 HOMERIC GLOSSARY. Book 6. Line 442-474.'E?,iset'7; 2Sovg, accus. plur. fem. of etKeJi7re,Tiof, o0 a,ling t.s -obe," " of trailing robe." (Consult note.)-From e;'2 and irfrraor. Alea7id6or, gen. sing. of Meaaofz, Wo,, i 7, "Messiis," a Liar. 457. fountain near Pelasgic Argos in Thessaly.'^rrepeiCr, gen. sing. of'TrrepErin,,,, Epic and Ionic for'Th;ipes, aS, a, "Hyperea," a fountain near Pelasgic Argos in Thessaly.'AeKa-S6oivr], nom. sing. fem. of ateKa;6/evo~, r, ov, " relue. LINE 5 tant," "unwilling." Properly a participle, but no verb, aeKairw or ceKalotat, appears.-Akin to diKov, contr. k:rOv, "un. willing."'AptareVEoaKE, 3 sing. iterative form of the imperf. indic LINE: 460. act. for'p iarevE, from iptUrTESo, " to be the best or bravest:' fut. ao, &c.-From aiptaroc. XLrei, Epic and Ionic for XTret, dat. sing. of ZXiroo, eo, LINE 463. TO, "want," "need," &c. —From a root XA-, wheqice also, xaroC, xarTE, xari>o, all implying want, &c. AoiXtov, accus. sing. neut. of 6do12of, a, oa,, "slavish," " serr'il'.'" In Homer only occurring in the phrase do;ltov aip, " the day St slavery," i. e., on which one is enslaved. Te6Ovy)ra, Epic and Ionic for reOveSra, accus. sing. perf. LINE 464. part. act. of &v7atcO, syncopated from reOwvy6ra, &c. Xvri, nom. sing. fern. of Xvr6f, W', 6v, "poured," " shed," and, of iry things, "heaped up," &c. -Verbal adjective from XyEo, "tpour," &c.'ELI 6.,0/oZ.o, Epic and Ionic for eteKP0oV, gen. sing. of it) LINE 465. -yIKO6', oi, 6, O" a dragging or pulling roughly." HIere. however, in a passive sense, "a being dragged away."-From iXWeIo,.awo, a strengthened form of 2?Llc,'" to drag," &c.'OpiFaro, Epic and Ionic fobr cbp6earo, 3 sing. 1 aer. indic. LINE 466. mid. of bpiyo, "to stretch," "to stretch out:" fut.:o: 1 aor. per:a. In the middle, " to stretch one's self out," " to reach out towa'd-" 1 aor. dpe:dyijuv.-Clearly akin to the Latin rego, erigo, porrigo; German reichen, recken: English reach, &c.'ATrvXOef, nom. sing. mase. 1 aor. part. pass. of dUr,;'oUa. LINE 468. Compare Glossary on line 38, s. v. (T'rv5oEV(o.'IrrrtoXratnv, accus. sing. of irrioXactri7, ov, 6, "oqf horse. LIM; 469. hair," "shaggy with horse-hair."-From Zerrtor, "of or belonging to a horse," and xail r, " a mane." Nevovra, accus. sing. pres. part. act. of vcwo, " to nod:" LINE. 470. fut. ao.-Akin to the Latin nuo, &c. TINME 474. Ki(e. Epic and Ionic for EEvrE, 3 sing. 1 _mer. in,!ix HOMERIC GLOSSARY. 8k9 Book 6. Line 474-501. act. ot Kwv *S, " to kiss:" fut. KivrycojCaL or KVS9W, Ejic A^;Vo~ I aati tKvaa, Epic Icv'a and KOaaa. fIIrj2e, Epic and Ionic for E7rr/Xe, 3 sing. 1 aor. indi-. act. of v7r5d As, "to dandle," &c.'ApeTrpeTT'a, Epic and Ionic for ipterpcp7ri, accus. sing. of Lr~E 477. tApepET7rjC, dr, "eminently distinguished."-From the in separable prefix apt, " very," "eminently," &c., and rpTnee.'Evapa, accus. plur. of evapa, oyV, Td, "the spoils" of a LINE 480. slain foe.-Akin to Evaipw, "to slay." LINE 481. Xapeirl, 3 sing. 2 aor. opt. pass. ofXaipGw, " to rejoice." KLlE3 SdEi, Epic and Ionic for r1j6let, dat. sing. masc. of Kr/IE 483., eC, "smelling as of burning incense;" in general, "fragrant," " sweet-scented."-Usually derived from ecio, Icauo, " to burn," and to, 1" to smell;" but both the synonymous form Krd eCE, and the analogous 9v67&f, make it probable that there was an old substantive Ke-of, equivalent in meaning to %ogS, "incense," which was D KcalW, as in Latin fragro to flagro.'A4 ax.Xeo, Epic and Ionic for ('caXi'ov, 2 sing. pres. im per. pass. of Jutcax[io, "to trouble," "to grieve another.' In the passive, " to be troubled," "to be grieved." Hepvy/u/vov, accus. sing. masc. perf. part. pass. (in an LINE 488 active sense) of oe5yd, 1"to escape:" fut. 0ev5o/at and oeeviovlar. perf. 7rkivya: perf. pass. in an active sense nr'vyucaz.'H;Lacuarrlv, accus. sing. of 7?.z.(crr/, /', gd, " a distaff," the Latin colus. Homer has it only in this sense. At a later period, however, it was used to signify the spindle, and also many things spindle-shaped; as a shaft, stalk, arrow, &c.-Perhaps akin to 7;ta/c,,, " to wander, roam about," &c., so that the distaff got this name from being turned around.'Evrponati'otv7,, nom. sing. fem. of E'vrpo7rcat6lzeevoC, y. ov, pres. part. of the deponent ivrpo7raWi'oyat, " to keep turning around," "to keep looking back from time to time." —A fie quentative from ivrp7row. 4'EvCipaev, 3 sing. 1 aor. indic. act. of Sh6p'vat, " to excite L:P. 499. *in," "to arouse or stir Tp in:" fut. Ev6pa: 1 aor. ivcwpaa -From Ev and O6pZvUt. r6ov, Epic and Ionic for E'yoov, 3 plur. Epic irregular 2 INE 500. aor. of yodo, "to bewail:" fut.;nrto. Some, less correctly. regard Eyoov as an imperfect.'Epavro, 3 plur. imperf. indic. mid of sr/y{, " to say." TI LINE 501. the middle, (y/zat, "to say unlt oone's self," " to thinkt' Imperf. i6'dunv 340 RfOMERIC GLOSSARI Book 6. Iine 504-513. Karidv, 3 sing. 2 aor. indic. alt. of KaTadS( or Karad&PA LiNE 504 s, to go down," " to go under," " to enter," and hence "to put on:" fut. xara:6dvro: I aor. Karedvaa: 2 aor. EKaTr7VV.-Fron-; KarT and d5v or dovrO. EN.arTo, Epic and Ionic for Iaaeda.o, 3 sing. 1 aor. Indie LiNs 50.5. mid. of cedco. Compare Glossary on book iii., 26, s., aewvTact. LNE 506. rar6, nom. sing. masc. of arar6g, ~, 6v, verbal adjective from Zir.-ut, "placed," hence " standing;" and 6arT.rTz ir7roq, "a stalled horse."'AicoagriTaa, nom. sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act., probably from a verb daKoardwo, " to feed on barley," although no such verb.actually appears, but only the aorist participle.-Probably from wKcoarTj,' bar. ley." (Consult Buttmann, Lexil., p. 75, seqq., ed. Fishlake.)'A7roi~jfac, nom sing. masc. 1 aor. part. act. of 4Urop'4y LINE 507. vvupt, "to break off:" fut. 7rrbopp75o: 1 aor. arj~5/n:a. —. From cier6 and pjyvvUzt. Oeit, Epic and Ionic for &9n, 3 sing. pres. subj. act. of Ewu, "i to run:" fut. ecVaoyat. Kpoaivouv, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of icpoaivu, poetic form for Kpod)W, said especially of a horse, " to stamp," " to strike with the hoo/f"'EvppeWog, Epic gen. sing. contracted for Eiiip'ego, from LINE 508. LN per5c, iC, "fair-flowing."-From eV and tbo, " to flow." Kv&6tocv, Epic lengthened form for Kcv&sbu, nom. sing. masc. pres. part. act. of Kvdalc, " to exult," " to pride one's self,"." to vaunt."-From Kid6O, "'glory," 1" renown," &c.'Ay2Lail?,, Epic for'yr2ai~, and this Epic and Ionic for y 510 a, dat. sing. of 6ytaia, a<, ij, "beauty," "splendor," &c. —Akin to atiyR-. and chya~pa.'Pi/la, adv., "lightly," "swiftly," especially of solue Libr 511. thing thrown or put in any quick motion.-Probably froi; 617rM, ep-p'/Luat.'HOea, accus. plur. of 70ooc, eoc, r6, " an accustomed seat;" hence, In the plural, "seats," " haunts," "abodes," but in Homer only of he haunts of beasts. Used of the abodes of men first in Hesiod (Op., 166, 523). -Probably a lengthened form of loc.'HiicrTup, nom. sing. of icTKreip, opoc, 6O, "the beaming LINE 513 LIE 513." Used also as an adjective, " beaming."-Akin to f$Xexrpov, " amber," and also a metallic substance, compounded If four parts gold and one silver. IIOMERIC GLOSSARY. 341 Book 6. Line 514-528. KayXa 6wo', Epic lengthened form for Kayxa.,,.., noll LI1NE 514. sing. pres. part. act. of KayXa2(d, "to laugh aloud," any hence " to exult." Compare Glossary on book iii., 43.'Ocdpltr, Epic and Ionic for otipt4e, 3 sing. imperf. indic act. of kpi~oe, " to converse with one,"'; to hold familiar in.'ercourse with one:" fut. aco: 1 aor. wcdptaa.-From oapoC, " famiiiav converse."'HOere, voc. sing. of sOeto:, eia, elov, " trusty," "dear," LINE 518. " honored." It appears to be a term used by a younger brother to an elder, and probably is intended to express at once brotherly love and respect. —According to some, from Selor, "god like,'~ "excellent;" better, however, from'Oof, and conveying, therefore, the general idea of " known," " trusty," &c.'Eavuyevov, accus. sing. masc. of E'aceuvo', tj, ov, part. of avvcG (according to signification and accent, a present, but reduplicated as if a perf. part.), " being in haste," " Ihestetning." Compare Glos.. ary on book iii., 26, s. v. ae6vJvrat.'Evaicteov, accus. sing. neut. of Eivzatpoyg, taken adverl,. LINE 519. ially, "; in due time." Compare Glossary on line 521, s. v evaoctyor.'Evalatp,~, or, "fated," " sent by destiny," especially in a,INE 521. good sense, " seasonable,'" "in good or due time."-2. " 1n harmony with fate or law," and hence "right," "seemly," "'just," *" reasonable."'Ar7TuaecE, 3 sing. Eol. 1 aor. opt. act. of dripd#U, 1" to cast LINE 522. discredit on," "to slight," "to deem unworthy of a favor." MeOteiC, Epic and Ionic for peuOlSI, 2 sing. pres. indic. act. LINE 523. of jEOi0U1t,," to relax," " to remit," &c.: fut. yleeOiao, &c.'Ayvvrat, 3 sing. pres. indic. of the middle deponent 5y ]LiINE 524. NE vva, " to grieve,"." to trouble one's self." Only used iP the present and imperfect.-From a'yo, "grief," &c.'Ioicev, with shortened mood-vowel, for,7ufev, 1 plur pres. subj. act. of cute, 1" to go." E Ap, Epic for dO, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. act. of didou., 527. Compare Glossary on book i., 324, s. v. dpatv. AeLyevErpatv, Epic and Ionic for atelyeviratf. Consult Glossary on book iii., 296, s. v. aictyEvervatv. L'E;cevOepov, accus. sing. masc. of i;e5e6Epor, a, ov, "frec " Homer has this word only in two phrases in the Iliad, namely, iEed0EpoV chap, "the day of freedom." i. e., freedom, and cmirOJTp Xced0epoc, "the mizzxer commemnorative if deliverance." 4B INDEX TO GLOSSARY. Page (}'epkwX~V. 657 a'~Trrov,;.... 582 5y,. a; 695'A6dvrW,. 746 adynyepaoo. 723 a'6Xra.,.. 714 dyIvwp.. 625 a6X;Tro~... 754 adypaov... 645 a'62..XP * *.. 779 ay7ro... 806 yaye.... 546ya'yid... 781 4yayovre. 739 aTyKyiva.. 714 4ydyw... 620 ayYvKo/OllTr.. 616 iyaeXvr6v... 837 &yacvtoyyrW... 711 iya226geva... 647 aya;~va... 79 4yaipla.... 719 yad. 465 Aya/dlzvov.. 465 d'Zy2,a''7n0.... 840.yayo~.... 658 ay3 a6v... 630 ibyVVlOV.,. 557 6yvvrac.... 841 dyavof....- 612 ayol.. 681 ctyaaflea... 680 /iyovog.. 658 dyavoi.... 684 ayopaaus e.. 633 (iyyea... 649 ayopowv... 625 ciyye v... 737 ayopeve.... 631 ayyerof..61 dyoperelt.. 494 6iyye2ol 543 ayopevev... 591 (lye.. 480 ayo'pevov.675 ayetv... 492 ayopev... 549 yegpotev,..502 a',opIv... 537 dT ElpOV7.. 644 (17pav6e... 477 yxts.. 650 a&yopeca7ro.. 485'~yeYe~i.. ~. 716 ayopir7i,... 672 Iyuev... 541, 561 ayopn7'. 526, 621 iyev ((tyvv}.. 724 2yo8...28,yev (cdyo}... 808 ype..... 804 uyepaaror.. 497 ayptov... 655 dyiipOt.... 719 &cyTpopye'v v... 650 ~ ~pHovre.. 601 cd'ooafvoLalv. ~ ~ 779 844 INDEX TO GLOSSAR t. Pa;lge I I agt dyp). 765 d'Wcuoaro,..55 ]yvc. 795'ATfvpa ~iv.. 516 ayXe ~ 696'AOqvV.. 514':yxio~a(.... 753 lOp6o... 645 AyXia... 778 at (el)... 481 iyXlara., 597 aZ. 637 y2ltarivai... 765 Alavre C12, 7'2~ yxo *... 613 AlMvreea. 728 &yo... 512 AavTof.. 501 ad aapvro... 556 Alyeidv.... 530 ideiv.... 674 azyelpof.... 748 dtvuov... 599z 648 alye[.. 682:i;eveBe~v.... 738 aytak.... 617 iaoov~... 669 allyia. 645 aEtyevalv,. ~. 841 alyt6Xo o.... 516 aede... 455 aty7... 646 El6Ov... 589 aly7evro7.... 577 Ue~Movre7C. ~ 567 aySv.... 472 itetKa.. 545'A~dao... 795 tielKkaat.. 623 a8E60ai... 465 iftpe.... 828 ade6ei.... 739 tlpOtvl.., 610 ad, ov... 64M 810 (EKarolzV7... 838 A&..... 456,ZEKOYTE.... 542 aot'?og... 827 UCovrof.. 536 a'dotoo...39'cKovaa.... 546 aldoo'.... 673:le7Xa.. 627 a6o/evwo.... 542 i'e~'L7j y ~.,. 653'A'do. 689, 808 a.v' e. ~ 790 t"dpE... 680 aeL.... 828 adi.5.6 623 &epaivrode... 690'Akovw7i... 768'eo@ -.,.... 807 acei.... 976 a ero.... "85 aewyeveroCiv. 641;~'rXE~f... ~ 742 aletyevkryai. 687 o/zat... 828 alev.. 534 udo~~.... 748 ac'~o[ 656 d~'d/E2vo1... 465 a?7g. 612 &I8p..... 809 aOaoev.. 643 17av2 a.. 809 at'e. 556 ueavat70atv.. 530 aitdpt 6,13 UKplov. Ose3AI'Oio7rqac. fiS INDEX TO GLOSSARY 845 Page I Pagp dtof/ive;o.. 823 a' u7r(iov. 54, 659 zdon a.. 56 a'Xylrv.. 534 ai90Tor.. 749 aba... 536 al0ovap,.... 826'AK('lavr.t. 786 Aeprl... 671 alvpanov,.. 755 aov..... 748 dKaxyevoc.. 757 aluar6ecaa. 624 ~Kaxreo... 839 aluova.. 758 (aKovro... 785 aiva. 556 (iKcovaa... 582 Alveiao.. 777 aKEO... 470, 573 av.... 655aKq eJro z.... 815 alv~v..... 707 i~~.... 664 atvorae... 579 a(vptov... 807 anvvro.... 753 KilXEpvT.... 781 acvl'... 580, 672 aKore..' 670, 705 iaa.... 612 cdt6vrtv.... 749 aloa.... 776 advrv.7... 717 Aito2at~.. 820 aiKoooua.... 6 i8 ~ir oeoOprl~...749 Kor7aa.... 846 aCoXo/u[p7V... 799 aKov;E0ov... 733 alAbo~rricvCv.. 676 a ovEFev... 579 I'llwv7v... 813 aliovca... 551 6rila... 649 (Kovev.. 592 ait6oL... 649 a'KpdaVro.. 608 anvv... 814 aKpa... 741 atpElr~ ~. 594 cKpTo.. 634 alaa.. 556 aKptra... 701 alaav... 661 aKpLptOuvE.... 621 al..... 557 5aKpSo Koe.. ~. 754 alaia.. 815 atKpo7r6otaL. ~. 790 alava.. 783 KTr.... 641 aoxEa... 682,KO(K.,.. 756 ataxpoit.. 657 a'.... 502 539 alaxp6v.. 605 ade... 538 atcaxvvejue.. 825'Za2L7r6f.... 742 altr.... 673:~a;nrT. 610 alot... 505'A0aZioyuevrtf. 707 ciXOvat... 808 arasa'avrepo t... 730 atXua/aovo.. 732 Zaya~rd~ovTa 76. atx7.. 693 (taa7rdi:a., 637 nXgwr(.]... 769 d'M70..24 oy"r4 1~ 2, 4 ro 846 INDEX TO GLOSSARY. Page pags 4vca. 456, c,.. 762 u2yioar... 624'Aoio.... 782,eyelvv.. 712 al.... 506,ey~eg.. 507'A/ a;6vre.. 676 uA)ey~c.... 511 a'16a2L,6/ueOa.. 644 E-etlvle..821 spo6paa.6t.at 576 UrecbvG.v, 657 ay6p6ato'.. 592 &gixeil., 656 ayeyaprov.. 644'AF6av6doo.. 654 acet66peuvat. 589 Cai3,eev,..; 653 aietvov. 496 uaef~:E/rvaL., 585 a/ue7por'.. 617 LXerfaiovra 8., 817 l... 479, 551 aXevadjevov.. 757 cu'rer2,6eacav. 676 a ea ro... 694 a/nrercra2iLv... 693 aLujE ~....757'ist6ova'... 557 AXiopov.. 824 a1/uvv.... 491 CZeSara... 807 daupvat.. 482 (5sOero.... 784 (feelet.. 525 d/yctov... 836 aEt/ccad2vpcb, v. 704 A~lM~6~~ ~. ~ 758 aI6Eo7raOTT... 631 d23iowo *.. 578 a'l4Xvroo.. 595 izoov.... 708 a4yppqpEa.. 474.;;f.... 600 ayiutaXvlav.. 631 OLKcap... 795 a/Ot6gdnaC... 471 ai2..... 659 #Uqt6p6rI'. 640 ),si[.... 777 Fu~tyvnej'f.. 589 ~)~Xn.~,. ~ 497 ( tpLE>i~aaa *.. 612 ad3,1.xTrov.... 646 cu otKaV~7rret. 623 X7Lodawoatv. 659 aL/u0KtcvrReov. 585 u(XoLLorpe6~aov.. 807 Ipqz t/j2atvat. 493 l?7OTPE... 585 futpi-rotot. 670 aWi6rptof.. 771 aF[b.'.... 592 advrTe... 788 bi, ow.... 514 daocvaa.... 638 av (for clv6) 502 AOXOI... 608 &v. 683 a26Xov.,, 495 aiva (voc. of Ava. 693 aX, *... 579 ava (uvdaTrnOt).. 832 RXro.... 577 av.. 460,)ovaa.. 780 avad6vref. 539 4vacadoslrtL. 773 davd62at.a. 638 ai Adoc.,.. 788 alvdyovro... 68 INDEX TO GLOSSATLY -' Page Pags a) ata.. 793 a'vpa'... 529 ivaebei~... 504 &veayav. 577 dvaJc.. 506 advial... 483 d;,atf,... 752 avcaxe ro... 796 a i:zlove~... 780 veaXov... 689 ivat:af,.. 584 aiverpd7rero... 815 aiY:etav... 714 avev6Ev.. 594 dvatiEev... 679 ~Ivexz'ro.... 785 vagpeat.... 674 veo.... 632 vaKlvat.... 802 avyef.... 659 vaKE~at... 815 v~.... 594 6vaKc.... 616 avKev.... 598 cya~. *.... 458 avVKE7ov.,.. 782 ivanr2,afS......721 aiveC.... 625i ivda7rotvov.. 492 avOeu6evrL.. 648 tivaaoe. 511 avepesvo... 57i &mvcoa~etf.... 471 avtec.... 810 ivacaev.... 528 alletvra.., 626 dvaard.... 551 Uvr'Vro7 v., 828 avaqaxo... 585 avl aVuEvof. 478 dvaao t evof... 694 avOpovar:... 526 a ro.. 634 yovcv.. 554 y~pa.. 620 ypaa... 821 yepaijf... 816 ypt..., 699 yepat6of.. 480, 677 yv'ahov.. 763 yaov... 647 yvia.. 657 yepapo'v.. 673 yvvatlavif... 699 yepapj7rof... 679 yv-;ref.... 726 yoaf.... 496 repijvto.... 633 ygpov.. 467,534 diep..... 833 yepovalv... 733 ~ayU:vaL.... 820 yepovalov....2 da p.. 676 yepaf... 736 daldaaa. 759 y.eaa l.... 528 6atdasoo.... 17 y0O7eaev... 542 dae..... 755 y,866vvof.... 728 6atveov.... 614 y7ipaZ... 671 6atuovir.... 580 y7pa... 468 6ai/ovor. 520 YPvg'.. 743 dauovtv.... 818 y7ayoc~.. 649 datzvv/vovc... 737 72,avK7r:TC... 517 dalvvvro. 565 yLtaovpdg.. 599 dagvvoat.., 806 y3,a`vpyat... 646 dalfat... 643 y2,ovrov.... 760 dalra... 558, 565 y2VK@... 527 daLtr... 727 y)xvodaf.. 715 daTp6v... 727 ycaanff... 526 daSlpooof... 592 yvvF.. 760 6ie.. 78 yv3..... 555 dcztpva... 473 yvwiLevat.. 635 datpv6evra... 801 7yvjaeat.... 637 daicpv'aa.. 546 7~5ayv. 637 daKpiqeoCv.. 548 yvwatv. 825 dayd.... 480 YVwTro.. 674 dapapT. 668 yv&act.. 536 &~aaev... 763 y60v. 766, 839 6adaa'ag.. 765 vo6owaa. 784, 834 e3aydeev... 687 ropyet,. 801 6apetr.. 703 yovaaC.... 781 dauvrt.. 747 yovvaaoa.z., 558 dalt7. 704 (evvara. 730 dduvnat, i02 854 1N:) EX 1'T() GLO;SALRY. Page 1's4 6auuoyl... 834 d6ro.. 644 Aavaolat.. 489 d6ag... 495 Aavaov.. 478 deSpE.. 672 dar'd... 706 difaaa.. 495 Bapdavidao 767 6eEpTEP... 571 Aapdavil.. 687 dewreaotv.. 566 &6pdavot.. 705 6E7ra.... 584 daa6~.. 508 depid/aevot.. 69, dracavro. 550 6epouEvowO. 490 dareoro., 767 &p/a, 818 d6aZv6fc. 630 6eeo.. 649 daclev. 628 6evoiaro 606 di. 456 dev6levov. 500 6daara.. 498 dEvovovf. 686 deEo. 772 derpo... 504 6Ed~o.#a,.., 773 6'XeaOat... 464 6Mero.. 782 6xOat. 465 e~etL:. 600 6... 458 $EBzl aro.. 675 gO'vovra... 467:de~!t~p7 tEo....826 AZiKo'vrTa... 791 SE:,uieo.ljrU".. g slO L 809.7.. 643 6vsev.. 807 iota.... 736 dEtUXao.. 706 d7ior7rt... 655 6EL6ZdwlOV".. 661 dURUo a60aL. 71]~ d~~l&7'#ovcc 661 6y&X~oaaoOat71 ~E etOd....807 6VIiU2gTat... 666 del6trSef.. 6. 8 17j6.6rp 789 df loaaEo... 722 6dpo66po'.. 522 6etdiaacaaea. 614 d'7poyipovref. 67i ie~ouKa.... 50 Lov... 799 5et. ~... 535 pov.... 615 tepa.,...797 d v.. 556, 573 qE~t/o~.". 436vatd7...1vo 783 SEtV.... 475 6rea... 735 1ELwv... 516ov.... 786 selfm,. 705 6ipo.. 628 delrrvov. 638 6,g8tOvrov.. 740 dtpqjv.. 696 6~5o'elov.. 740 Eae.. 794 d6tatca'caa.: 771 d]esda~. 606 dtaroauy8e7~ev 606 EaKrq. 477 t:aKpLVieL.639 ~Ex4L 0o l., 809 dtatct,O-pr.lr 66f INDEX TO GLOS;SARY 85 Page i Paga &aLptajTv;r/Y va... 664 6torpeqeo... 615 4aKpcvoa... 649 dtoTpoEqwv... 510 6dtaKpr6,.... 602 dcr2aKa.... 668 6dlta rpeov.... 688 d6Trvz7a.... 564 dtalzrprp... 692 6ifo v.... 684, 703 d/zrlae... 694 6pz.... 833 dtarepic... 764 6d..... 70 &av. 502 dwcijuev.... 7 d(tvtxa.5... 513 AtSvn.. 781 ta7rEpaa... 710 Atovvaoto.... 818 4tafrpV7'aovaa... -569 6Evra.... 712 &tatbalaai... 649 6/oar.... 831 dtaaKct6daLv... 790 doai..... 707 dlaar7rrv.... 458 6oev..... 463 dtarpi6etv.. 709 dotoav.... 770 dtarpvoev.. 695 6otc.... 681 didov.. 767do tXd.... 754 31v6lalove.. I791 co3tX6arioo.. 692 die.... 792 do'oa.... 733 t EpEo... 579 6o~ora... 578 dte6KoaayEOv.... 649 d66ov.... 678 dael/Eivat.... 835 do2oqpoveovaa... 700 diErE.. 617 66,uEv.... 736 dETrova.... 50o8 d6oevat.... 491 dterp50oEyV... 550 d6..... 544 dtrCpirpqaoov. 653 doav... 507, 551 dtevavro.... 646 do6Aov.... 838 dtyaXe.... 763 0vXo6elpwv.. ~ 647.t9rt>ayev... 577 do7raev.... 750 Al..... 485 dorov.... 745 dl&vr7p.... 712 6opa... 607 d&~vyer... 769 o..... 654 dlKa'ipevY.....579 dovp.'... 536 6tKaarr6o:... 524 dovptKetr6 ~. 759 dvevo.... 754 dovptz,vrUT'.. 758 irvi evr.,... 787 dovp6o 661 lv troat... 699 dpKovra... 657 Iloyevc.... 544pKv.... 63Q Atoypdea... 735 Apavra.. 529 ofo, a, ov.. 459, 497, 673 ApavroF... 81 Wc6C 457 d ieta.'76b S,-); I~ NDEX TO GLOSSARY, Page - T ~vysar...823 E6paxe.7-1 divatc. 643 kyyeydanatv 709 dvvS[ed3a. 634 EyyvaA~eL.. 644 H6vaaa.. 652 kyyva2ieL.. 547 dyve.... 808 Syeivao.. 1C dvviaea... g24, 581 Eyeipoluev.. 645 &vCaio6'.... 809 EytKcbc2traL.. 816 aero... 819 kyKidcao... 687 d6VKiea. 604 yvo... 515 dvr/zueveavla... 788 peTro. 595 d6vrpevEatv.. 660 EyXEt. -. 640 AV:7rap... 658 4Xey- ~ 775 dVaor.vv.. 818 yXEa~..S70 M6fI.. 623 EyXiacraX.ot 607 6vfJ6Votl.. 827 E'yXpt6OLea.o 796 66w..... 833 ytJv.. 485 6&.....558 E6iv.. 679 woseir.... 558 M6ajva. 82 66'.. 841 Edabev. 808 c6 ~awv... 541 i6cetaev.. 470 6&Ice.. 546 E'Geidiev. 817 6iua.. 582 e6dei6tav.. 806 dc6,ara 463, 520 EdEtpav. 563 d&aet.. 491 6 o. aro 562 a.... 499 kdeveTo., 565 daovet... 498 E6.v. 577 X'..d..7. 774 E6r1vjuavro. 506 S3aclcv... 501 6c7So'. 565 cav.. 554 E E'o'aro.. 596 t... 523, 573 duEvat.. 724, 770 la.. 32, 731, 790 Evordcit'.ev 747 iavo... 698 Edovrat.. 726 Ia.?. 634 Edo0. 739 lapoc. 820 d6oa... 601 Cadcut.. 709 16v..657 aos. 725 Edvv. 724 faaw,.. 606, 673 Edvvev. 690 tara.. 669 Edvaero.. 690 P6aovw.. 560 EdrTqV.. 812 aYv. 551 EI&wcev. 491 INDEX TO GLOSSARY. S. Page Page fI EC'J,.. 538 edovrTo.,. 672 ~e rcef....534 te6ore.. 75 ~etad/i~c....593 E6vU.. 549 g'~:(r&p... 473 Eidoov.. 786 UpyaOen. 766 e75~~.. 723 cpyet. 716 elev... 638 vepyyevat... 762 la p.. 779 teo... 833 eCe.. 7730 9ero.. 475 Elce;X(c. 727 i tOlasVO.. 679 eIKEre... 751 erorvo.... 617 iT7V.. 493 qKEV.... 475 etlcva. 699 711 iv. ~ ~ ~ 681, 675 ele.,. 657 ~~~oS ~ ~ ~ C" Ei3LETO ~~~~. 657 l'~.c.... 552 eie7o.. 666 Eiqv....637 el2,E tV.. 627 Eev..... 569 elt'Xova... 516 EOe~........532 et';~lo~Oe.. 752 Oe3~ev.... 821 eitlr66eCa:. 837 Mxpbat... 554 Elt6uevo.. 805 E'O69aea.. 580 12oyEvov. ~. 77. e0Lov... 495 elXvto' ~.. 768 ~O~2~lo/.... 579 e paalv... 699 EE0v... 495 el/v.... 809 foev. 669 eldvot,.. 742 o0erav... 534 el/c.... 509 ~r/xKev...,. 456e.... 767 MOvea. 599 elaro... 627 l0ope.. 711 eveKa... 510 eta... 612 eLo... 738 Ea/pv~p.. 748 e'e.... 489 etaptv.. 648 Elrep.. 487 ElapLvoiloa.. 600 ereaev.. 60t, 687 elac.. 807 edTrr... 522 eaaKcov... 806 Etot... 480 etara... 608 epero.. 574 elaro..... C671 te7plra.. 735 eldap.. 781 Eptla.. 699 e[era.... 522 etpoK6/zya,... 699 el&aetv.,... 579 epopa ~.,.,. 579 elouer.... 549 jetp65 evat... 826 eldopitl.. 625! e',DF6O6CK. 76i, S58 iN DEX TC GTOSSARY. Page i I'a eipuarat. 524 baue~Oavo~v. 70a Etipvaaro. 722 ~Kna.. 472 etpvaaaaOa;. 519'Kn6ohzal.. 75P ezpvcaev... 696 EK6OO... 4tl ~lc....503 EKi766Rov.. 2, 55L eleatro... 618 KnoL.. 803 etaav.. 738, 797;k~xavev.. 592 itaag.... 538 9EKKcatdeKas; pa,. 713!iaflzyvl.. 806 EKa aySa v... 464 Zaro.... 717 Ka;te2,dO60-Oat 829 Lae..... 823 isetev... 774 taev.. 538, 598 zvav...'. 758 iaerat.. 579 EK7lvO.... 694 ~[';vth eov...676'Kcv.c.. 473:tarv.. 692 Kvef.. 563 ElaW... 565 EKvov.. 519 aaKo..,. 677 Kmuvraac.. 724 EIaoKev,. 633 EKoa.... 617 EkopOwvra'.. 692 EKop(7pTlev... 610 zra..... 484 9;Kr'aya... 702 eUre.. 481 kr'ayTrar.. 503 Ei5.. 710 CdK'Tryg.. 531, 636 ~''oSe......804 ctwatdaoety. 806 clo0OT,. 772 EKr'paat... 464 ElW ~....686 ee767.. 624, 695 Esia..... 607 E'K7rpegra... 650 E pa'pyov.. 03, 567 l'Kpaavev... 789 EKaOEv.... 646 EKptVV... 538 ~a'X;vav... 564 Ecira.. 824 Ejcdve..... 697 C~raluvaatv.. 661 eK(TEpEV.... 692 EKIE2ova6v. 626 ixaTroyXelpo. 553'K70oV... 642 Katr6luf.* *. 481'EK7'peov.. 643 fKart6otof.. 645'EKtropdv.. 836 KyeydE4eV... 773 EKTOPo.. 525 biyeyavsa... 678 eKvp.... 673 AK;6ore.. 706 EKqeEp/tev... 772 f~KCsaSe~... 762 EKve.., 756 EKKaaro... 759 E X/eo... 687 iKWKero... 815 EKv.... 66 KlKvtto... 7.81 Edav.... 78I INDI:A TO GCLOSS kRY. 8 59 Page I Page ~;~atame ~.. 742 eaterlcvf.. 8 XSam.,.. 774 XKero. 514 E~dcitaataTe... 615 92,K70/oIo.. 838 E!acaev. 729, 758 gXElzuE.OV. 796 irap... 772 VKo...722';tatp.... 719 Xa6e... 657 U~'tbvlV... 792 eo[Eea.... 611 Aavov....ov 583 2Lovra.... 641 AdqtaOt)... 521 otvre.... 541'Eap,..a 764 E2r5uevo t.... 666 Ederat.... 787 eXat. 555 Ee.....515 Otat... 591, 541 D'EatpeL.... 594 V..... 501 FZyXea.... 620 Eop... 788 CSeyXeE'....726 pa... 6 a 457 eatyXtarov... 626 EU... 473 Reetva.... 630 EuaXoro... 531 e;etf. evo.. 631 EjC/av.... 670 E,'XlE... 577 / ze/Sara.... 769 iUl,,XBev... 817,E.... 511 e;teiX8Xrica v..788 [ Oev. 5,.?5 594 eo~..... 768 ~elo... 510 LIP tero.... 714,uKro.... 743 eOe3epov... 841 gEeiU.. 489 ehaerat.. 558' utXOev. 679 kteiavra... 718,uave.. 526 kx1O v.. 676,uaaro.... 820 te~ev... r524,uixeO~.... 765 E3l0ee o7.... 7783 cr/u~/a srgEwc... 808,-'Xaro... 717 /e /azai... 766 E'ROievat.. 504 /e/uua-e..... 773 EX0,~a,. 765 uyevat... 496,534 E2icaov.. 668 1 /;uoo0E... 533 OiK(7rEC. 55.1 pS'37F.... 507 dtAucLr6.. 492 o..,. 64 E7r'e.. 559 i reCo'... 731 V-Xiaaero.. 463 Epreae.. 713 t21aaolE;,v.... 540 lznrefvv. a.... 573 VLKE. 3. 95,715 p7rl., 581 Alitrev. 610 evatpuEv. 825 F)#Ero.... 518 Evalaa.,. ct '*)bO INIDEN' TO GLO';,SARY Page I Pa'vago.auov.. 841 Evrpo -ra 2,.totuEvr, 839 kvaialuoF. 841 EvrFV. 799 Evali,)Kttov. 755 kvrvtov., 597 Evavrlo... 756'Evv. 779 Evapa... 839 Eva.. 680 ivap[i'o...513 cvor~.. 781 avapiLto'. 616 Ev)paev.. 839 Yapwv. 815 EvC)pro. 588 vdeKcarrtXv.. 831 Er... *. 565 ev tEfa... 587 Eaye. 544 vo0t... 525'EfdLov... 530 vve....;595 aVvo..7.. 766 Evdfaa.... 801aperoc... 619 VEdrlres..... 604 ~S(aKta0 o....a 709 eveilc..... 827 C'aa7lrafc:a.. 499 vetuev~y.... 787 2c'iAeraL... 766 Eve7raiaev...668:a'rivx... 762 EV'p7epo f.. 811 EIaToXoiaTo. 815 veaav.. 826 ES:pxV *... 624 Evevv.... 691 Efav'da... 549 V6Ev.... 587 ESdvovro... 667 Wvjparo.. 758 Ei7lf. 562 Evea. 465, 590 e'izvtaa... 678 eve6E.. 50 Celpeo... 803 EVOeo... 740, 832 e tESdOatpov.. 610 Evi.. 468, 616 6fEtv,[aO 6.. 814 EvtLavroi.. 607 iero... 826 Evica.. 738 eluev... 787 evtrxv.. 739 eevidp Ev.. 748 Vtnrre. 704 EpEo... 518 EVlaCrev... 599 efep~;aa l... 796 Evvea6oiv... 826 eEca'ciwaev. 707 EvvedXAto... 809 Ee... 761 tFvYoYrec'i...811 EaXrae.. 815 t'vv7 a.. 477 eeav0. ~ ~ 776 Evo7ev... 656 ei:raov... 564 fvomr. 651 k5ceiadvO... 746 Evrea.. 691 E~7jprraFe. 697 trea... 771 e:5crte 729 vrTer..'ra.. 800 e OX Ov I l, 68( ly7vro... 565 otKEV... 49'1 INDEX TO1'0 GLOSSARY. $t6l Page Pag4 Eotldci{,., 475 rnrev7voOe. 618 o,,,..621 ebre'eieOro... 545 ov..... 577 cTrcT'-ret...c 634 dvora.. 483 E'7rreo pv.. 539 lopyar... 661 -ErrE7r,2Lyo v.. 789 lopyEv... 624 E7rE7rw;e!ro. 725 ov..... 571 E7rEpetae. 808 krayelpel.... 499 E1rpraev 7. 776 blratyilov... 610 7Er cJpaavr^. 576 lraafa.... 609 EcrEa662o v.. 625.qracaovra.. 763 reatLv.., 486 7airto.... 543 kreaaevovro. 599 bTra/eiberac.. 832 ETrcveaVevov.. 753 7raue5ipopev.. 825 i7rrEcavra.... 509 E7r6luvvoV.... 797 re'avro... 785 Urrap:d/evot... 566 Erearvl-v xovlo o... 719 Erciaavro.... 565 7tarEa rV7o.. e 566 c7raavrEpo... 550 brerec3e..., 769 wraaa7repov... 741 erCEr7'6ULro... 729 E~ravpae~a... 833 erev7~U7rlaav... 465 E7rapvrac... 555 breVXEraM... 764 Elrea.... 516 ereve... 738 ETreyva pev... 592 &rrepcidaaro.. 796 ~tarer7ev.... 752 EryV....76 i~xid~rqaev..752 7*v 764 E7ridpalvev... 753 7rrveov.. 736 7reratvl..... 521 E'rnv... 508'e;yrc.... 816 rnrreg~l6a... 540 7eretyHo0... 635 7r~..61 659 irretyero.., 794 Er.... 768 rEtyopuEVoC... 789 bTriaov..'" 809 rreie7ro.... 470 rrt6gaagdev 620 rl'tpav... 565 rt6~aeo... 771 Tretpiiro.... 706 Etpia... 762 F ~ntpqaavro, 837 t7rlyv#tapas; 582 retatv. 468 "r ti6:a. a 635 Erelv.. 754 ridev'eat. 620!freKpaiaLte. 644 E'rrtdevf. 787 eLuagero.., 802 Ertdlvj aaf.. 697 :v.. 584 h[aa... 552 judato'ar, 463 Miayo/, 463,509 ucav..37 ~aayrc..736 -uav7veECaC 494 INDEX'T'O (GLOSSARY. SP'age PPag UaVrtt;Eia.. 628 /1e Owv... 62.U~i Vr.. 480 eOtE... 841 uaaooVvlv.. 484 ueOtletEY... 734 uapyaiveltv.. 810 u:tgvra. 832 uapluaqprov'Va... 700 pejLvra... 726 Lapva#uvotzs.. 529 iz0e6E.. * 778 ugao'devoy.. 688 teE67 eT e. 725 upipva0o.,. 757 teCOgicraro.. 789 uprvCo... 544, 629 / Eeid iY9ev. 587 uara..ya. 772 UEo... 508 iatevv... 781 uelLtvov.... 796 uaT'joerov.. 772 /vetitXiozat;... 727 ujxatpav.. 685 telvat ~. 577 uaXEotro.... 532pEva7.... 62# a uaxgovrat.. 637pCeEe.... 792 u6Xeo0aL.. 459 / cEveta.... 660 uaxeayeapv. 5. 537 peiov... 677 uaXyaaaro.... 823 /zSaOpov.. 643 uaxovrat... 545,u2atvay.... 50. uaxa6e;o,... 504 eue tagvEro.... 780 uaxoiaro......734 zeatvev.... 714 uixopla.... 459 j/e2dvTepov..., 728'uaX6pv.... 531 puge... 633,udcC... *. 605 ueC7Xterae.. 575 uabtLtof... 781 tt7Eia... 827 ueyalpw. 710 fuvierto'... 527 u.ya.a. 569 ye~fpwv. 594 JL~~~leya~~t~~ci.. ~797 p;a3...- 581 ueyav.... teaxvTa.742 ueyarpo... 608 [guro... 732 uq;/ipotau * 552 1-t uau aa. 743 rugeyap.. 668 eua p... 709 ueyda0?rp,.. 79 7 /.eua7...(. 581 ufyadv... 5639 /euaCvar.. 649 cediev 685,ua~u~pev. 593 ~~U~~d9Otw'T2:7sS~,, 599 jlueyuij..734;E~r(Svee9..~~S. 710,UqFU776..., 799 fl0 r/r.. 702 /_e/aova... 787 vrolie5lV 533 1,ve.. 7Fa3 e E up, '17s INDEX T(O GLOSSARY. Page Yu; uewatvFzucv,.. 794 [Svtv.., 45 ueveaivv.. 697 jviaaf.'768 avetv. 510 Mvovi[' 718 Meveapi.. 506 pupa..,564 uvea.. 493 pt7pia.., 472 MeVord,., 538 unrpo *. 513 aeppripe.... 591 /rzpovT. 562 lgp7?pl:e V.... 513 aTarnSpa.. 817 s-po67reEae.. 626.uercp e.. 775 UEpo7rOv... 527 /u7erope,.. 732 uesaayvyf.. 758 1U1Tera. 51 D; 572 Meaa77Tiof.....838 plrtv... 612 ueradpoy(t7v... 761 p7rio/a l... 702 uerTid??a... 579 [prp vt~.,. 782 uer7,7aav... 789 tXo.,. 634 uer7fEvof... 779 ptat~oSve,. 757 ue7a/6cdtov.. 756 ftdvevO v 719 uera/6vta.,. 735 ptye[f. 661 ueraM... 506 ptyv'a.. 734 ue7'arpg~,... 507 IutyEgatv. 549 uE'aopafe"9;.. 501 fir.. 766 UETpPEVOV... 623 [tav9.. 718 UE.r1E74 EV.. 485 utvacv.. 610 uerkatv.... 666 IyVee ~. 632 uerei... 761 u[vo,.. 763 U~TE7CCre7a... 639 t/vuvreaact. 627 uE7eaEC6VoV.. 830 piv.46( 516 Uer077... 478 [l'vvvda.. 556 uerMda... 603 Iuvvv6ldtov. 547 ~eTro'tla6ev....488 ptvvptc'e. 810 UerJ... 745 zctaysyictav. 745 ETMXE7TO.. 766 [u[6yea.. 62c ue~... 471, 532 playov.. 684 U.....466 /[Fv'7VXO.., 565 u8dea.. 634 piTpqf ~. 717 ~7deO. 636 urv7aaiaro.. 651 U 7sETO., 595 7vjcavro. 724 M7/ct'd r7?id'd67 813 ftv7jzaa. 554 rsxRa...728 vaaca8Oe. 817 ~?va... 627 fivnao zra., 721 r.ve.. 557. 469 fvaTc7'C 827 INDEX TO'1' GLOSSARY. 9 b~, Page Pag ucipav.. 534 veiea.. 630,otp71ye Jr.. 675 vE[KEE., 19 uooo'a.... 829 vetel. b75 uoiO...7. 567 vElKEtEGKE.. 619 uopupovTa... 793 veLle?,l.. 584 uOpcwlov... 797 velKE.. 734 uoiJvo.... 617 ve[Keraev... 65 Movdciv... 589 veoK.. 709 Mydovoc... 676 vEav... 685 uvOaaOat.. 485, 535 veKddecatv... 810 uvO~6ojiat.. 650 vEKrap. 587 u0og.... 466 VEKap Pov.. 698 uvtaiov... 648 veKvecc.... 782 MvKV.a.... 736 veKv'Vo... 477 MVK'V7r. 710, ex..v c.. 832uvKov.... 802 veuea~c'l.... 803 uvplKitv.... 813 vEyieopa... 628 Mvplzd65eaacl.. 511 VCEeyw.... 672 Mvp/zt6vv.. 542 vEltEz6Ca0ev.. 619 uvpla.. 455 ve/LaCr~ro'.... 70; UJpO[EV.... 834 vE/CLEc.... 740 uVx)..... 820 vpot,0... 824 uc&xov... 641 vEot..... 564 uo,ulyaov-at... 701 vEoV.. 551 uJvvXa.... 772 vovraL.... 683 VdOV7o... 811 veo'aoc...oi 630 vaiaKEe.. -799 vveor7vx9def. 769 vatcetra6... 699 NETop PE.... 597 vaioval.... 606 NEop... 593 va'v.. 643 NE97OPdrlr. 813 vavf..... 461 N6rp... 526 vaV'rva.... 711'veov' a... 838 vEapoc.... 626 vespa... 715 ve6po.... 727 vevpO. 7 15 vetaea... 599 veq5e;iT,,YET 573 VEC6oV.. 662 vEo.. 728 Era.. 469 veecOa. 620 teVaipy. 791 veiv. 475 letaTov..776 VC7r.p.,. 529 relaro. 830 v7a. 502, 461 ssO INDEX TO GLOSSARY P'age I age PJar,. 461 Viqof.. 514 V77yareo. 595 02oXov. 767 i6vuof.. 590 15;yclev... 639 veC cut.. * * 484 y.vcat.. 552 7iov... 661.VvEIK ~. 459 Nfltc ~ ~.. 81 2. 594 v y; L'.. 686:vv/ica... 498 N nL7cW.~... 593 5vviev. 532 vlvueprE..484, 678 vv~llyt.... 459;vv'ruV~L~i[;.. 790:vv6vref... 743 v776o. ~. 472 var.. 74'7 vi7rtdaXotr. 633 vUl..to 594 v7lvai. 467... 415 vtc ealv.. 680 ~ 497, 527 voeovva. 584 obpt.. 841 vo~caL. 545 6eoTtv... 565 voicat 575 b6ptloepyo.. 783 6eov. 50 p66p/ov. 693 VOL.... 649 b6pqzordrpn... 802 voaraico/lev.. 622 oyKov 719 VO6aroc 611 66a, 644 v6b..t. 546 6dvvzaa... 783 vortlojLteOa. 599 odvpova. 626 N'6To. 609 Otavro. 819 vovaov ~ 160'Ovauio~.. 501 v0.. 5)), 549 Oact.. 813 vv.. 467 6~ot.. 671 vv~uf a... 669 ov. 52 vv E.... 758` @. 630 vv6v. 659 60ero. 783 Nvcaiov... 819... 671 P(jtuzaav.566 6oia. 511 YJTa.... 611 6O6vat.. 671 ot.... 484 6'c... ~527.avfOi. 515 o!de. 545,av o. 787 oteat.. 580 gELVO66K',V. 693 oiee.. 742 zOS~d.737'teaUatv -176.'~~'~'~lj9C 826 7."v. !NDEX TO GLOSSA.RY. 31 Page Page Ai(voC. 829,0vo... 0 a'vpoq.. 556 OKptt6,eVt.. 752 c;'l po" Po 667 6KpvoiaaC. 803. 552 bKTicv7La,. 800 oCp., 795 o5;6Xdatyoa., 675 ZKEa6, 464 6?Eira. 632 ohica~, 784 6oElcovro. 460 oi/tia. 812 52,,r a. 517 oulco. 495 o2,at. 702 oasJ. 744 2bllyov. 508 oi&Sac. 760 AXvp.. 455 Oveidao. 807 b6;~vrrwv 7144 oavo6ap.. 521 2,ot... 545 oivowa. 546 6,o2Lvv''... 830 Oivowirdvy. 799 6,ooio.. 669 ovox6e.. 587 6o5o6vp6/evoc.. 809 ivoXOEECetv 606 LoJT7epoc.. 695 oivo,y6o0o.. 606'O,ura... 463 oaaa. 816'Ovzt7rt4def.. 651 oto.... 690'O/arzrt.. 572 bto/cat., 486'026VL, rtcc. 517 oiov.. 529 ovpac. 769 vtov.. 650 L2... 720 oiog.. 497 /a(o'., 601 oig... 538 ouz6pov. 652 Oialev,. 665 5/y7epe E.... 478 oaCygElval. 667 6jUr/pLKcbiv... 674 o}~ere... 66.5 5O/LjKtKCt... 778 oiZ eUPo2.. 772 6jugo t... 761 olaa... 489 ji[u;2ov. 655 6LTrevaov. 7, 12 X.. 548 iEaro~ 0.. 474 ilXZ77v.. 653 olrov.. 702 6uoLwg,. 532 l,yVeKoI'.. 806 ouoitov, 731 cIP^i.... 515 6uout6Oeva. 512 atw... 479 ioicXf., 819 oiwo,.... 812 6/olXq7jaxCKE 616 ow)voat.. 457,/t6pyvv 784 6(oJv.......678 6..6 685 twvo7rw6;t.. 483 6uoaao o 486 veO.. 773 uof)., 47 4E2 a ~2 ~ INDEX TO GLOSSARY,. Page p a ~lqa~6oeaa ~,. 744 bpEolvro. 64 b~a~1... ~753 oppEaKoCltc.,. 53 0u/t... 595 opEc6t.. 52. b/f....514'OpearTd6ef., 37 ov... 590 Opect.. 745 ovap.. 480 pOwei... 595 bvsiSea.. 535 Optvev.. 608 Velt6iol.. 575, 625 opr0... 757 bveL6~lov.. 622 o6plvozEZvri.. 627 5vE&tiaov.. 518 opla... 505, 633 ovetpov. 591 pKcov.... 523 OvEtpo-T6/.o2y 480 op/~... 796 bvr1a.. 572 dplua e.... 733 bvlaeal.. 827 5p/~lzara... 635 ovaev.. 770 opov... 560 ov6yav.. 489 opvvO... 834 bvoulv... 650 obpvv/voto.. 809 bvoaatro.. 754 bpvvygov.... 740 bS;Ea.....619 Oovvul.... 460 b~v....513, 696 pvv60e... 751 oTra.. 6 3 672, 6&0 pvvrat... 741,ral'e. 731 pvvro.... 652 bn'~o'v....779 pove... 630, 689 7'6ft.. 614 op6o... 773 7rT.... 589 opore.... 734 67rtBev.... 515 OpEV.... 728'jgTri'rE'etc....735 6p6o... 546 689 ~[be5.. 403, 833 Opeeo.. 683?7rXorgpto.. 666 opo.... 723 7n'SC.... 811 opao/~ev... 707 9r7r7re., 507 opvayo. a.. 744 5 rraia.. 733 bpqavKov.. 837 5rra... 818 opXajuov.. 817 lrwptvp.. 755 o'pwpe.. 742 ],r~.,. r. 545'Oaca.. 600 rpda6~.. 688 oaa(rlov... 803 paro. 478, 515 6ae... 5, 761 opeyvvS.. 547 5uo6laevo c.. 494 ope(ida,;.. 730 aaov.. 512 bp:a-,o. 835 o~rea. 721 p )E9i "C.. 757 5r7 t "Al rfINDx TO GLOSSARY 8$3 Pnge Pagp rpta;~a.. 683 oopa. 489 497,506 O'pUo f.. 676 Bcpv 6t. 576 rptjp5.. 541 oXa.. 483 obpfvovaa.. 600, 646 oXfeat.... 799 ov.... 554 XeCtv.. 729,763 )bS E.. 696 769V4.. 525 XEov... 656 v66v..,. 834 ~X1/Fer... 7 oaalu6v.. 727 o' a..O... 676 sv~opvLduew *., 455 x ac.... 574 o2ov.. 591 6XOnvtv.... 747 ovoX raf *.. 562 $,E.... 720 DVgvtz~roto... 473 obea... 734 OvXVFro'vde. 520 becuOat... 764 oiveKa. 461,494 0,ty6oV.... 693 volua,o. 681 ptyov.... 632 o0Vr7.. 5.21 4bTAr3e 0ro1V... 632 OWpavi[ve. 582 ~pavo5ev.. 514. ovpav660.. 651 ~rtd..... 722 aipea *. 506 7'yXv... 757 vpeo.. 616, 657 zratoova. 567 osfpeatv.. 745 Iatv.... 783 ovpyag.. 476 ra.... 464 opovy.,. 568 ratodiccova... 645 o0pov. 610 vraatyevei... 699 3 V..,,. 729'raia/udv.a. 669 7vra.... 753 raMtv... 524 ~r51,V.. ~. ~765 7raud/,qtv.... 691 Srae... 759 -ra2Gdce:o... 763 o0VTce. 746 7ra?26 6?oya... 499 ort... 505 zra~t/y72Lr2yXOev-.a.. 479 ovrtzdalvcl.. 522 7rdtV.. 89, 703 ovrt.. 489 7ratvyperov... 575 ovrol.. 535'raYgvopof.. 657 oeXe7,. 673 Ia27Lu dca.... 516 60be3c, 556,658 Iatuc... 553 5oix~ e... 661 7ra2,ev.,.. 547 ~e3g2ev.. 547,644 7rdowv.. 654 0QE27Lovaa... 743 7rr/av.. 557 oCtoclyr u 5 5r,c u, (iy r a. 712 {84 INDEX'1'O GLOSS iRY. Page I Pa nta,'roiKt)Loz. 829 7raptaXEv, 725 zra/zqaivvat,. 755 rapflz6L6XcKtc 707.ratuoatvoSJa,. 776'rtpotOlev. 548'raFavdc a. 646 7rdpof. 563,ravaypov.. 788 7rual.... 157 ravaio~of.. 722 sraccd~ov. ). 7 [IavaXatv. 642 -'ram *e. 724 iravLzElAt1. 566 7r(caojv... 79S i:iv8oov:... 671 Trr7av.. 719 ravvvXot.. 590 7ov..... 824 7ravavy... 592 idrp77f.. 469 7rndvreGG.. 3 7rarpda -... 608 ravr7.. 55 1 IIarp.6!c.etr. 544 7ravroicv.,. 641 1rave... 533 ravr6ae... 692 j a;ipa.. 679 ra7rrovz;tv... 783'avpor7potat. 605 7rar7'fvwov... 723 raavro... 565 arrantjva.. 749 ra'c,?. ~. 723 7rrp.., 684 7avaov a.. 517 rapaQ6Ydnv.. 707 ravacdwO. 639 rapai.... 694 rIao; ayovv.. 792 rapa~ila.... 736 raxei... 697 qrapaKoir7g... 837 rdtZa.. 596 n'aptKco tll....660redo.. 648 7rapdKotr1t.. 711 -zre6ovse.. 684 7rapdp,,7/... 583 7rgEo..... 725 7rapdadIv.. 654reeo.T... 519 srapaalv... 768 egeaoat.... 532 TrapEtd... 657 1r e[Ora.. 504 rapedrn,... 580 ~rE[OOVvaC.. 487 rapeo',. 554 I'e, /EoV7':. 532 srapeCdl1evo.. 810 rego.... 470 waopeaXro.. 824'retvawv. 655 p~apeV6leaG,. 500 Il~cpatdao 7. 7,25 tripeare... 650 -eTpaTa... 819 nepapactrat.., 518 ~'etpcra~.. 615 Taprpeculav. 776 retpnaaL.. 536'aprilov., 718 -7retp0aopat. 598,rapSiv ~.. 798 ITEtpioov.. 530 rapwuevo.. 557 retpj,uevof., 764 a[araro 724'etC'gouev. 77' NVEX'TO GLOSSArI 86b Page Pag r,5tec;8a, o.. 534 Trp. 499 e:I~eItv. 94 ITIeoy~du/ v., 750 rt~a'av... 560 wnprl(E..' 45,:faaaev.. 715 7repo/Exij.. 638 a r)iazor....775 7rep[.. 529 ~rC)et......651 lrEpidpo/to.. 800 ae7Xetuatv...805 rtepla2Ea.. 684 IrrdeicvfS.... 661 rEpttcKaXR. 782 7re;{GdlX19...754 reptKa~:~of. 588 7rt;EV. 744 rep K- vro..6.. 589 r6cErat.. 534 Xrepi9r7yaav. 754 wrrerat,.. 686 wreptar7aavro. 642 llt r... 602 rrep~6Xeo. 552 wfrwpa... 632 reptpo7rE'ov.. 627 7ie-Jptov.. 673 wreptpadewf. 565're jpov. 801 wrep[opwv.. 784 7wr~TrOVtV.. 551 7reptctlov.' 734 r.-pr6Q6o.a... 564 HIept~cStov.. 813 rrEvOEpf..,822'Epv.. 785 rvOo... 528 e6elv...16 eovo70.. 540 rTcrel.. 751 revraErlpo v.. 642 -recaglev.. 620 ~ re~'a2 ayut vo.. 829 7rerot'f.. 631 7rE-rap/zvov 526 ~rravcav.. 568 TEnavplivot. 671'rdE76aaa.. 753 7riP yev.. 669 rrerCa79v.. 781 refrfotuev.. 492 rerelvSv.. 64; renA:7yvia... 803 Iereo.. 732 rre ly(js..' ~ ~ 623,rrovrat. 600, 652 ne'7rLo,.. 769 r6rprlg'.. 599,rE~rvvtvlo... 671 rrpavrtZ. - 463, 791 7rero,'Oaalv. 732 rEgveouev... 823 re7oiton.. 575 irecplKtviat.. 729'rro'?c.C. 730 7req vao'v.748 v.t'orv.. 763 7reovylt vov. 839 rtoxvef... 620 wre eK... 713 gEroo6e.., 664 r e,v,.. 748 ~ rlrGcrara.. 600 rn 633 TErvpWpEV~... 688'riye-rqizdf),2q( 677 rremravrat. 769rg E w)3.,vrtPr~otro,,. -814 Hn)~ed6, 5a 4861 INDEX TO GLOSSABll" Page Pagp L[rei(!,... 512 7vEeovref, 35 [I1aoc.... 570 rvepVE ove, 753 nD.e... 673 rVOL7.. 798 l-I7~Sde;...455 rvotctL.. 790'7zLa.... 660 7rodiplc. 497 wllzivetav.. 687 7r6af., 479 rffaC... 680 r6eoect. 701 "rX7f..... 745 lrod've /o.... 780 ~'.7XEr.... 7~ ~roOeeace7... 570 rtCEtv.... 728 ro0oVe...7E 772 rrgaea.... 827 rOO... 524 r'OeeOe.... 529 7o.... 499;rifla.... 518'rotcrooactv.. 769 riOa~.... 738 7roKcRuaamr... 830 7rq7ra.... 556 rotpaivov... 813 rtOu7) v.... 770 roulva... 530 7rtop6v. 715 ~O-olv.... 603 r[,uirrav-ro.. 493 rotue.... 653 tCvarK t 8 7tvi... 82648'rivoalv.... 727 7roc rvrovra.. 588 rtova... 472, 641 roVEaf... 580 riovof.... 789 7roEe... 644 gr~iato~.... 525 o7eat... 791 raaa.... 728 7r'67eacv. 738 artaavro... 825 6eo'... 727 sra6ovac... 607 ~roep7iaa... 632 niI;~Ci,.... 835 xro~Xeiz;'v.,. 508 wXaraviarv. 629 ro2euiarG7v.. 776 lraclrea... 649 wr6ezoS... 480 srrag...,. 606 r6:e ~... 709 ~r7elat... 619 wr 7l... 660 nr2oV,... 508 7r6ta.... 730 rTov:.... 791 ro2g... 546 iriioveat.. 533 7r6tv.. 464 RLEvp.... 746 ro2lwv. 498, 70,;tAjyatv....623'ro;Xa.. -70, 547 r?,0ovrT.. 762 xor2,6K.. 552 rA706v... 608, 650 7roXrlc. 45*6 ar'7XvaL.. 800 ro'trov 604 ~rxgev. 623 0robov. 607 ~k7npq7rn'~*...~602 ro;~?a,?v. 603 INu X'rC GLOS^SARY 687 Page I rag rrO)3ti,.. 490 TpEv.. 821'rovdZiKo.. 508 7r6pg,.. 82 7rouvti:.. 806 r,6poJ.. 825 7roXapvt,. 603 7wopavvov:... 701 rroXv6evOiof... 559 7rOtplf.... 767'roS6ov3,of. 774 qropovp.;~v... 668 ro?,vdaaKpvv. 669 -ro p Vpeoov.. 568 ro3,vdat6aOov. 693 Ioet6dov... 553 roxvdetpPdOS.... 71 ro[.... 596 HoXv6eKtcea. IL,6o... 565;',o8vptov... 721 7aCt.... 690 o2,T (Jpo.... 835 07or.. 172, 505 7rokv;7y ~... 627 7orOpotL.... 761 7ro3,vUx... 740 ror... 525, 558?ro eao... 696 1rort6e.'Teva. 608 rcotvrcX7jta... 598 r6orov.... 636 o;,/Cb l7o... 743 rrvta.... 548 wTO tVKzIr6iT... 814 7oro7o.... 566 7ro2vicotpav... 616 ror7Cvra... 647 qrov;,tv... 794 xov..... 498 ro?0v?2' o.... 794 7rwov2v6oEtpV... 664 ~ roa)&tTlfr.... 538 Trovv.... 804 wro2vujXave... 613 wrpar6eaatv... 589 7o7L2,yvOg.. 679 7rpea6v77r1r... 710 Ho2,vvelKe... 736 w-p]vga... 831 HoxvveElcK'... 736 rpi lvo ef.I.. 644 owro draoovo.. 742 1rp77vel... 643 roAvtova.. 562 7rp a.... 5181 TIo; TUV.o v. 530'rp~aa.... 640 ro~vooit o tuo.. 470 rp7ayev... 568 1ToXvo6Vr7.. 738 IIptaoolo.. 464 7ro3XLaXKov. 789 pv..... 468 7'o/ta.... 822 xrp0... 484 t'OVEOVro... 761 7rpo6ioPro. 56",roerluevuo v....736 7rpo6dovLa... 49 r6vo.o:,.. 547 7rpo6r7.. 641 7r )v70TO'pOo.. 561 rpoto~ctv.. 713 troTOSpo tn... 659 rpoce.. 738 r rotV.* 609 wrpoEpvaoav, 560 R7rot... 528 7rpopvao'ev.. 538 rny. 4a4 ~irp quivJise, 649 EprEpoV... 509 arra.. 522 gpTrarof 584,)crepov. 467 pcp v... 462 atvev... 668 veye. 509 V6Eve, f.. 560 Ebeyopev,.. 608 6~lpCPEpe. 771 em:ovTat... 611 ~;vx......641 7.. 594:83XEbxEc...804 Tytvoc.... 808 b pe-peperlc... 547 9y... 798 vi';Vyo~... 720 rpciv.... 531 7viov 836 0ov.. 836.... 786 ~.;,6poov.. 703 ~'..... 734 v_,Jov... 569 906uevo c... 764 wv.. 550 (plj'p,~tL~... 837 Xa2KcOdovrwtdiaq. e 746 Spvylv... 675 xaya'dtg.. 687 v... 827 xauiE.. 656 ovyetvZ'.. 640 Xauaa.. 748 6 6ypalv. 774 Xd ot. 722,,yotpev.. * 479 XapdpnS.. 745 Qvyov. 652 Xapeti. 839 ouv. 496, 679 XdPl... 797 -6v'a... 636 Xapievra.. 472 Oval fE7re.. 686 xaptEaraof. 816 Ovxaiao'... 622 xapt'o/ ev7.. 760 vxegdy.. 760 xapicatro. 814 OvZa. 523 Xp Mtre~.. 779 vto'Xrtv.. 707 Xdp/ua... 660 ~VEt... 523 Xapy] *... 724 wvaiSoog.. 682 xaaapuevof. 754 ovat6 vra. 725 xariretg.. 619 Ovralt~. 823 XE *... 820 o)vnaev.. 543 Xenla/1o.. 744 ~e;ra.. 612 XEciiptat, 627 Xrtlzepitf...580 X. XEtucva.. 652 iao... 785 Xeipect., 684 XV ovro,. 799 Xeipov. 724 Xa;c&peOa. 773 Xiovea.. 555 ~a~'cSyeo@ 757 Xepedova 583 l.aipe.re 543 XEet6woepov 622 xai~p.. 506 Xepegv., 40~ Su(;i INDEX TO GLOSSARY. Page Page tepia 739 Xpva7tdo. 49 t:prfi' - *.. 487 Xpv'tlv (XpbGq). 1 ~eppua6,.. 752 Xp'ar5iv (Xp5f,. 461 ~epviha.J.. 562 Xpvoraivtof. 824 tepaiv.. 462 Xp *. 751 ~epaa;. 741 XYVTO.. 753 wSv... 647 XvT... 838 yIlpa... 626 XwtX)6. 618 zypwjae.... 795 XW6/zevo. 464 550 -7pca ai... 767 Xwo'aylv27.. 702 u~lrei.. ~. 838 XtJcerat. 4.7:otL.. 629 yoSl... 558 yoov.. 490 hajLufotf.. 569 tuatpa v.. 822 bE6vz.. 618 yt-rva. 595, 623 cbEeo... 739 y;atvav.. 613.. -.. 725 oaide... 753 bevd6EYvot.. 795 62oo... 521 cEvaralyur... 821 y'iXov V 71 l:6~,ov....48it7:A.l...,4. 45C To6ow... 40:oioJeiC. ~..460 -rooa5UE1vof...615... 593, 822 XOwo'ejtEs....486 wKa.... 55 Xooro7otv... 726 Ka... 669;opovde... 699 KEavv... 557 TpaZa,ue... 759 tcetav... 750 xpatelv.. 525 KVtopf... 6556 xpatgu.. 468, 660 mvtpopSTaroC... 572 XpaicaoLY...582'vcnvr6deatv.. 39:Xoavac.. 765 LKwvroootv.. 757 ypecl.. 544 tcvp6o.... 793 Y~f(..,f. 519 GKi).... 473 apoa. 718 t;deca... 664 ~po6... 716 W5/ilz~Za... 5St Xpvcaa7rvKaC.. 781 cb/oOETriav. 564:pvaa6pov. 789 (ottv... 794 ypvta... 683 SettZv.. 474, 59d ypvaeotf.. 526,uv. 6v. 7G6'pva... 462 c tuoodyotacv. -. 8. ~pv'a,...51 /. 618,6' -, VL:N 1) C'10 G 03S R. 8AR, Page e Pag f,~zCw.. 695 5pro.. 7';91 v...730 d.. 469 5vraf...552 SalTo.. 798: e.....830 av... 754.Tra.. 672 Caaro.. 815 wfraaav. 820 e... 520 )trwFiraa,. 565 e.. 489 i2pat.. 802 WtreMLAf. 718 jparo. 808 Srpvvev. 683 efOaPv i. 787 wvro6.. 782 _pitatve. 513 60Xee. 70.' -pie,. 832.Xero ~,. i:597 5pvvv,. G84 SXj6176 a v. 533' ~cwoo. 609 6X,uela. Hi',....460 1P po~