CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE,.. V MEMOIR OF VIRGI,... ix AENEID,..... 1 LEXICON,.. 243 Q UESTIONS,.... 401 NOTES TO Q UESTIONS ON VIRG,... 410 METRICAL INDEX,... 412 FAC-SIMILE OF JS.,... 416 REFERENCES TO ALLEN'S GRAMMAR,. 418 PREFACE. T HE plan of the volume here presented was suggested to the editor by the needs of his own pupils. As some of those who had commenced the study of Latin could ill afford the cost of the means necessary for the reading of Virgil, he was not unfrequently met by the inquiry for an edition with a lexicon and map. His own experience, confirmed by that of other classical teachers, showed him that many students, especially in western schools, who would have pursued the study further, forsook Latin when prepared for commencing Virgil, for no other reason than the cost of the necessary books. Experience further abundantly showed that those pupils who read Caesar and Xenophon with the aid of the special lexicons in the editions of those authors now very generally used, gained much in time while they lost nothing in scholarship. The question then naturally arose, would not an edition of Virgil containing only that portion which is generally read, and accompanied by a properly constructed lexicon, and by a map, be a desirable addition to the list of classical text books? In solving this question the editor did not rely merely upon his own experience and resulting convictions, but personally visited or corresponded with many of the most distinguished and successful Classical teachers in the country, whose words of cordial approval upon the leading features of his plan led to the immediate commencement of the work. In the resulting volume here offered to the schools it has not been the aim to make the study of Virgil easier, but to ViP R E RFA C E. make it less costly in time and money, and to render it more attractive by the arts of the printer and engraver. This volume means work, but work completed in the shortest time, with the most convenient and serviceable tools, and freed, so far as possible, from the mere drudgery of ancient methods. The notes are believed to be as few and brief as the best interests of the student will permit. The aim has been to introduce these exactly where most needed, to make them clear, pointed, and suggestive, to waste no words over what is selfevident, and to pass over nothing that would probably be obscure without comment. The grammatical references, especially in the first book, have been made very full. The position of the notes beneath the text it is believed has advantages in the saving of time, and in the insuring of their proper study and comprehension, which far outweigh all possible objections. Of this the editor was so well assured that he scarcely needed the confirming testimony he obtained upon this point from many practical teachers. In the preparation of the Lexicon the aim was to make the definitions approximately as complete in the range oX literal, transferred, and figurative meanings as those given in the large general lexicons. As in the use of those, so the student will be here required to exercise his own judgment and taste in the selection of the equivalents he needs. In preparing the notes the works of nearly all the leading German and English commentators were consulted, but more especially those of Conington, Henry, Bryce, Ileyne, Wagner, Forbiger, and Ladewig. Valuable aid was also frequently found in the American editions, and especially in the excellent notes of Frieze and Anthon. In constructing the Lexicon the editor chiefly followed the Latin-English Lexicons of Andrews, and Crooks and Schem, although several others were constantly consulted, as also the Virgilian Lexicon of Koch. The text adopted is nearly identical with that of Conington, now generally and justly regarded as the most perfect. The orthography, however, the quotation marks, and occasionally PR EFA C E. vii a reading, have been conformed to the well-known edition of Jahn. The large engravings were prepared expressly for this volume from designs furnished by A. L. Rawson, of New York,the original sketches having been taken by him at the places represented. The map was also designed by the same skillful hand. The numerous smaller illustrations were selected almost exclusively fromVollmer's Mythology and from Milman's Horace. The fac-simile of the manuscript was photographed from the magnificent Paleographie Universelle of Silvestre, in the Astor Library. The accompanying description by Champollion, a translation of which will be found in the Appendix, clearly indicates the great antiquity and value of the original. The specimen presented is interesting not only as showing the general style of one of the oldest existing Roman manuscripts, but also as exhibiting several of those verbal errors so often found even in the best of the old manuscripts, and inseparable from the tedious work of transcribing. The Life of Virgil is reprinted almost entire from the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The editor regrets his inability to name the author of this extremely well written Memoir. The Metrical Index is reprinted from Bryce's Virgil, published in London and Glasgow. The " Questions on the first thirty-three lines of the Aeneid," from Dr. Taylor's "Method of Classical Study," will be no less useful to many teachers, who are not familiar with that excellent little work, than to students who may be making their first acquaintance with Virgil. The editor cannot too strongly urge a careful perusal of those pages, in connection with the study of the corresponding lines, and a careful observance afterwards of those methods of thoroughness and accuracy therein suggested. To study the Aeneid properly is to grow in intellectual strength and grace; to study it carelessly is a sheer waste of time,-nay, worse, it is sacrilege. The editor takes this occasion to return his thanks to Dr. Viii PR EFA CE Taylor, of Andover, and to his Publishers, Messrs. Taggard & Thompson, of Boston, for their courteous permission to use the "Questions." His grateful' acknowledgments are also due to Dr. Schroeder, Superintendent of the Astor Library, and to the other accomplished and obliging officers of that Institution, for many favors, and in particular for the special facilities afforded to secure a perfect copy of the fac-simile manuscript. The editor is also under obligations to Prof. Albert Whitford, of Alfred, N. Y., for valuable assistance in preparing the grammatical references of the first book. In sending forth this volume, the editor hopes that it may be found a practical, efficient, and attractive means of becoming acquainted with the most charming of Roman writers, and that it may tend to foster a still livelier interest in classical studies, in whose value as an auxiliary means of higher education he has an.abiding faith. MILTON, Wis., AprU, 1869. TA (jSAIIjpNNA Timat~.-Me w -Milawmin-. — N~~~~~~~~~~~~%.`3 C::a:~ g' Iiw~~~ i i,~~~~ ~:~~~~,,O XTV ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:i;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~y`~~~~~t;~~~~~:~~~71~~~~~1L iii~~~~~iii; T~~~~~~~~~u;.i~~~~~~;~:~~~~~c~~~p~~~ E,;~~~~~~ Ib' T T' S~~~~~.N- S ii; YA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, 1 R- "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IE-J ~~~~'$ I~~~~~~~~~ -iI;,i~~~~~TX I P, - IE;1 -1_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'0 c:,. —- rffi7;ii.'~?'\ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"B,-.ii.; — r._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~07" 3~ i ~,if~\-~` ~:1 ~:~I.,"~~-~~A~,:.;:.: ~~;777;i;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 ~~y O N r ~;.:i;;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(17~ i j "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~a~mol Lih";FtP-" - r C AO ",P rk la e VIR G IL. q~ C iF the personal history of Publius Virgilius Maro, the A i greatest of Latin poets, little is known with certainty. K~~J~A[ The ]principal authority on which his biography rests is a life usually attributed to Tiberius Claudius Donatus, a grammarian who flourished in the fifth century of the Christian era. Its authenticity, however, is very questionable; and it is so much disfigured by interpolations, that it is difficult to extract from it such facts as may be implicitly relied on. To this suspicious document we have to add a few scanty allusions by the poet's contemporaries, and the scattered remarks of ancient scholiasts and grammarians. By all accounts, the parentage of Virgil (or more properly Vergil) is represented as exceedingly humble. Donatus informs us that, according to some authorities, his father was originally a potter, but according to others, and these the more numerous, he was the hired servant of a travelling merchant, to whom he recommended himself by his faithful services, and who gave him his daughter Maia in marriage. By his father-in-law he was intrusted with the charge of a small farm in the vicinity of Mantua, which he ultimately seems to have inherited, and which probably constituted the poet's patrimony. Whatever may have been the original condition of his father, it is gratifying to find this testimony to his moral worth, and to be assured that he was capable of appreciating, and possessed the means as well as the desire of cultivating, the rising genius of his illustrious offspring. In this respect Virgil was equally fortunate with Horace, X VIR GIL. whose father, although possessed of but moderate fortune, placed him under the ablest masters at Rome, along with the sons of knights and senators. Virgil was born at Andes, now called Pietola, a village about three miles distant fiom 3Mantua, in the year of RIome 684, B. C. 70, during the first-consulship of Pompey and Crassus. He was thus seven years older than Augustus, and five years older than Horace. He commenced his studies at Cremona, where he remained until he assumed the togca virilis. This he did on entering his sixteenth year, on the very day, according to some accounts, on which Lucretius died; thus transmitting, without interruption, and with increasing splendour, the intellectual inheritance of Roman genius. Virgil now proceeded to Milan, and from thence, after a short stay, to Naples. Here he devoted himself to study with intense application, and laid the foundation of that varied learning for which he was no less renmarkable than for poetic genius. To the language and literature of Greece he applied himself with peculiar ardour; and, in this department, enjoyed the instructions of Parthenius Nicenus, an author of some reputation. But literature alone, however varied and attractive, could not satisfy the inquisitive and capacious mind of Virgil. He strove also to penetrate the depths of philosophy and science; and medicine and mathematics continued to be favorite subjects of pursuit to him through life. Along with his friend Varius, he studied the system of Epicurus, under Cyro, a distinguished teacher of that sect, and the intimate friend of Cicero. Traces of this early discipline are perceptible in his works; although by some he is represented as an academic, and as preferring the sentiments of Plato to those of all other philosophers. To somie traditions of his addiction to science, to the revelations contained in the sixth book of the Aeneid, and to the magic spells described in the eighth Eclogue, Virgil probably owes his reputation as a wizard, the character in which he principally figures during the middle ages. Donatus carries Virgil from Naples to Rome, and there lmakes hinm the subject of several fabulous stories, which it would be idle to repeat. The probability is that he did not visit Rome at this time, VIR GIL. xi but having finished his studies at Naples, returued directly to his paternal abode, where he continued to reside till his fame as a poet had begun to attract public notice. Much uncertainty prevails respecting the early productions of his muse. That the Eclogues were not the first offspring of his genius, we have sufficient testimony; but the genuineness of the minor poems, which usually pass under his name, may well be questioned. The most probable conclusion is, that they are either entirely spurious, or so much disfigured by interpolators as to leave few traces of their original form. Donatus enumerates the following as youthful productions of Virgil: —Catalectonz, Aloretuem, Priapeia, El2igrcaamcatica,, Dirae, (ulex, and, whvile he admits that doubts existed respecting its authorship, Aetna. He is also said to have undertaken a poetical work on the early wars of Rome, but to have been deterred from the prosecution of his design by the rugged and inharmonious structure of the ancient Italian namles. To this attempt the poet probably alludes in the sixth Eclogue, where he represents himself as having prematurely undertaken a work beyond his strength. But whatever may have been thle early essays of Virgil, there can be no doubt that he continued sedulously to cultivate those talents with which he was so richly endowed; and to peruse with intense admiration and delight those masterpieces of Grecian genius, which it was his great ambition to rival and excel. Nor was he inattentive to the literature- of his own country; which, however, presented a comparatively limited field for the poetical student. Yet the works of Ennius, Plautus, Terence, Catullus, and, above all, Lucretius, contained a rich poetical line, from which much precious ore might be extracted, and to which it is manifest he did not scruple freely to resort. Into the genius, structure, and capabilities of his native tongue, he appears to have penetrated more deeply than any other writer; and his diction became the standard to which succeeding poets yielded an implicit, perhaps a slavish obedience. What Cicero effected for prose, Virgil effected for poetry. F'ew literary phenomena, perhaps, are more remarkable than the mastery over the Latin language which even his earliest productions display. In the works of preceding writers may Xii VIR GIL. be found many detached passages scarcely to be surpassed; but in uniformly sustained beauty and propriety of diction, the Mantuan bard leaves all his predecessors, as well as successors, at an immeasurable distance. Vlrgil is usually represented as having undertaken the composition of his Eclogues at the suggestion of C. Asinius Pollio, a nobleman who was not more distinguished as a commander than as a cultivator and patron of letters. On the formation of the second triumvirate, A. U. 711, Pollio was intrusted by Antony, whose interests he had espoused, with the command of Gallia Transpadana, in which district the patrimony of Virgil lay. The rising talents of the youthful poet early attracted his notice, and he continued to extend to him his patronage and protection as long as he remained in command of the province. The services thus generously and seasonably rendered to genius were amply rewarded; and the name of Pollio will forever continue associated with some of the poet's noblest strains. The date and order of composition of the Eclogues have been matter of dispute among critics. By some they have been supposed to have been written in the order in which they now stand in the printed editions, and, it is believed, in all the manuscripts of Virgil's works; by others, the second, third, fifth, and sixth are thought to have preceded the first. The determination of the question is of little importance, and our present limits forbid discussion. The subject of the first Eclogue sufficiently indicates the date of its composition. After the battle of Philippi, A. U. 712, Augustus, in fulfilment of a promise which had been previously given to the army, made a large division of lands among the veteran soldiers. Cremona.having espoused the cause of Brutus, was among the first to suffer on the present occasion. Its territory was assigned to the soldiers; but not proving of sufficient extent, the deficiency was supplied from the neighbouring district of Mahltua. Virgil was thus involved in the general calamity, and driven with violence from his humble patrimony. About this time, however, he appears to have renewed his acquaintance and friendship with Alphenus Varus, who had been his fellow-student at Naples, and who now discharged some impor VIR GIL. Xii! tant public functions in the poet's district. Under his protection, it is supposed, Virgil repaired to Rome, and by personal application obtained from Augustus the restoration of his farm. To record his gratitude for this signal favour, he composed the first Eclogue, Which, in the person of Meliboeus, presents a vivid picture of the distress and misery by which he was surrounded; while in that of Tityrus, he eulogizes in glowing strains, and honours as a god, the youth to whom he owed his more fortunate lot. It appears, however, that he experienced no slight difficulty in recovering his farm, notwithstanding the order of Augustus; and that, on one occasion, when pursued by the tribune Arrius, who had taken forcible possession of it, he saved his life by swimming across the Mincius. To these fresh disasters he is supposed to allude in the ninth Eclogue. Besides Augustus, the persons chiefly celebrated in the Eclogues are Pollio, Varus, and Gallus, who had been the poet's earliest patrons, and who ever after continued his most esteemed and beloved friends. The Eclogues, in the composition of which he is said to have spent three years, were received by his countrymen with unbounded ap-; plause. They were universally read and admired, and such was their popularity, that they were publicly recited at the theatre in Rome. Their novelty, for pastoral poetry now appeared for the first time in a Roman dress; the pictures which they presented of rural felicity, and of simple and innocent pleasures, so strongly contrasted with the scenes of violence and bloodshed which had so long deluged Italy; the descriptions of nature so exquisitely blended with human feelings and human sympathies; the allusions to recent and passing events; the polished simplicity, beauty, and harmony of the verse,-all contribut.ed to enhance their merit in the eyes of his contemporaries, and to establish them in popular favour. But however great their merit in other respects, the Eckgues of Virgil can lay little claim to the praise of originality. They are, for the most part, imitations, and occasionally little more than translations, of Theocritus. Roman literature was, indeed, essentially imitative; and its greatest masters rarely ventured to give unfettered scope to the impulses of their native powers. Seldom venturing to depart from Xiv VIR G IL. their Grecian models, they were content to follow closely in their footsteps, and deemed it sufficient to clothe in tlie language of Rome those ideas and descriptions which were furnished by their intellectual masters. Yet Virgil, while retaining the substance of Doric song, succeeded in impressing on his Italian transcript not a little of his own calm and meditative nature, and in awakening the popular sympathies of his countrymen in a manner which at once stamped him as the national poet of Rome. Not the least difficulty which he had to encounter in introducing this new species of composition, was the apparently intractable and inflexible nature of the language which he had to employ, little fitted, apparently, for the description of pastoral and rural scenes. But the powers of the poet triumphed, in a great measure, even over this difficulty; and although unable to rival the matchless melody of the Doric reed, he imparted to his native tongue a delicacy, softness, and variety, of which till then it had been considered unsusceptible. In estimating the immediate reception of the Eclogues, we must not altogether overlook the skill and dexterity with which the poet paid court to his early patrons, whose voice was perhaps no less potential in the literary than in the political world. Their publication nmust at all events, be considered an important era in the literary history of Rome, as exhibiting the first fruits of that genius which was destined to stamp its indelible impress on the literature of future ages. About the thirty-third year of his age, Virgil removed to Rome. Here he experienced the bounty, as well as friendship, of Maecenas and Augustus, and appears to have been placed by their liberality in circumstances which enabled him ever after to devote his undivided energies to his favourite pursuits. It is pleasing to find the most cordial relation subsisting, even at this early period, between such men as Virgil and Horace. Both candidates for popular favour, in circumstances which too frequently produce rivalry, if not hostility. these illustrious poets appear to have been united in the closest ties of friendship. Virgil is said to have introduced Horace to the notice of Maecenas; and the deep feeling of respect and admiration with which Horace regarded Virgil is manifested in several parts of VIR GIL. XV his works. The sixth Satire of the first book exhibits a pleasing picture of the intimate terms on which they lived with their common patron Maecenas, and with some of their poetical contemporaries. During his residence at Rome, Virgil inhabited a house on the Esquiline Hill, near the gardens of Maecenas. He was treated with universal respect; and on one occasion, when some of his verses were recited in the theatre, the whole audience rose to salute him, with the same respect that they were accustomed to bestow on the emperor. But his modesty shrank from the public gaze; and amid the splendour and homage of Rome, he longed for scenes more in harmony with his poetical and contemplative genius, and, it may be added, better suited to the delicacy of his constitution. After a brief sojourn in the metropolis, he accordingly retired to Naples, at that time the favourite retreat of literary men; and there, or at a delightful residence in the vicinity of Nola, about ten miles distant, he continued chiefly to reside during the remainder of his life. Having thus chosen a congenial place of abode, Virgil, at the suggestion of Maecenas, commenced the composition of the Georgics. The subject was selected, we are told, with the view of restoring among the Romans a love of those rural pursuits to which they had been peculiarly addicted in early times, but which, amid the desolation and bloodshed of the civil wars, had been entirely abandoned and forgotten. Little is known of the private life of Virgil during the composition of this immortal poem, which occupied the space of seven years. Donatus and others relate, that he was accustomed to dictate a number of verses in the morning, and spend the day in polishing and reducing them to a smaller number. From internal evidence, this appears to be no inaccurate description of his literary habits. The Georgics more than realized the highest expectations that had been formed of Virgil's poetic powers. This work, which is dedicated to Maecenas, is divided into four books, and treats in succession of husbandry, planting, cattle, and bees. Our limits forbid any attempt at analysis; nor indeed could words convey any adequate notion of the wonderful union which this masterwork presents of xvi VIR GIL. didactic precept, variea and splendid description, touching pathos and sensibility, episodes at once appropriate and striking, historic and mythologic allusion, displaying all the resources of the richest poetical treasury. The sweetness and easy flow of versification by which the Eclogues are distinguished, gave but faint indication of the matchless power, variety, and magnificence of the Georgics. Although the subject of this poem is peculiarly national, yet the same imitative spirit which pervades the whole literature of Rome, exercised its influence here also. As in the Eclogues Theocritus, so here Hesiod formed the chief model for the general structure and conduct of the work. But in this poem Virgil perhaps owes less to his prototypes than in his other productions; and he has diffused over the whole a flood of poetical light peculiarly his own. The poet has indeed exhibited the happiest combination of genius and art, and has succeeded in imparting to didactic themes a life, an interest, and a grandeur, of which, from their nature, they seeml scarcely susceptible. Here the Romans found scenes and modes of life in which their fathers Lad delighted, depicted in colours which could not fail to excite the deepest interest, and rekindle in their breasts the love of pursuits which, though for a time banished by the rude collisions of civil strife, were associated in their minds with the heroes and patriots of old, with the undying achievements and illustrious characters of ancient times. In estimating the merits of the Georgics, we must not pass without special notice the matchless beauty of the versification. In sustained majesty, in variety of modulation, in stateliness but freedom of march, it stands unapproached by any other Roman poet, and unsurpassed by Virgil himself. Having with such signal success enriched the literature of his country with two species of poetry, of which till then it possessed no example, he resolved to attempt a work of a still higher nature. It is evident that he had long meditated guch a work; as we find allusions to it both in the Eclogues and Georgics. He commenced the Aeneid, A. U. 724, the year in which he completed the Georgics. This great work, undertaken, as we are told, at the request of Augustus, occupied him VIR G fL. XVii till his death, and even then had not received his finishing touch. As he proceeded with its composition, the greatest interest was excited respecting it, and the highest expectations were entertained of its merits, as may be gathered from the prognostication of Propertius, who thus anticipates its future fame:"Cedite Romani scriptores, cedite Graii, Nescio quid majus nascitur Iliade." In 729, Augustus expressed a strong desire to be favoured with a perusal of the poem, so far as it had been completed; but Virgil excused himself, on the ground that the work was not yet worthy of such an honour. About a year afterwards, however, he was prevailed on to read the sixth book to Augustus, in the presence of his sister Octavia. When the poet reached the beautiful passage in which he alludes so pathetically to the death of her son Marcellus, the adopted child of Augustus, and the universal favourite of Rome, Octavia is said to have swooned away; and, on reviving, to have ordered the poet to be rewarded with ten sestertia for each line. In conformity with the usual practice among Roman poets, Virgil occasionally recited portions of his verses to his literary friends; not, however, for the,.sake of display, but in order to be favoured with their critical remarks. His recitation is represented as highly effective, and as distinguished by remarkable sweetness and propriety of articulation. Having completed the Aeneid, he resolved to travel into Greece, that he might, at leisure, correct and polish his great work, and bring it to the greatest possible perfection before giving it to the world. On this occasion, Horace addressed to him the beautiful ode, beginning, "Sic te diva potens Cypri;" in which he expresses in the most affectionate terms, his anxiety for the safe return of his beloved friend. On arriving at Athens, Virgil proceeded to execute the task which he had' imposed upon himself; and, besides, composed the splendid introduction to the third book of the Georgics. His original intention on quitting Italy, was to dedicate three years to the work of revisal, and then, amid the scenes of his native country, to devote the rest of his life to the study of philosophy, in which he xviii VIR GIL. had always delighted. Augustus, however, on his return from the East, having reached Athens, Virgil, probably in consequence of the state of his health, resolved to accompany him to Rome. But his days were now numbered. The vessel in which he sailed along with the emperor touched at Megara, where he was seized with extreme debility; and his distemper increased so much during the remainder of the voyage, that he died a few days after reaching Brundusium. This event took place A. U. 735, (B. C. 19), in the fifty-first year of his age. In compliance with his dying wishes, his bones were conveyed to Naples, where, in literary seclusion, he had spent so many years of his life; and his tomb is still pointed out at a spot about two miles distant from that city. The urn which was supposed to contain his ashes bore the following inscription, which is said, but without sufficient authority, to have proceeded from the lips of the dying poet:"Mantua me genuit; Calabri rapuere; tenet nunc Parthenope; cecini pascua, rura, duces." The precise locality of Virgil's tomb has been made the subject of controversy; but there seems to be no good reason for rejecting the common tradition of the country on this point. He bequeathed the greater part of his wealth to his brother; the rest, to Augustus and Maecenas, and his friends L. Varius and Plotius Tucca. Virgil is represented as tall of stature, of a swarthy complexion, negligent in his dress, and somewhat ungraceful in his deportment. The melancholy with which he was tinged probably arose from the delicacy of his constitution, and the ill health under which he laboured. Of the native warmth of his heart, and the sincerity of his friendships, it is impossible to doubt, since he was universally beloved as well as admired by his contemporaries; who, amid their mutual jealousies and literary rivalry, seem to have united in doing honour to one who ever cheerfully recognized the merits of others, and rejoiced in, and to the utmost of his power promoted their success. Of the more private and familiar life of Virgil, nothing is known. Unlike Horace, whose works constitute his best biography, VIR G IL. xix Virgil has few allusions to himself, and none that throw light on his domestic habits. He passes before us with much of the indistinctness and shadowy grandeur in which he envelops the shades in Elysium. When he perceived his -end approaching, he is said to have ordered Varius and Plotius Tucca to burn the Aeneid, on which he had expended so many years' labour, and on which his future fame was expected mainly to rest. The reason of this command has been the subject of much discussion. The common and doubtless correct opinion is, that not having received his finishing-hand, he was unwilling to transmit to posterity and peril his fame on a work which he had not brought to that degree of perfection which he had contemplated. Fortunately for the interests of literature, Augustus interposed his authority to save a poem to the completion of which he had looked forward with intense interest, and from which he anticipated so much glory to himself and the Roman State. It was intrusted to Varius and Tucca for revisal and publication, but with express injunctions that they should make no additions to the words of the poet; and we have reason to believe that they executed their honourable task in a spirit of due reverence for departed genius. The Aeneid, as already mentioned, excited the highest expectations among the literary contemporaries of the poet during its composition; and on its publication, was hailed with universal approval. Ovid alludes to it more than once in terms expressive of his convict tion that it occupied the first place in Roman literature, and that, in common with the other works of the author, it would last while the eternal city should endure. The sentence thus early pronounced, has been confirmed by the consenting voice of succeeding ages; and, whatever difference of opinion may have existed respecting its comparative merits, the Aeneid has ever been ranked as one of the rare productions of human genius which are destined to immortality. If considered as the rival of the Iliad, the Aeneid will be presented in a false as well as unfavourable point of view; and it is difficult to conceive that it was composed under any such predominating idea. Neither the age which produced it, nor the genius of the poet, was fX VxIR G I L favourable to such an achievement; but having resolved to compose an epic poem, Virgil no doubt took Homer as his model, and endeavoured to transplant into the fabric of his work as many of the beauties of the Grecian poet as suited the nature of his subject. We accordingly find that he drew equally on the Iliad and Odyssey, the first six books being on the model of the former, and the remaining six on that of the latter. How far his plan was adopted with a view to avail himself of the whole range of Homeric materials, it is difficult to determine; but it was a bold attempt, if it was ever contemplated, to rival or surpass in a single work, the combined excellencies of his matchless models. The chief design of the Aeneid appears to have been, to deduce the origin of the Romans from the Trojans, and by tracing the family of Augustus to Aeneas, to establish his divine title to the sovereignty of Rome. This leading idea pervades the whole texture of the work; and the restraint which was thus necessarily imposed on the poet must have interfered most unfavourably with the freedom of epic movement. The character of Aeneas is meant to shadow forth that of Augustus; but, while he constantly occupies the foreground, he is invested with few attributes calculated to excite admiration, or awaken a vivid interest in his career. He is represented as the mere passive instrument of fate, and there is consequently little about him of heroic daring. The Romans, however, could not fail readily to recognise the intended resemblance; and the halo thrown around the hero of the Aeneid was calculated to reconcile them to the destined sway of his descendant, which had been mysteriously announced by oracles. We cannot enter into the details of the Aeneid, or point out the manner in which the poet has accomplished his main design. As might be expected, he has availed himself of all the native as well as foreign resources within his reach, while the whole displays that sober and chastened judgment for which he was so remarkable, and which, in his case, was so admirably combined with high poetical genius. The Aeneid has been generally censured for want of variety in the characters. That this charge is well founded, must to a cer VIR GIL. xxi tain extent be allowed; but the fault is inseparable from the very design and structure of the work. The chief object being the exaltation of Augustus, no formidable competitor could be admitted on the scene. The whole attention is fixed on one central figure, to which all the others are made subordinate. But although the contrasts of character are not glaring, they are frequently not indistinctly marked; and if they are apt to elude the notice of the careless observer, they reveal themselves with sufficient clearness to the more searching and curious eye. But the great merit of the Aeneid lies, not in its leading design and general conduct, but in the beauty of its details; many of which will bear comparison with the happiest inspirations of the father of epic song. It may not be improper to remark, that Virgil, amid the fulsome homage and adulation which, in common with the other poets of that age, he bestows on Augustus, frequently displays a truly Roman spirit; and, from the manner in which he represents the agents and events of the golden times, appears to sympathize with and appreciate the sterner and nobler virtues by which Rome was distinguished, while the genius of freedom yet presided over her destinies. In the composition of his works, Virgil drew unsparingly, not only. on the poetic treasures of Greece, but on the more limited resources of his native literature. This, however, he did in conformity with the universal practice of his countrymen; and it may with truth be affirmed, that he borrowed nothing which he did not adorn. His imputed plagiarisms have sometimes been pointed out with a malicious industry; but when properly viewed, with reference to the position and mission of the poet, they will be found to prove at once the soundness of his judgment, and the purity and refinement of his taste. The general character of Virgil as a poet may b)e considered as fixed by the concurring testimony' of critics of all ages. That he was deficient in the highest attribute of genius, in the power of creating and bodying forth original conceptions, must be admitted; but, with this limitation, there are few qualities in which he will be found wanting. In soundness of judgment, and correctness of taste; in xxii VIR GIL. depth and tenderness of feeling; in chastened fancy and imagination; in vivid and picturesque description; in the power of appreciating and portraying the beautiful, whether in nature or art; of depicting passion, and touching the chords of human sympathy; in matchless beauty of diction, and in harmony and splendour of versification, he stands alone among the poets of his own country, and will bear a favourable comparison with those of any other. His works have taken their place among the imperishable offspring of genius, and, while literature lasts, will continue to exercise a powerful influence on the poetical taste of successive generations. TOMB OF VIRGIL-INTERIOR VIEW-. LIBER PRIMUSo ARGUMENT. Subject of the poem; invocation to the Muse (1-11); Causes of Juno's resentment to the Trojans (12-33). The Trojans leave Sicily joyful at the near completion of their wanderings. Soliloquy of Juno (34-49). She engages Aeolus to send forth a tempest. Description of the storm (50-123). Neptune interferes, rebukes the winds, and calms the waves (124-156). Aeneas lands upon the coast of Africa with seven out of twenty ships. Slaying seven stags of immense size, he divides them among his companions, whom he also consoles by his words (156-207), Description of the banquet that follows (208-222). Venus complains to Jupiter of the misfortunes of the Trojans. Jupiter discloses to her the secrets of destiny, and consoles her iwith the assurance of universal empire to the Trojans in their descendants, the Roma-n eople (223-296). Mercury is sent down to render the Carthaginians friendly to the Trojans (297-304). Aeneas goes forth to explore the unknown region, and. meets Venus in the guise of a huntress. The goddess informs him that he is near Carthage, relates to him the history of Dido, announces the safety of the remaining vessels, and, resuming her proper form, suddenly disappears (305-417). Aeneas, accompanied by his faithful Achates, proceeds to Carthage, both being invisible through the care of Venus. Filled with surprise and admiration at the appearance of the city, he repairs to the temple of Juno, where he sees depicted the leading incidents of the Trojan war (418-493). Dido visits the temple and is giving audience to her people, when a deputation of Trojans from the missing ships waits on the queen to complain of the treatment they have received from her subjects (494-560). Dido replies kindly, offering assistance, and promising to send messengers in search of Aeneas, when suddenly, to the surprise of all, Aeneas, freed from the cloud, appears in their midst (561-594). Address of Aeneas, and reply of Dido (595-630). Preparations for entertaining the Trojans (631-642). Aeneas sends for Ascanius, but Venus, fearing treachery, substitutes Cupid for Ascanius, that Dido may be inflamed with love for her guest (643-698). The book concludes with the banquet in the royal palace, and the request of the enamored queen that Aeneas shall narrate from the beginning the fall of Troy and his own adventures. ROMAN SHIPS. LIBER PRIMUTS. ARMA virumque cano; Trojae qui primus ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit Litora, multurn ille et ~erris jactatus et alto Vi superuim, saevae memorem Juponis ob iram, 1. Arnmar virimrque cano,; "I sing Lavinium, which Aeneas afterwards of arms and the hero." The subject of founded. the poem is here briefly stated. By 3. llle. This may be omitted in transarma the poet means the wars of Aeneas lating. It is grammatically in apposition in Italy, and by virum, the hero him- with qui and seems to be used to idenself....Primnus = prmo. "First" in the tify that subject more fully with the sense of " in the beginning," the coming following participles jactatus and passus. of Aeneas being, in Virgil's mind, the Cf. V. 457. Gr. 207, 21.... Terris et (alto. first fact in Roman history. Gr. 205, R. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 15, (b). H. 442, 1. B. 663. 4. Vi. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873.... 2. Italiamn=ad Italiam. Gr. 2.37, R. 5, Sperum=superorum=deormr. Gr. 53. (c). H. 379,4. B. 947.... k'ato. Gr. 247, 1. H. H. 45, 5, 4). B. 66. The reference is to 414, 2. B. 873.... Lavina litora. These all the divinities who, by the instigation words restrict the term Italiam. By of Juno,. in any way opposed Aeneas'Lavinian shores" are meant the shores and the Trojans, and thus gratified the reafterwards so called; i. e., the shores of sentment of the goddess....AIernzoremn. Latium in the vicinity of the city of "Ever-mindful," hence, "unrelenting." 4 P. VIR GILII IMAR O 1IS Multa quoque et bello passus, dumn conderet urbem 5 Inferretque deos Latio: genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae. Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso, Quidve dolens, regina deuim tot volvere casus Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10 Impulerit. Tantaene animis coelestibus irae? Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni, Carthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe Ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli, Quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unani 5. Bello. Gr. 253, N. 1. H. 426, 1. B. dolens), did the queen of the gods force," 949.... Du)n conderet. "While he was &c. The first thirteen lines of the third founding;" i.e., seeking to found. Gr. paragraph constitute the answer of the 26.3, 4, (1). H. 522, II. B. 1238. Dum in muse to the interrogation in quo, while this sense is sometimes followed by the the next five, forming the parenthesis, subjunctive denoting purpose. respond to quid.... Quo. "In respect to 6. Latio. Dative for in Latium. Gr. what," or "in what." Gr. 250, 1. H. 429. 225, IV, R. 2. H. 379, 5. B. 837..... Uncde. B. 889.... Numine laeso. Gr. 257. H. 430. "Whence (came)," i. e., from the arrival B. 965. of Aeneas, from his subsequent exploits 9. QuEid. Gr. 232, (2). H. 371, 3. B. 716. and his union of the original inhabitants.... Dezum. For deorum; see on superum, with the Trojans under the name of Latins. 4. above.... Tot volvere easus. "To pass Cf. Livy, 1, 1.. through so many misfortunes." The prose 7. Albalei patres. " The Alban sena- expression would be ut volveret. tors," or "nobles.".... Altae. In refer- 10. Pietate. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414,2. B. 873. ence to the position of the city upon hills. 8. Mutsa. Calliope, the muse of epic 1182 Anipnis. Gr. 26. H. 387. B. poetry.... Qwuo nuniene laueso. Two dis-....A nia Gis. Gr. 226. I. 387. B. 8121. tinct questions are here asked, which are, in substance, as follows: (1) In what way 12. Antiqua. Ancient only with refwas the divine will of Juno thwarted, erence to the time of Virgil....Tyrii. that she persecuted so exemplary a man as Carthage was founded by a colony from Aeneas? (2) Whence came the mingled Tyre in Phoenicia.... lenuere. Sc. quam. feelings of personal grief and resentment Gr. 206, (5). that led the goddess to do this? In the 13. Coantra. For the position of this succeeding paragraph are found the an- word see Gr. 279, 10, (f).... Lonye. ]Modiswers to these questions: (1) The will of fies contra. Gr. 202, II, R. 2. Juno was thwarted in respect to the city 14. Ostia. The Tiber has two mouths. of Carthage, whose future destruction at the hands of the Romans she knew the.... OpuL. "In resources." Gr. 213, fates had decreed. (2) The more personal R. 1, (3). H. 399, 2, 2). B. 777, e. For the feelings of grief and resentment sprung Sldiiform, see Gr. 83,, 3, Expursuits." HGr. 25089, 4.... from the judgment of Paris, from her 1 H 429.B. 889. jealousy of Electra, and from the substitution of the Trojan Ganymede for her 15. Terris. Gr. 256, R. 4 and 5. H. 417, daughter, Hebe, as cupbearer of the gods. 2. B. 898.... lTnant. Used to intensify or Translate literally thus:-" Her divine strengthen quam. Its position at the end will being thwarted in what respect (quo), of the line increases its emphasizing force. or grieving on account of what (quid It may be rendered, "one in particular." AENEIDOS LIB.I. I. Posthabita coluisse Samo: hic illius arma, Hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, Si qua fata sinant, jam tum tenditque fovetque. Progeniem sed enim Trojano a sanguine duci Audierat, Tyrias -lim quae verteret arces; 20 Hinc populum late regem belloque superbum Venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas. Id metuens veterisque memor Saturnia belli; Prima quod ad Trojam pro caris gesserat ArgisNec dum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores 25 Exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum 16. Posthabita Samo. Gr. 257. H. 1207. The reference in this clause is to 430. B. 965....Arma-euirrus. What her the final destruction of Carthage by the arms were, in Virgil's fancy, is uncertain; Romans under Scipio Africanus the probably a spear and shield, at least. Younger, B.C. 146. For a description of Juno's chariot see 21. Bine. "From this source," i.e., Homer's Iliad, V. 720-33. The deities, from Trojan blood.... Populuml. Gr. 239, like the Homeric heroes, were fancied to H. 545. B. 1136....Late.regemn=late reguse war chariots. nantem. Gr. 277, R. 1; 323, 3. (1). H. 583, 17. Hoc. Refers to srbs but agrees with 1; 704, mI, 1. B. 661; 997....:Bello. Gr.:regnum. Gr. 206, (8). HI. 445, 4. For its 247, 1, (1). H. 414, 2. B. 873. construction see Gr. 239. H. 545. B. 1136. 22. VeiturulL. Sc. esse. Gr. 270, R.....Reta.utn-geittibits. Gr. 227. R. 4. H. 3. H. 545, 3....Excidio Libyae. Gr. 227. 390, 2.B. 851. HI. 390. B. 848. 18. Si qua = si qua ratione. "If in 23. Veteris. "Former." Cf. VI. 449 any way."....Sinant. Gr. 261, 2, and R.....Saturnia. The subject of arcebat in 2. H. 503, mII, and 504. B. 1271. All the line 31. gods, even Jupiter himself, were subordi- 24. Prima. "Foremost," or'as nate to fate, which was the immutable chief." Junois represented as the chief and eternal cause of things....Jam tatm. enemy of the Trojans during the siege "Even then," i.e., even at that early of the city.... Argis. Used for Greece period when the city was in its infancy.... in general. TewnditqLe fovetque. A somewhat lit- 25. Nec dum. Besides the Trojan war eral equivalent for these words, together with the rest of the sentence, is as follows: — "Even then the goddess both strives for, and cherishes its being or becoming (hoc esse) a sovereign power (regnum) over the nations (gentibus), if in any way the fates permit." She cherishes the idea and strives for its realization.... Q le-que. Gr. 198,.II. 1, R. (e). B. 1375. 19. Progeniem. Gr. 239. H. 545. B. 1136.... $ed euim. "But (she had fears for Carthage) for she had heard," &c. See enim in Lexicon......Duci "Was being derived," i. e., was then springing up. The Roman race is meant. 20. Tyrias-arces. Carthage, as a city of Tyrian origin.... Verteset = everteret. A For the mood see Gr. 264, 5. II. 500. B. CALLIOPE. 6 P. VIR GILII IA ARONIS Judicium Paridis spretaeque injuria formae, Et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores; His accensa super,-jactatos aequore toto Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, 30 Arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos Errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum. Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem. Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum Vela dabant laeti et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 Quum Juno, aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus, Haec secum: " Mene incepto desistere victam, Juno still treasured up the three original provocations or causes of her resentment. (1) The judgment of Trojan Paris which awarded the prize of superior beauty to Venus, still rankled in her mind. (2) The whole Trojan race was hated by her. (genus invisum) as the offspring, through Dardanus, of Jupiter and Electra, a rival of Juno. (3) The office of cupbearer of the gods had been taken away from Hebe, Juno's daughter, and given to Trojan Ganymede. The 25th and the following lines to jactatos are a parenthesis. 26. Aiimno. Gr. 242. H. 422, 2. B. 948..... Alta mente = alte n mente. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948.....lepostunm. By syncope for repositum. Gr. 322, 4. H. 703, 2. B. 15, 5th. GANYMEDE. 27. Isjuria. Explanatory of judicium. 28. Rapti. Ganymede, while hunting parts:-(1) The statement of the subject on mount Ida, was seized by Jupiter in the of the work; (2) the invocation to the form of an eagle and carried to Olympus. muse for the causes of Juno's hostility to 29. His accetsa super. These words the Trojans; (3) the answer of the muse, belong really to the parenthesis, as they detailing the four causes of resentment. refer to its subject-matter. His. Gr. 247, The regular narrative here begins in the 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873.....Szuper = insuper, midst of the Trojan adventures, six years " moreover."....Aequore. Gr. 254, R. after the fall of Troy, and with the depart2. (b). H. 422, 1, 1). B. 937, 3. ure of Aeneas from the port of Drepanum, 30. Reliqalits Dasatacn. Lit., " the on the western coast of Sicily. The preleavings of the Greeks," i.e., the rem- ceding events Aeneas himself relates in nant escaped from the Greeks....6Da- the second and third books. nanrn. Gr. 53. H. 42, 3, 3) B. 56.... Achil- 34. Iet altuml. "'For," or "towards li, for Achillis. Gr. 73, R. H. 92, 2. B. 125. the deep." 31. Latio. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2, 2). B. 916. 35. Laeti. Because near Italy. 32. Fatis. See on his, 29. 37. Haecc. Sc. loquitur...ltene-desis88. Molis. Gr. 211, R. 8, (3). H. 401. B. tere. " Shall I, defeated, desist from my 780.... Co odere. Gr. 269. 549. B. 1150. purpose?" Gr. 270, R. 2, (a). H. 553, Il, 1, -34. The introduction -iA!ow complete 2 and 3. B. 1159....Incepto. Gr. 251. H. and is seen to be composed of three distinct 425, 2, 1). B. 916. A ENEID OS L IB.. I. " Nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem? " Quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem "Argivuim atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, 40 " Unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oilei? " Ipsa, Jovis rapidum jacul*ta e nubibus ignem, "Disjecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis; " Illum exspirantem transfixo pectore flammas -" Turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 4 Ast ego, quae divuim inceodo regina, Jovisque "Et soror et conjux, una cum &ente tot annos "Bella gero. Et quisquam nuiten Junonis adorat "Praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?" Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans 50 Nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris, Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat. Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis 55 38. Italia. See on Latio, 31. 45. Titrbine. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 40. Argivurnm. Referring only to the 873....Scopuloque infi.xit. Infigo may Locrians whom Ajax led against Troy.... govern either the dative or ablative. Cf. Ponto. The ablative only is found after V. 504 and IX. 746, "portaeque infigitur mergo and submergo, sometimes alone, and hasta." Gr. 224, R. 4. and 241, R. 5. H. sometimes with sub or in. Gr. 224, R. 4. 386,1. B. 830. B. 830. Cf. 584. VI. 342.. 46. Egqo. In strong contrast with Pallas.....Divum, for divorum....IRegina. Gr. 210, (a). H. 362, 2, 1). B. 666. Ajax." The anger of the goddess was, 62, 2, ). B. 666. confined to this individual.... O-i-lei. A 47. Aiznos. Gr. 236. H. 378. B. 950. trisyllable, genitive of the noun 0-I-leus, 48. Ado-rat praeterea = adorabit. and limiting fllius understood. Gr. 211, 49. Praeterea. "Hereafter."....A/.is. R. 7. H. 397, 1, (1). B. 775. See m. 319 and Gr. 224. H. 338. B. 826. But sometimes VI. 36. This Ajax violently dragged the imponere governs the ablative, as infigitur. prophetess Cassandra, daughter of Priam, See above, line 45. from the temple of Minerva, during the 50. Flammato-corde. Gr. 257. H. 430. sack of Troy, and on his return home, the B. 965. goddess, enraged at this violation of her 51. 7&oca. Gr. 204, R. 3. H. 363, 1. B. sanctuary, destroyed his fleet in a torm, 625.... Austris. Gr. 250, 2, (1). H. 419, off the coast of Euboea. Ajax himself III. B. 776. The south winds are here was killed by lightning and his body cast used for winds in general. used for winds in general. by the waves upon the rocks. 52. Aeoliam. Gr. 204. H. 363. B. 622. 42. Jovis ignem. Juno and Pallas.... Antro. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1 2). B. were allowed to hurl thunderbolts. 948. Limits premit. 44. Transfixo pectore. Gr. 242. H. 54. lpn2erio-vinclis-carcere. Gr. 247, 434, 1. B. 993. "Pierced" by the thunder- 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. bolt. 8 P. VIRGILII MAR ONIS Circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce, Sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras; Ni faciat, maria ac terras coelumque profundum Quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras. Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60 Hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos Imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo Et premere et laxas sciret dare-jussus habenas. Ad quem tum Juno supplex his vocibus usa est: "Aeole-namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex 65 "Et mulcere dedit fuinctus et tollere vento-, "Gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, "Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates: "Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, 56. Citcurn claustra. "About the larriers," i. e., the strongly secured doors, or places of egress, whence they were at times permitted to go.... Aice. "The summit" of the mountain. For constr., see antro, above, 52. 57. Sceptra. "A firm scepter." The plural for the singular, to amplify the idea. 58. Ni faciat-ferant-verrant. The present subjunctive is here used, instead of the imperfect, for greater animation. Gr. 261, 1, and R. 3. H. 504, 1. B. 1265. Translate "unless he do (this) they bear away" (i. e., will bear away), &c. Cf. II. 599 and VI. 293. 59. Quippe = certe. " Surely," or " assuredly." JUNO. 60. Spelatncis. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 66. Et mulcere dedit fluetus. "Has 2). B. 948. But compare lt. 553. given both to soothe " (the soothing), &c. 61. Iiolem et nmontes altos.= tolemr A poet. construction, borrowed from the, by hendiadys. Gr. Greek, for dedit potestatem mulcendi. Gr. 323, 2, (3). H. 704, H, 2. B. 1379, 2d.... 229, R. 5. H. 371, 5. B. 721. See also Gr. Inssuper. "Above them." 274, R. 7, (b). B. 1317.... Vento. Gr. 247, 62. Foedere certo. "By a fixed law." 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. Gr. 249, II. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 67. T!lrr'lhe'ulm aequtor. Gr. 232, (2). 63. Premere. Sc. eos.... Sciret. Gr. H. 371, 3. B. 716. 264, 5. H. 500. B. 1205 and 1212... Jussus; 69. Veltis. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818.... i. e., by Jupiter. Slubmersasque obrute putppes = sub64. His vocibus. Gr. 245. H. 419. I. B. merge et obrue puppes. Gr. 274, 3, (b). H. 880. 579. B. 1348. The idea is, sink the ships 65. Namque. "And (I have reason for and bury them beneath the waves so that coming to thee) for to thee the father," they can rise no more. Observe the dif&c. Elliptical like enim in 19 above. ference between the verbs. AENEIDOS LIB. I. 9 "Aut age diversos et disjice corpora ponto. i70 "Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore Nymphfte, " Quarum, quae forma puJcherrima Deiopea, "Connubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo, " Omnes ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos "Exigat et pulchra faciat to prole parentem." 75 Aeolus haec contra: "Tuus, o regina, quid optes "Explorare labor; mihi jussa capessere fas est. "Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Jovemque "Concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divfim, "Nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem." 80 Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus, ac venti, velut agmine facto, Qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. I-nubuere mari, totumto que e sedibus imis 70. Ponto. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). 367, 3. B. 639.... Ttuts erplorare labor. B. 948. "It is thy task to consider what thou 71. Miihi. Gr. 226. H. 387. B. 821.... wishest." Aeolus throws upon Juno all Corpore. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. B. 757. responsibility for the act he performs. 72. Quarum, quace, &c. Construe, 77. Capessere. Gr. 187, 5. H. 332,2, 2). Deiopeam, quae forma (est) pulcherrima B. 587. quarum, jungam (tibi) 8tail' connubio 78. Ta ihi. "Thou securest to me et dicabo prrpriam. Deiopea is by at- whatever of sovereignty this (is).".... traction in' the case of the relative quae, Regni. Gr. 2i2,/R. 3, N. i. H. 396, IIm. instead of being in' the accusative, the B. 771....Sceptra. See 57 above. regular construction. Gr. 206, (6), (b). H. 79. Epulis. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826.... 445, 9. B. 706. The relative quarum limits Accumbere. See on muleere, 66. pulcherrima. Gr. 212, R. 2. H. 396,111. 80. Potentem. Or. 213, R. 1, (3). H. B. 771. It will be seen that quarum 399,2,2), (3). B. 765. serves the double purpose of introducing 81. Dicta. Sc. erant.... Conversa the clause and of limiting pulcherrima. cuspide. Gr. 257. H. 431. B. 965. This twofold use of the relative, so com- 822 Inmptlit, &c. "He struck the holmon in Latin, is not allowed by the low mountain against its side," thus English idiom, which would require the opening the claustra....Agmine facto. connective and, and would render quarum " A marching array having been formed." liy a demonstrative, thus:-" AndDeiopea, Gr. 257. H. 431. B. 965. who in form is the fairest of these (earum, 83. Qua. " Where." When thus used, instead of quarum, the fairest of whom) regarded as an adverb, but strictly an abI will join," &c. Gr. 206, (17). H. 453. B. lative, for the government of which see Gr. 701... For.*a. Gr. 250, 1, H. 429. B. 889. 255. 2. H. 422.,B. 948..... Data. Sc. est. 73. Connubio. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B..... TurblsE Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 873. The word is scanned here as a tri- 84. Ineubuere mari. "They have syllable. pressed heavily upon the sea." Gr. 224. 75. Prole. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. H. 386, B. 826.... lot~im. Supply mare, Some explain by Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. the object of the transitive ruunt in the B. 757. following line, and observe the remark76. Hlaec. Sc. dlxit. Gr. 209, R. 4. H. able difference in the use of ruunt in the previous line. 10 P. VIR GILII IA R ONIS Una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85 Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus. Insequitur clamorque viruim stridorque rudentum. Eripiunt subito nubes coelumque diemque Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra; Intonuere poll, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 Praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra; Ingemit et duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, Talia voce refert: "0 terque quaterque beati, " Quis ante ora patrum Trojae sub moenibus altis 95 " Contigit oppetere! 0 Danaum fortissime gentis, "Tydide, mene Iliacis occumbere campis "Non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra, " Saevus ubi Aeacidae telo jacet Hector, ubi ingens " Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois co6rrepta sub undis 100 Que-que. See on 18....Proce/is. See note on 37. Translate "Why could I... 213, R. 5, (5). H. 419, I. B. 776. not have fallen." The infinitive with the 87. Virum. For virorum, the Trojans. accusative often stands thus unconnected 89. Ponto. See on mart, 84. in exclamations and interrogative expres90. Poli. "The heavens." Observe the sions of indignation or regret. It is quite amplifying force of the plural, " the heav- needless, as Anthon observes, to supply ens on all sides."'....Iynibus. Gr. 247,1, any supposed ellipsis.... Occutnbere. (2). H. 414, 2. B. 873. Sc. morti. See Gr. 224 and R. 5. H. 386. B. -L Viris. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826. 826. Consult also II. 62. Occumbere is 92.;i~i~~r_ Gr. 2 R. s, (1). H. 398, 5. generally followed by the acc. or abl. of B. 818.... F r. 248, H. H. 414,4. mors; in poetry, however, by, the dative. B. 873. Aeneas was influenced by the fear.... Campis. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). of perishing by shipwreck, a useless and B. 948. inglorious death, with loss of the rites of 98. Dextra. Gr. 247,3. H. 414,4. B. 873. sepulture. 94. Voce. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. Also, Gr. 323, 2. H. 704, II. B. 1379. 95. Quis. Gr. 136, R. 2. H. 187, 1. B. 245, N. For the case see Gr. 223, R. 2, N. (b), last part. H. 385. B. 881. 96. Contigit oppetere. Gr. 262, R. 3, N. 2. H. 556, I. With oppetere supply mortem. Translate in the following order:-beati (erant ili) quibus contigit appe- HECTOR. tere, &c..... Gentis. Gr. 212, R. 2. H. 396, m, 2, 3), (2). B. 771. 99. Saevus. "Terrible," or "valiant." 97. Tydide. Aeneas had engaged in....Aeacidae. Achilles, as the grandson single combat with Diomede, and was sav- of Aeacus... Telo. Gr. 248, II. H. 414, 4. ed from death only by the intervention of B. 873. Venus. See Homer's Iliad, V. 239-318. 100. Correpta sub undis. "Hurried....A fene occumbere non potuisse. away beneath its waves." AENEIDOS LIB. I ~ "Scuta vir1um galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?" Talia, jactanti stridens Aquilone procella Velum adversa ferit, fuctusque ad sidera tollit. Franguntur remi; tum proram avertit et undis Dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons. 105 Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens Terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus arenis. Tres Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquetSaxa vocant Itali, mediis quae in fluctibus, Aras; Dorsum immane mari summo-; tres Eurus ab alto 110 In brevia et Syrtes urget-miserabile visu-, Illiditque vadis atque aggere cingit arenae. IUnam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten, Ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus In puppim ferit: excutitur:pronusqie magister 115 Volvi-tur in caput; ast illamin ter fluctus ibidem Torquet agens circum et ripidus vorat aequore vertex. 102. Jactanti. Supply il. The dative 107. Aeais, See on cmvle, 10. is here used more freely than suae, to 108 lI.bes. sc. nae*-...A.ept/as torlimit ferit, or the proposition proeila ve-.e —: absl~.ta t. See on 69. 1urm advteresfert, as the remoter object 109. am'ee nqW, *&. The order is, whose interest s affeted. Gr. 223, N. t. ga,. (0a0e) Ita olat Lras, que (aunt) 388. B. 818. Literally, "To him uttefig in mcdtis,lUtcUas. The reference is to with emotion (jact )such words, blast, two small, rocky isets, called - Aegimuri, roaring with the north wind, opi e thirty mieh, oft (rthWage. the course of the ship: (adtara); e 110. aMari. (rh M. H. 8 4 1, 2). the sail." The student shoId trt B. 8, into more idiomatic ng^ish......A 111. - M/searabi/e. Gr.5,, R. 8. H. 488, tone. Gr. 27, 1. H. 414, 2.1,. 84. 3S.. 1660.... 8aBsu. Gr..*6, Im. H. 570. B. 104. Avertit. Supply e,, refernng to 1865. pr, This smi-personificion of the 112. IUf badis. Gr. 224, H. 386. B. 826. blast, in the poet'.s fancy, will be oticed. "Dashes them into the shallows." Vada Sent vehement and-howlingby the north have- les depith than brevia.... A rggee. wind, it strikes the sail, raises the waves, Gr. 247,,8..:414, 4. B. 878. breaks, indirectly, the oars, pitileesly tums 118.. These, with their leader aside the prow, and exposes (lit., gives) Orontes, were not from Lycia proper, but the side to the:bll6ws, that are equally in were colonits from that province, settled league for the destruction of the fleet. about Zelea, in the Troas.... h'onten. This reading of Jahn and Ladewig is far Gr. 8U, IV. H. 93, 3. B. 128. more expressive than prora avertit (ese), 114. Ipsius. Sc. Aenae..-..A vertice= found In some editions. desuper, "from above." 105. (umulo. "In a mass." Gr. 247, 2. 116. In caput. An adverbial expres1H. 414, 3. B. 876. sion, —" headlong.".... Ast illam. "But 106. Hi-his. In contrast, referring to it," i.e., the ship, in contrast with the the crews of different vessels. Translate, helmsman. "Tlose (in one ship)-to those (in an- 117. 1'orquet agens circum. Transother)." is limits aperit. Why not hi- late, "but it the surge (.Ructus) forcing Ulls instead of hi —his 12 P. VIR G ILII bAR O NIS Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto, Arma virum tabulaeque et Troia gaza per undas. Jam validam Ilionei navem, jam fortis Achatae, 120 Et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, Vicit hiems: laxis laterum compagibus omnes Accipiumt inimicum imbrem rimisque fatiscunt. Interea magno misceri murmure pontum, Emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus et imis 125 Stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus; et alto Prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda. Disjectam Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, Fluctibus oppressos Troas coelique ruina; Nec latuere doli fratrem Junonis et irae. 130 Eurum ad se Zephyrumque. vocat, dehinc talia fatur: "Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri? around (agens circum) turns thrice," &c. 123. Rimis.- Qr. 247,2. H. 414, 3. B. 876. Agens circum serves to show how the 124. Misceri ponturn. Gr. 272. H. action of torquet is performed....Ae- 551, I. B. 1135.... Mfurnure. Gr. 247, 2. qtwore. "In the sea." Gr. 254, R. 3. H. H. 414, 3. B. 876. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 125-6. JEmissam-refusa. Supplyesse 119. Arma. As the most conspicuous, with each. Gr. 270, R. 3. H. 545, 3. perhaps, shields, made of skins stretched 126. Vadis. G(r. 255, R. 3 (b). H..422, 2. over frames of wood, and capable of B. 948. Cf. esedibus imis, 84....Alto. A floating. dative limiting progpiden, and poetical 121. Et quza tectus; i. e., et (eam) qua for in altum, "looking forth upon the vectus (est). For the case of qua see Gr. deep." For something similar, see Gr. 247, 3. 1. 414, 4. B. 877. 225, IV. R. 2. H. 379, 5.. B. 837. 127. Sumnma. Gr. 205, R. 17. H. 441, 6. B. 662...-. Unda. Gr. 242. H. 434, 1. B, 993. 128. Aequore. Gr. 254, R. 2, (b). H. 422, 1, 1). B. 937, 3. 129. MFuctibus-ruina. Gr. 248. H. 414, 4. B. 873.... Coeli.unina. Lit., "the downfall of the sky." 132, Tantane, &c. "Has such confidence in your own race got possession of you?"-i. e.,.are you possessed of so ex.alted an opinion of your own character and power that you forget your condition of vassalage and dare to act on your own authority? Some understand generis to refer to the origin of the winds, the principal ones being, according to Hesiod, the offspring of Astraeus, one of the TiPTr:. * tans who warred against Jupiter and was hurled with the rest to Tartarus. The 122. Compagibus. Gr. 257, R. 7. H. 430. idea then is, ".Do you thus presume upon B. 972. your origin?" AENEID OS LIB. I. 13 "Jam coelum terramque meo sine numine, Venti, " Miscere et tantas audetis tollere moles? " Quos ego —! Sed motos praestat componere fiuctus. 135 "Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. "Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro: "Non illi imperium pelagi sae'vumque tridentem, "Sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille.immania saxa, " Vestras, Eure, domos; illa se jactet in atila 140 "Aeolus, et clauso ventorum carcere regnet." Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat, Collectasque fugat nubes solemque reducit. Cymothoe simul et Triton annixus acuto Detrudunt naves scopulo; levat ipse tridenti, 145 Et vastas aperit Syrtes, et temperat aequor, Atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas. Ac veluti magno in populo quum saepe coorta est Seditio, saevitque animis ignobile vulgus, Jamque faces et saxa volant —furor arma ministra —; 150 Tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere, silent arrectisque auribus adstant; 135. QU08 ego.' "Whom I"-" will se- 141. Clauso earcere. Gr. 257. L 481. verely chastise "-he woulqc perhaps have B. 965. A free translation would be, "Let said, had not the thought of the instant him bar the prison of his winds and then necessity of calming the waves caused him "'reign absolute." Clauso is emphatic. This to break off the sentence in the midst. interpretation of Henry is preferred. For this figure of Rhetoric, Aposiopesis, 142. Dioto. (Gr. 256, R. 9. H. 417, 6. B. see Gr. 324, 33. H. 704, I, 3. B. 1878, 3d. 902. Nothing need be supplied in translation. 144. Annizcus = annixi, referring to 136. Mihi-luetis. Gr. 223. I. 384, IL both Cynmothoe and Triton. Gr. 205, Exc. B. 818.... Poena. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. to R. 2. H. 439. B. 656. B. 873. 145. Scopulo. Gr. 242. H. 434,1. B 993. 138. Imperium - tridentem-datum..... Ipse. Neptune.....Tridenti. Gor. Gr. 272 and R. 3. H. 551, I. B. 1134. Sc. 247, R. 5. H. 414, 4. B. 873. esse. See on emissam, 125. 147. Rotis.1evibus. Gr. 247,3. IL 414, 139. Sorte. Gr. 248, Jl. H. 414, 4. B. 873* 4. B. 873. After the dethronement of' Saturn his kingdom was divided by lot between Ju- 148. Saepe = quod pe accidit, "as piter, Neptune and Pluto. Jupiter -re- often happens." ceived heaven, Neptune the water, and 149. Animis. (Gr. H. 429. B. 889. Pluto the regions under the earth. 150. Furor arma sninistrat. Be140. Vestras. The use of this word, cause no citizen was allowed to carry arms instead of tuas, shows that all the winds within the walls of Rome. The poethas are addressed, although Eurus alone is in mind a Roman mob. mentioned by name. Translate so as to 151. Pietate-meritis. Gr. 247, 1, (1). show this. H. 414, 2. B. 873. 14 P. VIR G IL II MAR O NIS Ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet: Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam Prospiciens genitor, coeloque invectus aperto, 155 Flectit equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo. Defessi A'eneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu Contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras. Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum Efficit objectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 Frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur In coelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late Aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scena coruscis Desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra. 165 Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum; Intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo, Nympharum domus. Hiic fessas non vincula naves 152. Auribus. Gr. 47, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 164. Turn silvis, &c. "Moreover, 83....Adstant. "They stand riveted." above a scene of flashing woods and a Observe the force of ad. grove dark with bristling shade hang 153. Dietis. Gr. 247,3. H. 414,4. B. 873. threatening over." Representations of 155. Coelo aperto. Gr. 255, 2.H. H. 422. sylvan scenes were common upon the B. 948. stage of the Roman theatre. The general 156. Curru. Old contracted form of the shape of the haven, together with its perdative, for crrui. Gr. 89, 3. H. 16,4, 3). pendicular walls of rock on the sides and B. 139. rear, suggests to the poet's mind the idea of a theatre, and leads to the use of the B15. Aene.adae. Gr. 100, 1, (3). H. 816, theatrical term scena, referring to the line l. B..547.... Quae-itora. Or. 906, ( o), of woods uPon the bights. Imagine this (3). 1. 445, 9. B. 687. Supply sunt and translate in the order, oB. 687 ppl unt) wall of dark foliage agitated by the wind tran slate i the order, 4tor,2. H. 414 nt and penetrated by glimpses of sunlight. rv s....erk. r.4,. H.414,3. The nemus must be understood to refer to B. 873. They'strive to seek by a rapid 60some mass of trees distinct, in a degree, sail," = speedily. See Livy, 9, 13. from the general wall of foliage. This ex160. Objeetu. -Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. planation of the exceedingly perplexing 878.... Quibius. Gr. 248. H. 414, 4. B. 873. passage seems the most obvious and natuTranslate in the order, omnie unda (veni- ral.... Silvis. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. B. ens) ab alto, &c. 757. 161. In sinus reductos. "Into the 165. Desuper = supra.... Umbra. deep windings (of the bay)." The waves, Gr 247, 1. H. 414,2. B. 873. according to this interpretation, enter the haven, but, their force being broken by 166. Adversa. "Opposite" to one enthe island, they are harmless. Heyne, tering the haven; i.e., in its innermost Ladewig, and others, render, the expres- part.....Scopulis pendentibus. Gr. sion "into receding curves," i. e., of the 211, R. 6. H. 428. B. 757. wave itself. 167. Vivo saxo. " Of living rock," i. e., 162. Hine atque hine, i. e., on either natural, not formed by art, as sedilia ususide.... Gemini. "Two similar." ally are. For the case, see on 166. AENEIDOS L IB. I. 15 Ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu. Hue septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni 170 Ex numero subit, ac magno telluris amore Egressi optata potiuntur Troes arena, Et sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt. Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates, Suscepitque ignem foliis, atque.arida circum 175 Nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam. Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma Expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit et omnem 180 Prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem Jactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremes, Aut Capyn, au4 celsis in puppibus arma Caici. Navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos Prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 A tergo, et longum per valles pascitur agmen. Constitit hic, arcumque mann celeresque sagittas 169. 2fMorsu. Gr. 247, 3, R. 5. H. 414,4. 126 above.....Petit. "Takes in,"-lit., B. 873. " seeks.".... S quem. Agrees with An170. Septem. The number was origin- thea, "any one (as) Antheus;" i. e., any ally twenty. See below, 381. ship like that of Antheus. Some clause is 171. Subit. Why is sub in composition understood before si; e. g., ut se certiorem peculiarly appropriate here?.... Anore. faciat, "(to ascertain) whether he can Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. see." 172. Arena. Gr. 245. H. 419, I. B. 880. 182. Phlrygias = Trjanas, as Troy 173. Sale. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873. was included in what was called Phrygia 174. Silice. Gr. 224, R. 2. H. 386, 2. B. Minor, or Hellespontine Phrygia, inhabit829. ed originally;by true Phrygians, who were 175. Foliis. Gr. 247,3. H. 414,4. B. 873. driven out by the Tecri and other tribes. 176. RapuLt. "Quickly kindled,"- The name thus remained after the people lit., "seized."....PoFmite. "Fuel." had disappeared. 177. Undis. Gr. 248. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 183. Arma. Probablythe shields, c..... Cerealia arma. "The implements of the men were customarily fastened upon of Ceres;" i. e., the utensils necessary for the stern; the shield of the commander converting the grain into bread. being cdhspicuous in position and charac173. Fessi rerum. " Weary with their ter hardships," Gr. 213, R. 2. H. 399, 3,4). B. 6...Reep tas;i. e,; f1om the ea. 84. Litore. Gr. 254, R. 3 H. 422,1, 2). 179. morrere. "fTo parch," to render it more easy for grinding, which is the 185.'ota armenta. Lit., "whole next process (frangere saxo). herds," but meaning simply a large num181. Pelago. Dative afar the verbal ber, and not several distinct herds. nounmprospectum, for inpelagus. Gr. 222, 187. Manu. Gr: 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. R. 8. H. 392, I. B. 870. See also note on 873. Also, Gr. 323, 2. H. 704, II. B. 1370. 16 P. VIR G IL II MAR O NIS Corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates, Ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes Cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem 190 Miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; Nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora fundat humi et numerum cum navibus aequet. Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes. Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195 Litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros; Dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet: "0 socii,-neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum-, "0 O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. " Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200 " Accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopia saxa 188. Achates accompanied Aeneas as western Sicily, that Acestes, who had enarmor-bearer. 190. Cornibus. Limits alta. Gr. 247, L. H. 414, 2. B. 873.....Turn zulgfus, &c. Construe, tum vulgus (sternit), et omnemsi turbam miscet, agens tells inter frondea nemora. He first prostrates the leaders, then some of the common herd. 191. Miscet agens. "He throws into confusion as he drives them with his darts," &c. Te/ls limits agene. 192. Victor. Gr. 129, 8. 193. Fundat-aequet. Why the subjunctive rather than the indicative here? Gr. 263, 3. H. 523, 1. 1. B. 1241 & 1243, Obs. 3..... umi.:Gr. 221, R. 3. H. 422, 2. B. 944. W J. 194. Ritnc. Refers to time. tertained the Trojans during the winter 195.'Vina bonus, &c. The order is, just passed, had still further displayed his Deinde vina quae bons Acestes onerarat generosity by furnishing them with supcadis hlnacrio tore et (quae) heros dede- plies for their new journey. rat (Wis8) abeuntibus, dividit. For the position of delude, comp. 1m. 609..... Quae 198. Neque enimt, &c. "And (I would cacldis onerarat. The common prose encourage you) for we are not," &c. See construction would be quibus cados one- enim in vocabulary, and cf. on 19....Ante rarat (with which he hadloaded the casks). malorum = praeteritorurnm malorum. Gr. Gr. 249. H. 419, 2,1. B. 911. See below, 205, R. 11. (b). H. 583, 2. B. 997. 363. Cadis is dative by a rule similar to Gr. 249, R. 3. H. 384, II. 1. B. 859. have suffered heavier calamities." Lit., 196. IEitore Trinacrio. Gr. 254, R. 3. O (ye) having suffered heavier (calamities). H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. It was at the beginning of their present voyage, when they 201. Accestis, for accessists. Gr. 162, set sail from the port of Drepanum, in 7, (c). H. 234, 3. B. 320. AENEID OS LIB. I. 17 "Experti. Re.ocate animos, maestumque timorem " Mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit. "Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum " Tendimus in Latium, sedes ubi fata quietas 205 " Ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Trojae. "Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis." Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger Spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. Illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris: 210 Tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant; Pars in frusta secant veribsque trementia figunt; Litore aena locant alii flammasque ministrant. Tumrn victurevocant vires, fusique per herbam Implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae. 215 Postquam exempta fames epulis, mensaeque remotae, Amissos longo socios sermone requirunt, Spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, 202. Experti. Sc. etis. The-perilous adventures here alluded to are fully described in the third book. 203. Et = etiam.....H[aec refers to their present sufferings. 205. Tendimus. Sc. cursum, often omitted with this verb..... ata. The fates have been revealed to the Trojans by oracles, visions, prophecies, &c., as related in the second and third books. 206. Fas (est). "It is permitted.".208. Voce. See on id. 94..... Curis. Gr. 247,1, (1). H. 414, 2. B. 873. 209. Vultu. Gr. 247, 3 H. 414,4. B. 873..... Corde. Gr. 254, 1]. 3. H. 422, 1. B. 948. 211. Costis. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2, 2). B. D OF BACOHUS. 916. R2. Patrs-secant (vtcea). Gkr. 209, r. 259,. 1, (2), (d). B. 1094..... Epuli R. 11. H. 461, 1. B. 648, 2.....Vet-i.bus. As victu, 214.....M7ensae remotae is Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. They pierce not appropriate to this occasion, but is with spits. the general phrase for concluding a meal. 213. Litore. Gr. 254,]E.3H. 2, i, 2). derived from the Roman practice of reB. 948. moving the mensae.-Conington. 214. Victu. Gr. 247,3, H. 414,4. B. 873. 217. Sermone. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B..... Fusi. " Stretched." 873. 215. Bacchi-ferinae. A Greek con- 218. Seu-sive. Poetic for utrum-an. struction. Gr. 220, 3. t. 410,7, 2). B. 915......Vivere. Sc.illos....Credant. Gr. 216. Exempta (est) - remotae (snmt). 265. H. 525. B. 1182. 18 P. VIR GILII MIAR ONIJS Sive extrema pati nec jam exaudire vocatos. Praecipue pius Aeneas nune acris Oronti, 220 Nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum Fata Lyci, forternque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum. Et jam finis erat, quum Jupiter, aethere summo Despiciens mare velivolum terrasque jacentes Litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice coeli 225 Constitit et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. Atque illum,4ales jactantem pectore curas, Tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes Alloquitur Venus: "0 qui res hominumque deftmque "Aeternis regis imperiis et fulmine.terres, 230 " Quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, "Quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis, "Cunctus ob Italiam. terrarum clauditur orbis? "Certe hinc Romanos olim, volventibus annis, 219. Extrema pati. "That they are 444, 1. B. 90...... acrimis. Gr. 249, 1. now suffering their final (lot);" i.e., are H. 419, m. B. 907... Oculos. Gr. 234, II. dead.... Vocatos. "When called." Prob- and R. 2. H. 380 and 1. B. 728. A very comably an allusion to the Roman custom of mon construction in poetry. calling the name of the deceased three 229. O qui. "O thou who," &c....Res times, and thrice uttering the word vale, is the object of both regis and terres. at the close of funeral obsequies. 230. Imperiis-fulmine. Gr. 247, 3. 220. Oronti. Gr. 86. H. 69, Ex. B. 125. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 221. Secum. Construe with gemit. 231. jQuid tantum. "What so great Why secum? See 209. (offense)." Supply potuit with Aeneas and 223. Finis; i. e., of their conversation. translate in, " against.".... 4ethere. Poetical for ex aethere, 232..rs. Dat. after clauditur. Gr. and not governed by the preposition in 223. H. 384. B. 818. despi/ens. Z. 481. See also Gr. 255, R. 3, 233. Ob Italiaam. "On account of (a) & (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948. Italy;" i. e., to prevent their reaching It224. Jacentes. "Spread out." aly, founding the Roman Empire, and 225. Sic. "Thus;" i.e., in this posi- overthrowing the city of Carthage..... tion, his eyes fixed upon the earth..... Clauditur. The regular prose construcVertice. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1. B. 948. tion would require the subjumctive clauda226. Regnis. Dat. or abl. Defigere is tur. Gr. 264, 1, (a). H. 500. B. 1218. The fflobwed by the abl. with in, or without indicative more vividly-expresses the cany preposition, or by the dative. Virgil tual fact rather than'the conceived'eemploys all three constructions. suit. 227. Pectore. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1. 234. Cpnstrue, Pollicitus hine Romanoa B.948.....les-curas. "Such cares;" (fore= ituros esse), &c., hiune ductoresfore i. e., such as naturally arose in the mind a, &c., quae sententia, &c. Having made of Jove as he gazed upon Libya, saw the such a promise, why hast thou changed forlorn condition of the Trojans, and per- thy purpose?.... linc; i. e., from the ceived the necessity of his special aid. Trojans....Olim. "Hereafter.".... Vol228. ristitor; i.e., quamsolita. "With ventibus (se) annis. Gr. 257. H. 430. unwonted sadness." Gr. 256. R. 9, (a). H. B. 965. AENEIDOS LIB. I. 19 "Hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235 "Qui mare, qui terraj omni dicionel tenerent, "Pollicitus, quae te, genitor, sententia vertit? "' Hoc equidem occasum Trojae tristesque ruinas "Solabarrfatis contraria fata rependens; "Nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240 " Insequitur. Quem das finem, rex magne, laborum? " Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achinvs, " Illyricos penetrae si-Rus atque intima tutus " Regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi, " Unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis 245 -L It mare proruptum et pelago preniit arva sonanti. "Hic tamen ille urbem Patayi sedesque locavit " Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit "' Troia, nunc placida compostus paee quiescit; " Nos, tua progenies, coeli quibus annuis arcem,. 250 "Navibus —infandum!-amissis, unius ob iram "Prodimur atque Italis longe disjungimur oris. 236. Omni dicione. Gr. 247,2. IH. 414, 246. It mare proruptum. "It goes 3. B. 873.....Tenerent. Gr. 264, 5H.H, 00. forth a rushing sea." B. 1205. 247. Hic. " Here " i. e., in this region. 237. Pollicitus. A participle and not....Patavi Gr. 204, R. 6. H. 396, V. B. for polltictus es. The regular construction 63 A1O, Gr. 52. H. 45,, ). B. 64. would require this word to agree in case with te. An example of Anacoluthon, for 248. Nomen. Veneti, a corruption of which see Gr. 323, 3, (5). H. 704, m. 4. B. Heneti, the name of a people of Paphago1380, 6th.....Quae-sententia. "What nia, a large number of whom followed An(new) purpose." tenor.....Arma fixit. This indicates 238. ~Hoc. Sc. bpromsso. Gr. 247, 3. H. his attainment of peace and rest. It was 3414 4-Moe. B Se. promi 873Gr. 247, ILcustomary for soldiers, when freed from 414, 4. B. 873.. military service for life, to consecrate their 239. Fatis. Gr. 252. H. 416. B. 884. " Off- arms to some patron deity and suspend setting adverse fates with (other more pro- them in his temple. pitious) fates." Supply meioribu with fatis. 249. Compostus. "Laid at rest," re242. Achivis. r. 242. H. 434, 1. B. 99. ferring probably to his peaceful death. On the form see Gr. 322, 4. H. 703, 2. B. 15, 244. Suepe~rare. "LTo pass beyond," 5th....JPace. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873..... Timavi. The modern Timao, which suddenly issues from cavernous rocks, and 250. Nos. As the mother of Aeneas she after a course of only one mile, enters the includes herself with the Trojans.... AnAdriatic. The number of distinct sources nuis. Jupiter had promised to receive (ora) is now less than nine. The foun- Aeneas into heaven. tain-head of the river being so near the 251. Navibus. Or. 257. IH. 430. B. 965. coast, and being so peculiar, the poet rep-....IJnfandum. Gr. 238, 2. H. 381. B. resents Antenor as passing by that, al- 725....Unius; i. e., of Juno. though he merely sailed by the mouth. 252. -Oris. Or. 251. H. 425, 2. B. 916. 20 P. VIR GIL II MIAR ONIS Hic pietatis honos N Sic nos in sceptra reponis?" Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum Vultu, quo coelum tempestatesque serenat, 255 Oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur: " Pace metu, Cytherea.; manent immota tuorum " Fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini "Moenia, sublimeioque feres ad sidera coeli " Magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit. 260 "Hic-tibi fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, " Longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo- - *" Bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces " Contundet, moresquesviris et moenia ponet, " Tertl-aum Latio*regnantem viderit aestas, 265 " Ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. " At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo N. (a). H. 389. B. 838......Lavini = Laini~. See on Patavi, 247. 259. Ad sidera. Aeneas was afterward worshipped by the Romans as Jupiter Indiges. /-'f~ 261. fric; i.e., Aeneas..... Quando. "Since." 262. Longius et volvens. "And unD rolling farther," —a metaphor from the unrolling of a book. 263. Italia = in Italia. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 947. 264. Mores lges.... Viris. Gr. 223.. H. 384, II. B. 818. 265i. Zatio = in Latio, as Italia, 2963.... YRegnantem; i. e., continuing his reign. 1..... iderit. Indic. Gr. 263, 4, (i). H. ~Jvra Plt522, I. B. 1237-8. 266. Terna. Gr. 120, 4. H. 174, 3. B. 254. 01Oi. Old form for M1. Gr. 134, 209, 2d....utulis subactis. Gr. 257. R. 1. H. 186, 3, 1). B. 239, N. For its case H. 430. B. 965. Some, however, regard see Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. this as a dative, limiting transierint. The simple thought is, he shall reign three 255. sultu. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. years after the Rutuli shall have been con-....Quo. Gr. 241, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873.... quered, or after he shall have established Tempestates. "The weather." himself in Italy...'..fiberna (sc. tem257. Metu. Old form of dative for - pora) = hIees. tuM. For the case see Gr. 228, R. 2. H. 385. 267. Iulo. Dative by attraction to cui. B. 833, 2....Manent, &c. "The desti- Gr. 204, R. 8. H. 387, 1. B. 632..... ulonies of thy people remain unmoved for Ilus. The Julian family at Rome, to thee."....Tuorum. Gr. 205, R. 7, (1). H. whom the Caesars belonged, traced their 441g1. B. 658. origin to Ascanius. The.poets, out of 258. Tibi. An ethical dative. Gr. 228, compliment, devised this purely fanciful AENEIDOS LIB. I. 21 "Additur, —Ilus erat3.dum res stetit Ilia regno-, "Triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes "Imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 270 " Transferet, et Longam multa vi muniet Albam. "Hic jam ter centum totos regnabitur annos "Gente sub Hectorea, donece-regina sacerdos "Marte grayis geminamn partu dabit Ilia prolem. "Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 "Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet "Moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. "His ego nec metas rerumn-nec tempora pono: "Imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Juno, "Quae mare nunc terrasque-metu coelumque fatigat, 280 " Consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit "Romanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam. i-Sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas, etymological evidence, asserting that be- H. 414, 3. B. 873. The reference is of fore the capture of Troy Ascanius was course to the well-kno'wn legend of Romucalled Ilus, after the ancient Trojan king lus and Remus. of that name, that this afterwards became 275. 1Tegmine. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. Iulus, and that hence came the form Iugkus, 873. As Romulus and Remus were in their or Juhlus. infancy nursed by. a wolf, until found by 268. Dum-regno. "While the Trojan the shepherd Faustulus, so the poet supstate remained in its sovereignty.".... poses the former.to have worn a wolf skin Regno. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. in token of grateful and joyous recollec269. Volvendis mensibus. " Of re- tion of the care of his nurse. volving months." Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. 276. Excipiet gentem; i..e., shall sucB. 757..... Volvendis = volventibus. Gr. ceed to the rule.....lMavortia moenia. 274, R. 9. The line is poetical for simply So called in allusion to Mavors, or Mars, triginta annos. the father of Romulus," and to the warlike 270. Imperio. Gr. 249, 1. H. 419, 2. B. character of Rome. 911 L....Lavini. See line 258, above. 277. Dicet. "Shall call (its people)." 271. Transferet; i. e., in the course of 278. -Metas-tempora. The former rethe thirty years....Muniet = exstruet et fers to territorial bounds, the latter to dumunie$.... Multa vi. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, ration....Rerumn. "Power." 3. B. 873., 280. Mlfetu; i. e., the jealous fear she 272. Mic; i. e., at Alba..... egnabi- feels for Carthage. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. tur. Impers. verb; -lit., "It shall be B. 873.....Fatigat. "Wearies." ruled,"- more freely, "Kingly power 281. In enelius.'For the better." shall be exercised."....Annos. Gr. 236 Gr. 235, R. 7. H. 378. B. 950. 2H. 378. DoneeB. 950&c. Consruedone 8 282. Berurm. "Of the world."....2To2$8. Doenec, &c. Construe, doMnec sacer- gatam. The toga was a garment peculiar dos,c regina, Ilia, gravis Marte,,c...... to the Romans. (See cut on next page.) Regina. Gr. 204. H. 363. B. 622. 283. Sic placitum (est mihi)....Lus274. Marte = e Marte.....Partu da-' tris = annis. Gr. 257. H. 431. B. 9%6. bit = edet, or pariet. Partu. Gr. 247, 2. Freely, "In the lapse of years." 22 P. VIR GILII JIA AR ONIS " Quum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas "Servitio premet ac victis dominabitur Argis. 285 "Nascetur pulchra Trojanus origine Caesar, "Imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, /4 "Julius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo. " Hunc tu olim coelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, "Accipies.secura; vocabitur lic quoque votis. 290 "Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis; "Cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus, "Jura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis " Claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus, "Saeva sedens super arma, et centum vinctus aenis 295 subjunctive here? Gr. 264, 5. H. 500. B. 1205. What were the limits of the Roman Empire under Augustus? W28. Julius. "(Called also) Julius." Alugustus was the adopted son of his uncle, Julius Caesar, from whom he obtained the name of Julius, and the right to the epithet Trojanus,-Iulus, or Ascanius, being regarded as the founder of the Julian family. See note on 267, above. 289. Coelo. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948....S. poliis. Gr. 213, R. 5, (4). H. 419, Im. B. 777, d. 290. Secura. "Free from anxiety.".... ice quoque. He also shall be dei. fled, as well as Aeneas.... Votis. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 8T=AT OFr AUGUSTUS. 291. Positis bellis. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. 284. Domus Assaraci. "The race of Assaracs;" i.e., the Romans, as de- 292. Cana. "Hoary;" i.e., ancient, scended through Aeneas from his ancestor such as belonged to the virtuous early Assaracus. days of Rome.....Remo ourn fratre 285. Servitio. Gr. 247, 2. H 4, 3. B. Quirinus. These words indicate in a 8 g.... Args. Gr. 254. H. 421, B.- 933. general way the cessation of civil war and Jupiter here foretells the St of the return of brotherly harmony. Greece by the Romans. Pht cenae, 293. Fertro et comtpagibus artis = and Argos represent Greece' general, compagibus artisferri. For the hendiadys and; ate mentibned here with pectliar fit- see on 61. The expression limits dirae, ness, as from these three places, respect- with which it may- be rendered-" grim ively, came the three Grecian leaders, with their closely welded (artis) joints of Achiles, Agamemnon, and Diomede. Why iron." Gr. 247,1. H. 414,2. B. 873. must this intelligence have been pleasing 294. Portae. The gates of the Temple to Venus? I of Janus were gpen during war, and closed 286. Origine. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428, B. in peace. They were first closed during 7557.... Caesar; i. e., Augustus. the reign of Numa, next after the first 287. Oceano - astris. Gr. 247, 3. H. Punic war, and the third time under Au414, 4. B. 873.....,Terminet. Why the gustus. AENEIDOS LIB. I. 23 " Post tergum nodisj fremet horridus ore cruento." Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, Ut terrae, utque novae pateant Carthaginis arces Hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido Finibuk arceret. Volat ille per aera magnum 300 Remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. Et jam jussa facit, ponuntqne ferocia Poeni Corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. At plius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, 305 Ut primum. lux alma data est, exire locosque Explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras, Qui teneant-nam inculta videt-, hominesne feraene, Quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre. Classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata 310 Arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus unibris Occulit; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate, ~z_~ A ~~,,xs300. Finibus. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2, 2). B. 916.....Arcerete. Notice the connection oftenses, demittit-pateant-arceret. Gr. 258, R 1. (a). H. 481, IV. B. 1167. UT pateant expresses the immediate object of L% J _ _ A; sending Mercury, while ne arceret indiSs * 19 I I I c cates the inner purpose.' 301. Remigio. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873...Adstitit. "leastakenhisstand.",5>z $ u ";4 1' z } Note the rapidity of movement here indicated by the perfect.....Oris = In orls. Gr. 254, R., R. H. 422,1, 2). B. 948. But adstare also takes the dative. TEMPLE OF JANUS. 303. Deo ivolente. "At the will of the god;" i. e., Mercury. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. 296. Ore cruento. Gr. 247i 2. H. 414, 304. Accipit in Teucros. "E nter3. B. 873. This personification of Fury, as tains towards the Trojans." bound in the temple, and her " occupation 305. Voivenl s = qui volvebat. gone," is probably a mere poetic fancy, although it may be an allusion to a paint- 306. Exire, &c. The four inlinitives ing of Apelles. - depend on constituit. Construe, constituit 297. iM iaa gegnitum. "The son of sexire-explorare —uaerere (quas oras accesMaia;" i. e., Mercury. Lit., "The one serit, qui teneant, &c.) —referre. The subsprung.from rMa ua." Gr. t246. H.",T, e junctive clauses depend on quaerere. Or. B. 918. 299. Hospitio. Gr. 247,2. H. 414,3. B. 308. Inculta. "A desert." Gr. 205, R. 873...... escia fati; i.e., not knowing 7, (2). H. 441, 2. B. 658. that their destiny was Italy, and that she 312. Comitatus. Used passively. Gr. had no reason to fear they would seek to 162,17. H. 221, 2. B. 306.... Achate. Gr. remain in her territory. 248. R1 3. H. 414, 5. B. 879. 24 P. VIR G ILII MA R 0NIS, Bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, Virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, 315 Spartanae, vel qualis equos Threissa fatigat Harpalyce volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum: Namque humeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum Venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis, Nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentes. 320 Ac prior, "Heus," inquit ", juvenes, monstrate, mearum "Vidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum, "Succinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis, "AUit spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem." Sic Venus; et Veneris contra sic filius orsus: 325' "Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum, " O-quam te memorem, virgo? namque haud tibi vultus - "Mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat. 0 dea certe; " An Phoebi soror? an Nympharum sanguinis una? 313. BJtna duo. See on terna, 266. 663. Also, Gr. 120, 1. H. page 54, bottom..... Manu. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. B. 208.... onstrate - vidistis si. "If....Lato ferro. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. you have seen- point out to me where B. 757. she is;"-lit., " show (her)." 314. Cui. Limits obvia. "Meeting 322. Vidistis. Gr. 259, N.H. 474, 1, 3). whom." Gr. 222, R. 1, (b). H. 391. B. 860. B. 1263.....'Quam = aliquam. Construe,.... Silva. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. si vidistis aliquam mearum srorum, &c. 948. 323. Pharetra - tegmine. Gr. 249. H. 316. Vel qualis, &c. " Or (such) as 419, 2, 1). B. 913. Thracian Harpalyce (is when she) tires," 324. Aut. Gr. 198, 2, R. (a).....Ca&c. Supply talis as the antecedent of more; i.e., canumn. Gr. 247,2. H. 414,3. qualis, and also supply est quum with B. 873. Har-palyce. A similar ellipsis in compari- 325. Orsus (est). "Began (in reply)." sons like this is very common. Cf. on 4930. 326. Audita (est). In reference to c/amore....2fihi. Gr. 225, H. H. 388, 4. B. 317. Puga. Gr. 250. H. 4.29. B. 889. 844. 318. Ilumneris = ab hzmeri, or per- 327. Quam te (esse) memorem. "Who haps a dative by Gr. 224. IH. 386. B. 82~6. can I say thou art?" Gr. 260, R. 5. H. 486, 319. Dederatque cornam diffun- II. B. 1180.... 1Tibi vultus (est). Gr. 226. dere ventis. "And had -given to the H. 387. B. 821. winds to diffuse her hair." A Greek idi- 328. omirre sonat. "Sounds huom for dederatque comam r-ddiudendnam man;" -lit., "sounds a human being." ventis. Gr. 274, R. 7, (b). H. 553, V. and Gr. 232, (2). H. 371, 3. B. 716..... Certe. 565, 3, 2). B. 1315 & 1317. See also on 66. See on late, 21. 320. Genu - sinus. Gr. 234, H11. H. 32. 380 An. r. 198,, R. (d). H. 346, II. and. B. 728.... N odo. Gr. 247,2. H. 414, 2,4). B. 1108.... Phoebi soror; i.e., Di3. B. 873. ana.... Sanguinis. Gr. 212, R. 2. H. 396, 321. Prior. Gr. 205, R. 15. H. 443. B. 2, 3). B. 771. AENEID OS LIB. I. 25 "Sis felix, nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, 330 "Et, quo sub coelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris "Jactemur, doceas: ignari hominumque locorumque " Erramus, vento hue et vastis fiuctibus acti: " Multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra." Tum Venus: " Haud equidem tali me dignor honore; 335 " Virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram, "Purpureoque alte suras vincire tothurno.. "Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem; " Sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello. "Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, 340 "Germanum fugiens. Longa est injuria, longae "Ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. "Huic conjux Sychaeus erat, ditissimus ari "Phoenicuml et magio misefae dlectus *iore, "Cui paterl fta dam deerat, primisque jtugarat 345 "Ominibus. S earegMahatrian "Pygmalin, scelke ante ais omnes. 330. Sis - leves - doceas. Gr. 260, R. 6, 340. Tyria urbe profecta. "Having (a). H. 488. B. 1193..... Quaecumque. come from the city of Tyre." Gr. 255, R. Sc. es. 3. (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948. 331. Construe, 7Et doceas sub quo coelo, 341. Longa est injuria. "The story &ca.... Tandem. Join with jactemur. of her injuries is long." For the mood of this verb, v. Gr. 265.. 343. Muic. er. 227, R. 4. H. 390, 2. B. 525. B. 1182. 851.....Adg. Gr. 213, R. 1. H. 399, 2,2). 333. Vento - fluctibus. Gr. 248. H. B. 777, e. 414, 4. B. 873. 344. Phoenicum limits ditissimus as 334. Construe, Mfulta hostia cadet tibi a supeirative. Gr. 212, R. 2. H. 396, 2, 3) nostra dextra ante (tuas) aras....Dextra. (2). B. 771.....2fiserae (Dido). A dative Gr. 248, R. 2 & 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. after dklectus, instead of a misera. Gr. 335. Tali-honore. Gr. 244, R. 1. H. 225 H. H..388, 4. B. 844. See IV. 31..... 419, 2. Aieore. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 336. Virginibus. Gr. 227, R 4. H. 390, 345. Pater; i. e., Beues.... Intactam. 2. B. 851.... Gestare. Gr. 269. H. 549. B. Agrees with haznc (her), understood, and 1147. - =vi ginrem.... Primis ominibus. Gr. 338. Tyrios et urbem. As Aeneas, 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. "With the first being still in the forest, could not yet see auspices;" i. e., in her first marriage, also these, the words = ubi sunt Tyii et Age- implied in intactam. The consulting of noris urbs. auspices was aq important feature in mar339. Fines (sunt) iibyci. "The coun- riage rites at Rome....Jugarat forjugatry is Libyan.".... Gentus. This in sense verat. refers to an antecedent implied in Libyci, 347. Scelere. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. 889. although in grammatical apposition with.....Ante alios omnes. A Greek confries....Bello. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. struction instead of the ablative a/is om873 ni..'Gr. 256, ILR. 13, (b). 26 P. VIR GILII A R ONIS "LQuos inter medius venit furo4 Ille Sychaeum "Impius ante aras atque auri caecus amore "Clam fergio ineautum suerat, seburus amorum 350 "Germar ae; fa4tumque d; e avit, etjaegram, "Multa malus simulans, vana spe lusit amantem. "Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago "Conjugis, ora modis attotlens pallida miris; " Crudeles akal trajec aque pectora ferro 355 "Nudavit, caecumque domus. scelus omne retexit. "Tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet, "Auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit ~ L - "' Thesauros, ignotum arientitpondus et lauri. "His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat. 360 "Conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni "Aut metus acer erat; naves, quae forte paratae, "Corripiunt onerantque auro; portantur avari "Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti. 348. Quos; i. e., Sychaeus and Pygma- ures pale in wonderful ways;" i. e., wonion.... Inter. For its position after quos derfully pale...... 2odis limits paUida. see Gr. 279, 10, (f). H. 602, II. 1'..... Me- Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. dius can scarcely be translated into Eng. 357. Celerare - excedere. For the....Ille Sychaeum, &c. Construe, I/le more common construction, ut celeret. eximpius atque caecus amore auri, securus cedat, see Gr. 273, 2. H. 558, VI. 3. B. 1203. amnorum germanae, clam superat Sychae-.... Patria. Gr. 242. H. 434,1. B. 993. um iScautum ante arasferro. 358. AuxiUum vziae. — "As an aid for 349. Amore. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. her voyage." Viae is an objective geni873. tive denoting purpose. Gr. 211, RI 1. H. 350. Ferro. Gr. 247, R. 5. A. 414,4. B. 396, II; B. 746.....Tellure recludit = 873....Amorum, i. e., regardless of his eodit e teilure. Gr. 255, R. 3, (b). H. 422, sister's affection for Sychaeus. For the 2. B. 948. The apparition, in Wointing out genitive after securus, see Gr. 213, R. 1, (3). the place of the treasure, is poetically said H. 399. B. 767, 8d, 4. to bring it from the earth. 352. lMalus simulans. "Wickedly 359. ISgnotum pondus. " An unfeigning." Gr. 205;, R. 15. H. 443. B. 663. known amount;"-lit., -"weight." Dido....usit, &c. Construe, Lusit vana spe was ignorant of the existence of this aegram amantem (conjugem)....Spe. The treasure, which Sychaeus had probably hope of seeing her husband again. For concealed to secure it from the rapacious the case see Gr. 247, 8. H. 414, 4. B. 873. Pygmnalion. 353. Construe, Sed ipsa imago inhumati 860. His. Gr. 248. H. 414, 4. B. 873. conjugis, &c.....Inhumati. The body Limits commota. of Sychaeus being left somewhere un- 361. Conveniunt. Supply omnes as buried, his ghost, according to the com- the subject..... Quibus. Gr. 226. H. 387. mon belief, must wander restlessly about, B. 821. without permission to enter Elysium. 362. Paratae (sunt). Hence the still greater atrocity of Pygma- 863. Aiuro. Gr. 249. H. 419, 2. B. 911. lion's crime. 864. Pygmalionis opes. Wealth 354. Ora, &c. Lit., "Lifting up feat- which he had expected to obtain by the AENEID OS LIB. I. 27. "Devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis 365 "Moenia surgentemque novae Carthaginis arcem, "Mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, "Taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo. "Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris, "Quove tenetis iter?" Quaerenti talibus ille 370 Suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem: "0 dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam, "Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, "Ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo. "Nos Troja antiqua, si vestras- forte per aures 375 "' Trojae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos " Forte sua Libycis tempestas appulit oris. " Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates death of Sychaeus, as also the ships, arms, limits quaerenti. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. &c., taken by Dido.....Pelago. Gr. 254, B. 873. "To her interrogating in such R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948...... Foemina terms;" i. e., thus interrogating. (est). 371. Imo. Gr. 205, R. 17. H. 441, 6. B. 662. 365. Locos. Gr. 237, R. 5, (a) & (c). H. 372. Si pergam et racet-comnponet. 379, 4. B. 948.....Cernis = cernere potes. The regular construction would require "'Where you can now see." The use of the subjunctive componat in the apodosis, the present in this sense is common in but the indicative expresses the certainty English. of the conclusion. 867. Mercati (sunt), d&c. "Bought 878. Et vacet (tbi). ground, (called) Byrsa from the name of 374. Ante; i. e., before I finish the relathe deed, as much as," &c. tion.Diem clauso componet, &c.. " Vesper, having closed Olympus, will put 414,. Tasrino tergo. Gr. 247, 8. H. the day to rest." Diem seems to be per414, 4. B. 873....Possent. Gr. 266, 8. H. sonified as well as Vesper. The latter 485. B. 1255. The king in whose territory sonlsed as well as Venper. The latter Dido landed in Africa was unwilling to leads the day to its nightly repose in sell any land to the Carthaginians. Re- heaven and ahuts the gates, which are sorting to stratagem, they finally suc- to be opened again in the morning.... ceeded in purchasing as much as a bull's hide would cover, and, cutting it into 375. Construe, Tempestas, sua forte, apstrips, enclosed a large space, upon which pulit nos, vectos anftque TrqIj (si forte, was built the citadel, called Byrea, fom &C.) per diversa aequora, Libyeis or.... the Greek word $Ppcra, a hide. This is the Troja, with vectos. Gr. 255. H. 421, H. common story, which is here followed by B. 941. Virgil. It is, however, a fabrication of 876. Iit per, "has gone through" = the Greeks. Bosra was the Phoenician pervenit ad, "has come to." For the word for a citadel or fortress, and this by mood see Gr. 259, N. H. 474, 1, 3). the Greeks was softened into,ipca, which 377. Forte sua. " By its own chance;" meaning in their language a hide, gave i. e., in its wonted uncertain manner. Gr. rise to the fable to account for the name. 247, 2. HI. 414, 8. B. 873.....Ot is. The 369. Sed vos (estis), &c. common prose construction would be ad 370. Construe, (Illi)quaerenti talibus (ver- oras. Gr. 224 and R. 4. H. 386, 3. B. 830. bis), ille-(respondit). (11e) quaerenti lim- 378. Qui veho mecumn classe Peits respondit, understood. Talibus (verbis) nates, &c. A proof of his piety. 28 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS "Classe veho mecum, fama super aethera notus. "Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Jove summo. 380 "Bis denis Phrygiumn conscendi navibus aequor, "Matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus; "Vix septem convulsae undis Euroque supersunt. "Ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, "Europa atque Asia pulsus." Nec plura querentem 385 Passa Venus medio sic interfata dolore est: "Quisquis es, haud, credo, invisus coelestibus auras "Vitales carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem. "Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer. "Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam 390 "Nuntio et in tutum versis Aquilonibus actam, "Ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes. "Adspice his senos laetantes agmine cycnos, "Aetheria quos lapsa plaga Jovis ales aperto 379.- Classe.. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422,1, 2). odious to the gods, I think.".... CoelesB. 948.....Faama. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. tibus. Gr. 222, R. 1. H. 391. B. 862, 3d. B. 873. 388. Qui adveneris. " Since you have 380. Italiam patriamn. "Italy my come." Gr. 264, 8, (1). H. 519. B. 1251.... fatherland." Dardanus, the ancestor of Urbem. Gr. 233, (3) and R. 2. H. 386, 3. Aeneas, and founder of the Trojan line, I B. 718. came originally from Italy.....Genus 389. Te perfer. "Continue on." Se ab Jove sumrno. "My ancestry (that conferre, in the sense of'to betake one's sprung) from sovereign Jove." Dardanus self somewhere,'' to go,' is common, but was the son of Jupiter. se perferre is found only here. Per im381. Bis denis. Gr. 118, 5, (b) and 120, plies that Aeneas is already on the road to 4, (a). H. 174, 2, 4). B. 209. See bis septem the city. ~.above, 71, and ter centum, 272...... Navi- 390. Construe, Namque nuntio tibi socios bus. Gr. 249, III. R. H. 414, 7. (esse) reduces classemque relatam (esse) et382. lMatre dea monstrante. Gr. actam (esse)...... Relatan. "Brought 257. H. 430. B. 965.....Data fata. See back" to land. on 205. 391. In tutum. "Into a safe place." 384. Ignotus; i.e., here in these des- Gr. 205, R. 7, (1). H. 441. B. 658.... Versis erts. aquilonibus. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. 385. Europa - Asia. Gr. 251. H. 425,....Aquilonibus = ventis. 3, 4). B. 948.....Nec plura, &c. Con- 392. Vani. "False;" i. e., practicing a strue, Venus non passa (eum) querentem false, delusive art....Docuere (me). Gr. plura (i. e., queri plura), sic interfata est 1 259, N. H. 474, 1, 3). medio dolore. 393. "Behold (those) twelve swans ex386. Passa (eum) querentem. A ulting in a company."...A..gmine. Gr.'GOreek construction for the common passa 247,1. H. 414, 2. B. 875. The twelve swans eum queri, or the less common passa ut correspond to the twelve missing ships quereretur. Gr. 273, 4, (a). H. 551, II. 1-2. afterwards recovered. The swan was'B. 1204.....Miedio dolore. Gr. 253. H. sacred to Venus, and was a bird of good 426, 1. B. 949. omen to sailors. 387. Quisquis es. Gr. 259, R. 4, (3). 394. Construe, Quos ales Jovis lapsa H. 475, 3..... Haud credo, &c. "Not Aetherid plagd turbabat aperto coelo..... AENEIDOS LIB. I. 29 "Turbabat coelo; nunc terras ordine longo 395 "Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur: "Ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis, "Et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere, "Haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesqu9 tuorum "Aut portum tenet, aut pleno subit ostia velo. 400 "Perge modo, et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum." Dixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit, Ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem Spiravere; pedes vestis defluxit ad imos, Et vera incessu patuit dea. Ille ubi matrem 405 Agnovit, tali fugientem est voce secutus: "Quid natum toties, crudelis tu quoque, falsis " Ludis imaginibus? Cur dextrae jungere dextram "Non datur ac veras audire et reddere voces?" diles eJovis; i.e., the eagle..... Plaga. Gr. 255, R. 3, (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948.... Aetheria plaga is higher than the coelum. 395. Turbabat.'"Was (just now) scattering.".... lperto coelo = "in the wide air." Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948..... lNunc - videntur. "Now, in a long train, they are seen to be either tak- ing possession of the ground (capere terras), or looking down upon it already occupied (captas);" i. e., youl see them either (the foremost) alighting, or (the hindmost) looking down upon the position occupied by the others and preparing to settle down by them.....Ordine longo. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 397. Ut reduces illi. "As they returning.".. Alis. Gr. 257. H. 480. B. 965. VS. 398. Coetu. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 399. Pucbes tuorum = " thy compaLn- 405. Incessu. Gr. 247,1, (2). H. 414, 2, 399. Pubes tuorum="tyCM -2). B. 873. ions." 400. Tenet aut subit. Gr. 209, R. 12, 406. Tali voce. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. (3). H. 463, I. B. 644. "Are in possession B. 873. of or are entering.".... Pleno velo. Gr. 407. Construe, Quid ttu, crudelis quoque, 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. toties ludis natumre, &c.... Crudelis quo401. Qua. "Where." For its govern- que; i. e., as well as Juno. ment as an abl. of the pron., see Gr. 255,2. 408. Inaginibus. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414. 402. Avertens. Sc. se. Gr. 229, R. 4, 1. 4. B. 873....Dextrae. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 720.....Cervice. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 818. B. 873. 403. Vertice. Gr. 255, R. 3. (b). H. 422, 409. Veras. " Sincere," "undisguis2. B. 948. ed," as those between a son and a mother. 30 P. VIR G ILII MAR ONIS Talibus incusat, gressumque ad moenia tendit. 410 At Venus obscuro gradientes aere sezsit,,: Et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, Cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset, Molirive moram, aut veniendi poscere causas. Ip1a Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque revisit 415 Laeta suas, ubi templum illi, centumque Sabaeo -Ture calent arae sertisque recentibus halant. Corrlpuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. Jamque adscendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi Imminet adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, Miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. Instant ardentes Tyrii, pars ducere muros Molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, Pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco; 425 Jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; Hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatri Fundamenta locant alii, immanesque columnas Rupibus excidunt, scenis decora alta futuris. 410. TalZibus. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. i "The paved streets." Or. 212, R. 3, N. 4. a73. H. 396, mI. B. 760. 411. (8os) gradientes; i.e., Aeneas 423. Instant ardentes. "Eagerly and Achates....Aere- amictu. Gr. 247, press on.r. 204, R.. H. 7press on.....Pars. Gr. 204, R. 10. H. 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 363. B. 622....Ducere. "To extend;" 412. Circurn and fudit are separated this and the following infinitives depend by Tmesis. Or. 323, 4, (5). H. 704, IV. 3. on instant. Gr. 271. H. 552, 1. B. 1138. B. 15, 9th. For the two constructions after 425. Concludere (eum) suico. "To this word, see Or. 249, R. 3. H. 384, II. 1. enclose it with a trench;" i.e., for the foundations. For the omission of eum 416. Laeta. On account of the safety see Gr. 207, 26, (d). of her son and the recent assurances of 426. Jeura, &c. "They enact laws and Jupiter.... Templum (eat) lli. Or. 226. choose magistrates." Notice the zeugma H. 387. B. 821. in legunt. Gr. 323, 1, (b), (2). H. 704, I. 2. 417. Ture- sertis. Gr. 247, 1, (2). H. B. 1378, 2d. All this is not necessarily 414, 2. B. 873. seen by Aeneas. The poet gives a general 418. Qua. See on 401, above. i picture of the industrial and political ac419. Plurimus. "Of huge size." On tivity of the colonists in founding a new its position see Gr. 206, 7, (a) & (b). H. city. 453, 5. B. 696.... Urbi. Or. 224. H. 386. 429. Rupibus. "The quarries." Or. B. 826. 242. 1. 434, 1. B. 9.93....Sceenis. Dative, 421. Magalia. Gr. 204, R. 3. H. 363,1. as if after quae sint understood. Gr. 211, B. 622. R. 5, and N. H. 392, 1 and 398, 5.... Decora 422. Strata viarLum = strata:s vias. alta. "Lofty decorations." AENEIDOS LIB. I. 31 Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 Exercet sub sole labor, quum gentis adultos Educunt fetus, aut quum liquentia mella Stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, Aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto Ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent; 435 Fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. "0 fortunati, quorum jam moenia surgunt!" Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. Infert se septus nebula-mirabile dictuPer medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 Lucus in urbe fuit media, laetissimus umbra, Quo primum, jactati undis et turbine, Poeni Effodere loco signum, quod regia Juno Monstrarat, caput acris equi; sic nam fore bello Egregiam et facilem victu per saecula gentem. 445 430. Qualis. Gr.206,(16). B.706. The 229 R. 4,1. B. 720....Viris..Mscere is full grammatical construction is, (Talis followed by the dat. or ablative. Gr. 245, labor est Mills) qualis labor exercet apes, &c. I. 2, and R. 1. H. 385, 5.... Uli, for ab "(Such labor is theirs) as employs bees." ullo0. Gr. 225, H. H. 388, 4. B. 844. The Eng. idiom requires the word labor 441. lUmbra., Gr. 213, R. 5, (4). H. 419, to be expressed with the antecedent and III. B. 777, d. omitted with the relative-the reverse of 442. Quo loco. Gr. 254, R. 2, (b). H. 422, the Latin construction here. As the ante- 1, 1). B. 948..... Primum. "In the becedent of qualis is so often omitted, qual/s ginning;" i. e., on their first arrival. Join may itself be regarded as meaning " such with efodere. -as."....Aestate nova. Gr. 253. H.4286. 443. Signum. "The token." B. 949. 444. 7Lonstrarat -- monstraverat..... 431. G~entis adultos fetus. "The Acris. "'Fierce," or "spirited." Used newly matured swarms of their race4' in an indefinite sense, of course, as indica438. Nectare. Gr. 82, Ex. 1, (b). HI. 8, tive of the character of horses in general. H. 1......Fore. Depends on mopstrarat un434. Venientuim = venientienlu Gr. derstood. "For thus (she had indicated) 114, Ex. 8.....Agmine. Gr. 257. H. 430. that the nation would be illustrious in B. 965. war.".... Bello. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. 889. 435. Ignavqum pecus. "An idle 445. Facilem victu per saecula. herd." Gr. 204. H. 863. B. 622. "Easy to be supported for ages;" i.e., 436. 27lymo. Limits redolent. Gr. 247, easily maintaining itself, or easily con1, (2). H. 414, 2. B. 873. It may also be re- tinuing its existence; an idea that natugarded as limiting fragrantia instead of rally flows from warlike renown and that redolent. See also Gr. 232, (2). H. 371,3.2). is consistent with the typical character of B. 716.....Fragrantia mella. Notice the omen (the horse's head), a token of the force of the plural. "The fragrant activity and power. Thus the best comand abundant honey." mentators; but there is much diversity of 439. Mirabile dictu. See on misera- opinion respecting the expression. Victc, bie visu, 111. in this interpretation, is a supine from 440. IMedios (viros).....Miscet (se). Gr. vivere. Gr. 276 III. H. 570. B. 1365. 32 P. VIRGIL II MAR ONIS iic templum Junoni ingens Sidonia Dido Condebat, donis opulentum et numine divae, Aereia cui gradibus surgebant limina nexaeque Aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat ahenis. Hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem 450 Leniit, hic primum Aeneas sperare salutem Ausus et afflictis melius confidere rebus. Namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo, Reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, Artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem 455 Miratur, videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas Bellaque jam fama totum vulgata per orbem, Atridas, Priamumque, et saevum ambobus Achillen. Constitit, et lacrimans, "Quis jam locus," inquit, "Achate, "Quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris? 460 "En Priamus! Sunt hic etiam sua praemia laudi; 44-. Junoni. Limits condebat. Gr. 223. city has."....Fortuna. By attraction to H. 383. B. 818.. the relative, instead offortunam. Gr. 206, 447. Donis - numine. Gr. 213, R. 5, (6), (b). H. 445, 9. B. 705..... Sit. Gr. 266, (3). H. 419, m. B. 7', e..... Numine. 3. H. 529. B. 1296. The sentiment of the " With the divine presence." subordinate clause is that of Aeneas, not 448. Construe, Cui surgebant gradibus of the poet...... Urbi. r. 226. H. 387. aerea limina trabesque nexae aere, (et). 821. cardo stridebat ahenis foribus. Lit., "To 455. ArtifcznL manus. " The (vawhich there arose from the steps a bronze ried degrees of) skill of the artists "..... threshold and door- posts (lit., beams) Inter se. "(Comparing them) with one joined (to that threshold) with bronze, another. (and) the hinge(s) creaked to bronze u e. doors." More freely, " From whose steps 456. Es ordine; i. e., arranged in their arose," &c. Cui limits surgebant (but =historical order. cajus limiting gradius), and limina and 458. Ambobus. "To both parties trae.s.are both subjects of that verb i. e., to the Atridae, for refusing his assistGradibus. OGr. 2h sj. 3,s (). H. 422ver b. ance to the Greeks. on account of his reB. 948.'' sentment at the loss of Briseis; and to Priam, because he had slain Hector and 449. Aere. r. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. other sons of that monarch. For the de-.... Foribus. A dative limiting stride- clension, see Gr. 118, R. 1. H. 176, 2. B. bat. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. These words 2033 apply to the magnificent Roman architec- 460. Laboris. "The storyofourmisture of Virgil's own time, which sug- fortune." Gr. 213, R. 1, (3). H. 399, 2, 2). gested the description. B. 777, e. 452. Ausus (est)...... Rebus. Gr. 223, 461. En Priamus. Gr. 209, R. 13. H. R. 2. H. 385, 1. B. 833, 5th. 367, 3. B. 726..... Sunt - laudi. "Even 453. JLustrat dum singula. "While here praiseworthy conduct has its own he surveys (the objects) one after an- reward." Sua refers to laudi. Gr. 208, other." (7), (a). H. 449, II. 2. B. 1021....-Laudi. 454. Dum - mirattur, &c. "While he Gr. 226. II. 387. B. 821. The rewards wonders at the good fortune which the meant are fame and sympathy. AENEIDOS LIB. 1. 33 -1=_ THE SITE OF CARTHAGE. "Sunt lacrimae rerum, et mentem mortalia tangunt. "Solve metus; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem." Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani, Multa gemens, largoque humectat flumine vultum. 465 Namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum IHac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus; Hac Phryges, instaret curru cristatus Achilles. Nec procul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria velis Agnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno 470 Tydides multa vastabat caede cruentus, 462. Rerurn. "For misfortunes." An Trojan youth pursued." For the three objective genitive. Gr. 211, R. 1. H. 396, subjunctives see Gr. 265. H. 525. B. 1182. IH. B 746......11ortalia. "Human in- 468. Hac Phryyges (fugerent), &c.; terests." i. e., in the second picture..... Curru. 464 Pictura. Gr 249. 1. H. 419, 2. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. B. 911. 469. Niveis velis. Gr. 211, R. 6. 11. 465. MIulta Gr. 205, R 10 H. 335. 1). 428. B. 757. Virgil here again uses the 466, Construe, lti hac Graii, bellantes cir- language of his own day. In the heroic curm Pergama,fugerent.... ti. "How." age tents were not employed..... Hac. An adverb, "here;" i.e., in 470. Primo somno. Gr. 48. H. 414, this picture —apparently the first of a 4. B..873. "By the first sleep;" i. e., the series of eight.... Ciroum. See contra, sleep of the first night after his arrival. above, 13. 471. iMlulta caede. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 467. Premeret, &c. "(While) the 3. B. 873. 34 P. VIR G ILII M-IAR O NIS Ardentesque avertit equos in castra, priusquam Pabula gustassent Trojae Xanthumque bibissent. Parte alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis, Infelix puer atque impar congressus Achilli, 475 Fertur equis, curruque haeret resupinus inani, Lora tenens tamen; huic cervixque comaeque trahuntur Per terram, et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta. - Interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant Crinibus Iliades passis, peplumque ferebant, 480 Suppliciter, tristes et tunsae pectora palmis; Diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat. Ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros, Exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles. Tum vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo, 485 Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici, Tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes. Se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis, 472 Avertit. Gr. 145, I. 3. H. 467, III. the Trojan women to propitiate the angry B. 1082....t eastra; i. e., of the Greeks. goddess by this offering is mentioned in 473. Gustassent (= gustavissent) - bi- the sixth book of the Iliad. bissent. Gr. 263, 3. H. 523, II. B. 1241. 481. Tunsae pectora. Lit.,'"beaten It had been predicted that if the-horses of as to their breasts;" i. e., beating their Rhesus should taste the pasturage of Troy breasts. Gr. 234, II. & R. 2. H. 380. B. 728. and drink of Xanthus, Troy would be in- See also, respecting both passis and tulvincible. Hence the speedy attack upon sae, Gr. 274, 2, R. 3. the camp and the capture of the horses by 482. Solo. "Upon the ground." Limits Ulysses and Diomede. fixos. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 474. Parte. Gr. 254, R.3. H. 422,1, 2).....Aversa. The head of the goddess B. 948..... Armis. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. was represented in the picture as averted. 965. Pallas also shared the resentment of Juno 475. Atque connects infelix and impar, for the judgment of Paris., which should both be rendered in Eng. as 483. Ter Achilles raptaverat, &c. adverbs, or adverbial phrases, modifying The sixth picture. Virgil here differs the participle congressus. Gr. 205, R. 15. from Homer, who represents Achilles as H. 443 B. 663.... Achilli limits congres- simply dragging the body of Hector thrice sus. Gr. 224. R. 5. H. 386. B. 826. around the tomb of Patroclus. 476. Curru = in curru. Gr. 254, R. 3. 484. 3 Auro. Gr. 252. H. 416. B. 884. H. 412.2, 1, 2). B. 948. Priam, as related in the Iliad, went to the 477. Huic. Limits trahuntur. Gr. 211, Grecian camp to redeem the body of HecR. 5, (1). H. 398, 5. B. 871. tor. 478. Versa hasta. "By his inverted 486. Curr-us; i. e., of Achilles, to which spear." Gr. 248. H. 414, 4. B. 873. the body of Hector had been bound. For 479. Interea. "Meanwhile (in another the number, see Gr. 98. picture)"-the fifth. 488. The seventh picture. -..Principi480. Crinibus passis. Gr. 257. H. bus. Abl. Gr. 245, II. 2., also R. 1. H. 430. B. 965.....Peplunm. The attempt of 385, 5. AENEIDOS LIB. I. 35 Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma. Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis 490 Penthesilea furens, mediisque in millibus ardet, Aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, Bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere virgo. Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, Dumr stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 Regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, Incessit, magna juvenum stipante caterva. Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per juga Cynthi Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae linc atquAhinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram 500 Fert humero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes; Latonae tacitum pertentant gaudia pectus; Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat 493. Bellatrix. In apposition with Penthesilea. "Heroine (as she is)."....'Virgo. "(Though) a virgin." 494. Maec, &c. " While these wonderful things are viewed by Aeneas.".... Aeneae = ab Aenea, and limits videntur by Gr. 225, II. H. 388, 4. B. 846. Cf. visa (est), above, 326.....V identur. On the tense see Gr. 263, 4, (2). H. 467, 4. B. 1237. 496. Ad tentplunm. Gr. 233, R. 2 and 2 24, R. 4....i Formna. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. 889. 497. Ineessit. "Has advanced." Notice the twofold beauty of the term and the tense.... Caterva. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. AMAZON. 498. Qualis Diana exercet choros. 489. Eoas. Memnon, although king of "Such as Diana (is when she) leads the the Aethiopians, came to the aid of the choral dances." Talis, the antecedent of Trojans with forces from the far East. qualis. is expressed below, 503. Compare Some accounts represent his father Ti- note on 316, above....Eurotae. Diana thonus as a viceroy of Persia under the As- was worshipped with peculiar honor at syrian king. We may thus explain his Sparta. connection with the East. Memnon is 499. Quant secutae. "Following mentioned in the Odyssey, but not in the f whom." The perfect for the present, as iliad. in 481, above. 490. The eighth and last picture.... Lu- i 1 natis peltis. Modifes agmina. Gr. 501. sero. Gr.254, 1. 3. H. 422,1, 211, 6. H. 423. B.. 2). B. 948.... Gradiens. "As she walks." 492..fMammae - viris. Gr. 224. H. 386. 502. Finely indicative of maternal love B. 826. and pride. 36 P. VIR GILII MARONIS Per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris, Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 Septa armis, solioque alte subnixa, resedit. Jura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem Partibus aequabat justis, aut sorte trahebat: Quum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo Dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. Obstupuit simul ipse simul percussus Achates Laetitiaque metuque; avidi conjungere dextras Ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 506. Arinis; i. c., by armed men..... Solio. "By a throne." Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. I —:/'S3 5 \ 507. The poet has again in mind the cus — toms at Rome, where the senate met and made laws in temples, and where tribunals of justice were placed at the doors of temples. 508. Partibus justis. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873.... Sorte. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873...Sorte trahebat. Poetical for sortem trahebat. 509. Construe, Quum 8ubito Aeneas videt Anthea Sergestumque, &c., accedere..... Concursa magno. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. The reference is to a crowd of Carthaginians that accompanied'the TroDIl~aA. Ijans from a feeling of hostility or of curiosity. 504. Instans. "Urging on.".... Operi *regnisque. Gr. 224, and also R. 5. H. 511. Aequore. Gr. 254, R. 3.. 422,1, 386. B. 826. 2). B. 948. 512. Penitus. " Far away.".... Oras 505. PForibus divae. "At (near) the = ad oras. Gr. 237, R. 5, (c). H. 379,4. B. doors of the goddess;" i. e., Juno. Being 948. Cf. ocos 365. Juno's temple, the expression foribus di-, vae = for-bTus temple..... Media textu- 513. Obstupuit.- Belongs to both ipse dine templi. "Within the vault of the tand Achates. Gr. 209, R. 12, N. 9. H. 463. dine templi. "Within the vault of the temple;" i. e., simply within the temple. I. B. 644....Percussus also belongs to The difference between media test. and in both subjects. r.05, Ex. to R.2..489. media test. should be carefully noticed.. At the same time both himself and Achates were astonThe latter would mean "at (under) the centre of the vault." As a further illus- ished, deeply agitated by both hope and fear.".... Laetitia - metu. Or. 9247, 1. tration, media silva means " amid (within) H 4er 2. 87 a wood," but in media silva, " in the centre of a wood." For the ablatives, see 514. Avidi. Gr. 205, R. 15, (a). H. 443. Gr. 254, R 3, H. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. B. 663. AENEID OS LIB. I. 37 D)issimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, Quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, Quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, Orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, 520 Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: "0 Regina, novam cui condere Jupiter urbem "Justitiaque dedit gentes frenare superbas, "Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, "Oramus:' prohibe infandos a navibus ignes, 525'" Parce pio generi et propius res adspice nostras. "Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penates "Venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas; "Non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis. "Est locus, Hesperiam Graii cognomine dicunt, 530 "Terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glebae; "Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama, minores "Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. "Hic cursus fuit: 515. Res incognita. "Their uncer- 524. Maria. Supplyper, or explain by tain condition." Gr. 232, (2). H. 371, 3. B. 716. 517. Quae fortuna (sit) viris. Gr. 526. Generi. Gr. 223, R. 2. H. 385. B. 265. H. 525. B. 1182. Fortuna refers to 831....Propius. "More closely." their condition since the storm, not to 527. Populre. Gr. 271 N. 3. H. 553, their reception by the queen.... Viris. V. B. 1160. Gr. 226. H. 387. B. 821.....Litore. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 528. Raptas vertere praedas. "To seize and drive away booty." Gr. 274, 3, 518. Quid. "Why." Gr. 235, R. 11. H. ). H. (b). H.579. B. 1348. See also on 69. 454, 2. B. 717.....Navibus. With lecti. 529. Anisno - victis. Supply est before these. Gr. 226. H. 387. B. 821. 519. Orantes. Gr. 274, R. 2, (a). H. 578, V. Cf. scitantem, II. 114.....Cla- 530. Hesperiam, &1c. Supply quam. mnore. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 8 Gr. 0. H. 373. B. 715.... Conomne Gr. 950. H. 429. B. 889. 520. Introgressi (sunt) - data (est). Gr. 259, R. 1, (2), (d). B. 1094. Cf. 216,bere. Gr. 250.. 429 above.... Coram. Sc. regina. 532. Fama (est)....2Minores. "Their 521. Jlaximus. Sc. natu. Gr. 250. H. 532. Fama (et)... inores. The descendants." For its construction with 429. B. 889....Placido pectore. "With W dixisse, see Gr. 272, N. 1, and 269. H. 549. calm breast." Gr. 247,2. H, 414, 3. B. 873. B.1157. 52. Condere- frenare. See on 66. 533. Ducis; i. e., Italus, who probably ~523. Justitia. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. existed, however, only in fable....Gen873.... Gentes. Refers to the neighbor- tem = te/ram. ing African tribes. 534. Hic. "This." 38 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS "Quum subito assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion 535 "In vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus Austris "Perque undas, superante salo, perque invia saxa "Dispulit;, huc pauci vestris annavimus oris. [morem "Quod genus hoc hominum? quaeve hunc tam barbara'Permi it patria? Hospitio prohibemur arenae; 540 "Bella cient, primaque vetant consistere terra. "Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, "At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi. "Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo justior alter, "Nec pietate fuit nec bello major et armis: 545 "Quem si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura "Aetheria neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris; " Non metus; officio nee te certasse priorem "Poeniteat. Sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes "Arvaque, Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes. 550 "Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem, "Et silvis aptare trabes et stringere remos; 535. Fluctu. Gr. 255, R. 3, (b). H. 422, 545. For the ablatives, see Gr. 250. H. 2. B. 948. Both the rising and setting of 429. B. 889. Bello has reference to him Orion were accompanied by stormy weath- as a commander in war, and armis to his er. The heliacal rising, as here, is alout personal prowess. midsummer. 546. Aura. Gr. 245. H. 419, I. B. 880. 536. Penitusque, &c. Construe, Dispulit que (nos) procacibus Austrispenitus 547. Tlmbris = in umbris. "Amid the shades;" i. e., of Orcus. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. perque undas perque invia saxa, superante hades;" i. e., of rcs. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. s8ao....Penitus. As in 512....Austris. 42, 1, 2). B. 948. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 548. Non metus (sit tibi), &c. "You 537. Superante salo. "The sea over- will not fear, nor will you repent," &c. powering us." Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. For the tenses, see Gr. 261, R. 1, and 260, 538. Oris. See on 377. I. (1). H. 511, I. B. 126..... Officio. Gr. 540. Hlospitio. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2. B. 250. H. 429. B. 889.... Certasse = certa916. - visse.... Prioremn. Gr. 205, R. 15, (a) and 541. Prima terra. "On the very (b). H: 442. B. 663. shore." For the literal meaning of prima, 549. Sunt et (nobs), &c. This is said see Gr. 205, R. 17, H. 441, 6. B. 662, and on to remove from the queen any apprehenthe case, Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. sion of their settling in Africa...Et = 543. Sperate = metuite....1Deos. Sc. etiam, or praeterea....Regionibus. Gr. fore. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 544. Nobis. Gr. 227, R. 4. H. 390, 2. B. 851.... Quo. Gr. 256, 2. H. 417. B. 895.... 551. Construe, Liceat (nobs) subducere Jeusti:;r alter. Supply a negative from classem quassatam ventis. Gr. 260, R. 6. the following line, and translate, "Than H. 487. B. 1193... Subducere. "To draw whom (neither) was there another more up (on shore).".... Ventis. Gr. 248. H. righteous, nor greater in piety, nor in war 414, 4. B. 873. and in arms." 552. Silvis = in silvis. See on 549. AENEID OS LIB. I. 39 "Si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, "Tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus; "Sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrfim, 555 "Pontus habet Libyae, nec spes jam restat Iuli, "At freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas, "Unde huc advecti, regemque petamus Acesten." Talibus Ilioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae. 560 Tum breviter Dido, vultum demissa, profatur: "Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. "Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt " Moliri, et late fines custode tueri. " Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem, 565 "Virtutesque virosque, aut tanti incendia belli? "Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, "Nec tam aversus equos Tyria -Sol jungit ab urbe. "Seu vos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva, "Sive Erycis fines regemque optatis Acesten, 570 "Auxilio tutos dimittam opibusque juvabo, 553. Construej, t. aetd petamus, &c., s/ She feared an attack from her brother datur (nobis) tendere (cursusa ad) Italiam. Pygmalion, and also from the neighboring "In order that we may joyfully seek," &c. Libyan tribes.....Talia Molili. "To....Italiam.. Gr. 37,.R. 5, (e). H. 379, 4. take such'vigorous measures;" i.e., B. 948....Sociis et rege. Gr. 257. I. 430. against the arrival of foreigners. B. 9.... Recepto. Gr. 205, Ex. to R. 2. 564. Custode = custodius. 565. Aeneadum = Aeneadarum. Gr. 555. Absumpta (est) salus. Their 43, genit. pl. H. 42, 3). B. 56.... esciat. hopes of deliverance are centered in Gr. 260, R. 5. H. 486, II. B. 1180. Aeneas. 568. Aversus. "Remote." The idea 556. Jiabet; i. e., has swallowed up. is that Carthage is not in so cold a region.... Spes Iuli. "Our hope in Ilus;" that its people are devoid of sympathy,i.e., their hope in the future promised an allusion to the belief of the Romans leadership of Ascanius....Iuli. Gr. 211, that climate affects character. R. 2. H. 396, II. B. 746. 569. Saturnia arva = Latium. Sat557. At-saltem-(ug petamus. "Yet 57. At-saltem-(ut)t petamus. "Yet urn was said to have reigned in Latium at least that we may seelk." ae t w y " after his expulsion by Jupiter from Olym558. Adveeti. Sc. sumus. pus. 559. Talibus (verbis ait). Gr. 247, 2. H. 570. -Erycis fines; i.e., the lands in 414, 3. B. 873.... Ore. See on voce, 94. the neighborhood of mount Eryx belong561. Vultrin. Gr. 284, II. R. 2. H. 380. ing to Acestes..... Regem - Acestei; B. 728. i. e., a king in Acestes, in place of Aeneas. 562. Corde. Gr. 251. H. 425, 3, 2). B. 571. Auxilio. Limits tutos.'Protected 916 and 917. by an escort.' Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 563. Res duzra. " My hard condition.".... Opibus. " With my resources." 40 P. VIR G ILII 3IA R ONIS "Vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis: "Urbem quam statuo, vestra est; subducite naves; "Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. "Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 "Afforet Aeneas! Equidem per litora certos "Dimittam et Libyae lustrare extrema jubebo, "Si quibus ejectus silvis aut urbibus errat." His animum arrecti dictis, et fortis Achates Et pater Aeneas jamdudum erumpere nubem 580 Ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates: "Nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit? " Omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos. "Unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi "Submersum; dictis respondent cetera matris.? 585 Vix ea fatus erat, quum circumfusa repente Scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum. Restitit Aeneas, claraque in luce refulsit, 574. Mihi. Gr. 225, II. H. 388, 4. B. 846... 2Nullo discrimine. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873....Agetur. "Shall be treated." Gr. 209, N. 9. H. 463, 3. 5/5. Noto v vento. 576. Afforet. Gr. 263, R. H. 488, I. and 2. B. 1195-6.....Certos. "Trusty (persons)." -l l' 5577. ZLustrare. Or. 273, 2, (d). H. 551, I HI.11. 1. B. 1203.....Extrema. " The extreme (parts)," "frontiers." Gr. 212r8. 3, N. 4. 578. Silvis - urbibus. Limit errat by Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. These words are used indefinitely for "uninhabited or inhabited places." SATURN. 579. Animnum. Or. 234, II. and R. 2. H. 380. B. 728. 572. (Si) vultis et. " If you wish more- 581. Ardepbant. Gr. 14, II. 2....Priover." Lit., without si, "Do you wish," or. See on 548. &c. This partly interrogative and partly 582. Dea. Gr. 246. H. 425, 3, 1). B. 918. conditional form of the protasis is not un-....Animo. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). common in both Latin and English.... B. 948. Pariter. "On equal terms."....Reg- 583. Receptos. Sc. esse. nis. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 584. Unus; i. e., Orontes. See above, 573. Urbem quam = urbs quam. Gr. 113-117. 206, (6), (b). H. 445, 9. B. 705.... Urbem is 585. Dictis. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. attracted to the case of the relative-a See above, 390-1. Greek construction. 587. Purgat. Sc. se, from scindit. AENEID OS LIB. I. 41 Os humerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram Caesariem nato genetrix lumenque juventae 590 Purpureum et laetos oculis afflarat honores: Quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo Argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro. Tum sic reginam alloquitur, cunctisque repente Improvisus ait:r' "Coram, quem quaeritis, adsum, 595 "Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. "0 sola infandos Trojae miserata labores, "Quae nos, reliquias Danatim, terraeque marisque " Omnibus exhaustos jam casibus, omnium egenos, "Urbe, domo, socias; grates persolvere dignas 600 " Non opis est nostrae, Dido, nec quidquid ubique est " Gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem. "Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quid " Usquam justitia est et mens sibi conctia recti, "Praemia digna ferant. Quae te tam laeta tulerunt 605 "Saecula? qui tanti talem genuere parentes? " In freta dum fluvii current, dum rmontibuas umbrae 589. Os humerosque. See on ani- 1889. Conington calls it an instrumental mum, 579.....D)eo. Gr. 222, 3, R. 1. H. or modal abl.' 391, 1. B. 860.... Namque, &c. Construe, 601. Noni opis est nostrae.' It is Namque genetrixipsa afiarat, &C. not in our power." Gr. 211, R. 8, (3). H. 590. Nato - oeutis. Gr. r~. H. 3 S. 401 and 402, I. B. 780....Nec, d&c. ConB. 826. strue, Nec (Dardaniae gentis), quidquid Dardaniaee gentis est ubique, quae sparsa 591. -Laetos ho norese "Joyous est, &c.....eQuidquid, &c. "Whatever graces." Honor noreor = decus. of the Trojan race is (exists) anywhere." 592. fQuale decus manus addunt, 603. Si qua. Gr. 138, N. H. 190, 1. B. &c. See on 430.....F lavo auro. Gr. 249-50.... Si quid, &c. "Ifjustice and a 249, 1. H. 414, 4. B. 873. mind conscious to itself of rectitude are 594. (unctis. With improvi8u. Gr. anything anywhere;" i. e., if these virtues Gf~,8.. uncs. a h a. Gr.are approved by any deities in the uni222, 3. H. 391. B.. verse. 597. 0 sola miserata. Lit., "O thou 604. Sibi- recti. Gr. 222, R. 3. H. 91, alone having commiserated," = O quae 5. B. 864. sola mirserata es. Gr. 2.4, 3, (a). H. 577. 605. Ferant. Gr. 260, R. 6. H. 488, I. B. 1350. B. 1193. 598. Quae socias nos, &c. = quae vis 607. Dum nontibus, &c. "As long sociare nos,-" who art willing to unite as the shadows shall traverse the convex us."....hteliquias Danaum. See on sides of the mountains." Some understand convexa to mean "' valleys" or " hol599. Omnium. Gr. 213, R. 1, (3). H. lows." Cf. convexo, 310.....Montibus 399, 2, 2). B. 776. limiting lustrabunt = montium limiting 600. Urbe, domo. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. oconvexa. Gr. 211, R. 5. (1). H. 398, 5. 42 P. VIR G IL II MAR O3nrIS "Lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet, "Semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt, " Quae me eumque vocant terrae." Sic fatus, amicum 610 Ilionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum, Post alios, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum. Obstupuit primo adspectu Sidonia Dido, Casu deinde viri tanto, et sic ore locuta est: " Quis te, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus 615 "Insequitur? quae vis immanibus applicat oris? "Tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae "Alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam? "Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire "Finibus expulssm patriis, nova regna petentem 620 "Auxilio Beli; genitor tum Belus opimam "Vastabat Cyprum, et victor dicione tenebat. "Tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis "Trojanae, nomenque tuum, regesque Pelasgi. " Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat, 625 "Seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat. "Quare agite, o tectis, juvenes, succedite nostris. "Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores 608. Pascet. Some ancient philoso- by the savage Libyans.... Oris. Gr. 224 phers supposed the stars to be nourished and R. 4. H. 886, 83. B. 826 and 830. andklept burning by vapors rising through 619. Sidona. Gr. 2387. H. 379. B. 988. the atmosphere from the earth and.sea..... Venire. For the present instead of The Epicurean doctrine was that the stars the perfect infinitive here, see Gr. 268; R. are nourished by fiery particles in the 1, (a). B. 1131. aether itself. The expression of Virgil 620. Finibus. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2. B. probably has reference to the latter. 916....Petentem. Gr. 274, R. 2. 609. uuumn. Gr. 205, Ex. to R. 2. H. 439. 621. Auzxilio. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. B. 656. 873. 610. Quaecumque. Gr. 323, 4, (5). H. 622. Dicione. See on 236. 704, IV. 3. B. 15, 9th. 623. Mlthi. Gr. 225, HI. H. 388, I. B. 611. Dextra, laevaque. Or. 247, 2. 844.... Cognituts (est). Gr. 209, R. 12 (3). H. 414, 3. B. 873. H. 463, I. B. 644. 612. Post -primo. Both adverbs. 625. Ipse; i. e., Teucer...... Hostis. 613. Adspectu, - casu. Gr. 247, 1. H. "Though an enemy."....Insigni lan414, 2. B. 873. de. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873....Ferebat. "Extolled." 614. Casu tanto. " At the so great 626 Se ortum (es) v'olebat. "He misfortune.".....Ore. See on voce, 94. wished (it to -be understood) that he had Such pleonasms are common in classical sprung." As his mother Hesione was a and other ancient writers. daughter of Laomedon and sister of Priam, 615. Nate dea. See on id., 582. Teucer was partly of Trojan origin. 616. Immanibus. Became inhabited 627. Tectis. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826. AENEIDOS LIB. I. 43 "Jactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra: "Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco." - 630 Sic memorat; simul Aenean in regia ducit Tecta, simul divfum templis indicit honorem. *Nec minus interea sociis ad litora mittit Viginti tauros, magnorum horrentia centum Terga ~uum, pingues centum cum matribus agnos, 635 Munera laetitiamque di'i. At domus interior regali splendida luxu Instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis: Arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo, Ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro 640 Fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum Per tot ducta viros antiquae ab origine gentis. Aeneas —neque enim patrius consistere mentemn Passus amror-rapidum ad naves praemittit Achaten, Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumque ad moenia ducat;. 645 Omnis in Ascanio cani stat cura parentis. Munera praeterea, Iliacis erepta ruinis, 629. rVoluit. "Has determined.".... 638. Mediis tectis. "Within the palTerra. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. ace." See on 50i..948.. 639. Vestes (adcunt). " Tapestries (are 630. Mliseris. See on tetis, 627. there)."...Ostro superbo. Gr. 211, R. 631. Simnul - simul. "At the same 6. H. 428. B. 757. time both —and."' 640. Ingens. This probably includes 632. Templis. See on tYerra, 629. both massiveness and abundance.. 633. Sociis. Gr. 2. H. 384. B. 818. Mensis = in meas. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 636. fMunera laetitiamque. In ap- 422, 1, 2). B. 948. position with the accusatives above. "As 642. Ducta. "Traced." The deeds of gifts and enjoyment (i. e., means of enjoy- her ancestors were carved in relief (caeing) of the day."....Dii. Old form for lata) upon vessels of gold. diei. Gr. 90, 2. H. 119, 4. B. 149. 643. Neque enim patrifs amor 637. Interior. Gr. 205, R. 17. H. 441, Pass64 (e8, c. "And (he didathis), for 6. jB. 6i.... Srlendctda gos vwithe the paternal affection did not suffer," &c. subject in construction but with the predi- cate in sense. It may be rendered as an 644. Rapidum. Gr. 205, R. 15. H. 443. adverb, sptendide, although its fall force B. 663. is not thus conveyed. Translate, "The 645. Ferat = ut ferat. Expresses the interior of the house is sumptuously set purpose of praemittit. Gr. 9262. H. 489. B. out with regal magnificence." This antic- 1205. "To report these things (aec);" ipation and expression of an idea before i. e., the incidents that have just transits proper time is called Prolepsis, and is pired. a common figure in poetry...... Luxu. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 878. It limits ptkendida. 647. Ruinis. Gr. 259. H. 425, 2. B. 916. 44 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS Ferre jubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem, Et circumtextum croceo velamen acantho, Ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos illa Mycenis, 650 Pergama quum peteret inconcessosque Hymenaeos, Extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum; Praeterea sceptrum, Ilione quod gesserat olim, Maxima natarum Priami, colloque monile Baccatum, et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam. 655 Haec celerans iter ad naves tendebat Achates. At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia, ut faciem mutatus et ora Cupido Pro dulci Ascanio veniat, donisque furentem Incendat reginam, atque ossibus implicet ignem; 660 Quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosqnue bilingues. Urit atrox Juno, et: sub noctem cura recursat. Ergo his aligerum dictis affatur Amorem: "Nate, meae vires, mea magna potentia solus, "Nate, patris summi qui tela Typhoia temnis, 665 "Ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco. "Frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus omnia circum 648. Signis auroque. By Hendiadys frantic queen," instead of "may inflame for sgnis aureis. "With golden ftgares." and render frantic the queen,"-may inOr. 323, 2, (3). H. 704, H1. 2. B. 1379, 2d.,flame to madness. See on 687. For the case, Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 878. - 660. Ossibus. -Gr. t. H. 386. B. 826. 650. Ornatus. In apposition with pal- 661. " Punic faith' (Punica fides) was at lam afd velamen..... Mycenis. Limits Rome, in Virgil'rs day, a proverbial expresexulerat. See on mruins, 647. Mycenae is sion for treachery.....Domurn. As in here for Greece in general. 284. 651. Quum peteret. Gr. 263, 5, R. 2. 662. 7Urit (earn). Notwithstanding the H. 518, II. 1. B. 1244. The pluperfect ex- assurances of Jupiter, Venus still fearsttlerat is employed in nearly the sense of that the enmity of Juno may incite the the historical perfect. treacherous Carthaginians to injure the.654. Maxima (natu). "The eldest." Trojans. Therefbre, in order to insure Gr. 126, 4, R. 1. H. 168, 3. B. 224, first note. the safety of Aeneas, she determines to.... Collo. Remote object afterferre un- call in the all-powerful aid of love. derstood. Gr. 211, R. 5, N. H. 384, II. B. 665. His dictis. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. 855. B. 873. 655. Gemmis auroque. Gr. 247, 1. 664. Mleae vires, &c. Gr. 204, R. 3. H. H. 414, 2. B. 873. 363, 1. B. 625....Solus; i.e., qui solus es 656. Haec celerans. "Hastening to meae zires, &c. execute these commands." See on 519. 665. Tela 1'yphoia. Called Typhoian 658. Faciem et ora. Gr. 234, II. and because with them Jupiter slew the giant R. 2. H. 380. B. 728. Typhoeus. 659. Donis. With incendat. Gr. 247,3. 667. Ut. "How." Interrogative, as in H. 414, 4. B. 873.... Furentem. Another 466..... Pelago. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, instance of Prolelsis. "May inflame the 2). B. 948. AENEID OS LIB. I. 45 "Litora jactetur odiis Junonis iniquae, "Nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe -dolore. " Hune Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur 670 "Vocibus; et vereor, quo se Junonia vertant " Hospitia; haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum. "Quocirca capere ante dolis:et cingere fiamma "Reginam meditor, ne quo se nutmne mi ut',et, "Sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. 675 " Qua facere id possis- nostram nune acipe:mentem: "Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem " Sidoniam puer ire parat, rnmea:m:a ceura, " Dona ferens, pelago' t -flammjsrrestaitia Trojae; y "Hune ego sopitum somno super alta.Cythera 680 "Aut super Idalium saedrata ede recondam,, "Ne qua scire dolos meadisve oc urrere possit. "Tu faciem illius noctern non alviu unam " Falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue altuis, "Ut, quum te gremio ac aet a iDido 685 668. Jactetu.r. Gr.. H..5. B. 1B' 1182. e qestion depends on accipe.... Odiis. Gr. 247, 1, (2).. H. 414, 2. B.,. 873. 7.: Reg$we puer, mea maxima 669. Nota(sunt) = notumest,bya arek cura; i.e., Ariu......Acitu. Or. construction. Gr. 205, R. 8, (b)....Dos- i 247, 1. H. 414, 2, 3). B. 878. re. Gr. 247,1. H. 414, 2. B. 878. 679. Pelago: etiam ie. -Gr. 255,R. 671. Vocibus. Gr. 247, 8. H;-414, 4. B. 83,(). H. 422,f; R948. Verbs compounded 878..... Quo se, c. ither Jun with re are often thus found with the abhospitality may tend,"-lit., " turn itself." lative. See 126, 358, H, 115, IV. 545, V 99,.... Junonia. Because Juno is the pa- 178, 409, &c. tron goddess of the Carthaginians..... 680. Sopitum someo. "'Lulled in Vertant. See onjactetur, 668. sleep." Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 878. 681. Sede. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). 672. Carne. B. 948. By sacrata sede is meant the tern. 673. Ante. "Beforehand."....Dolis - pie of Venus. flanmma. Or. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 682. Ne qua (ratione), &c. "That he 674. Ne qto, &c. "That she may not may not in any way be able to know," &c. change her feelings (lit., herself) through See on 18.....l lIedius occurrere; i. e., any divine influence."... Numine. Gr. to disconcert my plans. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873. 0 683. Faciem falle. "Counterfeit his 675. Supply ut before teneatur, suggested form."....Noctem amplius. Gr. 236 by the preceding ne.....ecum. "With and 256, R. 6, (b) and (c). 11. 378 and 417, 8. me;" i. e., as I..... Amore. Gr. 248. H. B. 950 and 900. Amplius is in the acc., in 414, 3. B. 873. a sort of apposition with noctem. 676. Qua (ratione). Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. 684. Dolo. Gr. 247,2. H. 414,3. B. 878. B. 873....Possis. Gr. 265. H. 525. B. 685. Gretnio. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826. 46 P. VIR GIL II MfA R ONIS "Regales inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, "Quum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, " Occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno." Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas Exuit, et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli. 690 At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Irrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus illum Floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbra. _ Jamque ibat, dicto parens, et dona Cupido 695 Regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. Quum venit, aulaeis jam se regina superbis Aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit. Jam pater Aeneas et jam Trojana juventus Conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro. 700 Dant manibus famuli lymphas, Cereremque canistris Expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis. 686. Laticem Lyaeum = vinum. 698. Aurea sponda. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 688. Veneno. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414 4. B., 1, 2). B. 948.... Composut - loc 873. vit. Perfect definite tense. Gr. 145, IV. H. 198, 1. B. 1092...lMedsam locavit. 689. Dictis. Gr. 223, R. 2. H. 385. B. H 198 1 B. 10.... Mediam locavit. 831. Dictis. Gk. 223i R. 2. H. 385. B. The triclinium, or table-couch, was arranged on three sides of the table, accord690. Gressu. Limitsincedit. Gr.247, ing to Roman custom. The queen has 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. taken the place of honor in the centre, or 691. Ascanio. Limits irrigat, but = at the' head of the table.' It appears that Ascanii limiting membra. Gr. 211, R. 5. 1. the triclinium often consisted of three disH. 398, 5. B. 871. tinct couches. We should probably understand the queen to occupy exclusively 692. Gremio. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, the upper or central one. 2). B. 948. 700. Strato ostro. For the abl., see 694. Floribus et umbra. Limits 6super in vocabulary. "U Upon the outcmplectitur.'Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. suer in vocabular. "Upon the ot spread purple;" i. e., the couches....Dis-.... Adspirans. "Breathingupon (him cumbitur. "They recline in their respective places,"-lit., "it is reclined (by 695. Dicto. Gr. 223, R. 2. H. 385. B. them)." Gr. 184, 2, (a). Notice the force 831. of die. In all this description Roman cus696. Tyriis = ad Tyriot. Gr. 225, IV. toms are, as usual, in the poet's mind. PR 2. H. 379, 5. B. 837. See urbem, 677.... The practice of reclining at banquets was Achate. Gr. 247,1. H. 414,2. B. 873. Cf. unknown in the heroic age. 275. 701. 7Manibus. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. 697. Venit. Ascertain the tense by.... Cererem = panem. "Bread.".... scanning the line. Gr. 284, Ex. 1.... Az- Canistris expediunt. "They bring laeis superbis. Limits sponda. Gr. forth (or supply) from baskets." Gr. 255, 211, R. 6. H. 428. B. 757. " (Adorned) with R. 3, (b). 422, 2. B. 948. splendid tapestries." 702. Tonsis villis. As aulaeis, 697. AENEIDOS LIB. 1. 47 Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longo Cura penum struere et flammis adolere Penates; Centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri, 705 Qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant. Nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentcs Convenere, toris jussi discumbere pictis. Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum, Flagrantesque dei vultus simulataque verba, 710 Pallamque et pictum croceo velamen acantho. iraecipue infelix, pesti devota futurae, EExpleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo Phoenissa, et pariter -puero donisque movetur. Iile ubi complexu Aeneae colloque pependit, 715 Et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem, Reginam petit. 1Eaec oculis, haec pectore tote Haeret et interdum gfemio fovet, inscia Dido, Gr. 210. H. 862.B: 666.... Struere. "To arrange."....Flammis adolere; i.e., to burn incense upon the altar of the Penates. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. 705. ALiae (familae suent)....Aetate. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. 889. 706. Qui. Gr. 205, R. 2, (1). H. 439, 2. B. 697.... Onerent -ponant. Gr. 264,5. H. 500. B. 15.....Dapibus. Gr. 249. H. 419, 2. B. 911. 707. Nec non et. "And also." Or. 277, R. 4. H. 585. B. 998. A poetical use of the negatives. 708. Toris. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948... Jussi. "Invited." 712. Infelix Phoenissa; i. e., Dido. 713. Mentemn. Gr. 234, IH. H. 380. B. 703. Intus. "In the inner apartment," 728.... Nequit. Gr. 182, R. 3. N. H. 296. where the food was prepared by the ser- B. 416.... Tuendo. Gr. 275, R. 4. H. 566, vants.... Famulae (sunt). Gr. 209, R. 4. I. B. 1340. H. 460, 3. B. 639..... Quibus cura (est). 715. Complexu colloque. "In the " Whose care it is" to, &c. Gr. 227, R. 4. embrace and on the neck." Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 390 and 2. B. 851..... Ordine lonlgo. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. Compare 106, EH. 546, Limits struere. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. and VI. 151. 873. The words refer to the orderly ar- 717. Oculis-pectore. Gr. 247, 2. I. rangement of the various articles of food 414, 8. B. 878. preparatory to their being carried expedi- 718. Haeret. "Clings (to him)." tiously and without confusion into the Grernio. See on 715....Dido. In apbanqueting room. position with haec, to identify it, but may 704. What is the construction of curae be omitted in translation. 48 P. VIRGILII MARONIS Insideat quantus miserae deus. At memor ille Matris Acidaliae, paulatim abolere Sychaeum 720 Incipit, et vivo tentat praevertere amore Jam pridem resides animos desuetaque corda., Postquam prima quies epulis, mensaeque remotae, Crateras magnos statuunt et vina coronant. Fit strepitus tectis, vocemque per ampla volutant 725 Atria; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis Incensi, et noctem flammis funalia vincunt. Hic regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit Implevitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnes A Belo soliti; tum facta silentia tectis: 730 " Jupiter-hospitibus nam te dare jura loquuntur-, "Hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Trojaque profectis "' Esse velis, nostrosque hujus meminisse minores. " Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator, et bona Juno; "Et vos, o, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes." - 735 Dixit, et in mensam laticum libavit honorem, 719. Insideat, &c. " How powerful a On the abl., see Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873. god is resting upon her, wretched one." On the Hendiadys, Or. 323, 2, (b), (3). H. The question depends on inscia. Gr. 265 704, H. 2. B. 1379, 2d. and N. 1. H. 525. B. 1182.... (Sibi) mise- 729. Omnes (orti) a Belo; i. e., all his rae. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826. descendants. Belus is here not Dido's 720. Matris. Gr. 213, R. 1, (3). H. 399, father, but the founder of the line of Ty2, 2). B. 767, 3d, 3....Abolere; i.e., to rian kings. efface the image or memory of. 730. SoEti. Sc. erant implere....'.Fac722. Desueta; i. e., long unaccustomed ta (sunt). to the control of love. 731. HospitTzbus. Used in a general 7q3. Q(uies (fuit) epulis; i. e., after way,-" To all those united by the ties of the feasting was over. Gr. 226. H. 387. B. hospitality-both guests and hosts." The 821.... 7ensaeque remnotae (sunt). See prayer is to Jupiter as the god of hospion 216, above. tality....Nam. Elliptical, as in 65, above. 724. Crateras. Gr. 85, Ex. 2. H. 98. 732. Construe, Vells hure diem esse taeB. 133....'inu coronant; i. e., deck turn &c....Trojaqueprofecfis. "And the wine cups with garland~,-a Roman to those who have come from Troy,"ustom. Cf. m. 528. lit., "to those having set out from.".... Troja. GOr. 255. H. 421, II. B. 941. 725. Tectis. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). 725.. 98Tectis. Or.254,R.3.H.422,1,2). 33. Velis. "Mayitbethy will." Gr. 7B2. -Laqu948 ribus = e u. 260, R. 6. H. 487. B. 1193....Hujus (diei). 726. Laquearibus = e laquearibus. Gr. 216. H. 406, II. B. 788..... 1eminisse. aCf. 223, above. See also Or. 255, R. 3, (a) r. 183, N. 3. H. 297 I2. B. 436.... Minoand (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948. res. " Descendants," both Trojans and 728. lic. Adverb of time....Construe, Tyrians. Pateram gravem gemmis auroque; i. e., a 736. Laticum honorem. It was cusmassive golden patera studded with gems. tomary thus first to pour out a small por AENEIDOS LIB. I. 49 Primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore; Tum Bitiae dedit increpitans; ille impiger hausit Spumantem pateram, et pleno se proluit auro; Post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus Iopas 740 Personat aurata, docuit quem maximus Atlas. Hic canit errantem lunam solisque labores; Unde hominum genus et pecudes; unde imber'et ignes; Arcturum pluviasque 3iyadas geminosque Triones; Quid tantum oceano properent se tinguere soles 745 Hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. Ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur. Nec non et vario noctem sermone trahebat Infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, Multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa; 750 Nunc, quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis, Nunc, quales Diomedis equi, nunc, quantus Achilles. tion of the wire as an offering to the gods. ret tantum, &c.... Oceano. Gr. 254, Laticum, the plur., for the singular. R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948.... Properent. 737. (ionore) libato. Gr. 257, R. 9. H. See on 743. 430. B. 965. "The libation having been 746. Tardis noctibus obstet.'iDemade."..... Summo - ore. Lit., "She tains the slow-coming nights." This retouched (it) as far as the tip of her mouth;" fers to the summer nights which, on aci. e., merely touched it with her lips. count of the length of the days, are slow 738. Increpitans. "Challenging. in coming. The idea of this and the prei. e., inviting him to drink. ceding line is simply, Why the days in 789. Se proluit. "Drenchedhimself;" winter are so short, and in summer so 739. Seproluit. Drenchedhmself; long.....2loctibus. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. i. e., filled himself. Cf. Hor. Serm. i. 5, 16, 16,. prolutus vappa.....Auro. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414,4. B. 873. For the Metonymy, see Gr. 747. Ingeminant plausu. Poetical 324, 2. H. 705, II. for inag. pausum. "Redouble their applause." Pkausu, "with apjlause." Gr. 740. Citharca aurata. " With his 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. M87.:..Sequuntur. golden lyre;" i. e., accompanied by his "Follow (their example)." lyre. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873.... Crinitus. Musicians wore long hair 748. X.ec non et. See above, 707..... in imitation of their patron deity Apollo. Sermone. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. 741. Personat. " Sings in a loud 750. Super. Gr. 235, (3). H. 435, 2. B. voice."....Docuit. Atlas instructed Io- 990. Observe the pleasing arrangement pas in natural science, not in music. of words in this line.?7AZJ rieq, i.,e., Iopas, in distinction 751. Filius Aurorae; i. e., Memnon. from Atlas. See 489.... Venisset. See on 743..... 743. LUnde (sint) hominum, &c. Gr. Armis. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873.'65. H. 525. B. 1182....I gnes. "Light- 752. Diomedis equi (essent); i.e., the:ings.". horses of Rhesus which Diomede carried 745. Construe, Quid hiberni soles prope- off. See 472. 50 P. VIR G IL II MA R O NIS "Imo age, et a prima dic, hospes, origine nobis " Insidias," inquit, " Danauim,,casusque tuorum, 4'" Erroresque tuos; nam te jam septima portat 755 "Omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas." 753. Imo age, &c. "Nay, come, and With this Aeneas begins his narrative in relate to us," &c.....A prima orgine; the next Book. i. e., from the beginning of the successful 755. Septima aestas = septimus an. stratagem by which the city was taken. nus.....Terris et fluctibus. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. LIBER SECUNDUS. ARGUMENT. Aeneas relates to Dido the particulars of the capture of Troy. The Greeks, wearie/ by the length of the siege, devise a stratagem for taking the city. Constructing an enormous wooden horse, they fill it with men, and then set sail as if for home, but go no farther than the island of Tenedos, behind which-they conceal themselves. The rejoicing Trojans issue from the city. Gazing with wonder at the gigantic structure, some urge its reception within the walls, others advise its destruction (1-39). Laocoon counsels the latter (40-56). Stratagem -of Sinoneby which theTrojans'are induced to believe the possession of the horse to be essential to their welfare (57-198). Laocoon and his two sons are destroyed by two serpents (199-227). Regarding this'as an evidence of the will of Heaven, the Trojans introduce the monster within the walls. The succeeding night the Greeks concealed in the horse open the gates of the city and let in the whole Grecian army returned from Tenedos (227-267). Hector appears to Aeneas in a dream and warns him to flee. Aeneas, however, rushes to arms. Meeting the priest, Panthus, he is informed that all is lost, but, collecting a few Trojans, he bravely offers resistance, and is for a time successful (268-85). Assuming the armor of some slain Greeks, his associates are mistaken by the Trojans, and many are killed by their own friends (386-47). Sack of Priam's palace, andnmurder of the king'(438-558). Aeneas, returning home to rescue his father and wife, is prevented from killing Helen by the intervention of his mother, Venus, who informs him that it is the gods who are overthrowing the city (559-633). Anchises at first refuses to leave the city, but at last, influenced by heavenly signs, consents (634-704). Departure of Aeneas and loss of his wife, Creusa (705-746). Returning to seek her, he finds the city wholly occupied by the Greeks. The ghost of Creusa appears to him and consoles him (747-795). Returning to his companions he takes up his father and seeks the mountains. _ =~; - - - - - - - - - - PLAIN OF TROY-FROM TENEDOS.; LIBER SECOUNDUS. CoNrIcUERE omnes, intentique ora tenebant. Inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto: "Infandum, Regina, jubes renovare dolorem, Trojanas ut opes et lamentabile regnum Eruerint Daaai; quaeque ipse miserrima vidi, 5 Et quorum pars magna fui. Quis talia fando Myrmidonum Dolopumve aut duri miles IJlixi 1. Conticuere - tenebant. Observe "(By narrating) how." The idea of narthe difference of tense-the perfect denot- rando is, however, involved in renovare ing a momentary, completed action, and dolorem. the imperfect a continued one.... Inten- 5. Construe, (narrando) que (ea) miserti. " In deep attention...... Ors tene- rima quae, &c. For this codrdinate use bant. "'IKept their eyes (fixed upon of clauses and nouns as objects of the him)." same verb, cf. I. 742. 2. Alto, Banquteting couches were generally high, especially the more splen- 6. Et - fui; i. e., in which I acted a did ones. conspicuous part....Fando. "While re3i. Jubes (me) renoFlare. Gr. 273, 2, lating." This use of the abl. of the ge(d). H. 551, II. 1. B. 1203.- Cf. I. 648;. rund for the pres. act. participle is rare. 37; III. 14, 472. Gr. 275, R. 4, N. 2. H. 566, 3. 4. Ut. Supply narrando before this.' 7. Mt iles. Repeat quis with this word. 54 P. VIR G ILII MAR O IS Temperet a lacrimis? et jam nox humida coelo Praecipitat, suadentque cadentia sidera somnos. Sed si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros 10 Et breviter Trojae supremum audire laborem, Quamquam animus meminisse horret, luctuque refugit, Incipiam. Fracti bello fatisque repulsi Ductores Danatitm, tot jam labentibus annis, Instar montis equum divina Palladis arte 15 Aedificant, sectaque intexunt abiete costas; Votum pro reditu simulant; ea fama vagatur. Huc delecta viruim sortiti corpora furtim Includunt caeco lateri, penitusque cavernas Ingentes uterumque armato milite complent. 20 Est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama Insula, dives opum, Priami dum regna manebant, Nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida caxinis; 8. Temperet (sibi). "Could refrain."' dis arte. "(Assisted) by the divine skill For the mood, see Gr. 260, R. 5. H. 486, II. of Pallas." The Greeks, according to B. 1180. Homer, were indebted to Minerva for 9. Praecipitat (se). Night is personi- both the suggestion and execution of the fled. Having passed the zenith in her stratagem. chariot, she is now rushing down to the 16. Secta abiete. "With cut fir;" ocean.....Cadentia. "Sinking," likd i.e., planks of fir. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. Nox, not setting. The time is a little after B. 873. midnight. lO. Amor. "Desire." Sc~ midnight. ~?17. Votum (esse). "That it has been.... vowed." Votum may also be regarded as Cognosere - audire. A Graecism for Cognosere - audirend. A Gr25aecism for a noun, the subject or esse....Pro reeognoscendi-audiendi. Gr. 275, m. R. 1, ditu. "For their (safe) return." (1) and N. 1. H. 563, 6. B. 1331. 12. igeminisse. Gr. 271, N. 1. H. 552. 18. Construe, Hue, caeco lateri, incluB. 11489..... Luctuque refugit. "And dunt furtim delecta corpora virum, sortiti has recoiled (from it) through grief." This (ea)....Huc; i. e., into the horse. Notice aoristic use of the perfect finely denotes the two ideas of motion and of rest in huc an instantaneous shrinking of Aeneas' mind from the task. The perf. and pres. would be, "They bring hither and shut are occasionally thus found united else- ip."....Sortiti. "Havingselected (them) where. by lot." 13. Fatis repulsi. The fates had de- 19. Lateri. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826.... creed that Troy should not be taken until Penitus. "Completely." Join with after a nine years' siege. complent. 14. Labentibus. Gr. 145, I. 2. H. 467, 21. In conspectu; i.e., "in sight" of 2. B. 1083. Troy. 15. Tnstar, &c. Construe, Aedificant 22. Opum. "In wealth." See on I. equum instar mantis, &c. Instar is in ap- 14. position with equum.... Divina Palla- 23. Sinus. Sc. est. AENEID OS LIB. II. 55 Hue se provecti deserto in litore condunt. Nos abiisse rati et vento petiisse Mycenas. 25 Ergo omnis longo solvit se Teucria luctu. Panduntur portae; juvat ire et Dorica castra Desertosque videre locos litusque relictum. Hic Dolopum manius, hic saevus tendebat Achilles; Classibus hic locus, hic acie certare solebant. 30. Pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae, Et molem mirantur equi; primusque Thymoetes Ducl intra muros hortatur et arce locari, Sive dolo, seu jam Trojae sic fata ferebant. At Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti, 35 Aut pelago Danafim insidias suspectaque dona Praecipitare jubent, subjectisque urere flammis, Aut terebrare cavas uteri et-tentare latebrias. X Scinditur incertum studia in contragia vulgus. Primus ibi ante omnes, magna comitante caterva, 40 31. Pars stupet - mirantu'r. Gr. 209, R. 11, (2). H. 461, 1. B. 649.... Donum 2Miinervae. " The gift of Minerva;" i.e., offered to Minerva. An objective genitive. 338. Duci = ut ducatur. Gr. 273, 2 and (b). H. 558 VI. 3. B. 1153. So also locari = ut locer'....A.'ce. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 34. Dolo. The wife and child of Thymoetes had been slain by Priam; hence there was reason for suspecting treachery. See Class. Dict.... Seu, &ic. " Or (because) the destinies of Troy now so directed,"lit., " so brought (it)." 35. Construe, et (illi) menti quorum (erat) melior sententia. Lit., "and they minRsva. to whose mind there was," &c. Gr. 226. 24. Provecti hue concdunt se, &;c. H. 387. B. 821. "Having sailed hither," &c. 36. Pelago = in pelagus. Gr. 225, IV. 25. Nos (eos) abiisse rati (sumus)... R. 2. H. 379, 5. B. 837. lWycenas. Used for Greece in general. 37. Praecipitare jubent. Gr. 273, 26. Leuctu. Gr. 251. H. 425, 2, 2). B. 916. 2, (d). H. 551, II. 1 and 2. B. 1203.... Que. 29. Manus Sc. erat. Some advise the destruction, others the 30. Classibus. Gr. 211, R. 5 and N. examination of the horse. Of the former, H. 398, 5. B. 871... Locus (erat). Refers some would cast it into the sea and others. to the place where the Grecian vessels had would burn it. Hence the propriety of been drawn up on the shore.... Acie = in que instead of ve. acde. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873....Sole- 40. Ante omne'; i.e., of those debant; i. e., both Greeks and Trojans. scending from the citadel. 56 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce, Et procul: "0 miseri, quae tanta insania, cives? " Creditis avectos hostes? aut ulla putatis "Dona carere dolls Danaim? sic notus Ulixes? "Aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi, 45 "Aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros "Inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi, "Aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri. " Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes." Sic fatus, validis ingentem viribus hastam 50 In latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvum Contorsit. Stetit illa tremens, uteroque recusso Insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae; Et, si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset, Impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras, 55 Trojaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta, maneres. Ecce, manus juvenem interea post terga revinctum Pastores magno ad regem clamore trahebant Dardanidae, qui se ignotuim venientibus ultro, 41. Ab summa arce. "From the pagibus. "Curved out with joints." top of the citadel." Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873. 42. Bt procul (clamat).... Insania 52. Illa; i. e., the spear. (est ista).. 53. Gem-itum. Refers merely to the 43. Avectos (esse). hollow sound. 44. Dolis. Gr. 250, 2, (2). H. 419, mI. 54. Si fata, &c. "If the decrees of B. 907-9....Notus (est vobis). the gods had not been unpropitious, if-our 45. Ligno. See on 19. minds had not been infatuated." There 47. Inspectura - venztura. Gr. 274, is a zeugma in laeva which obliges us to R. 6, (a). H. 578, V. B. 1214, (5).... Desu- translate it by differeat words with the per urbi = desuper in urbem. "Into the different subjects. city from above." See on pelago, 36, 55. Impulerat. Instead of impuisset above. In writing this and the preceding to express the idea in a more lively and line Virgil had in mind the movable siege- positive way. Render literally, "He had towers of a later period. induced us." Gr. 259, R. 4, (b). H. 511, 48. Aliquis - alius quis. "Some II. 2. other......Equo. Gr. 223, R. 2. HL 385. 57. Construe, Ecce interea Dardanidae B. 831. pastores trahebant, &c.... lranus re49. Q uidquid est. See on I. 387.... vinetum. Gr. 234, II. and R. 2. H. 380. Et. "Even."..... Dona. " Gifts" to B. 728. whom? Was the horse a gift to the Tro- 59. Construe, qui ultro obtulerat se ignojans, or to Minerva, or to both? turnm venientibus. An entire stranger to 51. In latus inque alvurn. The them, he had purposely put himself in spear not only penetrated the wooden their way as they were coming to the city. framework of the side, but it also went....(Illis) venientibus. Limits obtuleinto the inner cavity.... CurvarnL com- rat. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826. A NEID OS LIB. II. 57 Hoc ipsum ut strueret Trojamque aperiret Achivis, 60 Obtulerat, fidens animi atque in utrumque paratus, Seu versare dolos, seu certae occumbere morti. Undique visendi studio Trojana juventus Circumfusa ruit, certantque illudere capto. Accipe nunc Danaum insidias, et crimine ab uno 65 Disce omnes. Namque ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis, Constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit: " Heu, quae nunc tellus," inquit, "quae me aequora possunt " Accipere? aut quid jam misero mihi denique restat, 70 "Cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et.super ipsi "Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt?" Quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis Impetus. Hortamur fari, quo sanguine cretus, Quidve ferat;.memoret, quae sit fiducia capto. 75 Ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur: " Cuncta equidem tibi, Rex, fuerit quodcumque, fatebor 60..H[oc ipsum. "This very thing;" whole relation is in the highest degree i. e., be brought before the king and ques- artful and ingenious. tioned. 71. Super. "Moreover;" as in 1. 29. 61. Fidens animi. "Resolute in 72. Poenas cunc sanguine (= poenas spirit." Gr. 213, R. 1, (2). H. 399, 3, 4). B. sanguineas) poseunt; i. e., they demand 779....In utrumque. "For either (re- my life as that of an enenWn sult)." Referring to the alternatives in 73. Quo. Gr. 206, (17). H. 453. B. 701, the following line. Gr. 205, R. 7, (2). H. 2d..... Conversi (sunt) - comnpressus 441. B. 658. (est)....Et. In prose this would be before 62. The infinitives may be regarded as compressus. nouns in apposition with utrumque.... 74. Quo sanguine. Gr. 246. H. 425, Morti. Gr. 224. H. 886. B. 826. 3, 1). B. 918.... Cretus (sit) - ferat. Gr. 64. Circumfusa rzuit. "Rush 265. H.525. B.1182. thronging around (him)."....Certant. 75. Quid ferat; i.e., what he has to For the change of number, see on 31, communicate.... (Ut) menoret. "That above.... Capto. See on morti, 62. he declare." Depends on hortamur, which 65. C(rimine ab uno disce omnes. is followed by an infinitive, as in the preFreely, "From one example of treachery ceding line, or by a subjunctive. Gr. 273, learn to know all the Creeks;" i. e., from 2 and (b). H. 558, VI. and 3. B. 1203. For the treachery of one judge of them all. the omission of ut, see Gr. 262, R. 4. H. Ab uno crimine = a crimine unius. 498, 2. B. 1203.... Quae sit fiducia (sii) 67. Ut. "As." capto;. i.e., what ground of confidence 69. Bieu. Sinon first seeks to obtain led him to spontaneously give himself up, the compassion and confidence of the what his hopes of mercy are based upon. Trojans. He appears to be in despair. For the dat., see Gr. 226. H. 387. B. 821. There is no place of safety (locus) for him 76. Formidine. This of course was among the Greeks, whose vessels swarm wholly feigned. upon the sea, and his enemies, the Tro- 77. Fuerit quodcumque. "Whatjans, are in possession of the land. His ever shall be (the result);" i.e., to me. 58 P. VIR GILII MARONIS "Vera," inquit; "neque me Argolica de gente negabo; "Hoc primum; nec, si miserum Fortuna Sinonem " Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque i mprQba finget. 80 "Fando aliquod si forte tuas pervenit ad aures " Belidae nomen Palamedis et inclyta fama "Gloria, quem falsa sub proditione Pelasgi" Insontem.infando indicio, quia, bella vetabat, X " Demisere neci, nune cassum lumine lugent: 85 " Illi me comitem et consanguinitate propinquum "Pauper in arma pater primis hue misit ab annis. "Dum stabat regno incolumis regumque vigebat "Conciliis, et.nos aliquod nomenque decusque "Gessimus. Invidia postquam pellacis Ulixi- 90 "Haud ignota loquor-superis concessit ab oris,'- Afflietus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam, "Et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici. The future perfect is here for the future. 85. Liumine; i.e., the light of life. Gr. Gr. 259, R. 1, (5). See also R. 4, (3). H. 250, 2, (1). I. 419, II. B. 777, d. 473, 1. B. 1099. 86. The apodosis begins here.'In case 78. Vera. "Truly." Best rendered by you ever heard of Palamedes, I was his an adverb, as it adheres tofatebor. Notice companion in arms and near kinsman.' the emphatic position of cuncta and vera. Ill1 logically limits comitem, but is gram-....me. Sc. esse. matically dependent on misit. Gr. 211, R. 79. Hoe primum. Scfateor.... Nec, 5. H. 398, 5. B. 871. Observe the emphasis &c. "Nor, if Fortune has made Sinon of illi. miserable, will she shamelessly make him 87. Pauper. (Being) poor." The also unreliable and deceitful." term is intended to excite compassion.... 80. Improba. This word strictly be- IIn arma = in bellum, "to thewar.. longs only to the second clause, and Primis ab annis = ab initio bei. should not be joined with Fortuna. It can therefore be best rendered into En- 88. Regno. "In his royal dignity." glish as an adverb. See on I. 268...... igebat concilis. 81. Fando. Abl. of means. Gr. 275, "Had influence in the councils;" i. e., of m. R. 4. H. 566, I. B. 1340. " By report," the Grecian leaders (regum) who held freor rumor..Aliquod noen " quent military councils, as we learn from or "rumor."-.....Aliquod rnomen. "Any I Homer. mention." me* ion. I -89. t nos. "I also."....Oue -que. 82. Inclyta fama. " (Rendered) il-. Et no. iIR. (e). B. 1375. Gr. 198, HI. R. (e). B. 1875. lustrious by fame." 84. Infando indicio. The "i 3mpious 91. -laudc ignota. Sinon supposes the story well known to the Trojans, as, inevidence" was a forged letter and a sum story well known to the Trojans, as, inof money, both secreted' in his tent by deed, itdoubtlessws. Observethroghout the recital the artful union of truth Ulysses, to prove his correspondence with out the recital the artful union For the the enemy and secure his destruction. On the discovery of these Palamedes was stoned to death by the Greeks....Bella 92. Afflictus. "lDashed down (from vetabat; i.e., advised the Greeks to my prosperity)."....Iq1 tenebris. "In abandon the siege. obscurity." AENEID OS LIB. II. 59 "Nec tacui demens, et me, fors si qua tulisset, "Si patrios umquam remeassem victor ad Argos, 9i "Promisi ultorem, et verbis odia aspera movi. - ine mihi prima mali labes, hine semper Ulixes "Criminibus terrere novis, hiwe spargere voces "In vulgum ambiguas, et-quaerere conscius arma. "Nec requievit enim, donec Calchante ministro- 100 "Sed quid ego haec autem nequidquam ingrata revolvo? " Quidve moror, si omnes uno ordine habetis Achivos, "Idque audire sat est? -Jamdudum sumite poenas; "Hoc Ithacus-velit, et magno mercentur Atridae." Tum vero ardemus scitari et quaerere causas, 105 Ignari scelerum tantorum artisque Pelasgae. >-Prosequitur pavitans, et ficto pectore fatur: "Saepe fugam Danai Troja cupiere relicta "Moliri et longo fessi discedere bello; "Fecissentque utinam! Saepe illos aspera ponti 110. " Interclusit hiems, et terruit Austerieuntes. " Praecipue, quum jam hic trabibus contextus acernis 94. Me.'Construe, Promisi me utotem, 102. oro. Sc. Vos. &c. Fore may be understood after me.... 103. Id;, 1 e., that I am a Greek.... T1ulisset. "' Should'bring (it about)." Or. JTamdudutn. "Instantly.' A poetal 266, 2, R. 4. H. 533, 4. B. 1296. use of the term without logical congruity; 95. Argos =- Graeciam. Euboea was the idea being that the Trojans have losg his native place. since had the right to.punish. 96. Odia; i. e., of Ulysses. 104. Velit - mercentur. " Will donbt97. Hinc. "From this time." Some less wish," &c. Gr. 260, R. 4. H. 48, I. render it " from this cause," but the pres- and 2. B. 1177....Mall no. Gr. 2!i R. 3. ence of semper seems to support the other H. 416. B. 886. interpretation. 107. Prosequitur. "Proceeds." Used 98. The three infinitives are historical. here absolutely, as perhaps nowhere else. Gr. 209, R. - aad N. H. 545,1. B. 11.7.....Ficto pectore. Gr. 247,2. H. 414,3. 99. Qsuaerere consctus arma. "Was B. 873. seeking, in league with accomplices, 109. ifoiirt = parare, with the addimeans fobr my ruin." This appears to be tional idea of effort to overcome the diffithe most probable meaning, but the pas- culties of flight. See on I. 563.....Beleo. sage is very perplexing. Join with festi. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 100. For the aposiopesis, see on I. 135. 873. Sinon ha" said enough to excite curiosity, 110. Fecissent (id). Gr. 268. H. 488, 1 and then abruptly breaks off. and 2. B. 1198... Saepe. "(As) often;" 101. Sed autem. This combination is refbrring to saepeiabove. found nowhere lse in Virgil,' but is fre- 111.'Euntes. "'When on the point of quent among comic writers. The second departing," Gr. 274, R. 1. adversative seems merely to' add empha- 112. Acernis. In verse 16 it was pine; sis, —"But indeed," or "bit however." it is hereafter spoken of as oak, not, as... Ingrata; i. e., to Sinon. Conington justly remarks, "from confa 60 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS >" Staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi. "Suspensi Eurypylum scitantem oracula Phoebi "Mittimus, isque adytis haec tristia dicta reportat: 115 "'Sanguine pljaeastis ventos et virgine caesa, "'Quum primum Iliacas, Danai, venistis ad oras; "'Sanguine quaerendi reditus, animaque litandum "'Argolica.' Vulgi quae vox ut venit ad aures, " Obstupuere animi, gelidusque per ima cucurrit 120 "Ossa tremorrcui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo. "Hie Ithacus vatem magno Calchanta tumultu "Protrahit in medios; quae sint ea numina divufm, " Flagitat. Et mihi jam multi crudele canebant -" Artificis scelus, et taciti ventura videbant. 125 "Bis quinos: silet ille dies,-tectusque recusat "Prodere voce sua quemquam ant opponere morti. sion or forgetfalness, but as an assertion of the poet's privilege to represent, in as many ways as he pleased2 the general no- / tion of wood." There are very many other instances in the poem in which i specific terms are used in the sense of generic. 113. Staret. Gr. 263, 5, R. 2. H. 518,.11. 1. B. 1244. 114. Scitantem. "To consult." See on orantes, I. 519. 115. Adytis. See on L 679. 116. Sangmine et virgine eaesa. A hendiadys. See on I. 61... Placastis = ptacavitis. Gr. 162, 7. H1.234. B. 315. The ULYSSES. allusion is to the sacrifice of Iphigenia, the daughter of Agamemnon, at Aulis, 122. Hic. See on I. 8.....Magno tumultu. Said of Ulysses, not of the where the Grecian chiefs had assembled before sailing for Troy. See Class. Dict. multitude. Cf. Ithac clamoribus,belor 12. 118. Qtuaerendi (sntg) - -ita~ndum s123. Protrahit. Calchas pretends re(est). The latter is impersonal. Gr. 274, luctance. Cf.'100 and 129.... Quae sicit, 8 and R. 11,. H. 229 and 301, 2. B. 1305,ff. &c.; i. e., what is the will of Apollo, who 119. Quae. See on quo, 73...... t. is the person indicated. "When.".... enit. For the tense, see 124. F a gf i t a t. " Vehemently deon I. 216. mands;" in keeping with magno tumultu. 121. Cui fata parent. "For whom 125. Artificeis. "Of the artful plotter." the fates ordain (death)." This indirect... Taeiti. After privately warning him -question depends on something like metu- they awaited the result in silence, through entium implied in tremor. The object of fear of Ulysses. parent is easily supplied from the preced, 126. Bis quinos. Gr. 120, 4, (a). H. ing sentence, 118....Poscat; i. e., fof 174, 2, 4). B. 209.... Tectus. "Concealed the sacrifice. (in his tent)." AE.NEIDOS LIB. II. 61 "Vix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus actus, -" Composito rumpit vocem et me destinat arae. "Assensere omnes, et, quae sibi quisque timebat, 130 " Unius in miseri exitium conversa tulere. x "Jamque dies infanda aderat; mihi sacra.parari, "Et salsae fruges, et circum tempora -vittae. "Eripui, fateor, leto me et vincula rupi, "Limosoque ]acu per noctem obscurus in ulva 135 " Delitui, dum vela, darent si forte, dedissent. " Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes- ulla videndi, " Nec dulces natos exoptat:nmqu-e parentem;' Quos illi fors et poenas:obb nostra reposwcent; "Effugia, et culpam hane-miserorur morte piabunt. 140 A' Quod te per superos et cns/iWa~numinn a veri, "Per, si qua est, quae restft adh-Luc mortalibi-s usquam, "Intemerastl' fies, oro, miserere laborum "Tantorum'; miserere animi fion digna ferentis." His lacrimis vitan damu, et misereseimus ultro. 145 Ipse viro primus m aniaeas atque ar lvari Vincla jubet Priamus dictisqtie ita Patur-amicis: 129. Composito = ex compos (s. or- ( ),...Darent si forte; i.e., should do dine). "By agreement;" i. e., with Ulys- t without having made the sacrifice enses. Gr. 205, R. 7. (2), N. 2. H. 441, 3. joinedfby the oracle. B. 658. 13. Spes videndi Sc. est. For the 131. Construe, Tulere (ea) conversa (= genitive, see Gr.. i. R.... B earum rerum conversionem) in exitium 1327. unius miseri, quae, &c. Or. 274, R. 5, (a). 139..uos -poenas. Gr. 231 and R. 1. H. 580. B. 1357.. 374 and 2,2). B. 736.... Et.:; etiam, not 132. Para'ri. "Were being prepared," correlative with et in 140. -historical inflnitive. 141.' Quod. "Wherefore." Gr. 232, (3) 133. Salsaef Puges = moa salsa; i. e., and N. 2. H. 880, 2. B. 731. "the salted meal," grain pounded and mixed with salt, used to throw upon the 142. Per. the clause following is the sacrifice. A Roman custom is here attri- object of the preposition, but in so tTans. sacrific e. A Roman custom is here attributed to the G~reeks.... a. V In Ro- lating it the,English idiom does not perman usage these adorned the heads of. mit a literal rendering of si qua. " bothsaprieste adoned vctim h whatever (si qua) pure faith there is still both priests and victims. 134. Fateor. As if it were an impious remaining" (quae stet adhu), &..... u estet. Gr. 264, 6. H. 501. B. 1227. act thus to escape.'t5. Obseurus in uva. "Screened 143. Laborum-animi. For the case, from view in the sedge;" showing more see Gr. 215. H. 406, I. B. 783. particularly the means of concealment in 145. His laerimis. Gr. 247,1. H. 414, the marsh, 2. B. 873.... Ultro, "Besides."'136. Dum vela dedissent. "Until 146. Viro. Probablyadative. Gr.228 they should have set sail." Gr. 260, R. 7, H. 384. B. 818. 62 P. VIRGIL II MAR ONIS " Quisquis es, amissos hinc jam obliviscere Graios; "Noster eris, mihique haec edisseie vera roganti: 149 "Quo molem hane immanis equi statuere? quis auctor? "Quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli?"' Dixerat. Ille, dolis instructus et arte Pelasga, Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas: "Vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum "Testor numen," ait, "vos, arae ensesque nefandi, 155 "Quos fugi, vittaeque deuim, quas hostia egssi: "Fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura, "Fas odisse viros, atque omnia ferre sub auras, "Si qua tegunt; teneor patriae nec legibus ullis. "Tu modo promissis maneas, servataque serves, 160 "Troja, fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam. — " Omnis spes Danami et coepti fiducia belli "Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. Impius ex quo "Tydides sed enim sceleramque inventor Ulixes, " Fatale aggressi sacrato avelle* templ1 165 "Palladium, caesis summae custodibus arcis, "Corripuere sacramn effigiem, manibusque cruentis'"Virgineas ausi divae e ontingere vittas; 148. Amissos obiMvsceere Gralos. 161. Feram - -rependaw. Futures. "Let the Greeks go and forget (them);" | See on 159. amizto in primary meaning. See onwI. 69. 162. Coepti fiducia belli. "'ConfiFor the case, see Gr. 216. H. 406-7. B. 789. dence in the undertaking of the war;" 149. Vera. "Truthfully." See on 78. i. e., the confidence with which they be150. QuO. *' For what purpose.".... gan it. Gr. 274, R. 5, (a). H. 580. B.1357. atuctor. "Adviser." See on 131. 151. Quae reitgio (est). "W'at is the 163. AuXciliis stetit. "Stood (or was eUigious object?".... Aut = "or[ (if not kept up) by the aid." Gr. 247, 1. H. 414. 2. that)." B. 875.... Ex quo (tempore).'Correla154. Aeter"i igwns; i.e., the sun, tive to ex//o (tempore), 169. Together= moon, and stars. i" after." 157. JFas (est).... Sacrata.Jura., Re- 164. Sed eninz. See on I. 19. ferring to the military oath. 165.Fata. So called because the 165. Fata~ e. So called because the 159. Si qua tegunt. " If they conceal 1 destiny of Troy depended on its preservaany." Notice the mood, which implies tion.....Aqgressi avellere. "-Having that there are secrets to disclose. Gr. 259, undertaken to tear away." The Palladium N. H. 474, 1, 3). B. 1262. was chained to the wall of the temple. 160. Construe, Thu, Troja, &c.....Pro- The Greeks having ascertained its importms {sis = in promissis, in prose. Gr. tance, Diomede and Ulysses secretly effect254, R.-3. ME. 422, 1, 2). B. 948.... lManeas. ed an entrance into the city and carried oft Gr. 260, iL6. H. 488. B. 1193. Stare is more the image. common with promissis. I 168. Ausi. Sc. sunt. AENEIDOS LIB. II. 63 "Ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri "Spes Danafim, fractae vires, aversa deae mens. 170 "Nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris: "Vix positum castris simulacrum; arsere coruscae "Luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus "Sudor iit, terque ipsa solo-mirabile dictu"Emicuit, parmamque ferens hastamqne trementem. 175 "Extemp1I tentanda fuga canit aequora.Calchas, "Nee posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis,. "Omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant, "Quod pelago et curvif;secu:m avexere carinis. "Et nunc, quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas, 180 "Arma deosque parat eoinites, pelagoque remenso " Improvisi adermu.t., It digerit omin:a C allhas. "i Hane pro Palla4Io, monii, pro nlumine -aeso "Effigiem stet,:nee, uUae triste piaret. "Hanc tame!:t ~' hea astollere'molem 185 "Roboribus ekXti/ coelqae:edUcere jU, 169. Fluere - referri. Historical in- to the custom with Roman commanders finitives. From.what this metapihor was: of retrning to the city for new auspices, drawn it is difficult to decide; perhaps in case ain evil omen occurred.....Argis. from a ship gliding down stream after the Gr. -254. H. 421, II. DB. 1%....Numen; oars have ceased to propel it against the i. e., the Palladium. current. 1 9. Avenere. "Have (just now) car170. Fractae. Sc. unt..... Aer s ried away." The oratio dtirecta, this line (es80. "Was alienated." being the thought and language of Shmon 171. Ba signa=-ejus re signa. " To- again. kens of this;" i.e., of the aversa mens. 180. Quod. "Inasmuch- as," or "that." For this use of the demonstrative, cf. III. i Gr. 278, 6, (a). H. 554', IV. last part. 505 and IV. 237.. ost (eat). s some- 181. Parant; i. e., they go to prepare. 172. Vix positu~t (erat). Vix is some- t ~188. Construe, M(oniti (i.e., by Calcha) times, as here, followed by a clause with-. Construe, 3tti (i. e., by Calch).. out any connecting particle, sometimes by at clause with que or et,but more frequiently account of;" i. e., in the sense of'to make amends for the offense to,' —better than by a clanuse with quum, a connective whieh amends for the offense to,'-better than may be here supplied with arsere. Cf. H. in place of." (i92 and III. 90.... Castris. Gr. 254, R. 3. 184. Quae piret. Gr. 264, 5. H. 500. H. 422,, 2). B. 948. B. 1214, (2).' 173.'Lumiwnibus arreatis.. "From 185. So far the reason for constructing her fiercey staring (lit., raised) eyes." the image; now the reason for its aston174. Iper; Ife.;-tIe.:Image itself as a isig size.'Immensam. " Of vast bulk;" whole..-. So4w. H. 4 1. B. 993. ae tic and to be rendered'witht attoi-... a.*tlrabi,ie deSic. seenI. -1. l. 17. Eae."lo. Withi canit.....Ten- 186. loboribus. Limits attoere, by ta7da. Sc.esse.... Canit. "Announces." Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873.... Coelo. Or. 178. Repetant. There is' an allusion 225, IV. R. 2. H. 379, 5. B. 837. 64: P. VIR G ILII MA R ONIS?" Ne recipi portis aut duci in moepia possit, "Neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri. "Nam si vestra man as violasset dona Minervae, <' Tum magnum exitium-quod di prius omen in ipsum 190 " Convertant!-Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum; "Sin manibus vestris vestram adscendisset in urbem, "Ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello "Venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes." Talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis' 195 Credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis, Quos neque Tydides, nec Larissaeus Achilles, Non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae. Hic aliud majus miseris multoque tremendum Objicitur magis, atque improvida pectora turbat. 200 Laocoon, ductus -Neptuno sorte sacerdos,' Solemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per altaHorresco referens-immensis orbibus angues Incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad litora tendunt: / 205 Pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta jubaeque Sanguineae supprant undas; pars cetera pontum,187; Possit instead of, posset, after jus- "Another event." Gr. 205, R. 7, (2) and it, a hist. perf., because Sinon, not Cal- (3). H. 441. B. 658.....Miseris. Sc. noqbs. chas, gives the reason. 200. InLprovida. Simply "thought188. Antiqua sub religione. "Un- less," or "blind," in a general sense. der their former worship',". The horse it 201. Laocoon vwas a priest of Apollo, received into the city would prove a new chosen on this occasion, for some unPalladium to the Trojans. known reason, to'offer sacrifice to Nep189. Violasset. Oratio obliqua. Gr. tune... Neptuno. Gr. 211, R. 5. H. 398, 96, 2, R. 4. H. 533; 4. B. 1t96. The con- 5. B. 871. struction depends on dixit implied injus- 203. Construe, Autem ecce, gemini an*, 180. gues, immensis orbibus,-horresco referens, 190. Omen - "ruin." By metonymy -(venientes) a Tenedo, incumbunt pelago the sign for the thing signified. per tranquiUa alta.... Gemini. See on 191. Futurum (essek Gr. 266, 2. H.. 16 530, I. B. 1296, A. 204. Inzm ensis orbibuts. Gr. 211, R.'193. Ultro. "Voluntarily." 6. H. 48. B. 888. 194. Venturam (esse)...... Ea fatac 205. Ineumbunt, &c. Lit., "they rest i- the magnlum exitiumn of verse b190o.'heavily upon the sea along the tranquil waters." Incumbunt, however, gets a no196. (redita es.... C.. (apti (sumus). tion of movement from the context, and 198. XiZUe. A round number for 1186, maybe more freelyrendered "bear along," the sum in Homer. or "swim." For the case of pelago, see 199. Hic. See on I. 7.... i.41 ind.: on I. 84.... Tendunt. See on I. 205. AENEID OS LIB. 11. 65, Pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga; Fit s6nitus spumante salo. Jamque arva tenebant, Ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni, 210 Sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora. Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo Laocoonta petuni; et pritnum parva duorum Corpora natorum serpens amplexus utdrqne Implicat, et miseros morsu depascitur artns; 215 Post ipsum, auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem, Corripiunt, spirisque ligar.t izngentibus; et jam Bis medium amplexi, bis ce6l-Osqiuamea circum Terga dati, superant capite 4 ceivicibus altis. Ille simul manibus tenditAivellere.iodos, 220.Perfusus sanie ittas atroque n-eneno, Clamores simul horrendos adilera tollit:. Quales mugitus, fugit quium suoius arami Taurus et incertam excussit; cerice securim. At gemini lapsu delubira iad summa draones 225 208. Volumine. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. Translate as plural. 209. Spumante salo. Gr.'248. H,:;: 4. B. 873. 210. Oculos. See on I. 228. 212. Agmine certo. "In undevatig course.': 215. Morsu depaseitwr. Lit.," feeds, upon with its bite:;" i. e.," devours." 216. Post = postea...... Ipsum; i.e., Laocoon.... Auuxilio su-bessntem.; "Coming up to their aid." For the dative, see Gr. 227, R.2. ]2. 890, 2 B. 853. 218. Medium. Sc. eum. Lit., "the middle part of him,"-more freely,' his waist." Gr. 205, R. 17. H. 441, 6. B. 6M2..... Collo. Dative. Gr. 249, I. R. 3. H. 384, II. 1. B. 859.... Cireum - dati. Trmesis. Gr. 323, 4, (5). H. 704, IV. 3. B. 15, 9th. EOCOON. 219. Capite et cervicibus. Gr. 256, R. 16, and (3). H. 418 and I. B. 929. 225. Lapsu. Join with efugiunt. Gr: 220. Simul - simul. See on L 631. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873....Delubra sute221. Vittas.. See on oculos I 228.. ma. "The lofty (lit., loftiest) shrine." 228. The natural prose order would be The same as Trttonidis arcera in the next quales mugitus taurus tolit, quum, &c. line, and meaning simply the temple of Tales mugitus Laocoon tollit is of course Minerva, which was situated on the highest understood as the antecedent of quales, part of the arx or Acropolis. What was &c. Carefully compare on I. 430 and 316. the arx of an ancient city? Give an ex-.... Fugit.. What tense by scanning? I ample. 66 P. VIR GILII MAR O NIS Effugiunt, saevaeque petmint Tritonidis arcem, Sub pedibusque.deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur. Tum vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctis Insinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse merentem Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur 230 Laeserit.et tergo sceleratam intors'erit hastam. Ducendum ad sedes simulacrum orandaque divae Numina conclamant. Dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis. Accingunt omnes operi, pedibusque rotarum 235 Subjiciunt lapsus, et stuppea vincula collo Intendunt. Scandit fatalis machina muros, Feta armis. Pueri.circum innuptaeque puellae Sacra canunt, funemque manu contingere gaudent. Illa subit, mediaeque minans illabitur urbi. 240 O patria, o divfim domus Ilium, et inclyta bello Moenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portae Substitit, atque utero sonitum quaiter arma dedere; Instamus tamen immemores caecique furore, Et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce. v 245 Tune etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris 226. #Saevae; i. e., to the Trojans..... 236. Collo. Gr. 224. H. 886. B. 826. Areem = templum. 238. Armis = armatis. 227. Deae. Besides the Palladium, a 240. Urbi. Limits Wabitur. See on.rge statue of the goddess had doubtless 236 been in the temple, a conspicuous and easily accessible ornament of the.edifice 24. Substtt. It was deemed an n-.228. Cunctis. s Gor. 211f R. 5 (1j. H 3 favorable omen (i. e., unfavorable to the b~~~~~. B. 81~. person doing it) to stumble on or to touch B29. 8nstnuat (se)..... Sce~ u8- scei- the threshold, either on going in or coming 229. insinat (se).....Scelus ~8celeout of a building. After the event, at ms poatam... fferentem. " Deserving least, the Trojans would naturally see in (such a fate);" but best translated as an adverb, "deservedly." Its.emphasis should this stopping of the horse four times, as ~~ebe noticnted. th they were pulling it through the breach, 231. Lnaeserit et iFtorserdt. Forthe an omen of evil, not, of course, to the horse, but, by an easy transfer, to the city. mood, see on adveneris, I. 388.... Tergo. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 826..... Utero. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422,1, 2). B. 948. 22. Ducendum (esse) -,oranda (esse).....Ad sedes (deae); i. e., to the temple. 246. Etiam; i. e., besides the other 2833. Conclamant. What is the force warnings....Fatis futuris. "For our of the con.t coming doom." Probably a dat., but pos234. Mloenia pandimus urbis. siblyanabl. of manner. " Throw open the defenses of the city." 247. Credita. Better with ora than 285. Accingunt (se).... Rotarurn with Cassandra.......Teucris. For the.apsus = rotas. case, see on Wlli, L 440. AENEID OS LIB. II. 67 Ora, dei jussu non umquam credita Teucris. Nos delubra defum miseri, quibus ultimus esset Ille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem. Vertitur interea coelum et ruit oceano nox, 250 Involvens umbra magna terramque polumque Myrmidonumque dolos; fusi per moenia Teucri Conticuere; sopor fessos complectitur artus. Et jam Argiva phalanx instructis navibus iwt A Tenedo, tacitae per amica silentia lunae 255 Litora nota petens, flammas quum regia puppis Extulerat, fatisque deuim defensus iniquis Inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim Laxat claustra Sinon. Illos patefactus ad auras Reddit equus, laetique cavo se robore promunt 260 Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces et dirus Ulixes, Demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque Thoasque, Pelidesque Neoptolemus, primusque Machaon, Et Menelaus, et ipse doli fabricator Epeus. Invadunt urbem somno' vinoque Ksepultam; 265 248. Construe, Nos miseri, quibus ille hist. perf., to express rapid succession of dies, &c..... Quibus - dies. "Since that the event. See Gr. 259, R. 1, (3). Z. 508. day was our last;" used to explain miseri.....Iniquis; i. e., hostile to the Trojans. Gr. 264, 8. H. 519. B. 1251. Some translate, 258. Utero. For the case, see on 19.' though that day was our last," explain- 259. 1axat. Notice the zeugma. With ing by Gr. 264, 2. H. 515, II. and 516, 4. B. Danaos the verb means "lets out," with 1290. claustra, "opens." Gr..323, (b), (2). H. 250. R- uit. "Hastens up."....Oceano. 704, 1. 2. B. 1378, 2d. For the reversion of Gr. 255, R. 3, (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948. the natural order of ideas, called hysteron 252. Fusi. "Stretched out (in sleep)." proteron, see Gr. 323, 4, (2). H. 704, IV. 2. See on I. 214. B. 1381, 2d. 254. Phalanx. 1" Host," or "army." 260. Robore. Gr. 255, R. (b). H. 422, 2. B. 948.....Instructis. "Having been drawn up in order." 261. Duces. "The chieftains," a word 256. Flammas. "The (signal) torch."' expressing in a general way their rank; is; i. amemnon' it cannot have reference to their coming.. _uivessel, s;.e. Agamemnon out first, for see 257. Eaxtulerat - laaat. The unusual 263. Primus; i. e., the "first" to descend. This word cannot well be othersequence of tenses in the sentence may be thus explained: The fleet was under way wise explained, yet why is the first to de(ibat), when the royal ship immediately scend mentioned the seventh in order raised (extulerdt) the signal, and Sinon 264. Doli. As insidias in 36, for the lets out (laxat) the Greeks. The signal is horse itself. suddenly raised immediately after setting 265. Invadunt urbem; i. e., while sail, and is not a signal to the fleet, but to on their way from the arx to the gate to Sinon. The pluperfect extulerat is for the meet the army. 68 P. VIR GILII MARONIS Caedintur vigiles, portisque patentibus omnes Accipiunt socios atque agmina conscia jungunt. i Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit, et dono diveum gratissima serpit: In somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector 270 Visus adesse mihi, largosque effundere fietus, Raptatus bigis, ut quondam, aterque cruento Pulvere, perque pedes trajectus lora tumentes. Y Hei mih, qualis erat! quantum mutatus ab illo HIectore, qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli, 275 Vel Danauim Phrygios jaculatus puppibus ignes! Squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crines, Vulneraque illa gerens, quae circum plurima muros Accepit patrios. Ultto flens ipse videbar Compellare virum et maestas expromere voces: 280 "0 O lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucriim, "Quae tantae tenuere morae? quibus Hector ab oris 266. Omnes socios; i.e., the forces....Achilli. See on I. 30. Hector had just landed from the ships. slain and despoiled Patroclus, who wore 267. C o n s c i a (doli)....J u n gun t the armor of-his friend, Achilles. ({). 269. Dono. Limits serpt. Gr. 247,1.. H. 414, 2. B. 875. 270. In somnis. "In slumber." 271. Mihi. With vsus (est). 272. Construe, Ut quondam, rEptatus bigs. "As formerly (he appeared, after) having been dragged," &c.'Aeneas had I seen the corpse of Hector in this condition, after it had been brought back to Troy by Priam. The ghosts of the slain are conceived to appear like their disfig- \ 0AX I. ured and mutilated bodies. See VI. 494.' — rieze. HECTOR. 273. Lora. Greek accusative. Gr. 234, IL and R. 2. H. 380. B. 728. The ordinary 276. Jacula tu s. "(After) having construction of this case would require hurled."....P pp i bus. "Upon the pedes in the acc. and the abl. loris for lora: ships,"-dative. pierced as to his feet with thongs. 278. Vulnera. Not received in battle, 274. Wi7fii. Gr. 228, 3. H. 389, 2, 2). B. but those inflicted by the Greeks after his 727.... Qualis. Referring to his appear- death, and the lacerations caused by the ance. dragging.... Plu~rima. See on I. 419. 275. IRedit. Present tense for greater 279. Mltro; i. e., without waiting to be vividness. The scanning shows it is not addressed.....Flens. Join with ipse,the contracted perfect, from redlit, which "myself weeping too," as well as he. would have the final syllable long.... 282. In his dream Aeneas forgets even Exuvias. Gr. 234, R. 1. H. 374, 7. B. 782. the fact of Hector's death. AENEID OS LIB. II. 69 "Exspectate venis? ut te post multa tuorum "Funera, post varios hominumque urbisque labores "Defessi adspiciWnus? quae causa indigna serenos, 285 "Foedavit vultus? aut cur haec vulnera cerno?" Ille nihil, nec me quaerentem vana moratur, Sed graviter gemitus imo de pectore ducens, " Heu fuge, nate dea, teque his," ait, "eripe fiammis. "Hostis habet muros; ruit alta a culmine Troja. 290 "Sat patriae Priamoque datum. Si Perg~am dextra "Defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent. "Sacra suosque tibi commendat Troja Penates: " Hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaere, "Magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto." 295 Sic ait, et manibus vittas Vestamque potentem Aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem. Diverso interea miscentur moenia luctu, Et magis atque magis, quamquam secreta parentis Anchisae domus arboribusque obtecta recessit, 300 Clarescunt sonitus, armorumque ingruit horror. Exdctior somno, et summi fastigia tecti AdsCensu supero, atque arrectis auribus adsto: In segetem veluti quum flammia furentibus Austris Incidit, aut rapidus montano flumine torrens 305 283. Exspectate. Voc. by attraction Romej of which Aeneas will be the virtual for the nom.....Ut. "How;" i.e., in founder through Lavinium. what condition. Join wdith adspicimus. 27. Aeterum. The fires of Vest Some, however, render ut as = ut libenter, e ept perpetually burning. "how gladly " 298. " The city is thrown into confusion 286. hIZe nihi2l (restpnd~et). by cries of woe (luctu) in various quarters 287. IMoratur. "Does he regard." (diverso)." 290. A culmine. "From the sum- 299. Secreta. "Apart." mit;" i. e., from top to bottom. 302. Fastigia. "qTe pinnacles," or 291. Sat - datum (est a te); i. e., thou simply " top." owest no further service. 303. Adscenst& supero = adscendo. 292. Hae (deaxtra); i.e., by mine..... For adscensu, see on lapsu, 225.... ArFor the subjunctives, see Gr. 261, 1. H. rectis-adsto. See ornI. 152. 510. B. 12B8. 304. Furentibus Austris.'While 294. Comites. In apposition with hos. the winds are raging." Gr. 257. H. 431..:.. His. "For these.".... Moenia = B. 965. urbem, as often. See 298. 305. Rapidus = qui factus est rapidus. 295. Construe, Quae magna, ponto perer-....Flumine. Gr. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. rato, denique statues. The reference is to 874. 70 P. VIR G IL 11 MAR O0NIS Sternit agros, sternit sata laeta boumque labores, Praecipitesque trahit silvas; stupet inscius alto Acciplens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor. Tum vero manifesta fides, Danafumque patescunt Insidiae. Jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam 310 Vulcano superante domus, jam prosimus ardet Ucalegon; Sigea igni freta lata relucent. Exoritur clamorque viruim clangorque tubarum. Arma amens capio; nec sat rationis in armis; Sed glomerare' manum bello et concurrere in arcem 315 Cum sociis ardent animi; furor iraque mentem Praecipitani, pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis. Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achivuim, Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, Sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem 320 Ipse trahit, cursuque amens ad limina tendit. "Quo res summa loco, Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?" Vix ea fatus eram, gemitu quum talia reddit: "Venit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus "iDardaniae. Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens 325 307. Inscius; i.e., in respect to the 321. Trahit. The child could with difcause. ficulty keep up with his grandfather. No308. Accipiens = audiens. tice the zeugma in this word with deos and nepotem..... Cursui tendit (iter)= 809. iFides. "The truth;" i. e., of the currit. For the abl., see on 225.... Linmivision. vw~~~~ision. fa. "(Ly) door." 310. Dedit Fuinant. "Fell in ruins." 322. Quo - loco. " In what spot is the.- 311. Vuiecano. For the case, see on chief conflict raging?" Better than the 304....Proxirntus. " Next adjoining" common view: "In what condition is the the house of Deiphlowbs. public welfare?".... Quam, &c. "What 312. eUcalegon; i. e., the house of Uca- citadel (i. ce., stronghold) do we seize?"legon. i. e., what other place of defense are we to 314. Sat rationis. Gr. 212, R. 4. H. try to hold, now that the main arx (Per396, IIm. 4). B. 100& Aeneas had no clear gamus) is no longer tenable? The present purpose in thus rushing impulsively into prendimms has a future signif., as often battle. the pres. in English. 315. Bello. Dat.= ad bellum. 824. The answer of Panthus is in effect, 317. Construe, Succurrit O(nihO Mo" in "Resistance can be of no avail; we have armis (esse) pulchrum. Gr. 269, R. 2 and no citadel anywhere to defend; our last 3. H. 549, 2. B. 1118. day has come." 319. Arcis Phoebique; i. e., of the 325. Dardan,iae. Dative, as in I. 22. temple of Apollo in the citadel, where.... Fuimus Troes. "We are Trojans there were temples of several other tutelar no longer." Gr. 259, R. 1, (2), (a). H. 471, deities. 1. B. 1095. AENEIDOS LIB. II. 71 " Gloria Teucrorum; ferus omnia Jupiter Argos "Transtulit; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe.."Arduus armatos mediis in moenibus adstans "Fundit equus, victorque Sinon incendia miscet "Insultans. Portis alii bipatentibus adsunt, 330 "Millia quot magnis umquam venere Mycenis; "Obsedere alii telis angusta viarum "Oppositi; stat ferri acies mucrone corusco "Stricta, parata neci; vix primi proelia tentant "Portarum vigiles, et caeco Marte resistunt." 335 Talibus Othryadae dictis et numine divfim In flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Arinys, Quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor. Y Addunt se socios Rhipeus et maximus armis Epytus, oblati per lunam, Hypanisque Dymasque, 340 Et lateri agglomerant nostro, juvenisque Coroebus Mygdonides. Illis ad Trojam forte diebus Venerat, insano Cassandrae incensus amore, Et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat, Infelix, qui non sponsae praecepta furentis 345 Audierit. Quos ubi confertos audere in proelia vidi, 331. Xycenis. Gr. 255. H. 421, 1. B. 941. 332. Angusta viarum. See on I. 422. 833. Mucerone. Abl. of manner, with stat. 8334. Primi; i.e., those first met by 7 the Greeks. 335. Caeco Marte. "In the dark encounter." - 337. E-rinys. "The Fury" or "Demon (of Battle)." 339. These names are fictitious. 341. Agglornerant (se).... Nost'o. Gr. 209, R. 7, (b). H. 446, 2. B. 1015. 344. 1 Gener. "As a (future) son,-inlaw." 345. -Furentis. "Prophetic." MARs. 346. Aeudierit. Gr. 264, 8. H. 519. B. 1251. Cf. on 248. 326. Argos G= raeciam. r. 237. H. 347. Quos ubl vidi. "And when I 179. B. 938. saw them." See on 73.... Azudere in. 330. AHii - alii. "Some-others." "To be full of courage for." 72 P. VIR G.ILII MAR ONIS Incipio super his: "Juvenes, fortissima frustra "Pectora, si vobis audentem extrema cupido "Certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna videtis: 350 "Excessere omnes, adytis arisque relictis, "Di, quibus imperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi "Incensae; moriamur, et in media arma ruamus. "Una salus victis, nullam sperare salutem." Sic animis-juvenum furor additus. Inde, lupi ceu 355 Raptores atra in nebula, quos improba vyntris Exegit caecos rabies, catulique relicti Faucibus exspectant siccis, per tela, per hostes Vadimus haud djiZam in mortem, mediaeque tenemus Urbis iter. Nox atra cava circumvolat umbra. 360 Quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando Explicet, aut possit lacrimis aequare labores? UIrbs antiqua ruit, multos dominata per annos; Plarima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim Corpora perque domos et religiosa deorum 365 Limina. Nec soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri; Quondam etiam victis redit in praecordia virtus Victoresque cadunt Danai. Crudelis ubique Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima mortis imago. v Primus se, Danauim magna comitante caterva, 370 Androgeos offert nobis, socia agmina credens Inscius, atque ultrp verbis compellat amicis: " Festinate, viri! Nam quae tam sera moratur 348. Incipio super his. "I begin 354. Salus (est). Predicate nominative. (to address-them) besides (i. e., to inflame 356. Raptores. Gr. 205, R. 11. their courage still more) in these words." 357. Caecos; i. e., to all danger.... SupFor this use of super (= iihtper), cf. I. 29, ply quos before catuli. and II. 71.... His (dictis). For the case, 359. Mediae urbis. They were apsee on I. 559.... Frustra. Because valor ssee on LI559.... 5Fustra. Because valor parently proceeding to the arx. Cf. 240 is now useless. and 404 849. Construe, Si vobis (est) certa cupido fando eplicet. See on 6 sequi (me) audentem extrema. For sequl, 361. a ~uis fando explicet. See on 6 see on 10. 350. Sit. Gr. 265. H. 525. B. 1182.... 362. Lacrimis. Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. Rebus. Poss. dative. B. 873. 851. Adytis. Abl. abs. with relictis. 364. Inertia corpora; i.e., the bodies 853. Moriamur et'uamnus. Is this of the slain. an example of hysteron proteron? See 371. Credens. Sc. nos esse. on 259. 372. Ultro. See on 279. AENEID 0 OS LIB.*II. 73 "Segnities? Alii rapiunt incensa feruntque " Pergama; vos celsis nunc primum a navibus itis?" 375 Dixit, et extemplo-neque enim responsa dabantur Fida satis-sensit medios delapsus in hostes. Obstupuit, retroque pedem cum.voce repressit. Improvisum aspris veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens, trepidusque repente refugit 380 Attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem:; Haud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat. Irruimus, densis et circumfundimur armis, Ignarosque loci passil et formidine captos Sternimus. Adspirat primo fortuna labori. 385 Atque hic successu exsultans animisque Coroebus, "O0 socii, quh prima," inquit, "fortuna salutis "Monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur: "Mutemus clipeos, Danaftmque insignia nobis "Aptemus. Dolus, an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? 390 "Arma dabunt ipsi." Sic fatus, deinde comantem. Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum Induitur, laterique Argivum accommodat ensem. Hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus 375. Vos. Emphatic. 377. $ensit delapsus (i. e., se dekp Isumesse). A Grae'cism. Gr. 271 N. 5. H. 547, I. B. 674. 378. Retro. Pleonastic. 379. Aspris = aeperis. 380. Ilumi. Gr.,221, R. 3. H. 424, 2. B. 944.... Yitens; i. e., proceeding with difficulty through the briers.... Refugit. "Has fled back from." 381. Iras = caput iratum. "Its angry head.".... Cola. Greek ace. 383. Circumfundiuhwr (iis). The pass. in a middle or'cflexive sense is common....Armis. Gr. 247,2. H. 414, 3. B. 878. 386. Successu-animis. Abl. of cause. 387. Qua. See on I. 401. 890. Dolus (sit)..... Rquirat. For the mood, see on 8. 392. CZipei insigne = clipeum. Gr. 294, R. 1. H. 374, 7. B. 732. GREEK WARRIOR. c74- P. VIR G IL II IA R O NIS X Laeta facit; spoliis se quisque recentibus armat. 395 Vadimus immixti Danais haud numine nostro, Multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem Conserimus, multos Danaum demittimus Orco. Diffugiunt alii ad naves, et litora cursu Fida petunt; pars ingentem formidine turpi 400 Scandunt rursus equum, et nota conduntur in alvo. x Heu nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis! Ecce trahebatur passis PiSameia virgo Crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae, Ad coelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra, 405 Lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas. Non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus, Et sese medium injecit periturus in agtren. Consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis. Hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis 410 Nostrorum obrJjImur, oriturque miserrima caedes Armorum facie et Graiarum errore jubarum. Tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira Undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Ajax, Et gemini Atridae, IDolopumque exercitus omnis; 415 Adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti Conffigunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois Eurus equis; stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti 396. Haud nurnine nostro. "Under 407. lfente. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. a divinity (i. e., a protection, or auspices) 408. Periturus. Gr. 274, R. 6. H. 578, not our own." 1he idea is not that the V. B. 1214, (5). numen is unfavorable; it is simply not 409. Densis armis. See on 383.... Trojan, because they are in Greek armor. Incurrimus. Sc. iis. The first allusion tofailwre is in 402. Gr. in 413, and etiam, 420. 398. Orco. Dat. for in Orcum. 399. Czursu. See on 225 and 321. 413. Gemitu-'ta. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414. 400. Fida. Why this term? 3. B. 873.Ereptae virginis. "At 401. Conduntur. See on383. the rescue of the maiden;" i. e., 5assan402. Innitis divis. Dat. after j3 dere. dra. Gr. 274, R. 5. H. 580. B. 1357. Gr. 223, R. 2. H. 385. B. 831. The notion 414. Undique. With collecti....Invais that a man may not rely on Fortune dunt. Sc. nobis.... Acerrimus. Bewhen she has declared against him. Some cause of the loss of Cassandra. consider the expression an abl. abs., tak- 416. Construe, Ceu quondam, turbine ingfidere absolutely....Fas. Sc. est. rupto, venti tornJigunt adversi.....Tur404. Templo. The temple of Minerva bine. Abl. abs. in the arx, in the heart of the city. Cf. on 418. Equis. See on tfqmine, I. 275.... 359 and I. 41. Tridenti.. Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. AE NEID 0 S L IB. II. 75 Spumeus atque imo Nereus'ciet.aequora fundo. A Illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram 420 Fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe, Apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela Agnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant. Ilicet obruimur numero; primusque Coroebus Penelei dextra divae armijpotentis ad aram 425 Procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, justissimus unus Qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi; Dis aliter visum; pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque, Confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu, Labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit. 430 Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema- meorum, Testor, in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaum, et, si fata fuissent, Ut caderem, meruisse mannu. Divellimur inde, Iphitus et Pelias mecum; quorum Iphitus aevo 435 Jam gravior, Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi; t 419. Fundo. Cf. I. 84 and 125. 420. DliI si quos = ilE quos. 421. Insidiis. "By our stratagem.".... U~rbe. Gr. 254, R. 2, (b). H. 422, 1,1). B. 937, 3.!422. P r im i. "The foremost.".... kllentita. Used in the ordinary active sense, and belongs to clipeos as well as to tela. 423. Ora sono discordia.'Our speech differing in sound (from theirs)." 425. Dextra. Cf. I. 98....Ad aram. The altar was in front of the temple. 426. Urnus. This with a superlative = "the very." 428. Dis aliter visum (est). There is something to be supplied; e. g., " if any one deserved to survive the fall of Troy, it APOLLO BELVIDIUX. was Ripheus; but," &c. 431. Flamnma meorum (civium). As 1). B. 1203....Mheruisse manru. "Mht if the flames of Troy were the funeral I deserved (to fall) by my prowess." flames of his countrymen and friends. 435. Q(uorum. Part. genitive after 433. V'itavisse. Gr. 239, R. 2. H. 545,2, Iphitus and Pias. 1). B. 1139.... Vices Danaucm. "Perils 436. G~ravior (erat). "Was quite enfrom the Greeks."...... Fuissent; i. e., feebled.". Gr. 122, R. 3. H. 444,1.... VWhad willed it. nere Mlixi. "A wound from Ulysses." 434. Ut caderern. Gr. 273, 2. H. 495, 2, For the form of the genitive, see on I. 30. 76 P. VIIR GILII XIiA R ONIS Protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vo6ati. Hie vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe, Sic Martem indomitum, Danaosque ad tecta ruentes 440 Cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen. Haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris Protecti objiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris. Dardanidae contra turres ac tta domorum 445 Culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt, Extrema jam in morte parant defendere telis; Auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, Devolvunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas Obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso. 450 Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis, Auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere victis. Limen erat caecaeque fores et pervius usus Tectorum inter se Priami, postesque relicti A tergo, infelix qua se, dum regna manebant, 455 Saepius Andromache ferre incomitata solebat 437. Jocati. A participle agreeing 449. Alii; i.e., of the Trojans. The with the subject of divellimur. two modes of attack will be noticed: some 438. Pugnanm. With cernimus....Ce- of the Greeks are seeking to scale the tera belta; i.e., all the other conflicts walls and gain the roof (442-444), while that were going on in the city. others are attempting to force the doors 439. Bella. Poet. for proelia..../Fo- below (449-450). rent. Gr. 263, 2, (1). H. 506. B..1277. 451. Instaurati (sunt) animi. Re440. Sic indomitum - (si) ruentes - ferring to Aeneas and his two compan(sic) obsessumn. Gr. 274, 3, (c).... Mar- ions. temrn. "The conflict," as in 335. 453. Four terms characterize the same 441. Acta testudine.. Abl. abs. The thing: (1) limen, "an entrance," the testudo was of shields, held above the general term; (2) caecae fores, with the heads of the besiegers and overlapping notion of secrecy; (3) pervius usus, exlike the'shingles of a roof.....Limen. plaining the object of the entrance; (4) "The gate." postes relicti, showing that it was un442. Haerent parietibus. "Hang on guarded. the walls." The ladders had hooks at the 454. Tectorum. Referring to the difupper end. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. ferent building, or parts of the palace... 948. Relicti. "Left (unguarded)." 443. Gradibus; i. e., of the scalae. 455. A tergo. Not with relicti, but Gr. 247, 3. H. 414, 4. B. 873. with the whole sentence. "In the rear 446. Hi s. With telis.... Ulti i a. (of the palace) there was an entrance," ".The extremity." &c.....Infelix. Because of her widow447. Extrema in morte. "On the hood. verge of death." 456. Saepius. See on 435. A ENEID OS LIB. II. 77 Ad soceros, et avo puerum Astyanacta trahebat. Evado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde Tela manu miseri jactabant irrita Teucri. y Turrim, in praecipiti stantem summisque sub astra 460 Eductam tectis, unde omnis Troja videri Et Danauim soliatae naves et Achaica castra, Aggressi ferro circum, qua summa labantes Juncturas tabulata dabant, convellimus altis Sedibus impulimusque; ea lapsa repente ruinam 465 Cum sonitu trahit et Danauim super agmina late Incidit. Ast alii subeunt, nec saxa, nec ullum Telorum interea cessat genus. /2 Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in limine Pyrrhus Exsultat, telis et luce coruscus ahena; 470 Qualis ubi in lucem coluber mala gramina pastus, Frigida sub terra tumidum quem bruma tegebat, Nunc, positis novus exuviis nitidusque juventa, Lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga, Arduus ad solem, et linguis micat ore trisulcis. 475 Una ingens Periphas et equorum agitator Achillis, 457. Soceros. Priam and Hecuba.... 470. Exzsultat. In reference to his Trahebat. See on 321. swift movements. 458. Fastigia culminis. See on 302. 471. The order is, Qualis ubi coluber, 460. Turrim. Acc. after aggresi and pastus mala ramina, quemfrgidabrma tegebat tumidurm sub terra, nunc, novus convellimus, but the entire sentence may be fairly translated nearly in the order of ev/is positis, nitidusq juventa, conothe text.... In praecipiti.;";On the lvit in lucem lubrica terga sublato pectore arduus ad solem, et micat linguis tri sulcis verge (of the roof)."....Summis tectis; ore... ala. " Poisonous." i. e., the roof of the tower Gr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 876. 472. Tumidum. "Swollen" as a re461. Videri. Supply solita est, from sult of mala gramina pastus. According solitae (sunt) naves. to Pliny, as quoted by Henry, the ancients 463. Ferro; i. e., with iron implements believed that the serpent acquired its venas levers.... Summna tabulata. Lit., om from the food it ate on reviving in the "the highest flooring;" used in a some- spring. Virgil's serpent, however. seems what loose way for the top or roof of the to have partaken of the mala granina at palace; and at the same time for the base the beginning of winter, and to have elaof the tower...Labantes. "Yielding." borated its poison therefrom while in the 464. Altis sedibus. " From its lofty torpid state, coming out in the spring not foundations,"-altis in reference to the only us and nitidus, but (by implieat palace, not "deep," in reference to the tion) letfer. tower, 475. Linguis. See on cervice, 1. 402. 469. Vestibulum. "The entrance" of....Ore. Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422,1, 2). B. the palace. 948. 78 P. VIRGILII MAR0ONIS Armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria pubes Succedunt tecto, et flammas ad culmina jactant. Ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni Limina perrumpit, postesque a cardine vellit 480 Aeratos; jamque excisa trabe fiia cavavit Robora, et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram. Apparet domus intus, e t atria longa.patescunt; Apparent Priami et veterum penetralia regum, Armatosque vident stantes in limine primo. x 485 At domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu Miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes Femineis ululant; ferit aurea sidera clamor. Tum pavidae tectis matres ingentibus errant, Amplexaeque tenent postes atque oscula figunt. 490 Instat vi patria Pyrrhus.; nec claustra, neque ipsi Custodes sufferre valent; labat ariete crebro Janua, et emoti procumbunt cardine postes. Fit via vi; rumpunt aditus, primosque trucidant Immissi Danai, et late loca milite complent. 495 Non sic, aggeribus ruptis quum spumeus amnis Exiit oppositasque evicit gurgite moles, Fertur in arva furens cumulo, camposque per omnes Cum stabulis armenta trahit. Vidi ipse furentem Caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas; 500 Vidi Hecubam centumque nurus, Priamumque per aras Sanguine foedantem, quos ipse sacraverat, ignes. Quinquaginta illi thalami, spes tanta nepotum, 477. Scyriapubes. Followers of Pyr- 485. Armatos. Those mentioned in rhms from the island of Scyros, one of the 449, 450. Cyclades. 492. Sufferre. Supply vim from the 478. Succedunt tecto. "Adwance to preceding v.....Crebro; i.e., with frethe palace." quent Mb1I6 of the ram. P4T9. Ipse; i.e., Pyrrhaes.... Correpta 493. Cardine. Join with emoti. b4penni. Abl. abs 496. Non sic; i. e., with less violence: Sic limits fertur and trahit, the principal 48. lJimina. "The doors."....Per- erbs in the sentence verbs in the sentence. t9aqinpt - vellit. "Attempts to break 4 - e97. "Exiit; i. e., from its channel. through," &c., the present denoting the 498 Cumulo. See on I. 105. continuance of the act. 501. Nurus. This term includes both 481. Aeratos - roborn. Notice the the daughters-in-law and the daughters of position and emphasis of these words. Hecuba, of whom there were fifty each... 482. Ore. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 428. B. 888. Per = inter. AENEID OS LIB. II. 79Barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi, Procubuere; tenent Danai, qua &d it ignis. 505 Forsitan et, Priami fuerint quae fata, requiras. Urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit Limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem, Arma diu senior desuetatrementibus aevo Circumdat nequidquam humeris, et inutile ferrum 510 Cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostes. Aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe Ingens ara fuit, juxtaque veterrima laurus, Incumbens arae atque umbrncomplexa Penates. Hic Hecuba et natae nequidquam altaria circum, 515 Praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, Condensae et div-im amplexae simulacra sedebant. Ipsum autem sumptis Priamum juvenalibus armis Ut vidit, " Quae mens tam dira, miserrime conjux, "Impulit his cingi telis? aut quo ruis?" inquit. 520 "Non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis "Tempus eget; nohi-,si ipsetmeus nunc afforet Hector. "Huc tandem con ed; haec-wa tuebitur omnes, "Aut moriere simul." Sic ore effata, recepit 504. Auro 8poliisqJue. Limit superb. Or. 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 873. 506. Requiras. Gr. 260, R. 4. H. 485. B. 1177. 509. The order is, Senior nequidquam circumdat humeris trementibus aevo arma din desueta. 510. Hurtepis. Gr. 249, R. 3. H. 884, II. 1. B. 859.... Feerruim. See on 392. 511. Moriturus. See on perturus, 408. 512. Aedibus in mediis; ite., in the ECTOR IS BATTLE. central, open court of the palate —the impluzium. Here, as before, and as usual, tel/s in the preceding line. The idea is the details are of a Roman house. | that our only hope now lies in altars and 514. Conmplexa. "ELmbracing." Or. prayers. Defensor is P.lso applied to an 274, R. 3, last part. - inanimate object in Caes. B. G. IV. 17. 516. Praecipites,; i. e., "driven head- For the abl., see Gr. 250, 2, (2). H. 419, I1. long from the sky," and hastily taking B. 907. shelter. 522. Non. Supply egeret from the pre520. Cingi. Supply te as the subject. ceding eget. 521. Tali - istis. The reference is to 524. Ore. See on I. 614. 80 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS Ad sese et sacra longaevum in sede locavit. 525 Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites, Unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostes Porticibus longis fugit, et vacua atria lustrat Saucius; illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus Insequitur, jam jamque manu tenet et premit hasta; 530 Ut tandem ante oculos evasit et ora parentum, Concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit. Hic Priamus, quamquam in media jam morte tenetur, Non tamen abstinuit, nec voci iraeque pepercit: "At tibi pro scelere," exclamat, "pro talibus ausis, 535 "Di, si qua est coelo pietas, quae talia curet, "Persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant "Debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum "Fecisti et patrios foedasti funere vultus. "At non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles 540 "Talis in hoste fuit Priamo; sed jura fidemque "Supplicis erubuit, corpusque exsangue sepulcro " Reddidit Hectoreum, megue in mea regna remisit." Y Sic fatus senior, telumque imbelle sine ictu Conjecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum 545 Et summo clipei nequidquam umbone pependit. Cui Pyrrhus: " Referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis "Pelidae'genitori; illi mea tristia facta "Degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento. 525. Sacra in sede; i. e., on the steps 536. Curet. Gr. 264, 6. H. 501, I. B. of the altar, probably. 1227. 526. PPyrrhi; i. e., at the hands ofPyr- 537. Grates. "Requital." rhus. Cf. vulnere Ulixi, 436. 538. Me cernere. Poet. for ut cernam. 527. Per tela, &c. Join with elapsus. 540. Saturn (esse) quo. Gr. 246. H. 425, 3, 1). B. 918. 528. Porticibus; i.e., those that sur-In the case of." f. 90. round the courts (atria). Gr. 254, R. 3. H. 422, 1, 2). B. 948. 543. lectoreum = Hectoris. Gr. 211, R. 4, (a). H. 398, 2 and 3. B. 782. 529. Inesto s ere. Withdeadly 544. Sine ictu. "Without inflicting a aim;" i. e., with a blow aimed at him. wound." 530. -Jam am q u e. "Now, even 545. Repulsum (est). now.".... Premit. " Is close upon him." 546. Sumtoo urnbone. From the 533. Quamquam - tenetur; i. e., extremity of the boss." though death is all about him and is 549. Narrare memento = "Don't txhreatening himself. forget to give an account of." ARENrIDOS LIB. II. 81 "Nunc morere." Hoc dicens, altaria ad ipsa trementem 550 Traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati,,Po Implicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruscum Extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem. Haec finis Priami fatorum; hic e'xitus illum Sorte tulit, Trojam incensam et prolapsa videntem 555 Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum Regnatorem Asiae. Jacet ingens litore truncus, Avulsumque humeris caput, et'sine nomine corpus. f At me tum primum saevus circumstetit horror. Obstupui; subiit cari genitoris imago, 560 Ut regem aequaevum crudeli vulnere vidi Vitam exhalantem; subiit deserta Creiisa Et direpta domus, et parvi casus Iuli. Respicio, et, quae sit me circum copia, lustro. Deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu 565 Ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere. X [Jamque adeo super unus eram, quum limina Vestae 550. Trementem; i. e., with age. 553. Lateri = in latus. Gr. 225, IV. R. 2. H. 379, 5. B. 837. 555. Sorte. Gr. 249, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 878. 556. Populis terrisqute. Abl. of cause with superbum. / 557. Construe, Regnatorem (Asiae quondam superbum, &c, Of course the extent of Priam's dominion is exaggerated,-Asia being used for a part of Asia Minor. 561. Aequaaevum; i.e., with Anchises. 564. lespicio. Aeneas is of course still upon the roof of the palace. He has been looking down through the impluvium upon the tragical scene just described, and has been so absorbed in it as to be unconscious of what has been going VszTA. on in his immediate vicinity. He now looks around and finds himself alone. 567. Jamque a2eo. A combination 567-588. The genuineness of these lines often used by Virgil. Adeo strengthens has been questioned. They are not found jam, and they may be translated "now in most of the manuscripts, and are incon- indeed." Cf. V. 268, 864..... Sup e s. - sistent with VI. 510-527. The best recent eram. Separated by tmesis.... Limina commentators, however, accept them, al- Vestae; i.e., the shrine or temple of though by some they are, as here, enclosed Vesta, apparently in the arx, as that of in brackets. Pallas. P. VIRGILII KIARONIS Servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem Tyndarida adspicio: dant clara incendia lucem Erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. 570 Illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros Et poenas Danauim et deserti conjugis iras Praemetuens, Trojae et patriae communis Erinys, Abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat. Exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem 575 Ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. V "Scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas "Adspiciet? partoque ibit regina triumpho, "Conjugiumque domumque patres natosque videbit,' Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? 580 "Occiderit ferro Priamus? Troja arserit igni? "Dardanium toties sudarit sanguine litus? "Non ita: namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen F' eminea in poena est nec habet victoria laudem, "Exstinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis 585 "Laudabor poenas, animumque explesse juvabit 568. Servantem. "Keeping to," or 578. Parto triumphlo. Abl. abs. "holding," as a place of refuge. 579. Conjugiumn = corjugem.... Pa50t. lErranti., Supply mihi. Aeneas tres = parentes. has evidently descended from the fastigia 580. Comitata mnitstris. See on of the palace, but' is still on the high I. 312. ground of the arx, where he remains till 581. Occiderit - ai'serit - sudarit. verse 632. The future perfect tense here expresses 571. The order is, Ila, communis Erinys, poetically and vividly the already existing &c., praemetuens Teucros infesto sibi, &c. cause of the indignation at the future.... versa. Gr. 274 R. 5. H. 580. B. events in adspiciet, ibit, and videbit. The 1357. sense may be freely and idiomatically 572. Danaum. Cf. on Mixi, 436. thus given in English: "'; Shall she return now that Priam has been murdered, Troy 574. Invisa. Join as predicate with burned" &c. Cf. IV. 591. sedebat, and translate "a hated object." 584 Feminea. Seeon543. This sense of the word, as in 601, seems 585. Exstinxisse- sumonpisse, The better than "unobserved," as some ren- regular construction would be laudabor der it. quod exstinxi, or qui exstinxerim....Ne575. Ignes; i.e., of passion.....Ira. fas. "The abomination,"- contemptu"The wrathful impulse." ously of Helen..... Merentis. "From 576. For the infinitives, see on 10.... (her) deserving (it)." Sceeeratas poeti4.i = cceleris poenras, 586. Animum explesse teltvrcis "the penalty of her guilt." ftammae. Lit., "to have filled (hence 577. Scilleet. "Forsooth,"-expressing sated) my mind with avenging flame." strong irony....2Mycenas. Poetical for Ultrici8 flammae is poetical for uttionis. Greece in general, as Sparta alone was "vengeance." For the genitive, see Gr. her native place. 220, 3. H 410, 7, 2). B. 915. Cf. I. I. 215. AEXEID OS LIB. II. 83 "Ultricis flammae, et cineres satiasse meorum." Talia jactabam et furiata mente ferebar,] Quum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, videndam Obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit 590 Alma parens, confessa deam, qualisque videri Coelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensum Continuit, roseoque haec insuper addidit ore:, Nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras?? "Quid furis? aut quonanlnostri tibi cura recessit? 595 "Non prius adspicies, ubi fessum aetate parentem "Liqueris Anchisen? superet conjuxne Creiisa, "Ascaniusque puer? quos omnes undique Graiae "Circum errant acies, et, ni mea cura resistat,' Jam flammae tulerint inimicus et hauserit ensis. V 600 "Non tibi Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae -" Culpatusve Paris, divuim inclementia, divuim, "Has evertit opes sternitque a culmine Trojam. "Adspice-namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuenti "Mortales hebetat visus tibi et humida clrcum 605 588. Jactabam. Cf. I. 102. 599. Resistat. "Were opposing," 589. Construe, Quum alma parens, non i. e., as it is all the time The force of the ante tam clara (meis) occults, obtulit se present will be noticed. mihi videndam, &c.... Videndam = ut 600. Ja n t u erint-haus e i t. viderem. Gr. 274, R. 7, (a). H. 575, V. B. "Would already have swept away," &c. 1315. The action is here supposed to be com591. Confessa. The perf. part. both pleted at-the present time, —hence the per. passive and deponent is often used in the I fect. sense of the present. Cf. 514, 580, and I. 601. Tibi. Depends on evertit as a dati312, &c. sus incommodi. 592. Qtt ant a. The gods surpassed 602. Culpatus. Used here as an admen in stature.... (Me)'prehensum con- I men in stature.... (ag e)hprea enhu." S on- jective.... Translate ve "nor," and supply tituit. "Caught and held me." See on sed before dimim. I. 69. 595. Nostri tib cura. "Thy care 603. A culmine. See on 290. for us." Venus identifies herself with the 604. Construe, Namque omnem nubem, family of Aeneas. Nostri is of course an quae nunc obducta hebetat mortales 8isus objective genitive with cura. Tibi limits tibi tuenti, &c., eripiam. recessit by Gr. ~211, R. 5, (1). H. 398, 5. B. 605. Tibi limits hebetat, and is used ini steal of tuos or tui limiting viszus. Gr. 597. Liq(ueris. Gr. 265. tIh525. B. 1182. 211, R. 5, (1). H. 398, 5. B. 871....Hit-.... Ne in prose would be joined to supe- m ida circum caligat. Lit., "humid ret. is dark around." More freely, "gathers 598. Quos circum. Cf. I. 13 and 32. darkly around," or "spreads a dark veil.... Omnes perhaps better with quos of mist around." The verb should be rethan with acies. garded as intransitive. 84 P. VIR GIL II MAR ONIS "Caligat, nubem eripiam; tu ne qua parentis "Jussa time, neu praeceptis parere recusa"Hic, ubi disjectas moles avulsaque saxis " Saxa vides mixtoque undantem pulvere fumum, "Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti 610 "Fundamenta quatit, totamque a sedibus urbem "Eruit. ice Juno Scaeas saevissima portas "Prima tenet, sociumque furens a navibus agmen "Ferro accincta vocat. "Jam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas 615 "Insedit, nimbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva. "Ipse pater Danais animos viresque secundas " Sufficit, ipse Deos in Dardana suscitat arma. "Eripe, nate, fugam, finemque impone labori. " Nusquam abero, et tutum patrio te limine sistam." 620 Dixerat, et spissis noctis se condidit umbris. Apparent dirae facies inimicaque Trojae Numina magna deuim. Tum vero omne mihi visum considere in ignes Ilum et ex imo verti Neptunia Troja; X 625 609. Mixto pulvere. Abl. abs. 610. Neptunus. If was said that Laomedon, the father of Priam, had engaged Neptune and Apollo to build the walls of Troy, and had afterward defrauded them of their promised reward. Hence the hostility of Neptune. It is doubtful, however, if Virgil had this in mind. The passage is probably only an imitation of Homer, who represents Neptune and Apollo as destroying the rampart of the Greeks. I. XIIH. 27. 612. The Scaean gate on the west side of the city looked toward the shore and the Grecian encampment. Hence it is the one most frequently mentioned, although Troy had five other gates. 613. P r i n a. "Foremost;" i. e., in advance of the rest, at the very entrance NEPTUNE. of the city....Socium agmen; i. e., the Greeks... Furens. Join with vocat. flight," since there is nothing else to be 616. Nimbo. The " storm-cloud" was rescued.. Notice the peculiarity of the exlurid from the flames of the burning city. pression.... Iabori. "The struggle." 617. Ipse pater; i. e., Jupiter, who 621. Dixerat. Gr. 259, R. 1, (3). must himself obey destiny. 622 Dirae facies; i. e., the gods now 619. Er ipe fu g am. " Seize upon | visible to Aeneas. AENEIDOS LIB. II. 85 Ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum Quum ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant Eruere agricolae certatim; illa usque minatur Et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat, Vulneribus donec paulatim evicta supremum 630 Congemuit traxitque jug, avulsa ruinam. Descendo, ac ducente deo fiammam inter et hostes Expedior; dant tela locum,,fiammaeque recedunt. Atque ubi jam patriae perventum ad limina sedis Antiquasque domos, genitor, quem tollere in altos 635 Optabam primum montes primumque petebam, Abnegat excisa vitam producere Troja Exsiliumque pati. " Vos o, quibus integer aevi "Sanguis," ait, "solidaetue suo stant robore vires, "Vos agitate fugam. 640 "Me si coelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, " Has mihi servassent sedes. Satis una superque "'Vidimus excidia et captae superavimus urbi. " Sic o, sic positum affati discedite corpus. "Ipse manu mortem, inveniam; miserebitur hostis 645 626. Construe, Ac veluti quum agricolae, 639. Sanguis. Sc. stat....Suo roboin summis motius, certatim instant eru- re. See on regno, I. 268. ere antiquam ornum, &c. 642. Satis superque (est quod). 628. ~ivnatur;* i. e.,-to fall. - 643. VUrbi. A dative under the general rule. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. The referertice. omar. See on oculos, I. B. 873. ence is to the capture and sack of Troy by Hercules during the reign of Laomedon. 630. Supremum. Adverbially,-" for See Class. Dict. the lasttime. &c Thus, 0 thus laid out." 631. Congemuit. Give the force of He is probably reclining on a couch, or con in the translation.....fJugis. Join has perhapsthrown himself on the ground. with avulsa.....Affati. Anchises tells them to bid 632. Descendo; i. e., from the arx. him farewell and to leave him, as if already See on 570.... Deo. Referring to Venus, dead. See on I.219. although masculine, being used in a gen- 645. Ipse manu, &c. Anchises means eral sense,-" the divinity." that he will find (i. e., provoke) death by 34. eetu) = valorous resistance to the foe. Cf. meruGr. 184,2. H.Pe n 301, 3. B. 457. = up i~se manu, 434. Aeneas there says he dePrir. 184,2.H. 301, 3. B. 457. served death by his prowess, and Anchises 636. Prinvtizn. With quen...lon- here asserts his determination to iind it by tes; i. e., Ida. the same means, following the example of 638. Quibuzs. Dative with start in- Priam.... iserebitur; i. e., will put stead of a genitive with the subjects. me out of my misery by consigning me to Translate "whose.",... Integer aevi. an honorable death, rather than take me "Unimpaired by age." Gr. 213, (a). H. captive. This appears the best of the 399, 3, 4). B. 779. many explanations of this line. 86 P. VIR GILII bAR ONIS "Exuviasque petet. Facilis jactura sepuleri. "Jam pridem invisus divis et inutilis annos "Demoror, ex quo me divuim pater atque hominum rex "Fulminis afflavit ventis et contigit igni." Talia perstabat memorans, fixusque manebat., 650 Nos contra effusi lacrimis conjuxque Creiisa Ascaniusque omnisque domus, ne vertere secum Cuncta pater fatoque urgenti incumbere vellet. Abnegat, inceptoqgue et sedibus haeret in isdem. Rursus in arma feror, mortemque miserrimus opto; 655 Nam quod consilium aut quae jam fortuna dabatur? "Mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto "Sperasti, tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore? "Si nihil ex tanta s4eris placet urbe relinqui, "Et sedet hoc animo, perituraeque addere Trojae 660 "Teque tuosque juvat, patet isti janua leto, "Jamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus,' Gnatum ante ora patris, patrem qui obtruncat ad aras. " Hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignes "Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus, utque 665 "Ascanium patremque meum juxtaque Creiisam "Alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam? "Arma, viri, ferte arma; vocat lux ultimra victos! 646. Facilisjactura sepulch'ri (est).! 653. Fato urgenti incumnbere. "To A sentiment greatly. at variance with the add his weight to the destiny (already) common and well-known belief of the an- bearing (us) down." cients. I 654. Incepto et sedibus. Both gov648. Demoror. Notice the sense of erned by in. this present,-" have I been and am still 657. Construe, Sperastine, genitor, me delaying;" i. e., dragging, or lingering posse efferre, &c. out.... Ex quo (tempore) = "ever since." 660. Sedet hoc animo (tibi). "This 649. Fulminis ventis. Some ancient (resolution) is fixed in thy mind." philosophers fancied lightning to be pro- 662. Jam. "In a moment." pelled by wind. 664. Hoe erat - quod eripis. "Was 650. Mfemnorans = dicens, as several it for this that thou hast been and art still times elsewhere in Virgil. Cf. 75 and I. rescuing me." Hoc and quod are both ad327.... Fiaus; i. e., in his place. verbial accusatives. See on 141. On the 651. Nos -= -Ego...Effusi (sumus): la- meaning of eripis, cf. on 648. What is the crimis. The notion of orabamus is in- subject of erat? volved in these words, so that it is un- 665.i Ut cernam, &c., is explanatory necessary to supply any thing for ne vellet. of hoc. The irregularity of this tense Translate "besought with tears." Ej'usi after erat, its grammatical antecedent, in lacrimas is the common construction. will be noticed. It may be explained by a Lacrimis may be an abl. of manner. logical dependence on eripis. AENEIDOS LIB. II. 87' -" Reddite me Danais! sinite instaurata revisam "Proelia! Numquam omnes hodie moriemur inulti." 670 Hine ferro accingor rursus, clipeoque sinistram Insertabam aptans meque extra tecta ferebam. Ecce autem complexa pedes in limine conjux Haerebat, parvumque patri tendebat Iulum: "Si periturus abis, et nos rape in omnia tecum; 675 "Sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, "Hanc primum tutare domum. X: Cui parvus Iulus, " Cui pater et conjux quondam tua dicta relinquor?" Talia vociferans gemitu tectum omne replebat, Quum subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum. 680 Namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum Ecce levis summo de vertice visus Iuli Fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia molles Lambere flamma comas et circum tempora pasci. Nos pavidi trepidare metu, crinemque filagrantem 685 Excutere et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignes. At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera laetus _Extulit, et coelo palmas cum voce tetendit: "Jupiter omnipotens, precibus si fiecteris ullis, "Adspice nos; hoc tantum; et, si pietate meremur, 690 "Da deinde huxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma." Vix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore Intonuit laevum, et de coelo lapsa per umbras Stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit. Illam, summa super labentem culmina tecti, 695 669. Revysam. Gr. 262, R. 4. H. 493,2. 690.,Hoc tanturn; i.e., rogo. AnB. 1204. chises' meaning is that Jupiter's compas674. Patri (= ad patrem); i. e., mihi. sion will be excited by one glance. 680. Dictu. See on I. 111. 691. Haec otminla firma. According 682. Levis apex. "A light, pointed to Servius the Romans usually asked for a flame." second omen confirming the first. 683. Construe, Plammaque, innoxia tac- 692 e. Our idiom requires this to 699. OQue. Our idiom requires this to tu, (visa est) lambere molles comas, &c..... be traslated " when." See on 172. Tactu. Gr. 250. H. 429. B. 889. 684. Flamma. The same as apex, 693. Laev.um. An adverb, —"on the and may be rendered "(this) flame." left." Cf. nseremum, 6f0. This was a 685. Trepidare. Historical inflnitive. good omen ix Roman augury. Or. 209, R. 5. H. 545, I. B. 1137. 694. Stella. "A meteor.".... Facem. 6&c. Coclo = ad coelum. Cf. 405. "A fiery train." 88 P. VIR GIL II MAR ONIS Cernimus Idaea claram se condere silva, Signantemque vias; tum longo limite sulcus Dat lucem, et late circum loca sulfure fumant. Hie vero victus genitor se tollit ad auras, Affaturque deos et sanctum sidus adorat. 700 "Jam jam nulla mora est; sequor, et, qua ducitis, adsurn. "Di patrii, servate domum, servate nepotem! "Vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troja est. "Cedo equidem, nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso."X Dixerat ille; et jam per moenia clarior ignis 705 Auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt. " Ergo age, care pater,. cervici imponere nostrae; "Ipse subibo humeris, nec me labor iste gravabit: " Quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum, "UIna salus ambobus erit. Mihi parvus Iulus 710 "Sit comes, et longe servet vestigia conjux. " Vos, famuli, quae dicam, animis advertite vestris. " Est urbo-egressis tumulus templumque vetustum — " Desertae Cereris, juxtaque antiqua cupressus by whom, under Iulus, a new Troy will be founded in another land. 704. Tibi comes ire. Gr. 227, R. 4. H. 390, 2. B. 851. 706. Incendia is nom., aestus ace. 707. Imponere impone te. See on 383. 708. Ilumeris. Abl. of manner. 709. Q u o - c u m q u e. Separated by *W 9 < tmesis. 710. Mihi. See on 704. 711. The plan is to depart without attracting attention. 712. Animis advertite quae dicam, for the more common animos advertite ad ea quae, &c. Animis is an abl. MERCURY. of manner. 713. B g e s s i s. "To those going 696. The course of the meteor shows forth;" i.e., as you go forth. See on mount Ida to be the place of refuge. jactanti, I. 102. 697. Long o.limite. "I n a long 714. Desertae. "Solitary." The term course." IGr. 247, 2. H. 414, 3. B. 873. is poetically applied to the goddess in699. Se tollit ad auras. See on 644. stead of to the temple, which was in a 703. Vestro - est; i.e., the Trojan race, solitary, unfrequented place. AENEID OS LIB. II. 89 " Religione patrum multos servata per annos. 715 "Hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam. "Tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penates; "Me, bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti, "Attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo "Abluero." 720 Haec fatus, latos humeros subjectaque colla Veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis, Succedoque oneri; dextrae se parvus Iulus Implicuit sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis; Pone subit conjux. Ferimur per opaca locorum;.725 Et me, quem dudum non ulla injectt movebant Tela neque adverso glomerati ex agmine Graii, Nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis Suspensum et parkiter comitique onerique timentem. Jamque propinquabam portis, omnemque videbar 730 Evasisse viam, subito quum creber ad aures Visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram Prospiciens, " Nate," exclamat, " fuge, nate; propinquant.' Ardentes clipeos atque aera micantia cerno." > Hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum 735 Confusam eripuit mentem. Namque avia cursu Dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum, Heu! misero conjux fatone erepta Creiisa 718. Construe, Me, digressum e tanto 735. Mit7hi. Gr. 224, R. 2.. H. 386, 2. B. bello, &c., attrectare (eos) nefas (est). Gr 829...Nescio quod = aliquod. Gr. 265. 269, R. 2. H. 549 and 1. B. 1150. It was R. 4. H. 525, 4. B. 1189. deemed impious to offer sacrifice, or to 736. Confusam eripuit =confuditet touch any sacred object, without previous. SeeonI:.... Cursu. See on purification in running water. 157. I. 157. 721. Humeros. Gr. 234, I. H. 380. B. 737. Iegione. "Direction." 728.. 738. Construe, lHeu, conjuxne Oreusa, 722. Veste fulviqu? pelle. A hand!. erepta (mihi) misero fato, substitit, erra. adys..Super. An v.lverb. "adys...uper. An adverb, vitne via, seu lassa resedit, (est) incertum. 725. Opaca locorum = opaca toca. "Alas, whether my wife Creusa, snatched "Obscure localities," See on I. 422. from me, unhappy (one), by fate," &c. The subjunctive would be the regular con727. Adver.so glomer'ati ex ag- struction. For the indicative, see Gr. 265. mine. "Gathered together from the op- R. 1. H. 525. 6. B. 1190. It will be obposing host." hIeyne, Ladewig, and An served that misero belongs to mihi underthon adopt this interpretation. stood, and that ereptafato is logically con729. Comiti. See 711. nected with all three verbs. Seu is for an. 90 P. VIR G IL II MAR ON IS Substitit, erravitne via, seu lassa resedit, Incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris. 740 Nec prius amissam respexi animumve reflexi, Quarn tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam Venimus; hic demum collectis omnibus una Defuit, et comites natumque virumque fefellit. Quem non incusavi amens hominumque deorumque, 745 Aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe? Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque Penates Commendo sociis et curva valle recondo; Ipse urbem repeto et cingorffulgentibus armis. Stat casus renovare omnes, omnemque reverti 750 Per Trojam, et rursus caput objectare periclis. f Principio muros obscuraque limina portae Qua gressum extuleram, repeto, et vestigia retro Observata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro. Horror ubique animos, simul ipsa silentia terrent. 755 Inde domum, si forte pedem, si forte tulisset, Me refero. Irruerant Danai et tectum omne tenebant. Ilicet ignis edax summa ad fastigia vento Volvitur; exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras. Procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reviso. 760 Et jam porticibus vacuis Junonis asylo Custodes lecti Phoenix et dirus IUlxes Praedam asservabant. -' Huc undique Troia gaza Incensis erepta adytis, mensaeque deorum, 741 Amissam respexi. "Did I look 1 753. Vestigia retho observata seback at (for) the lost one."...Anintunm quor. "I observe and follow back. refiexi. Aeneas in the excitement of the ward." See on I. 69. Retro with sequor. time neither looked back for his wife nor 5 Lumine. "With my eye." even thought of her. evn. Turmut Zu rn - sedem. For the 756. Before si forte we may supply vi8suomission of ad, see on i. 112. Es71'rus,-" to see." Also after pedem tulisset 744. Contites - fefellit. "Escaped the supply ilc. notice of both her son and her husband as 761.'Juno, like Pallas, Apollo, Vesta. her companions." Comites denotes in &c., is supposed to have had a temple in what respect she escaped their notice. tho citadel, and the Greeks would natu745. Deourinque. In scanning, the rally choose the dwelling of their paque is joined to the first wqrd of the next troness.'- Conington. verse. Gr. 307, 3. B. 1519, obs. 764. Mfensae. Tables upon which vi. 750. Stat (mihi sententia). "My de- ands and other offerings to the gods were termination is." placed. Tripods may perhaps be included. AEYEID 0 OS LI'B. II. 91 Crateresque auro solidi, captivaque vestis 765 Congeritur. Pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres Stant circum. Ausus quin etiam voces jactare per umbram Implevi clamore vias, maestusque Crefisam Nequidquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi. 770 Quaerenti ePtectis urbis sine fine furenti Infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creiisae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago. Obstupui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit. Tum sic affari et curas his demere dictis: 775 "Quid tantum insano j'uvat indulgere dolori, "O dulcis conjux? non haec sine numine divfQm " Eveniunt;) nec te comitem hinc portare Creiisam "Fas aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi. "Longa tibi exsilia, et vastum maris arandum aequor, 780 "Et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva " Inter opima vireim leni fluit agmine Thybris. "' Illic res laetae regnumque et regia conjux " Parta tibi. Lacrimas dilectae pelle Creiisae: " Non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumve superbas 785 "Adspiciam, ant Graiis servitum matribus ibo, "Dardanis et divae Veneris nurus; "Sed me magna defim Genetrix his detinet oris. 765. Auro solidi = ax auro soido. 780. Ecasitia (sunt). Notice the ampliSee on I. 655. fying force of the plural....Arandum 7. Puet ti). Or. 225, HI. H. 388, I. B. 130& 766. JPueri et matres. Trojan cap- Some thin there is a zeugma in ara?> tives, forming a portion of the booty, and Some think there is a zeugma in araabout to be carried off into slavery. dum, and trans with exsia, "to be undergone4" and with aequor, "to be 771. Tectis. "Amid the dwellings." traversed," making tibi the dative of the 7T2. Infeli; i. e., with reference only agent with both. The other explanation is to Aeneas' feeling. 781. Terrai. See on I. 2. 773. Nota major. "Larger than the (oxe well) known;" i. e., larger than life. 782. Virum.'With arva, not with piNot only %e gods, but the shades of the ma. departed were supposed to be larger than 784. Parta (est). Agrees with corjuc, human forms.' because the nearest of the three subjects. 775. Affari - demere. See on 685..... Creusae. See on I. 462. 779. Fas. Render "'destiny," and as 786. Aut. See on 779.....Servitum. the subject of sinit.....Aut. Rare and Gr. 276, I. and II. H. 569. B. 1360. poetical for nec. 188. Genetrix. C(ybele. 92 P. VIR G ILII MAR ONIS Jamque vale, et nati serva communis amorem." Haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem 790 Dicere deseruit, tenuesque recessit in auras.. Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum; Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, Par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno. Sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso. 795 Atque hic ingentem comitum affluxisse novorum Invenio admirans numerum, matresque virosque, Collectam exsilio pubem, miserabile vulgus. Undique convenere animis opibusque parati, In quascumque velim pelago deducere terras. 800 Jamque jugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae Ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant Limina portarum, nec spes-opis ulla dabatur; Cessi et sublato montes genitore petivi." 792. Ib = turn.....Dare - circum = band;" in apposition with the foregoing (by tmesis) circumdare. accusatives. 798. Pubem. In a general sense,-" a 799. Parati. Sc. deduci. 803. Opis. "Of (receiving) aid." LIBER TERTIUS. ARGUMENT. Aft6i' the destruction of Troy, which occurred in June, B. C. 1184, Aeneas spends the remainder of the summer and the following winter at Antandros, preparing a fleet. This closes the first year. He sails id the spring or summer of the second year (1183) for Thrace, where he begins to build a city (1-18). The shade of Polydorug, a son of Priamn, who had been murdered here by King Polymnestor, warns him to leave the place, which he immediately abandons, in the spring of the third year (19-72). He goes to Delos and consults the oracle of Apollo, and, misinterpreting the response, sails for Crete instead of Italy (78a-181)..Twoiyears are consumed in an unfortunate attempt at colonization in Crete,'When the Penates of Troy apidpear to Aeneas in a dream and distinctly instruct him that Italy is his destined home. Leaving Crete in the fifth.year, he therefore sets sail for Italy (1382-191). A storm drives him to the Strophades, where occurs the adventure with the Harpies, and where the prediction of Celaeno, one of their number, terrifies his companions (192-265). Thence he goes to Actium, where he celebrates the Trojan games in honor of Apollo. His stay here concludes the fifth year (266-288). From Actium he proceeds, in the beginning of the sixth year or summer, to Epirus, where he finds Helenus and Andromache, and receives the counsels and predictions of the former (289-505). From Epirus he crosses to the Italian shore, lands at Pdrtus Veneris, there offers sacrifice to Minerva and Juno, and thence continues his voyage along the Italian coast as far as Sicily. Landing near Mount Aetna, he receives the Greek Achemenides, abandoned by Ulysses in the cave of Polyphemus, and by a hasty flight narrowly escapes the giant Cyclopes (506-683). From the vicinity of Aetna he proceeds to the port of Drepanum, on the western coast, where he loses his father (684-713). The sixth year is thus spent partly in Epirus and partly in Sicily. At the beginning of the seventh summer the voyage is renewed from the port of Drepanum, but the fleet is immediately driven by the storm upon the African coast (714-718) VIEW IN DELOS. LIBER TERTIU:S. "PoSTQutAM res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum superis, ceciditque superbum Ilium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troja, - Diversa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras Augurilis agimur divAm, classemque sub ipsa 5 Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibis Idae, Incerti, quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur, Contrahimusque viros. Vix prima inceperat aestas, 1. Asiae. See on II. 557. 7. Incerti, &c. This is apparently in3. Hum o = ab humo. "From the consistent with the prediction of Creusa, ground,"-indicating the total overthrow. II. 781. Either Virgil is here at fault, or Cf. II. 625.....Fumat. Why the change Aeneas has no confidence in that predicto the present 9 tion. Cf. 186.... Sistere. Gr. 269. H. 549. 4. Diversa. "Remote."..... Deser- B. 1147. Cf. I. 66. tas. "Unoccupied;" for Aeneas natu- 8. Prima. "The first part of." See rally supposes that the regions to which on I. 541. If, as tradition related, Troy the gods have directed him are in this con- was taken in the early part of the sumdition. mer, then Aeneas remained at Antandros 6. Sub ipsa Antandro. The city about a year. was situated on elevated ground; hence 9. Et =.quum. See on I. 172.....Fatis. the propriety of sub. Dative after dare. 96 P. VIR G ILII A R ONIS Et pater Anchises dare fatis vela jubebat; Litora quum patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo 10 Et campos, ubi Troja fuit. Feror exsul in altum Cum sociis natoque Penatibus et magnis dis. Terra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis, Thraces arant, acri quondam regnata Lycurgo, Hospitium antiquum Trojae, sociique Penates, 15 Dum fortuna fuit. Feror huc, et litore curvo Moenia prima loco, fatis ingressus iniquis, Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo. Sacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam Auspicibas coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem 20 Coelicolum regi mactabam in litore taarum. Forte fuit juxta tumulus, quo cornea summo Virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida niyrtus. Accessi, viridemque ab humo convellere silvam Conatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras, 25 Horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum. Nam, quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbos Vellitur, huic atro liquuntur sanguine guttae, Et terram tabo maculant. Mihi frigidus horror 10. Quum = et turnm. mouth of the Hebrus....Fatis. For the 12. Penatibus et magnis dis. The case, see on II. 396....Ingressus. Sc. Penates here mentioned are probably the terramin. images belonging to Aeneas' own house, 18. Nomen; i. e., for the inhabitants. while magni dii are the common tutelar 22. Tumulus. This mound had been gods of the Trojan state, including such formed over the unburied body of Polydoas Jupiter, Apollo, Vesta, &c. rus by the action of the wind and waves. 13. P r o cuc 1. "At some distance."....Summo. "The summit of." Thrace was separated from Trojan terri- 23. Hastilibus. With horia. Gr. tory only by the Hellespont.... Mavor- 247, 1. H. 414, 2. B. 875. tia. Mars was the tutelar deity of the Thracians....Campis. Gr. 211, R. 6. H. 25. Conatus A participle,-que i the 25. Conatus. A participle, —que in the Thraclans B.... Campis. Gr. 211, R. 6. H.preceding line joining accessf and video..... Ramis tegerem. The myrtle was 14. Arant. Sc. quam. See on I. 12. sacred to Venus, and hence peculiarly ap-.... Lyeurrgo. Dative. Gr. 225, II. H. propriate for adorning her altar. 388, 4. B. 844. 27. Construe, Nam guttae atro sanguine 15. Socii. "Allied (to ours)."....Pe- (i.e., atri. sanguinis) liquuntur huic arbori nates. Sc. erant. (. e., ex hac arbore) quae, &c..... Quae. 16. Durn fuit (i e.,fuit integra). See Gr. 206, (3) and (a). H. 445, 8. B. 687... on I. 268. Radicibus. Abl. abs. 17. Moenia. The reference is proba- 29. Mihi. Gr. 211, R. 5, (1). H. 898, 5. bly to Aenos (now Enos), a town at the B. 871. Cf. on I. 92. AENEID OS LIB. III. 97 Membra quatit, gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. 30 Rursus et alterius lentum convellere vimen Insequor, et causas penitus tentare latentes: Ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis. Multa movens animo Nymphas venerabar agrestes Gradivumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis, 35 Rite secundarent visus omenque levarent. Tertia sed postquam majore hastilia nisu Aggredior genibusque adversae obluctor arenaeEloquar, an sileam?-gemitus lacrimabilis imo Auditur tumulo, et vox reddita fertur ad. aures: 40 "Quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto; "'Parce pias scelerare manus. Non me.tibi Troja " Externum tulit, aut cruor hic de stipite manat. "HIeu! fuge crudeles terras, fuge litus avarum: "Nam Polydorus ego. Hic confixum ferrea texit 45 "Telorum seges et jaculis increvit acutis." Tum vero ancipiti mentem formidine pressus Obstupui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit. Hunc Polydorum auri quondam cam pondere magno Infelix Priamus furtim, mandarat alendum 50 Threicio regi, quum jam diffideret armis Dardaniae cingique urbem obsidione videret. Ile, ut opes fractae Teucrfm, et Fortuna recessit, Res Agamemnonias victriciaque arma secutus, Fas omne abrumpit; Polydorum obtruncat, et auro 55 30. FormiSdine. AbL of cause with and to have grown up and covered the coit. Gelidus is of course proleptic. hillock formed by the drifting sand. 36. Secundarent. For the omission \ 46. Jaculi8 i-ne*Avit acutis. "Has of ut, see Gr. 262, R. 4. H. 493, 2. B. 1204. grown up over me in sharp javelins." 39. Eloquar. Gr 260, R. 5. H. 486, Jacs Isan ablative of manner. B. 1150.' 47. Mentem. Greek accusative. 5.0. Alendum. Gr. 274,R. 7. H. 578, V. 41. Jam. "Now (at least);" i. e., after B. 11A. Gr. 274,. 7.. 8 this third effort. 51. Regl; i. e., Polymnestor, who was 43. Aut. See on II. 779.....De stipite. a son-in-law of Priam..... Arnis. Gr. Supply sed de meo corpore, to complete the 223, R. 2. H. 385. B. 831. idea. 52. Cingi obsidione. An expression 45..Conflxum. " Pierced through (by not strictly applicable, in the Roman them).".... Ferrea. The spears which sense, to the siege of Troy. A "blockhad been left in the body of Polydorus ade" was unknown in the heroic age. had iron points. The poet fancies these 54. Bes Agamemnonias; i.e., the weapons to have taken root in the ground, Grecian cause. 98 P. VIRGILII MAR ONIS Vi potitur. Quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames? Postquam pavor ossa reliquit, Delectos populi ad proceres primumque parentem Monstra defum refero, et, quae sit sententia, posco. Omnibus idem animus, scelerata excedere terra, 60 Linqui pollutum hospitium et dare classibus austros. Ergo instauramus Polydoro funus: et ingens Aggeritur tumulo tellus; stant Manibus arae, Caeruleis maestae vittis atraque cupresso, Et circum Iliades crinem de more solutae; 65 Inferimus tepido spumantia cymbia lacte Sanguinis et sacri pateras, animamque sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus. Inde, ubi prima fides pelago, placataque veAiti Dant maria, et lenis crepitans vocat auster in altum, 70 Deducunt socii naves et litora complent. Provehimur portu, terraeque urbesque recedunt. Sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo, Quam pius Arcitenens, oras et litora circum 75 Errante*i Mycono e celsa Gyaroque revinxit, 56. Potitur. Tais verb, as bere, is oc- Romans believed that the soul wandered casionally of the third conjugation. Gr. in misery so long as the body was un177. H. 286, I. B. 408.... Quid -pectora. buried.....Supr'emum. "For the last Both governed by cogis, which has here time,"-an adverb.... Ciemus. Sc. anithe construction of doceo. Gr. 231 and R. main. See on I. 219. The funeral rites 5 H. 374, 5. B. 739. described in this passage are such as were 61. Liznqui. Notice the variety in the customarily observed by the Romans in use of this passive.....Dare classibus the interment of the ashes of the dead, austros. A highly poetical expression, after the body was burned. but there.is no hypallage. Translate liter- 70. Crepitans. "Rustling," or "murally. muring." 62. Instauramus. "We perform." 71. Deducunt. On the completion of There can be no idea of renewal here.... a voyage, vessels were generally drawn up Ingens. Cf. I. 640. on the shore. 63. Aggeritur tumnulo. "Is heaped 73. Sacra tellus; i. e., Delos. upon the mound;" i.e., the one already 74. Matri; i. e., Doris, wife of Nepformed, mentioned in 22. Gr. 224. H. 386. tune. Join with gratissima. B. 826.'75. Pius. Appletd to Apollo to indi65. nilades. Sc. stant.... Crinem. cate his gratitude to the island that was'See on 47. the asylum of his mother Latona, and his 66. Inferimus. "We bring;" i.e., own birthplace.... Circum. Cf. I. 32. as libations or offerings.... Tepido; be- 76. iMycono - revinxit. "Bound fast cause freshly milked. to lofty Myconos and Gyaros;" lit., 68. Condimus. Both the Greeks and "bound from,"-indicating that those islands were at some distance. A ENEID OS InIB. III. 99 Immotamque coli dedit et contemnere ventos. Huc feror; haec fessos tuto placidissima portu Accipit. Egressi veneramur Apollinis urbem. Rex Anius, rex idem hominum Phoebique sacerdos, 80 Vittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro, Occurrit; veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum. Jungimus hospitio dextras, et tecta subimus. Templa dei saxo venerabar structa vetusto: "Da propriam, Thymbraee, domum; da moenia fessis 85 "Et genus et mansuram urbem; serva altera Trojae "Pergama, reliquias Danauim atque imnmitis Achilli. " Quem sequimur? quove ire jubes? ubi ponere sedes? "' Da, pater, augurium, atque animis illabere nostris." Vix ea fatus eram; tremere omnia visa repente, 90 Liminaque laurusque dei, totusque moveri Mons circum, et mugire adytis cortina reclusis. Submissi petimus terram, et vox fertur ad aures: "Dardanidae duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum " Prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto 95 "Accipiet reduces. Antiquam exquirite matrem. "Hic domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur o:~,/ " Et nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab illis; - Haec Phoebus; mixtoque ingens exorta tuilfltu Laetitia, et cuncti, quae sint ea moenia, quaerunt, 100 77. " And granted (it, henceforth) firmly pie," &c. Limina = templum, and is in apfixed, to be inhabited." Before this the position with omnia. The que is lengthisland, floating about at the mercy of the ened by arsis. wind, had been uninhabitable. 92. Mons; 1. e., Cynthus, at the foot of 79. Apollinis zurben. Delos, of the which was the temple.... Adytis. Abl. same name as the island. abs.... Cortina. "The tripod." 81. Tempora. See on 47. 93. Submissi petimus terrain. 83. fHospi'io. "In hospitality." This "We reverently fall to the earth." may be considered an ablative of manner. 84. Temnpla. The plural to indicate extent, or the different parts of the struc- 95. Tellus. Italy is meant; but obture. serve the studied ambiguity of the words 86. Altera qTrojae. Pergama * i.e., -a feature common to nearly all the oraus who are to found the second Troy, as cular responses of antiquity.....ber explained by the appositive reliquias, c., laeto. "In her fertile bosom." See on belowi. On reliquias, &c., cf. c. I. coelo, I. 289. Also cf. portu, 78. 88. Sequimnur. The present for the 97. Hie. As in I. 272.... Oris. See on future. See on I. 322. Argis, I. 285. Cf. VI. 766. 90. Fix. See on II. 172. 99. Mixto tumultu; i.e., on account 91. Liminaque, &c. "Both the tem- of the ambiguity. The case is an abl. abs. .100 P. VIR G IL II MAR O NIS Quo Phoebus vocet errantes jubeatque reverti. Tum genitor, veterum volvens monumenta virorum, " Audite, o proceres," ait, " et spes discite vestras: " Creta Jovis magni medio jacet insula ponto; "Mons Idaeus ubi, et gentis cunabula nostrae. 105 " Centum urbes habitant magnas, uberrima regna; " Maximus unde pater, si rite audita recordor, " Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est advectus ad oras, "Optavitque locum regno. Nondum Ilium et arces " Pergameae steterant; habitabant vallibus imis. 110 " Hinc mater cultrix Cybelae Corybantiaque aera, "Idaeumque nemus; hinc fida silentia sacris, "-Et juncti currum dominae subiere leones. "Ergo agite, et, divufm ducunt qua jussa, sequamur; " Placemus ventos et Gnosia regna petamus. 115 "Nec longo distant cursu; modo Jupiter adsit, "Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris." Sic fatus, meritos aris mactavit honores, Taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, Nigram Hiemi pecudem, Zephyris felicibus albam.' 120 Fama volat pulsum regnis cessisse paternis Idomenea ducem, desertaque litora Cretae, Hoste vacare domos, sedesque adstare relictas. Linquimus Ortygiae portus, pelagoque volamus, 104. Jotis insula. The island was Jupiter's birthplace. 106. Regna. Each city was an independent sovereignty. 107. Mazrmus (sc. natu) pater. "Our eldest progenitor." 110. Steterant. Cf. stant, 63. 111. -Hinc; i.e., from Crete.....Mater cultrix Cybelae. "The mother (of the gods), inhabitant of Cybele." The reference is to the goddess Cybele, who derived her name from the Phrygian mountain which she inhabited. Anchises means CYBELE. that the worship of Cybele was derived goddess as drawn by lions,-all these, he from Crete. means, were derived from Crete. 112. Idaeum nenmus. A grove on 116. Nec - cursu. About 150 miles. Phrygian or Trojan Ida consecrated to Or. 236. H. 418, 2. B. 958 and 60. Cybele..... Silentia sacris, &c. The 118. Aris. Grammatical construction? mysterious and secret rites of her wor- 123. Hoste. Gr. 250, 2, (2). H. 419, III. ship, and the custom of representing the B. 907. AENEID OS LIB. IIII.101 Bacchatamque jugis Naxon viridemque Donusam, 125 Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor Cycladas et crebris legimus freta concita terris. Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor; iortantur socii: Cretam proavosque petamus. Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes, 130 Et tandem antiquis Curetum allabimur oris. Ergo avidus muros optatae molior urbis, Pergameamque voco, et laetam cognomine gentem Hortor amare focos arcemque attollere tectis. Jamque fere sicco subductae litore puppes; 135 Connubiis arvisque novis operata juventus; Jura domosque dabam: subito quum tabida membris, Corrupto coeli tractu, miserandaque venit Arboribusque satisque lues et letifer annus. Linquebant dulces animas, aunt aegra trahebant 140 Corpora; tum steriles exurere Sirius agros; Arebant herbae et victum seges aegra negabat. Rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae Phoebumque remenso Hortatur pater ire mari, veniamque precari: Quam fessis finem rebus ferat; unde laborum 145 127. Concdta. "Aroused," or "made would be needed, and as the recollections rough" by the presence of the numerous of the Trojan arx suggested." islands (crebrWs tetris) which interrupted 137. Subito, &c. Construe, Quum suthe currents. bito, corrupto coeli tractu, venit (there 133. Pergameam. Sc. urbem. The came) membris arboribusque satisque taname of the city was Pergamum. bida miserandaque lues, &c. 134. Amare. Poet. for ut ament. Gr. 138. Tractu. Gr. 257. H. 430. B. 965. 273, 2 and (b). H. 558, VI. 3. B. 1208-9.... 139. at i s. From sata.... Letifer Arcem attollere tectis. " To build up annus. "A year charged with deatlh" the \acropolis with (the necessary) struc- Annus and lues are both subjects of venit. tures;" i.e., such as a permanent city 141. Steriles. Proleptic.....xurere. would need for defensive and religious Hist. infin. purposes. The expression seems to be 144. Miari remenso. See on 138.... poet. for tecta arcis attollere. The arx re- Veniam. The "favor" to be asked is ferred to is the highest part of the ground simply that of a response to the following selected for the city. Recall the regard in interrogations, which depend on an idea which the arx of Troy had been held, from implied in veniam. Translate accordingly, its religious and other associations. The supplying what is necessary. thought of the whole line seems to be, "I 145. Ferat -jubeat. These words, as exhort them to regard the place as their da in 85, seem to imply in Apollo a power permanent home (amarefocos), and, under to determine the destiny of the Trojans as that view, to commence the erection upon well as to reveal it. As this power, howthe acropolis of such lofty and substantial ever, belonged only to the fates, we must structures (note the force of attollere) as understand that Apollo can'grant a home,' 102 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS Tentare auxilium jubeat; quo vertere cursus. Nox erat, et terris animalia somnus habebat: Effigies sacrae divufm Phrygiique Penates, Quos mecum ab Troja mediisque ex ignibus urbis Extuleram, visi ante oculos adstare jacentis 150 In somnis, multo manifesti lumine, qua se Plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras; Tum sic affari et curas his demere dictis: "Quod tibi delato Ortygiam dictu~rus Apollo est, "Hice canit, et tua nos en ultro ad limina mittit. 155 " Nos te, Dardania incensa, tuaque arma secuti, "Nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor, " Idem venturos tollemus in astra nepctes, " Imperiumque urbi dabimus. Tu moenia magnis "Magna para, longumque fugae ne linque laborem. 160 "Mutandae sedes. Non haec tibi litora suasit "' Delius aut Cretae jussit considere Apollo. " Est locus, Hesperiam Graii cognomine dicunt, "Terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glebae; " Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama minores 165 "Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem: " Hae nobis propriae sedes; hinc Dardanus ortus, " Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum.' " Surge age, et haec laetus longaevo dicta parenti " Haud dubitanda refer: Corythum terrasque requirat 170 and' bring an end to their sufferings,' by 162. Auit. See on II. 779..... Cretae. telling them the decrees of fate. Gr. 221, R. 1. H. 424, 1. B. 947. 154. Dicturus est. " Is about to say;" 163-166. Repeated from I. 530-3. i. e., " would say." 167. Nobis. They identify themselves 156. Secuti. Sc. sumu. with the Trojans.... Dardanus. According to the legend Dardanus and lasius 158. Idemr = iidem. Gr. 207, R. 27, (a). were brothers, natives of Corythus, a town H. 451, 3. B. 1034.... Tollemnus in astra. in Etruria. Dardanus migrated to PhrygReferring generally to the dominion and ia, where he married the daughter of Teuglory of the Roman people. cer, and received by inheritance the Trojan 159. Urbi-moenia. The reference is kingdom. lasius settled in Samothrace. to Rome.....llagnis (rebus). "For a It is then evident that pater, applied to great destiny." Rebus understood is more lasius, must be simply a term of respect; natural and forcible here than viris. and also that to have quo refer to Dar160. Par a. Since we refer moenia dansus, its proper antecedent; we must magna to Rome, this word means "pre- either consider lasiusque pater as parenpare," in the sense of "lay the foundation thetical, or else regard Dardanus Iasiusfor;" i. e., by building Lavinium. que = Dardanus cum Iasio. AENEID OS LIB. III. 103 "Ausonias. Dictaea negat tibi Jupiter arva." Talibus attonitus visis ac voce deorumNec sopor illud erat, sed coram agnoscere vultus Velatasque comas praesentiaque ora videbar; Tum gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor- 175 Corripio e stratis corpus, tendoque supinas Ad coelum cum voce manus, et munera libo Intemerata focis. Perfecto laetus honore sAnchisen facio certum, remque ordine pando. Agnovit prolem ambiguam geminosque parentes, 180 Seque novo veterum deceptum errore locorum. Tum memorat: "' Nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, X "Sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat. "Nunc repeto haec generi portendere debita nostro, "Et saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna vocare. 185 "Sed quis ad Hesperiae venturos litora Teucros "Crederet? aut quem tum vates Cassandra moveret? "Cedamus Phoebo, et moniti meliora sequamur." Sic ait; et cuncti dicto paremus ovantes. Hanc quoque deserimus sedem, paucisque relictis 190 Vela damnus, vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor. Postquam altum tenuere rates, nec jam amplius ullae Apparent terrae, coelum undique et undique pontus, Tum mihi caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, A Noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris. 195 Continuo venti volvunt mare magnaque surgunt Aequora; dispersi jactamur gurgite vasto; Involvere diem nimbi, et nox humida coelum Abstulit; ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes. Excutimur cursu, et caecis erramus in undis. 200 173. Illud. For the more regular ile. 183. Tales casus. "Such fortunes;" 174. Velatas; i. e., adorned with fillets. i.e., that the Trojans were to return to 180. Geminos ]parentes. Teucer 184. Portendere. Sc.can. from Crete, and Dardanus from Italy. 190. Paucis relitis. In irgil'stime 181. Novo veterum errore locorum. there was a town in Crete called Perga"By a mistake of the present day in re- mum, whose origin tradition assigned to spect to ancient localities;" i. e., in re- Trojan colonists. spect to our ancestral countries, Crete and 199. I n g e m i n a it t. " Repeatedly Italy. Novo and veterurm are in contrast. flash." 104 P. VIR GILII ~IAR ONIS Ipse diem noctemque negat discernere coelo, Nec meminisse viae media Palinurus in unda. Tres adeo incertos caeca caligine soles Erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes. Quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem 205 Visa, aperire procul montes ac volvere fumum. Vela cadunt, remis insurgimus; haud mora, nautae Annixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt. Servatum ex undis Strophadum me litora primqm Accipiunt; Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae 210 Insulae Ionio in magno, quas dira Celaeno Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineiapostquam Clausa domus, mensasque metu liquere priores. Tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla Pestis et ira defim Stygiis sese extulit undis. 215 Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris Proluvies, uncaeque manus, et pallida semper Ora fame. Huc ubi delati portus intravimus, ecce Laeta boum passim campis armenta videmus 220 Caprigenumque pecus, nullo custode, per herbas. Irruimus ferro, et divos ipsumque vocamus In partem praedamque Jovem; tum litore curvo Exstruimusque toros, dapibusque epulamur opimis. 202. Nec meminisse = nec (dicit 8e) scire. 203. Caeca caligine. Join with incertos as an abl. of cause. 212. Phineia -priores. TheHarpies /cg, l,'~t~lhad tormented Phineus by devouring and defiling every banquet, until they were driven off by Zetes and Calais, the sons of Boreas, to the Strophades, where Aeneas found them. They were commonly reckoned three in number, but the language of Virgil here appears to imply more. For the full story, see Class. Dict. 221. Nullo custode. Gr. 257, R. 7, (a). H. 430. B. 972. - 223. Partern praedamque = partem HARPy. praedae, by hendiadys. See on I. 61. 224. Toros. Made of turf.....Dapi. 201. Coelo = in coelo. bus. Gr. 245, II. 4. H. 414, 4. B. 883. AENEIDOS LIB. III. 105 At subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt 225 Harpyiae et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas, Diripiuntque dapes, contactuque omnia foedant Immundo; tum vox tetrum dira inter odorem. Rursum in secessu longo sub rupe cavata, Arboribus clausi circum atque horrentibus umbris, 230 Instruimus mensas arisque reponimus ignem: Rursum ex diverso coeli caecisque latebris Turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis,/ Polluit ore dapes. Sociis tune, arma capessant, Edico, et dira bellum cum gente gerendum. 235 Haud secus ac jussi faciunt, tectosque per herbam Disponunt enses et scuta latentia condunt. Ergo ubi delapsae sonitum per curva dedere Litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta Aere cavo. Invadunt socii et nova proelia tentant, 240 Obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres. Sed neque vim plumis ullam nec vulnera tergo Accipiunt, celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae Semiesam praedam et vestigia foeda relinquunt. Una in praecelsa consedit rupe Celaeno, 245 Infelix vates, rumpitque hanc pectore vocem: "Bellum etiam pro caede boum stratisque juvencis, "Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis, "Et patrio.Harpyias insontes pellere regno? "' Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta. 250 " Quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo "Praedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando. 229-30. Nearly repeated from I. 310-11. 247. P r o. "As a return for,"- said 231. Reponimus ignem. To be un- sarcastically. derstood of a second sacrifice, the first 248. Laomedontiadae. A term of rebeing implied in line 222. proach here, as sometimes elsewhere, in 2M2. Diverso = diversa parte. allusion to the perfidy of Laomedon. See 235. Edico. Observe the different con- on II. 610. Cf. also IV. 542. structions dependent upon this: (ut) ca- 249. Patrio regno. The Harpies were pessant and bellum gerendum (esse). daughters of Neptune, whose dominion 286-7. Tectos - latentia. Proleptic. was over the sea and islands. Some conTectos disponunt = disponunt'ut tegantur, sider patrio ='proprio, the place being and latentia condunt = condunt ut lateant. simply assigned to them by the gods. See on II3786. 252. u r iarz-um. The Harpies and 241. Foe d a re. In apposition with Furies are distinct beings in Homer, but proelia. are often confounded by later poets.... Mlaxima. Sc. natu. 1t63 P. VIR GIL II MIAR ONIS "Italiam cursu petitis; ventisque vocatis "Ibitis Italiam, portusque intrare licebit; "Sed non ante datam cingetis moenibus urbem, 255 "Quam vos dira fames nostraeque injuria caedis "Ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas." Dixit, et in silvam pennis ablata refugit. At sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis Deriguit; cecidere animi, nec jam amplius armis, 260 Sed votis precibusque jubent exposcere pacem,t Sive deae, seu sint dirae obscenaeque volucres. Et pater Anchises passis de litore palmis Nmina magna vocat, meritosque indicit honores: "Di, prohibete minas; di, talem avertite casum, 265 "Et placidi servate pios!" Tum litore funem Deripere, excussosque jubet laxare rudentes. niidu~int ilaNoti; fugimus spumantibus undis, Qua cursum ventusque gubernatorque vocabat. Jam medio apparet fiuctu nemorosa Zacynthos 270 Dulichiumque, Sameque, et Neritos ardua saxis. Effugimus scopulos Ithacae, LaSrtia regna, 253. Cuzrsu petitis.'It is for Italy that you are crowding all sail.' A proof of her knowledge of the present, that it N may produce belief in her prophecy. See on I. 157. 256. Caedis i. e., attempted slaughter. 257. Ambesas. Proleptic..... Subigat. After antequam. Gr. 263, 3. H. 523, II. B. 1241..... Malis. From mida. The fulfillment of this alarming prophecy occurred just after the Trojans reached Italy, and is described in VII. 107, seq. It proved to be of the most simple and harmless nature. The menesa were only the large wheaten cakes on which their other viands were laid, as on dishes, and after the consumption of the latter the former were HARPY. then devoured. This trifling incident oc- Virgil is responsible only for the conneccurred during the first repast after the tion with it of Celaeno. Trojans reached Latium, and a casual and 261. Jubent = volunt. playful remark of Iulus called the atten- 267. EWxcussos. Proleptic, as ambesas, tion of Aeneas to the fulfillment of the 257. prophecy. It need only be added that the 276. Urbi. Actium, afterwards famous prediction was part of the traditional ac- for the naval victory of Augustus over count of Aeneas' landing in Italy, and that Antony. AENEIDOS LIB. II. 107 Et terrain altricem saevi exsecramur Uhlixi. Mox et Leucatae nimbosa cacumina montis, Et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo. 275 Hunc petimus fessi, et parvae succedlmus urbi; Ancora de prora jacitur, stant litore puppes. Ergo insperata tandem tellure potiti, Lustramurque Jovi, votisque incendimus aras, Actiaque Iliacis celebramus litora ludis. 280 Exercent patrias oleo labente palaestras Nudati socil; juvat evasisse tot urbes Argolicas, mediosque fugam tenuisse per hostes. Interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum, Et glacialis hiems aquilonibus asperat undas. 285 Aere cavo clipeum, magni gestamen Abantis, Postibus. adversis figo et rem carmine signo: AENEAS HAEC DE DANAIS VICTORIBUS ARMA. Linquere tum portus jubeo et considere transtris. Certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt. 290 Protinus asrias Phaeacum abscondimus arces, Litoraque Epiri legimus, portuque subimus Chaonio et celsam Buthroti accedimus urbem. Hic incredibilis rerum fama occupat aures, Priamiden HIelenum Graias regnare per urbes, 295 Conjugio Aeacidae Pyrrhi sceptrisque potitum, Et patrio Andromachen iterum cessisse marito. Obstupui, mixoque incensum pectus amore Compellare virum et casus cognoscere taritos. Progredior portu, classes et litora linquens, 300 278. Insperata. Because of the dan- withwhich the combatants were anointed gers through which they had passed. flowed down from their bodies.. t. We perform 284. Circumvolvitur. See on II. 388. 279. Lustramur Jo."W....Annum is governed by-the crcums a lustral sacrifice to Jove,"-lit., "are pu- of.the verb, the year being equivalen to what is traversed in the year. 2fr. Celebi'amus Uitora ludis. Po287. Adversw s; i.e., facing one as he etical variety for celebramu8 ludos in litore..,.Jen. "Theact." Virgil intends a compliment to Augustus 288. Aenseas. Sc. dmedievit..... De; in these games, as the emperor had or-e., "(taken) from." dered quinquennial games to be celebrated 29 Portu. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 26. at Actium in honor of his victory. 296. Conjugio. See on II. 79. 281. Oleo labente. Abl. abs. The oil 299. Compellare. See on II. 10. 108 P. VIR GILII MA R ONIS Solemnes quum forte dapes et tristia dona Ante urbem in luco falsi Simoentis ad undam Libabat cineri Andromache, Manesque vocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum, viridi quem cespite inanem Et geminas, causam lacrimis, sacraverat aras. 305 Ut me conspexit venientem et Troia circum Arma amens vidit, magnls exterrita monstris Deriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliqnut; Labitur, et longo vlx tandem tempore fatur: "Verane te facies, verus mihi nuntius affers, 310'" Nate dea? vivisne? aut, si lux alma recessit, "Hector ubi est?" dixit, lacrimasque effudit et omnem Implevit clamore locum. Vix pauca furenti Subjicio et raris turbatus vocibus hisco: "Vivo equidem, vitamque extrema per omnia duco. 315 "Ne dubita, nam vera vides. "Heu! quis te casus dejectam conjuge tanto "Excipit? aut quae digna satis fortuna revisit "Hectoris Andromachen? Pyrrhin' connubia servas?" Dejecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est: 320 "0 O felix una ante alias Priameia virgo, "Hostilem ad tumulum Trojae sub moenibus altis "Jussa mori, quae sortitus non pertulit ullos, "iNec victoris heri tetigit captiva cubile! "Nos, patria incensa, diversa per aequora vectae, 325 "Stirpis Achilleae fastus juvenemque superbum, 301. Solemnes. "Annual." 314. Raris vocibus. "In broken ac303. Cineri; i. e., Heck~s. cents.",304. Hectoreum. See on II. 543..... 319. Hectoris. Sc. uxor. Gr. 211, R. 7. Ad tumulum. "At the tomb.".... H. 397, 1, (1). B. 755....Pyrrhin'. The JViridi quem, &c. "Which, an empty e of the enclitic ne is sometimes elided, as one, (formed) of verdant turf, she had con- here. secrated," &c. It was a cenotaph, the 321. Virgo. Polyxena, a daughter of real tomb being at Troy. Priam, was sactificed by Pyrrhus at the 305. Causam tacrimis. "-An incen- tomb of Achilles (hostilem ad tumulum), tive to grief." The dative maybe explain- by whom she had been sought in mared by supplying the full construction from riage. See Class. Dict. which this is abbreviated, qae- causa lacmnis esset. r. 211, R. 5, N. H. 390, and 325. Nos = ego, is emphatic and in con2.'~ BP81~. trast with Polyxena. 309. Longo tempore = post longum 326. Stirpis Achilleae; i. e., Pyr tempus. rhus. A ENEID OS LIB. III. 109 " Servitio enixae, tuhmus; qui deinde, secutus "Ledaeam iermionen Lacedaemoniosque hymenaeos, "Me famulo famulamque Hieleno transmisit habendam. "Ast illum, ereptae magno inflammatus amore 330 "Conjugis et scelerum Furiis agitatus, Orestes "Excipit incautum, patriasque obtruncat ad aras. "Morte Neoptolemi regnorum reddita cessit "Pars Heleno, qui Chaonios cognomine campos, "Chaoniamque omnem Trojano a Chaone dixit, 335 "Pergamaque Iliacamque jugis hanc addidit arcem. "Sed tibi qui cursum venti, quae fata dedere? "Aut quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris? " Quid puer Ascanius? Superatne et vescitur aura, " Quem tlbi jam Troja- 340 "Ecqua tamen puero est amissae cura parentis? "Ecquid in antiquam virtutem animosque viriles. "Et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitat Hector?" Talia fundebat lacrimans longosque ciebat Incassum fletus, quum sese a moenibus heros 345 Priamides multis Helenus comitantibus affert, Agnoscitque suos, laetusque ad limina ducit, Et multum lacrimas verba inter singula fundit. 327. -Enixae. Andromache bore to ing been given up," with the accessory Pyrrhus during her servitude a son named notion of the pars regnorum being due to Molossus. Helenus for his faithful services. Such 329. I Gave to Helenus, a slave, me, a appears to be the meaning of the word, slave also (que), to be possessed." Que but its sense is disputed. is used here in the sejse of et ipsam, or 336. Jusii. Gr. 224. H. 386. B. 26... etlarn. Arcem simply explains Pergama by 330. Ereptae conjugis. "For his epexegesis. 339. Quid (sc. agit). " How fares?" betrothed wife snatched from him." ~Hermione had been betrothed in marriage to 340. The only instance in Virgil of a her cousin Orestes, without the knowledge hemistich with the sense incomplete. of Menelauns, but during the siege of Troy Why the line was not finished is left wholly to conjecture. One of the best of she was promised by her father to Pyrrhus, who, after the close of the war, the numerous suggestions for its compleclaimed and mard ter. tion adds the words obsessa est enixa claimed and married her. Greusa. With these we may translate, 331. Furiis agitatus. See, Orestes in "whom (Creusa bore) to thee when Troy Lexicon. (was) already (besieged)." 333. Morte. "Atthe death,"-an abl. 341. Tamen. "Still;' i. e., although of time....Regnorum pars; i. e., Epi- she is dead. How Andromache knew of rms, which had been added by Pyrrhus to the death of Creusa we can only imagine; his paternal Phthia.... Reddita. "Hav. there is no clew in the text. i10o P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS. Procedo, et parvam Trojam simulataque magnis Pergama et arentem Xanthi cognomine rivum 350 Agnosco, Scaeaeque amplector limina portae. Nec non et Teucri socia simul urbe fruuntur. Illos porticibus rex acoipiebat in amplis; Aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi, Impositis auro dapibus, paterasque tenebant. 355 Jamque dies alterque dies processit, et aurae Vela vocant, tumidoque inflatur carbasus austro: His vatem aggredior dictis ac talia quaeso: "Trojugena, interpres divuim, qui numina Phoebi, " Qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis 360 "Et volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae, "Fare age —namque omnem cursum mihi prospera dixit " Religio, et cuncti suaserunt numine divi "Italiam petere et'terras tentare repostas; " Sola novum dictuque nefas Harpyia Celaeno 365 "Prodigium canit, et tristes denuntiat iras, "Obscenamque famem-quae prima pericula vito? " Quidye sequens tantos possim superare labores?" Hic Helenus, caesis primum de more juvencis, Exorat pacem divufm, vittasque resolvit 370 Sacrati capitis, meque ad tua limina, Phoebe, 354. Aulai. Gr. 43, 1. H. 42, 3t 2). B. 55. 355. Dapibus; i. e., for the gods. This and the previous line refer only to the religious ceremonies that we may suppose preceded the banquet given to the guests.' 361. Note the two modes of divination from birds here referred to. 365. Dictu nefas. Gr. 276, m. R. 2. H. 570 and 1. B. 1365-6. Nefas = nefandum, as it is in the same construction as sovum. 367. Vito. On account of the long intervening parenthesis, the question seems TRIPOD. to have lost its dependence onfare, and to have assumed the direct form; hence the 350. Xanthi cognomine. Gr. 211, R. indicative. In posi/m, however, in the 6, (1). H. 428, 2.. next line, the subjunctive is either a re351. Amplector. An ancient custom turn to the indirect question, or is depenwith-those who returned home after' a dent on sequens, which we may consider = long absence. si sequar. AENEID OS LIB. ITI. 111 Ipse manu multo suspensum numine ducit, Atque haec deinde canit divino ex ore sacerdos: "Nate dea, —nam te majoribus ire per altum "Auspiciis manifesta fides: sic fata deuim rex 375 "Sortitur, volvitque vices; is vertitur ordo"Pauca tibi e multis, quo tutior hospita lustres "Aequora et Ausonio possis considere portu, "Expediam dictis; prohibent nam cetera Parcae'Scire Helenum farique vetat Saturnia Juno. 380 "Principio Italiam, quam tu jam rere propinquam, "Vicinosque, -ignare, paras invadere portus, "Longa procul longis via dividit invia terris. "Ante et Trinacria lentandus remus in unda, "Et salis Ausonii lustrandum navibus aequor, 385 "Infernique lacus Aeaeaeque insula Circae, " Quam tuta possis urbem componere terra. " Signa tibi dicam; tu condita mente teneto: " Quum tibi.sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam "Litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus, 390 "Triginta c.apitum fetus enixa, jacebit, 372. Multo numine. "Abundant" dividit, but it may be placed, in like manor " abounding presence." ner, at the beginning of the.English sen374. Majoribus auspiciis. "Under tence. The reference in longa':ia and the greater auspices;" i. e., under the fa- longis terris is to the impracticable route vor of the greater gods, especially Jupiter. by land across the peninsula, and not to 375. Manifesta fides. Sc. est mihi. a journey by sea. Aeneas probably sup377. IIospita. "Strange," rather than posed that he had' simply to cross the " friendly." Adriatic. Helenus informs him in sub380. Fart. Supply eum, referring to stance that the whole impassible breadth Helenus. of the penifsula is between him and La381. Italiam; i. e., the part of Italy tium, and that he must reach his destinaallotted to thee..... Tu - propinquam. tion by a long circuitous sea voyage. Notice the emphasis of each. 384. Ante. With quam in 387.... Len382. "And whose ports thou, in thy ig- tendus (est). "Must be bent." norance, art preparing to enter as if neigh- 386. Lacus - insula. Observe the boring ones." This free translation re- zeugma in the connection of these words produces the emphasis of vicnos, which is with 1 trandum. difficult to obtain by a literal rendering. 387. Possis. Gr. 263, 3. R. 523,11. B. Ijnare is nearly equivalent to ignarus, 387. ossis. Gr, whfch cage we would rather have ex- pected. Supply cujus before portus. 388. Signa. "The tokens;" i.e., that 383. Construe, Longa via, invia, dividit thy destination has been reached, as approcul (a te) longis terris. "A long way, pears from what follows. impossible to be traversed, separates far 389. TPbi. For a te, and limits invents. (from thee) by a long stretch of country." By secrett fluminis is meant a sequestered "taliam above is of course the object of part of the river Tiber. 1n2 P. VIR GILII A R ONIS. "Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati, "Is locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum. "Nec tu mensarunz morsus horresce futuros: "Fata viam invenient, aderitque vocatus Apollo. 395 "Has autem terras, Italique hane litoris oram, " Proxima quae nostri perfunditur aequoris aestu, "Effuge; cuncta malis habitantur moenia Graiis. "RHic et Narycii posuerunt moenia Locri, "Et Sallentinos obsedit milite campos: 400 "Lyctius Idomeneus; hic illa ducis Meliboei "Parva Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro. " Quin, ubi transmissae steterint trans aequora classes, " Et positis aris jam vota in litore solves, "' Purpureo velare comas adopertus amictu, 405 " Ne qua inter sanctos ignes in honore deorum " Hostilis facies occurrat. et omina turbet. "' Hunc socii morem sacrorum, hune ipse teneto; "R ac casti maneant in religione nepotes. * " Ast ubi digressum Siculae te admoverit orae 410 "Ventus, et angusti rarescent claustra Pelori, "Laeva tibi tellus et longo laeva petantur "Aequora circuitu; dextrum fuge litus et undas. "Haec loca vi quondam et vasta convulsa ruina"Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas- 415 396. -ta s - han c. These words are an enemy," but it seems better to take used as if the speaker were pointing to the them in the more' indefinite sense of an east coast of Italy. "adverse" or " inauspicious appearance." 402. Philoctetae. Better with Petelia 412. Laeva tellus; i. e., Sicily. than with muro..... Subnixa muro. 413. Dextrurn litius; i. e., Italy. The See on I. 506. simple meaning is, instead of turning to 406. Velare. Imperative passive. See the right, keeping along the Italian coast, on II. 383.....Comas. Greek acc., with and passing through the straits to the ekiare. We have here the fancied origin north, turn to the left and coast entirely of the distinctive Roman custom of sacri- around Sicily, thus avoiding the dangers ficing with covered head. The Greeks did of Scylla and Charybdis. not observe this practice. ~406. In honore deorum. "During 414. Construe, Ferunt haec loca, quon6. In honore deorm "During dam convulsa vi et vastd ruind dissiluisse. the sacrifice to the gods." The words express the same thing as inter sancto8 ignes. 415. Aevi = temporis. Conington says ef. tGeo. Iam. 48f6, in intre deun medio,- of this line,-' The expression would seem "in the middle of a sacrifice to the gods." to suit a gradual rather than a violent On this use of ahonor, cf. I. 632. change; but Virgil doubtless means no 40o7. JIostilis facies. ESome refer more than that a long period of years these words to the literal "appearance of gives time for accidental convulsions.' AENEIDOS LIB. III. 113 "Dissiluisse ferunt, quum protinus utraque tellus " Una foret; venit medio vi pontus, et undis "Hesperium Siculo latus abscidit, arvaque et urbes "Litore diductas angusto interluit aestu. "Dextrum Scylla latus, laevum implacata Charybdis, 420 " Obsidet, atque imo barathri ter gurgite vastos "Sorbet in abruptum fluctus, rursusquo sub auras ". Erigit alternos et sidera verberat unda. "At Scyllam caecis cohibet'spelunca latebris, "Ora exsertantem et naves in saxa trahentem. 425 "Prima hominis facies et pulchro pectore virgo " Pube tenus; postrema immani corpore pistrix, "Delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum. "Praestat JTrinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni "Cessantem, longos et circumflectere cursus, 430 "Quam semel informem vasto vidisse sub antro "Scyllam et caeruleis canibus resonantia saxa. "Praeterea, si qua est Heleno prudentia, vati "Si qua fides, animum si veris implet Apollo, 416. Protinus una. "Continuously one." 417. Medio. Some say.an abl. of place = in medio; others call it a dative = in medium. In either construction it may be rendered "between." 419. Litore diductas. "Separated by the shores." On the singular litore for the plural, cf. capite, 11. 219. There is no better explanation of these words than the most literal and obvious one. Virgil certainly had a poet's privilege to regard the shores as a means of separation rather than the intervening water; especiay when the idea of the latter had been al- SCYLLa. ready introduced two or three times in the passage. Litore of course involves the idea of mari, but is not, as Heyne 427. Pufe tenus. "As far as the mid thinks, equivalent to it....Aestu. Abl. dle.".... Postrema. Sc.facies est. of manner. 428. Caudas. A Greek acc., with conm421. Imo barathri gwr urgite. "With miesa. The meaning of the line simply is the deepest whirlpool of its gulf.m" that the tails of dolphins are joined to the 422. In abruptumn (= profucndum) bodies of wolves or dogs. "Into its abyss." 426. Prima. "The upper part of.".... 432. Canibus. The same as the hipi Hominis. Gr. 211, R.-8, (1). H. 401. B. of line 428, both words being uped indif781...Facies. Sc. est. ferently. 114 P. VIR.GII II MAR ONIS "Unum illud tibi, nate dea, proque omnibus unum 435 "Praedicam et repetens iterumque iterumque monebo: "Junonis magnae primum prece numen adora.; "Junoni cane vota libens, dominamque potentem "Supplicibus supera donis: sic denique victor "Trinacria fines Italos mittere relicta. I. 440 " Huc ubi delatus Cumaeam accesseris urbem "Divinosque lacus et Averna sonantia silvis, "Insanam vatem adspicies, quae rupe sub ima "Fata canit, foliisque notas et nomina mandat. "Quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, 445 "' Digerit in numerum, atque antro seclusa relinquit. "Illa manent immota locis, neque ab ordine cedunt; "Verum eadem, verso tenuis quum cardine ventus "' Impulit et teneras turbavit janup frondes, " Numquam deinde cavo volitautia prendere saxo, 450 "Nec revocare situs aut jungere carmina. curat: " Inconsulti abeunt, sedemaque odere Sibyllae. "Hic tibi ne qua.morae fuerint dispendia tanti" Quamvis increpitent socii, et vi cursus in altum "Vela vocet possisque sinus implere secundos-, 455 "Quin adeas vatem, precibusque oracula poscas "Ipsa canat, vocemque volens atque ora resolvat. " Illa tibi Italiae populos venturaque bella, "Et quo quemque modo fugiasque ferasque laborem, "Expediet, cursusque dabit venerata secundos. 460 4385. Pro omnibus. "For" or "in 448. Zadem. This may be referred place of all (others)." either to carmina or to virgo, —better to 437. Primunra. "In the first place;" the former. i.e., as the first thing to do. 453. Construe, iic ne qua adipendia mo438. C a n e. "Address,"' —more lit., rae fueint tanti tibi, &c. "Here let not "chant," or "hymn." Religious formu- any," &c..... Tanti. Gr. 214 and R. 1. H. las were commonly rhythmical. 402, m. and 1. B. 799. 440. F~izes = ad fines. 456. Quin. Gr. 262, R. 10, 2. H. 498 and 442. Silvis. "With woods,"-an abl. 1. B. 1230.....Precibus, &c. Construe, of cause. In ancient times thick forests Precibusque poscas (ut) ipsa canat oracula. encircled this gloomy lake, and we may refer sonantia to the moaning of the wind 457. Canat. Gr. 262, R. 4. H. 493, 2. B. through these. 1203..... Volens. Gr. 205, R. 15. H. 443. 446. Digerit in numerum; i. e., in B. 663. the order of the succession of the events 459. Quo modo. "How.'.....Q.ue - which she predicts. que. Disjunctive and = "either-or." AENEID OS LIB. III. 115 "Haec sunt, quae nostra liceat te voce moneri. "Vade age, et ingentem factis fer ad aethera Trojam." Quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, Dona dehinc auro gravia sectoque elephanto Imperat ad naves ferri, stipatque carinis 465 Ingens argentum Dodonaeosque lebetas, Loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem, Et conum insignis galeae cristasque comantes, Arma Neoptolemi. Sunt et: sua dona parenti. Addit equos, additque duces; 470 Remigium supplet; socios simul instra-uit armis. Interea classem velis aptare jubebat Anchises, fieret vento mora ne qua ferenti. Quem Phoebi interpres multo compellat honore: " Conjugio, Anchive, Veneris dignate superbo, 475 "Cura deum, his Pergameis erepte ruinis,. "Ecce tibi Ausoniae tellus; hane arripe velis. " Et tamen hanc pelago praeterlabare necesse est; " Ausoniae pars illa procul, quam pandit Apollo. "Vade," ait, " o felix nati pietate! Quid ultra A 480 "Provehor, et fando surgentes demoror austros?" Nec minus Andromache, digressu maesta supremo, Fert picturatas auri subtemine vestes Et Phrygiam Ascanio chlamydem, nee cedit- honori, 461. Liceat. Gr. 264, 1, (b). H. 501, I. 476. Bis erepte. The first time on the B. 1218. destruction of Troy by Hercules. See on 462. Ingentem. Proleptic. II. 643. 466. Ingens. See on I. 640.... Dodo- 477. Tibi. Gr. 228, 3. H. 381, 3, 3). B. naeos lebetas; i.e., such as are sus- 1011. The dative is really dependent upon pended in the sacred grove of Dodona, a verb understood.... ellus. See on En from the sound of which, when struck,,the Priamus, I. 461......Hanc - kanc. The priests learn the will of Jupiter. former refers to Italy in general; the lat467. Auro trilicem. The lorica was ter has a special reference to the eastern of chain mail, constructed of a triple tis- coast, nearest Epirus. sue of gold hooks or rings. 478. PraeterlabaTr. Supplyutbefore 469. Sua. See on I. 461. this, after necesse est. Gr. 262, R. 4. H. 470. Duces. "Guides," or "pilots." 496, 1. 471. Rclnigium. " A band of rowers." 484. Ascanio. Join with fert.... Nee Some translate it as = remos, but this cedit honori. "Nor does she fall short seems less satisfactory....Armis. "Ar- of (lit., yield to) the honor (due him)." mor." Others translate the clause, "Nor does 475. Dignate. Gr. 162,17, (a). H. 221, she fall short of the honor (that Helenus 2. B. 1346. has shown to the Trojans)." Wagner in 116 P. VIR GILII MAR O NIS Textilibusque onerat donis, ac talia fatur: 485 "Accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum "Sint, puer, et longum Andromachae testentur amorem, "Conjugis llectoreae. Cape dona extrema tuorum, "0 mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago. "Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat; 490 "Et nunc aequali tecum pubesceret aevo." Hos ego digrediens lacrimis affabar obortis: "Vivite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta "'Jam sua! Nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur. "Vobis parta quies; nullum maris aequor arandum, 495 "Arva neque Ausoniae semper cedentia retro "Q.uaerenda. Effigiem Xanthi Trojamque videtis, " Quam vestrae fecere manus, melioribus, opto, "Auspiciis, et quae fuerit minus obvia Graiis. "Si quando Thybrim vicinaque Thybridis arva 500 "Intraro, gentique meae data moenia cernam, " Cognatas urbes olim populosque propinquos, "Epiro, Hesperia, quibus idem Dardanus auctor "Atque idem casus, unam faciemus utramque " Trojam animis; maneat nostros ea cura nepotes." 505 Provehimur pelago vicina Ceraunia juxta, Unde iter Italiam cursusque brevissimus undis. Sol ruit interea et montes umbrantur opaci. Sternimur optatae gremio telluris ad undam, terprets, "Nor does it (the chamys) yield equivalent to a present participle of superto the beauty (of the other embroidered esse, or to quas cuperest. robes." Conington suggests:as a possible 498. Meliortibus auspiciis. Abl. meaning, "Nor does she flag in the work abs. of honoring him;" i. e., give way to honor 499. Fuerit. Future perfect. as if she were contending with it. The first interpretation, the old one of Servius 502. Olim. Join withfaciemus. and Donatus, and substantially adopted 503. Epiro, (et) Hesperia. Sc. in. by Forbiger, appears to be the least ob- 504. Utramque. In apposition with jectionable. urbes and populos. The order is, Facieinus 486. JEt haec. "These also;" i. e., be- utramque unam Troam animis. sides the gifts Helenus has presented to 505. Animis. "In spirit." Gr. 250. the rest. H. 429. B. 889. 507. Italiam. See on 1. 2.... Undis 487. Sint - testentur. Gr. 26i4, 5. H. per undas. 500. B. 1205. 508. Ruit. Cf. the use of this word in 489. Mi h i. Limits super, which is II.250. A ENEIDOS LIB. III. 117 Sortiti remos, passimque in litore sicco - 510 Corpora curamus; fessos sopor irrigat artus. Necdum orbem medium nox horis acta subibat: ilaud segnis strato surgit Palinurus, et omnes Explorat ventos, atque auribus aera captat; Sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia coelo, 515 Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, Armatumque auro circumspicit Oriona. Postquam cuncta videt coelo constare sereno, Dat clarum e puppi signum; nos castra movemus, Tentamusque viam et veloram pandimus alas. X 520 Jamque rubescebat stellis Awrora fugatis, Quum procul obscuros colles humilemque videmus Itakliam. Italiam primus conclamat Achates, Italiam laeto socii clamore salutant. Tum pater Anchises magnum cratera corona 525 Induit implevitque mero, divosque vocavit Stans celsa in puppi: "Di, maris et terrae tempestatumque potentes, "Ferte viam vento facilem, et spirate secundi." Crebrescunt optatae aura portusque patescit 530 Jam propior, templumque apparet in arce Minervae. Vela legunt socii, et proras ad litora torquent. Portus ab Euroo fiuctu curvatus in arcum; Objectae salsa. spumant adspargine cautes; Ipse latet; gemino demittunt brachia muro 535 510. Sortiti remos; i.e., to decide 520. qhe entire verse is a metaphor from who should be the rowers in the morning, the flight of birds. in order to avoid all confusion and delay 527. In puppi. The images of the in getting an early start. vessel's tutelary gods were in the stern. 512. Necdum, &c.; i. e., it was not yet 529. Yento. Abl. of means. With famidnight. Notice the personification, of cilem or with ferte. night and the hours.'530. Portus. This was probably what 516. Repeated from L 744. It is perhaps was afterwards called Portus Veneris. better to take the accusatives with notat 533. Ab Ezroo fluctu. Anthon and than with circUmspicit. Conington consider this an expression of agency. Others translate ab "from;" i. e., 518. Coeto = in coelo... Constare. removed or sheltered from. The interpreLit., " stand fixed;" i. e., "are settled," tation of the former is the simpler, and is "tranquil." admissible, if we regard fuctu as semi519. Dat signutm. Probably with a personified. trumpet.... Nos. Why expressed? 535. Ipse. Sc. portus. 118 P. VIR GILII M AR ONIS Turriti scopuli, refugitque ab litore templum. Quatuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi Tondentes campum late, candore nivali. Et pater Anchises: "Bellum, o terra hospita, portas; "Bello armantur equi, bellumrn haec armenta minantur. 540 "Sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti "Quadrupedes, et frena jugo cencordia ferre; "Spes et pacis," ait. Tumrn numina sancta precamur Palladis armisonae, quae prima accepit ovantes, Et capita ante aras Phrygio velamur amictu; 545 Praeceptisque Heleni, dederat quae maxima, rite Junoni Argivae jussos adolemus honores. Haud mora; continuo perfectis ordine votis, Cornu:t velatarum obvertimus antennarum, Grajugenfimque domos suspectaque linquimus arva. 550 Hinc sinus Herculei, si-vera est fama, Tarenti Cernitur; attollit se diva Lacinia contra, Caulonisque arces et navifragum Scylaceum. Tumrn procul e fluctu Trinacria cernitur Aetna, Et gemitum ingentem pelagi pulsataque saxa 555 Audimus longe fractasque ad litora voces, Exsultantque vada, atque aestu miscentur arenae.\ Et pater Anchises: "Nimirum haec illa Charybdis g " Hos elenus scopulos, haec saxa horrenda canebat. "Ej__e, o socii, pariterque insurgite remis!" 560 Hauld inus ac jussi faciunt, primusque rudentem Contorsit Iaevas proram Palinurus ad undas; Laevam cuncta cohors remis' ventisque petivit. Tollimur in coelum curvato gurgite, et idem 536. Refugit. At a distance the tem- 545. Velamur. See on 405. ple appeared to be hear the shore; but as 546. P rae c ep t i8. "In accordance they approach, it is found to-be situated with. &c."....iMaxima. "As most im on an eminence further back. portant." Cf. 434,ff. 537. P-rirnum omene. Cf. I. 442, ff 551. Hine. "Then.".... Ilercttci. 539. Hospita. See on 377. "Founded by Hercules."....Si - famna. 540. -elluo =tad bebllu;.: "For war." Of the traditions respecting Tarentum, 541. Oliim. "At times.".... Curru = one ascribed its origin to Hercules. currti.....Succedere. Lit., "to go up 552. Diva Lacinia. The goddess for to;" hence, "to be joined to." her temple. Cf.'275. 542. Jugo = sub jugo... 560. ripite. Sc. vos. A ENEID OS LIB. III. D9 Subducta ad Manes imos desedimus unda. 565 Ter scopuli clamorem inter cava saxa dedere; Ter spumam elisam et rorantia vidimus astra. Interea fessos ventus cun sole reliquit, Ignarique viae Cyclopum allabimur oris. Portus ab accessu ventorum immotus et ingens 570 Ipse; sed horrificis juxta tonat Aetna ruinis, Interdumque atram prorumpit ad aethera nubem, Turbine fumantem piceo et candente favilla, Attollitque globos flammarum, et sidera lambit; Interdum scopulos avulsaque viscera montis 575 Erigit eructans, liquefactaque saxa sub auras Cumi gemitu glomerat, fundoque exaestuat imo. Fama est Enceladi? semiustum fulmine corpus Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam Impositam ruptis flammam exspirare caminis; X 580 Et fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo. Noctem illam tecti silvis immania- monstra Perferimus, nee, quae sonitum det causa, videmus: Nam neque erant astrorum ignes, nec lucidus aethra 585 Siderea poluS, obscuro sed nitbila coelo, Et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat. Postera jamque dies primo surgebat Eoo, 565. Desedimusa. "We have sunk." 570. Ab. Cf. on 533. -_ 571. Ipse. So far as the harbor itself was concerned, it was capacioas and sheltered, but the neighborhood: ogfAetna suaggested danger.....RBinis. TI.mwy, perhaps be rendered " eruptions,," as the verb ruee occasionally siganfies an upward motion. See Lexicon. 576. Sub auras - glomerat. "Rolls BURS up to the air;" i.e., at mouth of the cra- 582 Subteere. For the two con582. Subtexere. For thee two conter. structions of this word, see subtexo in 578. Semiustum. Scanned as a tri- ein. Lekicon. syleable, 8emn-yus-tunm. -585-6. Ne q u e - p o u s8 These two 579. Insuper. Cf. I.'61. clauses mean nearly the same -thing.... 580. Ruptis camtnis. Lit., "From Nubila. Sc.erart. its burst furnaces;" i. e., the passages or 588. Primo Eoo. Abl. of time. ous, cavities of the mountain....Flammnam; the morning-star, is here used by meton. i. c., that breathed forth by the giant. for the morning or dawn itself. 120 P. VIR GILII MAR ONIS. Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram: Quum subito e silvis, macie confecta suprema, 590 Ignoti nova forma viri miserandaque cultu Procedit, supplexque manug ad litora tendit. Respicimus. Dira illuvies immissaque barba, Consertum tegumen spinis; at cetera Graius, Et quondam patriis ad Trojam missus in armis. 595 Isque ubi Dardanios habitus et Troia vidit Arma procul, paulum adspectu conterritus haesit, Continuitque gradum; mox sese ad litora praeceps Cum fietu precibusque tulit: "Per sidera testor, "Per superos atque hoc coeli spirabile lumen, 600' Tollite me, Teucri; quascumque abducite terras; "Hoc sat erit. Scio me Danais e classibus unum, "Et bello Iliacos fateor petiisse Penates. "Pro quo, si sceleris tanta est injuria nostri, "Spargite me in fiuctus, vastoque immergite ponto. 605 " Si pereo, hominum manibus periisse juvabit." Dixerat, et genua amplexus genibusque volutans Haerebat. Qui sit, fari, quo sanguine cretus, Hortamur; quae deinde agitet fortuna fateri. Ipse pater dextram Anchises, haud multa moratus, 610 Dat juveni, atque animum praesenti pignore firmat. Ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur: "Sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, 590. Macie sutprema. Abl. of manner. 601. Terras = ad terras. See on I. 2.... Confecta (from confirio), "wasted." 602. Scio. To be scanned as a mono591. No v a. "Strange.'?....Cu I t u. syllable, by Synaeresis. Referring to his dress and external ap- 604. Nestoi _ nme/, although it may, as peiarance. some think, be used literally, and refer to 593. Respicimus. The re appears t he guiltofthewhole nation. denote' a repeated or attentive survey.... 607 Genibus. This is generally and 1W1uvies - barbas - fegumen. Sc. erant is best taken as a dative with haerebat. Cf. IV. 78. The abl. is also used after this'594._V,4ers. Ge.'.24, II. R. 3. H. 380, verb. Some, however, join it with volu2. M ~''" 59. Et = et quidema.....Patris in tans as a local ablative, a construction srmis. "In'his,ountrys ar'in I'i'.e., certainly favored by the arrangement oI in its military service. The words do not imply that he was still wearing the armor 608-9. Pari - fateri. See on amare, of a Greek. 134.... Deinde. Join withfateri. 599. Testor = oro,,or precor. 610. Multa. An adverb. See on I. 600. Lumen. For aies. 465. AENEID OS LIB. III. 121 "Nomen Achemenides, Trojam, genitore Adamasto "Paupere-mansissetque utinam fortuna!-, profectus. 615 "Hic me, dum trepidi crudelia limina linquunt, "Immemores socii vasto Cyclopis in antro "Deseruere. Domus sanie dapibusque cruentis, "Intus opaca, ingens. Ipse arduus, altaque pulsat "Sidera-Di, talem terris avertite pestem!-. t 620 "Nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilis ulli. "Visceribus miserorum et sanguine vescitur atro. "Vidi egomet, duo de numero quum corpora nostro "Prensa manu magna medio resupinus in antro "Frangeret ad saxum, sanieque exspersa natarent 625 "Limina; vidi, atro quum membra fluentia tabo " Manderet, et tepidi tremerent sub dentibus artus. "Haud impune quidem; nec talia passus Ulixes, "Oblitusve sui est Ithacus discrimine tanto. "Nam simul, expletus dapibus vinoque sepultus, 630 "Cervicem inflexam posuit, jacuitque per antrum "Immensus, saniem eructans et frusta cruento " Per somnum commixta mero, nos, magna precati "Numina sortitique vices, una undique circum "Fundimur, et telo lumen terebramus acuto, 635 " Ingens, quod torva solum sub fronte latebat, "Argolici clipei aut Phoebeae lampadis instar, 613. Uliei. For the form, see on I, 30. 630. Simul = simul atque. 614. Nonmen. Sc. est.....Genitore - 631. Per. Observe the idea of his paupere. Abl. abs., denoting the reason great length indicated by this word. for his engaging in the Trojan war. Cf. 633.' Mlero. The wine had been given the similar statement of Sinon respecting to him by Ulysses. his father, II. 87. 634. Sortiti vices. In reference to 615. Fortuna; i. e., my humble condi- the parts, more or less dangerous, which tion,-' would that I had been content with they had each to take in the desperate atmy lot,' is his meaning. tempt. Homer represents the Greeks as 616. Dum linqutunt - deseruere. casting lots for only four to assist Ulysses. Observe the connection of tenses. Virgil appears to make them all partici617. Imnmemores. Sc.' mi. pants. For the original story, wilh all the Homeric fulness of detail, see'the 9th 618. Sanie daplb6usque. Abl. of char- Book of the Odyssey. acter. See on astro superbo, I. 639. 635. 1elo. The sharpened stake or 620. Di-pestem. Cf. 265. tree of Homer. 621. Ulli. Gr. 225, II. H. 388, II. 3. B. 637. Argolici cUpei. This was round 844. and sufficiently large to protect the whole 629. Ve. For nec. See on 43....Sui; body. Ordinary Roman shields wereoval. i. e., of his cunning..... Phoebeae lampadis; i. e., the sun. 122 P. VIR'GILII MAR ONIS "Et tandem laeti sociorum ulciscimur umbras. "Sed fugite, o miseri, fugite, atque ab litore funem "Rumpite. 640 "Nam, qualis quantusque cavo Polyphemus in antro "Lanigeras claudit pecudes atque ubera pressat, "Centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora vulgo "Infandi Cyclopes et altis montibus errant. "Tertia jam Lunae se cornua lumine complent, 645 "Quum vitam in silvis inter deserta ferarum "Lustra domosque traho, vastosque ab rupe Cyclopas "Prospicio, sonitumque pedum vocemque tremisco. "Victum infelicem, baccas lapidosaque corna, "Dant rami, et vulsis pascunt radicibus herbae. 650 "' Omnia collustrans, hanc primum ad litora classem "Conspexi venientem. Huic me, quaecumque fuisset, "Addixi: satis est gentem effugisse nefandam. " Vos animam hanc potius quocumque absumite leto." Vix ea fatus erat, summo quum monte videmus 655 Ipsum inter pecudes vasta se mole moventem Pastorem Polyphemum et litora nota petentem, rum. Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptTrunca manun pinus regit et vestigia firmat; The form, size and brightness of these 652. Fiuisset. "It should (prove to) objects are all points of comparison.... be." The expression in oratio directa, at Instar. In apposition with quod. the time when he made the resolution, 641. Qualis - claudit, &;c. The full would have been huic me addicam, quaeexpression would be quas quantusque cumque fuerit. Gr. 266, 2, R. 4. H. 533. (est) Polyphemnus (qui) claudit, &c., (tales 4. B. 1296. Cf. tulisset, II. 94. et tanti sunt) centum alii (Jyclopes (qui) 653. Addixci me. " I devoted myself," vulgo habitant, &c. -a strong expression, denoting total sur645. Tertia- complent; i. e., it is al- render. 654. Potius; i.e., rather than leave ready the third month. me here. 646. Quum traho. "Since I have 656. Vasta mole. "Of vast bulk,"been," &c. abl. of character or quality. 647. Ab rupe. Referring to the situa- 658.'This line is composed with wontion of the Cyclopes, —" (towering) from derful skll. The spondees, the equal caethe rocks." Some connect the phrase suras, the frequent elisions, and.the harsh with prospicio. sounds of the words, most admirably ex050. Vulsis radicibus her-bae. press the nature of the monstrous Poly"Herbs torn up by the roots," —lit., " the phemus'.-Bryce. roots having been torn up." Vulsis radic- 659. lzanu = in manu. "(Borne) in ibus is a variety for vulsae a radicibus, his hand." It seems better to regard the and is to, be thus construed with herbae, word as thus dependent upon some partinot with pascunt. -' ciple or verb understood, than to join it A ENEID O S LIB. III. 123 Lanigerae comitantur oves; ea sola voluptas, 660 Solamenque mall. Postquam altos tetigit fluctus et ad aequora venit, $, Luminis effossi fluidum lavit inde cruorem, Dentibus infrendens gemitu, graditurque per aequor Jam medium, necdum fluctus latera ardua tinxit., 665 Nos procul inde fugam trepidi celerare, recepto Supplice sic merito, tacitique incidere funem; Verrimus et proni certantibus aequora remis Sensit, et ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit. Verum ubi nulla datur dextra affectare potestas, 670 Nec potis Ionios fluctus aequare. sequendo, Clamorem immensum tollit, quo pontus et omnes Intremuere undae, penitusque exterrita tellus Italiae, curvisque immugiit Aetna cavernis. At genus e silvis Cyclopum et montibus altis 675 Excitum ruit ad portus et litora complent. Cernimus adstantes nequidquam lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres, coelo capita alta ferentes, Concilium horrendum: quales quum vertice celso with regit as an abl. of instrment, as 669. Vocis. Referring probably to the some do. Compare with this the well noise of the oars. known lines of Milton, P. L. I. 284:-. 670. Affeetare potestas. The prose " His spear, to equal which the tallest pine expression would be a/ectandi potestas. Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast 671. Potis (e8t) = pote8t. Sc. PollypeOf some great admiral, were but a wand, mu8.... Ionios - sequendo. Because He walked with to support uneasy steps, the waves bear us away too swiftly. Thus Over the burning marle." the best modern commentators, but much Trunca; i. e., lopped of its branches..... can be said in favor of the old interpreta~estigia is the object of both verbs. tion, viz., because he could not equal by 660. Ea. Gr. 206, (8). H. 445, 4. B. 695. his size the depth of the sea. 662. See on II. 353. 673. Penitus. "Far within."....E.x663. Inde = de fluctibu8 s; i. e., with territa. Sc. et. water dipped from the sea. 676. Ruit - complent. Observe the difference of number. Gr. 209, R. 11, (2). H. 461. B. 649. There is a conception of of ablatives?.... Per. equor medium. individuality in the poet's mind as the Not of course to be taken literally, but in Cyclopea stand upon the shore. the sense of " through the open sea." 677. Nequidquam. Because unable 666. Inde. Adv. of place..... Cele- to harm us. rare-incidere. Gr. 209, R. 5. H. 545, 678. Aetnaeos. So called because'1. B...137.... Recepto supplice. Abl. dwelling around Aetna.... Coelo. See on abs. H. 186.: 667. Sic merito. " Having'thus de- 679. Ver-tice celso. "Onalofty served;" i. e., to be received. mountain-top." 124 P. VIR GII II MAR ONIS. Aeriae quercus, aut coniferae cyparissi 680 Constiterunt, silva alta Jovis, lucusve Dianae. Praecipites metus acer agit quocumque rudentes Excutere, et ventis intendere vela secundis. Contra jussa monent Heleni, Scyllam atque Charybdim Inter, utramque viam leti discrimine parvo, 685 Ni teneant cursus; certum est dare lintea retro. Ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori Missus adest. Vivo praetervehor ostia saxo Pantagiae Megarosque sinus Thapsumque jacentem. Talia monstrabat relegens errata retrorsus 690 Litora Achemenides, comes infelicis Ulixi., Sicanio praetenta sinu jacet insula contra ~-. 685;. Utramque. In apposition with - Scyllam and Charybdim. Translate, "each a way of death, with little difference."'....Leti limits viam. which is also limited by discrimine parve as an abl. of character. 686. Ni teneant. Aftermonent. Lit., /r /42! "Warn (my companions) that they should not hold."....Jletro; i.e., towards the soath. It is determined to follow the BORE!as8. instructions of Helenus and to pass around the island of Sicily, even with the risk of 680. Aeriae. "Towering." again approaching the vicinity of the Cy681. Constiterunt. An aoristic per- clopes. Lines 684-6 are rejected by some fect in the sense of the present. Observe of the best commentators. Although prethe shortened penult. Gr. 307, 1. H. 669, senting great difficulties in interpretation, IV. B. 1219, 5.... Silva Jovis refers to they are yet found in all the manuscripts, quercus, and lucus Dianae to cyparissi, and are doubtless genuine....Ni. For the oak being sacred to Jupiter and the cy- ne, as occasionally elsewhere, but not press to Hecate, the Diana of Hades. again in Virgil. 682. Quociemque. "For any course 687. Angusta. This term is transwhatever." ferred somewhat vaguely from the narrow 683. Secundis. "Following;" i. e., straits to the promontory upon the straits. fear impelled them to sail before the wind,.... Sede Pelori. The language implies no matter from what direction blowing. that Pelorus was the home of Boreas. From the context it appears that the wind 688. Missus; i. e., by some favoring is from the south when they start, and deity.... Vivo Saxo. See on I. 167. carries them northward towards the 689. Jacentem. "Low lying," —level straits of Pelorus. As soon as their fear 689. Jacente. "Low lying,"-level of the~ Cclopes has abated, remembering and but little above the sea. again the injunctions of Helenus, a new 690. Relegens errata retrorsus; fear of Scylla and Charybdis springs up, i. e., with Ulysses, who is supposed to have and they resolve to turn back (dare lintea previously passed along this coast in an retro). At this moment the wind changes, opposite direction. Boreas comes;to their aid, and they sail 692. Sinu. For sinui, a dative aftet back in safety past the Cyclopean shores. praetenta. AENEIDOS LIB. III. 1~5 Plemyrium undosum; nomen dixere priores Ortygiam.. Alpheum fama est huc Elidis amnem Occultas egisse vias subter mare; qui nunc 695 Ore, Arethusa, tuo Siculis confunditur undis. Jussi numina magna loci veneramur; et inde Exsupero praepingue solum stagnantis Helori. Hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni Radimus, et fatis numquam concessa moveri 700 Apparet Camarina procul, campique Geloi, Immanisque Gela fluvil cognomine dicta., Arduus inde Acragas ostentat maxima longe Moenia, magnanimum quondam generator equorum; Teque datis linquo ventis, palmosa Selinus, 705 Et vada dura lego saxis Lilybeia caecis. Hinc Drepani me portus et illaetabilis ora Accipit. Hic, pelagi tot tempestatibus actus, Heu genitorem, omnis curae casusque levamen, Amitto Anchisen. Hic me, pater optime, fessum r 710 Deseris, heu, tantis nequidquam erepte periclis! Nec vates Helenus, quum multa horrenda moneret, Hos mihi praedixit luctus, non dira Celaeno. Iic labor extremus, longarum haec meta viarum. Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris." 715 694. Aipheum, &c. Construe, Fama 704. Quondam = "subsequently." est Alpheum, amnen Elidis, egisse huc This is the poet's remark rather than that occultas vias, &c. of Aeneas. 696. litdis. Gr. 224. H. 3886. B. 826. 106. Saacis. Abl. of cause with dura. 697. Juessi. Probably by Anchises, A1- 707. laetabil- s. Becauseoftheloss though it is not said by whom. there of his father. 700. Fatis; i. e., by the oracle. 701. Camarinat. A lake or marsh 710. Bryce, in his note on this line, says, near the city of the same name. Having -"He (Heyne) remarka the skill of the become a source of malaria, the inhabi- poet in disposing of the sagacious, fartants of the town consulted the oracle of seeing Anchises, before the arrival of Apollo in regard to its drainage, and re- Aeneas at Carthage, and his intimacy with ceived the following response-Mi1 IKWvfe Dido. Other ancient writers (and among Ka~cupwvav~ aiKiVcJ7i yap vaie-ov. Inospite ythem Cato, as Servius testifies) allege that of this advice the marsh was drained, but Anchises reached Italy along with Aeneas, the city was thereby made accessible to butitwouldhavebeenunsuitedtoe g its enemies, by whom it was captured. purpose to adopt this part of the legend." 702. Immranis. "Fierce," in refer- 718. RHinc. We are here brought back ence to the character of its tyrannical to the point in I. 34, —Vi e conspectu Mrulers. Some understand it to be a geni- culae telluris. tive with fluvli. 126 P. VIR GIL II MAR ONIS Sic pater Aeneas intentis omnibus unus Fata renarrabat divem, cursusque docebat. Conticuit tandem, factoque hic fine quievit. 716. Intentis omnibus. Just as at 718. Conticuit. Referring to the voice the beginning. Cf. II. 1. of the speaker. Cf. the same word in II. 717. iFata divum.'The decrees of 1....Facto fine. Abl. abs. containing heaven as exemplified in his own and his the reason for quievit, which refers to the countrymen's sufferings.'.... Renarra- close of his narrative as a task. Freely bat; i.e., he went through with them translated, "because he had now reached again, as it were, by narrating them. the end of his story he rested." LIBER QUARTUS. ARGUMENT. Dido discloses to her sister Anna her passion for Aeneas, and is by her advised to form a marriage alliance with the Trojan prince (1-5). The sacrifice to Juno and other deities, witha further description of Dido's feelings (54-89). Juno, in order that the Trojans: may be kept. from Italy, proposes to Venus the marriage of Aeneas and the queen, and the union of the two nations. Venus consents, although she understands'the motive of Juno. The latter devises a plan to bring about the desired result (90-128). The next day Aeneas and Dido,: with a large party, are engaged in a hunting excursion, when a violent thunderstorm is sent down by Juno. The hunters seek shelter in different directions, while Dido and the Trojan leader take refuge in the same cave, where the marriage is accomplished and ratified by the goddess (129-172). Description of Rumor, by whom the union of Dido and Aeneas is spread abroad among the Libyan nations (173-195). Iarbas, an unsuccessful suitor of the queen, is greatly incensed, and complains bitterly to Jupiter (196-219). Jupiter, influenced by his prayers, sends down Mercury to command Aeneas to leave Carthage and proceed to Italy,-an order which Aeneas prepares to obey (220-295). The queen immediately suspects the intentions of Aeneas, and vainly remonstrates with him (296-449). Unable to endure her grief, she resolves upon death, but conceals her purpose from her sister, and erects a huge funeral pyre under pretence of the performance of certain magic rites that are to free her from her affection for Aeneas, and enable her to forget him altogether (450-521). Her grief increases to frenzy. Meanwhile Aeneas, having finished his preparations, is again visited by Mercury in a vision, who urges the necessity of immediate flight. Aeneas obeys, and the Trojans hurriedlyleave Carthage in the middle of the night (522-583). In the morning, Dido sees from'her palace the vacant harbor, and tthe Trojan fleet sailing away in the distance. Maddened at the sfght, she breaks out into a paroxysm of grief and anger, imprecates calamities upon the faithless Trojan, and, mounting the pyre, slays herself with Aeneas' own sword p84-705). SITE OF TYR-E. LIBER QUARTUS. AT reginia gravi jam dudum saucia cura Vulnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni. Multa viri virtus animo, multusque recursat Gentis honos; haerent infixi pectore vultus Verbaque, nec placidam membris dat cura quietem. 5 Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram, Quum sic unanimam alloquitur male sana sororem: 1. At marks the return to the narrative and Venus. Gentis may also be referred of the poet, and serves also to contrast to the Trojan nation. the idea of the preceding line with the 5. Ferba. It will be observed that the unrest of Dido....Saucia. "Smitten." poet enumerates four causes exciting the.... Cura = amore. "Passion." queen to love, viz., heroism (v/rtus), high 2. Venis. Gr. 247 3. H. 414 4 B. 877 birth (gentis honos), personal appearance a.ur. "s c (vultus), and the charms of conversation....Carpitur. "Is consumed". (verba). 3. Mullta - multus. In the predicate f. Phoebea lampade; i. e., the sun. with recursa6, as = multum or saepe,-.... Lustrabat. "Was traversing."'oft recurs to her thoughts," &c. 7. Repeated from m. 589. 4. Gentis honos. "The glory of his 8. Male sana = insana. Cf. malejkda family,"-as deriving origin from Jupiter in II. 23. 130 P. VIR G IL II MA 0 NIS "Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent! " Quis novus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes! f:. 10 " Quem sese ore ferens! quam forti pectore et armis! "Credo equidem, nec vana fides, genus esse deorum. "Degeneres animos timor arguit. lIeu, quibus ille "Jactatus fatis! quae bella exhausta canebat! "Si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet, 15 "Ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare jugali, "Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit; "Si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset; "Huic uni: forsan potui succumbere culpae. "Anna-fatebor enim-, miseri post fata Sychaei 20 "Conjugis et sparsos fraterna caede Penates, "Solus hic inflexit sensus, animumque labantem "Impulit. Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae. "Sed mihi vel telus optem prius ima dehiscat, " Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, 25 " Pallentes umbras Erebi noctemque profundam, " Ante, Pudor, quam te violo, anut tua jura resolvo. 10. Quis-hospes. Elliptical for quts i5. iFisurnm immotumque. Construc. (est) hic novUs hospes (qui) successit, &c. tion?....Sederet. See on II. 660. The Davidson has well expressed the idea,- following line is the subject of this verb.'What think you of this wondrous guest 17. Deceptam fefellit. "Deceived who has come,' &c. and disappointed me." See on I. 69. 11. Quem - ferens; i.e., how noble 18. Pertaesum fuisset. Sc. me..... in feature I.... Quam - armis. Forbiger, Thalami. Gr. 229, R. 6. H. 410, IlI. and Ladewig, Conington, and others tdke these 1. B. 805. words literally, referring them to Aeneas'. Potz sucumbere. "I might personal appearance, and deriving aremns have yielded." The regular construction from armns. Conington, to meet the pos- would require the subjunctive. The insible imputation of coarseness, quotes in dicative expresses the conclusion in a illustration the words of Enid in Tenny- more lively and positive way as almost son's Idylls of the King-'" O noble breast realized. Gr. 259, R. 4, (1) and (b). H. 511, and all-puissant arms 1" In X. 644, a-rnus II. 2. B. 1276.... Culpae; i. e., a second is used of a man. Cf. also 08s humerosque marriage and want of fidelity to the memDeo simiis, in I. 644. The more common interpretation (making armis from armna), "How brave in spirit and in deeds," ap- 21. Sparsos-Penates. r. 274,R. 5, pears, upon the whole, as less likely to (a). H. 580. B. 1357. have been the meaning of Virgil. 22. Labantem impulit = impulit ut 12. Genus =prolem. Construe, (e/im) labaret. Aninstanceof prolepeis. esse genue, &c. His mien and stature in- 24. Prius - antequam. This pleodicate it. ~ nastic repetition of prius in ante is owing 13. Degeneres - arguit. His heroism to the length of the intervening passage. confirms the. belief derived from his ap-.... Dehiscat - adigat. lUt is omitted pearance. before these after optem. AENEID OS LIB. IV. 131 "Ille meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores "Abstulit; ille habeat secum servetque sepulcro." Sic effata, sinum lacrimis implevit obortis. 30 Anna refert: "0 luce magis dilecta sorori, "Solane perpetua maerens carpere juventa, "Nec dulces natos, Veneris nec praemia norM? -" Id cinerem aunt Manes credis curare sepultos? — " Esto, aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti, 35 "Non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas "Ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis "Dives alit: placitone etiam pugnabis amori? "Nec venit in mentem, quorum consederis arvis? "Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, 40 " Et Numidaeinfreni cingunt et inhofpita Syrtis; "Hinc deserta siti regio, lateque furentes "Barcaei. Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam, " Germanique minas? "Dis equidem auspicibus reor et Junone secunda 45 "Hunc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas. "Quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere regna "Conjugio tali! Teucrfim comitantibus armis, "Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus! 28. Arnores. Give the force of the 36, Libyae-TTyro. Genitive and abplural. See on I. 11. lative of origin, depending on marit.i.... 30. Sinunm. Her own, or her sister's? Despectus. Sc. est The tears show that her passion is strong 37. Africa. An adjective, as were in spite of her words. originally all names of countries.... Tri31. Luce =q~uam ta.... Sorori~. Gr. umphis dives. Referring to the war~225, H1. H. 388, 4. B. 844.` 22S, II. H. 388, 4. B. 94. 9 like character of its nations. Cf. I. 339. 32. Perpetua juventa. Join with 41. Infreni. "Riding without brimaerens as an a41. of time.... Carpere. dles." See on II. 383. 42. Siti. Abl. of cause with deserta. 33. Nors,. For noveris, future perfect 43. Barcaei. An anachronism, as the with the sense of the future. city of Barce, in Cyrenalca, was founded 34. Id. " That;" i.e., whether you long after the time of Aeneas. abstain from marriage or not.... Manes 45. D i s - Ju n o n e. Abl. absolute. sepultos. The natural abode of the Juno, it will be remembered, was the paMrane is underground,-hence 8spultos, tron deity of Carthage and also the godused somewhat vaguely., dess of marriage. 35. Esto. "Granted that,"-referring 49. Quantis rebus = quantis opibus, to what follows,. or quantafortuna. 132 P. VIRG III MAR ONIS "Tu modo posce deos veniam, sacrisque litatis 50 "Indulge hospitio, causasque innecte morandi, -' Dum pelago desaevit hiems et aquosus Orion, "Quassataeque rates, dum non tractabile coelum." His dictisdincensum animum inflammavit amore, Spemque dedit dubiae menti, solvitquo-pudorem. 55 Principio delubra adeunt, pacemque per aras Exquirunt; mactant lectas de more bidentes Legiferae Cereri Phoeboque patrique Lyaeo, Junoni ante omnes, cui vincla jugalia curae. Ipsa, tenens dextra pateram, pulcherrima Dido 60 Candentis vacca-media inter cornua fundit, Aut ante ora deuim pingues spatiatur ad aras, Instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis Pectoribus inhian.sspirantia consulit exta. Heu vatum ignarae mentes! quid vota furentem, 65 Quid delubra juvant? Est'mollis flamma medullas Interea, et tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus. k Uritur infelix Dido totaque. vagatur Urbe furens, qualis conjecta cervg sagitta, Quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit 70 Pastor agens telis, liquitque volatile ferrum Nescius; illa fuga silvas saltusque peragrat 50. Tu. The pronoun is often thus 62. Pingues. So called because loaded expressed to give greater force to advice with the numerous victims. or precepts. 63. Instaurat deiem donis; i.e., 52. IDum. "AB long as." keeps renewing the sacrifices throughout 54. Incensum. "Already kindled." the day. 55. Pudoremn. "Her scruples." 64. Sp r a nt i a. "Palpitating," or 56. Delubra - per aras. Referring " quivering." to the various temples and altars in the 65. Ignarae. Because Dido's soothcity. sayers did not know the state of her mind 57. Bidentes. Ewes in the second — that her case was beyond their art. year of their age, so called because the 66. Est. Gr. 181. H. 291. B. 431.... first two of their permanent teeth are Mollis. "Subtle." then very conspicuous. It was customary 69. fUrbe. Gr. 254, R. 2, (b). H. 422, 1, to choose such for sacrifice. 1). B. 937, 3.... C(njecta sagitta. Abl. 61. Media inter corniza. " Between absolute. Construe, qualis cerva, sagitta the horns."..... Fundtrt; i. e., pateram. conjecta, quam, incautam, inter CGresia neThe victimn was consecrated by this pre- mor, pastor agens telisfflt procd, c. liminary act. The entire description, as 71. Agens telis. Cf. I. 191. usual, is of Roman customs. I 72. Fuga. See on lapsm, 1. 225. AENEIDOS LIB. IV. 133 Dictaeos, haeret lateri letalis arundo. Nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit, Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam; 75 Incipit effari, mediaque in voce resistit; Nunc eadem labente die convivia quaerit, Iliacosque iterum.demens audire labores Exposcit, pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore. Post, ubi digressi, lumenque obscura vicissim 80 Luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos, Sola domo maeret vacua, stratisque relictis Incubat. Illum absens absentem auditque videtque; Aut gremio Ascanium, genitoris imagine capta, Detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem. 85 Non coeptae assurgunt turres, non arma juventus Exercet, portusve anut propugnacula bello Tuta parant; pendent opera interrupta minaeque Murorum ingentes aequataque machina coelo. Quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri. 90 Cara Jovis conjux, nec famam obstare furori, *Talibus aggreditur Venerem Saturnia dictis:;'Egregiam vero laudem et spolia ampla refertis "Tuque puerque tuus; magnum et memorabile numen "Una dolo divAm si femina victa duorum est. K 95 75. Paratam; i. e., to receive Aeneas, and, when she can, solaces herself by the and to put an end to his weary search for presence of Ascanius'. Some, however. pnother. join absentem, also with Ascanium, and 77. Eadem convivia,;.i.e., the same understand "in fancy" with detinet, as as that of the preceding day. with auditandvidet....Detinet. "Holds 78. iPendet ab ore. "Hangs on the long," —de strengthens the word.... Si lips." fallere possit. "(To see) whether she can beguile." See on I. 181. 80. Digressi (sunt). Supply guests" asthe subject.... Vicissim. " In turn;" 88. lVinae murorum ingentes = i. e., in reference to the previous setting " the huge threatening walls." of the sun, implied in labente die, 77. 89. Machina. The reference is per81. Cadentia sidEera. Cf. I. 9. haps to a huge crane, or similar contriv82. Relictis; i. e., by Aeneas-in the ance, for raising heavy masses. banqueting room. 91. Famamr; i.e., a regard for her 83-5. Ilum- detinet. Not to be re- reputation. stricted to the night after the banquet, but 93. Refertis. "Youbearaway." understood in a general way-' Whenever they are separated,' as Conington ex- 94. Nit men. "Example of divine plains,' she has him always in her mind, power." Sc. est. 134. VP. IR GILII MAR ONIS " Nec me adeo fallit veritam te moenia nostra " Suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae. "Sed quis erit modus, aut quo nunc certamine tanto? "Quin potius pacem aeternam pactosque Hymenaeos " Exercemus? Habes, tota quod mente petisti: x 100 "Ardet amans Dido traxitque per ossa furorem. "Communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus " Auspiciis; liceat Phrygio servire marito, "Dotalesque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae." Olli-sensit enim simulata mente locutam, 105 Quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret orasSic contra est ingressa Venus: " Quis talia demens "Abnuat, aut tecum malit contendere bello? "Si modo, quod memoras, f'actum fortuna sequatur. " Sed fatis incerta feror, si Jupiter unam 110 " Esse velit Tyriis urbem Trojaque profectis, "Miscerive probet populos, aut foedera jungi. "Tu conjux; tibi fas animum tentare precando. " Perge; sequar." Tum sic excepit iegia Juno: y " Mecum erit iste labor. Nunc quamtione, quod instat, 96. Adeo gives emphasis to me,-" me -; - at least," however it may be with others. 98. Modus; i.e., to this exercise of enmity.... Quo. Sc. tenditis.... Certa-. nmine tanto. "In so great a contest." The case may be explained as an abl. of manner. 100. Exereemus. Observe the zeugma: with pacem the verb has the proper signification "cultivate," but with hymenaeos it must be rendered "celebrate," or "solemnize." 102. Communem. "In common.".... Paribus auspiciis; i.e., with equal or joint authority. 103. iLiceat. Sc. Didoni. 104. Dotales. "As a dowry." VENUS. 105. Olli. See on I. 254. It limits est 110. F'atis incerta feror. "I am ingressa.... Enim implies that Venus kept in suspense as to the fates." meets craft with craft.... Simulata. 111. Tyrin s Trojaque profetis "Insincere." "assumed." 107. Est injressa = est ingressa di- Cf. I.732. cere. 114. -Excepit. "Replied," —lit., took 109. Factum sequatur. "May at- (the conversation) from (her). tend the scheme;" i. e., of uniting the 115. leceum = meus, or mihi.... Quod two nations. instat = "the business in hand." AENEIDOS LIB. IV. 135 " Confieri possit, paucis-adverte-docebo. 116 " Venatum Aeneas unaque miserrima Dido -" In nemus ire parant, ubi prirnos crastinus ortus " Extulerit Titan radiisque retexerit orbem. "His ego nigrantem commixta grandine nimbum, 120 "Dum trepidant alae saltusque indagine cingunt, " Desuper infundam, et tonitru coelum omne ciebo. " Diffugient comites, et nocte tegentur opaca; "Speluncam Dido dux et Trojanus eandem " Devenient. Adero, et, tua si mihi certa voluntas, 125 " Connubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo. ~" Hic Hymenaeus erit." Non adversata petenti Annuit, atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis. Oceanum interea surgens Aurora relinquit. It portis, jubare exorto, delecta juventus; y 130 Retia rara, plagae, latQ venabula ferro, Massylique ruunt equites et odora canum vis.,Reginam thalamo cunctantem ad limina prmi Poenorum exspectant, ostroque insignis et auro Stat sonipes ac frena ferox spumantia mandit. 135 Tandem progreditur, magna stipante caterva, Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo: Cui pharetra ex auro, erines nodantur in aurum, Aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem. Nec non et Phrygii comites et laetus Iulus 140 Incedunt. Ipse ante alios pulcherrimus omnes 117. Venatum. Gr. 276. II. H. 569. B. 126. Connubio, &c. Repeated from 1360. I. 73. 120. His, &c. Construe, HIs, dum 127. Hic= "there,"-the adverb..... alae trepidant cinguntque saltus indagine, Hymenaeus. "The god of marriage." ego infundam desuper, &cc.... Nigratn- 128 Dolis repertis. Abl. absolute. ten coeonncixta grandtine. "Black wtern ommitah grandinle. " Black 130. Portis. Poet. for eportis....Juwith mingled hail." bare. S. solis. basre. Sc. sois. 121. Alae. "The mounted huntsmen," whose part was probably to beat up the 131. Seeaa Wih Id mshes" game. The alae of a Roman army consisted originally of cavalry, whence the 132. iRuunt. Observe the zeugma,term was transferred as here to a class of the nominatives in the previ6us line being huntsmen.. subjects of this verb. 124. Speluncam. See on I. 365. 137. Chlamydem. For the construc125. Alero; i. e., as Juno pronuba. tion, see on II. 392. 136 P. VIR G IL II MIAR ONIS. Infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina jungit. Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta Deserit ac Delum maternam invisit Apollo, Instauratque choros, mixtique altaria circum 145 Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi; Ipse jugis Cynthi graditur, mollique fluentem Fronde premit crinem fingens atque implicat auro, Tela sonant humeris: haud illosegnior ibat Aeneas; tantum egregio decus enitet ore. 150 Postquam altos ventum. in montes atque invia lustra, Ecce ferae, saxi dejectae vertice,.caprae Decurrere jugis; alia de parte patentes Tqransn ittunt cursu campos atque agmina cervi Pulvit 155 Pulverlentafg gom, mo equ r e MmOquunt. 5 At pue Ascanfun, mediis in vallibus acri Gaudet equo, jamque hos cursu, jami praeterit illos, Spumantemque dari pecora inter inertia votis Optat aprum, aut fulvum descendere monte leonem. ~ Interea magno misceri murmure coelum 160 Incipit; insequitur commixM-grandine nimbus; Et Tyrii comites passim et Trojana juventus Dardaniusque nepos Veneris diversa-per agros Tecta metu petiere; ruunt de montibus amnes. Speluncam Dido dux et Trojanus eandem 165 Deveniunt. Prima et Tellus et pronuba Juno 142. Agminajungit. See on II. 267. 151. Ventum. Impersonal. The full 1435. Lyciam.' Pataris, or Patara, the form would be ventum est ab ilts. For chief city of Lycia, was situated on the the tense after postquam, see on I. 216. Xanthus, not far from the sea, and con- 152. Dejectae. "Dislodged;" i.e., tained a temple of Apollo, second only to driven down into the plain, probably by Delphi. Here, on account of the greater the alae Seeon 121. mildness of the climate, the god was supposed to spend his winter (hence the 154. TLransmittunt (se) cursu= epithet hibernam), while in spring he mi- transcurrunt...Agmina - glomerant; grated to his maternal Delos. Thus he is i. e., gather themselves so as to form dusty called by Horace Delius etPatareus Apollo.' herds, in their flight. -Bryce.. 158. Votis = cum votis, an abl. of man148. Fronde; i. e.,of laurel, which was ner with optat. sacred to him. 150. Tantum; i, e., quantum Apol- 1 oaUs, - Aeneas being compared with 166. Prima = primum....Tellus, as Apollo both in graceful activity of move- the producer and fosterer of all things, ment and in beauty of features. presided over marriage. AEhNEIDOS LIB. IV. 137 Dant signum; fulsere ignes et conscius aether Connubiis, summoque ulularunt vertice Nymphae. Ille dies primus leti primusque malorum Causa fuit; neque enim specie famave movetur 170 Nec jam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem; Conjugium vocat; hoc praetexit nomine culpam. Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes, Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum; Mobilitate viget, viresque acquirit eundo; 175 Parva metu priono; mox sese attollit in auras, Ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit. Illam Terra parens, ira irritatq deorum, Extremam, ut perhibent, Coeo Enceladoque sororem Progenuit, pedibus celerem et pernicibus alis, 180 Monstrum horrendum, ingens, cui, quot sunt corpore pluTot vigiles oculi subter, mirabile dictu, [mae, Tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigit aures. Nocte volat coeli medio terraeque per umbram Stridens, nec dulci declinat lumina somno; 185 Luce sedet custos aut summi culmine tecti, Turribus ant altis, et magnas territat urbes, 167. Conscius'- connubiis. "Wit- 413. Terra was enraged because the gods ness to the nuptials." Gr. 213, R. 7. H. had hurled her offspring, the Titans, down 399, 5, 1). B. 863. Cons'cus, limits both to Tartarus. See Class. Dict. ignes and aether, which are both subjects 19..Coeo Encelaioque. Coeus was;of fulsere-the e~xpression being = Psit a Titan, Eceladus, a Giant. The Giants Cath/T igniSbus. ~and Titans are often thus confused, as 168. Sumtmo vertice =." on the sum- they were all the offspring of Terra. mit of the mountain."....Nymph a e. 181. i. Limits ntnderstood(with Probably Oreades, or mountain nymphs. The flashing of the lightning and the oculi), and sonant. howling of the nymphs, seem to have 182. Subter; i. e., there is an eye bebeen intended by the poet for inauspicious neath each feather. This has been exsigns, although they are not so regarded plained as indicating that while Fanza sees by Henry and Conington.. all things; she is herself invisible. The 173. Fama. "Rumor." For the fol- feathers have also been thought to typify lowing description of Fama, Virgil is in- the successive additions to a rumor,debted to Homer. Cf. I1. IV. 440 seq. each person reporting it adding his plume, 176. Primo. An adverb, correlativeto and thus contributing to the size and mox.' speed of the monster. Cf. verse 175. 177. Solo. Abl. of solum, —" upon the 184. Coeli - te'rraeque = inter coelum ground." et terram. 178. Ira deorum. "With anger at 185. Stridens; i.e., with her wings. the gods." For the genitive, see on II..... Somno. Gr. 223. H. 384. B. 818. 138 P. VIR G IL II hIA R ONIS Tam ficti pravique tenax, quam nuntia veri. Haec tum multiplici populos sermone replebat Gaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat: 190 Venisse Aenean, Trojano sanguine cretum, Cui se pulchra viro dignetur jungere Dido; Nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere, Regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos. Haec passim dea foeda viruim diffundit in ora. 195 Protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarban, Incenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras. Hic Ammone satus, rapta Garamantide Nympha, Templa Jovi centum latis immania regnis, Centum aras posuit, vigilemque sacraverat ignem, 200 Excubias divtim aeternas, pecudumque cruore Pingue solum et variis florentia limina sertis. Z Isque amens animi et rumore accensus amaro Dicitur ante aras media inter numina divfim Multa Jovem manibus supplex orasse supinis: 205 " Jupiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictis "Gens epulata toris. Lenaeum libat honorem, 535000Jj ~ 193. Hienem - fovere. A poet. ox3/'o~' " %.~. pression for se luxufovere per hiemem.... /_'~ ~~,~ -~. tQuam longa (est); i. e., the entire winter. 201. Excubias. In apposition with /~~~~~ ")-f~~, tignem. ~ 0@~~~'~a\' o{.~ ~202. Solum -limina. Nominatives,the substantive verb being understood. _0 4xsr Cf. I. 639. III. 216. Thus Wagner, Forbi\' -~ ~ ~ ger and Ladewig explain, but others make ~eo. -~~ Q'? a) ~, the words in the shme construction as ignem.... Variis. "Ever-renewed." The entire line implies the profusion of sacriJUR oA)r O Ifices and religious festivals. 188. Tam - eri.'As obstinatelybent 203. Animi. Gr. 213, R. 1, (a). H. 399, on falsehood and iniquity as on reporting 3, 4). B. 779. truth.' Thus faithfully and clearly ex- 204. Media inter= inthemidstof." pressed by Davidson. The comparison is Cf. 61. between tenax and nuntia, the latter of which is here used in an adjective sense. 206. Nunc. Iarbas first introduced the As our language has no equivalent adjec- worship of Jove-before unknown to the tive, a literal translation, word for word4 is Mauri. impossible; 207. Ep u I ata = "after feasting,"192. Viro = marito, —" as a husband." when the libations were made. Cf. I. 735. A ENEID OS LIB. IV. 139 "Adspicis haec? an te, genitor, quum fulmina torques, " Nequidquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignes "Terrificant animos et inania murmura miscent? 210 " Femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbem "Exiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandum, "' Cuique loci leges dedimus, connubia nostra "Repulit, ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit. i"Et nunc ille TPhris cum semiviro comitatu, 215 "Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem "Subnixus, rapto potitur; nos munera templis "Quippe tuis ferimus, famamque fovemus inanem!" Talibus orantem dictis aasque tenentem Audiit omnipotens, oculosque ad moenia torsit 220 Regia et oblitos famae melioris amantes. Tum sic Mercurium alloquitur ac talia mandat: "Vade age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis, "Dardaniumque ducem, Tyria Carthagine qui nunc " Exspectat, fatisque datas non respicit urbes, 225 "Alloquere, et celeres defer mea dicta per auras. " Non illum nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem " Promisit, Graiufmque ideo bis vindicat armis; "Sed fore, qui gravidam imperils belloque frementem 216. Mentum - crinem. Glreek acc. with sunmixus. 217. Bapto. "His prey," —neut. of the part. used substantively.... Potitur. See on m. 56. 218. Quippe. " Forsooth," —referring to the whole clause, and with strong sarcasm implying a useless piety.... aFemam. Refer this to the reputation of Jove as a deity, rather than to Iarbas' relaPHRYGIAN CAP. tion to him. 225. E7cspectat. "Is delaying." Per210. Inania nmurmucra nmiscent. "210. Inglana un meaintunder" haps nowhere else thus used. "Mingle unmeaning thunders." 212. Pretio. See on I. 367.... Litus. 228. Ideo; i.e., that he might inglori"A portion of coast." ously remain at Carthage.....Bis. See 213. Leges. "Jurisdiction," " domin- on I. 97, and II. 632.... Vindicat = in - ion." dicavit et adhuc vindicat. 215. Pa ris. Such in his presumed 229. Fore. Supply ilutm,-the concharacter, and in taking the bride of an- struction depending on promist....n1 - other. perils. "With (future) empire." 140 P. VIR GIL II MAR ONIS " Italiau. regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teucri 230 "Proderet, ac totum sub leges mitteret orbem. "Si nulla accendit tantarum gloria rerum, "Nec super ipse sua molitur laude laborem, "Ascanione pater Romanas invidet arces? "Quid struit? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur, 235 "Nec prolem Ausoniam et Lavinia respicit arva? "Naviget: Haec summa est; hic nostri nuntius esto." Dixerat. Ille patris magni parere parabat Imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit Aurea, quae sublimem alis, sive aequora supra 240 Seu terram, rapido pariter cum flamine portant;'$. Tum virgam capit-hac animas ille evocat Orco Pallentes, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit, Dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat-; Illa fretus agit ventos, et turbida tranat 245 Nubila. Jamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit Atlantis duri, coelum qui vertice fulcit, Atlantis, cinctum assjdue cui nubibus atris Piniferum- caput et vento pulsatur et imbri; Nix humeros infusa tegit; tum flumina mento 250 Praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba. Hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit, avi similis, quae circum litora, circum 231. Ac-orbem; i. e., should do this in The expression is, however, one much'his descendants, the Roman people, and controverted, and the meaning very unespecially in the person of Augustus, to certain. whom these words were designed to be a 245. llla. Gr. 244. H. 419, IV. B. 919. compliment. 248. Cui = "whose." Gr. 211, R. 5, (1). 282. Accendit. Sc. eum. H. 398, 5. B. 871. 233. Super. " On account of,"-prep. 250. ento with laude. with laude. 250. Mento = de mento. 287. Hic - esto. "Let this be our 251. Praecipitant. See on II. 9. message." Some explain, "Be thou our 252. Nitens. "Poising himself." messenger in this," —lit., "this messen- 2583.' oto corpore; i.e., with his ger of us." In this interpretation the whole weight. pronoun hic = de hac re. 254. Avi.'A mergus, or some such 244. Lumina morte resignat = fish-hunter, which soars at a considerable lumina mortuorum resignat. " Opens the height above the water, and, after mark* eyes of the dead;" i. e., gives them sight ing its prey, swoops down upon it with in the lower world. Niforte = in morte. the violence of a hurricane.'-Bryce. AENEID OS LIB. IV. 141 Piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora juxta. 255 ilaud aliter terras inter coelumque, volabat, Litus arenosum ac Libyae ventosque secabat, Materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles. Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem 260 Conspicit: atque illi stellatus iaspide fulva Ensis-erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena Demissa ex humeris, dives quae munera Dido Fecerat et tenui telas discreverat auro. Continuo invadit: " Tu nunc Carthaginis altae 265 "Fundamenta locas, pulchramque uxorius urbem "Exstruis? heu regni rerumque oblite tuarum! "Ipse deuim tibi me claro demittit Olympo "Regnator, coelum et terras qui numine torquet; "Ipse haec ferre jubet celeres mandata per auras: 270 " Quid struis? aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris? "Si te nulla movet tantarum gloria rerum, "Nec super ipse tua moliris laude laborem, "Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli "Respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus 275 "Debentur." Tali Cyllenius ore locutus Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit, Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram. At vero Aeneas adspectu obmutuit amens, Arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit., 280 Ardet abire fuga dulcesque relinquere terras, 257. Litus, &c. "And skimmed along editors adopt ad in place of ac, to govern the sandy shore of Libya and cut the litus, and connect with volabat, but the winds." This translation supposes a position of the word after its case probazeugma in secabat. Conington thinks the bly cannot be supported. It remains but difficulty, so generally recognized in the to add that this and other difficulties have line, will vanish, if we understand litus led most of the commentators to reject as ventosque secabat, "he was dividing the spurious the three lines, 256-8. shore from the winds;" i. e., he was flying 258. Mcaterno ab avo. Maia, the close to the shore, so as to be, as it were, mother of Mercury, was the daughter of between the winds and the land-a repeti- I Atlas. tion in more specific and defined language 264. Tenui- auro; i.e., had inteN of terras inter coelumque volabat. He I woven the warp with threads of gold. cites verse 695, Quae animam nexosque 277. i]edio sermone; i.e., abruptly, resolveret artus, "to release the spirit and having scarcely ceased to speak. the body;" i. e., from the body. Some 281. iFuga. See on cursu, I. 157. 142 P. VIR GILII MAtR ONIS Attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum. Heu quid agat? quo nunc reginam ambire furentem Audeat affatu? quae prima exordia sumat? Atque animum nunc hue celerem, nune dividit illuc, 285 In partesque rapit varias perque omnia versat. Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est: Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum, Classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant, Arma parent, et, quae rebus sit causa novandis, 290 Dissimulent; sese interea, quando optima Dido Nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores, Tentaturum aditus, et quae mollissima fandi Tempora, quis rebus dexter modus. Ocius omnes Imperio laeti parent ac jussa facessunt. 295 At regina dolos-quis fallere possit amantem?Praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros, Omnia tuta tinmeus. Eadem impia Fama furenti Detuht armari classem cursumque parari. *Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem 300 Bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris 283. Ambire. "To approach," indi- 1 rectly and cautiously. The literal meaning may be more nearly expressed by our vulgar phrase " to get around." 285. Diviedit = "turns." 286. Rapit - tversat; i. e., animum. 289. Aptent. Vocat implies jubens or monens,-hence (ut) aptent. So also cogant, parent, and dissimulent. 290. Arma. Either "arms," to resist a possible attack, or naval " equipments." The former is perhaps preferable, as the latter idea seems to be implied in classem aptent.....Rebus novandis.'Bes no-,are is a phrase for taking a new step, such as a revolution.' 291. Sese - tentaturusm (esse). Vocat above implies dicens for this construction. A BACCHANTE.....Quando. "Since." 293. Adlitts; i.e., to her feelings.... 1 298. Fuwrenti. Proleptic, expressing Q?4ae - tenpora. Sc. sint. the effect of the news. 294. Rebus dexvter. "Adapted to the I 301. Commotis sacris. The sacred circumstances." i utensils and even the statue of the god 297. Excepit = "detected," "discov- were brought out of the temple and moved ered." I violently. AENEIDOS LIB. IV. 143 Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho Orgia nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron. Tandem. his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro: "Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantufia 305 "Posse nefas, tacitisque mea decedere terra?': Nec te noster amor, nec te data dextera quondam, "Nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido? "Quin etiam hiberno moliris sidere classem, "Et mediis properas Aquilonibus ire per altum, 310 "Crudelis? Quid? si non arva. aliena domosque "Ignbtas peteres, et Troja' antiqua maneret, "Troja per undosum peteretur classibus aequor? "Mene fugis? Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te"Quando aliud mihi jam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui-, 315. "Per conniibia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, "Si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quidquam "Dulce meum, miserere domus labis et istam, "Oro, si quis adhuc preus locus, xue mentem. i " Te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni 320 /H/I, S.;:c:' supplied, are questions that have puzzled J the commentators, and been variously an- -' - swered. The interpretation here preferred 1 ( / as the most consistent requires dicta sunt - to be supplied, and makes his the abl. The meaning then is, lit., "nor (were) more than these (words spoken),"-more freely, "and no more words passed between them." 409. Fatalis. See 147. 414. Sutilis. The boat was therefore made of skins, or, after the Egyptian fash- ------.ion, of rushes sewed together.... Rimosa. The unusual weight in the boat made CERBERUS. it so. 416. Lmo - n ulva. On the poston has snakes for hair, so that when he is of in see on V. 51"2. angry his snakes bristle.' 423. Fusus humi. Cf. fundatt huri, 417. Cerberus. This name does not 193 occur in Homer.... Trifauci. A term 4. 424Sepulto; i. e., somno. See II. found nowhere else. 418. Personat. As in 171, above, with 425. Evadit ripam. "Passes beyond the ace. of the place penetrated by the the bank." Cf. II. 731....Irremeabisra. sound....Adverso. The den of Cerberus "From whose bourne no traveller rofronted them as they landed. turns,"-a general epithet of the Styx, 419. Hoprere - colubris.' Cerberus having no reference to Aeneas. 222 P. VIR G ILII IA R O NIS Quos dulcis vitae exsortes et ab ubere raptos Abstulit atra dies et funere mursit acerbo. Hos juxta falso damnati crimine. mortis. 430 Nec vero hae sine sorte datae, sine judice, sedes: Quaesitor Minos urnam movet; ille Silentum Conciliumque vocat, vitasque et crimina discit. Proxima deinde tenent maesti loca, qui sibi letum Insontes peperere manu, lucemque perosi 435 Projecere animas. Quamn vellent aethere in alto Nunc et pauperiem et duros perferre labores! Fas obstat, tristique palus inamabilis unda Alligat, et novies Styx interfusa coercet. Nec procul hinc partem fusi monstrantur in omnem 440 Lugentes campi; sic illos nomine. dicunt. Hic, quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit, Secreti celant calles, et myrtea circum Silva tegit; curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt. 444 His Phaedram Procrimque locis, maestamque Eriphylen, Crudelis nati monstrantem vulnera, cernit, Evadnenque et Pasiphaen; his- Laodamia It comes, et juvenis quondam, nunc femina, Caeneus, Rursus et in veterem fato revoluta figuram. Inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido 450 Errabat silva in magna; quam Troius heros 430. Mortis. With damnati. Gr. 217, i i. e., of those who are to be examined and B. 3. H. 410, 5, 1). B. 793. judged. 431. Sine sorte - sine Judice. There 435. Insontes = "guilty of no crime." is here an allusion to a Roman custom. 440. -Parten fusi in omnem. The In a criminal trial, the quaesitor, or pre-. extent of thig: region is not so much to siding magistrate, chose by lot, from the accommodate a large aumber, as to afford whole judicial body, a certain number of its occupants the so tnde they crave. judices, associate judges, to assist him in 443. Myrtea. The myrtle was sacred the case. Hence sine sorte, &c., " without to Venus. lot, without a judge," is a general expres- 446. Nati vulnera. Cf. vulnere Ulixi, sioit for "without a regular trial.".... II. 436. Datae; iL e., "assigned," in general, to 448. Cae-neits. The youth resumed the the various classes mentioned, not simply i original female form, and became Caenis to the class in the preceding line. again, after descending to Hades. The 432. Ufriam movet. A poetical way feminine name, Caenis, would present a -of stating-that he presides,-the reference more regular construction, but the other being to the urn from which the names is found in all the manuscripts. of the Jucekr were drawn. 451. Quarn. The object of juxta and 433. Conefliuitn. "The assemblage;" agnovit. AENVEIDOS LIB. VI. 23 Ut primum juxta stetit agnovitque per umbras Obscuram, qualemn primo qui surgere. mense Aut videt, aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, Demisit lacrimas, dulcique affatus amore est: 455 "Infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo "Venerat exstinctam, ferroque extrema secutam? "Funeris heu tibi causa fui? Per sidera juro, " Per superos, et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, "Invitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi. 460 "Sed me jussa deurm, quae nune has ire per umbras, "Per loca senta situ cogunt noctemque profundam, " Imperiis egere suis; nec credere quivi " Hune tantum tibi me discessu ferre dolorem. " Siste gradum, teque adspectu ne subtrahe nostro. 465 "Quem fugis? extremum fateo, quod te alloquor, hoc est' Talibus Aeneas ardentem et torva tuentem Lenibat dictis animum, lacrimasque ciebat. Illa,solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat, Nec magis incepto vultum sermone movetur, 470 Quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes. Tandem corripuit sese, atque inimica refugit In nemus umbriferum, conjux ubi pristinus illi Respondet curis aequatque Sychaeus amorem 454. Per tutibila. With videt and I ~xtrema secwtam (esse) "had ridisse. sought death." Cf. I. 219. 455. Dulci amore ='in love's 459. Si qu a, &c. See onII. 142. sweet accents.' 465. Adspectu. For adspectui. 456. Nuuntius. "Tidings," The com- 466. Extremm-est = "this is the mentators quite generally suppose the t time that, in ccordance wt fate reference is to -the b~a~ze of the funeral last time that, in.accordance with fate, I rpile, from which bAzenofethe f onnecur address thee,"-lit., " the last thing," &c. pi m which Aeneas conjectured His place after death will not be the same Dido's fate. Cf. IV. 661-2, and V. 3 seq. as hers. Some think the allusion is to the message of Mercury, IV. 564. Frieze justly says 467. Ardentem - tnentem. These of these explanations of the passage, — agree with animum, although tumntem'Both are unsatisfactory. Possibly it may aSnmum is peculiar and bold....4orv. be regarded as above, 343, or it may be Seeon multa, I. 465. that the poet designed in revising his 468. iLenibat. For leniebat, —" strove work to introduce some vision or revela- to soothe." tion in the foregoing narrative which 469. XWla solo, &c. Cf. I. 482. should harmonize with this passage.' j 473. lli. Dat. with respondet, instead 457. Exstinctam. Sc. te esse....! of a genitive withcuris,-as often. 224 P. VIR G ILII MAR ONIS Nec minus Aeneas, casu percussus iniquo, 475 Prosequitur lacrimans longe et miseratur euntem. Inde datum molitur iter. Jamque arva tenebant Ultima,'quae bello clari secreta frequentant. Hic illi oQccurrit Tydeus, hic inclytus armis Parthenopaeus et Adrasti pallentis imago; X 480 Hie multum fieti ad superos belloque caduci Dardanidae, quos ille omnes longo ordine cernens Ingemuit, Glaucumque Medontaque Thersilochumque, Tres Antenoridas, Cererique sacrum Polyphoeten, Idaeumque, etiam currus, etiam arma tenentem. 485 Circumstant animae dextra laevaque frequentes. Nec vidisse semel satis est; juvat usque morari, Et conferre gradum, et veniendi discere causas. At Danauim proceres Agamemnoniaeque phalanges Ut videre virum fulgentiaque arma per umbras, 490 Ingenti trepidare metu; pars vertere terga, Ceu quondam petiere rates; pars tollere vocem Exiguam; inceptus clamor frustratur hiantes. Atque hic Priamiden laniatum corpore toteo Deiphobum vidit, laceruml crudeliter ora, 495 Ora manusque ambas, populataque tempora raptis Auribus, et truncas inhonesto vulnere nares. Vix adeo agnovit pavitantem et dira tegentem Supplicia, et notis compellat vocibus ultro: "Deiphobe armipotens, genus alto a sanguine Teucri, 500 "Quis tam crudeles optavit sumere poenas? 475. Casu iniquo = " by her unhappy I find in Homer were Polybus, Agenor, and fate." Acamas. 477. Molitur. This term implies that 487. Usque morari = " to detain him lie journey had difficulties for Aeneas. long." 491. Trepidare. Historical infinitive. 479 —0. njdeus, &c.'He sees the heroes. of the Theban war, the great event of the heroic ages before the war at 492. Pars-vocem. These, in contrast Troy.',.. - with pars-terga, are not terrified, but endeavor to raise the war-cry. the upper world,"-among the living. Ad 495. Ora. As oculos, in I. 228. So also is for apud, —a rare use of the word. manus, tempora, nares. 484. Tres Antenoridas. These we i 498._ Tegenten = "seeking to cover." AENEIDOS LIB. VI. 225 "Cui tantum de te licuit.? Mihi fama suprema "Nocte tulit fessum vasta te caede Pelasgum "Procubuisse super confusae stragis. acervum. "Tunc egomet tumulum Rhoeteo in litore inanem 505 "Constitui, et magna Manes ter voce vocavi. "Nomen et arma locum servant; te, amice, nequivi "Conspicere et patria decedens ponere terra." Ad quae Priamides: "Nihil o tibi amice relictum; "Omnia Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris. 510 "Sed me fata mea et scelus exitiale Lacaenae "Iis mersere malis; illa haec monumenta reliquit. "Namque ut supremam falsa inter gaudia noctem "Egerimus, nosti; et nimium meminisse necesse est. "Quum fatalis equus saltu,.super ardua venit 515 "Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo, "Illa, chorum simulalls, evantes orgia circum "Ducebat Phrygias; flammam media ipsa tenebat "Ingentem, et summa Danaos ex arce vocabat. "Tum me, confectum curis somnoque gravatum, 520' "Infelix habuit thalamus, pressitque jacentem "Dulcis et alta quies, placidaeque simillima morti. "Egregia interea conjux arma omnia tectis " Amovet, et fidum capiti subduxerat ensem; " Intra tecta vocat Menelaum, et limina pandit, 525 502. Cui-lieuit = "to whom has so the orgies of Bacchus." Jgans, whlclis much (power) over thee been allowed?" elsewhere intransitive, has here the cog-.... Suprema nocte; i. e., the night of nate accusative oryia.... Cireurn; i. e., the capture of Troy. about the city. I 505. Tumtulum inaneme. Cf. MI.304.. 519. Danaos - vocabat. Virgil repre506. Manes' vocavi. See on I. 219, II. sents Helen as acting in concert with the 644, and IIH. 68. Greeks. Under pretence of celebrating the 507. iLocum servant;. e., his name Bacchic rites, she sought an opportunity engraved on the tomb and his arms of signaling the Grecian fleet, and thus placed upon it, preserve the memory of informing Agamemnon when to start. Cf. the place.... Te; i. e., tuum corpus. II. 254 seq. 508. Patria terra. Withponere. 523. Egregia. Ironically, of Helen. 510.'Funeris umbris = "to the shade 524. S u b d u a e r a t =-" had (already) of my dead body." For the plur., cf. V. secretly removed," before the other atmna. 81. It need scarcely be said that this statement 511. Lacaenae; i. e., Helen. of Deiphobus cannot be reconciled with 515-16. Cf. II. 237-8. the passage IH. 567-588, q. v. Virgil hetr 516. Gravis = gravidus, orfetus. apparently forgot what he had previously 517. Evantes orgia = "celebrating written. ,226 P. VIRGI5LII MAR ONIS "Scilicet id magnum sperans fore munus amanti, "Et famam exstingui -veterum sic posse malorum. "Quid moror? Irrumpunt,thalamo; comes additur una "Hortator scelerum Aeolides. Di, talia Graiis "Instaurate, pio si poenas ore reposco! 530 "Sed te qui vivum casus, age, fare vicissim, "Attulerint. Pelagine venis erroribus actus, "An monitu divim? an quae te Fortuna fatigat, "Ut tristes sine sole domos, loca turbida, adires?" Hac vice sermonum roseis Aurora quadrigis 535 Jam medium aetherio cursu trajecerat axem; Et fors omne datum traherent per talia tempus; Sed comes admonuit breviterque affata Sibylla est: " Nox ruit, Aenea; nos flendo ducimus horas. " Hic locus est, partes ubi se via findit in ambas; 540 " Dextera quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, "Hac iter Elysium nobis; at laeva malorum "Exercet poenas, et ad impia Tartara mittit." Deiphobus contra.: " Ne saevi, magna sacerdos; 526. A ma n ti.' Menelaus is contemptuously called amans as if he were a new lover whose heart Helen was anxious to win.' 529. Aeol i d e s. This term, in like manner, is contemptuously applied to Ulysses, in allusion to the post-Homeric / story that he was not the son of Laertes, but of the famous robber, Sisyphus, the son of Aeolus. 532. Pelagine - actus. The simple meaning is, Dost thou come to Cumae driven by the casualties of the sea? Vir- PLUTO AND PROSERPINA. gil, however, seems to have modeled the 540. Ambas = duas.'Hitherto they question after the notion of the Homeric had passed along a single road, the district Hades which lay beyond the Ocean; and being inhabited by those who were neither whose entrance could be approached by in happiness nor in pain; now the ways ship.'diverge to Elysium or to Tartarus.' 533. Quae fortuna = qua alia for- 541. Dextera, &c. The full constructuna. tion would be, quae (via) dextera tendit. 535., Rac vice, &c. We infer that the &c., hac (via), &c. The antecedent of conversation was continued. quae is therefore hac. 536. Tvajejcerat (se) medium axem. 542. Iter Elysium. See on Italiam A&eieas and te Sibyl had descended at day- I. 2. break (55 seq.), and it was now past noon. 548-4. Laeva (via) - nittit. The road They must return the ensuing night. is poetically said. to punish, because it 539. Rizit = "hastens on." Cf. II. 250. leads to the place of punishment. A EN:EID OS LIB. VI. 227 "Discedam, explebo numerum, reddarque tenebris. 545 "I decus, i, nostrum! melioribus utere fatis!" Tantum effatus, et in verbo vestigia torsit. Respicit Aeneas subito, et sub rupe sinistra Moenia lata videt, triplici circumdata muro, Quae rapidus flammis amlbit torrentibus amnis, 550 Tartareus Phlegethon, torquetque sonantia saxa. Porta adversa, ingens, solidoque adamante eolumnae, Vis ut nulla virfim, non ipsi exscindere ferro Coelicolae valeant. Stat ferrea turris ad auras, Tisiphoneque sedens, palla succincta cruenta, 555 Vestibulum exsomnis servat noctesque diesque. Hinc exaudiri gemitus, et saeva sonare Verbera; tum stridor ferri traotaeque catenae. Constitit Aeneas, strepituque exterritus haesit. "Quae scelerum facies? o virgo, effare; quibusve- 560 "Urguentur poenis? quis tantus plangor ad auras?" Tum vates sic orsa loqui: " Dux inclute Teucrfim, " Nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen; "Sed me quum lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis, "Ipsa deuim poenas docuit, perque omnia duxit. 1565 "Gnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet, durissima regna, "Castigatque auditque dolos, subigitque fateri, "Quae' quis apud superos, furto laetatus inani, 545. Explebo numerurn; i. e., of the what punishments are they (i. e., the shades, by rejoining them. "forms of guilt," scelerum facies) chas547. In verbo = "while speaking," - tised?" like in voce, IV. 76. 561. Ad auras. The expression sug552. Adversa; i.e., fronting the be- gestssurit,orsomesimilarerb. holder. 565. Deunm poenas; i. c., the punish554. Ad auras. An expression bor- ments inflicted by the gods....Per omrowed from the upper world. nia; i. e., through all parts of Tartarus. 555. Tisiphone. Her location here is 567. Ca s t i g a t q u e, &c. Hysteron not consistent with 280, above. proteron.... Dolos' seems to be put generally for crime, which is conceived of as 557. Exa~udiri-sonare. As tzrepidare, skulking from justice and pleading not in d91. guilty.' 558. Stridor- catenae. A verb may 568. Quae. Relative, notinterrogative. be borrowed from the preceding sentence. Translate piacula in the next line as its For tractae catenae, see Gr. 274, R. 5. HI. antecedent.... itrto inani = "vain 580. B. 1357. j concealment," vain, Ibecause punishment 560. Quibusve - poenis. "Or with is sure, though delayed. 228 P. VIRGILII MARONIS "Distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem. "Continuo sontes ultrix accincta flagello 570 "Tisiphone quatit insultans, torvosque sinistra "Intentans angues vocat agmina saeva sororum. "Tum demum horrisono stridentes cardine sacrae "Panduntur portae. Cernis, custodia qualis "Vestibulo sedeat, facies quae limina servet? 575 "Quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra "Saevior intus habet sedem. Tumrn Tartarus ipse "Bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras, "Quantus ad aetherium coeli suspectus Olympum. "Hic genus antiquum Terrae, Titania pubes, 580 "Fulmine dejecti fundo volvuntur in imo. "Hic et Aloidas geminos immania vidi "Corpora, qui manibus magnum-rescindere coelum "Aggressi, superisque Jovem detrudere regnis. "Vidi et crudeles dantem Salmonea poenas, 585 "Dum flammas Jovis et sonitus imitatur Olympi. " Quatuor hic invectus equis et lampada quassans "Per Graiuim populos mediaeque per Elidis urbem' Ibat ovans, divuimque sibi poscebat honorem,' Demens! qui nimbos et non imitabile fulmen 590 "Aere et cornipedum pulsu simularet equorum. "At pater omnipotens densa inter nubila telum "Contorsit, non ille faces nec fumea taedis "Lumina, praecipitemque immani turbine adegit. 569. Distulitpiacula. It will be ob- 578. In praeceps= "headlong downserved that this expression is not strictly ward." accurate, as the primary meaning of 579. Suspectus. Sc. est. piacula suits distulit, and its transferred 580. Titania pubes; i. e., the Titans, meaning suits commis8a. An accurate sons of Coelus and Terra. and nearly equivalent' thought may be ob- 586. Dum imritattur; i. e., for daring tained by translating distulit, "has con- to imitate. The present indicates that he cealed," and piacula, "crimes." felt the vengeance of Jove while in the 570. Continuo; i. e., "immediately" midst of his impious act. after sentence has been passed by Rhada- 588. Mediae - urben =- "through his manthus. - city in the middle of Elis." The city was 571. Quatit = "lashes." Salmonia, situated on the river Alpheus 5'T4. CustoBiUa. Referring to Tisiph- in Elis. one. So alsofacies. 591. Aere. He rode in a brazen car, 576. Hydra. Not the one mentioned and, according to one account, over a brain 287. zen bridge....Simularet. See on II. 577. Saevior; i. e., than Tisiphone. 346. AENEID OS LIB. VI. 229 "Nec non et Tityon, Terrae omniparentis alumnum, 595 "Cernere erat, per tota novem cui jugera corpus "Porrigitur, rostroque immanis vultur obunco "Immortale jecur tondens fecundaque poenis "Viscera rimaturque epulis, habitatque sub alto "Pectore, nec fibris requies datur ulla renatis. 600 "Quid memorem Lapithas, Ixiona Pirithoumque? " Quos super atra silex jam jam lapsura cadentique "Imnminet assimilis; lucent genialibus altis "Aurea fulcra toris, epulaeque ante ora paratae' Regifico luxu; Furiarum maxima juxta 605 "Accubat, et manibus prohibet contingere mensas, "Exsurgitque facem attoll6ns, atque intonat ore. "Hic, quibus invisi fratres, dum vita manebat, " Pulsatusve parens, et fraus innexa clienti, " Aut qui divitiis soli incubuere repertis, 610 "Nec partem posuere suis, quae maxima turba est, "Quique ob adulterium caesi, quique arma secuti " Impia, nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras, - "Inclusi poenam exspectant. Ne quaere doceri, "' Quam poenam, aut quae forma viros fortunave mersit. "Saxum ingens volvunt alii, radiisque rotarum 616 "'Districti pendent; sedet, aeternumque sedebit, "Infelix Theseus; Phlegyasque miserrimus omnes 595. A luemnum. Either for filium, 608. Quibus - fratres. "(Those) by Tityos oeing the son of Jupiter and Ter- whom their brothers were hated." ra; or more literally, " foster-son," if Vir- 609. Innex- = "devised." gil followed the legend that made him the 610. Di v i t i i s- repertis = "reposed son of Jupiter and Elaza, and concealed by themselves in the wealth they had aeand reared in the womb of the'earth, in quired." order to escape the jealousy of Juno. 612. Arnma impia. Probably an allu599. Epulis. "For his banquet." sion to the civil wars of Rome. 602. Quos. It is best to follow the ob- 613. Dominorurm dextras; i. e., the vious grammatical construction and refer faith pledged to their masters,-doubtless this word to Ixion and Pirithous, although a reference to the servile wars. the two punishments immediately men- 615. Quam poenam. Sc. exepectant.... tioned are not such as the ordinary myth- Quae - mersit = " what form or condiology ascribes to these persons. The pun- tion (of punishment) has overwhelmed the Ishments, when stripped of poetical ver- men." The form of the verb megsit shows hiage, are simply fear of a falling rock, that quam and quae are relative, not inand inappeasable hunger in the presence terrogative. of a rich banquelt 618. Theseus was chained to a rock, on 605. IMaxima; i. e., natu. account of his attempt to carry of Proser 230 P.'VIR aGILII MAR ONIS "Admonet et magna testatur voce per umbras: "' Discite justitiami moniti, et non temnere divos.'" 620 "Vendidit hic auro patriam, dominumque potentem " Imposuit; fixit leges pretio atque refixit; "Hie thalamum invasit natae vetitosque hymenaeos; "Ausi omnes imnmane nefas ausoque potiti. "Non, mihi si linguae centumrn sint oraque centum, 625 " Ferrea vox, omnes seelerum comprendere formas, "Omnia poenarum percurrere nomina possim." laec ubi dicta dedit- Phoebi longaeva sacerdos: "Sed jam age, carpe viam et susceptum perfice munus; "Acceleremus," ait; " Cyclopum educta caminis 630 "Moenia conspicio atque adverso fornice portas, " Haec ubi nos praecepta jubent deponere dona." Dixerat, et pariter gressi per opaca viarum Corripiunt spatium medium, foribusque propinquant. Occupat Aeneas aditum, corpusque recenti 635 Spargit aqua, ramumque adverso in limine figit. His demum exactis, perfecto munere divae, Devenere locos laetos et amoena vireta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas. Largior hie campos aether et lumine vestit 640 Purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt. Pars in gramineis exereent membra palaestris, Contendunt ludo et fulva luctantur arena; Pars pedibus plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt. \ Nec non Threicius longa cum veste sacerdos 645 pina. See 39.... Phlegfyas had, among 632. IIaec dona. For the singular, other daring deeds, set fire to the temple referring to the golden bough....Mraceof Apollo at Delphi. His punishment is cepta. Cf. 142, above. not mentioned by Virgil. 633. Opaca viavurm. See on I. 422. 622. lieixit atque refrxit. The ldws 634. Corripiunt = "they rapidly traywere engraved on brazen tablets, which erse." were fastened up in public places. Hence 640. Largior. Translate this in the the expression is = "made and unmade." predicate. For a similar example of ar.630. Cyclopumn - catlnti.s = " erected adjective in the nom. coupled with an bythe forges of the Cyclopes;" i. e., the abl., see V. 498.... Hic is of course an iron walls were forged by Vulcan and his adverb. workmen, the Cyclopes. 641. $olent - norunt; i. e., they enjoy 631. Adverso fornice ='under. the a sun and stars of their own. archway fronting (us)." Fornice is an abl. 645. Threicius sacerdos; i. e., Orof place' in fornice.. pheus, who is called sacerdos because he AENEIDOS LIB. VI..231 Obloquitur numeris septem discrimina vocum, Jamque eadem digitis, jam pectine pulsat eburno. Hic genus antiquum Teucri, pulcherrima proles, Maonanimi heroes, nati melioribus annis, Ilusque Assaracusque et Trojae Dardanus auctor. 650 Arma procul currusque virumrn miratur inanes. Stant terra defixae hastae, passimque soluti Per campum pascuntur equi. Quae gratia curruum Armorumque fuit vivis, quae cura nitentes Pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos. 655 Conspicit, ecce, alios dlextra laevaque per herbam Vescentes laetumque choro Paeana canentes Inter odoratum lauri nemus, unde superne Plurimus Eridani per silvam volvitur amnis. Hic manus ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi, 660 Quique sacerdotes casti, dum vita manebat, Quique pii vates et Phoebo digna locuti, Inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes, Quique sui memores alios fecere merendo; Omnibus his nivea cinguntur tempora vitta. 665 lyre, not of the voice, and nuneris is dative. The lyre has seven strings. The line presents great difficulties and has been variously interpreted. The explanation here given is that of Wagner, and is at least as satisfactory as any other. 651. I n an es = " shadowy,"-as is everything in the world of the dead. 657. Ch7oro = in choro,-" in a band." -\\ 29^' l XtX 658. Superne. "Above;" i. e., in the upper world. Virgil here places the source of the Po in the Elysian fields of the Lower World. JUP1TER DESTROYING THE GIANTS. 659. Plurimnus. Translate in the predicate with volvitur,-" rolls in a copious is said,to have taught certain religious stream." The reference is to its course dogmas through the medium of verse..... in the upper world. ZLonfa cum veste. The usual attire of 660. Hie ic-passi. Construe, Hic (sunt) musicians. -mangus (qui) passi (sunt); &c. Manus8 is a 646. Obloqititur - vocum = "' sounds collective noun,-hence the plural verbs. responsive to their measures (i. e., those 661. Quique. Sc. erant. of the singers and aancers), the seven va- 662. Trates. " Bards." rying notes (of his lyre),"'lit., " the seven 663. Vitam; i. e., of men in general. distinctions of tones." According to this 664.'"A more general description of the interpretation obloquitur is used of the benefactors of the human race.' P. VIR GILJII MAR ONIS Quos circumfusos sic est affata Sibylla, Musaeum ante omnes; medium nam plurima turba Hunc habet, atque humeris exstantem suspicit altis: "Dicite, felices animae, tuque, optime vates, "Quae regio Anchisen, quis habet locus? illius ergo 670 "Venimus et magnos Erebi tranavimus amnes." Atque huic responsum paucis ita reddidit heros: " Nulli certa domus; lucis habitamus opacis,' Riparumque toros et prata recentia rivis "Incolimus. Sed vos, si fert ita corde voluntas, 675 "Hoc superate jugum; et facili jam tramite sistam." Dixit, et ante tulit gressum, camposque nitentes Desuper ostentat; dehine summa cacumina linquunt. At pater Anchises penitus convalle virenti Inclusas animas superumque ad lumen ituras 680 Lustrabat studio recolens, omnemque suorum Forte recensebat numerum carosque nepotes, Fataque fortunasque viruim moresque manusque. Isque ubi tendentem adversum per gramina vidit Aenean, alacris palmas utrasque tetendit, 685 Effusaeque genis lacrimae, et vox excidit ore: "Venisti tandem, tuaque exspectata parenti "Vicit iter durum pietas? datur ora tueri,' Nate, tua, et notas audire et reddere voces? "Sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum, 690 " Tempora dinumerans, nec me mea cura fefellit. 667. Mitsaeus.'Some of. the early omnem numerint suorum, when Aeneas critics accused Virgil of jealousy in not appeared. Suorum and forte are thus rather naming Homer than Musaeus, as if emphatic. a sense of obligation ought to have made 683. Mianus =-" their deeds," " martial him ready to encounter an anachronism.' exploits." 674. Riparunt toros; i. e., the ver- 684. Adversum. An adjective agreedant couches which the banks form.... ing n, but to be translated i ing with Aenean., but to be translated in Recentia rivis. "I Fresh with streams. the predicate with tendentem. See on 659, 678. Linqzuunt; i. e., Aeneas and the above Sibyl. Musaeus does not accompany them 685. Alacris. See on V. 380. farther. 687. Parenti. With expectata. Gr. "de ep in a verdant vale." 225, 3 225, HI. H. 388, 4. B. 844. ~682. Forte recensebat. Anchises 690. Fzt u rum (esse). With both chanced to be reviewing that particular ducebam and rebar. part of the whole multitude, comprised in 691. Ten-pora dilnumerans ="count, AENEID OS LIB. VI. 233 "Quas ego te terras et quanta per aequora vectum "Accipio! quantis jactatum, nate, periclis! "Quam metui, ne quid Libyae tibi regna nocerent!" Ille autem: " Tua me, genitor, tua tristis imago, 695 "Saepius occurrens, haec limina tendere adegit. " Stant sale Tyrrheno classes. Da jungere dextram, "Da, genitor, teque amplexu ne subtrahe nostro." Sic memorans largo fletu simul ora rigabat. Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum, 700 Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, Par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno. Ihterea videt Aeneas in valle reducta Seclusum nemus et virgulta sonantia silvae, Lethaeumque, domos placidas qui praenatat, amnem. 705 Hunc circum innumerae gentes populique volabant; Ac velut in pratis ubi apes aestate serena Floribus insidunt variis, et candida circum Lilia funduntur; strepit omnis murmure campus. Horrescit visu subito causasque requirit 710 Inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, Quive viri tanto complerint agmine ripas. Tum pater Anchises: " Animae, quibus altera fato "Corpora debentur, Lethaei ad fluminis undam " Securos latices et longa oblivia potant. 715 "1Ias equidem memorare tibi atqne ostendere coram, "Jampridem hanc prolem cupio enumerare meorum, "Quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta." " 0 pater, anne aliquas ad coelum hinc ire putanduni est "Sublimes animas, iterumque ad tarda reverti 720 "Corpora? Quac lucis miseris tam dira cupido?" "Dicam equidem, nec te suspensum, nate, tenebo," Suscipit Anc'l1ises, atque ordine singula pandit. ing the days;" i. e., until he might expect 709. Strepit-cainmpus. Referring to Aeneas. See V. 781 seq. the shades. 700-2. Repeated from II. 792-4. 710. Subito. Adjective with visu. 704. lViqrgulta sonantia = "the rustling shrubbery." ling shrubbery."'i717. l3ieorum? s = "my descendants." 708. Circutrn-fundnzttur = "swarm 720. Sublintes = "on high,"- with around." ire. Cf. I. 415. 234 P. VIR GIL II MAR ONIS "Principio coelum ac terras camposque liquentes, "Lucentemque globum Lunae Titaniaque astra, 725 "Spiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artus "Mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet. " Inde hominum pecudumque genus vitaeque volantum, "Et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus. "Igneus est ollis vigor et coelestis origo 730 " Seminibus, quantum non noxia corpora tardant,' Terrenique hebetant artus moribundaque membra. "Iine metuunt cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque, nequc "Dispiciunt clausae tenebris et carcere caeco. [auras "Quin et supremo quum lumine vita reliquit, 735 "Non tamen omne malum miseris nec funditus omnes "Corporeae excedunt pestes, penitusque necesse est "Multa diu concreta modis inolescere miris. "Ergo exercentur poenis, veterunmque malorum "Supplicia expendunt: aliae panduntur inanes 740 "Suspensae ad ventos; aliis sub gurgite vasto "Infectum eluitur scelus, aut exuritur igni; " Quisque suos patimur Manes; exinde per amplum 725. Titania astra. Many of the best 737. Penitus - miris, lit., = "it is critics suppose the sun alone is here absolutely necessary that many (imperfecmeant,-the plural being for the singular. tions which have) for a long time grown Others, probably with less propriety, make together (with their being) should become the expression include the stars. Cf. IV. fixed therein in surprising ways." In119. stead of penitusque we would expect sed 726. Infusa per artus = "diffused penitus. throughout tihe parts." 738. Inolescere. Sc. illis. The verb 727. JMens is the principle of intelli- signifies to grow into so as " to become a gence, spiitwus the living ar vital principle. part of,"'' to be incorporated with," as a....Agitat = "actuates." bud unites with the limb in which it is 728. Inde; i. e.,. from this union of grafted....Miodis niris. Cf. I. 354. spiritus and mens with material elements. 740. The punishments are graduated to 730. Igneus. As if the pure substance the guilt,-lighter sins being removed by or essence of the divine soul were fire. See wind, those next in degree by water, while 746..... Ollis seminibus - "to these those of the deepest dye can only be obseeds (of life within us);" i. e., either as literated by fire. sparks from the all pervading soul (cf. sem- 742. Infecturn = "with which they ina RJamrnae, 6, above), or simply as prin- are infected." ciples of life emanating from that soul. 743. Quisque-MaJines.'The general 731. Qua ntumn = "so far as." meaning evidently is,' Each spirit has its 733. Hine; i.e., from this debasing in- individual discipline.' This Virgil has fluence of the body arise disturbing pas- apparently chosen to express by saying sions, &c.... Neque - ceco = "nor do'Each of us suffers his own -Manes,' the they discern the sky, shut up in darkness ]Manes, which appear to have been a sort and the blind prison-house (of the body)."! of twofold genius belonging to each per AENEIDOS LIB. VI. 235 " Mittimur Elysium, et pauci laeta arva tenemus; "Donec longa dies; perfecto temporis orbe, 745 "Concretam exemnit labem, purumque relinquit " Aetherium sensum atque aurai simplicis ignem. "Has omnes, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos, "Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno, "Scilicet immemores supera ut convexa revisant 750 "Rursus et incipiant in corpora velle reverti."' Dixerat Anchises, natumque unaque Sibyllam Conventus trahit in medios turbamque sonantem, Et tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere, et venientum discere vultus. 755 "Nunc age, Dardaniam prolem quae deinde sequatur "Gloria, qui maneant Itala de gente nepotes, " Illustres animas nostrumque in nomen ituras, "Expediam dictis, et te tua fata docebo. "' Ille, vides, pura juvenis qui nititur hasta, 760 "Proxima sorte tenet lucis loca, primus ad auras "Aetherias Italo commixtus sanguine surget, son, being regarded as separable from the therefore, partially parenthetical...Roperson himself, and as subjecting him to tam-annos; i. e., completed the circuit inflictions.' Con. of a thousand years. 744. Pauci-tenemus; i. e., a few of 749. Deus. In a general sense,-no us, who are not destined to go again into particular deity being meant. other bodies in the upper world, perma- 750. Inmmemores = "forgetful (of the nently occupy these happy fields. The past),"- as the effect of drinking from greater part simply pass through Elysium Lethe.... Supera convexac. Cf. 241. to the river Lethe, and then to the upper Some pQrtions of the preceding paraworld. graph, and especially lines 743-4, have pre745. Longa dies. Cf. V. 783, and note. sented great difficulties to commentators,....Perfecto-orbe = "the appointed and there is no passage in Virgil more round of time being completed," —ex- perplexing. The interpretation here inplained by 748 as a thousand years. dicated is thought to be the most consist747. Sensum = "soul.".... Aurai- ent of the many that have been offered. ignem = "the fire of the simple es- There can be little doubt that this is one sence,"-lit., " of the simple air," or of the unfinished portions of the Aeneid "ether." See on 730. For the form of which the Poet would have perfected had aurai see on II. 354. his life been prolonged. 748. Has omnes. As those who are to 756. Deinde = "hereafter." return to earth constitute the great major- 757. Maneant (tibi) = "await thee." ity, they are spoken of as the whole body. I... Itala de gente; i. e., fom Lavinia. It is to these that the entire description 760. Pura hasta. This was an emseems to refer, with the exception of the blem of sovereignty. clause pauc-tenemus, which briefly de- 761. Proxima lucis loca; i. e., the scribes the favored few, and which is, firstor earliest place in the world above. 236 P. VIR G ILII MA R 01VIS. " Silvius, Albanum nomen, tua postuma proles, " Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux "Educet silvis regem regumque parentem; 765 "Unde genus Longa nostrum dominabitur Alba. " Proximus ille Procas, Trojanae gloria gentis, " Et Capys, et Numitor, et qui te nomine reddet "Silvius Aeneas, pariter pietate vel armis "Egregius, si umquam regnandam acceperit Albam. 770 "Qui juvenes! quantas ostentant, adspice, vires! "Atque umbrata gerunt civili tempora quercu. "Hi tibi Nomentum et Gabios urbemque Fidenam "' Hi Collatinas imponent montibus arces, "Pometios Castrumque Inui Bolamque Coramque. 775 "l aec tum nomina erunt, nunc sunt sine nomine terrae. " Quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet "Romulus, Assaraci quem sanguinis Ilia mater " Educet. Viden', ut geminae stant vertice cristae, "Et pater ipse suo super-tm jam signat honore? 780 " En, hujus, nate, auspiciis illa incluta Roma "Imperium terris, animos aequabit Olympo, "' Septemque una sibi muro circumdabit arces, " Felix prole vir-im: qualis Berecyntia mater " Invehitur curru Phrygias turrita per urbes, 785 "Laeta defim partu, centum complexa nepotes, " Omnes coelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes 763. Postuma = "latest." ~ tention to another class who are to be dis764. Serum is explained by postuma tinguished as founders of cities. and longaevo. 772. Atque = "and also."....Tm765. Educet = pariet....Silvis = in brata - quercu. The civic crown was silvis. Livy, I. 4, says of him, casi quodam worn by those who had planted colonies in siUs natus. and founded new cities. 766. I'nde = a quo....lonyqa Alba. 773. Nomentum, &c. Sc. condent, or Cf. I. 271. some similar verb, suggested by imponent 767. Proximus. Not next in histori- in the next line. cal order, but in reference to his position 777. Avo; i. e., Numitor, whom Romat the moment among the shades. Procas ulus restored to his kingdom. was the twelfth, or, according to some ac- 779. Educet. See on 765.... Viden' counts, fourteenth king of AIba. = videsne. 770. Si umquam, &c. It is related 780. Pater ipse; i. e., Jupiter....Suthat Aeneas Silvius was kept from the perurn is for superorum. Some make throne until his fifty-third year by his superum an acc. sing., agreeing with the guardian, who had usurped the authority. object of signat, and refer pater to Mars. 771. Qui juvenes. He now calls at- 784. Berecynttia mater; i. e., Cybele. AENEID OS LIB. VI. 237 "Huc geminas nunc fiecte acies, hanc adspice gentem " Romanosque tuos. Hic Caesar et omnis Iuli "Progenies, magnum coeli ventura sub axem. 790 "Hic vir, hic est, tibi quem promitti saepius audis, "Augustus Caesar, Divi genus, aurea condet "Saecula qui rursus Latio regnata per arva "Saturno quondam; super et Garamantas et Indos "Proferet imperium; jacet extra sidera tellus, 795 "Extra anni Solisque vias, ubi coelifer Atlas "Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum. "Hujus in adventum jam nunc et Caspia regna "Responsis horrent divtm et Maeotia tellus, "Et septemgemini turbant trepida ostia Nili. 800 "Nec vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit, "Fixerit aeripedem cervam licet, aut Erymanthi "Pacarit nemora, et Lernam tremefecerit arcu; "Nec, qui pampineis victor juga fiectit habenis, "Liber, agens celso Nysae de vertice tigres. 805' Et dubitamus adhuc virtutem extendere factis, "Aut metus Ausonia prohibet consistere terra? "Quis procul ille autem ramis insignis olivae, 789. Caesar; i. e., Julius Caear.... Iu\li. See on I. 267. 795. Sidera. Referring simply to the constellations of the zodiac....elUas is doubtless Ethiopia. 796. Atlas, &c. Cf. IV. 481-2. 800. Turbant = "are troubled," — sc. 8e8e. 802. -Fixerit licet. Gr. 263, 2, (1). H. 515, I. B. 1282. Three of the twelve labors of Hercules are referred to in this and the following line. 803. -Pacarit nemora; i. e., by killing the wild boar. 804. fJuga; i. e., his team of tigers. For this famous Indian expedition of Bacchus, see Class. Dict. 806. Et dubitamus, &c.'Anchises, after showing the glorious culmination of the Trojan fortunes in Augustus, asks whether Aeneas hesitates to take his place AUGUsTUs. as a link in that vast chain of destiny.' 238 P. VIR G ILII MA R ONIS " Sacra ferens? Nosco crines incanaque menta "Regis Romani, primam qui legibus urbem 810 "Fundabit, Curibus parvis et paupere terra "Missus in imperium magnum. } Cui deinde subibit, "Otia qui rumpet patriae residesque movebit "Tullus in arma viros et jam desueta triumphis "Agmina. Quem juxta sequitur jactantior Ancus, 815 "Nunc quoque jam nimium gaudens popularibus auris. "Vis et Tarquinios reges, animamque superbam " Ultoris Bruti, fascesque videre receptos? "Consulis imperium hic primus saevasque secures "Accipiet, natosque pater nova bella moventes 820 "Ad poenam pulchra pro libertate vocabit, "Infelix! Utcumque ferent ea facta minores, "Vincet amor patriae laudumque immensa cupido. " Quin Decios Drusosque procul saevumque securi " Adspice Torquatum et referentem signa Camillum. 825 "Illae autem, paribus quas fulgere cernis in -armis, "Concordes animae nunc et dum nocte premuntur, "lieu quantum inter se bellum, si lumina vitae "Attigerint, quantas acies stragemque ciebunt, "Aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci 830 "Descendens, gener adversis instructus Eois! "Ne, pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella, "Neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires; "Tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo, "Projice tela manu, sanguis meus!- 835 840. Regis Romani; i. e., Numa gil's time the conduct of Brutus was cenPqmpllius.... Primam = primo. Cf. sured by some. I. 1. 825. Referentem signa. Camillns 811. Terra = "estate." defeated'the Gauls and recovered tihe 818. Receptos; i. e., "rescued" or standards they had taken at the disa<<"recovered" from the tyrant kings, as if trous battle of Allia. from enemies, and given to the consuls. 826. Illae. Pompey and Caesar.... 820. Nova bella. Referring to the con- Fulgere. Of the third conj. here,-an spiracy to restore the Tarquins. The two old form. sons of Brutus having been engaged in it, 830. Socer; i. e., Caesar,-his daughter they were put to death by command of Julia being the wife of Pompey. their father. Hence the expression saevas 834. Ge n us- Oly mp o. Because secares. Caesar, through Iulus, was descended 822. Utcumque fereent. As if in Vir- from Venus and Jupiter. AENEIDOS LIB. VI. 239 "Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho "Victor aget currum, caesis insignis Achivis. "Eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas, "Ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, "Ultus avos Trojae, templa et temerata Minervae. 840 "Quis te, magne Cato, tacitum, aut te, Cosse, relinquat? "Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, " Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, parvoque potentem "Fabricium, vel te sulco, Serrane, serentem? "Quo fessum rapitis, Fabii? tu Maximus ille es, 845 "Unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem. "Excudent alii spirantia mollius aera,' Credo equidem, vivos ducent de marmore vultus, "Orabunt causas melius, coelique meatus "Describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent; 850' Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento; " Hae tibi erunt artes; pacisque imponere morem, "Parcere subjectis, et debellare superbos." Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit: "Adspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis 855' Ingreditur, victorque viros supereminet omnes! "Hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, "Sistet, eques sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, "Tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino." 836. -lle. Lucius Mummius, the con- while dictator in the second Punic war, he queror of Corinth. retrieved the fortunes of Rome. 838. lIle. Probably Lucius Aemilius 847-50. Alii-dicent. The reference Paullus, who conquered Perseus, the Mac- throughout is to the Greeks,' the acknowledonian king. The latter was said to edged masters of the Romans in the arts have been a descendant of Achilles. and sciences, in eloquence and literature.' 840. Templa - Ml~inervae. See on I. 851. Romane. A general address to 41, II. 165, &c. 852. Pacis - morem. "To impose the 841. Cato. The elder Cato, or Cato the terms of peace." Censor....Tacitum is used in its strict 857 umultu. ReferringtotheGallic participial sense. war, in which Marcellus slew Virodoma843. Parvo potentem = "rich in pov- rus, the commander of the Gauls, and oberty,"-potentem being = opulentum. tained the third and last "spolia opima," 845. Ffabii. A powerful and noble fam- -the tertia arma of 859. The first was ily at Rome, the most illustrious of whom obtained by Romulus, and the second by was Quintus Fabius Maximus, surnamed Cossus, mentioned in 841, above. also Cunctator, because by his "masterly 859. Quirino. Why to him cannot inactivity" in the contest with Hannibal, easily b9 explained, as by the institutions 240 P. VIR GILII IJ ARONIS Atque hic Aeneas —una namque ire videbat 860 Egregium forma juvenem et fulgentibus armis, Sed frons laeta parum, et dejecto lumina vultu-: "Quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? "Filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum? " Qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso! " Sed nox atra caput tristi circumvolat umbra" 866 Tum pater -Anchises, lacrimis ingressus obortis: "0 gnate, ingentem luctum ne quaere tuorum; " Ostendent:terris hunc tantum fata, neque ultra " Esse sinent. Nimium vobis Romana propago 870 "Visa potens, Superi, propria haec si dona fuissent. " Quantos ille virtim magnam Mavortis ad urbem "Campus aget gemitus! vel quae, Tiberine, videbis "Funera, quum tumulum praeterlabere recentem! "Nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos 875 "In tantum spe tollet avos, nec Romula quondam "Ullo se tantum tellus jactabit alumno. "' Heu pietas, heu prisca fides, invictaque bello " Dextera! non illi se quisquam impune tulisset " Obvius armato, seu quum pedes iret in hostem, 880 " Seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos. " Heu, iniserande puer! si qua fata aspera rumpas, "Tu Marcellus eris. Manibus date lilia plenis, " Purpureos spargam flores, animamque nepotis "' His saltem accumulem donis, et fungar inani 885 "Munere."-Sic tota passim regione vagantur of Romulus himself, the spolia opima were lic funeral of Marcellus which was celeto be offered to Jupiter Feretrius. brated in the Campus Martius, on the 860. U/na; i. e., with Marcellus. banks 6f the Tiber, near Rome, where the 865. Qui- comitum! Indicating his whole populace was assembled. future popularity.'The shades of young 874. Funera. "Funeral rites.".... Marcellus' fature contemporaries crowd Turnulum. The splendid mausoleum around him admiring and applauding.' of Augustus, in which the remains were...,Quantum - iso =- "what majiesty deposited, was on the bank of the Tiber. there is in him!" It had been erected by the emperor five 871.'Visa. Sc. esset. years before. 872. Virzum. For viorum....Mavor- years before. tis. With urbem. See on I. 276. 883. Tu - eris; i. e., "'thou shalt be a 873. Campus aget = "will'that plain true Marcellus," worthy of the name. send forth." The reference is to the pub- 884. Spargam. See on IV. 684. AENErDO$ LIB. VI 241 CAIETA. Aeris in campis latis, atque omnia lustrant. Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit, Incenditque animum famae venientis amore; Exin bella viro memorat quae deinde gerenda, 890 Laurentesque docet populos urbemque Latini, Et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem. Sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur Cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus Umbris; Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, 895 Sed falsa ad coelum mittunt insomnia Manes. His ibi tum natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam Prosequitur dictis, portaque emittit eburna: Ille viam secat ad naves sociosque revisit; Tum se ad. Caietae recto fert litore portumrn. 900 Ancora de prora jacitur; stant litore puppes. 887. Aeris. Withcampis. 896. Sed, &c. Sc. per hane. 892. Et quzo, &c. C(m. 459. 897. His diotis. Referring to the in893. Fertuwr = "is said (to be)." The structions in 890-2, which Anchises congates of Sleep are from the Odyssey, tinues until they part at the gate. XIX. 562 seq., where they are similarly 900. Recto litore = "(sailing) straight described. along the shore." LEXICON. ABBREVIATIONS. Gr........... ANDIREWS & STODDARD'S GRAxxAR. HI....................... HARKNESS. B................... BULLIONS. adj..... adjective,-ly. meton.... by metonymy. abl.... ablative. mid.... in a middle or reflexive abs...... absolute,-ly. sense. abstr.... abstract,-ly. milit..... military. acc...... accusative. n. orneut.. neuter. adv..... adverb,-ially. naut.. nautical. ante-cl.... in ante-classical writers, neg.... negative,-ly. i. e., before B. C. 50. nom.... nominative. c *.... common. num.... numeral. cf...... confer, i. e., compare. obj...... objective,-ly. com... in comic writers. obs... obsolete. comp.. comparative. opp.... opposed to. concr..... concrete,-ly. ord... ordinal. conj.. conjunction. orig...... originally. contr.... contracted. Pa... participial adjective. dat..... dative. part..... participle. def..... defective. pass..... passive,-ly. demonstr... demonstrative. patr..... patronymic. dep. deponent. perf.... perfect. dimin..... diminutive. perh.. perhaps. distr... distributive. pers.. personal,-ly. e.g..... exempli gratiA. pl. or plur. plural. esp... especially. poet... poetical,-ly. f..... feminine. prep.... preposition,-al. fr...... from. pron... pronoun. freq.. frequently, or frequent- prop.... properly. ative. qs.. quasi. gen... genitive, or general,-ly. q. v...... quod vide. Gr..... Greek, or grammar. rar..... rare, —ly. id...... idem. rel...... relative. i. e..... id est. sc...... soilicet, namely, oft. = impers.... impersonal,-ly. supply. inch..... inchoative. signif.... signification. indecl.. indeclinable. sing.... singular. indef..... indefinite,-ly. subj..... subjunctive. infln.. infinitive. subs... substantive,-ly. in gen.. in a general sense. sup...... superlative. in partic.... in particular. tr..... transitive,-ly. intens..... intensive. transf... transferred. interj..... interjection. trisyl... trisyllable. interrog... interrogative,-ly. trop... in a tropical or figura. intr...... intransitive,-ly. tive sense. irr...... irregular. v....... verb, or vide. kindr. w.... kindred with. w.... with. lat...... in later writers (after Z. Zumpt's Gram. Livy). 1.. 3. 4.... first, second, &c., conlit.,.. literally. jugation. m..... masculine....... equivalent to. LEXICO N. abreptusy a, urnm, part. from, abs, prep. w. abl. (a before con- ab-ripio, pui, eptum, 3. v. tr. (rapio) sonants and ab before vowels and h, To snatch or force away, to seize and sometimes also before consonants.) 1. carry off, to abduct. Of space, from, away from; denoting ab-rumpoD flpi, upturnm, 3. v. tr. To the side or direction from which any break off, to break, rend, sever, vincula; thing takes place, is viewed, &c., on the trop., fas, vitam. side of, on, at, a dextra, ab occasu. 2. abruptus, a, um, Pa. (id.) Broken or Of time, from, since, after, ab hora ter- torn off; hence,precipitous, steep, abrupt, tia, ab urbe condita. 3. In other rela- locus: abs., in abruptum, into the abyss. tions to denote origin, cause, cessation, ab-scindo, cidi, cissum, 3. v. tr. To separation, &c., from, a Trojano san- tear off, to tear, rend. guine, desistere ab aliqua re; esp., after abs-condo~ condi (seld. condidi), conpassive verbs and intransitives of simi- ditum, 3. v. tr. To conceal, put out of lar signif., by, by means of, ab ense mori, sight (in a careful, quiet or orderly way); ab aliquo laudari. poet., to lose sight of (by withdrawing Ab}s, antis, m. A companion of Aeneas. from a thing), arces. abdo, Idi, Itum, 3. v. tr. To 4ive or put absens, entis, Pa. (absum) Absent. away, to remove. 2. To conceal, aliquid; ab-sisto, stiti, -, 3. v. intr. To withpoet., ensem lateri. draw, depart from, a loco. 2. To deab-dlico, xi, ct it, 3. v. tr. To lead sist, cease, obsidione, moveri. away, remove, dtiaw back. abs-ltneo, tInui, tenturnm, 2. v. tr. and lb-eo, ii, (seld. Ivi), Itum, ire, v. intr. intr. (teneo). To hold away, keep back, To go away, depart, retreat. aliquem re or ab re. 2. Intr., To ablbies, etis, f. Afir-tree. 2. Poet. Fir- stainfrom a thing, injuria. wood, or any thing made of it, as a ship abs-triido flsi, ftsum, 3 v. tr. To or spear. thrust away; hence, to conceal, hide. ablitus, a, um, part. of aufero. abstrfisusy a, um, part. (id.) Hidden, ab-luo, ui, fltun, 3. v. tr. To wash offor concealed. away, maculas. - 2. To cleanse by wash- ab-sum, abfhi, abesse, v. intr. To be ing, to wash, cleanse, purify, me flumine. away from, to be absent, be distant, ab ab-nggo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To deny urbe, domo; trop., a vero. 2. To be wholly; hence, to deny, refuse (mostly free from, a culpa; to take no part in, poet.) ab istis etudiis; to differfrom, ab iis; to ab-nIio% ni, ultum or Iltum, 3. v. tr. To be wanting to a person or thing. refuse by a motion of the head; in gen., ab-simo, mpsi, mptum, 3. v. tr. To to refuse, reject aliquid or facere aliquid. take away; hence (in the com. and more ab-6Sleoo, vi (ui), Itum, 2. v. tr., (post- extended sense), to consume, devour, Ciceronian) Orig., to retard growth, to mensas, pecuniam, tempus; to destroy, hinder existence; hence, more extended, kill, aliquem. to eflace, destroy, monumenta, memo- ac, conj., see atque. riam; to abolish, annul, religionem. AcAmasy antis, m. (AKIal). Son of ACA 246 ACQ Theseus, one of the Greeks concealed in ac-curro7 curri (seld. ciicurri), cursum, the wooden horse. 3. v. intr. To run to, hasten to, ad aliacanthus7 i, m. (fcaveos) Bear's-foot (a quem. plant). acer, cris, cre, adj. (aKpoS) Pointed, Acarnlan, Anis, adj. Of Acarnania, a sharn. 2. Oi perceptions, impressions, province in Greece, Acarnanialn. Subs. character, &c., keen,.fierce, violent, acin plur., Acarnines, urnm, m., the inhab- tive, ardent. itants of Acarnania. aicerbusq a, um, adj. (id.) Harsh (to the ac-cedoe cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. To taste). 2. Trop., harsh, bitter, severe; go to, tc approach (ad w. ace., and poet. painful, sor'rowful. w. acc. only); trop., to enter upon any Acernrus a, um, adj. (acer, the maple business, occupy one's self with, under- tree). liade ot maple, maple. take. 2. To be added; accedit (intro- Acerra7 ae, I. An incense-box, a censer. ducing a new clause), add to this, besides. Acervus7 i, m. A heap, frumenti; a ac-cblero, 5vi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. mass, multitude, in gen. Ta hasten, accelerate, iter. 2. Intr., to (Acesta or 3Egeslta ae, f. A town in make haste. Sicily, named after Acestes. ac-cerndo, ndi, nsum, 3. v. tr. (candeo) Acestesp ae, m. ('AKoa~-e,) A kinq of TG kindle, to set on fire, (above, that it Siciqly, ho ho hospitably received Aeneas may burn downward, while succendere and the Trojans. As a son of the riveris to lindle below, and incendere, to fire qod Crimisus and of a Trojan woman, on all sides). 2. Trop., to infiame, in- Eqesta, he is called Trojanus. tense, rouse up, aliquem, spem; to in- Ach<:icusy a, urnm, adj. (Achaia, a provcrease, spem, dolorem. ince ot Peloponnesus, and after 146, accessus7 -s, m. (accedo) A going to, B. C., applied to the whole of Greece as an approach. 2. Poet., an entrance. a Roman province) Achaean, Grecian. ac-cido, Idi, Isum, 3. v. tr. (caedo) To cut Achaius, a, um, adj. Poet. for Achaicus. into. 2. Trop., to weaken, impair, spes. Achites, ae, m. ('Ax67T,) The faithful ac-cingo7 nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. Poet., companion of Aeneas. to gird on, ensem. 2. To arm, equip, Achbmenldes, ae, m. Acompanionof se. 3. Trop., accingere se or accingi, Ulysses rescued by Aeneas from the counto prepare one's self, to prepare for any try of the Cyclopes. thing, praedae; to apply one's self to, Ach6ron, tis, m. ('Axpwv) A S-ivee of the operi, magicas artes. Lower World. 2. Poet. for the Lower ac-clpioi c6pi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. (capio) World itself. To take to one's self, to take, receive, en- Achilles, is, m. ('AXLXXev) Son of Peleus, tertain, aliquid, aliquem. 2. To take king of Thessaly, and of the Nereid Theinto one's mind, to receive; to accept, ap- tis, and the most valiant of the Grecian prove; to learn, hear, to observe, regard; heroes at the siege of Troy. to comprehend, understand. Achillbus, a, um, adj. 0f Achilles, accisusp a, um, part. from accido. Achillean. accitus, iis, m. (accio, to call) (Only Achlivus a, unm, adj. (digammated fr. in abi. sing.) A summons, a call. Achaeus, fr. Achaia; v. Achaicus) Greac-commndo, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. cian. 2. Subs., Achivi, orum, theGreeks. (com-modus, of full measure, complete, Acid5lia, ae, f.('AKL8ahXa) An epithet of fit) Tofitoradapt to, to accommodate to; Venus,from Acidalius, a fountain in Boeto apply to (lit. and trop.); ensem lateri, otia, a favorite haunt of Venus and the to fasten or gird to. Graces. ac-cfibo, ui, itum, 1. v. intr. (cubo, to gci5s, 6i, f. The sharpandbrightedgeof liedown) Tolieorrecline near. 2. Esp., a cutting instrument. 2. Transf., akeen to recline at table. glance of the eye, sight; poet., the eye ac-cumbo, cfibui, cibitum, 3. v. intr. itself; keenness of the mental eye, acuteTo lay one's self down at or on a place. ness, penetration. 3. Visual lines transf. 2. Esp., to recline at table. to the straight ranks of troops in flashac-cumliilo fivi, itum, 1. v. tr. Toadd ing armor, a line of battle, battle-array; more to a heap, to heap upon, heap up, a battle itself; in gen., a line or band of augment; poet., animam donis, to heap troops. upon, i. e., present with in abundance. ac-quiro, sIvi, situm, 3. v. tr. (quaero) ACR 247 ADR To acquire, to gain, get, (1) in addition to; in partic., to bring as a guest, to into what is already possessed, (2) in a vite, penates. 2. To employ, make use gen. sense. of for any purpose. Acr gas. antis, m. CAKpayae) The Greek ad-huc, adv. Of space, To this place, name of the city of Agrigentum in Sicily, thus far. 2. More freq. of time, Until and also of the mountain on which it now, as yet, still. 3. (Lat.) Besides,furstood. ther, unam rem a. adjiciam. 4. (Lat.) W. acta, ae, f. (aIKr) A delightful sea-shore. comparatives, still, a. difficilior. Actius, a, um, adj. (Poet. for Actiacus) Md-lgo, egi, actum, 3.v. tr. (ago) To drive, Of Actium, a promontory of Epirus. take or bring to; (fulmine or turbine) to dciitus, a, um, Pa. (acuo, to sharpen) strike or hurl down. 2. Toforce, compel Sharpened, sharp, pointed, cuspis. 2. Of to a state of mind or to an act; aliquem objects affecting the senses, or the body ad jusjurandum, or merely jusjurandum, in gen., sharp, acute, violent. 3. Of the or the abl., jurejurando, to put one on senses or intellectual qualities, acute, sa- oath, bind by an oath. gacious. ad-Imeo Bmi, emptum, 3. v. tr. (emo, to ad, prep. w. ace. Primary idea, direction take, an obs. v., found only in cormpoor approximation towards a place (time sition.) To take to one's self; to take or number); secondary idea, position at away. the place, without reference to the space adItus, Its, m. (adeo) A going to, an traversed. To, towards, against. 2. By, approa4; access. 2. An entrance, apnear, at, among. 3. Of partic. relations proach, avenue. in which the fundamental ideas are as ad-jivo, jalvi, jftunm, 1. v. tr. To help, above: ad id, for this; ad salutem, for support, to stand by, aid, assist, sustain. the sake of safety'; according to, ad prae- ad-miror Eatus, 1. v. dep. tr. To admire. scriptum; with regard to, ad cetera; com- 2. To wonder at, to be astonished at. pared with, ad ilium; in addition to, be- ad-mitto mIsi, missum, 3. v. tr. To sides, ad hoc; &c. send to orrward. 2.. To allow to go to Adamas, antis, m. (&aiaas) The hardest or in, to admit 3. Trop., to permit, iron or steel; poet., any thing of similar allow, aliquid; to admit to one's self a character. bad act, to commit, scelus. Adgmastusp i, m. Thefather of Ache- ad-md6neo, ni, Itum, 2. v. tr. To atmenides. monish, to remind, to advise; aliquem ad-dico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. In augurial de re, aliquid, ad, ut, ne, acc. w. infin. lang., and often w. aves, To give assent ad-m6veo, mOvi, mOtum, 2. v. tr. To to, be propitious to. 2. In judicial lang., move or bring to. To award to one, to adjudge, deliver to, Ad-61eo, 6lui, ultnm, 2. v. tr. To adgive up. 3. To deliver, yield, in gen.; vance in growth, to increase, enlarge; in a good sense, to devote, consecrate to; whence in sacrificial lang., to honor, worin a bad sense, to abandon. ship, venerate, penates; to offer sacrifice ad-do, didi, dltum, 3. v. tr. To give, bring to a deity, Junoni honores. or place to, to add. ad-61escop evi, ultum, 8. v. intr. (id.) adductusp a, urnm, Pa. (ad-duco) Drawn To grow up, come to maturity; trop., to to; drawn, strained, drawsight, con- grow, increase, cupiditas. tracted, lacertus, arcus. 2. Of character, ad-6pgrio, 6rui, ertum, 4. v. tr. To serious, grave. cover. fd-eo Ilvi (oftener ii), Itum, 4. v. tr. and ad-6rior, ortus, 4. v. dep. tr. To rise intr. To go to, to approach. 2. To ad- up to do something, go at something. dress, accost, aliquem. 3. To meet, en- 2. To approach. 3. To approach with counter: to undertake, enter upon; o hostile purpose, to attack. 4. To attempt, undergo. undertake any thing. id-e5o adv. So far (in,space, time, or d-Sro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To speak degree); so long; so, thus, obtusa. 2. to. 2. To beseech, entreat, supplicate For giving emphasis, esp. to a pron., (esp. a deity); hence, to adore,.orship. adj. or adv., Even, indeed, tres a., jam a., &drastus i, m, (-ASpao-ro) g of Arsic a., vix a. gos and father-in-law of Tyeu and ad-hIbeo, ui, Itum, 2. v. tr. (habeo) To Polynices, and one of the " Seven agisg hold a thing to another, to bring or convey Thebes." ADS 248 AEN ad-scendop ndi, nsum, 3. v. intr. and adventus, ils, m. (advenio) An arrival. tr. (scando) Intr., to ascend, mnout up, adversor, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (adverclimb. 2. Tr., To climb, murum. sus) To be against, to oppose, adversante adscensusp 1is, m. (id.) An ascending, vento; trop., mihi. an ascent. 2. Coner., an approach, as- adversusp a, um, Pa. (adverto) Turned cent. to; hence,. opposite, opposing, before, in adspargo (more freq. adspergo), Inis, f. front. 2. Trop., adverse, unfavorable; (spargo) A sprinkling. 2. Meton., that hostile, opposing. which is sprinkled, spray. ad-vertop ti, sum, 3. v. tr. To turn to ad-spectop Avi, atum, I. v. intens. tr. or towards. 2. To turn the mind to, to To look at attentively, with esteem, long- attend to, observe. ing, expectation, &c., to gaze at, survey. ad-v6cop avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To call one 2. Trop., to pay attention to, jussa; of to a place, to summon. places, toface, to li opposite. ad-volvop vi, vbllftum, 3. v. tr. To roll adspectus, lts, m. (id.) A looking at, a to or towards. look, a glance; the sense of seeing, sight. ad tum, i, n. (&uwrov, not to be entered) 2. Pass., sight, appearance, aspect. The innermost part of a temple which ad-spicio exi, ectum, 3. v. tr. (specio, none but the priests could enter, the to look at To look at, behold, see; to sanctuary, shrine; poet. for the innerexamine, inspect. 2. Trop., with the most part of a tomb. mind, to consider, ponder. 3, Inch., AeAcidesp ae, m. (AiaKiS) A descendto get a view of, to descry. ant of Aeacus, used forAchilles, Pyrrhus ad-spiro avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. and Perseus. To breathe or blow upon. 2. Trop., to Aeaeus, a, um, adj. (Aiacos) Of Aea, a favor, assist (figure taken from a favor- city in Colchis, Aeaean, Colchian; w. ing breeze); to breathe toward, aspire to, Circe, because she was orig. in Colchis. strive to reach, to approach. 3. Tr., to aedes, is, f. (Orig. a simple dwelling with blow or breathe upon (lit. and trop., as one room, but after the Aug. period, in alicui ventos or amorem). the sing. - templum) A temple, a sancad-sto, stiti, -, 1. v. intr. To stand tuary. 2. In plur. in sense of the apart. near, to stand. ments of a house, and in gen., a house, ad-suescoy Evi, Mtum, 3. v. tr. and intr. palace. To accustom one to something. 2. Intr., aedificop lvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (aedes-facio) to accustom one's self to, to be accustomed To build- a house, temple, &c.; in gen., to to; poet. w. ace. bella, to make familiar. build, erect, construct. ad-sumv affui, adesse, v. intr. (imperf. Aegaeus, a, um, adj. Pertaining to the snbjunc. sometimes afforem, es, et, &c., Aegaean sea, Aegaean. and fut. infinit., affore) To be present, to aeger, gra, gram, adj. Of the body, be at hand; to appear, to come forward. sick, sffring, feeble, exhausted. 2. Of 2. To be present with assistance, to as- the mind, sick in heart, desponding unsist, aid, alicui. happy, sorrowful, wretched, distressed; dultgriump ii, -n. (ad-ulter alter) poet. of abstr. things, sad, grievous, Adultery. mors, amor. hdultus, a, urnm, Pa. (adolesco) Pull- aemiil a, urnm, adj. In a good sense, grown, matured, adult. emulous; in a bad sense, envious, jealad-veho? xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To carry to ous; (poet. and lat.) vying with, rivala place; m gen., to convey, conduct. 2. ing, tibia. Pass., advehi, to be carried by any con- Aeneoidess ae, m. (Aivei$rls) A descendveyance, hence, to ride, sail to. ant of Aeneas. 2. Plur., followers of ad-vlop 1. v. tr. To veil; poet., to Aeneas, the Trojans; also the Romans. crown, wreathe. Aenbas, ae, m. (Aivelas) Aeneas, son of advinap ae, m. (ad-venio) A new-comer, Venus and AncAises, leader of the Troa stranger. jans to Italy, forefather of the Romans, ad-vfnio, v1ni, ventum, 4. v. intr. and and hero of the Aeneid,. tr. To come to, arrive at, arrive. aenuss or Ahgnus, a, um, adj. (aes) Braadvento, tvi, Rtum, 1. v. intr. (freq. of zen, of bronze or copper; aenum, i, n. id.) To come nearer and nearer to, to (supply vas, a vessel) a brazen vessel, a approach. caldron. AEO 249 AF_ Ae6liap ae, f. (AloeXa) An island near aestus, its, m. The billowy, wavg oSicily, the abode of Aeolus, tion of fire or water. 2. A surge, a tide, Ae6lUdes ae, m. (AioAihrq) A descend- aflood of water. 3. Trop., of the mind, ant of Aeolus. agitation, commotion. Ae6liusp a, um, adj. (Ai6ALov) Of Aeolus. aetas, atis, f. (contr. fr. the ante-cel. 2. Of Aeolia, Aeolian. aevitas, fr. aevum) Age = a period or Ae6lus; i, m. (AloAos) The god of the stage of human life, ae. militaris. 2. winds. The life-time of man, life. 3. Indef., an aequaevusp a, urn, adj. (aequus-aevum) age, generation, time. Of equal age. aeternus a, um, adj. (= aeviturnus, fr. aequalis, e, adj. (aequus) Of place, even, aevum) Jternal, everlasting. 2. Adv.;, uniform, level; hence, trop., continuing aeturnum, forever, eternally. like itself, uniform, unvarying. 2. In aether, 6ris, and Gr. tros, m. (ai~op) comparisons, equal, like in size, value, The pure upper air, the ether. 2. Poet. &c.; in partic., equal in age; subs., for heaven. 3. The air in gen. 4. Poet. aequales, equals, companions. for the upper world. aequo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (id.) aethirius, a, urn, adj. (id.) Pertaining To make even or level, locum. 2. To to the ether, ethereal, airy, heavenly, celesmake equal, to equalize. 3. Intr., and tial. also tr., to equal, come up to. Aethiopsp bpis, m. (Aeio) An Ethioaequor, bris, n. (id.) An even, level sur- pian. face. 2. Esp., the surface of the sea; aethra, ae, f. (aipa) The clear sky, also the sea in gen., and in the plur. may the sky. often be rendered waves. Aetna ae, f. (AiTV). The volcano in Sicaeqipus, a, um, adj. Of place, even, level, ily. According to fable, Typhoeus or horizontal. 2. Of any quality, equal. 3. Enceladus was buried beneath Aetna. Morally, fair, right, Just; in partic., Vulcan also had here his workshop in aequum (as subs.), what is equitable, which he worked with thle Cyclops. equity. 4. Favorable, friendly, propi- Aetnaeus7 a, um, adj. (A;TvaZos) Of tious. 5. Of the mind, calm, composed, Aetna, Aetnaean. tranquil, constant. aevum, i, n. (ai&v) Never ending time, irp lris, m. (a&p) T7he air, esp. the lower eternity. 2. The lifetime of man, life. air, atmosphere; poet. for a mist, cloud. 3. An age, generation. 4. A period of aeratusp a, urnm, Pa. (fr. obs. aero, fr. human life, age; in partic., old age. aes) Furnished or covered with brass affabilis (adf.), e, adj. (affor) Easy to or bronze. 2. Poet., made of brass or be accosted, easy of access, affable. bronze. affatus7 fs, m. (id.) A speaking to, aereus, a, unm, adj. (aes) Made of an address, speech. bronze, brazen; also furnished or cov- affecto (adf.), lvi, Itum, 1. v. tr. (freq. ered with brass or bronze. - of afficio, fr. ad-facio) To strive after, aerI-pes, 5dis, adj. (aes-pes) Brazen- seek to attain, aim at, pursue, reach; to footed. seize, navem, aliquem. &iriusp a, um, adj. (aBr) Pertaining to afFtro, attflli, allatum, afferre, v. tr. (adthe air, aerial. 2. Rising high in the fero) To bear or carry to a place; to air, lofty, mons. bring, present. 2. To bring or present aes, aeris, n. Any Qre except gold and as news, to report, announce. silver; but esp. copper; in gen., brass, af-figo ixi, ixum, 3. v. tr. To join or bronze, an alloy of copper. 2. Any thing fasten to, to afix. madeof copper, brass, or bronze, a brazen affixus, a, urnm, Pa. (id.) Fastened or prow, a trumpet, &c. 3. Money, coins joined to, clinging to; remaining fixed. being originally of copper. 4. The pay, afflictus, a, um, Pa. (affligo, to strike to wages of soldiers. the ground) Cast down; dejected, foraestasr Atis, f. (atcw, aestns) The sum- lorn, wretched, dekperate, fortuna, res; mer; poet., summer air or weather. of the mind, dejected, discouraged, lucaestuo, Avi, Atum, 1. v. intr. (aestus) tu; morally, abandoned, despised, vile. Of the motion of fire or water, to blaze af-flo, lvi, Itum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (flo, up, boil up, to surge, to rage. 2. Trop., to blow) To blow or breathe to or upon, of the feelings, to be excited or agitated. vaporem membris, oculis honores. 2. AFF 250 ALB With that upon which something is trop.). 2. Trop., to pursue something in blown as the object, me fulminis ven- the mind, to think of, deliberate upon, to tis; trop., to inspire, animate, numine be occupied with; to speak of, de re; of dei affiari. time, to spend, pass, vitam; abs., agiaf-fiuo, xi, xum, 3. v. intr. To flow or tare, to live, be. stream to; of persons, to come to in agmenp Inis, n. (ago) A train in mohaste, to hasten to. 2. To overflow with, tion, a train, troop, crowd, band (esp. of frumento, honore. men, but also of animals and things); af-for, atus, 1. v. dep. tr. To speak to, an army, a battalion. 2. Transf., a to address. movement, course. safire and aftirem. See adsum. agnap ae, f. (agnus) A ewe lamb. Africap ae, f. Africa; in a wide sense, agnosco, nOvi, nitum, 3. v. tr. (ad-nosthe whole division of the world of that co) To know (in relation to one's self), name; in a narrower sense, the territory to recognize as one's own. 2. To recogof Carthage. nize an object already known, while cogA[fricUsS a, un, adj. (poet. for Afri- nosco is to get knowledge of the uncanus) African. 2. Africus ventus, or known. 3. In gen., To acknowledge, Africus i, m., the stormy south-west wind. admit. 4. (=cognoscere) To become ac-.Agimemnoniusp a, um, adj. C(Aya- quainted with, to know. Lev6vwvo) Of Agamemnon, leader of the agnus, i. m. A lamb. Grecian forces before Troy. ago e~gi, actum, 3. v. tr. (ayw) Toput in Agithyrsi 0Orum, m. CAyiOvprom) A motion, move. 1. To drive, impel,force, Slcythian people who painted or tatooed push on, advance; to chase, pursue; to their faces and limbs. They lived in lead, conduct. 2. To do, execute, attend what is modern Hungary. to, manage; to deal with, to treat. 3. -Agnor 6ris, m. ('Aynvyp) An early To spend or pass time. 4. Imper., age, ifg of Phoenicia, an ancestor of Dido; agite, come! come on! hence the poet calls Carthage Agenoris agrestis, e, adj. (ager) Of the country, urbs. rustic, rural. 2. Trop., boorish, unculager, gri, m. (axpos) Territory, land; tivated. more restricted, a field. 2. The country, agric6la~ ae, m. (ager-colo) A cultivator as opp. to the town. of land, /armer, countryman, peasant. agger, Mris, m. (aggero) Materials ahbnusy v. aenus. gathered to form a pile. 2. The heap, 5iol v. def. (Po say yes (opp. to negg)3 2. pile formed of the materials; in partic., To assert,4 a$,rnpay.'. \ a bank, embankment, dike (of a river); a A ax lcis, i c (Aiia) The name of tv)a barrier, rampart; an elevation, e- reez s renowned for their valor: Ajax nence, raised surface. Teamonius, the son of Telamon, and agggro, avi, ttum, 1. v. tr. (agger) To Ajax Oileus, king of the Locri; both parheap or pile up; trop., to increase, ag- ticipants in the.siege of Troy. gravate, iras. la, ae. f., A wing of a bird. 2. In men, ag-gbro, (ad-g.), gessi, gestum, 3. v. tr. the armpit. 3. The wing of an army. To bear or carry to, to heap upon. Alacerp cris, cre, adj. Excited by any ag-gSl6mro, (ad-g.), avi, atum, 1. v. passion, inspired; gen. with idea of joytr. To wind-to, as upon a ball; hence ous feelings, elated, lively, brisk, eager, poet., to gather to, add or join to. cheerful, joyful. ag-grgdior, (ad-g.), gressus, 3. v. dep. ilitus, a, um, aoj. (ala) Winged. tr. and intr. (gradior) To go to, to Alba, or Alba Longa, ae. f. The approach. 2. To apply to, to accost. 3. mother city of Rome, built by Ascanius. To go to in a hostile way, to attack, as- Albanus a. m, adj. Of Alba (Longa), sail. 4. To go to, to set about, attempt Alban. S ubs., Albani, orum, m., The something. Albans. agititor, Oris, m. (agito) A driver, albesco, 6re, v. inch. (albeo, fr. albus) charioteer. To become white; to become light, to agfto, avI, team, 1. v. tr. (freq. of ago) dawn, lux. To put in motion; to drive, urge for- albus, a, um, adj. White (dull or pale, ward, pursue; to drive hither and not shining-cf. candidus,) pale. 2. thither; to disquiet, agitate (lit. and Trop.,favorable, propitious, stella. ALC 251 AMB Alcides, ae, m. CAXKEiS71) A descendant T Ie one, the other of two.?. Tle secof Alceus, i. e., Hercules. ond. 3. Repeated, alter-alter, the one iles, a]Itis, adj. (ala) Winged; trop., -the other. swift. 2. Subs., m. and f., a bird. alterno, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (alternus) Aletesp is, m. A companion of Aeneas. To do by turns, to alternate, vices; poet. ilibnus, a, um, adj. (alius) Of another, intr., to alternate, uwrer. another's, alien, foreign; aes. a., a debt. alternus, a, um, adj. (alter) One after 2. Trop., foreign from; incompatible; another, by turns, alternate. unfavorable; hostile. altrix, Lcis, f. (alo) A (female) nourisher, illger, g~ra, gbrum, adj. (ala-gero) a nurse. Poet., Winged. altus, a, am, Pa. (alo) Grown great by aliqui, qua, quod, indef. pron. adj. (alius- nournshment, support, &c. 1. Bh, qul) Some, any. lofty, mons; 2. Deep, prqoflnd,: eare 5lquis, qua, quid, indef. pron. (id.) (altus has regard to distanee both' ap Some one, any one, some, any. 2. Idea and down). 3. Subs., altum, i, a.,-a of alius predom., some other. 3. Some- height, esp. poet. for heawa; a;ept, times an adj. = aliqui. the deep sea, the deep. 1llter, adv. (alius) Otherwise, in another alumnus i, m. (alo) A nu8sang, pupil, manner; non or haud aliter, not other- foster-child, son. wise, =just so. alveus, i, m. (ainus) A holluo, a caSty. Alius, a, ud, adj. (aoAAo) Another, other; 2. A hollow, deep vewl. 3. A hold of a plur., others, some. 2. Repeated, alius- ship. 4. A river bed. alius, one-another, the one-the other; alvusv i, f. (alo) e belly, the abdomen. alii-alii, some —others. 2. The womb (=uterus). al-libor, lapsus, 3. v. dep. intr. Tbfa/lt amp v. ambi. to or toward, to come to by a falling (but amansp antis, Pa. (amo) Loing, q.cZ - more freq. by a gliding) motion; hence, tionate,fond. in gen., to glide to, come to, reach, oris;.imirL~cus i, m. (aLaxcds) 3farjoram, w. acc., fama a. aures. a plant. al-ligo avi, ltam, 1. v. tr. To bindto; amarus a, nm, adj. Bitter. 2. Trop., in gen., to bind, hold, confine (lit. and unpleasant, disagreeable; harsh, spiteftil, trop.). homo, dictum. al-l6quor, lociltus, 3. v. dep. tr. To Amizon onis, f. CAog&a4v; etymol. nspeak to, to address. known; the der. fr. &-j=a4s, without a almus, a, um, adj. (contr. fr. alimus, fr. breast, is a mere fancy). Plur. Amazones. alo) Nourishing, cherishing; hence, boun- A community offemale warriors dwelltng tiful, kind, indulgent, prcpitious, benig- on the river Thermodon. nant, genial, Venus, ager, lax. mAiz6niuss a, um, adj. (id.) Amazoilo iAlui, altnm, anllmtur, & v. tr. To nian. nourish, Isq Awiatf Coajce, trop., ambiges, is, f. (in the sing., only in the to stren -gr, enmliven, suc- abl.) (ambi-ago). A going around; hence, cessus. in plur., turnings, windings, intricacies,.Alidae rnmm, mn. CAAoeZSat) Sons of tecti. 2. Trop., of speech, circumlocuAloeus, the giants Otus and Ephialtes. tion, easion; also obscurity, ambiguity, Alphbus, ei, m. (AA4ieZov) A river in mystery; poet. for the details of a long Pelopornneus. As this river disappeared story. under ground, the ancients fancied it amb-do, edi, Gaum, 8. v. tr. To eat or went under the sea and appeared again gnaw around; to waste, consume, robora in the fountain of Arethusa. flammis. Alpinus a, um, adj. (Alpes, the Alps) ambi, abbrev. arab, am or an, prep., used Of the Alps, Alpine. only in composition. Around, about, on altiriap ium, n. (altas) The upper part both sides. of an altar, on which the victim Was ambnuues a, um, adj., (ambi-ago.) burned. 2. Transf., poet. (= ara), the Maoving both ways; hence, wavering, altar itself, esp. a high altar. hesitating, uncertain, obscure, ambigalte, adv. (altus) wigh, aloft, on high. uous. 2. Deep. amb-io, Mvi and ii, Ttum, 4. v. tr. and alter, era, urnm (gen. com. altrlIas), adj. intr. (anib-eo.) ob go around; hence, to AMB 252 ANH surround, environ, encompass. 2. To things, much, abundant, great. 3. Trop., go aro und and solicit votes, to canvassfor of appearance, splendid, magnificent, votes, to solicit; in gen., to solicit one for glorious; of persons, illustrious, distinfavor, etc., to solicit, petition. guished, honorable, renowned. ambo, ae, o, adj. plur. (ajLw~). Both. Amycusp i, m. ('AvKos) An ancient ambrr6siusp a, urn, adj. (&pqp6Loes) king of the Bebrycians, and a renowned (ambrosia, 1st, the food of the gods, 2nd, boxer. 2. A companion of Aeneas. an unguent of the gods) Poet., Perfum- anl conj. Or. Gen. introduces the second ed with ambrosia, ambrosial; transf., di- member of a disjunctive interrogation: vine, and in gen., lovely, beautifd, comae. e. g., Eloquar an sileam? Nescio, gratu*,,ami~as$ entis, adj. Out of one's lerne tibi an timeam. 2. The first quessenses, without sense,frantic, distracted, tion is often omitted and is to be supplied amazed. from the context, and then an begins the Arnitrlic, icui or ixi, ictum, 4. v. tr. (am- whole interrogation. If the ellipsis is iacio), To throw around; to wrap about, not supplied an may be omitted in trans-.arsround, veil, cover. lation. 3. Whether; after expressions _auiztusa7 ls, m. (id.) Orig., A putting of doubt and uncertainty, haud scio, neson of a garment; hence, mode ef dress, cio, dubito, incertum est, etc. See Gr. fashion. 2. Transf., the garment itself, 198, 11, R. (a), (d) and (e). esp. an upper garment, mantle. 3. Trop. anceps, cipitis, adj. (am-caput) Hauand poet., a covering, envelopment (nebu- ing two heads, Janus; in gen., double, lae, coeli, &c.). twofold, pugna. 2. Trop., doubtful, un- _rl'iS a, um, adj. (amno) Fkndly, certain, undecided, wavering. amicable, benevolent, kind. Annchigsps ae, m. ('Ayxxins) The amicus7 i. m. (id.) Afriened. father of Aeneas. miCSau3 n a, um, part. from - Anchisfus a, urnm, adj. ('AyXtaeLos) Of a-Maitto Isi, issum, 3. v. tr. To send Anchises, Anchisean. away. 2. To let go, let slip. 3. To lose, ALnchisiadesp ae, m. CAyXLtatar8s) The genitorem. son of Anchises, Aeneas..Amm nll unis, m. ('Algjov) An appel- ancras ae, f. (yiwvpa) An anchor. ation of Jupiter, as worshiped in Africa J ncus2 i, m. Ancus Marcius, the grandin the form of a ram. son of Numa, and fourth king af Rome. amni3s is, m. A stream (broad, deep Andritgeos, andgeas,i, m. ('AvSp6~yes) and rapid), a river; poet. for a torrent, A son of Minos, king of Crete, slain by and also for water, in gen. the Athenians. 2. A Grecian leader at *AmoP Avi, stum, 1. v. tr. To love. the siege of Troy. Amoenusj a, um, adj. Pleasant, charm- Andr6mache, es, and a, ae, f. (Avspoing, deli ghfliU saX-r) Daughter of Eetion and wife of.morS 6ris, m. (amo) Love, affection, Hector, after the destruction of Troy carfondness, longing, desire; personified, tied away captive by Pyrrhus to Greece, Amor, the god of love. and subsequently married to Hdelenu, the a-m6veo, mOvi, mtumn, 2. v. tr. To brother of Hector. move or take away, to remove. anguis' is, m. and f. A serpent. Armphrksiusp a, um, adj. Of Amphry- angustus, a, um, adj. (ango, to press tosus (a river in the southern part of Thes- gether) NVarrow, close, contracted, small salia, on whose banks Apollo fed the (in many lit. and trop. senses). Subs., flocks of Admetus; hernce, an epithet of angustum, i, n., a narrow place; a critApollo), Amphrysian. ical condition, dificulty. am-ple'ntory plexus, 3. v. dep. tr. (plec- Anhelitus, 1is, m. (anhelo) A didficulty to, to plait, interweave,,rAlod) TO twine of breathing, pantin, puffing. 2. In around; hence,'to surround, embrace. gen., breathing, breath. 3. Exhalation, amplexusp fis, m. (id.) An encircling, terrae. an embrace. anhbelo, vi, atnm, 1. v. intr. and tr. amulius, adv., comp. (amplus). In ex- (am-halo) To get breath, as it were, all tension of time and of niumber, more, around, from all sides, to breathe with dif-.longer. ficulty, to pant, puff. 2. Tr., to breathe amplus, a, un aadj. Of space, large, forth with panting, verba, ignes; trop., spacious, ample.'2. Transf. to other scelus. ANH 253 APP inhelusy a, um, adj. (id.) Panting, heav-. first; followed by quam, with which it ing. is sometimes united in one word, anteanilisp e, adj. (anus, an old woman) An quam, sooner than, before. old woman's, old-womanish, anile. ante-fro, tUli, lhtumn, ferre, v. tr. To fnnmaP ae, f. (kindr. with avEqos, fr. wo, carry or bear before. 2. Trop., To place a;,i) A current of air, a breeze, breath, before, to prefer. wind (thus poet.). 2. The air, as an antennapae, f. A sail-yard. element. 3. The air inhaled, breath. AntEior, 6ris, m. (AvTrivp) A nephew 4. The breath of life, the animal life or of Priam 4pho after the fall of Troy went spisit, the soul (as the principle of ani- to Italy andfounded Patavium. mal existence), vital power; hence, a Antbn6rides, ae, m. A descendant of living being, a soul; (freq. of the dead) Antenor. a ghost, spirit, manes. antequam or ante quam. See ante. anmalp alis, n. (id.) A living creature, Antheusy bos, m. A companion of an animal, in the widest sense, includ- Aeneas. ing man. antiquuns a, um, adj. (ante) That exint- nus i, m. (kindr. with anima) The isted or was done before; old, ancient, princzipe of intellectual life, the soul, former (opposed to novus).. vetus, spit, mind (opp. to the body and phys- that has been in exiseace i long time, old. ical life). 2. The rational soul, with all 3. Trop., in comp. and sup. before in its faculties; in partic., the faculty of rank or importance, more (or most) imwilling, will, purpose, intention; the emo- portant, venerable, celebrated, etc. tionalfaculty, the heart, inclination, pas- antrunr' i, n. (aVTpeQi) A cave, cavern. sion,feeling; some one specific emotion, A.rnos i, m. (iopvov, without birds) as courage, pride, hauygtiness. anger, The lake Avernus. rage; the thinking faculty, the minnd; apor7 pri,. (cirpo9) A wild boar. of its separate faculties, memory, judg- pbrio, ~rui, ertum, 4. v. tr. (ab. and ment, consciousnes, &c. obs. root perio, whence the opp. operio) Aniaus ii, m. A king andjriest at Delos To uncover, lay bare, to make visible. who hospitably received Aeneas. show, reveal; transf., to disclose, make Anna, ae, f. The sister of Dido. known, conjurationem. 2. To open, unannalis7 e, adj. (annas) Relating to close, januam; to open a place, render years or age. 2. Most com. as a subs. accessible. in plur., annales, ium, (supply libri) apertus, a, um, Pa. (id.) lUncovered, Annals, chronicles, the events of the year opened; hence, open, free, clear (in vain chronological order, history. rious lit. and trop. senses). an ne, or anneq pleon. for an. apex Icis, m. The extreme end, poin an-Litorg nisus or nixus, 3. v. dep. or summit of a thing. 1. In partic., the intr. To press against, to lean upon. 2. rod at the top of a priest's or )flamen'e Trop., to exert one's self, to strive. cap..2. Transf., the cap of the,flamen an-zo7 1. v. tr, and intr. To swim to; with the rod; in gen., any high cap, heltofloat to, reach; w. ad, dat. or ace. met, or crown. 3. The point, summit of anrlosus a, um, adj. (annus) Aged, a tree, mountain, etc. old, of many years. ipis is, f. The bee. an-nuo ui, 3;. v. tr. and intr. (ad and ApoIlo Ilnis, m. ~(Ar6Xiv) Apollo, son obs. nuo, to nod) To nod to. 2. To' of Jupiter and Latona, twin brother of gsve assent to by a nod, to agree, to prom- Diana, and god of prophecy, music, archise. 3. Tr., to promise, alicui aliquid. ery, poetry and medicine; also with later arnus7 i, m. (cf. ivos, ivos) A year; poet. writers the god of the sun. for a season of the year, hibernus a. ap-pareo, ui, itum, 2. v. intr. To apannuus3 a, um, adj. (id.) Annual,: pear, come i sight; in gen., to be 2visiyearly. ble. 2. Trop., to be evident, apparent-; Antr-ndrosp i, f. ('Avrav8po) A town freq. impers. apparet, it is evident. in Mysia at the foot of Mount -da. ap-pello, pAli, pulsum, 3. v. tr. To ante, prep., w. acc. Before, both in drie, move or bring to; freq. w. navem, space and time. to bring to land, to land, ad ripam or litus. antep adv. Of space, before, in front. apepello, lvi, Itum, 1. v. tr. To ad2. Of time, before, previously, formerly, dres, speak to, accost. 2. Accessory APP 254w ARG idea of entreating, to entreat, implore. lang., to summon before a judge, to ac3. To. demand payment, to dun. 4. To cuse. 2. To derive, draw, fetch, splenacse, complain of. 5. In gen., to dorem, fabulas. name, call, urbem Acestam; to declare, Arcittnens~ entis, adj. (arcus-teneo) proclaim, aliquem victorem. Carrying a bow (poet. epithet of Apolap-'plco; Avi and more freq. ui, Atum lo); also subs., the Archer. or itum,.1. v. tr. To join or attach to; A.rctos; i, f. (apKTOs) The Great and trop., se or animum, to apply or devote Iiittle Bear, -a double constellation at the one's seyf or mind to. 2. Navem, or abs., north pole. 2. Poet., the North. to direct,.bring orfore to land; poet. w. Arctiiruns i, m. (apKTiopos) A large aliquem, to drive, bring, his oris. star in the constellation Bootes. apricus, a, urnm, adj. (aperio) Prop., arcus, l1s, m. A bow; the rainbow; open, uncovered; hence, open to the sun, anything bow-shaped. sunny; poet., sun-loving, flores, mergi. ardens, entis, Pa. (ardeo) Burning (lit. apto avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (aptus) To fit and trop.), glowing, glaring, inflamed; ~on,. to put on, to adapt, insignia nobis. ardent, eager. 2. To ft, to prepare, trabes. ardeo, si, sum, 2. v. intr. To burn, blaze, aptus, a, um, Pa. (fr. obs. verb apo- domus. 2. Trop., to glow, glitter, laena -iirw) Fltted, joined to; poet., w. abl., murice; of passions and emotions, to furnished, studded, or ornamented with. ardently desire, to be eager, abire, (poet.). 2. Fitted, adapted, appropriate, suitable, ardesco, arsi, 3. v. inch. (id.) (Poet. and proper. lat.) To begin to burn, to kindle, to take apid, prep. w. acc. At, by, near, among, fire. 2. Trop., to gleam; of passions,:itA; of persons, with; before a pers. etc., to be inflamed, tuendo. pron. or name of a persc, at the house ardorR Oris, m. (id.) A burning heat, of; with the name of a writer, in the fire. 2. Trop., brightness, brilliancy; writings of, in; coram, in the presence of the feelings or passions, heat, ardor. f. arduus, a, um, adj. Steep, mons; hence, aqu, ae, f. hWater. - poet., high, lofty, aloft, erect, coluber, 5uUgoa, Onis, m. The north wind; poet., equus. 2. Trop., difficult to reach, di.lithe wind in gen 2. Meton., the Vorth. cult, arduous, opus; adverse, res. a-quosus a, um,adj.(aqua) Watery, rainy. firgna ae, f. Sand. 2. Meton., a sandy Ira ae, I. (kindr. w. atpw) Any elevation.placce; the sea-shore, beach; the place of of stone, earth, wood, turf, etc. 1. Esp. contest in the amphitheatre, the arena for sacred uses, an altar (cf. altaria). 2. (lit. and trop.). Trop., (as criminals fled to altars. for firbn6susy a, um, adj. (id.) Sandy. protection, hence) a refuge, shelter, pro- ireop ui -, 2. v. intr. To be dry, tellus, tection. 3. The name of some rocks in rivus; to be dried up, to wither, languish, the sea between Sicily and Africa. herbae. ialritrulm i, n. (aro? — &prpov) A plough. irens7 entis, Pa. (id.) -Dryj arid; trop., arbor, (poet. form arbos), 5ris, f. A tree. thirsty, languishing. 2. Meton., things made of wood, as an Arfthfisa, ae, fi (Apieovra) A celeoar, mast of a ship, etc. bratedfountain near Syracuse into which arb6reus, a, urnm, adj. (id.) Of a tree, the nymph Arethusa was said to have frondes; treedike, branching, cornu. been changed oateeW having been pursued Arcadius, a, urnm, adj. (ApcA&os) Of by.the river-god Alpheus. Arcadia, a province in Peloponuesus, argentum7 i, n. (ip-wypo) Silver. 2. Arcadian. Meton., things made of silver, silver plate, arcnllus, a, um, adj. (kindr. w. arceo) - silver money, and in gen., money. Orig., shut up,. inclosed; hence, secret, Arbgfs, a, au, adi. CApyelov) Of Arhidden, private; subs., arcanun, i, n.,: gs, Arggive; hence, poet., Grecian; a secret,'a mystery. subs., Argivi, armm, m. the Greeks. arceo, ci, —, 2. v. tr. (elpyw) To en- BArg6Hcus, a, ur, adj. CApyoALK6s) Of close, confine, shut ep. 2. To shut Argolis, Argolic; poet., Grecian. away,. keep of, drfte away, debar. hos- Argo., n. (only. nom. and acc.) more tium copias. freq. plural, Argi, Orum, m. ('Apyos) rcssot Ia, Itum.. v. t. (ar = ad and Argos, a city in Peloponnesus, sacred to cieo) To call, summon,fetoh; in judic. Juno; often poet. for Greece in gen. ARG 255 ASS arguo7 ui, fitum, 3. v. tr. To show,prove, artus7 uum, m. pl. (&po) A joint. 2. declare, timor animos degeneres. 2. To More freq. (mostly poet.), the limbs. accuse, impeach, charge with; to blame, artus (better than arctus), a, um, Pa. censure; to prove a thing false, to refute, (arceo) Shut up, pressed together; hence, aliquid. narrow, dose, tight. 5ridus7 a um, adj. (areo) Dry, parched. lrundo% Inis, f. A reed. 2. Things 2. Trop., meagre, lean, scanty, poor. made of reeds, a shepherd's pipe, an angaries7 6tis, m. A ram. 2. A battering- ling rod, an arrow, a pen, etc. ram. 3. A sign of the zodiac. arvum, i, n. (aro) Arabl land, ploughed arma, 0umm, n. pl. Arms, weapons, land, a ploughed or cuativated field, a defensive, as the coat of mail, helmet, field. 2. Poet. for a region,-cozntry, and shield, etc.; and offensive for close com- in the pl., in gen., ield.s, regions; also bat-not tela; often figuratively, armor, as opp. to the water, a shore, coast. defense. 2. Trop., war; also, warriors, arx7 rxcis, f. (arceo) A castle, fortress, troops. 3. Poet. for implements, utensils citadel, a fortified height; trop., a ref(for grinding and baking,); tackle of a uge, defense, protection. 2. As citadels ship, sails, etc. were built on lofty places, hence, by mearmatus7 a, um, Pa. (armo) Armed, ton., a height, summit, pinnacle. equipped; subs., armatns, i, m., an Asclnius7 ii, m. ('Aoiivtov) Son of armed man, soldier. Aeneas, king of Lavinium, and founder armentump i, n. (aro) Plough-cattle; of Alba Longa. collect., aherd, drove. Transf., of horses Asia, ae, f. (CAaia) Asia, one of the the and other large animnals. great divisions of the ancient world. 2. armiger7 6ri, m. (arma-gero) An armor- Asia Minor. 3. The Roman province bearer. of Asia, comprising the western districts armi-p6tens, entis, adj. Powerful in of Asia Minor. arms, warlike, valiant. asper, era, lrum, adj. Rough, uneven, armi-s6nus, a, urn, adj. (arma-sono) to the touch. 2. Transf., to the taste, Resounding with arms. harsh, sour, pungent, strong; of sound; armo7 lvi, atum, 1. v.. tr. (arma) To rough, harsh. 3. Trop., of moral qualiarm, milites; to equip,furnish, navem; ties, rough, harsh, hard, cruel, fierce, also trop., aliquem fiduci.. violent, exasperated; of circumstances, armus, i, m. (&ps4ds) The shoulder, gen., critical, troublesome. of an animal; in more extended sense, aSpFro7 avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) Tl the flank, side. make rough, to roughen, undas. 2. Aro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (apow) To plough, Trop., To make fierce, to excite, arouse. till, cultivate; poet. of a ship, to sail Assairacus i, m. (CAnaipaicos) A Trothrough, traverse. jan prince, son of Tros, and grandfather arrectus, a, urnm, part. of of Anchises. ar-rigo, rexi, rectum, 3 v. tr. (ad-rego) as-sentioI si, sum (more freq. as dep., To raise, to lift up, to erect, aures. 2. asentior), 4. v. intr. To assent, agree, Trop., to.anmnate, encourage, excite. alicui. ar-ripio, Ipui, eptum, 3. v. tr. (ad-rapio) as-servo7 Avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. To keep, To draw, seize or snatch to one's self. 2. preserve carefully. 2. To guard, watch, In gen. to seize, take possession of. arcern. ars, artis, f. (pw) An art, trade, handi- assidue, adv. (assiduus) Continually, craft, profession. 2. Seve]agnowledge. constantly. 3. The theory at the basis of any art or assIduus, a, ur, adj. (ad-sedeo) That science. 4. Art, skill, dexterity in doing remains or ispresent constantly anywhere, anything; hence, poet. for cunning, wile, continual, constant, assiduous. stratagem. 5. Concr. and poet., a work as-similis7 e, adj. Similar, like (mostiy of art. 6. Transf. to morals, manner of poet.). acting, habit, conduct, practice. assubtusp A, um. Pa. (ad-suesco) Acartifex, Icis, m. (ars-facio) - An artist, custonmed to anything. 2.-That to which artificer. 2. A maker, author, contriver one is accustomed, ecutomary, usual. of a thing; in a bad sense, a plotter. II. assultus, fis, m. (ad and salio, to leap). Adj., rillfut, dextrous. A leaping to; hence, an assault, attack. Aa S 256 AUG as-surgo stlrrexi, surrectum, 3. v. intr.' to touch upon in speaking; to undertake, To rise up, to rise. be occupied with, literas Graecas. ast, conj., v. at. at-tollo, no perf. and sup. 3. v. tr. To astrum7n i, n. (ac7pov) A star; some- lift or raise up, to throw up; of buildtimes also a constellation. ings, to rear, build. 2. Trop., to raise, Astydnaxy actis, m. ('Aarvvaa) Son sustain, animos; also to exalt, extol, aqof Hector and Andromache, slain by/ qrandize, facta. Ulysses at the capture of Troy. att6nitusy a, urn, Pa. (attono) ThunH~slumn i, n. (i-rvAov, fr. a and ovxodw) derstruck; always trop., confounded, A place of refuge, an asylum, sanctuary. i amazed, astonished, awestruck. at or asf conj. (,7,ap) But, yet, however, at-t6no7 ui, Itum, 1. v. tr. (poet.) To moreover, now; used (1) to introduce an thunder at; hence, trop., to stun, beopposite thought, (2) to indicate mere wilder. transition of thought, (3) to introduce a attrecto% Avi, Itum, 1. v. tr. (ad-tracto, circumstance, wonderful, unexpected, intens. fr. traho) To touch, handle, esp. etc., (4) to introduce a passionate ap- unlawfully; trop., to appropriate to one's peal, a wish, imprecation, threat, etc. self, gazas. Aterg tra, trum, adj. Black, dark, gloomy Atys; yos, m. ('AnC) A youthful com(lit. and trop.). panion of Ascaniuts and ancestor of the Atii, Orum, m. The Atii, a Roman gens. Gens Atia. Atlas, antis, m. ('ATAas) A high moun. auctor, oris, m. and f. (augeo) An autamn in Mauritania on'whick heaven was thor, creator, inventor, contriver, profabled to rest. 2. A king of fauritania ducer, founder of any thing. 2. By who was also a skillful astronomer. He whose advice or influence any thing is was the father of the Pleiades, Hyades, done, an adviser, counselor, instigator; and Calypso, and was changed by Per- of a law, the proposer, mover. 3. A seus, by means of Medusa's head, into voucher, surety, guarantee, a guardian, mount Atlas. trustee. 4. An example, model. atque or ac, conj. (the latter only be- auctumnus i, m. (augeo) Autumn, fore consonants) (ad-que) And also, and the season o abundance. besides, and indeed, and, to join words audax, Scis, adj. (audeo) Bold, daring, or clauses co-ordinately, and often to give. in a good, but oftener in a bad sense. emphasis to the latter term. 2. In com- audens7 entis, Pa. (id.) Daring, bold, parisons, as, than. See Gr. 198, II. R. (), courageous, in a good sense. and 266, R. 15. audeo, au'sus, 2. v. tr. To dare, to venAtrides, ae, m. CA7peibqs) A descendant ture, facere aliquid, or aliquid only; of Atreus; in pl., Atridae, the Atrides, poet., in proelia, to be bold for. i. e., Agamermn n and Menelaus. audio, Ivi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. To hear. atriums ii, n. A hall, for-court qf a 2. To listen to, to heed. 3. Of judges, Boman dwelling-house, nearest the main to examine. 4. To grant, preces; to entrance. It was the principal apart- approve, assent to. ment, containing the ancestral images, au-fbrop abstili, abl~tum, auferre, v. tr. the portraits and other paintings, and (ab-fero) To bear or carry off or away. the lectus genialis.'Here clients were 2. With violence, to snatch away. 3. received, and here the housewife with To obtain, receive, praemium. her maidens was engaged in spinning; augeo, auxi, auctum, 2. v. tr. (atow) TYo sometimes by meton., for the whole house. increase, to enlarge; trop. by words, to 2. The hall or fore-court of a temple or praise, magnify, exalt. 2. To furnish other public building. abundantly with something, to enrich, atrox, Ocis, adj. (ater) Dark, gloony, load; to bless, advance, aggrandize, aliin a moral sense; hence, terrible, atro- quem. clous, dreadful, horrible; harsh, savage, augury uris, m. and f: A soothsayer, * fere, cruel,fell. who interpreted omens taken from the Itto, attg, attactum, 3 v. tr. (ad- flight and notes of birds, and from vatango) To touch; in a hovtile manner, rions other things, an augur, prophet. to strike, of a place, to reach, arrive at augitrium, ii, n. (id.) The observation of boundaries, to border upon, be oeoutiu- and interpretation of omens, augury, diout to. 2. Trop., to ef.ect, concern, reach; vination. 2. An omen or portent; a pre& AUG 257 AVE sentiment, foreboding. 3. Poet., the art to look at) A bird-seer, one who divines of divination, augury. from the flight, notes, or feeding of birds, Augustu.3 i, m. The surname of Octa- an augur, diviner. 2. Since in all imvius Ceasar after his attainment of su- portant matters the auspices were conpreme authority, and after him of all the suilted, poet., a protector, favorer, leader. Roman emperors. auspicium, ii, n. (id.) Th.e observation aula, ae, f. (iuAri,) The front court of a of the auguries given by birds; (habere Grecian house, court (mostly poet.) 2. auspicium) the right of taking auspices Poet. (= atrium), the inner court of a (belonging to the magistrates in time of house, court, hall. 3. Transf., a royal peace, but to the commander-in-chief court, a palace. only, in time of war); hence = the chief aulaeumi i, n. (caiAaia) In gen., richly command, and poet. in gen. for sway, wrought or embroidered stuff. 1. A cur- power, right, inclination, will, etc. 2. tain, esp. of a theatre. 2. A covering An omenfrom birds, an auspice, sign. for couches, sofas, &c., tapestry, and in auster7 tri, m. The south wind. 2. The gen., in plur., tapestries, coverings, hang- south. ings. ausumn i, n. (ausus) (Poet. and lat.) A Aulis, idis, f. (Aibx,) A seaport town of venture, attempt, enterprise, a daring Boeotia, whence the Grecian fleet set sail deed. for Troy. aususy a, um., part. of audeo. aura7 ae, f. (aSpa) The air in gentle mo- aut, conj. Or. 2. ALt....aut, either.... tion, a gentle current or breath of air, a or. 3. Sometimes poet. for neque. breeze; trop., the breath of popular fa- autem, conj. But, on the contrary, yet, vor, popularfavor or applause. 2. Wind, however. 2. To denote a mere transiin gen. 3. Poet., the air; ad auras, on tion of thought, moreover, besides, now, high, towards heaven, up high, up; also etc. to the upper world, as opp. to the lower; Auti6mdonq ontis, m. (AToEL80WV) ferre sub auras, to bring to light, make Charioteer of Achilles and afterwards known; erigere sub auras, towards the armor-bearer of Pyrrhus. upper air, on high. 4. Poet. for a gleam, auxilium; ii, n. (augeo) Help, aid, lustre; also a sound, tone; also an odor, assistance. 2. In the plur., in milit. exhalation. lang., auxiliary troops, auxiliaries; auritus, a, um, Pa. (aurum) Furnished (rar.) troops in gen. or ornamented with gold, gilded, golden. rvarus7 a, um, adj. (aveo, to crave) aureus; a, um, adj. (id.) Of gold, golden, Avaricious, covetous. cingula. 2. (= auratus) Gilded, gilt. 3. avectus7 a, um, part. (aveho) Carried Poet., of the color of gold, golden, glitter- off; hence, gone off, departed. ing, sidera. 4. Trop., magnificent, beau- aviho, exi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To carry or tiful, splenrdid, etc., Venus, mores. convey away; pass., to ride away, sail auric6im us, a, um, adj. (aurum-coma) away, depart. With golden hair; poet., golden-leafed, a-vello, elli or ulsi, ulsum, 3. v. tr. bo golden-foliaged, fetus arboris. tear off or away; to separate or remove aurigal aae, m. (obs. aurea, a bridle, and forcibly. ago) A charioteer, driver. Avernus, i, m. (;iopro;, without birds) aujis7 is, f. The ear. A lake of Campania, whose deadly exhaALurz5ra, ae, f. (ixpatoe &pa, or aurea lations destroyed the birds that attempted hora?) The dawn, daybreak, mornirig. toflyoverit. PFable therefore placed near 2. Personified, the goddess of the morn- it the entrance to the Lower World. Here ing, daughter of Hyperion and wife of was also the grove of Hecate and the grotTithonus. 3. The East, the Orient. to of the celebrated Cumaean Sibyl. Poet. aurumr i, n. (avpov) Gold. 2. Poet. and for the Lowoer World. meton., various things made of gold, esp. Avernus7 a, um, adj. Of lake Avernus, mnoney. Avernian. Loca Averna, or abs., Averna, AusiSnia7 ae, f. Lower Italy, the coun- orum, n., the environs of lake Ariernus, try of the Ausonians; poet. for Italy. and also poet. for the Lower WTforld. Ausinius, a, um, adj. Ausonian; poet., iiversusp a, um, Pa. (averto) Turned Italian. I away; hence, remote. 2. Trop., averse, auspex7 Icis, m. and f. (avis and specio, alienated, hostile. AVE 258 BID averto7 ti, sum, 3. v. tr. To turn away, barblrus7 a, um, adj. (app~appo) Forto avert, to remove. 2. To carry off, to eign, strange, barbarous (with the Greeks steal, purloin. 3. Intr., avertere = se not Grecian, and with the Romans not avertere, to turn one's self away, to turn Grecian nor Roman). 2. Of the characaway. ter of foreigners, rude, uncultivated; savavldus, a, um, adj. (aveo, to crave) age, cruel, barbarous. Longing eagerly for something, eager, Barcaei 0rum,m. Theinhabitantsof desirous; of money, avaricious, cov- Barce in Libya. etous; of food, voracious, greedy. Barce, es, f. The nurse of Sychaeus. iviS7 is, f. A bird. 2. As omens were bedtus, a, um, Pa. (beo, to make happy) taken principally from birds, = an omen, Happy, blessed. 2. Rich, wealthy. 3. portent. Poet., of things, splendid, magnificent, ivius, a, um, adj. (a-via) Out of the path rich, gazae, sedes. or way, remote from the way; hence, B3bryciusp a, um, adj. Of Bebrycia, a unfrequented. Subs., avium, ii, n., a by- province in Asia Minor, Bebrycian. way, an unfrequented place, out-of-the- B3l1ides, ae, m. (B-Aqki8s) A descendant way place. of Belus. ivuncfilusp i, m. (dlm. of avus) A bell1trix, Icis, f. (bello) Afemale warmother's brother, maternal uncle —cf. rior; also an adj., warlike, martial. patruus. bello aSvi, atum, 1. v. intr. (bellum) To gvusp i, m. A grandfather, grandsire. wage war, to war. 2. Poet., an ancestor, in gen. belluap ae, f. A beast, monster, large or axisp is, m. (a!0ov) An axletree of a wa- ferocious, as an elephant, lion, wild boar, gon; and by meton., a wagon, chariot. whale, etc.; sometimes in gen., an ani2. The axis of the earth; hence, poet., mal. the pole, esp. the north pole; also, the bellum, i, n. (fr. obs. duellum; hence, heavens, in gen.; also, a region of the prop., a fight between two) War. 2. heavens, a. boreus. Poet. (= proelium), a combat, conflict. Belusp i, m. (BWXog) King of Tyre and Sidon andfather of Dido. 2. A distant B3. ancestor of Dido and founder of the line of Tyrian kings. baccal ae, f. A berry, any small fruit ben6p adv.'comp. melius, sup. optime. of trees. 2. Poet., Any thing berry- (bonus) With verbs, well, rightly. 2. shaped, as apearl. With adjectives and adverbs, very, ex. baccatusp a, um, adj. (id.) Poet., stud- tremely. ded with pearls, monile. benignusp a, um, adj. (contr. fr. bebacchor, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (Bacchus) nigenus, fr. bonus-genus) Of a good Poet. and lat., to celebrate the festival kind or nature, beneficent; kind, benevoof Bacchus. 2. Transf., to revel, rage, lent, friendly, mens; poet., of things, rave, like the Bacchae, or companions of plentiful, abundant, fruitfl, rich. Bacchus, when celebrating the festival. B13ricyntius, a, um, adj. Pertaining Bacchusp i, m. (B&Kxoe) The god of to Berecyntus, a mountain in Phrygia, wine, called also Liber, the Deliverer, sacred to Cybele, Berecyntian. and Lyaeus, the Care-dispeller, the son B36roep es, f. (Bepo6) The wife of Doryof Jupiter and Semele, a Theban wo- clus of Epirus. man. 2. Meton., (poet.) for the vine; brbo, bibi, -, 3. v. tr. To drink, drink and more freq. wine. of; of things, to drink in, imbibe, fubalteus, i, m. A girdle, belt. 2. That mum, colorem. which surrounds like a girdle, an edge, blbiilus, a, um, adj. (id.) (Poet. and lat.) border, rim, circle. Drinking readily or freely. 2. More bgarthrump i, n. (alpaOpow) An abyss, freq. of things, absorbing moisture readgulf, pit (mostly poet.). ily, bibulous. barba, ae, f. The beard of men and bl-c6lorp Oris, adj. (Poet. and lat.) Twoanimals. colored; dappled. barbAricus, a, um, adj. (ap3PP-LKo) br-dens, entis, adj. (Poet. and lat.) Hav(Poet. and lat.) Of a foreigner or barba- ing two teeth, two-toothed; two-pronged. rian, foreign, barbaric. i2. Subs. m., a hoe with two crooked BIF 259 CAE teeth. 3. Subs. f., an animal having two shallow; hence, subs., brevia, ium, n. rows of teeth complete, and hence fit for pl., shallows. shoals. sacrifice, an animal (or sacrifice, esp. a brevfter7 adv. (id.) Briefly (usually of sheep. brevity in expression). bi-formis, e, adj. (bis-forma) Two- 3Brilreus7 (trisyl.), ei, m. (BpLapevs) A formed, double-shaped. hundred-armed giant. bigae7 arum, f. pl. (contr. fr. bijugae, fr. brfima, ae, f. (contr. fr. brevima, breuma, bis-jugum) A pair of horses (rarely of =brevissima, fr. brevis) The shortest day other animals) harnessed to one car- of the year, the winter solstice. 2. In a riage. gen. sense and mostly poet., the winter. bijfigus, a, um, adj. (bis-jugum) Yoked briimilis e, adj. (id.) Of the winter two together, two-yoked, leones. 2. With solstice. I. Of winter, wintery. two horses, two-horse, currus, certamen; Briitus, i, m. Lucius Junius Brutus, subs., bijugi, orum, m., a pair of horses. the chief deliverer of Rome from the govbilinguis, e, adj. (bis-lingua) Double- ernment of the kings. tongued. 2. Trop. and poet., deceitful, bibo, Onis, m. (f. only once, Virgil IV-. treacherous. 462) An owl. bini, ae, a, distrib. adj. (bis) Two by jBites7 ae, m. (BovT-s5) A descendant of two; in gen., two. Amycus, king of Bebrycia, slain by Dares bI-pltens, entis, adj. (bis-pateo) Open at the tomb of Hector. both ways (of double or folding doors). Blfithrotum i, n. (BovOpoTr6v) A seabipennis, e, adj. (bis-penna) Two- port town of Epirus, opposite Corcyra. winged. 2. Transf., two-edged; hence, Byrsa, ae, f. (Bv'paa) The citadel of subs. (mostly poet.), bipennis, is, f. (sc. Carthage. securis) a two-edged axe, a battle axe. b:r5mis, e, adj. (bis-remus) Two-oared. C. 2. Subs., biremis, is, f. (sc. navis) a galley with two rows of oars, a bi- caciimen7 inis, n. (acumen, a point, w. reme. the prefix c; fr. acuo, to sharpen) The bis7 num. adv. (fr. duis, fr. duo, as bel- extreme end, the point, the summit, top, lum fr. duellum) Twice; poet., with peak of any thing. numerals, his seni, quinque, etc. cgdo7 cecldi, casum, 8. v. intr. To fall, Bitias, ae, m. A Tyrian or Carthagi- sink down, subside; of stars, to set. 2. nian nobleman. Trop., to fall into, to come, happen; to blandus, a, um, adj. Caressing, fiat- fall upon, to hit, coincide with/; to fit, tering, persuasive, smooth-tongued. 2. agree with, become; tofall or happen to Of things, enticing, charming, agreeable, one, to befall; to decrease, diminish, pleasant, soft, quiet. subside; to lose strength, to perish. B6la, ae, f. A town of the Aequi in cAdiicus, a, um, adj. (id.) Ftallen, Latium. frondes; c. bello, fallen, slain. 2. ilb6nus, a, um, adj. (comp. melior, sup. clined to fall. 3. Trop., frail, perishoptimus) Good (of very wide applica- able, vain. tion to all kinds of excellence); propi- cAdus7 i, m. (cKaoc) A large earthen jar. tious. gen. for liquids, esp. for wine, ajar, jugl SB6reas, ae, m. (Bopiag) The north wind. flagon; poet. for urna, an urn. 2. Poet. and meton., the irorth. I caecus7 a, um, adj. Blind, blinded (it. b6s7 bWvis, m. and f. (Govi) An ox, a bul- and trop.). 2. Pass., that cannot be lock; a cow. seen, concealed, secret, hidden. 3. That brAchiumr ii, n. (I3paXwov) The- lower in which one can see nothing, or (trop.) arm, forearm. 2. In gen., the arm, as can understand nothing, dark, obscure, a whole. 3. Of things similar in shape uncertain, caligo, eventus. to arms, a sail-yard, a branch of a tree, caedes, is, f. (caedo). (Rar. and lat.) A etc. cutting off, ligni. 2. A cutting dowl, bractea7 ae, f. (Poet. and lat.) A thin slaughter, murder. 3. Meton., the blood plate of metal; esp. gold leaf. shed by murder; also, the persons slain, brivis, e, adj. (lpaXv6;) Short (of wide the slain. application to space, time, and tl;ine); caedo, ccidi, caesum, 3. v. tr. (kind. narrow, scanty, small; poet., in depth, w. cado) To cst, fell, cut down, cut CAE 260 CAP off, ct! to pieces. 2. To slay. 3. In gen., calx, calcis, f. (xia) The heel. to strike, beat, cudgel. CAsmarina ae, f. (Kaliapiva) A city on caelo7 avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (caelum, a tile southern coast of Sicily. chisel or graver) To carve is relief, to Camillus. i, m. A surname in the gens engrave, emboss. Furia; esp. Hl. Furius Camillus, who Caeneus (dissyl.), ei, m. (KatLvev) A girl conquered Veii andfreed Romne from the namned Caenis, changed by Neptune to Gauls. Caeneus, a boy. caminus7 i, m. (KfLktVOS) A furnace; a caerfilay Orum, -n. (caerulus) The blue smelting-furnace, a forge; a warmingsurface of the sea, the sea, the azure deep. furnace, afire-place; poet., the forge of caeriileus'(and poet. caerulus), a, um, Vulcan and the Cyclopes under Aetna. adj. Dark blue, cerulean, azure. 2. Poet., campus, i, m. An even plain, a level, Dark, gloomy, black, imber. open field. 2. In partic., the Campus Caesar, Aris, m. A surname in the gens Alartius at Rome. 3. Trop., a field for Julia; the most celebrated of zhom was any action. Caius Julius Caesar, the renowned gene- candeop ui, -, 2. v. intr. (mostly poet.) red, statesman, and author, who over- To be white, to shine, to glitter. 2. To threw the Roman Republic, was elected glow with heat. dictator for life (45 B. C.), but assassin- candidusp a, um, adj. (id.) Of a dazzling ated the next year. His sister's son, C. white, white. 2. Poet., fair, beautiful,.Julils Caesar Octavianus, was the first 3. Trop., pure, clear, spotless, sincere, emperor (from 31 B. C. to 14 A. D.) After etc. him all the emperors bore the cognomen candor7 oris, m. (id.) A dazzling whiteCaesar, besides the title of Augustus, un- ness, brilliancy. 2. Trop,, of discourse, til. Iadrian introduced the distinction by brilliancy, splendor; also, simplicity; which the reigning emperor was called of character, purity, uprightness, candor. Augustus, and the heir to the throne caneos ui, -, 2. v. n. (canus) To be Caesar. white, gray, or hoary. cae3aries, ei, f. A luxuriant and beauti- canis7 is, c. A dog. 2. A sea-dog. fisl head of hair. canistra 0orum, n. (KcaVCrTpa) A basket Caicu3, i, m. (KCIZtKoo) A river of Mysia. woven from reeds. 2. A companion of Aeneas. cAnitiesp ei, f. (canus) A gray color, Caieta, ae, f. The nurse qf Aeneas. hoariness. 2. Poet., Gray hailt; also, 2. A town and harbor of Latium, now old age. GCita. cano, cdcini, cantum, 3. v. intr. and tr. calcar; aris, n. (calx) A spur. 2. Trop., To sing; also, to sound, play. 2. Tr., a spur, stimulus, incitement. with homogreneous objects, carmen, verCalchasy antis, m. (K'Xxa5) The chief sus, etc., to sing, play. 3. To sing of, prophet and priest of the Greeks before to relate in song or verse. Dianam, arma. Troy. 4. Since oracles were delivered in verse, cleo, ui,, 2. v. intr. To be warm or toforetell, reveal, explain, declare. 5. In hot, to glotw.'2. Trop., of the mind, etc., milit. lang., to sound or give a oigsnal. to glow, to be inflamed. canorusq a, um, adj. (id.) Melodious, calituJ, a, um, adj, (id.) Warm, hot. 2. harmonious. Trop., fiery, passionate. cantus7 ais, m. (id.) Singing, music, Callgo, lnis, f. A fog, mist, vapor. 2. song; a song, poem. 2. Poet., an inDarkisess, obscurity, produced by a fog, cantation; also, a prophecy. and also trop. canus7 a, um, adj. Gray, grayish, hoary. caligo, -, -, 1. v. intr. (id.) To emit caDessio sivi, situm, 3. v. tr. (intens. vapor. 2. To be sPurrounded wzith vapor, of capio) To seize, lay hold of eagerly to be veiled in, darkness, to be dark. or earnestly. 2. Of a place, to strire/for, callis, is, m. A narrow, uneven footpath, endeavor to reach, hasten to. 3. Trop., a mountair-path (esp. made by cattle), a of a course of action, to lay hold of, take path, track. charge oJf to engage in, to execute. calor, Oris, m. (caleo) Warmth, heat; in cs oioj cepi, captum, 3. v. tr, To take, partic., vital heat. 2. Trop., the heat of lay hold of, seize, take possesion of. 2. passion, fire, zeal, impetuosity; the fire Access. idea of force, to capttre. seize, to of love. occupy. 3. Access. idea of design, to CAP 261 cAS choose, select. 3. Trop., of the will, etc., carmna, ae, f. The keel of a vessel. 2. in a good and bad sense, to gain, win, Meton. and poet. (pars pro toto), a ship, captivate; to ensnare, deceive. 4. To vessel. take into the mind, to cornprehend. 5. carmen% Inis, n. (old form casmen, fr. Of localities, to reach, arrive at. 6. Of cano) A tune, song, strain. 2. A poem, a course of action, to undertake, enter poetry, any poetic composition; a verse, upon. 7. To receive, obtain, get, nomen. a poetic inscription; a book, canto of a Cpaait1ium, ii, n. (caput) The Capitol; long poem. 3. A prophecy, predicti ion, i. e., the temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on response of an oracle. 4. An incazntathe summit of mons Capitolinus. 2. In tion, a charm. a more extended sense, the whole hill Carpathius, a, urnm, adj. (KapraOtLos) Of including the temple and citadel. Carpathus, an island in the Aegean seal capra, ae, f. (caper) A she-goat. north east of Crete, Carpathian. caprgeinus, a, um, adj. (caper-gigno) carpo, psi, ptum, 3. v. tr. (KcipS.) To Poet., of the goat kind, pecus. pick, pluck, pluck off, gather; to pluck captivus, a, urnm, adj. (capio) Captive, as food; hence, trop., to feed on, eat, encaptured; poet., pertaining to a captive. joy; in a bad sense, to cwaste, consume; 2. Of things, captured, plundered. with words, to carp at, slander, calurmnicapto, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. intens. (capio) ate. 2. Viarn, iter, etc., to ptursue, hasTo strive to seize, lay hold of eagerly or ten on. earnestly, to catch at. 2. Trop., to strive Carthago, fnis, f. The city of Carthage, or seek earnestly after a thing; w. ser- in Northern Africa, for a long time the monem, to listen to. 3. To seek to catch rival of Rome, founded, accordin-g to some one in a crafty manner, to allure, legend, by Dido, about 888 B. C., and entrap. destroyed by Scipio Africanus, 146 B. C. captus7 a, um, part. of capio. c~rus~ a, um, adj. Dear, costly, of a high, capiilus, i, m. (capio) A coffin. 2. The price. 2'. Trop., dear, precious, beloved; handle of anything, esp., the hilt of a in subjective sense, fond, loving (cf. Gr. sword. (.Aos). caput, Itis, n. (kindr. w. KeaAr1) The Caspius, a, um, adj. Of the Caspian head; of things, the head, summit, point. Sea (Caspium mare, TOb KIartov 7rhAayos), 2. Meton. (pars pro toto), the man, per- Caspian. son. 3. Trop., life, physical life; of per- Cassandra7 ae, f. (Kacradvipa) A sons, the chief person, leader; of things, daughter of Priam, inspired with prothe chief matter, main point; of places, phetic powers by Apollo, but not bethe chief place, capital. lieved by the Trojans. Cipys, yos, m. (Kairvs) Son of Assara- cassus7 a, um, adj. (kindr. w. cavus) cus, and father of Anchises. 2. A com- Hollow, empty, void. 2. With a genipanion of Aeneas. 3. The eighth king *tive or abl., wanting, deprived of. 3. of Alba. Trop., vain, empty, useless. Adv., in carblsus, i, f. (apiranoa) Fine Spanish cassum, or in one word, incassum, in flax. 2. Meton., things made of it, vain, uselessly, to no purposze. linen; a garment, a sail. castellum, i, n. (dim of castrnm) A carcer, 6ris, m. (kindr. w. arx, arceo) castle, fortress, stronghold. 2. Trop., a A prison. 2. A barrier, starting-place defense, refuge. of a race-course (usually in pl.). castigos, vi, atum, 1. v. tr. (castum-aoo, carchesiumn ii, n. (KapXaltov) A drink- -cf. purgo) To set right, to correct; by ing vessel with handles and contracted in words, to reprove, chide, reproach, by the middle. an act, to punish, chastise. 9. Poet. and cardo, inis, m. A hinge of a door. 2. lat., to correct an error. 3. To restrain, The point about which something turns, hold in check, equum, dolorem. a pole. 3. Trop. and poet., that on which cas+ra, Orum, n. pl. (castrum) A camp, a matter turns, the chief point; a turn- military encampment. ing-point in affairs, a crisis., rerum. castrum- i, n. A castle, tfortress, fortiscreo, ui, itum, 2. v. intr. To be without, fied place (more rare than castellum). to want, to be free from, to be deprived Plur., see above. of; to be without from free-will, to ab- ICa-tl'nn Xnui. A place on the coast stain from, keep aloof from; w. abl. of Latium near Ardea. CAS 262 CER castusp a, urn, adj. Morally pure,. spot- I away, depart, withdraw, e loco. 2. less, vita. 2. In partic., chaste, pure, I Trop., w. alicui or abs., to go out of continent. 3. In respect to religion, I one's way, as it were, hence, to give pious, holy; of things, holy, sacred, place to, yield to, submit to. 3. To come nemus. to, fall to, as a possession, alicui. 4. casusr us, m. (cado) A falling, a fall, Tr., to permit, yield, allow something to an overthrow. 2. Trop., that which some one, alicui aliquid. happens unexpectedly, an event, occur- celbbro, avi,'tum, 1. v. tr. (celeber, fr. rence, conjuncture, crisis, chance, for- creber) To visit in great numbers or tune, fate; abl. casu freq. as adv., by often, to frequent, forum. 2. To go in chance. 3. An adverse event, misfor- great numbers to a festival; hence, in tune, mischance, calamity, loss. 4. In gen., to celebrate, solemnize, festos dies. grammar, a case. 3. To celebrate the praises of, to praise, cAtEnap ae, f. A chain, fetter. honor, aliquem. 4. To do a thing frecAterva; ae, f. A crowd, troop, multi- quently or in multitudes, to practice, en*tude. gage in, repeat, to emnploy, genus divinaCAt~o, Onis, m. The surname of several tionis; to discuss, talk of often, seria et distinguished Romans, the best known jocos. of whom are Cato the Censor, and his c~lerp eris, e, adj. Swift, quick, hasty, great-grandson, Cato the younger, the fleet; sometimes, rash, hasty, precipienemy of Caesar. tate. cAtfilusp i, m. (canis) A young dog, a c6lbro; qvi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (id.) whelp. 2. Transf., the young of other To quicken, hasten, fugam. 2. Intr., to animals. make haste, hasten. Caucasus$ i, m. (KadKacroo) A chain of cella, ae, f. A store-room, a granary, a mountains in Asia between the Black cellar; a room for animals; a coop for and Caspian seas, the Caucasus. geese; a dovecote; a cell of a honeycauda, ae, f. The tail of animals. comb; an apartment for slaves, etc. Caulon, onis, m. Another form for i c~lo0 avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To conceal; Caulonia, a city of the Bruttii, in South- w. two accusatives, to conceal something ern Italy. from one; w. one acc., to conceal, hide a causa, ae, f. A cause, reason, occasion, thing or person. pretext; abl. causa, on account qof, for celsus, a, um, Pa. (fr. unusual cello; lit. the sake of. 2. A matter, subject; in driven upward) Iligh, lofty. 2. Trop., judicial lang., a law-suit, a case in law; in a good sense, high-minded, noble; in a cause that one defends, a party, in- a bad sense, haughty, proud; also, noterest; a commission, business; a condi- ble, elevated in rank. tion, situation. Centaurus i, m. (K&vravpos) A cencautes, is, f. A rough, pointed rock, a i taur, a fabled monster, half man and crag. half horse. 2. F., the name of a ship. cavea; ae, f. (cavus) A hollow place, centumrn indec. num. adj. A hundred; cavity. 2. An inclosure for animals, a poet. for an indefinite large number. stall, a cage, a beehive, etc. 3. The part centum-g6minus, a, um, adj. poet. of a theatre where the spectators sat. A hundred-fold, epithet of the hundred4. A theatre in gen., by meton. armed Briareus and of hundred-gated cavernag ae, f. (id.) A hollow, a cavity, Thebes. cavern, cave. CMraunia, 5rum, n. pl. (KepacVLOa ipr) A cAvo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To make ridge of mountains in Epirus, along the hollow, hollow out. coast. c~vus, a, um, adj. Hollow. Cerberus7 i, m. (KIppepoS) Cerberus, the Cecr6opdes, ae, m. (KeKpo'driS-q) A male three-headed dog of Pluto, that guarded descendant of Cecrops; plur., Cecropi- the entrance to the infernal regions. dae, arum, m., the Athenians as de- Cer6ilisj e, adj. (Ceres) Of Cercs, Cescendants of Cecrops. realian, dona; arma, i. e., utensils for c~do, cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. and tr. making bread. To go (poet. and rar.). 2. Trop., to c~rebrum7 i, n. The brain. 2. Meton. succeed, turn out, result, happen, bene or and poet., understanding; also, anger. male. II. To go from somewhere, to go C(resp 6ris, f. The daughter of Saturn CER 263 CIR and Ops, sister of Jupiter, mother of Ch-inia7 ae, f. (Xaovia) A region of Proserpine, the goddess of Agriculture. Epirus. 2. Meton. and poet. for food, bread, Ch a6niusP a, um, adj. (id.) Chaonian2. fruit, grain, etc. Chaos, (only in nom. and acc. sing.) cernop crevi, cretum, 3. v. tr. (kindr. w. n. (xaos) Immeasurable void-space. 2. KplVw) To separate, sift (rare). 2. Trop., The boundless, empty space of the Lower to separate, distinguish by the eyes, to World. 3. The formless, primitive mass discern, perceive, see, urbem. 3. With out of which the universe was made. the mind, to perceive, understand. 4. 4. Sometimes personified as a deity and To decide, determine, certamen (some- the father of Night and Erebus. times by combat). Charon, ontis, m. (Xapwv) The ferrycertamen, inis, n. (certo) A contest, man in the Lower World, who carried strife, contention: in war, an engage- the shades of the dead across the river ment, fight, contest. Acheron. certatimn adv. (id.) Emulously, ea- Charybdis, is, f. (xapvl&ts) A dangergerly. ous whirlpool between Sicily and Italy. certe7 adv. (certus) Certainly, assured- Chimaera, ae, f. (XiLatpa) ifabulous ly, truly. monster having the head of a lion, the certo; avi, atum, 1. v. intr. (cerno) To body of a goat, and the tail of a serpent, decide by a contest, hence, to contest, and vomiting forth fire. 2. The name contend, strive, struggle, vie with (poet. of a ship in the fleet of Aeneas. w. inf.). chlamys, ydis, f. (X;ajis) A broad certus7 a, um, adj. (orig. part. fr. cerno) woolen upper garment worn by the Determined, resolved, in the combination Greeks, a cloak-, mantle. certum est (mihi,tibi,etc.), and (poet. and ch6Srga ae, f. (Xopeia) (Poet.) A dance lat.) transf. to persons,with a gen.or infin. in a circle, a dance. 2. Settled,fixed, certain, sure. 3. Reliable, ch6rus, i, m. (xopis) A dance in a cirfaithful. 4. Of the person made certain cle, a choral dance, a dance. 2. A band, of a thing, certum or certiorem facere train of singers and dancers, a chorus, a aliquem, to inform, apprise of a thing. choir. 3. In gen., a band, troop, multicerva7 ae, f. (cervus) A hind. 2. Poet. tude. for a deer in gen. ci6o% clvi, cltum, 2. v. tr. (K*@, Kwviw) To cervix7 Icis, f. The neck. make go, to move, put in motion; to excervus7 i, m. A stag, a deer. cite,'arouse, stir up, shake. 2. To put cespes7 Itis, m. (caespes, caedo) Cut any thing in progress, to begin, to occaturf, sod. sion, to effect, produce. 3. To move by cesso, avi, atum, 1. v. intr. (intens. of calling to, to call upon, to invoke. cedo) To stand back persistently, hence, cngo nxi, ntum, 3. v. tr. To surround, to delay, loiter; and in gen., to stop, cease. encircle, gird the body, head, etc. 2. Of 2. To be idle, inactive; of things, to be places, to surround, invest. unemployed, to be at rest, pedes. cingiilum i, n. (id.) A girdle, belt. cestus or caestus7 fis, m. (caedo) A cinis; eris, m. (kindr. w. KiVtS) Ashes. leather strap with balls of lead or iron circa7 adv. and prep. (later form, access. fastened in, for winding around the hands to circum) Around, about, near; prep. of a boxer, to enable him to strike harder w. acc. blows, a gauntlet, cestus. Circe, es, f. (KgpKo) Daughter of the Sun, cete, plur. n. (Greek plural of cetus or a famous sorceress inhabiting an island cetos, KiTOS) Whales, or any large sea- on the western coast of Italy. animals. circuitus fis, m. (circum-eo) A going cetbrus, a, urnm, adj. (ielepoa) The other, around, a revolution, circuit. 2. A cirthe remainder, the rest of. 2. In plur., cumference, a circuit. the rest, the others. 3. Adv., ceterum circiilus, i, m. (circus) A circle. a. and cetera, as for the rest, otherwise. Meton., any circular body, a ring, hoop, ceu, adv. (ce-ve) As, just as. 2. (=quasi) chain; a social circle, company. As if. circum7 adv. and prep. w. acc. (circus) Chalcidicus, a, um, adj. Of Chalcis, Around, about. the chief town of Euboea, Chalcidian. circum-do, dedi, datum, dare, v. tr. Chaon7 unis, m. A brother of Helenus. To put orplace one thing around another CIR 264 CLA (aliquid alicui rei). 2. To surround, en- clto, comp. citius, sup. citissime, adv. circle a person or thing with something, (citus) Quickly, speedily, soon. to sutrround, enclose (aliquem or aliquid citus, a, um, Pa. (cieo) Put in motion; aliqua re). hence, quick, swift. 2. Often in the circum — 6ro7 tfili, latum, ferre, v. tr. poets for the adv. cito. bTo bear or carry around. 2. Trop., to civilis, e, adj. (civis) Pertaining to citispread aroZund; in relig. land., to paurfy zens, civil, civic. by carrying consecrated objects around civis, is, c. A citizen. 2. With meus, one, socios (poet.). tnus, etc., a fellow citizen. ci:czum-3l- oto7 xi, xum, 3. v. tr. (Poet. clades% is, f. (kindr. w. K;Aw) Injury, and rar.) To bend about, longos cursus. damage, disaster, calamity; in partic., circum-fundo, fidi, fusum, 3. v. tr. in war, slaughter, havoc, defeat. Poet. To poar one thing around another (ali- by meton., of a person who causes dequid alicui rei). 2. To surround one struction, a scourge, destroyer. tiei__ wil/lt another (aliquem or aliquid clam, adv. (celo) Secretly. 2. Prep. w. ailiqaa re), to surround, encompass; often abl. and acc. Without the knowledge of in the pass. w. middle signification. (me, te, illo, etc.). circuni Uiisus a, um, part. (id.) Poured clamog avi, lttum, 1. v. intr. and tr. aroundl; hence, gathered around, throng- (kindr. w. KaAeo) To call, cry out, shout. ing about, surrounding. 2. Tr., to call to, call upon, invoke; to circum-plector, plexus, 3. v. dep. tr. declare, proclaim. (plecto, to plait, interweave) To enr- cldmorr oins. m. (id.) A loud call, shout, brace, to surround, pharetram auro. cry, shriek, outcry, clamnor; a frieandly circumspiciop exi, ectum, 3. v. intr. cry, applause, acclasmation. 2. Poet., of and tr. (specio, to look at) To look inanimate things, noise, sound, roar. aboat.?. Tr., to view on all sides, sear1- clangory Oris, m. (clango, onomatop.) vey, agmina; sometimes, to descry, catch lNoise, dan, clangor. sight of in looking around. 3. Trop., to cliresco, ui, -, 3. v. intr. (inch. of:view on all sides (mentally), to weigh, clareo, to be clear, fr. clarus) To become consider. or grow clear or bright. 2. Trop., to becircum-sto, st~ti, -, 1. v. tr. and intr. come clear to the ear, to be heard plainzly; To stand around, to surround, encorsz- to becormze clear intellectually, to become pass; trop., horror me. evident; of reputation, to become facircum-textus, a, um, part. (texo) mous. (Poet.) Woven around. Clarius, a, unm, adj. Of Claros, a town circum-v6niio veni, ventum, 4. v. tr. in Ionia, celebrated for a temple and To come around, to encircle, surround. oracle of Apollo, Clarian, an epithet of 2. In a hostile manner, to encolmpass, is- Apollo. vest. 3. Trop., to beset, assail, oppress, clirus9 a, unm, adj. Relating to sight, afflict, distress; also, to deceive, circum- clear, bright. 2. Trop., to the ear, disvent. tict, loud; intellectually, clear, intelcircumrV6Io fivi, atum, 1. v. tr. To ligible; distinguished, illustrious, refly around, to 1sover around. lowwned. circum-volvo, -, v0latum, 3. v. tr. classis, is, f. (tICACs = KXAasC) A class, a To roll around, to revolve. division of the Roman people as discirrCus i, m. (KipKog) A circle (rare, more tributed by Tullins. 2. In milit. lang., freq. circulus) 2. A circus; esp., the an army. 3. A fleet with the forces in Circts Mlaximus at Rome. 3. Transf., it (the com. signif.); ships, in sing. and any race-course. plur. Ciaseus, ei, m. (Kenels) A king of claudo si, sum, 3. v. tr. (kindr. w. Ka;ow, Thrace and father of Hecuba, wife of KXens, clavis) To shurt, c'oce, shut up. Priam. 2. To close, close up, end, opus. 3. To Cithaeron, Onis, m. (KiOatpJvl) A snoun-, enclose, encompass, surround. tam in Boeotia on which the rites of claulus~ a, urn, adj. Lame, halting, Bacchus w-ere celebrated. maimed. 2. Trop., defective, uncertain, cithAra, ae, f. (steapa) A stringed mu- carmina. sical instrument, a guitar or lute, cith- cla-ustra Orum, n. (claudo) Flvtei yegs. ara. bolts, bars, barriers. 2. More extended, CLA 265 COL a door, gate, urbis; in milit. lang., a a meeting. 2. A combination, union. barricade, bulwark, defence. 3. Concr., a band, troop, crowd, cormclaususq a, um, part. of claudo. pany. cljavus9 i, m. A nail, a spike. 2. Meton., Coeus, i, m. (Kcoos) One of the Titans. any nail-shaped thing, a rudder-handle; father of Latona. hence (pars pro toto), a rudder, helm; cogndtusq a, um, adj. (co-nascor) Mea purple stripe on the tunic. lated by blood, connate, kinlred; subs., clien.s, entis, c. (for cluens, fr. cluo, a blood-relation, kinsman. 2. Trop., KAuw, to hear) A client, at Rome, a per- kindred, related, like, similar, verba ieson who was in the relation of a depen- bus. dent upon a rich and powerful citizen, cognoimen, Inis, n. (con-nomen) A surfrcon whom he expected protection. name, family name (as Cicero, Scipio, clipnus, i, m. A round, brazen shield etc.); also, an epithet (as Africanus, used by Roman soldiers. Asiaticus, etc.). 2. Poet. for nomen, a Cloantlhus, i, m. A companion of name, in gen. Aeneas. cogn6mlnis, e, adj. (id.) Of the samen Qluentius, i, m. The name of a Ro- name, like-named. man. cog-nosco5 nOvi, nitum, 3. v. tr. To aCcytus, i, m. (KwKvT63) A river in the become acquainted with, to learn, ascerLower WIorld. tain, investigate, examine (on all sides, coelestis, e, adj. (coelum) Pertaining as it were, and hence completely, with to or coming from heaven, heavenly, the senses or mind). 2. In the perf., to. celestial; subs., in plur., Coelestes, ium, have learned, hence, to konowl. 3. Of m., the:,ods. 2. Trop., divine, godlike, what is already known, to recognize. excellent, ingenium. cogo, coelgi, coactum, 3. v. tr. (co-ago) coelc1?37a ae, c. (coelum-colo) A dweller To drive or bring toclither, to collect, to in heaven, a deity. gather, to assemble. 2. Of liquids, to coelilar, Ora, erum, adj. (coelum-fero) thicken, condense. 3. In milit. lang., (Poet.) Stpporting the heavens, an epi- to keep together a train, i. e., to bring up thet of Atlas and of lIercules. the rear, agmen. 4. Trop., toforlce, comcoelumP i, n. (kindr. w, KotAou, hollow) pel, w. infin., ut, ad, or acc. Heaven, the heavens, the sky. 2. The co-hibeog ui, itum, 2. v. tr. (habeo) To air, atmosphere, temperature, weather. hold together. 2. To hold, contain. 3. 3. A region of heaven, climate, zone, re- To restrain, confine, Scyllam. 4. Trop., gion. 4. The Upper World as opposed to hold in check, to restrain, to subdue, to the Lower. iras. coenum, i, n. Dirt, mire, filth. c6hors, tis, f. (kindr. w. X6prog) An co-eoa ivi or ii, iteum, ire, v. intr. and enclosure, a court, esp. for cattle. 2. tr. To go or come together, to assemble, Meton., the inclosed multitude; Hcence, collect. 2. To comze together or be united in milit. lang., a division of an army, a into a whole, to unite; sanguis, lac, etc., cohort, the tenth part of a legion. 3. to thickens, culrdle. 3. Trop., to unite in Poet., in gen., a crowd, throng, multifeeling, will, etc., to agree. 4.: Tr., to en- tude. ter into, to conclude an alliance or treaty, col-labor, lapsus, 3. v. dep. intr. To societatem. fall or sink together, esp. of buildings. coepi, isse, coeptus, v. defect. tr. and 2. Of persons, to fall in a swoon or in intr. (contr. fi. co and apio, airT0J, to death. seize) To begin, conmence, undertake, Collitinus a, urn, adj. Of Collatia, a facere aliquid. 2. ILtci., to begin, com- town of the Sabines near Rome, Collamezce, ariee, puna. tine. coeptwu=, i, n. (id.) A work begun, a col-igo, eOgi, ectum, 3. v. tr. (con-lego) begizulning, undertaking, enterprise, de- To gather, bring together, collect, assemsign. ble, naves. 2. With idea of abridging, co-erceo, cui, citum, 2. v. tr. (arceo) shortening, to contract, compriess, conTo enclose, surround, confine. 2. Trop., centrate, collect; of sails, to reef. 3. to confize, restrain. 3. To check, correct, Trop., to collect, get, acquire, famam, punish, delicta. vires; w. se, animum, etc., to collect or coetus7 ils, m. (coeo) A coming together, comspose one's self, recover one's senses; COL 266 COM to place together in the mind, to weigh, contest (proelium, bellum, certamen, consider, think upon; to infer, conclude. etc.); also, in gen., to maintain a concollis, is, m. A hill, an eminence, high test, fight a battle; also, to hold or celeground. brate games. 4. To comnmit, perpetrate col-laiceop -, -, 2. v. intr. To give a wrong; to incur punishment by an oflight, to shine, glare on all sides. fence, poenam. 5. To give, intrust, comcollum~ i, n. The neck. mit to, yield up. col-lustrol qvi, atum, 1. v. tr. To illu- commixtus, a, um, part. of commine on all sides. 2. Trop., to observe on misceo. all sides, to inspect carefully, omnia. com-m6veop mOvi, mOtum, 2. v. tr. c6lo; cblui, cultum, 3. v. tr. To cultivate To put in motion, to move violently, to or till the earth, hence, 2. To inhabit, shake, agitate. 2. Trop., to disturb, agidwell in a place. 3. Trop., to cherish, tate, frighten; to excite, arouse, dolorem, foster, care for, regard; to honor, rev- bellum. erence, deos; to pursue, practice a thing commlinis, e, adj. (con, munus) Comzealously, justitiam. mon to several or all, common, general; c6lo-nusp i, m. (id.) A husbandman, trop., affable with all, courteous. farmer. 2. A colonist. 3. Poet. for an cCmo, mpsi, mptum, 3. v. tr. (con-emo, inhabitant in gen. to take or put together) To put together, c6lor, Oris, m. Color. 2. Complexion, arrange, comb, dress (mostly the hair). hue, tint. 3. Trop., external condition, compges is, f. (con and pango, to fasappearance, style; also, splendor, beauty. ten) A joining together. a joint, strucciliiber, bri, m. (Poet.) A serpent. ture. c6lubra, ae, f. (id.) A female serpent, com-pello, pfili, pulsum, 3. v. tr. To and in gen., a serpent. drive together, to collect, armentum. 2. c6lumba, ae, f. A dove. Trop., to drive, force, compel to a deed, c6lumnap ae, f. (cello, see celsus) A resolution, etc. column. compello arvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (con and c6ma, ae, f. (K6E4,) The hair. 2. Transf., obs. pellare) (Poet. and lat.) To accost, the foliage of plants. address. 2. In a hostile sense, to accost c6mans, antis, adj. (id.) Hairy. reproachfully, to chide, rebuke, to abuse. c6mes, Itis, c. (con-eo) A companion, 3. To accuse, arraign. associate, partner. 2. In partic., a tu- com-plector, plexus, 3. v. dep. tr. tor, teacher of boys; more freq., the suite, (plecto, to plait or interweave) To emretinue of friends, scholars, youth, etc., brace, encircle, encompass. 2. Trop., to who accompanied a governor to his pro- comprehend, contain, comprise; to emvince; also, a client who accompanied a brace in discourse, to express, represent, person of rank. describe; to embrace intellectually, to c6mitatus$ is, m. (id.) An attending comprehend, understand; to embrace in multitude, a retinue, train. 2. A band, one's affections, to love, value, honor, to troop, company, in gen., without acces- care for, take an interest in. sory idea of attendance. com-pleo, evi, etum, 2. v. tr. (con and ci6mitor7 atus, 1. v. dep. tr. (poet. and obs. pleo, to fill) To fill full, to pack, lat., also act. form) (id.) To accompany, cram, cavernas milite. 2. Trop., tofill attend, follow. up, to complete, to fulfill, to finish, ancom-mendo, avi, 11tum, 1. v. tr. (man- num, studia. do) To commit or intrust to, commend complexus, a, um, part. of complector. to, sacra tibi. 2. To commend, recom- complexus, is, m. (id.) An encompascmend, procure favorfor, make agreeable. ing, encircling, an embrace; trop. of discom-misceo, scui, xtum or stum, 2. v. course, a connection. tr. To mix, mingle, unite. com-ponoX pOsui, pOsitum, 3. v. tr. To commissum, i, n. (id.) An offence, put, -place or bring together, to combine, crime, fault. unite; to form, make by joining tocom-mitto, mIsi, missum, 3. v. tr. gether, to construct, build. 2. Trop., to To bring or join together, to unite. 2. devise, invent, contrive, insidias, mendaTo bring together for a fight, cause to cia, etc. 3. To agree upon, settle, apfight, to match (men or animals). 3. To point. 4. With access. idea of order, to arrange, to enter upon, begin a battle or arrange, compose, settle; poet., w. diem, COM 267 CON to put to rest; to prepare a dead body for take, receive; in fecundation, to conceive. burial, and in gen., to bury. 5. To quiet, 2. Trop., to take with the mind, to percalm, appease, to settle, allay, discord, ceive, comprehend, conceive, think. 3. strife, passion, etc. 6. To bring together To receive, harbor, cherish, foster any for a hostile encounter, to pair, match; feeling, passion, design, etc. 4. To draw and trop., to compare. up, express something in words, to comcomp6situs or compostus, a, urnm, pose. part. of compono. concitusp a, um, part. of concieo. com-pr6hendo or com-prendo! con-clnmop -vi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. di, sum, 3. v. tr. To seize, grasp on all I To cry out together, to-shout, of a multisides, as it were, with both hands. 2. tude and esp., in approbation. 2. (Pact. In a hostile manner, to seize, catch, ar- and rar.) To call together to one place, rest, apprehend. 3. Trop., to grasp in- to call to, socios. 3. To call out loudly, tellectually, to perceive, comprehend. 4. to shout, exclaim, Italiam. 4. To call a To comprise in words, to describe, re- deceased person by name. count. con-cliidoX si, sum, 3. v. tr. (claudo) com-prlmo; pressi, pressum, 3. v. tr. To shut up, inclose, confine, encompass, (premo) To press together. 2. Trop., locum sulco. 2. Trop., to comprise, into restrain, check, stay. elude; to end, close, conclude, epistolam; compulsus, a, um, part. of compello. in philos. lang., to conclude, infer, etc. con-cavus, a, um, adj. Completely hol- con-cors, dis, adj. (cor) Of the same low, hollow, concave, arched, curved. mind, agreeing, concordant, friendly, con-cedo, cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. and harmonious, peaceful. tr. To go away from a place, to depart, con-crescoS evi, etum, 3. v. intr. Orig., retire, ab oris; huc, ad manes. 2. To to grow together, hence, to condense, go, as it were, out of the way for one, to harden, stiffen, thicken, curdle, clot, gen. give place to, yield to, submit to, alicui. of soft or liquid substances which be3. Tr., to concede, grant, permit. come dense. 2. To be formed by stiffconcha, ae, f. (K6yx.) A muscle, a bi- ening, to take form, to grow, increase. valve, shell-fish. 2. A muscle-shell. 3. concrstus; a, um, Pa. (id.) Grown toA snail-shell. 4. The Triton's trumpet, gether, condensed, stiffened, matted, clotin form like a snail-shell; also the trum- ted, lac, crines; labes, contracted. pet of Misenus. 5. Shell-shaped ves con-currog curri, cursum, 3. v. intr. To sels. run or rush together, to flock together. con-cidop Idi, -, 3. v. intr. (cado) To 2. To strike or dash together. 3. To fall together, to fall down, tumble down, rush together in a hostile sense, to fight, fall. 2. Trop., to fall wholly away, to contend. 4. Of events, etc., to happen be overthrown, to perish, to waste away, at the same time, to concur, coincide., to cease, urbs, bellum, auctoritas; of the concursus7 as, m. (id.) A running or wind, to subside. rushing together. 2. A striking or dashcon-cieo ITvi, Itum, 2. v. tr. To urge, ing together. 3. A concourse, crowd, bring or collect together by rousing or assembly. 4. A hostile meeting, charge, exciting. 2. Idea of prep. disappear- attack. ing, to set in motion, impel, stir up. 3. con-cuitiop ussi, ussum, 3. v. tr. (quatio) Trop., to arouse, excite, provoke; to pro- To shake violently, to shake, agitate. 2. duce, cause. Trop., to shake the stability of any thing. concilio, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (concilium) to disturb, inpair. 3. To shake in feelTo bring together, unite, connect objects. ing, to agitate, alarm; (poet. and very 2. Trop., to unite in thought or feeling, rare) to excite, rouse to activity. to make friendly, tb conciliate, gain, win. con-densus, a, um, adj. Very dense, 3. In gen., to procure, to bring about, to close, crowded together. secure any thing for another or for one's con-do7 didi, dItum, 3. v. tr. To bring self. or put together; to join together into a conciliump ii, n. (concieo) A collection7 whole, toform, produce, make; to build. of people, an assembly, esp. for consulta- found, establish; of writings, to conztion, a council. pose, write. 2. To put or place away con-clpio, cipi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. (capio) for preservation, to store up. 3. To lay To take hold of on all sides, to take in, to to rest, to bury, inter, mortuos, aliquem CON 268 CON sepulchro. 4. With idea of secrecy, to deeply. 2. Tr., to deplore, bewail, morconceal, hide; (poet.) to thrust or plunge, term. ensem in pectus or pectore. con-g'ro7 gessi, gestum, 3. v. tr. To con-frro7 contiili, collAtum, conferre, bear together, to collect, to heap up. 2. v. tr. To bear or bring together, to gather, Trop., in discourse, to bring together, to collect. 2. To collect or bring together introduce, dicta, argumenta, &c. 3. To money, offerings, etc., to contribute; also heap upon a person, to place upon, impute trop., to contribute to, be useful to, to to, ascribe to, laudes, crimina. serve. 3. To unite, join, connect; con- con-gr6dior, gressus, 3. v. dep. intr. ferre pedem, gradum, to walk with, ac- (gradior) To come together, to meet with company; of conferences, consultations, one. 2. In a friendly sense, cum aliquo. etc., to consult together, confer, talk over. 3. In a hostile sense, to engage, encoun4. To bring together in a hostile man- ter, fight. ner. 5. To bring together in compar- congressus~7 fs, m. (id.) A coming toison, to compare. II. The con simply gether in a friendly or hostile sense. 1. intensive, or its idea disappearing, to A friendly meeting, conference, interbear or carry somewhere, and esp. w. view, assembly. 2. A hostile encounter, se, to betake one's self any where. 2. aright, contest. Trop., to turn or direct to, and w. se, to c6nifer7 &ra, 6rum, adj. (conus-fero) apply one's self to; to attribute to, ascribe (Poet.) Cone-bearing. to, lay to the charge of. con-j!cio~ jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (jacio) confertus7 a, um, Pa. (con-fercio, fr. To throw or bring together. 2. Trop., farcio, to cram) Pressed together, crowd- to throw together in controversy, w. ed together, close, milites. 2. Filedfull, or without verba, to contend, dispute; full, templum turba. of inferences, to conjecture, conclude, con-flcio7 foci, fectum, 3. v. tr. (facio) infer; to prophesy, foretell; to intespret To make completely, to finish, to corn- an omen, etc. 3. Prep. idea disappearplete, to accomplish, execute. 2. Trop., ing, to throw, cast, hurl, drive or bring to produce, cause, effect. 3. Of time, to something forcibly, quickly, etc., to a complete, finish, spend, pass. 4. To use place; w. se, to betake one's self hastily up, to waste, weaken, fatigue; to over- somewhere. 4. Trop., to throw, bring come, destroy, aliquem or aliquid. or force a person or thing into some con-fido~ fisus sum, 3. v. intr. To con- state or condition. fide in, trust to, rely upon, w. abl., dat., conjuigium1 ii, n. (con-jugum) A conacc. and infin., de or ut. nection, union (but once.) 2. A conneccon-figo~ xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To join or tion by marriage, marriage, wedlock (as fasten together. 2. To pierce through, a physical union-cf. connubium). 3..tranerix. Meton. and poet., a husband, wife, concon-fitaorq fessus, 2. v. dep. tr. (fateor) sort. To confess, acknowledge, causam, deam. con-jungo, nxi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To 2. (Poet. and lat.) To reveal, manifest, bind together, to join, unite; in partic., make known, iram vultu. to join in marriage. con-fligo, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. and intr. conjux9 (or conjunx), fgis, c. (id.) A To strike together, to bring together, unite consuort, husband, wtife, cpouse; poet., (rar.). 2. Intr., to contend, to be in con- an intended wife, a betrothed. fite!, to fight. con-nitor, nixus and nisus, 3. v. dep. con-'figiop ffigi, -, 3. v. intr. To flee intr. To push or lean against. 2. To for refuge. exert one's self, to strive eagerly, w. ut, con-'fundo, ffldi, ffisum, 3. v. tr. To ad and gerund, an infin.. or abs. pour together, to mix, mingle. 2. Trop., connfibium, ii, n. (con. and nubo, to to unite, combine (rar.), duos populos, veil, and to marry) Jlarriage, wedlock vera cum falsis. 3. With idea of disor- (as a civil institution-cf. conjugium). 2. dering, to confound, confuse, disorder, The right of intermarriage according to disturb; poet. w. foedus, to violate; of the Roman law. intellectual confusion, to disturb, con- c5nor7 atus, 1. v. dep. tr. To attempt fuse, perplex. try, undertake, mostly w. ace. or infin. con-g6mo, ui, -, 3. v. intr. and tr. To con-sangulneus, a, nm, adj. Of the sigh or groan together or loudly, to groan same blood, related by blood. 2. As cox 269 cox subs., a relative, a kinsman; in plur., con-s6no i ui, -, 1. v. intr. To sound relatives. at the same time or together; to sound consariguln.iAzs Atis, f. (id.) Blood- loudly, to resound, nenmus. relations/hip, consanguinity. conspectus, uis, m. (conspicio) A con-scendo, di, sum, 3. v. tr. (scando). sight, view; hence, also, meton., p,;.To mount, ascend, get up upon. 2. In i ence, proximity; trop., a mnental viL- t,. partic., to ascend into a ship, to embark survey. upon a ship, or (poet. once) the sea. con-spiciop spexi, spectum, 3. v. tr. con-scius, a, urn, adj. (scio) Know- (specio, to look at) To look at, to behoad ing something with another, accessory, with attention, to see, observe, behold; Iraivy to, conscious. 2. As subs., an pass., to be looked at with admiration, to accessory, accomzplice, confidant, male or attract notice or attention, to be dic./,K,female. 3. Knowing in one's self, con- guished. 2. Inchoative, to get sight ot: scious to one's self. to descry, perceive, aliquem. con-s6quorp seciltus (sequutus), 3. v. con-sterno, stravi, stratum, 3 v. tr. dep. tr. To follow immediately after, to To strew over, cover by strewing, befollozw. 2. Trop., tofollow, imitate. 3. strew. To reach by following, to overtake, hence con-stituo7 ni, ftum, 3. v. tr. (statno) 4. To reach, obtain, gloriam; to come up To set, put or place anywhere, esp.. to, equa!, aliquem aliqua re; to reach in- firmly, immovably. 2. Ini milit. ]ang.. tellectually, to understand; to reach by to post, station or draw up tsoops. 3. words, to expressfully. To erect, build, found; and trop., to con-siro, sArui, sertum, 3. v. tr. To establish, prepare, make, amicitiam. 4. connect, join, or entwine together, to To establish by ordering, to order, arbind or fasten together. 2. To join for range, regulate, civitates. 5. To Jix, contest; w. manum, tojoinhandto hand, appoint, determine, diem. 6. To reengage in close comzbat; w. proelium, solve, determine, facere aliquid. pugnam, etc., to join battle; w. bellum, con-sto stiti, statum, 1. r. intr. To to begin a war. stand still, remain standing, to stop. 2. consessus, uis, m. (consido) A sitting To stand firm or fixed, to remain immnovtogether; hence, an assembly, a coliec- able, to endure. 3. To agree, correspond, tion of persons sitting together. accord with. 4. Of facts, reports, etc.. con-sido, sedi, sessum, 3. v. intr. To to be established, settled, certain, evident, sit down (esp. of a multitude); of birds, well known (esp. impers. constat)..1. bees, etc., to alight, settle. 2. Of senators, To consist of or in, to be composed of, to judges, any deliberative assembly, to sit, rest upon. 6. To stand at, to cost. be in session, hold a session. 3. Of an consul, fUlis, m. (fr. the root conso, army, to encanp, to take a station. 4. To whence consulo, consilium; prop., an settle permanently, take up one's abode, adviser) A consul, one of the highest settle, his regnis. 5. Of inanimate ob- magistrates of the Roman republic. jects, esp. places, to settle, to sink down, consultum, i, n. (consulo, to consider) omne Ilium. 6. Trop., to abate, di- A resolutiozn, determination, decision; minish, subside, cease, filror. esp. w. senatus, a decree. 2. A conssltconsilium, ii, n. (kindr. w. consul and ing of a deity, by means of an cracle; consulo) Deliberation, consultation, coun- poet. for a response of an oracle. sel. 2. Mleton., the result of delibera- consumo7 sumpsi, sumptum, 3. v. tr. tion, a resolution, purpose, plan, design, To take wholly. 1. Of food, to conmeasure; counsel, advice. 3. As a men- sume, devour. 2. Transf. in gen. to contalquality, consideration, judgment, wis- sume, waste, destroy. 3. To use, erdom. 4. In concr., a deliberative assem- ploy, spend, aurum, studium. bly, a council. con-surgo7 surrexi, surrectum, 3. v. consisto, stiti, stitum, 3. v. intr. Toplace intr. To rise together, stand up together, one's self anywhere; to stand still, remain of several persons. 2. Of a single perstanding, stand, stop, settle, rest, prima son, to rise, stand up. 3. Of inanimate terra, hac terra; trop., mens. 2. Trop., things, to arise. to remain firm, to continue; to consist of, contactus ufs, m. (contingo) A touclhto depend upon, omne bonum c. in hon- ing, touch, contact. 2. Of anything unestate. clean, infection, contagion. CON 270 CON con-temno, tempsi, tCmptum, 3. v. tr. opposite to, Galliam. 2. Transf., of gen. To despise, disdain, contemn. or hostile opposition, against, opposite, con-tendo7 di, tum, 3. v. tr. and intr. contrary to. To' stretch, stretch out vigorously; to contra. adv. Of places, on the opposite draw tight, to strain; poet. and meton., side. 2. Transf., of opposition or rew. telurnm, sagittam, hastam, to shoot, I ciprocalless, on the contrary, on the other dart, hurl. 2. Trop., to strain, exert, hand, in opposition. vires. 3. To work at, apply one's self to con-traho) xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To drauf vigorously; and w. infin., to strive, en- or bring together, to collect, assemble, deavor, to hasten. 4. Mostly intr., to has- I viros. 2. To contract, abridge, shorten, ten to a place, to march or journey with lessen, lit. and trop. 3. Trop., to draw haste. 5. To assert or affirm earnestly. on, bring abouf, occasion, make, produce. 6. To demand, ask, entreat, aliquid. 7. 4. To draw upon one's self, to incur, To hold one thing with another, to corn- contract, aes alienum. 5. To make a pase. 8. Intr., to try one's strength bargain or contract, to conclude a busiwith, to contend, fight. ness affair, to contract. contentus, a, um, part. of id. contrariusy a, um, adj. (contra) Of c0onte~tus, a, um, Pa. (contineo) Held places, lying over against, opposite. 2. together or restrained in desires; hence, Transf., of other things, opposite, concontent,; atisfied. trary, opposed. 3. In partic., hostile, con-terreo, ui, Itum, 2. v. tr. To injurious (poet. and lat.). greatly terrify, to frighten. con-tr6misco7 mai, -, 3. v. tr. and con-texo, xui, xtum, 3. v. tr. To intr. (inch. of con-tremo) Intr., to tremweave or entwine together, to unite, con- ble all over, to shake. 2. Tr., to tremnect. 2. To constsruct by putting together, ble at, to fear greatly, aliquid. to build, lit. annd trop. con-tundo, tUdi, tisum, 3. v. tr. To conticescop tIcui, -, 3. v. intr. inch. beat, bruise, break, pound to pieces, (con-taceo) To become still, to keep si- grando vites. 2. To crush, subdue, delence, be silent, esp. after speaking. 2. stroy, populos. Trop., to become still, to cease, furor. contus i, m. (KOVT6S) A pole, esp. as contineo, ui, tentum, 2. v. tr. (teneo) an implement in a boat or ship. To hold or keep together; in pass., of cdnus, i, n. (COvoe) Acone. 2. Meton., places, to be comprised, inclosed in, en- the crest or apex of a helmet. compassed or environed by, montibus. con-valis is, f. A valley incloseCL on 2. To hold or keep in a certain state, to all sides. keep, preserve, retain, exercitum. 3. con-vecto, 1. v. tr. (intens. of With idea of hindering, to hold back, re- con-veho) To bear or bring together. strain, rmilites, me: and trop., to repress, con-vello, velli, vulsum, 3. v. tr. To restrain, check, gradum. 4. To com- tear from a position, tear up, pull up, prise, contain, encompass, mons reliquum tear away, separate, limina. 2; Poet., spatium, causas. to tear in pieces, to shatter, convulse, con-tingo, tigi, tactum, 3. v. tr. and naves, aequor remis. 3. Trop., to shake, intr. (tango) To touch, as it were, on bring down, destroy, rempublicam. all sides, to touch, to take hold of; of con-viniop veni, ventum, 4. v. intr. and food, to taste, partake of. 2. Of places, tr. To come together, assemble, nmeet. 2. to touch, border upon, extend to. 3. To Tr., to meet, aliquem; also, to accost, adreach by moving, to come to, arrive at, dress. 3. Trop. and intr., to agree; res Italiam. 4. To touch with pollution, to convenit, or impers., convenit, it is pollute, defile, stain. 5. To concern, be i agreed upon,decided. 4. To fit; mostly related to, affect, aliquem. 6. Intr., to trop., res convenit, orimpers., convenit, happen, to come to pass, to be one's lot, it is fit, proper, becoming, it beco7mes. esp. impers. conventus, ds, m. (id.) A meeting, an continuo] adv. (continuus, a, urn, fr, assembly. 2. In partic., a collection of contineo) Forthwith, immediately. people in a provincial town for commercon-torqueo, rsi, rtum, 2. v. tr. To cial purposes, a body, cozmunity, corturn, whirl, move round violently. 2. poration; also, a judicial assembly, a To hurl, discharge, telum. corz!?t of justice. contria prep. w. ace. Of places, agai qt, c3;:Versus7 a, um, part. of CON 271 colt con-verto7 ti, sum, 3. v. tr. To turn f in the form of a crown, a circle of men, round, to turn, manum, se. 2. To turnI a crowd, a besieging anmy around a to, direct to, naves in eam partem. 3. town, etc. Trop., to turn, change, alter, transform, c6rono7 Avi, atnm, 1. v. tr. (id.) To animum; of written works, to translate., crown with a garland, to crown, wreathe. convexus7 a, um, adj. (con-veho) 2. Meton. and poet., to surround, enVaulted, arched, convex; also=concave; compass, custode. subs., convexum, i, n., an arch, vault, corp6reus, a, um, adj. (corpus) Corconcavity, recess. 2. Poet., sloping, in- poreal. clined, vallis, iter. corpus, 6ris, n. Any material Cody, con-viviumr ii, n. (vivo) A living to- substance, mass. 2. Esp., the tody both gether; hence, a meal in company, a of men and animals, living, or lifeless. feast, entertainment, banquet. 3. A lifeless body, a corpse; and transf. con-volvo, vi, litum, 3. v. tr. To roll poet., the soul of the departed, ghost, together, roll up. I shade. 4. Periphrastically, for thle perconvulsus, a, um, part. of convello. son, the individual. 5. Trop., a whole co-6rior7 ortus, 4. v. dep. intr. To composed of parts, a body, corporation. arise, appear, spring up, break forth. cor-ripio, ripui, reptum, 3. v. tr. (conc~piap ae, f. (co-ops) Abundance,plenty, rapio) To take hold of, to seize eagerly wealth, riches. 2. In milit. lang., (gen. or hastily, to snatch, snatch up, to snatch plur.), forces, troops. 3. Opportunity, away, hurry away; in partic., to plunliberty, ability, power of doing anything. der. 2. Trop., of fire, disease, etc., to c6ir cordis, n. (kindr. w. K5p and Kap&L) seize, attack, carry away. 3. To reThe heart. 2. Meton., (pars pro toto) proach, censure, chide, blame; to accuse, aperson. 3. Trop., as the seat of feel- aliquem. 4. Poet. w. viam, spatium, ing, emotion, etc., the heart, soul, feel- etc., to start very quickly on, to purtsue ing; as the seat of understanding, mind, rapidly, to hasten on. judgment. cor-rumpo, rufpi, ruptum. 3. v. tr. To CM~ra, ae, f. A town of the Volsci in break all to pieces; hence, to destroy, Latium. ruin. 2. Meton., to spoil the physical c6ram7 prep. w. abl. Before, in the or mental condition of any thing or perpresence of. II. Adv. 1. Objectively, son, to destroy, irjure, damage, spoil, debefore, in the presence of some other per- bilitate, corrupt, infect. son or thing. 2. Subjectively, person- cortex Icis, m. (rar. f.) The bask, rind ally, in person, in one's own person or of plants; in partic., the bark of the presence, adesse. cork-tree, cork. C6rinthus, i, f (K6ptv0oq) A celebrated cortina7 ae, f. A round vessel, kettle, city of Greece on an isthmus of the same caldron. 2. The tripod of Apollo (strictname. ly, the caldron-shaped vessel upon the corneus7 a, um, adj. (cornu) Of horn. tripod); and transf. poet., an oracle. corneus7 a, um, adj. (cornus, a cornel- Corus (or Caurus), i, m. The north-west tree) Of the cornel-tree or cornel-wood. wind. corni-pes, 1dis, adj. (cornu) Horn- c6rusco7 —, -, 1. v. tr. and intr. (kindr..footed, hoofed. w. Koprarwo) Prop., to push with the cornu7 fis, n. (kindr. w. Kipas and Germ. horns. 2. Hence, transf., to snove someand Eng. horn) A horn of animals. 2. thing quickly, to,hclhke, brandish, wave, Meton., of any thing similar to a horn, hastam. 3. Intr., toflash, gleam, corusthe end of a sail-yard, the crest of a hel- cate, flamma. met, the wing of an army, summit of a ciruscus7 a, urnm, atLj. (id.) (Poet.) mountain, etc.; of things made of horn, Waving, vibrating, treyn'o oue, Lilva. 2. a bow, a bugle-horn, trumpet, etc. 3. Flashing, glancing, cg~ttering, gleamTlop., as an emlilem of power. ing, ignis. cornum7 i, n. The cornel-cherry. Crybantius a, urnm, adj. Of tfe CoCMroebus, i, m. (K6pocPos) Son of king rybantes, priests of Cybele, whose worAIygdon, of Phrygia, an ally of Priam, ship was celebrated with wild music and an accepted suitor of Cassandra. and armed dances, Corybantian. c6irna7 ae, f. (KOpoVr) A garland, ICMrknaeus, i, m. A companion of Aewreath, crown. 2. Meton., of objects neas. COR 272 CUL Corythusp i, m. (KIpv0ov) A town of Crtap ae, f. (KpNT-r) An island in the Etruria, called later Cortona. -Mediterranean, Crete. Cossus, i, m. (A. Cornelius) A1 Roman Cretaeus2 a, urn, adj. (id.) Cretan. consul and commander who obtained the cretusp a, um, part. of cresco.'* spolia opima" from the king of Veii, Creiisap ae, f. (Kpeovra) A daughter of in B. C. 428 Priam and wife of Aeneas. costap ae, f. A rib. 2. Transf.. a side, crimen7 mis, n. (cerno, Kplvw) Orig., a.wall, navis. judicial decision, judgment. 2. Hence, cothurnus9 i, mn. (0Avas) A Trojan, calculate; to consider, care for, provide slain at the capture of Troy. B3: 283 EGE w. se, to raise one's self, to rise, become E. eminent; in a bad sense, to lift up one's self, to be puffed up, to be proud. e, prep., v. ex. ef-firus, a, um, adj. Very wild, sav6bur 6Dris, n. Ivory. 2. Meton., things age. made of ivory. ef-fietus; a, um, adj. That has brought iburneus (poet. eburnus), a, um, adj. forth young; hence, exhausted by bear(id.) Of ivory, ivory. ing, and in gen., worn out, exhausted. ecce, interj. (ec-ce) Lo! behold! ef-fIcio, fOci, fectum, 3. v. tr. (facio) ec-qui, ecquae or ecqua, ecquod, interr. To work out, to accomnplish, execute, efadj. pron. Whether any? any? fect, make,form. 2. Of a field, etc., to ec-quis, -, ecquid, interr. subs. pron. produce, yield; of numbers, to make, Whether any? any one? any body.? any amount to; in philos. lang., to make out, thing? Adv., ecquid, interr. particle in show, prove. direct and indirect questions, whether? effigies ei, f. (effingo) An image, like6daxg acis, adj. (edo) Voracious, greedy. ness, effgy; poet., in concr., an image, 2. Trop., devouring, destroying, con- statue; less freq., a portrait. sumilng. ef-fingo, finxi, fictum, 3. v. tr. To e-dico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To declare, form, fashion, portray artistically. 2. make known, publish, announce. 2. To Trop., to express, portray, represent. appoint, to command, order. ef-fidio, fOdi, fossum, 3. v. tr. To dig 6-dissbrop ui, rtum, 3. v. tr. (dis-sero) out, dig up. To set forth, unfold in words by giving ef-for, tus, 1. v. dep. Tr. (Old relig. particulars, to explain, describe, relate. and poet. term) To speak out, utter, 6do eOdi, esum, 3. v. tr. (the contr. forms speak, say. es, est, estis, etc.; very freq. in prose and ef-fringop fregi, fractum, 3. v. tr. poetry) To eat. 2. Of things, to eat (frango) To break out, break open. up, corrode, consume, destroy, lentus ef-figio, ftigi, -, 3. v. intr. and tr. vapor; also, trop. Intr., toflee away, escape. 2. Tr., toffee i-do, dIdi, ditum, 3. v. tr. To give out, from, escape, avoid, shun. give or bring forth, emit. 2. To bring effiigium, ii, n. (id.) A fleeing away, a forth anything new, to produce, bear, be- flight. 2. Concr., a way or means of get, partum; of literary productions, to escape. put forth, publish. 3. To set forth, de- ef-fulgeo, si, -, 2. v. intr. To shine clare, announce, utter. 4. To produce, forth, glitter, gleam. make, bring about, cause, caedem. ef-fundo, fadi, ffisum, 3. v. tr. To pour 6-d6ceo, cui, ctum, 2. v. tr. To teach out or forth, to shed, aquam, lacrimas. thoroughly, instruct carefully, w. per- 2. Of bodies not liquid, to pour out or sonal object; to inform one of anything,.forth in great numbers, to drive out, to apprise, acquaint with fully or accu- send.forth; in partic., w. se. or pass., in rately. mid. sense, to pour forth in a multitude, e-diico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To lead to rush out or forth. 3. Trop.. tc your forth, draw out, lead or bring away; in forth words, feelings, etc., to utter; of partic., to lead forth troops; also, abs., property, to pour out, waste, squander; tomarchforth. 2. Tobring.forth, bear; w. se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to rear, bring up, educate, aliquem. 3. give loose to, yield to; in gen., to qive up, To draw up, raise; also, to erect, rear, resign, lose. build up, turrim. efffsus7 a, um, Pa. (id.) Spread ott. ef-firo, extfli, elatum, efferre, v. tr. extended, wide, broad; scattered, disTo bring or carry out, to bring forth; w. persed; disheveled, comae. 2. TPro8fse, pedem, to go away, depart; to carry out lavish. 3. Extravagant, immoderate for burial, to bury, inter; of the soil, to laetitia. bring forth, produce. 2. To bear up, 6gens7 entis, Pa. (egeo) Needy, poor. in lift up, raise, elevate. 3. Trop., to set want. forth, make known, publish; to utter, grnus, a. um. adj. (id.) In, want, i pronounce; in pass., to be carried away need of. destitute. rei. 2. Abs. needy, by one's passions, etc., to be transported; I necessitous, critical. res. according to No. 2, to raise, exalt; and 6geo7 ui,-, 2. v. intr. To be in want ot EGE 284 EO anything, to haveneed of, aliqua re; abs., 5-luo, ui, atum, 3. v. tr. To wasc oAd to be needy, poor. 2. Transf. (= careo), or away, to wash off, to cleanse, lit. and to be witsout:','se destitute of (rar.). trop. 6ges:- _;: atis, f. (id.) Extreme poverty, Elksium, ii, n. ('Hhva-tov) Elysium, the indigence, penury. 2. Want of some- abode of the blest. thing. bmetior; mensus, 4. v. dep. tr. To 6gos pers. pron. (eydo) I measure out or off, spatium. 2. Trop., e-gredior. gressus, 3. v. dep. intr. and to pass over, traverse, terras. tr. (gradior) To go or come out, to go 6-micoI cui, catum, 1. v. intr. To spring forthS in partic., to disembark from a out or forth, to bound forth; to leap uip. vessel. 2. To go up, to climb, ascend, e-mitto7 mIsi, missum, 3. v. tr. To in tumulum. 3. Tr., to go beyond, pass send forth or out, send away. 2. To let ozt of; leave, munitiones, urbem, por- go, let loose, discharge, aliquem. /tum, etc.; trop., to overstep, surpass. emo, emere, obs. v., found only in combgregiasq a, um, adj. (e-grex; hence, pounds (cf. adimo, demo, etc.), and = chosen from the herd) Choice, excellent, accipere. eminent, distinguished. 2. Of rank or e-m6veo, movi, motum, 2. v. tr. To consequence, distinguished, illustrious, move out or from, to remove; (poet.) to honorable. move, shake, agitate, muros, pontum. aja, interj. (da) Of joy or surprise, Ah! ~nl interj. Lo! behold! see! used to atah ha! indeed! 2. Of exhortation, ho! tract attention, for emphasis, and to come! up! indicate wonder or passionate excite. e-jecto7 avi, atum, 1. v. intens. tr. ment. (ejicio) (Poet.) To cast out, to throw up. Enc=l1dusy i, m. CEyKiAaeos) One of 2jectus, a, um. part. of the giants who fought against heaven e-jzio, jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (jacio) To and whom Jupiter buried under Mount throw or cast out, drive out, expel; in Aetna. partic., w. se (ex aliquo loco), to rush 6nim4 conj. To assign a reason, for. forth, hasten forth; in nautical lang., to The proposition whose reason enim inbring a ship to land, but usually, to run troduces is often to be mentally supashore, strand, wreck. 2. Trop., to re- plied. 2. To explain a preceding asject, disapprove. sertion, namely, for instance. 3. To 5-15bor, lapsus, 3. v. dep.. intr. and tr. strengthen an assertion, truly, indeed. To glide or slip away, tofall out, escape; 5-nfteo, tul, -, 2. v. intr. To shine in partic., of persons, to get off, escape. forth, lit. and trop. 2. Trop., to slip away, escape; in partic., Z-nitor7 nIsus, or nixus, 3. v. dep. intr. to escape from punishment, etc.; to pass and tr. To work one's way out; more away, disappear. 3. Tr., to escape from freq., to struggle up, movnt up, climb, any evil or danger Vrar. and lat.). ascend. 2. In gen., to exert one's self, to eiapsus, a, um, part. of id. struggle, strive. 3. Tr., to bring forth, ltntus, a, um, part. of effero. bear offspring. 4. Tr., to ascend with il6phantus, i, and Ml1phas, antis, difficulty, to climb, Alpes, etc. m. (AAe4bac) An elephant. 2. Meton. and 5nixus7 a, um, part. of enitor. poet. (= ebur), ivory. e-no7 avi, -, 1. v. intr. To swim out or 5-1ido7 si, sum, 3. v. tr. (laedo) To strike away, to escape by swimming; poet., to or dash out, force out. 2. To break or fly away. daoh to pieces, to shatter, crush; trop., ensis, is, m. A sword (mostly poet.). to break down, destroy. rEntellus, i, m. A Sicilian who conElisq Idis, f. ('HXvs) The most westerly quered Dares in the conte-t with the district of Peloponnesus, with a capital cestus. of the same name, near which was e-nluimro7 avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To enuOlympia. merate, count over, reckon utp. 2. To Elisqs% ae, f. ('EAtrL-a) Another name enumerate in speaking, to recowzt, refor Ditto. late, prolem..16cquorp l1cfltus, 3. v. dep. tr. To eeo ivi, itum, ire, v. intr. To go (in the speak out, utter, express, declare. 2. widest sense, and of all kinds of motion), Abs., of an orator, to speak, deliver a to march, to yoforth, rush forth, to ride, speech. to sail, to flow; to go at or against in a EOU 285 ET hostile manner. 2. Trop., to go over or Erldanus; i, m. ('HpLcav6s) The Greek accede to any opinion; with access. idea name of the river Po. of result, to go, to turn out, happen; w. e-ri.go rexi, rectum, 3. v. tr. (rego) To a supine, to go to do any thing, to set raise up, set or stand up, to erect. 2. about, to be about to, to prepare to do a Trop., to cheer up, rouse tip, animante. thing. Erinys (or Erinnys), yos, f. ('Eptvvie o: Elus, a, um, adj. (fr. Eos, the dawn, /.osq,'Eptvv) One of the Furies. 2. Meton.,'Hwe) Belonging to the morning (poet.). a scourge, curse; frenzy, rage, froy. 2. More freq., belonging to the east, east- Eriphyle, es, f. ('EpcbviA) Tihe wife of ern. 3. Subs., Eous, i, m., (/jog, sc. Amphiaraus, slain by her son Alemaeon ~aTop) the morning-star. for the betrayal of her husband. Epeos (or us), i, m. ('E7retLs) The maker 6-rlpio, tpui, eptum, 3. v. tr. (rapio) To of the famous wooden horse by which snatch, tear or pull out, to snatch or tsihf. Troy was captured. away; to remove, to rescue, save from a Epirus, i, f. ('Hrerypoa) A province in danger or evil; w. se, to take one's self the northern part of Greece. off, to escape. 2. Trop., to snatch or take 6pfilor7 Mtus, 1. v. dep. intr. and tr. (epu- away, to remove, spem, timorem, poteslum) To feast, banquet. 2. Tr., to eat tatem, etc.; poet. w. fugam, to hasten (poet. and lat.). flight. 6pfilum; i, n. In sing., a solemn public erro, avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. To feast or banquet, usually of a religious wander, to stray about, to rove; in parcharacter. 2. In piur., epulae, arum, f. tic., to miss the right way, to go asctray. (heterocl.), a meal, feast, banquet; also, 2. Trop., to wander from the truth, to food, viands. err, mistake. 3. Tr., in perf. part. (poet.), Epytides7 ae, m. The son of Epytus. to wander over or through, litora errata. Ep.tus, i, m. The name of a Trojan. error. oris, m. (id.) A wandering or 6ques, Itis, m. (equus) A horseman, a straying about; poet., the maze of the rider; in partic., a horse-soldier, troop- labyrinth; trop., a wavering, uncsirtaf:.er; in plur., and collect. in sing., cay- ty, doubt.. 2. A wandering from the alry. 2. A knight, one of the equestrian right way, a straying; trop., a wanderorder at Rome; in plur., and collect. in ing from the truth, an error, nistake. sing., the order of knights, the equites. delusion, deception. bquester7 tris, tre, adj. (id.) Of or be- 6-riibesco, bui, -, 3. v. intr. and tr. longing to a rider, equestrian. 2. Of or To grow red, to redden; in partic., to reel-7 belonging to cavalry. 3. Of or belong- den or blush. with shame, to be ashanmed.. ingpo the knights or to knighthood. 2. Tr. (poet.), to be ashamed of some6quidem, adv. (demonstr. e or ec and thing; to blush at, i. e., to respect, jura. quidem) W. pron. ego, or a verb in the e-ructog 1. v. tr. To belch out or forth. first pers. sing., to render the person to vomit forth, throw up. 2. In gen.. fo emphatic, as for myself, Ifor my part, cast forth, emit, throw up, arenam. I indeed. 2. In gen., as a strengthen- 5-rumpop rufpi, ruptum, 3. v. tr. and ing particle with other persons of the intr. Tr., to cause to break or burst verb, indeed, verily, truly. forth, to burst out (rare), se foras; trop.. 6quuss i, m. (kindr. w. ZKKno, Aeolic for iram in hostes. 2o. Intr., to break oa't. arios) A horse, steed. burst forth, rush or sally forth. Eribus7 i, m. ('pEfos) The god of dark- 5-ruoy ui, fitum, 3. v. tr. To dig. tear ness, son of Chaos and brother of Nox. or pluck out or tip; to root out, destf:oyl 2. The Lower World. from the foundation. 2. Trop., to dea.r erg'o5 adv. (kindr. w. vergo, to turn, or bring out, elicit, argumenta, verita. " turned hither," "advancing from " tem,.etc. 3. Trop., to extirpate, destr oy, something) Proceeding from, in conse- overthrow, spes. quence of, on account of (placed after a Erycinus, a, um, adj. Of Eryx, Erycigen., like causa and gratia). 2. Abs. ian. (for cujus rei ergo), consequently, there- Erymanthus7 i, m. ('EpavOoe) -A fore, then; in questions xv. a logical chain of mountains in Arcadia. sequence, then, so then; w. impera- Eryx, ycis, m. ('Epvy) A mountaia im tives, then; in resuming an interrupted the western part of Sicily. thought, well then, as Iwas saying. et; conj. And, used to join two indepen ETI 286 EX dent and equally important words or away, get clear, escape. 2. In an upclauses; when repeated, et....et, both ward direction, to mount up, ascend. 3...... and. 2. To add a stronger and more Trop., to come out, turn out, end in comprehensive expression, and indeed, some way, to become something; to come and moreover, and that to. 3. After to pass, be fulfilled. II. Tr., to pass ore,"? words denoting similarity or dissimilar- or beyond, to leave behind. 2. To asce&C', ity, par, idem, similis, aeque, alius, etc., mount, climb, altos gradus, etc. 3. To et = ac or atque, as, than. 4. To con- escapefrom, fleefrom, escape, casum. nect two immediately adjoining events, — vanesco7 nui, -, 3. v. inch. intr, and then, when. 5. (= etiam) Also, like- (vanus) To vanish away, pass away, ewise, even. disappear. 6tiam, conj. (et-jam) To annex an ad- evans; antis, part. (Evan, an epithet of ditional idea, also, likewise, furthermore, Bacchus) Shouting Evan, shouting (at besides. 2. To annex a more important the festival of Bacchus). idea, and even, nay. even, even. 3. In 5-vgho, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To carry out strongly affirmative answers, yes indeed, orforth, to convey or move out; mid., to certainly, by all means. 4. Of time, to ride out, to sail out or forth. 2. To denote continuance, even yet, yet, still. carry or convey up; trop., to raise, exalt, 5. Etiam atque etiam, constantly, re- elevate. peatedly, again and again. e-v6nio; veni, ventum, 4. v. intr. To et-si, conj. Even if, although. 2. To come out or forth (rare). 2. Trop., to introduce a restriction or correction of a come to pass, happen; and w. a dat., to preceding statement, although, yet, but. befall, happen to; in partic., to turn o ut, uboicusp a, um, adj. Of Euboea, an issue, result, bene. island in the Aegean Sea, Euboean. eventus ais, m. (id.) An event, occurZumblus, i, m. The messenger who re- rence; hence, fortune, fate, lot. 2. An ported the burning of the Trojan fleet in issue, result, consequence, belli. Sicily. 6-vertoy ti, sum, 3. v. tr. To turn out, Zummnides, um, f. pl. (Ebtevrgeq) The drive out or forth; to turn up, uptur'n. benevolent ones, a euphemistic name for aequora ventis. 2. To overtucrn, throwtc the ~Furies. down, upset. 3. Trop., to overthrow, Europa, ae (or Europe, es), f. (EBpsJ-m) subvert, ruin, destroy. Daughter of the Phoenician king Agenor, |-vincio. nxi, nctam, 4. v. tr. To bind mnother of AMinos and Sarpedon by Jupi- up, to bind or wind around. ter, who under the form of a bull car- e-vincoX vici, victum, 3. v. tr. To conzried her off to Crete. 2. The continent pietely overconme, subdue, or vanquish, of Europe, named after her. lit. and trop. To succeed in accomplishZur5tas, ae, m. (EipCLTaS) Thre princi- I ing, to effect (w. ut and the subjunctive). pal river of Laconia, upon which Sparta e-v6ico7 avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To call was situated. out or forth. 2. To call to one's self, to Eur6us, a,, uadj. (Eurus) Of or re- summon. 3. Trop., to call forth, elicit, lating to the south-east wind, but used in excite, produce, iram, misericordiam, etc. gen. for eastern. — volvo, volvi, v6lfitum, 3. v. tr. To Eurus, i, m. (e6pog) The south-east roll out or forth; to unroll, unfold; w. wind. 2. Poet. for the East; the east se, to roll forth, glide, flumen. 2. wind; and wind, in gen. Transf., to unroll a book, hence, to Euryglusp i, m. Afollower of Aeneas. | read; of the Fates, to spin off, spin out. E urphllus, i, m. (EipirmvAos) Ai Grecian 3. Trop., to unfold, develop, make clear; leader n the siege of Troy. also, to unfold, disclose, narrate. Eur'tion7 Onis, m. A Lycian, brother ex or e (the latter onlybefore consonants, of Pandarus. and less freq. than ex, which is used Evadne, -es, f. (E~ivvn) The wife of before vowels and consonants) prep. Capaneus, who threw herself upon the (kindr. w. the Gr. 6K or it) Out of, funeral pile of her husband and was t,here from, in many senses, of space, time. conzsumed. origin, source, cause, material, etc.; to 5-viadoS si, strm, 3. v. intr. and tr. To go denote the measure from, after, or a(out orforth, to come out; in partic., to dis- cording to which anything is or is done: z:nbark, to land, in terram; also, to get ex quo (tempore), since; ex ordine, in EXA 287 EXE order; also, in various other adverbial take, receive; to catch, overtake, surprise. expressions. 4. Trop., to take, to receive, to sustain, exactus, a, um, part. and Pa. (exigo) impetus; to overtake, befall, attend, ca(Poet. and lat.) Completed; hence, ac- sus te; to catch with the ear, to hear, czrate, precise, exact. learn, understand; to follow or succeed ex-aestuop Avi, atum, 1. v. intr. To some person or thing, in time or order boil up, foam up, rage, Aetna; trop., (in this sense also abs.); to keep up, promens ira. long, memoriam, pugham. ex-ramn is; e, and ex-anlmus a excito avi, atum, 1. v. intens. tr. (excio) um, adj. (anima) Without breath, life-'o call out or forth, to rozsse, zwake sup. less, dead; trop., half dead wzith fear, 2. To cause to rise, vapores;.w. idea greatly terrified. of forming, to erect, construct, build. 3. ex-nilmo alvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To Trop., to arouse, awaken, enliven, excite, deprive of breath; only in the pass., to stimulate, iras, aliquem in virtutem. become breathless, to be exhausted. 2. excltus, a, um, part. of excio. To deprive of life, to kill. 3. Trop., to ex-cljmo; Avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. deprive of life or spirit, to alarm, ter- To cry out, exclaim. 2. Tr., to call out, rify. exclaim, say with a loud voice, w. an obex-ardescop arsi, arsum, 3. v. inch. ject. clause and w. an acc. intr. To begin to blaze out or up, to ex-c6lo, cblui, cultum, 3. v. tr. To kindle, take fire. 2. Trop., to be kindled work at wzith care, to tend, cultivate, or inflamed, to break out, of personal vineas, rura, etc. (rare). 2. Transf., to and abstr. subjects. ~ polish, improve, adorn, refine, perfect, ex-audio, lvi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. To lit. and trop. hear from afar or at a distance. 2. excubiae, Arum, f. (ex-cubo, to lie or Less freq., like audio, to hear; to listen, sleep out) A lying out of doors. 2. In to, regard; to heed, obey. partic., a lying out on guard, a watching. ex-cedo, cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. and tr. 3. In concr., persons on guard, a watch, lTo go out or away, to depart, retire. 2. guard. In partic., to depart from life, to die. 3. x-cdo di, sum, 3. v. tr. To stike or Trop., to go beyond a certain limit or drive out. 2. Poet., to prepare by measure, to overstep, surpass, exceed, di- striking, toforge out, to forge, aera. 3. gress; also, to depart, disappear. II. In gen., to prepare, make anything; of Tr. (so only after Aug. per.), to depart a writing, to compose. from, to leave, urbem, etc. 2. Trop., to excussus, a, um, part. of go beyond, surpass, exceed a certain linmit. excitio, cussi, cussum, 3. v. tr. (quatio) excidium, ii, n. (for exscidium, fr. To shake out or qof, to cast, thromt, or exscindo) Overthrow, destruction, de- dive off orfrom. 2. In partic., to shake molition, esp. of buildings, cities, etc. out, e. g., a cloak, to see if anything is ex-cldo; cidi, -, 3. v. intr. (cado) Tofall hidden under it; hence, to search, exozut or from, to fall down. 2. Trop., to amine a person. 3. Trop., to shake off, fall or slip away, escape, nefas patrio drive away, discard; also (according to ore; also, to pass away, disappear, be 2), to search, examine, inspect. lost, perish, de memoria, animo. ex-6do, edi, esum, 3. v. tr. To eat sp, ex-cidop Idi, Isum,3. v. tr (caedo) To devour, consume entirely; and in gen., cut out or off, to cut away, to hew out. to consume, destroy, waste, urbem.'. 2. Trop., to demolish, destroy, domos, Trop., to consume, corrode, impair, urbem, exercitum, agrum, etc.; also, to animos. extirpate, remove, aliquid ex animo, exemptus, a, um, part. of eximo. aliquem numero civium. ex-eog ii (rar. Ivi), Itum, ire, v. intr. and ex-cioX lvi or ii, itum, 4. v. tr. To call tr. To go out or forth, to go away, deout or forth, to bring out. 2. Trop., to part, ex urbe. 2. In partic., of troops, callforth, produce, cause; also, to rouse, to march out; of plants, to come ns, excite. sproutforth. 3. Trop., of time, to pass ex-cipiog cdpi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. (capio) away, expire; to stretch out, extend, To take or draw out. 2. To take out as supra mille' annos. II. Tr.. to go or pass an exception, to except, make an excep- beyond, limen, flumen. or trop., modum, tion of. 3. Idea of verb predom., to 2. To escape, avoid, ward off, tela. EXE 288 EXP ex-erceo7 ui, Itum, 2. v. tr. (arceo) To Of local succession, after that, next. 3. keep in action, keep busy, employ, exer- Of time, after that, then; of a succescise; w. an inanimate object, to work, sion of events, clfter that, then, next; 112workv at, employ one's self about; to en- (at.) = ex quo tempore,from that time, gage in, practice any employment; w. since then. choros, to lead; w. pacem et hymenaeos, exitidlis, e, adj. (exitium) Destructive, to celebrate. 2. Trop., to disturb, vex, fatal. disquiet, harass, torment, affict. exitium, ii, n. (exeo) Orig., a going exercitus ils, m. (id.) Practice, exer- out (obs.) 2. A going to naught, a cise. 2. Transf., concr., an exercised or perishing, ruin, destruction. disciplined body of men, an army; rar., exitus, iUs, m. (id.) A going forth, dein partic., a landforce, as opp. to a naval parture, egress. 2. Transf., concr., a force; also, infantry, as opp. to cavalry. place of egress, outlet, passage. 3. Trop., 3. Poet., in gen., a multitude, host, end, close, conclusion, termination; in crowld. partic., end of life, end, death; in gen., ex-hglo; Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. issue, result, event. To breathe out, exhale, evaporate, fumos; ex-opto, Rvi, Atum, 1. v. tr. To select trop., vitam. 2. Intr., to steamns, reek, or choose out; 2. To wish for or desire -apore. greatly, to long for. ex-haurio, hausi, haustum, 4. v. tr. exordium, ii, n. (ex-ordior) The beTo draw out, drain out, exhaust, of ginning or warp of a web in weaving liquids. 2. Transf., of things not (very rare). 2. Transf., in gen., a beliquid, to draw out or up, to take out, to ginning, commencement; in partic., of a remove, exhaust, empty. 3. Trop., to speech, an introduction. take away, remove: to exhaust, bring to ex-oriorj ortus, 3. and 4. v. dep. intr. an end, use up, wear out, homines To come out or forth, to spring up, rise, sumptu, vires, etc.; to undergo, endure sol. 2. Trop., to arise, spring up, apto the end, labores, bella. pear, proceed, begin, originate, ultor, ex-igo, egi, actum, 3. v. tr. (ago) To discordia. drive out or forth, thrust out, take or get ex-6ro; Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To entreat, out. 2. In partic., to put away or di- supplicate any one. 2. To move by envorce, uxorem; w. idea of term. ad treaty, prevail upon, persuade, aliquem. quem, to thrust, plunge, ensem or gladi- 3. To gain by entreaty, to obtain, pacem um in or per aliquem. II. Trop., to get divum. from some one, or seek to get, a debt, ex-5sus; a, um, part. (odi) Hating extaxes, or the performance of any duty; ceedingly, detesting. hence, to demand, claim, require, exact, ex-pedio vi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. (pes) collect. 2. To put or apply something Orig., to free the feet from a snare; to some standard or measure; hence, to hence, in gen., to extricate, disengage, measure, weigh, examine, try by any- unloose, liberate any thing. 2. Transf., thing. 3. Of time, to put away, dis- to bring out or forward, to provide, prepose of, spend, pass, finish; hence, also, pare, make ready, arma. 3. Trop., to 4. To bring to an end, conclude,finish, bring out, extricate, deliver from an complete any thing, S. (according to 2) evil, danger, difficulty, etc.; also, to put To weigh, ponder, consider; to consult, in order, arrange, set right; of speech, deliberate about some thing. to set forth, disclose, unfold, narrate, reexiguus, a, um, adj. (id. II. 2; hence, late. 4. Impers., expedit, it is profitlit., measured, exact; opp. to beyond able, useful, expedient. mleasure, abundant) Scanty, in number ex-pello, ptli, pulsum, 3. v. tr. To or measure, small, little, slight, trifling, drive out or away, thrust away, expel, Lto mean, poor, slender. and trop. ex-imo, -mi, emptum, 3. v. tr. (emo) ex-pendo, ndi, nsum, 3. v. tr. To To take out, take away, remove. 2. weigh out, weigh (rare); trop., to weigh Trop., to take away, remove, curas; to mentally, to consider, ponder, estimate, free, release from any thing; of time, to examine. 2. In partic., to weigh out consume, waste. money in payment;hence, to pay, lay out, ex-inde, and abbrev. exin, adv. Of expend (in making payments the ancient place, from there, thence (very rare). 2. weighed their gold and silver); trop., to EXP 289 EXS pay a penalty, to suffer, poenas; to pay expulsus, a, um, part. of expello. for, expiate, scelus. ex-quiro, sIvi, sItum, 3. v. tr. (quaero) ext-rior- pertus, 4. v. dep. tr. (obs. To search out or seek for diligently, papenlor, whence also peritus and pericu- cem, matrem; to inquire into, investilum) To try, prove, test any thing, to gate, to ask, iter, verum. ascertain its character. 2. In the perf. ex-sanguis; e, adj. Without blood, tenses, to have tried, tested, experienced, bloodless. 2. Transf., pale, wan. 3. to know by experience. 3. To try, at- Trop., powerless, weak, feeble. tempt, make trial of a thing, to ascertain exsstiiurblise, adj. (ex-saturo) That its success. may be satisfied, satiable. ex-pers, tis, adj. (pars) Having no part ex-scindo, Idi, issum, 3. v. tr. (Poet. or share in, not participating in, imperil. and lat.) To tear out; hence, to extir2. Transf., in gen., having nothing of, pate, destroy, urbem, hostem. destitute of,freefrom, without, alicujus. ex-sicror, atus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. expertus, a, um, part. and Pa. (expe- (sacro) To curse, execrate, wish evil to, rior) Act., having tried or experienced aliquem or aliquid; also, in aliquem. 2. any thing (w. gen.), juvenes belli. 2. Poet., to take a solemn oath with imPass., known by experience, tried, prov- precations. ed, tested, virtus. ex-s6quor, cfitus, 3. v. dep. tr. To ex-pleo, evi, etum, 2. v. tr. (obs. pleo, follow to the end, follow up or out, to to fill) Toflll up, fill full, fill. 2. Trop., follow. 2. Trop., to follow, accompany; to fill up, complete, finish, accomplish; to go after, pursue; in partic., to follow in partic., to satisfy, satiate, glut, ap- out, i. e., to accomplish, execute, perform, pease, avaritiam, animum; of a duty, to fulfill, jussa, vota; in speech, to go.fulfill, discharge, perform; of time, to through with, relate, describe, tell, say; complete, finish. to pursue with punishment, to punish, ex-plico, Avi and ni, atum or Itum, 1. avenge, injurias; to follow, submit to, v. tr. To unfold, unroll, unfurl, spread suffer, egestatem. out, undo, loosen. 2. Transf., as a con- ex-sero; rui, rtum, 3. v. tr. To stretch sequence of unfolding, to spread out, ex- out or forth, thrust out, put out. 2. tend, stretch out, aciem, cohortes, locum, Trop., to disclose, reveal, secreta. etc. 3. Trop., to set in order, disentan- exserto7 1. v. tr. intens. (id.) To stretch gle, arrange, regulate, settle, adjust; of out, thrust out or forth. speech, to develop, unfold, set forth, ex- exsertus, a, um, part. and Pa. (id.) plain, describe, state. Thrust out, protruding (esp. of parts of ex-plro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (ploro, to the body); hence, bare, uncovered, exwail; v. explore, in Webster's Dict.) To posed. search out, examine, investigate, explore. exsilium, ii, n. (ex-solum) A sending 2. In partic., in milit. lang., to spy out, away from one's native soil, banishment, reconnoitre. exile. 2. Transf. (poet. and lat.), a place ex-p6no, p6sui, p6sltum, 3. v. tr. To of exile. put, set, or place out, to expose. 2. In ek-solvo, solvi, s1fltum, 3. v. tr. To partic., to set on shore from a ship, to unloose, loosen, unbind, undo. 2. In land, disembark. 3. To leave unprotect- partic., to set free, release, deliver, vined, to expose, abandon, exercitum hosti. clis. 3. Trop., to undo, remove, set aside, 4. Trop., to set forth, lay before the lay aside, legis nexus, metum, pudorem, view; in partic., to set forth in words, etc.; in partic., to release, free from any to unfold, explain, expound, describe. thing, aliquem curls, poena, aere alieno; ex-poscos pbposci, -, 3. v. tr. To ask to discharge, pay a debt or obligation. earnestly, to beg, entreat, implore. 2. In ex-somnlis e, adj. (somnus) (Poet. and partic., to demand the deliverance of lat.) Sleepless, wakeful, watchful. some one for punishment, to demand, ex-sors7 tis, adj. Without lot or part require. in a thing, not sharing in, free from, deex-promo, mpsi, mptum, 3. v. tr. To prived of, alicujus rei. 2. Poet., that for take out or forth, fetch out, bring out or which no lot has been cast, not disposed forth. 2. Trop., to show forth, display, of by lot, chosen on purpose; hence, disclose, exhibit; in partic., of speech, to choice, distinguished, equus, honor. bring forth, utter, declare, state. exspectatus; a, um, Pa. (exspecto) EXS 290 EXU Anxiously expected, longed for, desired, and includes the lower intestines), the welcome. exta, those parts of sacrificial animals ex-specto axvi, atum, 1. v. tr. To look which were consulted in divination. out for something. 1. Subjectively, to extemplo, adv. (= ex-tempulum, dim. hope for, long for, expect; to fear, ap- of tempus) Immediately, Jorthwith. prehend, anticipate. 2. Objectively, to I ex-tendo, di, tum or sum, 3. v. tr. To await, wait for any coming event. 3. stretch or spread out, to extend, stretch, Poet., to linger, tarry, delay, Carthag. lit. and trop. ine. exter or exterus, a, um, adj. (ex) ex-spergo, -, sum, 3. v. tr. (spargo) On the outside, outward, foreign. 2. (Poet.) To scatter abroad, disperse. 2. Comp., exterior, outer, outward, exteTransf., to besprinkle, limina sanie. I ror. 3. Sup., cxtrimus and extimus, exspersus, a, um, part. of id. see below. ex-spiro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. externus; a, um, adj. (exter) OutTo breathe out, exhale, flammas; to give ward, external. 2. In partic., in reout, emit, odorem. II. Intr., to lush out, spect to one's family or country, forburst forth, ignes. 2. To breathe one's eign, strange; subs., a stranger. last, expire, die. 3. Trop., to expire, ex-terreo uli, itum, 2. v. tr. Tofrightcome to an end, cease, libertas. en suddenly and greatly, to strike with ex-stinguo, nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. (stin- terror, frighten, terrify. guo, to quench) To put out, quench, ex- extmus, see extremus. tinguish completely, ignem. 2. Trop., extorris, e, adj. (ex-terra, like exsul, in gen., to destroy, abolish, annihilate, fr. ex-solum) Driven from the country, aliquem, pudorem. exiled, banished. ex-sto, 1. v. intr. To stand out orforth, extras prep. and adv. (contr. fr. exto project, to stand above. 2. Trop., to tera, sc. parte) Prep. w. acc., outside be visible, to appear; to be extant, to ex- of, without, beyond, muros. 2. Transf., ist, leges. except, ea. II. Adv., on the outside, with. exstructus, a, um, part. and Pa. (ex- out. struo) Piled up; hence, raised, elevated, extremus, a, um, adj. (sup. of exter) lofty (rar.). Outerzmost, utmost, extreme, of space. ex-struo xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To pile or 2. Trop., of time or order of succession, heap up. 2. In partic., to build up, erect, the latest, last; of quality or degree, exrear, raise, toros, urbem. treme, both in the highest and lowest ex-sul, filis, c. (solum) One who leaves, grade: (1) the utmost, highest, greatest; or is banished from, his native soil, an (2) the worst, lowest, vilest. The other exile, wanderer. rare form, extimus, only of space, as the ex-sulto, avi, Rtum, 1. v. intens. intr. lit. signification of extremus. (salio, to leap) To spring, leap, or jump ex-uo, ui, Otum, 3. v. tr. (perhaps for up. II. Trop., to move freely, to revel, to exduo = iK;iw) To draw out or qo, to expatiate in speaking or writing. 2. In put off, to lay aside, ensem, alas; poet., partic., to rejoice, exult; to be greatly ex- to strip, lay bare, lacertos. 2. Transf., cited, to revel; to vaunt, boast. in gen., to strip, despoil, deprive of any ex-sfip6ro, avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and thing, hostem castris. 3. Trop., to lay tr. To mount up, tower above; trop., to aside, cast qo, remove, divest one's self' get the upper hand, to overcome, prevail. of any thing, mores, humanitatem, etc. II. Tr., to project or rise above any thing, ex-firo, ussi, ustum, 3. v. tr. To burn to suvrount, ulmos; to go or pass be- up, consume. 2. Poet. and lat., to dry yond, jugum, amnem; trop., to surpass, up, to parch, agros. 4. Trop., to conexceed; also, to overpower, overcome. sunme, destroy. ex-surgo, surrexi, -, 3. v. intr. To exutus, a, um, part. of exuo. rise up, rise, stand up. eexuviaey arum, f. (exuo) What is taken exta, 0rum, n. The nobler internal or- from a body, clothing, arms, etc. 2. In gans of the body (the heart, lungs, liver, partic., spoils taken from an enemy; etc.; viscera is used in a more gen. sense also, the skin of an animal. FAB 291 FAS lit (me), I am mistaken; of a promise, 1Fo. obligation, etc., to violate, break; abs., to deceive iln sweariigy, to swear Jfalsely. fabricator, Oris, m. (fabrico) An artif- 2. To escape the notice of; to escape, to J. icer, Jyarnser, maker, contriver. be unobserved by any one; also abs. Z'abriciusy ii, m. A RSomant leander cele- Freq., impers., fallit me, it escapes one, brated for his frugality and integrity, is unknown to me, I do not know. 3. and especially for his noble conduct to- Of time or something disagreeable, to wards Pyrrhus. cause to pass unnoticed, to beguile, to fabricor, atus, dep., or fabricop avi, alleviate. 4. Poet., to assume or imitate atum, 1. v. tr. (faber, a workman) To deceitfully, to counteifeit. make anything of wood, stone, metal, falsus7 a, um, Pa. (id.) False, decepetc., to franze, forge, build. 2. In gen., tive, pretended, counterfeit, spurious, to make, form, fashioen, prepare. feigned, fancied. fgcesso, cessi or cessivi, situm, 3. v. falx, falcis, f. A sickle, scythe. 2. Transf., intens. tr. (facio) To do eagerly or ear- a military implement shaped like a sickle, nestly, to accomplish, execute, perform a hook. (poet.). 2. Esp., in a bad sense, to create, fanma, ae. f. (4Oin) A saying, report, rucause, occasion anything unpleasant or mor, common talk. 2. Public opinion, evil. 3. Intr., to cepart, go away, take the voice of the people; in partic., the one's self qoff, ex urbe. reputation of a person, gen. in a good facies, Mi, f. (prob. fr. facio) External sense, reputation, renown, fame; rarely form, make, figure, shape. 2. In par- in a bad sense, ill fanse, infamy, scantic., the face, countenance, visage; poet., dal. 3. Personified as a goddess. a beautiful face, beauty. 3. Trop.form, fmes7 is, f. Hunger. 2. Transf., famshape, condition, look, appearance, as- ine; in gen., indigence, poverty. 3. pect. Trop., violent longing for anything, facilis, e, adj. (facio) That maybe done, greed, hunger, thirst, auri. easy to do, easy. 2. Transf., of persons, famula, ae, f. (fr. the Oscan famel, a ready, quick, prompt. 3. Of character, slave) A female servant, smaid-servant. easy, good-natured, submissive; cour- famiilus, i, m. (id.) A slave, servant, teous, affable. 4. Of fortune, propitious, attendant. favorable. fandum, i, n. (for) (Poet.) That which facio, feci, factum, 8. v. tr. and intr. To may be said, the right. make, in the widest sense; to do, per- far5 farris, n. Spelt, a kind of grain, the form, effect, prepare, produce, cause, earliest food of the Romans. 2. Coarse commit, bring to pass. 2. In partic., to meal, in gen. make a person or thing something (w. a fas, indel. n. (for) What is imposed by double object); to esteem, value a per- divine law; hence, divine law, a sacred son or thing in any manner; in speech duty or obligation. 2. In gen., what is or writing, to make, represent, facit Soc- right, proper, allowed, permitted. Cf. ratem dicentem; to pretend, feign; to jus. assume, suppose; esp., in contr. impera- fascis, is, m. A bundle, packet, parcel. tive fac, suppose, grant; of a trade or 2. Plur., the fasces, a bundle of rods profession, to practice, follow; in relig. with an axe in the middle, carried by lang., to perform a relig. ceremony, to lictors before the chief magistrates, partoffer sacrifice, to sacrifice. II. Intr., w. ly for executing their judgments, partly adverbs, to do or act in any manner. as an ensign of their authority. 3. Me2. Facere cum or ab aliquo, to side with ton., for a high office; esp., the consulone, act or take part with one (opp. to ship. facere contra aliquem). 3. To be good, fastigium ii, n. (fastus-ago) The top serviceable, fit, proper for any thing. of a gable, a gable-end of a building; factum, i, n. (part. of id.) Any thing also, a battlement, turret, and in a more done, a deed, action. gen. sense, the top, summit, pinnacle, fallax acids, adj. (fallo) Deceitful, falla- roqf of a building. 2. In gen., the highcious. est point, the top, summit of any thing. fallo, fdfelli, falsum, 3. v. tr. (kindr. w. 3. A slope, descent, declivity (from the ac,;AAkw) To deceive, cheat; impers., fal- j sloping form of the gable). 4. Trop., FAS 292 FER the highest point or degree, top, summit; fertile, productive. 2. Transf. (poet.), summa rerum f. (poet.), principal points rich in any thing,full of, abounding in; of events; in gen., dignity, rank, posi- also, fertilizing, making fertile, Nilus. tion. 3. Trop., fertile, prolific, rich, abunfastus, ds, m. Haughtiness, arrogance, dant, etc. scIorn, disdlainl. felixp Icis, adj. (id.) Fruitful, producfiatilis, e, adj. (fatum) Of fate or des- tive. 2. Transf., act., auspicious,favortiny, ordained by fate, destined, fated, able, propitious, omen; pass., happy, allotted. 2. (Poet. and lat.).Fatal, de- fortunate, vir. stroctizve, deadly, monstrum. S fe-mina ae, f. (id.; hence, the fruitful iAteor; fassus, 2. v. dep. tr. (kindr. w. one) female, a woman. 2. Of aniOaow, fari) To confess, own, acknowl- mals, thefemale. edge, verum. 2. In gen., to indicate, femineusS a, um, adj. (id.) Of a declare. woman, feminine. 2. Womanish, effitigo, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (obs. fatim, feminate, unmanly. sufficiently, and ago; hence, to drive fenestra7 ae, f. (kindr. w. air(vw, a) vep(o) sufficiently) To weary, tire, fatigue, ex- An aperture in a wall to admit light, a haust by exercise; to vex, disturb. 2. window; in gen., an opening. Trop., to exhaust; to vex, harass, tor- firaq ae, f. (ferus) A wild beast. ment, disturb; w. sociol, to rouse; w. ferilis, e, adj. Of or belonging to the aliqdem prece, to importune. dead, funereal; or to the annual festival f~atisco, 3. v. intr. (Poet. and lat.) To of the dead, called Feralia, ium, n., celeopen in chinks or clefts, to split or gape brated annually in February. 2. Transf., open, to fall apart, tumble to pieces. 2. deadly,fatal, bellum. Trop., to grow weak, to become exhausted, fere, adv. (fero) Nearly, almost, about, to droop, faint. hora fere tertia, f. tota, f. aequalis, etc. fitum, i, n. (for) A prophetic declara- 2. Quite, entirely, just; jam fere, just tion, a prophecy, prediction, oracle. 2. now; w. neg., not quite, scarcely, hardly. Transf., what is ordained by the gods, 3. Of time, generally, usually, comfate, destiny; in partic., ill fate, evil monly. destiny, misfortune, and esp., death. f~retrumn i, n. (tepeTpov, fero) A handfauces, ium, f. The upper part of the barrow; in partic., a bier. gullet; hence, meton., the gullet, throat; firinus7 a, um, adj. (feruns) Of or bemay oftenbe translatedjaws. 2. Transf., longing to wild beasts; whence, subs., of places, a narrow way or pass, a pass, ferina (sc. caro), ae, f., the flesh of wild defile; poet., a chasm, terrae. animals, game. faveo, fivi, fautum, 2. v. intr. To be firiog 4. v. tr. To strike, smite, knock, favorable, well disposed or inclined to- thrust, cut; poet., to hit, touch, reach, ward, tofavor, befriend, w. dat. 2. Abs., sidera vertice. 2. To kill by striking, to be propitious; to applaud; in relig. acts to slay, kill; in partic., to slay a sacrifior ceremonies, to take care in speaking, cial animal, and esp. in making a treaty for the sake of a good omen; hence, to or compact; whence is transf. foedus speak only words of good omen, or to keep ferire, to strike a treaty, to make a comstill, be silent, favete linguis. pact, covenant or treaty. favilla, ae, f. (prob. fr. ao&), to shine) fCros tftli, latum, ferre, v. irreg. tr. (kindr. Glowing ashes or cinders, embers. (w. 4dpw) To bear, carry a burden, etc.; favor, oris, m. (faveo) Favor, good-will. trop., to bear something disagreeable, to 2. Applause, acclamation. endure, suffer, injurias, laborem, etc.; fax7 ficis, f. A torch, made of pine or impetum hostium, to sustain. II. In some other resinous wood. 2. Transf. partic., w. idea of motion predom., to (as torches were used at weddings), a carry, take or bring any thing to any wedding, marriage. 3. The light of the place or person, to take, lead, direct, heavenly bodies or meteors; in partic. bring, present, offer, give, grant; w. se, (poet.), a fiery train of a meteor. 4. to bear, betake or present one's self; Trop., any thing that inflames or in- trop., to raise in words, to exalt, extol; cites, a flame, incitement, stimulus, etc. w. se, to exalt one's self, to boast. 2. fecundus, a, um, adj. (fr. obs. feo, Of productions, to bear, yield, produce. whence also fetus, femina). Fruitful, 3. To bring forward, show, exhibit, do FER 293 FIL lorem; to propose, legem. 4. To bring 2. Concr., offspring, young, brood, psoforward in speech or writing, to relate, geny; of plants, fruit, produce; poet., report, declare, say, assert. 5. Of ab- the shoot, branch of a tree. stract subjects, to require, demand. III. fibra; ae, f. A fibre, filament in a plant To carry, take or bring from any place or animal body. 2. Transf. (poet. and or person, to bear away, carry off; to lat.), entrails, in gen. obtain, get, receive. Trop., in nearly all fibfilaj ae, f. (contr. fr. figibula, fr. figo) senses. A clasp, buckle, pin, brace, band. fbrox7 ocis, adj. (ferns) Like a wildbeast, fictus, a, um, Pa. (fingo) Febigu!d, prewild. 1. Generally in a bad sense, tended,false. 2. Of persons,f?-dse. disfierce, untamable, ferocious, headstrong, sembling. Subs., fictum, i, n., dcicption, insolent. 2. In a good sense (rare), falsehood. courageous, bold, warlike. ~ ridena; ae, f. (more freq. in pl., Fidenae, ferrdtus7 a, um, adj. (ferrum).Fur- Arum) An ancient town of the Sabines, nished, covered or shod with iron, iron- a few miles north of Rome. clad, iron-bound. fidens, entis, Pa. (fido) Confident, bold. ferreus, a, um, adj. (id.) Made of iron, fides, ei, f. (id.) Confidence in any one, iron. 2. Trop., hard-hearted, unfeel- faith, trust, credit, reliance. 2. Transf., ing, cruel; firm, vigorous, immovable, of that which produces confidence,faithunyielding, rigid. fulness, honesty, probity; of things, credferrugineus, a, um, adj. (ferrugo, ibility, truth. 3. An assurance that proiron-rust, fr. ferrum) Iron-colored; duces confidence, apromise, engagement, hence, in gen., dusky, sable. pledge, word. 4. A promise of protecferrum, i, n. Iron. 2. Transf., any tion; hence, in gen., protection, security, thing made of iron, a sword, an axe, assistance, help. 5. Personified, as a the iron head or point of a. spear, etc. goddess. f~russ a, um, adj. (h)ip, Aeol. for O6p) fldes, is, and mostly in pl., fIdes, ium, Wild, untamed; subs., ferus, i, m. f. (as(bi&) A string of a musical instru(poet.), a wild beast, a beast; also, fera, ment. 2. Transf., in gen., a striiged ae, f. v. sup. 2. Trop., wild, savage, instrument, a lyre, lute, guitar. fierce, cruel; rude, uncultivated. fido7 fisus, 3. v. intr. (kind. w. Tre0&w) ferveo7 bui, 2. or fervo7 vi, 3, v. intr. (Mostly poet.) To put confidence in, con(kindr. w. Oepwo) To be hot, to boil, to fide in, trust; w. an infinit., to dare, yenglow. 2. Poet., to be agitated, to boil ture. up, foam, rage, roar, mare, a swarm of fldiicia7 ae, f. (id.) Trust, confidence, bees, etc. 3. Trop., of an emotion, etc., reliance, assurance. 2. Self-confidence, to glow, burn, rage, to be agitated; opus courage. 3. Property entrusted as a fervet, the work glows, i. e., goes brisk- pledge and to be returned, a deposit, ly on. pledge, mortgaqe. fessus, a, um, Pa. (kindr. w. fatigo, fa- fidus, a, um, adj. (id.).Faithful, trusty, tisco) Wearied, tired, fatigued, ex- reliable. 2. Transf., of things, trusthausted, weak,feeble; fessae res, critical, worthy, sure, safe. desperate. figo, xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To fix, fasten, festinmo avi, Atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. makefast; to fix or fasten up/; w. vesTo hasten, make haste. 2. Tr., to make tigia, to fix or plant one's steps, i. e., to haste with a thing, to hasten, accelerate, walk, move on; w. oscula, to impr'int. hasten to perform any thing. 2. Transf., to transfix, pierce. 3. Trop., festus, a, um, adj. Festive, festival, tofix,fasten, establish, cogitatione, muosolemn, tempus. Subs., festum, i, n. dum, etc. (poet.), afestival, holiday. figiirap ae, f. (fingo) The figule, h:/ape, fetus, a, um, adj. (part. of obs. feo, form of a body. 2. Poet., a s/made, whence fecundus) Filled with young, phantom of the dead. 3. Trop., quallity, pregnant. 2. Transf., fertile, produc- kind,form, nature, manner. tive, fruitful; filled with, armis. 3. filius7 ii, m. A son; in pl. children, That has brought forth, newly deliv- in gen. ered. filums i, n. (kindr. w. fibra) A thread f.tus7 fis, m. (id.) A bringing forth, of any thing woven; in partic., a priest's bearing of young; of birds, a hatching. fillet; the thread of life spun by the fates. FIM 294 FLO 2. Trop.,form, shape, outline of an ob- The thong of a javelin. 3. A shoot or ject (the allusion being to woven fig- branch of a tree, esp. a vine. ures); also, texture, quality, style. flagito, avi, atum, 1. v. intens. tr. (root fimus, i, ma. The excrement of animals, flag, whence flagro) To urgently ask or ordure, manure; poet. for dirt, mire. demand any thing; w. a personal object, findo, fidi, fissum, 3. v. tr. To cleave, to importune, dun, press one for any split, divide, lignum; trop. (poet and thing. rar.), to divide, separate, mensem. flagro, avi, atum, 1. v. intr. To burn, fingo, finxi, fictum, 3. v. tr. To form, blaze, flame.'. Trop., to be iflamned shape,fashion, make. 2. In partic., of with passion (in a good and bad sense), wolrks of art, toformn, mould, model; w. to burn, glovw; to be affected by any evil, notion of arranging, adorning, etc., to to suffer from it. put in ordelr, arrange; to adorn, dress, flamenp inis, n. (flo, to blow) A blowtrim, comas, etc.; w. vultum, to alter, ing, blast, esp. of the wind. 2. Coner., disguise. II. Trop., in gen., to form, a gale, wind. make. 2. In partic., w. a double predi- flamma, ae, f. (flagma, fr. root flag, cate, to make one anything, f. te hominem whence flagro, flagito) A fuiame, a blazmagnum, f. aliquem mendacem. 3. ing fire, a blaze; in gen.,fire; poet. for To form by instruction, to instruct, a torch, a lightning-flash, etc. 2. Trop., teach. 4. To form in one's mind, to the flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, imagine, conceive, think, suppose; to flame, fire, passion, ardor; also, a decontrive, devise, invent,feign something vouring flame, threatening danger, f. (esp. untrue). belli civilis, invidiae f., etc. finis7 is, m. (rar. f.) A boundary, limit flammo, a-vi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (natural-cf. terminus). 2. Transl., in (id.) Intr. (poet. and only in pres. part.), pi., borders, and hence, territory, land, to flame, blaze. 2. Tr., to inflame, set onL country, within certain boundaries. II. fire (lit. and trop.). Trop., a limit, bound. 2. Transf., an f fltus7 fis, m. (flo, to blow) A blowing end, conclusion; in partic., end of life, of the wind, a breeze. 2. A breathing; death; the end or chief design of any a snorting. 3. Trop., a breath, breeze, thing, purpose; the end of an ascend- fortunae; inflation, haughtiness. ing series, the highestpoint, the extreme, fldveo, are. v. intr. (flavus) (Poet.) To the summit. be yellow or golden; part. flavens, golfinitimus, a, um, adj., (id.) Neighbor- den. ing, bardering upon, adjoining (of re- fl.ivus, a, um, adj. Golden-yellow, yelgions). 2. Subs., finitimi, Orum, m., low, light-colored, flaxen-colored, aurum, neighboring people, neighbors. 3. Trop., coma. bordering upon, connected with, related flecto, xi, xum, 3. v. tr. and intr. (kindr. or allied to, similar to. w. plecto, and 7rAkeKw) To bend, bow, fio, factus sum, fMIri, 3. v. intr. (kindr. curve, turn; to direct, guide, turn, curw. gbo and fui) To become. 2. To rum, equum, etc. 2. Trop., to turn, bend, happen. 3. Pass. of facio, to be direct, in gen.; in partic., to bend in made. opinion or will, to move, persuade, prefirmo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (firmus). To vail upon. II. Intr., to turn, go, snarch make firm, to strengthen, fortify, support. any where. 2. Trop., to confirm, strengthen, secure; fleo, flevi, fletum, 2. v. intr. and tr. to make durable or permanent; in par- (WAiw and kindr. w. fluo) Intr., to sweep, tic., to encourage, animate. 3. Trop., cry. 2. Tr. (poet. and lat.), to weepfor, to confirm, corroborate, show, prove; to bewail, lament. declare, assert. fletus, fis, m. (id.) A weeping, lamentafirMnus7 a, um, adj. Firm, strong, stable.! tion, tears; poet. for a tearful or mourn2. Trop..firm, immovable, steadfast, con- ful message. stant, inflexible, resolute. flexilis, e, adj. (flecto) Flexible, pliant. fissilis, e, adj. (findo) That may be 2. Bent, curved (rar.). split, fissile. florens, entis, Pa. (floreo) Blooming, fixus, a, um, part. of figo. flourishing. 2. Shining, glittering, fingellum, i, n. A whip, scourge; a bright. 3. Trop., flourishing, prosperwhip for driving horses or cattle. 2. ous.fine, excellent. FLO 295 FOR fl6reo, ui, -, 2. v. intr. (flos) To bloom, ily; poet. for a funeral pile; also, an blossom, flower. 2. Trop., to flourish, altar. be in a prosperous condition, etc. f6diop fodi, fossum, 3. v. tr. To dig. 2. flreusp a, um, adj. (id.) Of flowers, To dig out or up. 3. To dig through, to made of flowers. 2. Flowery, rura, pierce, prick, stab, calcaribus. pratum. foede, adv. (foedus) Foully, horribly; flos, oris, m. (kindr. w. c6Ao) A flower, I trop., disgracefully, shamefully. blossom. 2. Transf., the juice of a foedog avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (foedus) To flower; the first down of the beard. 3. makefoul, filthy, or hideous, to defile, polTrop., the highest part, the top, crown lute, disfigure, mutilate, deformi.'. of anything; the best part; also, the best Trop., to disgrace, dishonor, stain, glokind of anything, the best, the flower, riam, etc. crown, ornament; of speech, a flower, foedus, a, um, adj. Foul, filthy, horriornamnent. ble, abominable, loathsome, detestable, disfluctuo7 avi, Mtum, or fluctuor, Mtus, graceful, shameless. dep. 1. v. intr. (fluctus) To move like foedus, 6ris, n. (kindr. w. fidus) A league, waves, to wave, undulate, move to andfro. treaty, alliance; in private life, a cove2. Trop., to be restless, unquiet; to waver nant, agreement, contract; poet., a law. in one's purpose, to vacillate, fluctuate. f6liumn ii, n. (kindr. w. 4kAAov) A leaf. fluctus as, mn. (fluo) A waving or stream- fomesp itis, m. (foveo) Kindling-wood, ing motion, a flowing (rar.). 2. Concr., tinder, fuel. a wave, billow, surge; poet. for water or fons, fontis, m. (fundo) A spring, founthe sea in gen. 3. Trop., an unquiet state, tain. 2. Transf., poet., spring-water, a commotion, disturbance, trouble. and water, in gen. 3. Trop., source, orifluentum, i, n. (id.) (Poet. and lat.; gin, cause. usually pl.) Flowing water, a stream, for7 fVtus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. (kindr. fJood. W. waow, 4,ri) (Mostlypoet.) To speak, fluidusp a, urn, adj. (id.) Flowing, fluid. say. 2. In partic., to foretell, prophesy. 2. Trop., flowing down, loose, vestis; f6re and f6remp = futurus esse and soft, weak, languid, corpora, frondes. essem (v. sum). flulto, avi, Ltum, 1. v. intens. intr. (id.) f6risp is, f. (perh. from Opa)' A door, To float, swim, or sail about on the wa- gate; in pl., the two folds of a door. ter. 2. Transf., to move like waves, to formap ae, f. (eopg),) Form (more gen. wave, undulate. 3. Trop., to waver, hesi- than facies, figura, species, statura, and tate, be uncertain. gen. regarded aesthetically with respect flumen, inis, n. (id.) A flowing of water. to beauty, consideration, repute, etc.), 2. Concr., any flowing or running mass figure, shape; in partic., a fine form, of water, a stream, flood, and in partic., beauty; an image, figure. 2. The form a river. 3. Transf., of other things that after which any thing is modelled, a flow in streams, as rain, tears, blood, model, pattern, stamp, form. 3. Trop., etc., a stream, flood, torrent. 4. Trop., in gen., shape, form, nature, kind, of speech, a flow, fluency. sort. fluo, xi, 3. v. intr. (kindr. w. Xvtoi, formica7 ae, f. (lv3ptkft, Aeol. for jlVpalft) Awo) To flow. 2. Transf., of bodies, to An ant, emnet. overflow with any thing, to drop, drip, formido, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. cruore; to move in the manner of fluids, To fear, dread any thing; to be afraid, to flow, stream, pour, comae, vestes, terrified. odores, etc.; to flow or pass away, fall formido inis, f. (id.) Dread, terror; away, vanish. II. Trop., of abstract ob- poet., religious awe. 2. Transf., concr., jects, to flow, proceed, arise, spring, ora- that which produces dread, a terror, hartio, nomen; also, to flow or pass away, ror; in partic., a scarecrow. vanish. fornix, icis, m. An arch, vault. 2. A fluiviilis, e, adj. (fluvius) Of a river, brothel, bagnio (because in a vault under river. ground). fliurius, ii, m. (diuo) A river. 2. Run- fors, fortis, f. (fero; lit. what brings ning water, a stream. itself) Chance, hap, lucck. 2. Adv., fors, f6cus, i, m. (akin to foveo) A fire-place, ellipt. for fors sit, perchance, perhaps; hearth; freq. transf. for a house, faim- also, abl.. forte, by chance; connected FOR 296 FRE with si, nisi, ne, to denote uncertainty, crush, grind. 2. Trop., to break, bend, perhaps, perchance. weaken, subdue, dishearten; to soften, forsan, adv. (contr. fr. forsitan) (Mostly move. poet.) Perhaps, possibly. frater7 tris, m. (kindr. w. 4pcaT-rp) A forsltan% adv. (fors sit an) Perhaps, brother. 2. Transf., for a near relapossibly. tive; an intimate friend; an honorary fortis, e, adj. (fero) Strong, vigorous, title of allies. stoput, physically. 2. Mentally, bold, brave, frdternus7 a, um, adj. (frater) Brotherly, valiant, courageous, energetic. fraternal, friendly. orituaiiz, ae, f. (fors) Chance, fate, for- fraudo aBvi, atllm, 1. v. tr. (fralus) To tune. 2. In partic., with secunda or cheat, defraud, deceive. 2. To take away adversa understood, good fortune, good by fraud, embezzle, purloin. luck, prosperity; misfortune, adversity. fraus, fraudis, f. Fraud, deceit, dishonAlso, personified, the goddess of for- esty, treachery. 2. Pass., a being detune, Fortuna. 3. Situation, condition, ceived, a delusion, error, nzistake. 3. state, lot. 4. Transf., concr., property, An evil deed, offence, crime. 4. Damage, possessions, fortune. injury, detriment, caused by fraud or fortini; tus, a, um, Pa. (fortuno, to delusion. make prosperous, fr. id.) Prosperous, fraxineus, a, um, adj. (fraxinus, an ashfortunate, happy, blessed. 2. In partic., tree) Of ash-wood, ashen. rich, wealthy. fr.mitus, is, m. (fremo) A dull roarf6rum; i, n. (kindr. w. forus, foris, fero; ing, a murmuring, muttering; a roarlit., what leads out of doors; hence, ing, loud noise, uproar, din; w. homitransf.) What is out of doors, an out- num, shouting, acclamation. side place or space, and in partic., a frnmo, ui, itum, 3. v. intr. and tr. (/3piew) public place (opp. to the house), a mar- To make a dull, murmuring or roaring ket-place, forum, where public affairs noise, to roar, murmur, hum, howzl, rage; were discussed, judicial proceedings and to shout, and in partic., to shout or nsurmonetary transactions carried on. At mur assent, to applaud, cuncti DardaniRome the forum Romanum, or abs., fo- dae; of places, to resound, ring. 2. Tr., rum, was a long, open space between to murmur or growl at, to murmur somethe Capitoline and Palatine hills, sur- thing, to shout something, or for somerounded by colonnades and the shops of thing. money changers. 2. Transf., in various fr5no, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (frenum) To ways, for the business of the forum. furnish with a bridle, to bridle. 2. Trop., Mfrus, i, m. (id.) A gangway in a ship. to bridle, curb, check, restrain. 2. A row of seats in a theatre or circus. frenum, i, n. (more freq. in the pl., and ~6veo, fovi, fOtum, 2. v. tr. To warnm, then sometimes freni) A bridle, bit, curb, keep warm. 2. Transf., to cherish, fos- rein. 2. Trop., a bridle, curb, restraint; ter; in partic., of the body, to foment in pl., the reins of dominion. diseased parts; to caress, fondle, em- frbquens, entis, adj. That often takes brace; mentally, to cherish, caress, fa- place, often, frequent. 1. Of persons, uor, support, partes, spem. that is often at a place, or that often does fractus7 a, um, Pa. (frango) Broken; a thing, often, frequent, assidutouts. 2. hence, weakened, disheartened, feeble, Of things,frequently occurring, frequenit, faint. repeated, common. 3. Transf., to a mulfrggor, Oris, m. (id.) A breaking to titude, assesmbled in great znumbers, nupieces (very rar.). 2. Transf. (poet. and merous, in crowds, full. 4. Of places lat.), a crashing, a crash, din; in par- filled with a multitude, crowded, filled, tic., the thunder of applause. frequented. fragrov avi, -, 1. v. intr. (Poet. and lat.) frbquento, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To To emit a smell, to smell of any thing; visit or resort to frequently, to frequent, gen. of a pleasant smell, to emit fra- aliquem, domum alicujus; to do or make grance, be fragrant. Fragrans, antis, use of frequently, to repeat, aliquid. 2. Pa., sweet-scented, fragrant. Tofill with a great szmber or w t'!itude, frango, frogi, fractum, 3. v. tr. (kindr. to crowd, people, stock a place, to occupy w. k)fyvvwE) To break, break to pieces. in multitudes. 3. To visit in great numdash to pieces; to break up small, to bers, to frequent, esp., a festival; hence, FRE 297 FUL to celebrate or keep in great numbers. 4. frustro, are (id.) To deceive, disappoint, To assemble or bring together in great trick, spes eum. 2. Transf. (lat. and numbers. rar.), to make vain or useless, to frusfr6tum7 i, n., and fretus, fis, m. A trate. strait, sound, channel, frith; in partic., frustum, i, n. (kindr. w. frango) A the straits of Sicily. 2. Poet. for the sea, piece, bit, lit., of food; but transf., in in gen. gen., a little piece. fretus, a, um, adj. Trusting to, relying frux, frfigis, and more freq. pl., fruges, or depending on, w. abl. um, f. (fruor) Fruits of the earth (to be frigeo, ere, v. intr. (frigus, rigeo, )piaao, I enjoyed), produce of the field, esp. pule; jbyew) To be cold, to be stiff with cold; in partic., grain; also, poet., what is part. frigens, said of one stiff and cold, made of grain, e. g., meal. 2. Trop., i. e., dead. 2. Trop., to be frigid, inac- fruit, result, success, value; dat. frugi tive; to stop, come to a standstill; in re- used as an adj., useful, fit, proper, good, spect to favor or estimation, to be coldly honest, worthy, virtuous,frugal. received or treated, disregqya ded (of per- fus7 i, m. A drone-bee. sons and things). ffiga ae, f. (4vyi) A fleeing, flight; in frigldus, a, um, adj. (id.) Cold, cool, partic., flight from one's native land, chili, frosty. 2. Trop., cold, inactive, exile, banishment. 2. Transf., in gen. without ardor or energy, dull, feeble; (poet.), a flying, swift course, speed. 3. frigid, without force or point, flat, in- Trop., a desire of avoiding any thing, a sipid, verba, jocus, homo. shunning, aversion; also, a means of esfrigus, Oris, n. (b~yo; w. digamma) Cold, cape. coldness; in partic., the cold of winter; fiigio, flgi, ftigitum, 3. v. tr. and intr. coldness of death; a cold shudder pro- (4evyw) Intr., to flee, flee away; to esduced by fear. 2. Trop., coldness in ac- cape, get off; to hasten away, pass quicktion, inactivity; coldness in behavior, ly, flee away, nubes, &c.; trop., to discoolness, indifference. appear, vanish. 2. Tr., to flee from, to frondeo, 2. v. intr. (frons) To have avoid, shun any thing; transf. (poet.), to leaves, to be leafy; part. frondens, hav- flee awayfrom, escape, evade, Acheronta; ing leaves on, leafy. trop., to escape, avoid; in partic., w. an frondesco, 3. v. inch. intr. (id.) To object. clause, to avoid, forbear, omit, putforth leaves, to shoot out. beware doing something; also freq., res frondeus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of or cov- me fugit, it escapes me, is unknown to ered with leaves, leafy. me, etc. frondasusp a, um, adj. (id.) (Poet.) Full fiigo, vi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To cause of leaves, leafy. to flee, put to flight, rout, drive or chase frons, dis, f. Leaves, foliage, a leafy away, disperse, hostes, nubes. branch or bough; poet. for a leafy gar- fulcio, fulsi, fultum, 4. v. tr. To prop land or chaplet. up, keep erect by props, to stay, support. frons, tis, f. The forehead, brow. 2. 2. Transf., to make strong or firm, to The brow as indicating feeling. 3. secure, to strengthen, invigorate by eatTransf., the fore part of any thing, the ing, &c. 3. Trop., to support, sustain, front. 4. Trop., the exterior, outside, uphold, cadentem rem publicam, etc. external quality, appearance. fulcrum7 i, n. (id.) The prop of a bed friimeiturmn i, n. (for frugimentum, fr. or couch, a bedpost, the foot of a couch. fruges, frux) Corn, grain. 2. Transf., meton., a bed, couch. fruor, fructus and frultus, 3. v. dep. intr. fulgeo, fulsi, -, 2. (poet. also fulgo, 3) To enjoy, take pleasure or delight in any v. intr. Toflash, to lighten. 2. Transf., thing, mostly w. abl. (more restricted in to flash, glitter, gleam, shine, lit. and signif. than utor, q.v.). 2. In legal trop. lang., to enjoy the use of, have the usu- fulgor, Oris, m. (id.) Lightning, aflash fruct of any thing. of lightning. 2. Glitter, gleams, brightfrustra, adv. (kindr. w. fraus) In a de- ness. 3. Trop., splendor, glory. renown. ceived manner, erroneously (ante-cl.) 2. fulmen, mis, n. (contr. fr. fulgimen, fr. Transf., in vain, to no purpose, without fulgeo) Lightning that strikes, a lighteffect. 3. TWithout reason, groundlessly. ning-flash, thunderbolt. 2. Trop., a frustror7 atus, 1. v. dep. tr., also act., thunderbolt, i. e., an irresistible power, FUL 298 GAU a shock, violent stroke; a great misfor- sonified, Furiae, the Furies, the three tune. goddesses of?vengeance, Alecto, Megaera, fulmineus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of or be- and Tisiphone. 3. Transf., in gen., belonging to lightning. 2. Trop., light- ings like the Furies, avenging or torning-like, destructive, murderous, ensis. menting spirits, furies. fulvus, a, urnm, adj. Deep yellow, reddish fiiribundus, a, um, adj. (id.) Furious, yellow, tawny. raging, mad. 2. Inspired. f~meus, a, umrn, adj. (fumus) Full of furiop avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (furiae) To smoke, smoky. madden, enrage. fiumop 1. v. intr. (id.) To smoke, fume, firo, ui, -, 3. v. intr. (id.) To rage, reek. rave, be mad or furious (of persons and fiumus7 i, m. Smoke, vapor, fume. things); freq. in part., furens, raging, fuinilis, e, adj. (funis) Of a cord or furious,frenzied, etc. rope. Subs., funale, is, n., a waxen fi'ror, oris, m. (id.) Fury, rage, madtorch (a cord dipped in wax). ness, frenzy; fierce passion of love. 2. fundimentumy i, n. (fundo) Afoun- I The inspired frenzy of a poet, prophet, ~dation, ground-work, basis, of a house, etc. etc. ffiror, atus, 1. v. dep. tr. (fur, a thief) funditus, adv. (fundus) From the very To steal, purloin. 2. Transf., in gen., bottom; hence, trop., completely, utterly, to secretly take away, withdraw. entirely. furtim, adv. (id.) Thievishly; but only fundo, ffidi, fflsum, 3. v. tr. To pour, trop., by stealth, secretly. pour out or forth, prop., of fluids. 2. furtivus, a, um, adj. (furtum) Stolen, Of things not fluid, to pour forth in pilfered. 2. Transf., secret, hidden, abundance, to scatter, spread, extend; clandestine, furtive, amor. in partic., to bring forth, produce in furtum, i, n. (fur, a thief) Theft. 2. abundance; also, to overthrow, prostrate, In concr., a stolen article. 3. A secret cast down; and in milit. lang., to over- action, artifice, stratagem; in partic., come, vanquish, rout. stolen or secret love, intrigue. fundo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (fundus) To fisus, a, um, part. and Pa. of fundo. lay the, bottomu or foundation of a thing. Poured forth; hence, spread out, ex2. Transf., poet., to make firm, to secure, tended. 2. Trop., of discourse or writfasten, ancora f. naves. 3. Trop., to ing, copious, comprehensive. found, establish, build, sedem, imperium. fundus, i, m. The bottom of any thing. G. 2. In partic., a piece of ground, a farm, estate. GMbii, 0rum, m. An ancient town of frinereusy a, um, adj. (funus) Of a fu- Latium. neral,funeral; transf., deadly,fatal. Gaetfilusp a, um, adj. Of the Gaetuli, fungor, functus, fungi, v. dep. intr. To a people of Northern Africa, Gaetulian. occupy one's self with, to be engaged in galea, ae, f. A helmet (usually of any thing; to perform, do, execute, dis- leather). charge,fulfill, aliqua re (usually w. abl., Gallus, i, m. A Gaul. rar. w. acc.). 2. In partic., to discharge, Gganymrdesy is, m. (ravvsLjiiSs) A contribute, pay any thing due. son of Tros, who, on account of his Ofnis, is, m. A cord, rope, line. 2. beauty, was carried off by the eagle of Proverb., funem ducere or sequi, to lead Jove, to be cup-bearer of the gods, in or to follow the rope, i. e., to command place of Juno's daughter, Hebe. or to serve. Garamantesp urn, m. pl. (Fapa tavTes) funus, 3ris, n. (perh. fr. funis; lit., a A tribe in the interior of lVorthern Africa. line, procession) A funeral procession, Girimantisq idis, f. adj. Of the.funeral rites or obsequies, afuneral. 2. Garamantes, Garamantian. Transf., poet., a dead body, corpse. 3. gaudeo, gAvIsus sum, 2. v. semi. dep. Death, esp., violent death, murder. 4. intr. (kindr. w. yaio, -ynO t) To rejoice, to Trop., destruction, ruin, disaster. be glad or pleased; to be pleased with, fiuriae, arum, f. (furo) Violent passion, delight in any thing; poet., w. infin. rage, ftry, madness, frenzy. 2. Per- gaudium, ii, n. (id.) Joy, gladness; in GAZ 299 GLA partic., sensual delight or pleasure beasts (poet. and lat.), a race, herd, (rar.). brood, swarm. 3. More extended, a gaza, ae, f. (a Persian word; Gr. ycya.) race, nation, people. 4. In the genitive The royal treasure in Persia. 2. In partitive, gentium, like terrarum, in gen., treasure, riches, wealth. the world. G6la, ae, f. (rMCa) A city in Sicily genu fis, n. (kindr. vw.yorvv) A knee. named from the river on which it stood. genus, 3ris, n. (geno = gigno, yvero) gelidus, a, um, adj. (gelu, icy coldness) Birth, descent, origin; concr., those reIcy cold, very cold, icy. lated by birth, a race, stock, tribe, etc.; G6l6us, a, um, adj. (Gela) Of Gela, i inpartic., noble birth. 2. Transf. (poet.), Geloian. a descendant; also, collectively, degemlnus; a, um, adj. Twin-born, twin. scendants, posterity. 3. In gen., a class 2. In gen., paired, double, two-fold, of things united by birth or origin, a both, two. 3. Trop., like twins; hence, kind, sort, species; in partic., a tribe, similar, like, equal. nation, people. ginmitus, uis, m. (gemo) A sighing, germanus, a, um, adj. (germen, a bud groaning; a sigh, groan. 2. Of things or shoot) Of brothers and sisters who (poet.), a roaring, a roar. have the same parents, or at least the gemma; ae, f. (prob. kindr. w. y7wo, to same father, full, own. 2. Subs., gerbe full) A bud or eye of a plant. 2. manus, i, m., and germana, ae, f., afull Transf., a precious stone, a gem. brother or sister. 3. Of or belonging to g~mo nui, itum, 3. v. intr. and tr. (yEstw) brothers and sisters, brotherly, sisterly. To sigh, groan; poet., of things, to 4. Trop., genuine, true, real. groan, creak. 2. Tr., to sigh over, to gro, gessi, gestum, 3. v. tr. To bear bemoan, bewail, aliquid. I about with one, to bear, carry, wear, g6na7 ae, f. (usually pl.) A cheek, the I have any thing about one or on one's cheeks (prop., the upper part of the person (thus lit. mostly poet.). 2. In cheek, from the cheek-bones to the eyes). partic., to bear, bring forth; to bear to a 2. Poet., the eyes. place (rar.), saxa in muros. II. Trop., generp 6ri, m. A son-in-law; also, a in gen., to bear, have, cherish, entertain daughter's affianced husband. any sentiment, feeling, etc. 2. In pargeneratsorq Oris, m. (genero) An en- tic., w. se, to behave, conduct one's self, genderer, producer. act in any manner. 3. To carry on, genero, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (genus) To conduct, administer, perform, accombeget, to engender; to produce, bring plish, rem; w. bellum, to wage. forth; in pass., to spring, descendfrom. gestamenp inis, n. (gesto) That which g~nbtrix7 Icis, f. (genitor) She that is borne or worn, a burdens, load, acbrings forth, a mother. 2. Transf., she coutrement, equtipment, ornament. 2. that produces, a mother, producer, au- That in which anything is carried, a thoress, Aegyptus g. vitiorum. litter, sedan. gbniilis, e, adj. (Genius) Of or belong- gesto, avi, aitum, 1. v. intens. tr. (gero) ing to one's tutelar deity or genius. 2. To bear, carry, have about one. 2. Delightful, pleasant, joyous, festive, ge- Pass., to be carried about, i. e., to ride, nial, dies. drive, sail; also intr. in this sense. 3. gbnitorp Uris, m. (gigno) A begetter, Trop., to carry about, report, blab out. father, sire. G6tIcusp a, um, adj.(fr. Getae, a Thracian ginitus, a, um, part. of gigno. tribe on the Danube) Getan; poet. for GMnius, ii, m. (gigno) The tutelar deity Thracian. of a person or place, the genius; in par- gigno, genui, genltum, 3. v. tr. (yevvaw, tic., the spirit of' social pleasure, of yiyvroac) To beget, bear, bring forth good-living, etc. (both of male and female). 2. Of inani gens, gentis, f. (fr. geno, old form of mate objects, to produce. 3. Trop., to gpigno; what belongs together by birth produce, engender, create. or descent) A clan, embracing several glaciilis. e, adj. (glacies) Icy, frozen. families united by a common name and gllcies, ei, f. Ice. origin, and by particular religious rites glaucusy a, um, adj. (yAvaK6,s) (Poet. and (originally confined to the patricians). lat.) Bluish gray; of the color of water, II. Transf., a descendant (poet.). 2. Of green, greenish. GLA 300 GRA Glaucus; i, m. (r'AavKi) A fisherman PFull growzn, large, big,.great. 2. In who was changed into a sea-god. 2. partic.. of persons, grocvn sp, tall; of The leader of the Lycians in the Trojan age, advanced in years, old. 3. Trop., war. in gen., great, strongz, powefld; of style, gleba, ae, f. A lump or clod of earth. grand, lofty, sublime. 2. Transf. (poet.), land, soil, glebe. 3. grando inmis, f. Hail. Of other things, apiece, lump, nmass. grates; tibus, f. p. pl. (gen. and dat. wantgl6busq i, m. (kindr. w. glomus, a ball) ing) (gratus) Thanks given to any one, A globe, ball, sphere, orb. 2. Transf., a esp. to the gods. gluo"btar 7/I'S, a collection of things; in grstia, ae, f. (id.) That with which one partic., a crowtd or mass of people. is pleased; hence, grace, loveliness, agreegl6av-ro advi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (glomus, a ableness, charm, beauty. As a proper ball of thread, etc.) To gather into a name. Gratiae, drum, f. (Gr. X&ptCeT), the ball or rounzd heap, to glomerate. 2. Graces, the three (laughters of Jupiter Tranlf., of living beings, to gather into and Eurynomle: viz., Eupthroscyne, Aga round mass, to collect, press, crowd to- laia, and Thalia. 2. Favor one finds getr2er; pass., glomerari, in mid. sense, with others, regard, esteem, liking, fondto gather or flock together into a body. ness. 3. Favor one shows to another, gloria; ae, f. (kindr. w. clarus) Glory, nzarkh of favor, kindness, courtesy, serfaoyce, renown. 2. Transf., a thirst for vice; in partic., thanks, gratituyde for a. glory, anmbition.; also, vain-glory, boast- service rendered. 4. Abl. gratid, on acing. count of, for the sake of. gnatus = natus, fr. nascor. grdtor, fitus, 1. v. dep. intr. (gratus) Gndsius, a, um, adj. Of Gnosus, the (mostly poet. and lat. for gratulor) To ancient capital of Crete, Gnosian; poet. wish one joy, to congratulate one; to refor Ce-tan. joice. Gorgo or Gorgon% Wnis, f. (ropyuJ) A gratus, a, um, adj. (kindr. w-. carus, serpent-haired daughtesr of Phorcus, xapgc, xapwo) Pass., pleasinzg, accclptable, called also Medusa, whose head wtas cut agreeable, delightful, belor-ed, deai. 2. off by Perseus and presented to Minerva, Act., thankful, grateful; also, desesring whofixed it upon her shield. thanks. Gracchus, i, m. A Roman family grave6lens, entis, adj. (gravis-oleo, to name in the gens Sempronia. emit a smell) Strong-smelling. 2. IllgrAdiorg gressus, 3. v. dep. intr. (gradus) smelling, noisome, offensive. To step (esp. quietly and regularly); in gravldus, a, um, adj. (gravis) Prop., gen., to walk, go. burdened; hence, pregnant, cwith child, Gradivus, i, m. (id; he who steps forth) with young. 2. Trop. (poet.),full, filled, A surname of lars. loaded, heavy, w. abl. grAd us, fis, m. A step, pace. 2. Transf., gravis7 e, adj. (kindr. w. pap6s) hleavy, a station, position, ground taken by a weighty, ponderous; loaded, laden; in combatant, gladiator, &c.; trop., a firm partic., for gravidus, pregnRant.?. Trop., position or stand. 3. That on which of hearing or sound, deep, losw, base; of one steps, step, round of a ladder, a stair. smell or taste, strong, unpleasant, oqen4. Trop., a step, degree, in rank, age, sive; of the state of the body or health, tones, &c. burdened, sick, enfeebled, afflicted, noxGriii, 0rum, m. (older and mostly poet. ious. unwholesone; in gen., in a bad for Graeci) The Greeks. sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, Graius, a, um, adj. (id.) Grecian; hard, severe, grievous: in a good sense, subs., Grains, i, m., a Greek. of sweight, weighty, importaft, grace, Graifg6na, ae. m. (Graius-gigno) great: of character, eminent, venerable, (Poet.) A Grecian by birth, a G reek. revered. gramlenx inis, n. Grass. 2. Transf. grivlter adv. (id.) Heariy, weghtly. (poet.), a plant, herb. 2. Trop., weightily. imprexsiel~y, with gramiaeus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of grass, dignity; strongly, veheenetl.y. deeply; yrassy. harshly.?npleasantly, disagreeably. zith grarndaevus, a, um, adj. (grandis reluctance, chagrin, etc. aevum) Old, aged. gravo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To burgrandisp e, adj. (perh. kindr. w. cresco) den, load, weigh dozwn, oppress; trop., to GRE 301 HAS buirden, oppress; to aggravate. 2. Pass., 2. Trop., to hold in any light, i. e., to as dep., gravor, atus, to feel incom- regard, consider. modedl, vexed or annoyed at any thing; habilis. e, adj. (id.) Easily handled, to bear or do with reluctance, to be reluc- I handy; hence, light, convenient, suigatant. ble, adapted; expert, skillful. greinium7 ii, n. A lap. 2. Trop., the habfto7 avi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (ininterior, centre, heart of any thing. tens. of id.) To have frequently, to be gressusp a, urn, part. of gradior. wont to have. 2. In partic., to have posgressus aus, m. (id.) (Poet.) A stepping, session of, to inhabit a place. 3. Intr., going, gait; step, pace, way, course. to dwell, live, abide any where. 4. gret,$ grreis, m. J flock, herd, drove, Transf., to remain or stay any where: swlarmn of animals. 2. Transf., of men, to keep to, dwell upon a thing. a multitude, company, band, crowd, troop habitus, as, m. (habeo) The conditic:.z, (in a good and bad sense). plight, habit, appearance of the body. Gryneus, a, urnm, adj. (rpiVveoq) Of Gry- 2. Of places and things, appearance, asnia, a town in Aeolis with a temple of pect; in partic., dress, attire. 3. Trop., Apollo, Grynian. of abstract objects, condition, quality, giiberncfiilum, i, n. (guberno, to character, nature, state; esp. of the mind. steer) A helm, rudder. 2. Trop., guid- disposition, feeling. cance, dclirection, govelrnment. hac; adv. (hic; sc. parte or via) This gubernhitor7 oris, m. (id.) A steers- way, on this side, here. man, pilot. 2. Transf., a director, ruler, hac - tnus adv. Thus far, so far: governor, civitatis. Of space, to this place, thus far; in gurges, itis, m. (kindr. w. yapyapeov, a discourse, to this point, thus far; of throat) A swhirlpool, gulf, abyss. 2. time, up to this time, till now, thus fa~r: Transf., in gen. (poet.), water, sea. 3. of extent, thus much, to this extent; as Trop., an abyss, whirlpool of appetite, relat., so much as, so far as. passion, etc.; also, of persons, a prodi- haereop haesi, haesum. 2. v. intr. To gal, spendthrift. hang, stick, cling, adhere, be fixed or gusto, avi, fatum, 1. v. tr. (kindr. w. yevno, fastened to any thing or in any place. 2. and Germ. kosten) To taste, to take a Trop., to hold fast, remain fixed, to adlittle of any thing. 2. Trop., to taste; here; in partic., to keep near or close to, partake of, enjoy. to attach one's self to, to followu a person; gutta, ae, f. A drop of a fluid. 2. Trop., to remain fixed to a place, to continue a drop, a little bit, a little; natural spots any where, to linger, to keep at or stick to or specks on animals. a thing; to stick fast, to be embarrassed gutturp iris, n. The throat, gullet. or at a loss. GyAros, i, f. (riJapos) A small island halitus, as, m. (halo) Breath, exhalaof the Cyclades. tion. 2. Vapor, exhalation, steam. Gyas, ae, m. A companion of Aeneas. h5lo, avi, Mtum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (Poet.) gyruas, i, m. (,yipos) (Poet.) A circle, esp. To breathe; to breathe or emit fragrance, that described by an animal in its move- to befragrant. 2. Tr., to breathe out, exments, and in partic., by a horse. 2. hale. Transf., a place where horses are trained, himus, i. m. (xa/6g, kindr.w. iaurw) A a course; hence, trop., a circuit, cou'se, hook. career, field of action. HarpAlce, es, f. (ApiraXvKt) Daughter of the Thracian king Harpalycus, celebrated as a wasrior and huntress. H arpyia, ae, f. ('ApirvLa, apirciow, a plunderer) A harpy, a winged vmonster with the face of a woman and the body of a hibenas ae, f. (habeo) (Poet.) Thatby bird. which a thing is held; a thong; esp., a hasta, ae, f. A spear, lance. rein (ten. pl.), reins. 2. Trop., direction. hastile, is, n. (id.) The shaft of a spear managenment. government. or lance. 2. Transf (poet.), a spear, javhabeao ui, Itum, 2. v. tr. (kindr. w. a7rTw, elin; also, a piece of wood in the shape Germ. haben) To have (in the widest of a spear, a stake, a spear-like branch, sense of the word), to possess, hold, keep. shoot, etc. HAU 302 111C IhauklJ adv. NVot(mostly with an adverb,!grass or corn. 2. Herbage, grass. 3. seldom with an adj., and with a verb A plant or herb, in gen. only in the combination h. scio an). Z-Hercuiles, is, m. ('IipOaKX.js) Tie god of haurio; hausi, haustum, 4. v. tr. (kindr. strength, son of Jpites an;l Ilemena, w. ap;o) To draw up or out, to draw. celebrated for his twelve labors while on water, etc. 2. To draw out by drink- earth. ing, to drain, drink up; rarely, to draw lerciileus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of Herout in sense of to shed, spill. 3. In gen., cules, Herculean. to take to one's self, to draw or take out; hares, e0dis, m. An heir. to consume, devour, exhaust. 4. Trop., liermione; es, f. ('Ep,ut6v,) Daughter to draw, take, or drirnk in, to receive, de-. of Jlenelaus and Helen, adlcl wiye, first, rive, vocem, spem, supplicia. of Pyrrhus (XVeoptolemus), and l'ejerhibeol 2. v. intr. (hebes, blunt or dull) s ards of Orestes. To be blunt or dull. 2. Trop., to be (lull, hEros, Ois, m. (q-pws) A hero, denmi-god, sluggish, or inactive. a human beinM of divine origin either h6bbftoy Rvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To blunt, on the paternal or maternal side. 2. tela. 2. Trop., to blunt, impair, dull, Transf., a brave or illustrious mlan, a weaken, dim, visus. hero. -Hebrus, i, m. ('E.poq) A river of herus, i, m. Amasterof a houseorfanThrace, believed or fancied to have a ily, a master in respect to servants. 2. swift current. Poet., in gen., a master, lord, pr3oprietor, eclte, es, f. ('Ea&Tr-) Daughter of owner. Persaeus and Asteria, sister of Latona, Hesperia, ae, f. (Iesperius) The land and goddess of witchcraft, etc.; often of the west, Iesperia; poet., in the sense identified with Diana and Luna, and of the Greeks, for Italy, and sometimes represented with three heads. for Spain. I]ector, 6ris, m. ('ErCTWP) Son of Priamn, Ylespx6ris, idis, f. adj. (Hesperus, the husband of Andromache, the bravest and evening star, or transf., the W est, "'E-7rmost active of the Trojans, slain by Achil- pos) Of evening or the west, swestern, Ilesles and by him dragged three times around perian; hence, subs., Hesperides, urn, f. Troy. pl., the Ilesperides, the " Western MaidHect6reus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of lhector, ens," daughters of Erebus and Nox, who, Hectorean; poet., of the Trojans, or the upon an island of the ocean, kept watch Romans, as their descendants, Trojan, over a garden in which grew golden ap-?Roman. ples. H6ciuba ae f ('EKali) Queen of Troy, Hesperius; a, um, adj. (id.) Western, wife of kriam, carried captive by Ulysses Hesperian. to Greece, after the fall of the city. heu, interj. (of grief or pain) Oh! ah! hei, interj. An exclamation of grief, fear, alas! etc., ah! alas! woe! often followed by heus, interj. (used in calling attention) mihi, ah me! Ho! ho there! halloa! 6blna, ae, f. ('EXiv7) Daughter of hifitusl fis, m. (hio) A gaping; hence, Jupiter and Leda, wife of lMenelaus of an opening, aperture, cleft, chasm; an Sparta, carried off to Troy by Paris, and open moueth, Hydrae.?. Trop., an eager thus the cause of the Trojan war. desire. 3. In grammar, asc hiatus. Blgl6nus i, m. ('Ekevos) Son of Priam, hibernus, a, um, adj. (hiems) Of wina celebrated soothsayer, after the fall of ter, wintery, winter, sol. 2. Subs., LiTroy carried captive to Epirus by Pyjr- berna, 0rum, n. (sc. castra), wintzr-qrt~:c,rhus, who gave him Andromache as a ters; poet., by meton., the time of the wife, and made him? ruler of a small winter-quarters, winter. territory. hic~ haec, hoc, demonstr. pron (fr. pro3Hlo1rus, i, m. A river of Sicily, accus- nominal root I,with demonstrative sufix tomed to overflow and fertilize the adja- ce) This-dlenoting what is near or precent fields. sent, or conceived of as present; oplp. gH6lkmusJ i, m. A Sicilian of Trojan to ille and other pronouns, tVi,, (tJ:A It:eorigin, friend of Acestes. ter; hic....hic, this.... that; in plur.. herbal ae, f. (kindr. w. 4opBp, Aeol. these.... those. iep,3Ca) A green stalk or blade, esp. of hMc- adv. (id.) Of space, in this place, HIE 303 HOS here. 2. Transf., in this affair, on this awful, dread, horrible. 2. Awe-inspiroccasion, here; also, rar. and poet., of ing, venerable, awful, Sibylla; adv., time, here, heretupon. horrendum, dreadj ully. hiems9 emis, f. (XE4La, XcLnoV) TVinier, horrens, entis, Pa. (id.) Bristly, shagthe rainy season; personified, lIiems. g y, rough, projecting. 2. Dreadful, 2. Transf. (poet. and lat.), rainy or fearful, horrid. stormy weather, a storm, tempest. 3. horreo7 2. v. intr. and tr. To stand on Poet., a chill, coldness, letalis. end, stand erect, to bristle, setae. 2. Tobe hincp adv. (hic) Friom this place, fronm stiff with, to bristle or be rough with any here, hence. 2. From (on) this side, thing, mare fluctibus. 3. Transf., to here; hinc....hinc, on this side....on shake, shiver, tremble with cold or fright, that side, hire.....there. 3. To indicate etc. (poet.); freq. tr., to shudder at, to origin, cause, etc., from this source or dread,; also, to be amazed at. 4. (Poet.) cause, hence. 4. Of time (lat.),frore this To be of a rough,frightful appearance, time, after this, hereupon, then. to look rough, to be terrible,fri ghtful. hiop avi, ttum, 1. v. intr. (xiw, Xavwo) horresco, horrtti, 3. v. intr. and tr. (Poet. and lat.) To open, stand open, (inch. of id.) To begin to bristle or stand gape, yawn, flos, oculi; in partic., to erect. 2. To grow rough, becone stiff or open the mouth, gape. 2. Trop., of bristly with any thing. 3. To begin to speech, to gape, be badly connected; of shudder or tremble from fear, to become persons, to gape with longing, wonder, frightened; tr., to shudder at, dread, proetc., to desire, long for, be amazed at cellas. any thing. horridusy a, um, adj. (horreo) Standing Hipp~coon, ontis, m. A companion on end, bristly, rough, shaggy, prickly. of Aeneas. 2. Transf., in gen., rough, rugged, wild, hisco, 3. v. intr. and tr. (inch. of hio) To savage, horrid, myrtls hastilihus. 3. open, gape, yawn; in partic., to open the Trop., rough in character, rude, blunt, mouth with the intent but almost with- uncouth, unpolished, barbarous. 4. Proout the power to speak, to stammer, to ducing horror, fearful, horrid, dreadful mutter. 2. Tr. (poet.), to say, aliquid. (mostly poet.) h6die, adv. (hoc-die) To-day.. horrlfico, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (horTransf., in gen., at the present day, at ror-facio) (Poet. and lat.) To mnate this time, now. rough or uneven, mare. 2. Abs., to terh6mo, mis, c. A human being, a man. rify, vatum praedicta. h6nor; or h6nos, Oris, m. Honor, re- horrificus, a, um, adj. (id.) (Poet. and pute, esteem in which a person or thing lat.) Causing terror, terrible, dreadful, is held. 2. A place of honor, official terrific. dignity, preferment. 3. Coner., any horrls6nus, a, um, adj. (horreo-sonus) thing given as a mark of honor, an D)readfully sounding. honorary gift, a reward, recompense, an horror7 ovis, m. (horreo) A roughening, offering, sacrifice, honorary rites, an bristling. 2. Transf., a shaking, sh/iverhonorary festival. 4. A quality that ing from cold, a chill; also, a shalin-, brings honor, beauty, grace (poet.). trembling from fear or dread, hence, h6noratus7 a, um, Pa. (hbnrro, to I dread, terror, horror; in partic., relihonor, fr. id.) Honored, respected, gious dread or awe. worth/y of honor, honorable; in partic. horattorp Oris, m. (hortor) An, inciter, (lat.), honored by a public office, fill- encourager. ing a post of honor, honorable, distin- hortor atns, 1. v. dep. tr. (kindr. w. guished. pVt,'t) To incite, instigate, encozrage, hora ac, f. (,'oa) An hour (with the urge, exhort. Romans of varying length, according to hospes, itis, m. (kindr. n-. hostis, a the time of year, the natural day, from stranger) One ewho enjoys or (tbor(?7e sunrise to sunset, being always divided hospitality (cf. tdvos): (1) a Fejourn1I', by them into twelve hours). 2. Poet., visitor, guest; (2) one who receives anin gen., timne, time of year, season. other, a host. 2. Opp. to a nativc, a horrendus, a, um, Pa. (horreo) (Mostly stranger, foreigner; adj., strange, forpoet. and lat.) That makes one tremble eign. or shudder, dreadful, terrible, fearful, j hospftium ii, n. (id.) Ilospitality. 2. HOS 304 IGN A hospitable reception; or, coner., a hos- I. pitable abode; in partic., a guest-land; also, acn inn, hotel, lodgings. larbas; ae, m. A king of ~iautritania hospitus, a, umn, adlj. (idl.) (Poet. and only in whose doominiotns Dido had settled, in the f. sing. and neut. pl).) Strange, and whose hand she had refused. foreig~n. 2. Hospitable. aIsides7 ae, m. (Iasius) A descendant hostia, ae, f. A sacrificial animal, vic- of Iasius. tim, sacrifice. Xasius, ii, m. ('Ia(Ttos) Son of Jupiter hcstilis; e, adj. (hostis) Of an enemy, and Electra, and brother of Dardanus. holstile, adverse. iaspis, idis, f. (iaurrts) Jasper, a prehostis, is, c. A stranger, foreigner cious stone. (rare); afterwards transf., an enemy (of ibi, adv. (is) There, in that place. 2. the state, not a private enemy-cf. inim- Transf., of time, then, thereupon. 3. Of icus). other relations, in that matter, on that huc7 adv. (hic) To this place, hither, occasion, there. here; huc illuc, hither and thither. 2. ibidem, adv. (ibi-dem) In the sanme Of non-local relations, hither, to this, to place, int that ~very place. 2. In the same this point, thus far, so far. matter or thing. hfimanus a, um, adj. (homo) Of or Zcarus i, m. ('IKapo) A son of Daedabelonging to man, human. 2. Humane, lus, wZo, in his fiight with his father gentle, kind. 3. Cultivated, polished, re- from Crete, fell into that part of the fited, i~olite. Mediterranean called, after him, the Icahiimecto, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. rian Sea. (humco) To moisten, wet. 2. Intr., of ico; Ici, ictum, 3. v. tr. To hit, strike, the eyes, to be moist, to weep. smite, stab. huExeo, 2. v. intr. To be moist, damp or ictus, a, um, part. id. tecf. Humens, entis, Pa., damp, humid. ictus7 ils, m. (id.) A hit, blow, stroke. hrim rus, i, m. The shoulder (prop. of stab, thrtst. a man; armus of an animal). Ida, ae, f. CIsa or'I'8r) A mostzstain it?. himldus, a, um, adj. (humeo) Moist, Crete, and also one in Phrygia, near hu!mid, damp, vapory, dewy, liquid. Troy, namedfrom theformer. hmirrllis, e, adj. (humus; kindr. w. XatLa- daeus, a, um, adj. (id.) Of Ida. xAb) Lozw, not high. 2. Low in rank, Idaean. consideration, etc., inferior, mneain, ob- Idaeus7 i, m. A charioteer of Prian. 8scure, poor; of mind or character, lowe, Idalia, ae, f. or Idalium, ii, 1. (forbase, mean. mer poet.) A mountain and city in Cyhfimo Avij, Atum, 1. v. tr. (humus) To prus, sacred to Venus. cover wcitl earth, to bury, inter. Idalius, a, um, adj. (id.) Of Idalilln humus, i, m. (kindr. w. Xavai) The Idalian. earth at our feet, the ground, the soil; idcirco, adv. (id-circa) On that accotlnt, ad-ecrbial form humi, on the ground. therefore. lHygdes7 urn, f. pl. ('Y~ades) The Iyciades, idem esdem, iadem, demonstr. pron. (isa group of seven stars in the head of dem) The same; in partic., may be TaC!'rs. sometimes translated, also, likewise. CYdrsa ae. f. CY3pa) The water-serpent, ideo, adv. (id-eo) On that accounst, therea fabulous monster, esp. the Lernean fore. fHyd7ra, with seven heads, killed by Her- Idi6mbnfis, di, m. ('IWoeteved) A king cules. of Crete, leader of the Cretans against Hf'ymen ednis, or lHgminaeus, i, m. Troy, and after his retutrn expelledifrtctm (Ytujv,'Y~LevaLos) Hymen, the god of his kingdom for sacrificing his oatn son nscrriage. 2. A nuptial song. 3. Mar- in fufillment of a vrow. See Class. Dict. 1ayge, nuptials. lgltur, conj. (ig = ic, fr-. root I, whence'Hypanis, is, m. Name of a Trojan. is and hic, and suffix itur = itus) Thesn, Hyrcanus, a, um, adj. Of the Hyr- therefore, consequently. 2. In resuming cani, a tribe on the Caspian Sea, Hyr- a train of thought, Isay thes7, in short. canian. ignirus; a, urm, adj. (in and gnarus. Hyrtacides, ae, m. ('YpTraKdisl) Son knowing, kindr. w. nosco,,t7,,';o-,-o) Igof lHyrtacus, Nisus. norant of a thing, uniacquainted wzith, IGN 305 1M11 not knowing, unaware. 2. Pass., un- illido~ isi, isum, 3. v. tr. (in-laedo) To known (mostly poet.). strike or dash upon or against. ignavusy a, um, adj. (in and gnavus = illinc7 adv. (ille) From that place, thence. navus, busy) Idle, lazy, slothful, inac- 2. Transf., from that person or thing, tive; also, cowardly, without spirit. front t/hat part or side. igneus7 a, um, adj. (ignis) Of fire, fiery. illisusp a, um, part. of illido. 2. Trop., fiery, glowing, ardent, eager, illuc7 adv. (ille) To that place, thither. vehement. 2. To that person or thing, thereto (rar.). ignis, is, m. Fire. 2. Transf., poet., il-ldo (inl.), si, sum, 3. v. tr. and intr. lightning; also, brightness, splendor, To play at or with, to sport with any brilliancy, lustre, glow. 3. Trop., the thing. 2. In a bad sense, to mnake sport fire of passion, glow of anger, fiame of 1 of, to jeer at, mock, insult, alicul, in alilove; (poet.), a beloved person, a flame; quem or aliquo; to destroy or waste in any thing destructive, a fire, firebrand. sport, to destroy, ruin. 3. Tr., to scoff ignobilis, e, adj. (in and nobilis, known) or mock at, to set at naught, ridicule. Unknown, ulnknown to fame, obscure. illustris, e, adj. (in-lux) Lighted up, 2. Of unknown birth, base-born, ig- clear, bright, light. 2. Trop., evident, noble. clear, manifest; also, illustrious, disignoro, a5vi, Stum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (ig- tinguished, famous. narus) Not to know, to be ignorant of, illfivies, ei, f. (in-luo) That which is unacquainted with. washed upon any thing; hence, dirt, ignatus, a, um' adj. (in-gnotus = notus) filth, uncleanness. 2. (Lat.) An overUnkown, strange. 2. Of low birth, flowing, inundation; coner., water that low-born, base. 3. Ignorant of a thing. has overflowed. ilex, icis, f. The holm-oak. llyricus, a, um, adj. Of Illyria, a Ilia, ae, f. The poetical name of Rhea province bordering on the Adriatic Sea, Silvia, daughter of Nsumitor, and mother, Illyrian. by Mars, of Romulus and Remus. Ilus7 i, m. ('Ixos) A son of Tros, and Iliacus7 a, um, adj. (Ilium) Of Ilium fourth king of Troy, from whom the city or Troy, Ilian, Trojan. received the name of Ilium. 2. A sulrIlias, Adis, f. (id.) An Ilian or Trojan name of Ascanius. woman (often in plur.). imago, mis, f. An image, likeness. In ilicet, adv. (ire-licet) Originally a for- partic., an ancestral image; also, an apmula by which an assembly was dis- parition, phantom. 2. Transf. (poet.), missed = You may go. Hence, transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo. 3. 1. Let us go, let's be gone (com.). 2. To Trop., an image in the mind, a concepsignify loss or failure, it is all over (com.). tion, thoseght, idea; in partic., in rhet. 3. Imnnediatelj, forthwith, instantly. lang., a figurative representation, similiIli6ne, es, f. ('IXt6vq) The eldest daugh- tude, comparison; also, a mere form or ter of Priam. likeness of any thing as opp. to reality, Ilii6niis, ei, m. ('IXAOvevs) A Trojan, a a semblance, appearance, gloriae, mortis, companion of Aeneas. etc. Ilium7 ii, n. ('IXov) A poetical name for imbellis, e, adj. (in-bellum) rUnwarTroy. like, unfit for war; also, peaceful. Ilius7 a, urn, adj. (id.) Of Ilium or Troy, imber, bris, m. (65gpos) A heavy rain, Ilian, Trojan. rain-storm, shower of rain. 2. Transf. il-labor (inl.), psus, 3. v. dep. intr. To (poet.), a rain-cloud, storm-cloud; also, fall, glide or slide down or into. water, in gen. il-laetabilis (inl.), e, adj. (laetabilis, imittbilis, e, adj. (imitor) Capable of joyful, fr. laetor) Joyless, cheerless, imitation, imitable. mournful. Imitor, ftus, 1. v. dep. tr. (root im, ille, a, ud, demonstr. pron. That; sub- whence imago) To imitate, act like, stantively, that one, he, she, it. In par- copy after; to recmble. 2. To represent tic., ille.... hic, the former.... the latter, by imitating. to Copy, portray, express, the one.... the other, that....this; to in- sonitus. dicate something well-known, the well- immanis7 e, adj. (in-MA, whence magknouwn, the famous. nus) Of size, nonstrmos, isumen e, heuge, illic7 adv. (ille-ce) In thatplace, there. I vast, enormous. 2. Of character, mon IM1M 306 IM. strous, atrocious, fierce, savage, wild, i even; in partic., unequal to, not a match frightful, horrid. for, inferior; poet., unequal, i. e., beim-mn- mor (in-m.), bris, adj. Unmind- yond onte's strength, pugna. ful, jorigetful, heedless, thoughtless, w. impedioS lvi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. (in-pes) gen.'. Act. (poet.), causing forgef'ul- Prop., to entangle the feet. 1. To enness, an epithet of Lethe. tangle, ensnare, shackle; in gen. (mostly immensus, a, um, adj. (in and metior, poet.), to clasp, encircle, ezmbrace, surto measure) Immeasurable, immense, round; to involee, orbibus orbes. 2. boundless, vast. Trop., to entangle, embarrass, with diffiim-mergo (in-m.), si, sum, 3. v. tr. To culties, etc.; also, transf., to hinder, implunge dip, or siak into, to immerse. pede, obstruct, prevent. im-meritus (in-m.), a, um, adj. Unde- im-pello (in-p.), pfili, pulsum, 3. v. tr. serving (of harm or punishment), inno- To push or drive against or'upon a cent, guiltless.'. Pass., undeserved, un- thing; to strike, hit or reach a thing merited. (poet.). 2. To drive forward, push on, immineo% 2. v. intr. (in and mineo, to set in motion, urge on, nmove, impel, project) To project over, to bend or lean force, navem; also, to overthrow, overtoward, to overhanq. 2. Transf,, to be turn, arborem. 3. Trop., to move one near to a thing, to touch on, border upon, to a thing, to impel, incite, urge, induce, mari; also, to threaten by being near, persuade to do a thing (poet. w. infin.); hostes Latio. 3. Trop., to be near; to also, rar., to overthrow, subdue, ruin. impend, hang over, or threaten; to strire impiriump ii, n. (impero) A command, after, be eagerfor, intent upon, alicui rei. order, decree, mandate. 2. Transf., the im-misceop scui, xtum, or stum, 2. v. I right or power of commanding, authortr. To mix in, intermix, intermingle, ity, power, command, contr-ol, sway. 3. blend. In partic., supreme power or authority, immitis (in-m.), e, adj. Of fruits, not chief command in war, supremne civil soft or mellow, harsh, sour. 2. Transf., and military authority, sovereignty, emnot mild, harsh, hard, cruel, merciless. pire. 4. Transf., concr., an empire, doim-mitio (in-m.), misi, missum, 3. v. minion, realm. tr. To send to or into a place. 2. To imp6ro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (in-paro) To cast, throw, hurl, or drive into or upon. command, order, enjoin a thing or act; 3. To let go, let loose, let in, admit; in partic., to order to furnish, make a habenas, to let loose, slacken; rotis or requisition for, equites. 2. To comjugis immissis, let loose, hence, swift- mand, govern, rule over, control, alicui, ly running; barba immissa, let grow, or abs. hence, long. 4. Trop., to instigate, set imp6tus, as, m. (in-peto) An attack, on, incite. assault, onset. 2, Transf., in gen., vioimmixtus, a, um, part. of immisceo. lent impulse, violent motion, impetus, imimmg or imo, ad\v. (kindr. w. imus; 1petuosity, vehemence, ardor, violence, hence, on the under or reverse side) i fury,force. Responsively, on the contrary, by no im-piger (il-p.), gra, grum, adj. Not means; also, yes indeed, by all means. indolent; diligent, active, quick, un2. To correct or emphasize, nay rather, wearied. unremitting. nay even, nay. impingo, pegi, pactum, 3. v. tr. (in Im-mortilis (in-m.), e, adj. Immor- and pango, to fasten) To push, strike, tal, imperishable. drive, or dash against or into any thing. lm-mrstus (in-m.), a, um, adj. Un- im-pius (in-p.), a, um, adj. UTndutimoved, undisturbed, immovable, motion- ful (toward the gods, one's parents, naless. 2. Trop., unmoved, steadfast, un- tive country, etc.), implious, irreverent, shaken, mens, fata. ungodly. 2. Of things (poet.), wicked, im-miugio (in-m.), ivi or ii, -, 4. v nefarious, accursed. intr. (Poet.) To bellow, roar, resolznd im-pl1catus (in-p.), a, um, adj. (Poet.) in or at any place or thing. Unsatisfied, implacable, insatiate. immundus, a, um, adj. (in and mun- impleo, Cvi, etum, 2. v. tr. (in and obs. dus, clean, neat) iUnclean,filthy,foul. pleo, to fill) To.fill up, fill full, fill; in imo, adv. v. immo. partic., tofill with food, to.srftit: also, im-Dar (in-p.), aris, adj. Unequal, un- trop., to satisfy; to fill olt.,mmke.full, IMP 307 INC corpus. 2. Trop., to fill, urbem tu- against, toward; to or unto; i2to; multu; to fill utp a portion of time, or a i among;for; according to, in morem. To number, to complete, make out, finisah; form adverbial expressions: in caput, to fill or supply a place; tofulfill, accom- headlong; in melius, for the better, etc. plish, consilium, etc. in7 insep. particle (l', privative) Used imn-plico (in-p.), avi, atum, or ui, itum, to negative the word with which it is 1. v. tr. Tofold into, to infold, involve, connected=un, in, not. inwrap, entangle, twine about, encircle, in-Amabilis, e, adj. (amo) Uslworthy grasp, link, bind, closely attach, lit. and of love, unlovely, revolting, hateful, trop. odious. impl5ro, dvi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (in and indnis7 e, adj. Enptly, void, vacant. 2. ploro, to wail) To invoke with tears, to Trop., empty, useless, vain, uznprofitable; implosre; in partic., to call upon for aid, brief, trivial, tempus; unavailing, lacto invoke; also, to ask for any thing rimae. earnestly, to beseech, entreat, auxilium. in-canuss a, um, adj. (Poet. and lat.) im-pono (in-p.), sui, situm, 3. v. tr. To Quite gray, hoary. place or put in, into, or upon, to place or incassums adv., v. cassus. erect oresr; in partic., to put on board incautus7 a, um, adj. (in and cautus, ship, to embark. 2. Trop., to put on, cautious, Pa. of caveo, to beware) Inlay upon, impose, leges; to inflict, in- cautious, heedless, unsuspecting. 2. juriam; to put or give to, finem labori; Pass., not guarded against, unforeseen, to set over as commander, etc. unexpected; also, uncertain, dangerous, impressus, a, um, part. of unsafe. imprimop pressi, pressum, 3. v. tr. (in- in-c~do, essi, essum, 3. v. intr. and tr. premo) To prness into or upon, to im- To go, walk, or march along (in a measpress, imprint. 2. To give an impres- ured, dignified, or majestic way), to sion to a thing, to stamp, mark, en- move, advance; freq., of soldiers, to grave. march, move forward. 2. Trop., in im-prdbus (in-p.), a, um, adj. Not gen., to proceed to a thing (rar.); in pargood, of bad quality, bad. 2. Morally tic., of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to bad in the widest sense, wicked, de- come or happen to, befall; to approach, praved, vile, base, impious, dishdnest, appear, occur. knavish; shameless, indecent; violent, incendiumr ii, n. (incendo) A fire. fierce, rabies; (rar.), enormous, immense, conflagration; poet., a torch, firebs and. of things animate and inanimate. 2. Trop., fire, conflagration, destr-ucim-prvildus, a, um, adj. (in-pro-video) tion, ruin; the fire, heat of passion, etc. Not looking before, not foreseeing, not incendo, di, sum, 3. v. tr. (in-candeo) anticipating, unwary; improvident, To set fire to, to kindle, burn. 2. To heedless, casreless, thoughtless. make bright, light up. 3. Trop., to inimpr6visus, a, um, adj. (in-pro-visus) flame, kindle, incite, irritate, enrage, inUTnforeseen, unexpected, sudden. cense, aliquem, odium, etc. im-pubes (in-p.), iris and (poet. and incensus7 a, um, part. of id. lat,) is. adj. Not full grown, not mar- inceptum, i, n. (incipio) A beginning, riageable, youthful. 2. Chaste, unmar- attempt, undertaking. ried. inceptus, a, um, part. of incipio. impfire adv. (fr. adj. impunis, e, un- in-certusp a, um, adj. Uncertain. 1. punished, fr. in and poena) Without Objectively, not to be relied upon, szot punishment, with impunity; hence, sure or safe, unreliable, fickle; erring, safely. securim; dim, luna. 2. Subjectively, imnus, a, um, adi. v. inferus. being iln uncertainty, doubtfud, hesitatbine, in, prep. w. abl. and acc. (ev, et; = Ev;) waveriyg. With abl/.: of space, in, within, on, incessusy fis, m. (incedo) A walking, upon, among, at; of time, in, during, gait, pace (esp. a dignified or majestic in the course of; of other relations, in; gait-v. incedo). 2. The approacA, inin respect to; toward; before. 2. With vasion of an enemy; and transf., concr. acc., to denote motion to or into: of an entrance (Tacitus). space, into, to; toward, against; in; of incesto7 avi, -, 1. v. tr. (in-castus) To time, for; until; of other relations, pollute, defile. INC 308 IND inchoo, dvi, atum, 1. v. tr. To lay the one, to blame, chide, rebuke, aliquem; Joundation of, to begin, commence. also, to accuse any one; vw. an abstr. obj., incido, cidi, casum, 3. v. intr. (in-cado) to reprove, censlure, arrogailtiam. To fall into or upon; to rush upon or in-cresco OMvi, -, 3. v. intr. To grow into. 2. To fall upon, come upon, unex- to, upon, or in any thing; in gen., to pectedly,.fall in with. 3. Trop., to fall grow, increase, lit. and trop. into any condition; to fall upon, hap- in-cfibo7 ui, itum (rar. avi, atum), 1. v. pen, to occur. intr. (cubo, to lie down) To lie in or incido, cT-di, clsum, 3. v. tr. (in-caedo) upon any thing. 2. In partic., of birds, To cut into; hence, to engrave, inscribe to brood, hatch. 3. Trop., to brood over, cn. 2. To cut through, to cut, funem. watch jealously, auro. 3. Trop., to break off, interrupt; to cut in-cultus, a, um, adj. (colo) Ulcutltishort, renmove, sermonem, spem, etc. vated, untilled, neglected. 2. Trop., unincipiio cepi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. and intr. cultivated, unpolished, rude; neglected, (in-capio) Prop., to seize upon, lay hold disordered. of: hence, 1. Tr., to begin, commence incumbo, cubui, clibitum, 3. v. intr. something. 2. Intr., to begin. (incubo) To lay one's self upon any in-climentiap ae, f. Inclemency, se- thing, to lean or recline upon, rest upon; verity, rigor. transf., to lean or incline toward, to overincludsso si, sum, 3. v. tr. (in-claudo) To hang; also, to rush toward or upon, in shut up, inclose, confine; transf., to close, hostem; to fall upon, mari. 2. Trop., stop up, obstruct, vocem, lacrimas. 2. to apply one's self to, exert one's self in, Trop., to include, inclose, insert in any w. in, ad, or dat. thing; in respect to time, to close, finish, in-curro, curri (rar. cicurri), cursum, 3. end, dies ille i. fata nobis. v. intr. To run into, toward, or against, inclfitus, or inclytus, a, um, adj. (in to rush at, into or upon; hence, to assail, and clueo, to be talked of; kindr. w. attack. 2. Trop., to border on, extend to KAVo) Celebrated, renowned, illustrious. a place; to run against, offend against; in-cognltus, a, um, adj. (cognosco) to run or get into any evil or fault; of Usnknown, unexamin-ed. events, to befall, happen. in-c6lo, ui, ultum, 3. v. tr. and intr. To in-curvo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To curve inhabit, locum; intr., to dwell. or bend, arcus. 2. Trop., to bow, caet inclfimis, e, adj. Unimpaired, unin- down. jured, sacfe. iricusop avi, itum, 1. v. tr. (in-canusa) To in-c6mmittus, a, um, adj. (Mostly accuse, charge one scith something, to poet.) Unaccompanied, unattended. censure, aliquem alicujus rei. in-concessus, a, um, adj. (concedo) incfitio, cussi, cussum, 3. v. tr. (in-qua(Poet. and lat.) Unpermitted, forbidden. tio.)'To strike upon or against, to dash in-consultus, a, um, adj. (consulo, to against; to throw, cast or hurl. 2. Trop., consult) Not consulted. 2. Act. (poet.), to strike into, to inspire with, to excite, without advice, unadvised. 3. Unad- alicui terrorem. vised, inconsiderate, indiscreet, homo, indigo, inis, f. (Mostly poet. and lat.) largitio. An encircling, inclosing of a piece of in-credlbilis; c, adj. (credo) Incredi- woodland by hunters with nets, an inble, extraordinary. closure; transf., a surrounding of cnein-cr6pfto, avi, atum, 1. v. freq. tr. To mies. 2. Trop., an investigation, incall or cry out to one; in a good sense, quiry. to call upon, challenge (poet.); in a bad inde, adv. (is-de) Of place, from that sense, to chide, blame, rebuke. place, fromn there, thence. Of persons in-cripo uni, Itum (rar. and lat. avi, and things, frons this, frosz or of this or Stum), 1. v. intr. and tr. To make a them.'. Of time, after that, th.erleulon, noise, to rustle, rattle; also, trop., to be then; also, fromn that time, ever sin ce. noised abroad, suspicio. 2. Tr., to make ln-debftus, a, um, adj. (debeo) Dedue, a noise against a person or thing, to undeserved. thunder against; also (poet.), to cause in-d pr6hensus, a, um, aclj. (depreto resound, to utter aloud, send forth hendo) Undiscovered, unobserved. loudly, lyram, minas, sonitum. 3. Indi, Orum, m. The inhebitalts of InTransf., to loudly exclaim against any dia, the Indianzs. IND 309 INF indicium, ii, n. (index, an informer) A in-fandus, a, um, adj. (for) Unspeakdisclosure, inform7 ation, discovery. 2. A able, unutterable; detestable, abominable, sign, mark, proof, token. dreadful, impious, villainous. in-dico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To declare in-faustus, a, urn, adj. (faustus, favorpublicly, to proclaim, announce; to ap- able, fr. faveo) (Poet. and lat.) Ui6forpoint, to impose. tunate, unlucky. in-dignor, aitus, 1. v. dep. tr. To coz- infectus7 a, um, adj. (in-factus) J~ot sider unworthy, to be indignant at, be an- made or donze, unperformed. gry or displeased at, to disdain. infectus, a, um, part. of inficio. in-dignus9 a, urn, adj. Unworthy, un- in-f 5lix Icis, adj. Unfiruitfuil. 2. deserving. 2. Of things, unworthy, un- Transf., unfortunate, unhappy, miseradeserved, shameful, cruel. ble; act., bringing misfortune, unlucky, in-d6mitus, a, um, adj. (in-domo) UVn- ill-boding, baneful, vates. tamzed, cwild, equus. 2. Trop., unre- infensus, a, um, adj. (in and obs. fendo. strained, ungovernable, fierce, violent. whence defendo) Hostile, enrsaged, inin-diico, xi, ctam, 3. v. tr. To lead or censed. bring in or into. 2. To draw on, put infernusp a, um, adj. (infernus) Lying on articles of dress; to draw over, over- beneath, the lower. 2. In partic., sinspread, cover. 3. Trop., to bring into, derground, of the Loswer sRegions, inintrsoduce, seditionem; to introduce in fernal. speaking; to lead to a thing, to incite, in-f6ro, intfili, illatum, inferre, v. tr. induce, persuade; in a bad sense, to mis- To carry or bring into, to, or against; to lead, deceive; w. animum or in animum, throsw or put into or upon. ". In partic., to bring one's nmind to a thing, to resolve, to brin- for burial, to bury; arma in hosdetermine. tem or hosti, to make an attack itpon; inductus~ a, um, part. of id. w. bellurn, to bring, make, or wage war; indulgeo, si, tum, 2. v. intr. and tr. (in- w. se, to betake one's self to, to go to or dulcis) To be indulgent or kind to; to into, to enter, to go, proceed. 3. Trop., gratify, yield to; to indulge in, give to bringforward, introduce; to produce, one's self up to, w. dat. 2. Tr., to con- excite, occasion, cause, spem. cede, allow, permit, alicui aliquid (lat.). inf rus, a, um, adj. That is below, zinincduo, ni, ultum, 3. v. tr. (Eviw9) To put derneath, the lower; opp. to superus. on an article of dress or ornament; to In partic., of or belonging to the Lower cover, clothe, deck, se, cratera corona. World; as subs., Inferi, Orum, m., the 2. Trop., to put on, assume, vultus. inhabitants of the Lower World, the indiutus, a, um, part. (id.) Clad, arrayed. dead. II. Comp., inferior, lower in sitln-luctdbilis, e, adj. (e-luctor) (Poet. nation or place. 2. Trop., of time, and lat.) Unavoidable, inevitable. later, younger; of character, rank, numin-eop, ivi or ii, Itum, Ire, v. tr. and ber, etc., i,nfe-ior. III. Sup. in two intr. To go into, to enter a place. 2. forms. 1. Infimus, a, um, the lowest, Trop., to enter upon, begin a business, last; also, trop. of rank, quality, etc., office, etc.; to enter into, conclude, make, the losest, poorest, sworst. 2. Imus, a, societatem, foedus, etc. um, the lowest, deepest, inmost, the botinermis, e, adj. (in-arma) Unarmed, tom of; sometimes may be translated defenceless. very. iners, ertis, adj. (in-ars) Unskilled in in-festus, a, unm, adj. (for in-fenstus, fr. any trade or art, unskillful. 2. Inac- fendo; see infensus) Made unsafe, uintive, sluggish, inert, indolent. safe, disturbed, molested, infested. 2. in-expertus, a, um, adj. Untried. 1. Act., making unsafe, hence, hostile, danNot having made trial, inexperienced in, gerous, deadly. unacquainted with. 2. Not having been in-ficio, feci, fectum, 3. v. tr. (facio; tried, untried, unproved. see infect in Webster's Dict.) To stain., in-extric5bilis, e, adj. (ex-trico, to dye, color, tinge. 2. Transf., to mix with disentangle, fr. tricae, arum, trifles, and, something, inmix; in a bad sense. to transf., hindrances) (Poet. and lat.) In- infect, spoil, corrupt. extricable. in-figog xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To fix, fasin-fdbricatus, a, um, adj. (fabricor) ten, or drive in or upon, to inix, lit. and (Poet.) Unwrought, unfashioned. trop. INF 310 INO in-findo, fidi, fissum, 3. v. tr. To cot! intr. (gradior) To go or wcdk into, to into, to cleave. enter; to go along, walk, acldvance. 2. in-fit, v. def. (fio) He begins; in partic., Trop., to enter upon, engage inl; to behe begins to speak. gin, commence. infixus, a, urn, part. of infigo. ingruo7 ui, 3. v. intr. (in-ruo) To r'ush in-flamnalo avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (flamma) or break into; to rush upon, attack, asIo set ol fire, kinzdle, inflcame. 2. Trotp., sail. to ijlamnze, rouse, excite. in-hio, avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. To in-flecta xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To bend, gape (of the mouth), to gape over or at. cuarve. ~. Trop., of sound, to inJfect, 2. Trop., to gape or gaze at eagerly, atalter, modldlate; to chalnge, alter, ani- tentively, etc., pectoribus reclusis. mum, sensus, etc. in-h6nestus, a, um, adj. (honor) Disin-flo aOvi, atuLn, 1. v. tr. (flo, to blow) honorable, shamneful, ignominious. To blov ~into or upon; to blow up, i- i n-horreo, ui, 2. v. intr. To bristle. flate; in partic., to blow upon an in- 2. To quiver, shake, shudder with cold. strument. 2. Trop., to puff up, inflate, fear, etc.; mare, unda, to grow tough. elate. in-hospltus, a, urnm, adj. (hospes) informis, e, adj. (in-forma) Unformed, (Poet.) Inhospitable. shapeless. 2. Misshapen, deformed, hid- 1 in-humatus, a, um, adj. (humo) Uneous. buried. infractus, a, urn, part. and Pa. of in- inimicus, a, umrn, adj. (in-amicus) Unifringo. Biroken, shattered. 2. Trop., friendly, hostile; subs., inimicus, i, in., weakened, exhausted, irnured; of speech, and inimica, ae, f., an enemny. 2. Of broken, disconnected. things, unfavorable, injurious. in-frendeoo 2. v. intr. (frendo, to gnash) iniquus, a, umrn, adj. (in-aequns) Uieven. (Poet. and lat.) To gnash the teeth. locus; hence, unfavorable, difficult, disinfrenis, e, and infrenusy a, um, adj. advantageous, injurious; excessive, cin(in-frenum) Without bridles, unbridled, moderate; of persons, hostile, ulfriendequus. "2. Trop., untamed, unchecked. ly; of persons and things, unfair, utin-fringo, fregi, fractum, 3. v. tr. just, hard, severe; unwilling, discon(frango) To break in upon, break off, tented, impatient. break. 2. Trop., to break, impair. injectus, a, um, part. of inffila, ae, f. A band, bandage; in par- injiCio% jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (in-jacio) tic., a white, woolen fillet used in reli- To throw, cast, or put in or into. 2. To gious ceremonies. 2. Transf., an orna- throsw on, upon, at, or over any thin. ment, a badge of honor. 3. Trop., to bring or infuse into, to ilinfundo, fidi, lsum, 3. v. tr. To pour spire, cause, alicui timorem. in or into. 2. To pour, throw, or cast irnjiriaj ae, f. (in-jus) Injustice, iunjity. upon, nimbum alicui. 3. Trop., to pour wrong. 2. An insult, aiftront; revenge, into, spread over, communicate, aliquid plnishment for an injury; damage, in animum, vitia in civitatem, etc. harm. inffisus, a, um, part. (id.) Poured or in-jussus7 a, um, adj. (part. of jubeo) spread over; poured through, inlfused. Unbidden, of one's own accord. in-g6mlno, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. in-nectog exui, exurm, 3. v. tr. To tie. (geminus) To redouble, repeat, ictus. 2. join, or fasten to, or together, to connect, Intr., to be redoubled, to increase, clamor. to bind, lit. and trop. in-g6mo, ui, 3. v. intr. and tr. To innexus, a, um, part. of id. groan, sigh over any thing, to lament, in-no, Rvi, atum, 1. v. intr. To scinm or bewail. float in or upon; poet., Stygios lacus, to ingensp tis, adj. (in-gens, genus, con- sail upon. trary to or beyond its kind or species, in-noxius, a, umrn, adj. Ila ordess, inmonstrous) Of great size, vast, huge, noxious. 2. Transf., b7ameless, inocent. mighty, massive. 2. Trop., great, pow- 3. Pass., unharmed, unhurt. esful, distinguished. in-nuiimrus7 a, umrn, adj. Ilnnunerable, in-grrtus, a, ur, adj. Unpleasanzt, dis- countless. agreeable, painful. 2. Ungrateful, un- in-nuptus, a, urn. adj. (part. of nubo, to thankful, thankless. marry) Unmarrieed. in-gredior, gressus, 3. v. dep. tr. and i n-6lesco7 Ovi, b1itum, 3. v. intr. and tr. INo 311 INS (oleo) To grotw in, to, or upon any noted, remarkable, eminent, extraordi. thing. nary, excellent,.distinguished, beautiful. ln-plinus, a, um, adj, (opinor, to be of in-sinuo; avi, atum. 1. v. tr. and intr. opinion) (Poet. and lat.) Unexpected. To bring into the bosom; to cause to in-ops, Opis, adj. Powerless, helpless. enter or penetrate deeply by windings 2. Without smeans, poor, needy, indigent. or turnings, to insinuate; to cause to ar3. Poor in any thing, destitute of, bereft rive at or get to a place; w. se, to zwinld of, animi; trop., of style and discourse, one's way, steal into, get into.'. Intr., poor, meagre. to twind or creep in, penetrate. Inous, a, urn, adj. Of Ino, daughter of in-sisto7 stiti, 3. v. intr. and tr. To set Cadmus and Hermione, changed into a one's self in or upon, to stand or tread sea-goddess. upon, w. dat., in w. abl., or ace. 2. To inquio and inquamp v. def. I sayE press upon, pursue, hostibus. 3. To (placed after one or more words of, a pursue eagerly, to apply one's self to. 4. quotation). To continue, persevere, persist in. 5. insania ae, f. (insanus) Unsoundness Intr., to stand still, to stop. of mincd, msadness, insanity (as a dis- insomniumr ii, n. (in-somnus) A ease). 2. M11adness in actions, folly, dream. senselessness; also, excess, extravagance. in-s6no, ui, 1. intr. (Poet.) To sound in-sinus, a, um, adj. Unsound in I in or on, to sound, resound. mind, nmad, insane; raving, foolish, in-sons. tis, adj. Innocent, guiltless; frantic. 2. Trop., violent, raging, ex- i poet., harmless. cessive, dolor-; vast, immense, mons; en- in-speratus, a, um, adj. (spero) Unraptured, inspired, vates. hoped for, unexpected. insciusp a, urn, adj. (in-scio) Not know- inspicio, exi, ectum, 3. v. tr. (in-specio) ing, ignorant, unconscious. To look into or upon. 2. To look at, in-scribo, psi, ptum, 3. v. tr. To write view, inspect, examine carefully. 3. in or upon, to inscribe, mark. Mentally, to look at, examine, consider; in-s6quor, cfitus, 3. v. dep. tr. To fol- understand. losu, follow after; to pursue; w. infin., in-spiro avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. wo proceed. 2. Trop., to pursue with To blow into or upon, aurae ramis arbowords, to censure, reproach; to pursue rum. 2. Tr., to blow or breathe into; to any thing earnestly; to endeavor. inspire, to excite. in-sbrop 6rui, rtum, 3. v. tr. To put in instarp n. indecl. An image, likeness, or into, to insert. resemblance; form, figure, appearance; inserto, 1. v. tr. freq. (id.) (Poet. and value, worth. lat.) To put into, inse/rt. instauro~ avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. To renew, insertus, a, um, part. of insero. repeat, celebrate anew, ludos, sacrificium, insideo, sadi, sessum, 2. v. intr. and tr. etc. 2. To renew, in gen., bellum, etc.; (in-sedeo) To sit in or upon; to be situ- to repair, restore; poet., to requite. ated on, to occupy, locum. 2. Trop., to in-sternog strfvi, stratum, 3. v. tr. be fixed or seated in, to adhere to, in me- (Poet. and lat.) To spread or lay over; moria. to cover over, cover. insidiae, arum, f. pl. (id.) An ambush, instigo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (rad. stigo, anmbuscade, either persons or a place. kindr. w. cariw) To instigate, set on, 2. Trop., a snare, plot, wile, artifice, surge, incite, stimulate, encourage. stratagem, treachery. instituo7 ui, 11tum, 3. v. tr. (in-statuo) in-sido, sedi, sessum, 3. v. intr. and tr.! To put, place, or set into. 2. To put up, To sit down in or upon, to settle on, apes. build, erect,found; to prepare, arrange 2. In partic., to settle in a place in order to appoint, institute, ordain; to procure, to dwell there, to take possession of, oc- gain. 3. To begin, undertake, histocupy; trop., to be fixed, be rooted in, ad- riam, iter, also, w. infin. 4. To resolve. here to, in animo. aliquid facere. 5. To instruct, train insigne, is, n. (insignis) A distinctive up. mark, token, badge; a sign; a badge of in-sto7 stiti, 1. v. intr. To stand in or honor, decoration, ornament. upon. 2. Of place, to be near. 3. Of insignbis e, adj. (in-signum) Marked time, to be near at hand, to impend, by any thing, distinguished by; hence, threaten. 4. Trop., to be near in a hos INS 312 INT tile manner, to press upon, pursue; to (Poet. and lat.) Undefled, unviolated, push on, urge Jorward, zealously devote inviolate, pure. one's self to any work; to continue, per- intempestus, a, urn, adj. (in-tempessist in, poscere; to demand, solicit, in- tas) Unseasonable; i. nox, the dead of sist upon. night (unseasonable for any work); also instructusp a, urn, Pa. (instruo) Ar- w. Nox personified, the dismal Night. ranged, set iin order, drawn up. 2. Fur- 2. Transf., unwholesome, unhealthy. nished or provided with, re aliqua. 3. in-tendo, di, tum and sum, 3. v. tr. To Instructed. stretch out, extend; to bend a bow; to in-struo7 xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To build in aim, sagittas; to stretch or put uponb a or into. 2. To build, erect, con/struct. 3. thing; brachia tergo, to bind. 2. Trop., To set in order, arrange, draw up in to strain toward, to direct or taeti toarray, aciem, copias. 4. To furnish or ward; to direct one's atteltion to, to be provide with any thing, fit out, equip, intent upon, w. animum and also abs.; mensas epulis, socios armis. 5. To in- to threaten one with a thing, to seek to struct, teach. bring upon, alicui litem; w. animo, or in-suetus7 a, um, adj. (suesco) Act., abs., to intend, purpose, endeavor. unaccustomed, unused to a thing; hence, intentop avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (intens. of inexperienced in, unacquainted with, ali- id.) To stretch out or extend toward. cujus. 2. Pass., to which one is not ac- 2. Trop., to stretch out threateningly, to customed, unusual, unwonted. threaten, arma, mortem. insiila, ae, f. An island. 2. A large intentus7 a, um, part. and Pa. (intendo) tenement house let out in portions to Stretched, straisned. 2. Trop., ex)pectseveral families. ant; intenst, eager, attentive. insultop avi, atum, 1. v. intr. (in and sa- inter, prep. w. ace. Between, betwixt; lio, to leap) (Poet.) To leap or spring of more than two, amosng, amid. 2. at or upon. 2. Trop., to be insolent to- Of time, between, horain tertiam et quarward, to scoff at, revile, insult. tam; in the course of, durizng. 3. Inter in-sumap fui, esse, v. intr. To be in or se, with each other or one another, one upon. with another, mutually. in-suop ui, ftum, 3. v. tr. To sow in or inter-clido, asi, usum, 3. v. tr. into, sew up in. (claudo) To shut or block up, to stop a in-super, adv. and prep. Adv., above, passage, to cut off, fugam. 2. To caut on the top. 2. (Lat.) From above. 3. off one from anything; to hinzder. 3. To Over and above, rnoreover, besides. II. shut in, aliquem. Prep., w. ace., over, above. inter-dum acdv. Somnetimses, occasionin-supfr5abiis a e, ad. (supero) That ally, now and then. 2. Mleanwhile (lat.). cannot be passed over, insurmountable, inter-ea adv. In the nean time, nseanimpassable. 2. Unconquerable. while. in-surgo7 rexi, rectum, 3. v. intr. (Poet. inter-for, Atus, 1. v. dep. tr. To speak and lat.) To rise upon, rise up, rise, esp. between, to interrupt. to perform ally thing with more vigor. inter-fundop fdi, usum. 3. v. tr. (Poet. 2. In gen., to rise, lit. and trop. and lat.) To pour betucween; and mid., insutus, a, um, part. of insuo. interfundi, tojflow between. in-tactusp a, um, adj. (tango) TUn- interfiisus, a, um, part. (id.) Poured touched. 2. In partic., unhurt, unin- between; mid., fo-wing betweeni; majured. 3. Untried, unattempted. 4. Un- culls i. genas, suffused. defiled, pure, chaste. interiory ius, Oris, adj. (comp. of obs. int6ger7 gra, grgrum, adj. (in and tago = interus) Sup., intimus, a, umn. Tile tango) Untouched, hence, unhurt, un- inner, interior, on the inside; nearer; impaired, whole, entire; unexhausted, more secret, less knowon; closes, snore insound, vigorous; poet., pure,fresh, fons, timate. etc. 2. Trop., blameless, spotless, inno- inter-luo7 3. v. tr. To wash or flow cent, honest, virtuous, irreproachable; between. unbiased, impartial; in which nothing interpresp 6tis, c. (inter and pres, kindr. has yet been done, undecided, undeter- w. qpaSow) One who negotiates between mined. two parties, a mediator, negotiator, facin-tUmiratus; a, um, adj. (temero) INT 313 IOx tor, agent. 2. An explainer, expounder, to rush upon, attack, assail. 3. Trop., translator, interpreter. to fall upon, seize, take possession of, in-territus, a, urnm, adj. (terreo) Un- usurp; to assail with angry or reproachterrified, iundaunted; classis i. fertur, ful words, to accost thus. without obstruction. in-vglidusp a, um, adj. _Not strong, inter-rumpo, fipi, uptum, 3. v. tr. infirmr, weak, feeble. To break asunder or into pieces. 2. invectusp a, um, part. from Trop., to interrupt, disturb, orationem, in-veho, exi, ectum, 3. v. tr. To carry, iter. bring or bear in or into.'. In the pass., interruptus, a, um, part. and Pa. (id.) to ride, drive, sail to or into; alko, to Broken up, interrupted, disturbed; sepa- enter, penetrate. 3. Trop., to attack rated, scattered. with words. intervallum7 i, n. (inter and vallus, a in-vdnio, eni, entum, 4. v. tr. To stake, palisade) The space between two come upon, light upon, meet with, find. palisades; hence, in gen., space between, 2'. Trop.-. to find out, ascertain, discover; interval, distance. 2. Of time, an in- to invent, devise, contrive; to procure, terval, pause. 3. Difference. obtain, effect. in-texo, xui, xtum, 3. v. tr. To weave inventors oris, m. (id.) An inventor, into, to inweave, interweave. 2. (Poet.) contriver, author. To bind around, surround, cover, hastas inventusp a, um, part. of invenio. foliis. in-vergo7 3. v. tr. (Poet.) To incline intimus5 a, um, adj. (sup. of interior) or turn to; topour upon. The inmost, innermost. 2. Trop., tlhe in-victus7 a, um, adj. Unconquered; nost profound; most secret, most in- hence, unconquerable, invincible. timate. Subs., intimus, i, m., a most in-video,!di, Isum, 2. v. tr. and intr. To intimate friend. look askance at (hence, enviously, maliin-t6no, ul, 1. v. intr. and tr. To thun- ciously, etc.). 2. To envy, grudge one any der; trop., to resound, roar. 2'. Tr., to thing; to be loth, unwilling (w. an infinithunderforth, aliquid. tive). Constr. usually w. dat.; also w. in-torqueo, orsi, ortum, 2. v. tr. To ace., or (poet.) w. gen. of the thing. twist, turn around. 2. To brandish, invidiap ae, f. (id.) Envy, grudge, jealhurl or cast against. ousy, ill-will, hatred. 2. Freq. pass., of intrap adv. and plrep. (contr. fr. intera one who is the object of envy, etc., [sc. parte], ablative of obs. interus; v. odium, unpopularity. interior) Adv., on the inside, within. in-viso, si, sum, 3. v. tr. To look after, II. Prep. w. acc., within (of space and go to see, visit. time); of number, under,fewer than. invisusy a, um, adj. (Pa. of invideo) in-tractabilis7 e, adj. (Poet. and lat.) Hated, detested, hateful, odious. Intractable, unmanageable; rough, rude; in-visusp a, urn, adj. (video) Unseen, w. bello, invincible. unnoticed. in-tr6moy ui, 3. v. intr. (Poet and lat.) invito advi, atum, 1. v. tr. To invite as a To tremble, quake. guest, and hence, to treat, entertain; to intro5 avi, Btum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (fr. drink to, to pledge, aliquem poculis. adv. intro, fr. intero [loco]; v. intra) 2. In gen., to invite, summon, challenge, To go into, enter; to penetrate. to incite, allure, attract. introgr6dior, essus, 3. v. dep. intr. invitus, a, um, adj. Against one's will, (adv. intro, within, and gradior) (Poet.) unwilling, reluctant. To step into, to enter. in-vius; a, um, adj. (in-via) Without intus5 adv. (in.) On tihe inside, zithin. a road, pathless, impassable, inaccessible, 2. To the inside, within, in. impracticable. in-ultusj a, um, adj. (ulciscor) Unre- in-volvo, vi, fitum, 3. v. tr. To roll to venged. 2. Unpunished. or upon a thing. 2. To wrap, or wind in-fitilis, e, adj. (utilis, e, useful, fr. one thing around another, aliquid corutor) Useless, unserviceable. 2. TRurt- pori; to wrap up, envelope, involve. ful, injurious. 1Znius; a, unm, adj. ('I;jLOS) Of Ionia, in-vados si, sum, 3. v. intr. and tr. a country of Asia Minor, Ionian; IonTo go, come, get, or penetrate into (usu- ium mare, or, subs., Ionium, the Ionian ally in a hostile manner). 2. In partic., Sea, that part of the Mediterranean be IOP 314 JAC tween the Peloponnesus and Southern ZItlia, ae, f. (prob. fr. 7raX6s, a bull, fr. Italy. the excellence and abundance of its 1Zpas, ae, m. A Carthaginian musi- cattle) Italy. cian. ItAlus, a, um, adj. (id.) Italian; subs., Zphltus, i, m. ('I4Lrao) The name of a Itali, orum, the Italians. Trojan. iter, Itinbris, (eo, ire, itum) A going, ipse, a, um, intens. pron. (is-pse) Him- a way, journey, march made to a place. self, herself, itself; w. pronouns of the 2. A journey, narch, as a measure of first and second persons, myself, thyself, distance. 3. Concr., a wlay, road, path, etc. 2. To add precision or emphasis, passage, in which one travels. just, exactly, precisely, the very. Mitrum, adv. (itero, to do a second time, ira; ae, f. Anger, wrath, rage, resent- to repeat) Again, a second time. 2. ment; transf. (poet.), an embodiment Transf., on the other hand, on the conof anger, a scourge, curse. trary (rar.). Iris~ Idis, f. (wIpeL) Daughter of Thaumas Ithaca% ae, f. CIO K-q) An island in the and Electra, the goddess of the rainbow Ionian Sea, celebrated as the kingdom and messenger of Juno. of Ulysses and of hisfather Laertes. irr~medbilis, e. adj. (in and re-meo) Ithacus7 a, um, adj. (id.) Of Ithaca, (Poet.) From which one can not return, Ithacan; subs., Ithacus, i, m., the Ithairretraceable. can, i. e., Ulysses. ir-rideo (inr.), Isi, Isum, 2. v. intr. and IZulus, i, m. Another name for Ascanius, tr. To laugh at a person or thing, to the son of Aeneas. joke, j est. 2. Tr., to mock, ridicule, de- Ixion, 6nis, m. ('Iiwv) King of the ride. Lapithae and father of Pirithouts, wcho, ir-rigo (inr.), avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. To having incurred the anger of Jupiter, leadl or conduct water, etc., to or into a was bound in Tartarus to an ever replace.'2. To water, irrigate; to inun- volving wheel. date; to swet, moisten, bedew; trop., w. quietem, to diffuse. irrisus, a, um, part. of irrideo. J. irritatus, a, um, (part. of irrito) Excited, irritated. jaceo, cui, cItum, 2. v. intr. (jacio) Prop., irrito, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To excite, to be cast or thrown down; hence, 1. To irritate, provoke, incite, stimulate, insti- lie, to lie prostrate; in partic., to lie ill or gate. sick; to lie dead or slain; of places, to irritus, a, um, adj. (in and ratus, fr. lie or be situated; to lie low, be low or reor) Invalid, void. 2. Vain, useless, flat; to lie spread out or broad. 2. Trop., without effect, unavailing, in vain. 3. to be idle or inactive; to be cast dozen, deOf persons, accomplishing nothing, to no jected; to be prostrate, be without power purpose. or esteem; of things, to be neglected or ir-rumpo (inr.), fEpi, uptum, 3. v. intr. sunemployed. To break, burst, or rush in or into. 2. jacio, jaci, jactum, 3. v. tr. To throw, Trop., to break or rush in, calamitates. cast, hurl; poet., to send forth. 2. To ir-ruo (inr.), ui, 3. v. intr. To rush in or lay, set, construct, erect (prop. by throwupon. ing, casting, etc.). 3. Trop., to throw, is, ea, id, demons. pron. (I, Zi) He, she, cast, contumeliam; to throw out in speak. zt; this or that person or thing; such, ing, to utter, intimate, declare. of such a sort. jactans, antis, Pa. (jacto) Boasting. iste7 a, ud, demons. pron. (is-te) This vain-glorious. or that person or thing; it usually refers jacto, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (freq. of jacio) to the person spoken to, or to something To throw, cast, hurl; to throw or toss belonging to him, and may be rendered about; to drive about; to throw away, this (or that) of yours; such; often used cast off. 2. Trop., to throw ou.t threats; contemptuously. to torment, disquiet, disturb; to consider, istinc, adv. (iste-hinc).From there, discuss; to throw out, intimnate, utter, thence. speak; w. se, to boast; to be officious or ita, adv. (is-ta) So, thus, to denote de- activye in, to devote one's self to. gree and manner. \ jactUira; ac, f. (id.) A throwing away. JAc 315 JUV 2. Loss, damage, detriment. 3. Expense, bar, the cross-lath of a trellis for supportcost. ing vines, etc.; a weaver's beam; a rowjacfilor, atus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. er's bench; a height or ridge of a moun(jaculum) To throw, cast, hurl. 2. To tain. 3. Trop., the yoke, bonds of slavery, throw at, strike, hit, cervos. II. Intr., I matrimony, etc. to hurl the javelin.'Julius, ii, m. Name of a Roman gens, jafiulum i, n. (jaculus, a, um, that is the most distinguished of which were C. thrown, fr. jacio) A dart, javelin. Julius Cesar and his adopted son Augusiam7 adv. (for iasm, fr. is; prop., at this tus, also called Julius. time) Now, already. 2. Of future time, junctfira, ae, f. (jungo) A joining, soon, presently. 3. To denote transi- uniting; concr., a joint. tion, now, therefore, furthermore. 4. jungo, nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. To join, With other particles: jam tum, just or unite, bind together; in partic., to yoke. even then, already; jam nunc, even now; harness. jam pridem, long since; jam dudum, long Juno7 Onis, f. The goddess Jno, daughsince, a good while ago; also (poet.), im- er of Saturn, and sister and wife of Jumediately, instantly. piter. jamdfidum, v. jam. Juinonius7 a, um, adj. (id.) Of Juno, janltor, Oris, m. (jauna) A door-keeper. Junonian. porter. Juplter, J6vis, m. (din-pater, father of j.nua, ae, f. A door, house-door; transf., light) Son of Saturn and Cybele, and an entrance, in gen. king of gods and men. 2. Meton., the j6cur, Oris, and jbcinbris, n. Gl7rap) The sky, the air. liver. jfiro, avi, Mtum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (jus) juba, ae, f. The mane of a horse or other Intr., to swear, take an oath; to conspire. animal. 2. Transf., the hair of the head; 2. Tr., to swear something, to declare on the crest of a helmet, serpent, etc. oath; to swear by a person or thing, to jubar, aris, n. (id.) The flowing, hair- invoke. like light, radiance, or beams of the sun jus, jalris, n. (fr. same root as jubeo) or other heavenly bodies. 2. Meton., a Right, law, justice, equity. 2. A right heavenly body, a luminary. founded on nature, custom or law. 3. jfiibeo, jussi, jussum, 2. v. tr. To order, A right conceded, privilege, authority, bid, command; in a milder sense, to en- power. 4. A courtofjustice. Jus and fas treat, urge, invite; to wish, desire. 2. differ, in referring, the former to human. In partic., of the senate and people, to and the latter to divine law. Cf. lex. order, decree, etc. jussum, i, n. (jubeo) An order, cornjUcundus, a, um, adj. (jocus, a joke, mand; a decree. jest) Pleasant, agreeable, deleghtful. jussus, a, um, part. (id.) ufidex icis, c. (jus-dico) A judge. jussus, is, m. (used only in the abl. Jfidicium, ii, n. (id.) A judicial investi- sing.) (id.) An order, command. gation, a trial; transf., a judicial sen- iustitia, ae, f. (justus) Justice, equity. tence, decision; also, a court of justice. justus, a, um, adj. (jus) Just, righteous. 2. A judgment, decision, opinion, in gen. 2. Transf., lawful, rightful, legitimate; 3. The faculty of judging, judgment, dis- proper, suitable, complete, perfect, right. cernment. juivanulis, e, adj. (juvenis) Youthful, jiiglis, e, adj. (jugum) (Poet. and lat.) juvenile. Subs., juvenalia, ium, n., a Yoked. 2. Trop., matrimonial, nuptial. juvenile festival. jug.rum, i. n. An acre, or more prop., juvencus, a, um, adj. (id.) Young. More a juger of land, containing 28,800 square freq. subs., juvencus, i, m. (sc. bos), a feet-about five-eighths of an English young bullock; (sc. homo) a youngman; acre. juvenca, ae, f. (sc. bos) a heifer; also, a jugo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (jugum) To girl. yoke, to bind or join; to join in mar- jfivu nis, is, c. Young, youthful. 2. riage, to marry. Subs., a young man or woman, a youth jfigum, i, n. (Cvydv) A yoke for oxen; (a term applied to men from 17 up to 45 also, a collar for horses. 2. Transf., a or 50 years of age). yoke or pair of cattle, a span of horses; juventa ae, f. (id.) The season of youth, also, a pair, in gen.; any yoke-like cross- youth. JUV 316 LAE jiiventas, atis, f. (id.) (Poet.) The time lagc lactis, n. (kindr. w. ya:Aa, ya-AaKT-os) of youth, youth. Ailk. 2. The milky juice of plants. juventus, itis, f. (id.) The season of LAcaena, ae, adj. f. (A iaLva) Laceyouth (from the twentieth to the fortieth daemonian, Spartan; subs., a Laceyear), youth. 2. Concr., young persons, daemonian or Spartan wosean. youth. Lgc6daem6niusq a, urn, adi. (AaKEjUvo, jidvi, jftum, 1. v. tr. To help, aid, BatOLL6Log) Of Lacedaemon, Lacedaemoassist, support. 2. To please, gratify, nian, Spartan. delight. licerv Ora, brum, adj. (kindr. w. XAaKs) juxta, adv. and prep. (prob. for junxta, Mlan gled, lacerated, torn.. Transf., fr. junno) Adv., near, near by, nigh. 2. act. (poet.), lacerating. Transf., in like manner, equally, alike. lcro, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To tear I. Prep. w. acc. Of place, close to, near to pieces. rend, mangle, lacerate. 2. to, har-d by. 2,. Of succession, next to, Trop., to tear to pieces with words, to immediately after. censure, rail at, traduce, asperse, slander; to destroy, ruin, squander, patriam, pecuniam. L. lacertusy i, m. The muscular, upper part of the arm, from the shoulder to lua -f~5ciog feci, factum, 3. v. tr; pass., the elbow, the upper arm; transf., the labe-fio, factus sum, fieri (labo-facio) To arm, in gen. 2. Trop., muscular arms, cause to totter, to shake, loosen. 2. Trop., mnuscle, strength (of style). to wzeaken, to destroy, overthrow, fidem, lacesso, Ivi, or ii, Itum, 3. v. tr. (obs. etc.; of the mind, to cause to waver, to lacio, to entice) To excite, provoke, exshake. asperate, irritate; in partic., to provoke 1ibes, is, f. (labor) A falling, sinking to combat, to challenge; also, to attack, dowiz or inz.'2. Trop., afall = ruin, de- assail; deos precibus, to importune. 2. struction. 3. A spot, stain, blemish; also, To stir up, call forth, arouse, produce, trop., a stain, blot, disgrace. sermones, pugnam. labo, avi, uitum, 1. v. intr. (kindr. w. Lacinius) a, um, adj.- Of Lacinium, a labor) To totter, be ready to fall, waver, promontory in Bruttium, with a temple yield, give way. 2. Trop., to waver, be un- of Juno, Lacinian. stable or infirm; also, to sink, go to ruin. lacrimap ae, f. (&iKpvrla) A tear. labor, lapsus, 3. v. dep. intr. To fall 1acrimdbilis, e, adj. (id.) (Poet. and down or off, to glide or slide down, to lat.) Worthy of tears, piteous, mournglide, glide away; to slip away, escape. ful. 2. Trop., to glide away, aetas; tofall, go lacrimol avi, atum (sometimes dep., lacto ruin, perish,' to fall into, come or turn rimor, atus), 1. v. intr. and tr. (id.) To to, in vitium; to fall into error, to err, weep, shed tears. 2. Tr. (rar.), to weepl mistake. at, bewail anything. hibor, (or labos) Oris, m. Labor, toil, lAcus, ais, m. (AaKos, A C'oKs) A lake. exertion, effort, struggle; work, task; pond; poet., of a river. 2. A reservoir, transf., poet., work, workmaanhip. basin, tank, cistern. Hardship, fatigue, trouble, distress, mis- laedo, si, sum, 3. v. tr. To strike or Lfortune, disaster. Poet., labores solis, dash against (thus but once), naves ad eclipses of the sun. saxa. 2. To hurt, injure, damage by libro7 Avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (id.) striking. 3. Trop., to trouble, annoy, Intr., to labor, exert one's self, strive, take vex, offend, injure, abuse. pains. 2. To suffer, to be troubled or laena, ae, f. (XAaiva) A cloak-, mantle. afflicted. 3. To care, be anxious or so- Liertius, a, um, adj. Of Las'tes, the licitous. II. Tr., to fashion, form, father of Ulysses, Laertian. make, elaborate. 2. To labor at, culti- laesus, a, um, part. of laedo. vate, fructus. laetitia, ae, f. (laetus) Joy, delight, Labyrinthus, i, m. The Labyrinth, a gladness, joyfulness. celebrated structure in Crete, built by laetor, Atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (id.) To reDaedalus for king Minos, and full of joice, be joyful or glad at any thing. intricate, winding passages. There was laetus, a, um, adi. Joyful, glad, cheeralso a similar one in Egypt. ful. 2. Doing a thing with joy, willing, LAE 317 LAT ready; deightingy or taking pleasulre in LApithaep arum, m. (AariOat) A rude a thing, also pleased, satisfied, aliqua re; people of Thessaly, celebrated for their causing joy, lucky, auspicious,favorable; combat with the Centaurs at the weddiby pleasiIg the senses, delightful, pleasing, of Pirithous. agreeable, beautiful; of soil, etc.,fertile, lapsog are, v. freq. intr. (labor) (Poet. rich; of discourse, copious; of cattle, and lat.) To totter, slip, slide. fat. lapsus, a, um, part. of labor. laevus, a, um, adj. (kindr. w. Aatu6) lapsus ius, m. (id.) A falling, fall; Left, on the left side; subs., laeva, ae, f. a slipping, sliding, flowzing, a gliding (sc. manns), the left hand, or (sc. pars), movement of any kind, a flying, flight, the left side. Adv. (poet.), laevum, on swoop, a running, a course; poet., w. the left. 2. Trop., awkscard, foolish, rotarum, rolling wheels. 2. Trop., a stupid, infatuated, mens; in augury, slip, blunder, error, fault. fortunate, lucky, prcpitious, favorable 1Aquear, aris, n. (kindr. w. lacus) (Poet. (the Roman augurs facing the south and and lat.) A ceiling formed of intersectthe omens in the east being most aus- ing beams with hollow spaces between picious); in the nsage of the Greeks, variously ornamented, apanelled orfretwhose seers faced the north, unfortu- ted ceiling. nate, unprohtioues (rar.). Lar, Aris, and mostly pl. Lares, um and lambo, bi, bitum, 3. v. tr. To lick.. ium, m. The Lares, tutelar deities Transf., of fire, to touch lightly; of a among the Romans, belonging originally stream, to wash, flow by. to the Etruscan religion and worshipped himentap Orlm, n. pl. A wailing, weep- as the guardians of particular localities; ing, moanizng, lamentation. especially, 2. The tutelar deities of a 1imentabilis, e, adj. (lamentor, to la- house or family, household gods. 3. ment) Deplcorn4l7e, pitiable, lamentable. Meton., a hearth, dwelling, ho/ne. 2. Plaintive, doleful, vox. largus, a, um, adj. Abundant, copious, lampas, adis, f (Aak7rcrs) A light, torch, plentiful, large, spacious, expansive, flablleau, taper, lamp. 2. Trop., splen- much. 2. Giving abundantly, bountiful, dor, brightness, lustre. profuse, liberal, munificent. a1niger, 6ra. 5rum, adj. (lana, wool, and Lhrissaeus, a, um, adj. Of Larissa, gero) Wool-bearing, fleecy. - an ancient city of Thessaly, Larissaean, lanio, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To tear to Thessalian. pieces, lacerate, mangle. lassus, a, um, adj. (kindr. w. laxus) L'i &c6on, ontis, m. (AaOK6owv) A son of Wearied, tired, fatigued. Priam and priest of Apollo, killed by two late, adv. (latus) Broadly, widely, exserpents while offering sacrifice to Nep- tensively, far and zide, far around. tune. latebra, ae, f. (lateo) A lurking or hidL56&d4miay ae, f. (lAaoi~Leta) Wife of ing-place, a retreat, covert, recess. 2. Protesilaus, the first Greek killed at Trop., a lurking-place, retreat; in parTroy, who followed her husband to the tic., a subterfuge, pretence. Lower WVorld by a voluntary death. latebrosus, a, um, adj. (id.) Full of L~-6m6donte us7 a, um, adj. Of La- hiding-places or lurking-holes; hence, omedon, father of Priam and king of w. pumex, porous; (lat.) hidden, secret, Troy; poet. for Trojan. retired. La6in& ontiades, ae, m. (Aaoa*e6ov- 16tensp entis, Pa. (lateo) Lying hid, ATL7C i) A male descendant of Laomedon, hidden, secret. esp. Priam; in the pl., poet. for the lateo, ui, 2. v. intr. (kindr. w. XaO, root Trojans. of AavOavw) To lurk, lie hid, skulk. 2. llpidisus, a, um, adj. (lapis) Full of To live in retirement; to lie sheltered, stones, stony. 2. Transf., hard as stone, secure or safe. 3. W. acc. and a nonstony personal subject (poet. and lat.), to be lApis, idis, m. (kindr. w. Xaas) A stone concealed from, unknown to; abs., to be (in gen., without reference to size or unknown, causa. form); Parls lapis, Parian marble. 2. latex, icis, m. A liquid, fluid; e. g., In partic., a mile-stone, set up on the water, wine, oil, etc. roads at every 1000 paces (= a Roman LAtinuss a, um, adj. Of Latium, Lamile); a precious stone, gem, jewel. tianz, Latin. Adv., Latine, in Latin, LAT 318 LEO Subs., Latini, orum, m., the inhabitants mos; to relax, remit, mitigate, abate, of Latium, the Latins. iram, laborem. L-tium, ii, n. The country of Italy in laxus, a, um, adj. Wide, opern, roomy, which Rome was situated. spacious, extended, domus, toga, agmen. ULt6na7 ae, f. (iiToW) Daughter of the 2. Open, loose, janua, compages. 3. Titan Coeus and Phoebe, and mother, by Slack, unstrung, habena, arcus. 4. Jupiter, of Apollo and Diana. Trop., slack, loose, lax, imperium, halatrdtus; fis, m. (latro) A barking, benas amicitiae; of time, distant. baying. 16bes; etis, m. (Ax3vs) (Poet.) A kettle, latro, avi, Atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. To caldron for cooking. bark, canes. 2. Transf., to roar, nums- lectus7 a, um, part. and Pa. of lego. ble, undae; to rant, brawl, bluster, ora- Chosen, picked; hence, 2. Choice, (xtores. 3. Tr., to bark at; trop., to as- cellent. sail. lectus, i, m. (lego) A couch, bed; in 1,itus, a, urnm, adj. (kindr. w. mraTrv) partic., a nuptial-couch; also, a dinin2gBroad, wide. 2. In gen., wide-spread- couch. ing, wide-extended, large, mare, popu- L.da, ae, f. (ASiaS) Wife of Tyndarus, los. 3. Trop., broad, wide-spread; of king of Sparta, and mother, by Jtupiter, style, diffuse, copious. of Helen, Clytemnestra, Castor, and Poliatus, eris, n. The side, flank of men or lzx. animals. 2. Transf., in gen., the side, WLdaeus; a, tm, adj. Of Leda, Leflank, lateral surface of any thing; in daean; w. Hermione, because she was partic., the flank of an army. the granddaughter of Leda. laudo, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (laus) To 1lgifer; 6ra, 5rum, adj. (lex-fero) (Poet.) praise, commend, laud, eulogize. 2. Law-giving. Transf., to quote, cite, mention, name a l6go; legi, lectum, 3. v. tr. (Aeyw) To person as any thing (usually with com- bring together, to gather, collect; w. vela, mendation). to gather in,furl; to gather or take unlaurens, entis, adj. Of Laurentum, justly, to carry off, steal; w. an object of the capital town of Latium in the reign place, to go or pass through, to traverse, of Latinus, Laurentian. course along; also, to pass or sail by, laurus, i, rarely is, f. A laurel-tree,. coast along a place. 2. To pick out, sebay-tree, laurel. 2. Meton., a laurel lect, choose, elect. 3. Trop., to gather up, crown or wreath; hence = a triumph, catch with the ear, overhear, sermonem; vzictory. to gather or catch with the eye, to oblaus, laudis, f. Praise, fame, renown, serve, survey, and in partic., to read, glory, esteen. 2. Meton., a praisewor- peruse; also, to read aloud, read out, rethy action, praiseworthy conduct, merit, cite; to read or call over names. desert. L-naeus, a, um, adj. (At-vaLos) (Poet.) Lavinia; ae, f. The daughter of La- Of or belonging to Bacchus, Bacchic. tinus, and wife of Aeneas. Lenaean. Livinium, ii, n. A city of Latium, 16nio7 Lvi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. (lenis) To founded by Aeneas, and named in honor make softer, to soften, mollify; to alleof his wife Lavinia; now called Pra- viate, mitigate, assuage, allay, soothe, tica. calm. Livinius (rarely LavInus), a, um, adj. 16nis, e, adj. Soft, mild, smooth, gentle, Of Lavinium. Lavinian. lit. and trop. lAvro, lavi and livalvi, lautum, lIvatum lento, Avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (lentus) (Poet. and l1tum, 1 and 3, v. tr. and intr. (Aoaw) and lat.) To bend. To wash, bathe, lave, manus; transf., to lentus; a, um, adj. (lenis, lenitus, fr. wet, moisten, bedew, lacrimis; trop., to lenio) Pliant,flexible; tough, tenacious; wash away, mala vino. 2. Intr., lavo, sticky, viscous. 2. Transf., slowc, slugor mid. lavor, to bathe. gish, immovable, amnis. 3. Trop., lastlaxo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (laxus) To ing, protracted, amor, militia; slow, temake swide, roomy, or spacious, to stretch dious in speech or action; af character, out, extend, expand. 2. To undo, loosen, easy, tranquil, calm, listless, indifferent. open, relax, release, free, clear, claustra. 16o, Onis, m. (Aiwv) A lion; also, the 3. Trop., to lighten, relieve, refresh, ani- constellation Leo. LER 319 LIG Lerna, ae, f. (Aipvr) A small lake near libens, entis, Pa.(impers. libet,itpleases) Argos in Greece, where abode the Ler- Acting with willingness, readiness, wilnaean IHydra slain by Hercules. ling, ready, —generally expressed by adlEtalis; e, adj. (letum) Deadly, fatal, verbs, readily, willingly, withpleasure. mortal. Liber; eri, m. (fr. liber, free; as the god LWthaeus, a, um, adj. (Aqna-oe) Of who frees fr. care; or fr. libo) An old Lethe, a river in the infernal regions, Italian deity, afterwards identical with whose waters caused forgetfulness of Bacchus. 2. Meton., wine. the past, Lethean. libertas, atis, f. (liber, free) Liberty, eItifer; Bra, erum, adj. (letum-fero) freedom. 2. In partic.,civilliberty, opp. (Poet.) Death-bringing, deadly. to slavery; political liberty of a people; ltum; i, n. (perh. fr. 1lvo) Death. 2. (lat.) liberty orfreedom of epeech,frankMeton., of things, ruin, destruction. ness, boldness, candor. 3. Personified., Leucaspis1 is, m. A conmpanion of Libertas, the goddess of Liberty. Aeneas, lost with Orontes. libo, a1vi, atum, 1. v. tr. (Ae;ow) To Leucdta or Leucates7 ae, f. (.AevK,- take a little from any thing, to take away. Tas) A promontory of the island of Leu- 2. In partic., to crop, gramina dentibus; cadia. to taste of, taste; poet., to touch, cibos l1vaSmen, inis, n. (levo) An allevia- digitis; wv. oscula, to kiss; to pour out tion, nzitigation, solace. in honor of a deity, to make a libation of lvis, e, adj. Light in weight, not heavy, any liquid, pocula; also, to offer, present, opp. to gravis; w. cibus, light, easy to consecrate other things, e. g., frugem digest; light in motion, swift, quick, Cereri, dapes, carmina, etc.; to less2. Poet., remindor meditate upon, to consider, aliquid; ing of a thing, nota, versus. also, abs., w. secum, and rar. w. de. 2. mem6ribilisp e, adj. (memoro) Worthy With a view to action, to design, pur- to be mentioned, memorable, remarkpose, intend, w. ace., or infin.; also, to able. be occupied ewith, to prepare. 3. To ex- m6m6oro, Bvi, ltum, 1. v. tr. (memor) ercise one's self in, to practice, abs., and To call to remembrance, to mention; w. ace. hence, to recount, relate, declare, say, medium, ii, n. (medius) The middle, tell. the midst. 2. In partic., the midst of'mendaxp acis, adj. (mentior) Lying, all, the public, the scorld, publicity, in decei(ful, false, homo. 2. Trop. (mostly medium proferre, venire, etc.; also, the poet.), deceptive, delusive,fictitious, councommunity, the public good. ter1feit. m6dius, a, urnm, adj. (kindr. w. tefaos) VXnla-us, i, m. (.NIEv6aos) Son of In the middle or midst, midst of, mid, Atreus, brother of Agamemznon, husband middle, intermediate. 2. Trop., middle of Helen, king of Sparta, and one of the between extremes, hence, moderate, tem- leaders of the Greeks against Troy. perate, ordinary, middling; in clinging I 1Y6noetes, is, m. (.AIEMog1Ts) One of to neither side, uncertain, doubtful; of the companions of Aeneas. neither party, neutral; mediating, as a mens, mentis, f. (root men, whence mediator, medius pacis bellique. memini and ueivos) The mind, intellect, M6edon, ontis, m. A Trojan, or an ally intellectualfaculties, understanding. 2. of the Trojans. The heart, soul, disposition, feeling s; m6dulla7 ae, f. (medifus) The marrow also, thought, plan, purpose, design, inof bones. 2. Transf., the pith of plants. tention. 3. Trop., the marrow, innernost or best mensa7 ae, f. (perh. fr. root men, whence part, heart. eminere, to project, be prominent) A MEN 326 YIN table, in gen. 2. Meton., food, viands; 3. Trop., pure, real, genuine, true, lia course at table. bertas. mensisq is, m. (kindr. w.- jov) A messus7 a, um, part. of meto. month. met; a suffix attached to the pronouns mentiory Itus, 4. v. dep. intr. and tr. ego, tu, and sometimes to meus = self To lie, speak falsely; to feign; of things, e. g., egomet, I myself. to deceive. 2. Tr., tofalsely pretend, to meta, ae, f. Any conical figure, a cone. feign, fabricate; to assume the appear- 2. In partic., the conical-shaped column ance of, to imitate, counterfeit, aliquid. at each end of the Roman circus, around mentitus a, um (part. of id. in pass. which the charioteers, in racing, made signif.) P'eigned, pretended, counter- seven circuits, the turning-post, goal; feit.. transf. (poet.), a prosnozntory, point or mentum; i, n. The chin of persons extremity of land, to be doubled in sailand animals; transf. (poet), the beard. ing, Pachyni; also, any similar goal or mercors atus, 1. v. dep. intr. and tr. limit. 3. Trop. (poet.), a goal, end, ez(merx, merchandise) Intr., to trade, tremity, limit, boundary, vitae, etc. traic. 2. Tr., to buy, purchase, aliquid. mbtallum7 i, n. (fkerahXAo) A metal, as Mercurius) ii, m. (Gr.'EpO~is) Jlier- gold, silver, iron, etc.; also, transf., of cury, son of Jupiter and Maia, and minerals in gen., as marble, chalk, sulmessenger of the gods; also, the god of phur, salt. 2. The place where metals eloquence, the patron of orators, mer- are dug, a mine. chants, and even of thieves; the guar- mbtoc messui, messum,3.v.tr. Tomou', dian of the high-roads, and the conduc- reap, cut, gather, segetem. 2. Transf. tor of departed souls to the other world. (poet.), to cut off, pluck or pull off, barmbrens7 entis, Pa. (mereo) Deserving bam, copillos; hence, also, to mosw down, (well or ill). cut down, in battle, etc. m6reo, ui, Itum, and dep., mereor, itus, metuens, entis, Pa. (metuo) Fearing, 2. v. tr. and intr. To deserve, merit, afraid, apprehensive. be wor-thy of something (good or bad); mntuo, ui, uftum, 3. v. tr. and intr. (meconstr. w. acc., ut, ne, infin., or abs. 2. tus) To fear, be afraid of; and abs., to In partic., to earn, gain, acquire, aera, fear, be afraid; also, to hesitate, zot vengloriam; in milit. lang., w. stipendia or I ture, not wish. abs. (lit., to earn pay), to serve as a sol- mntus7 ius, m. Fear, dread, anxiety; dier. poet., religious awe; concr. (poet.), a mergo, si, sum, 3. v. tr. To dip, dip cause of dread, a terror. in, immerse, plunge into, aliquid in meus, a, um, poss. adj. pron. (me) RMy, aquam. 2. To sink down or in, plunge mine. or drive in, fix in, etc., aliquid in ali- mnlco7 ui, 1. v. intr. To move to and fro quid; hence, to hide, conceal, vultum, with a quick and tremulous or vibrating diem. 3. Trop., to sink, overwhelm, ali- motion, to quiver, shake, tremble, beat, quem malis, etc. palpitate. 2. Of the tremulous motion mergus, i, in. (id.) A diver, a kind of of light, to twinkle, glitter, flash, gleanz. water-fowl. migro, avi, Atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. Intr., mbritumr i, n. (meritus) That which to remove from one place to another, to one deserves, desert = either reward or migrate. 2. Trop.. to go away, lepast, punishment. 2. That which makes one ex vita, voluptas. 3. Tr. (rar.), to carry deserving, a merit; esp. in a good sense, away, transport; also, to transgress, vioa service, benefit; also, in a bad sense, late, legem. demerit, blame, fault. miles, itis, m. c. (mille) A soldier; esp., merltus3 a, um, Pa. (mereo) Act., de- afoot-soldier; collect. in sing., voldierw, serving.?. Pass., deserved, due, just, soldiers. suitable, proper, right. mille, num. adj. indec. A thousand; m6rusp a, um, adj. Pure, unmixed, esp. trop. (poet.), coaitless, innumerable. II. of wine unmixed with water; subs., Subst. n. (wv. a following gen.), ildec. in merum, i, n., pure wine. 2'. Transf., sing., a thousand; in pl., millia, ium, bare, nothing but, only, mere, habere thousands. meram tunicam, mera scelera loqui; mmae arum, f. (kindr. w. rare minio, (poet. and rar.) naked, uncovered, pen. to project) The projecting pinnacles of IUN 327 MIT walls, battlements (lat.). 2. Trop., threats, wonder or be astonished at, marvel at; menaces. also, to admire any thing. linerva, ae, f. The goddess of wis- mirusa'a, um, adj. lWondetful, marveldom, of the arts and sciences, of poetry, ous, strange, extraordinary. and of spinning and weaving, said to misceo7 miscui, mistum or mixtum, 2. have sprang from the brain of Jupiter, v. tr. (Eiaryw, jeiy1vvut; Germ. mischen) identical with the Grecian Pallas Athene. To nix, mingle, intermingle; in partic., minimev adv. (minimus, sup. of par- to mix, prepare a drink; also, w. proelia, vus) Least, very little. 2. An emphatic manus, etc., to join battle, engage. 2. negative in replies, by no means, not Transf., to throw into confusion, confuse. at all. disturb, embroil, agitate, pontum; to exminister, tra, trum, adj. (manus) That * cite, stir up, seditiones; to mingle, unite, is at hand, that ministers or serves, serv- severitatem, etc. ing, promoting (as an adj. poet. and rare). 1issnus i, m. Son of Aeolus, trunz2. Subst., minister, tri, m., an attendant, peter of Hector, afterwards trumpeter of taiter, servant, assistant; in relig. lang., Aeneas, drowned on the coast of Caman attendant priest, minister; an inferior pania. officeer, under-offlcial; also, a promoter, miser7 a, um, adj. Miserable, unfortuaider, abettor, accomzplice. nate, wretched, pitiable, unhappy. 2. minist6riumr ii. n. (id.) Ministry, of- Poet., violent, excessive, amor..fice, service, attendance. 2. An ofice, occu- mlserabilis, c, adj. (miseror) Pitiable, pation, business, employment. 3. Concr., miserable, deplorable. 2. Mournful, servants, attendants. plaintive, vox, etc. ministroy Avi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To misgrandus7 a, um, Pa. (id.) Pitiable, attend, serve, wait upon, esp. at table; lamentable, unfortunate. w. velis, to tend. 2. To serve up, hand, misgreo7 ui, Itum, and mIs~reor, Itus. distribute, cibos, pocula; in gen., topro- dep. 2. v. intr. (miser) To pity, comvide, furnish, supply, give, arma; also, passionate, commiserate, alicujus; imto perform, execute, jussa. pers., miseret me (te, etc.) alicujus, I'linoius7 a, um, adj. (McLvio;) Of Mi- pity. nos, king of Crete, Minoan, poet. for miserescos 3. v. inch. intr (id.) (Poet.) Cretan. To pity, have compassion on, alicujus. minor, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. and tr. (mi- mlisror atus, 1. v. dep. tr. (miser) To neo-cf. minae) To project, jut out, in lament, bewail, deplore, aliquem or alicoelum. 2. Trop. and tr., to threaten, quid. 2. Poet., to pity, commiserate. menace, alicui aliquid; also, abs. mitescoy 3. v. inch. intr. (mitis, e, mlnor7 us, adj. (comp. of parvus) Less, mild) Of fruits, to grow mild or yellow. smaller; of age, younger, and abs., a 2. In gen., to grow mild, to moderate, person under age, a minor; hence, in become gentle, hiems, fera. 3. Trop., pl., children; more freq., descendants, to grow mild, be softened, ira, saecula. posterity. mitlgo7 Rvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (mitis, mild, Minos, ois, m. (Mivws) A celebrated king and ago) To make soft, tender, or meland lawgiver of Crete, and after death a low, cibum, agros. 2. Trop., to tame, judge in the infernal regions. animal; to mitigate, assuage, alleviate, Minotaurusp i, m. (MntvJnTavpo;) A mon- morbum, labores, metum, etc.; to pacister half man and half bull, shut up in fy, appease, soothe, aliquem or animum the Cretan labyrinth and fed on human alicujus. flesh. Until killed by Theseus the Athen- mitra7 ae, f. (/eIrpa) A head-dress, turians were obliged to furnish hinm seven ban, worn by the Asiatics, later in young men and seven maidens annually. Greece and Rome by women, and ocminus7 adv. comp. (minor) Less; w. casionally by effeminate young men. haud or nec, not less, no less, quite as, mitto7 misi, missum, 3. v. tr. To send. just as. send off or away, dispatch; in partic., mirabilis7 e, adj. (miror) Wonderful, to send word, announce any thing to any marvelous, extraordinasry, strange. one; also, to throw, cast, hurl, pila, mirandus, a, um, Pa. (miror) Tonder- lapides; also, to yield,furnish as a proful, strange, etc. duct, India m. ebur. 2. To cause to go, miror, itus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. To make go, exercitum sub. jugum; to give MNE 328 MON forth, utter, sonum, orationem. 2. To let to bring aboeut, cause; to undertake, atgo, let loose, dismiss, etc., hostem, equum, tempt, fugam; to design, aim at, percertamen. 4. To dismiss, lay aside, pose, bellum; w. iter, to make one's drop, odium, curas; hence, of speech, way, to pursue, contisnue one's route. to pass over, omit, cease, forbear, male- mollioS lvi and ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. (mollis) dicta, male loqui. To soften, render pliant or supple, ceram, Mnestheaus, ei, and eos, m. (Mvna0e6v) artus olio. 2. Trop., to assuage, reA Trojan chieftain. strain, appease, quiet, check, impetum, m6bilitas, atis, f. (mobilis, e, for movi- animos; to make effeminate. bills, moveable, fr. moveo) Maoveable- moilis, e, adj. (for movilis, fr. moveo) ness, mobility; also, swiftness, rapid-J Easily moveable, pliant, supple, ftexible, ity. 2. Trop., changeableness, incon- I soft. 2. Trop., mild, gentle, pleasant, stancy. easy, favorable; tender, delicate; in a m6do, adv. (abl. of modus; lit., by bad sense, effeminate, unmanly, weak. measure, with a limit, used restrictive- I mollius, adv. comp. (id.) More softly, ly) Only, but; si modo, or modo alone, delicately or gracefully. followed by the subjunctive, if only, pro- m6neo% ui, itum, 2. v. tr. (fr. root men, vided that (in this sense a conj.). 2. Of whence memini, mens; lit.. to cause to time, just now, this moment; a little think or remember) To remind, put while ago, lately; of time just at hand, in mind of any thing. 2. To admonimmediately, directly; modo.... modo, ish, warn, advise, aliquem de re, alinow....now,'at one moment....at an- quem aliquid, aliquem alicujus, w. nt. other, etc. ne, or simple subjunct., or w. an obm6dus, i, m. A measure or standard ject clause. 3. Poet. and lat., to teach, by which any thing is measured. 2. instruct, tell, aliquem aliquid. 4. Poet., Transf., the measure of a thing, size, to announce, predict. agri; right or due measure; in music m6nile7 is, n. A necklace, collar. and poety, measure, rhythm, metre; a m6nitum, i, n. (part. of moneo) An measure not to be exceeded, a bounid, lim- admonition. 2. A prophecy (poet. and it, end; a rule, prescription, direction; a lat.). way, manner, mode, method; in gram., m6nitus, a, um, part. of moneo. the mood of a verb. m6nitus7 us, m. (id.) An admonition. moenia ium, n. (moenio = munio) The warning; in partic., an admonitioin or walls, ramparts, bulwarks of a city. 2. warning from the gods by omens, etc. Transf., a city surrounded by walls; w. li6noecus7 i, m. (M6VOLKO0, that dwells Ditis, the realm, mansion of Pluto. 3. alone) A surname of Hercules; hence, Poet., walls, in gen., the outer circum- arx Monoeci, a promontory on the ference of any thing, theatri, coeli. southern coast of Liguria, so called m6la, ae, f. (molo, to grind) A mill. 2. from the temple of Hercules Monoecus Transf., grains of spelt, coarsely ground which stood there. and mixed with salt, used to strew on mons7 tis, m. A mountain, transf., a the sacrificial victims; hence, salsa great mass, argenti, aquae; also, a mola, the salted meal. rock. m6lesv is, f. A mass, bulk (huge and monstro, Evi, atum, 1. v. tr. To show. shapeless); in partic., a huge pile, mas- point out, indicate, inform. 2. Trop. sive structure, esp. of stone; a dam or (poet. and lat.), to teach, instruct, inform, mole; a machine or engine of war. 2. show; to ordain, appoint; to advise a Trop., greatness, power, weight, mall, person in any manner. invidiae; a burden,.difficulty, labor, monstrum, i, n. (id.) Prop., in relig. trouble. lang., that which shows or indicates, an m5lior, Itus, 4. v. dep. intr. and tr. (id.) omen, as indicating the will of the gods, To set one's self in motion, to exert one's esp., an evil omen. Hence, 2. Any self, to endeavor, strive, struggle, etc. 2. strange or extraordinary thing, a marTr., to set a thing in motion with effort, vel, wonder, prodigy, phenomenon; of to move, remove, displace, montes; to living things, a monster, monstrosity. throw, hurl, ignem; to perform or effect montanus, a, um, adj. (mons) Of or anything with exertion, to construct, pertaining to a mountain, mountain-; build, make, prepare, muros, classem; full of mountains, mountainous, regio: MION 329 MUL subs., Montana, Orum, n. pl., mountain- mtus ifs, m. (moveo) A moving, moous regions. tion, movement; in partic., imotion of m6niimentum, i, n. (moneo) That the body, gesture, etc. 2. Trop., a movewhich calls to mind, a memorial, monu- ment of the mind, an ezotion, affection, menzt, esp. of huildings, tombs, statues, passion; a political movement, comrnoetc.; in partic., in pl., written monu- tion, disturbance, tumult, rebellion. nenzts, records, chronicles. motus, a, um, part. of moveo. m6rap ae, f. A delay, hindrance. 2. m6veop mOvi, mOtum, 2. v. tr. To Transf., any thing that causes delay, a move, set in motion. 2. In partic., to hindrance, obstruction; mora temporis, move from its place, to remove; to drive a space of time. away, expel, dislodge. 3. To excite, ocmorbus, i, m. A sickness, disease, ill- casion, cause, produce, lacrimas, bellum, ness, malady, of body or mind. odium; to begin, commence, undertake, m6ribundusp a, um, adj. (morior) cantus, controversiam. 4. To distazlb, Ready to die, dying; poet., mortal, trouble, aliquem (rare). 5. Trop., of the membra. 9. Act. (poet.), causing death, mind, to move, affect, impress, influence. deadly, unzwholesome, sedes. roZuse; to revolve in mind, meditate, mulm6riors mortuus (fut. part. moriturus), ta animo; also, to shake, cause to swaver, 3. v. dep. intr. (mors) To die. 2. Trop., change, sententiam. to die away, wither away, decay, perish, moxw adv. (moveo) Soon, directly.. disappear, flamma, memoria, dies. Soon after, thereupon, presently. 3. Of m6riturus. a, um, part. (id.) About to a longer time, some time after, at a later die, to die, determined on death. period. 4. Transf., of succession in m6ror, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. and tr. place, then, in the next place. (mora) Intr., to delay, linger, wait, stop, mucro, Onis, m. The sharp point or tarry. 2. Tr., to delay, retard, hinder, edge of any thing, esp. of a sword. 2. detain a person or thing. 3. W. nihil or Transf., a sword. 3. Trop., sharpness, non, not to detain or keep, to let go, point, edge, defensionis, ingenii. hence, to care nothing for, not to regard. mugio, ivi or ii, itum, 4. v. intr. (kindr. mors, tis, f. Death. 2. Transf. (mostly w. tXvKaw) To lowz, bellow. 2. Transf., poet.), a dead body. to rumble, moan, roar, peal, tuba, solum, morsus, is, m. (mordeo, to bite) A bit- terra. ing, a bite; w. mensarum, an eating. mngitus, us, m. (id.) A lowing, bellozo2. Transf., a catching hold, a holding, ing. 2. A loud, rumbling noise, a roara grip; sharpness of taste, pungency; ing. coner., w. ancorae, a fluke. 3. Trop., a mulceop si, sum, 2. v. tr. To stroke, bite, sting, vexation, grief, pain, exsilii, barbam, caput. 2. Poet., to touch lightdoloris. ly, move gently, zephyri flores. 3. Trop., mortilisp e, adj. (mors) Subject to to soothe, appease, allay, calm, flnctus, death, mortal. 2. Transf., mortal, per- iras; also, to flatter, delight, puellas carishable, transient, res. 3. Mortal, hu- mine, animos admiratione, aures. man, earthly, of, belonging to, or com- multiplexp icis, adj. (multus-plico) ing from a man, opus, vulnus, mucro; Having many folds. 2. Having many subs., mortalia, ium, n., human affairs; turnings or windings, domus, lapsu; also, mortales, ium, m., mortals, men. having many parts, manifold, many, mortiferp era, erum, adj. (mors-fero) numerous, various; w. spatium, large. Death-bringing, deadly, mortal, morbus, extensive. 3. Trop., fickle, changeable, bellum. animus, ingenium. mos, maris, m. The will of a person, multop adv. (multus) By much, much, self-will, humor. 2. A manner of act- byfar. ing determined solely by men's will, multum, adv. (id.) Much, very, greatly, manner, custom, way, fashion, practice, abundantly, frequently. use, wont. 3. In pl., manners, morals, multus, a, um, adj. (comp. plus, sup. character; in partic., good morals, good plurimus) Much, great, abundant; w. manners; also, bad morals or conduct. amictu, thick; poet., for pl., many a, 4. Poet., a law, rule; condition, ternms. multa victima, multa prex; of discourse, 1. Manner, quality, nature, kind, coeli, prolix, diffuse, tediouts, esse multus in in morem fluminis. aliqua re; joined to a verb, = often, fre MUN 330 NAT quently, continually, ad vigilias multus Myjc6nos, i, f. (MiKovo0) An island of adesse. 2. Pi., many; in neut. as the Cyclades. subs., multa, Grum, many things, much; Mygd6nldes; ae, m. The son of Mygmulta also adverbially (poet.) = much, don. greatly, deeply. lMyrmid6nes, um, m. (MNvpptu6ves) A munion Ivi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. (moenia) people of Thessaly under the sway of To wall about, defend with a wall, for- Achilles. tify. 2. Transf., in gen., to defend, pro- myrteus, a, um, adj. (myrtus) Of myrtect, shelter, lit. and trop.; w. viam, to tie, myrtle-, corona, silva. 2. Poet.. make or open a way. adorned with myrtle; myrtle-colored. mfinus, gris, n. An office, service,func- myrtus, i and us, f. A myrtle, myrtletion, charge, duty; in partic., a public tree; poet. for a spear of myrtle-wood. office, post, reipublicae. 2. Favor, service rendered to any one; in partic., the last service to the dead. 3. A present, N. gift, offering. 4. A public show, spectacle, exhibition, given to the people by nam, conj. To introduce a reason or the magistrates, esp. by the ediles; cause, for. Freq. the idea to which hence, also, a public building, erected at nam refers must be supplied, when it the expense of an individual, and pre- may be rendered by yet, on the contrary, sented to the people. indeed, certainly, etc. (see enim). 2. In mirexy icis, m. The purple-fish, a kind interrogations, for the sake of emphasis, of shell-fish. 2. Poet., purple dye, pur- nam is attached enclitically to the interpie, made from the juice of the fish. 3. rogative word, quisnam? ubinam? Of things shaped like the purple-fish, a namque7 conj. Strengthened form of pointed rock. nam, for indeed, for truly, for (cf. Or. murmur; aris, n. A murmuring, maur- Ksa yap),-usually placed, as is also nam, maur (prop. of human voices). 2. Of at the beginning of a sentence. animals and things, the humming of naris; is, f. A nostril; usually pl., the bees, a roaring, rumbling, crashing, up- nostrils, the nose. roar, tumult, any loud sound, as of thun- narro, Avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. To narrate, der, of the sea, of applause, etc. relate, tell. 2. In gen., to say, speak of. murus; i, m. A wall, esp. of a city. NMrycius; a, um, adj. Of Naryx, a Misa, ae, f. (Mohraa) A muse, one of the city of the Locrians, a colony from goddesses of Poetry, Music, and the other which built the city of Locri in BrutLiberal Arts. They were nine in num- tium, Narycian. ber, viz., Calliope, of epic poetry; Clio, nascor; natus, 3. v. dep. intr. (fr. gnasof history; Erato, of lyric poetry; Eu- cor, kindr. w. yevvow, gigno) To be born. terpe, of the flute; Melpomene, of tra- 2. Of things, to be produced, derive its gedy; Polyhymnia, of mimic art; Terp- origin, be found, occur, onyx circa Thesichore, of dancing; Thalia, of comedy; bas. 3. To arise, take its beginning, Urania, of astronomy. 2. Transf., a originate, proceed, amnis, luna, pestis, song, a poem; in pl., sciences, studies. querela. Part. nascens, entis, being lisaeus; i, m. (Movcraaoe) A Greek born, arising, beginning, nascent; w. poet of the time of Orpheus. templa, newly built; w. equi, newly miitabilis, e, adj. (muto) Changeable, foaled. mutable, inconstant. nita; ae, f. (natus) (Poet.) A daughter. mfito, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (contr. nato; Avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (no) fr. movito, fr. moveo) To move away or To swim, piscis; tr. (poet.), to swim from a place (rar.). 2. To change, alter, across or through, swim, freta. 2. To sententiam, mentem; intr., to alter, float, carina; to move to and fro, to change. 3. To exchange, interchange; wave, folia, campi (waving w. grain). to barter. 3. To swim or overflow with any thing, Myikcenae; arum, or Mycna, ae, and sanie; of the eyes, to sswim, w. sleep, MYcLne, es, f. (MviVKivaL, MVKovi1) A cele- etc. 4. Trop., to fluctuate, be in doubt, brated city of Argolis, of which Aga- in aliqua re. memnon was king. natusX a, um, (part. and Pa. of nascor) NAT 331 NEP Born; Pa., born, destined by nature to express a purpose, etc., negatively, and or for any thing; formed or constituted equivalent to ut ne, in order that not, by nature in any way; w. ace. of time, that not, lest; e. g., scribo, ne me obold, homo annos centum natus. litum tui putes. 5. After expressions nitusp i, m. (id.) A son; in pl., chil- of fearing (that something undesirable dren; also, the young of animals. may happen), that, or lest; e. g., vereor nitus, ius, m. (id.) (used only in the abl. ne laborem augeam, I fear that I shall sing.) Birth; esp. in reference to age, increase the labor. hence, age, grandis natu, magno natu. n/biilap ae, f. (viefeA7) Mist,fog, vapor; nautap ae, m., see navita. also, a cloud of dust or smoke; trop., Nautes, is, m. A Trojan soothsayer, obscurity, quaestionum. ancestor of the Nautii. nec, conj., see neque. nauticus, a, um, adj. (VaVT69Ko; navis) nec-dum, adv. (Written as one word, Of or pertaining to ships or sailors, or separately) And not yet, nor yet, not ship-, nautical, naval; subs., nautici, yet. 0rum, m., sailors. n/cessey adj. n. (ne-cessum, fr. cedo) navilis, e, adj. (navis) Of or belong- Necessary, unavoidable, inevitable. ing to ships, naval. 2. Subs., navale, necnon. also nec non, or neque non. is, n. (usually pl.; sing. only poet.), a And also, likewise, also. dock, dock-yard; poet., a harbor; mate- nectary aris, n. (v&KTap) Nectar, the rials for equipping a ship, tackling, etc. drink of the gods; also, an ointment navifrigus, a, um, adj. (navis-frango) used by the gods. 2. Meton. (poet.), Causing shipwrecks, ship-wrecking, dan- any thing sweet or pleasant, etc., as gerous (poet. word for naufragus). honey, milkl, wine. nivigiumr ii, n. (navigo) A vessel, nectop xui and xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To boat. 2. Navigation (ante- and post- bind, tie, or fasten together, to join, conclass.). nect; to bind, tie; in partic., to bind, connavigo7 avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. fine, esp. for debt. 2. Trop., to connect, (navis-ago) To sail, navigate. 2. Tr., join together, omnes virtutes, causas, into sail upon, navigate, aequor. sidias. navis7 is, f. (vaDs) A ship. n6fandusp a, urnm, adj. (ne-fari) Lit., navita7 and nauta7 ae, m. (navis) (na- not to be mentioned; hence, impious, vita, poet. and lat.) A sailor, seaman, execrable, abominable, wicked. boatman. ne-fass n. indecl. What is contrary to Naxos, i, f. (Na6os) The largest island divine law, an impious thing, impiety, of the Cyclades, celebrated for its wines crime; a shame, disgrace. 2. Often used andfor the worship of Bacchus. as an adj., not permitted, unlawful, imn6D interrog. enclitic particle. In direct pious, abominable. questions not represented in English; nbgo, avi, Atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (nece.g., scribit ne? 2. In indirect ques- aio) To say no, to deny, refuse; to say tions, whether; e. g., iturusne sit, scire that....not (with an object clause). poteris. 3. If the question is disjunc- nemo7 Tnis, c. (ne-homo) No man, no tive or double, ne is regularly followed one, nobody. 2. Adj., = nullus, no, neby an (= or); but sometimes ne is thus mo vir. used for an; e.g., Romamne venio, an nbm6rosusy a, um, adj. (nemus) (Poet.) hic maneo?; Qui teneant (eas), homi- Full of woods, woody. 2. Full of trees, nesne feraene, quaerere constituit - silva. 3. Full of foliage, bushy, cu-'whether men or beasts.' pressus. n~7 adv. and conj. The primitive nega- nmnus) 6ris, n. (viEos) A wood intertive particle in Latin. 1. In composi- spersed with open glades and pasture tion, as nescio, nefas, etc. 2. With qui- land, a grove. 2. Poet., a wood, in gen. dem, to emphatically negative the word NIeopt6ilmus, i, m. (NeoarT6oAeaoe) The between them; e. g., ne in oppidis qui- son of Achilles, also called Pyrrhus. dem, not even. 3. In imperative sen- neposp Otis, m. (perh. fr. ne-potis, not tences, or with the subjunctive used im- strong, weak) A grandson. 2. Poet., peratively, also in wishes, etc., not; e.g., | a descendant, gen. in pl., descendants, ne time; ne conferas culpam in me; ne posterity. 3. A nephew. 4. Meton., a vivam; etc. 4. With the subjunctive to spendthrift, prodigal. NEP 332 NIS Neptunius, a, um, adj. Of Neptune, neu7 see neve. Neptunian; w. Troja, because its walls neve or neu, conj. (ne-ve) And not, were built by Neptune, assisted by nor; neve....neve, neither.... nor. Apollo. nex eMcis, f. (vlKV') A violent death, mur. Neptfinus; i, m. Son of Saturn, brother der, slaughter. of Jupiter, and god of the sea. nexus; a, um, part. of necto. neque or nec; adv. and conj. (ne-que) ni; adv. and conj. (identical w. ne) Adv., = I. Adv., not (mostly in the form nec, and non, but only used in quid ni? or quidni? ante-cl.), nec recte; alter qui nec procul Why not.? 2. Conj., = ne (ante-cl. and aberat. II. Conj., = et non, and not, poet.), not, that not, monent ni teneant also not, neither, nor; neque (nec).... cursus. 3. = Nisi, if not, unless, ni faciat neque (nec), neither.....nor; also, w. (thus mostly in archaic, colloquial, and one clause affirmative, neque (nec).... legal lang.). et, and ct....neque (nec).... not only not nidus, i, m. A nest. 2. Transf. (poet.),.... but also, on the one hand not....and a dwelling, residence, home; also, the on the other; or the contrary. young birds in a nest. n6-queo ilvi or ii, itum, 4. v. intr. Not niger, gra, grum, adj. Black, dark, to be able, to be unable, w. infin. sable, dusky (esp. a beautiful, glossy ne-quicquam or ne-quidquam, black; see ater); subs., nigrum, i, n., adv. In vain, to no purpose, without a black spot. 2. Trop., of or pertaining effect, uselessly. to death,funeral, ignes, dies; mournful, nequis, qua, quod or quid, indef. pron. gloomy, domus; ill-omened, sol (= dies); That not (or lest) any one, or any (quis of character, black, wicked, bad. after si. ne, nisi, num, quum, etc., being nigrans, antis, Pa. (nigro, to be black, equivalent to aliquis). fr. niger) Black, dusky. Nireis, idis, f. (Nrp-re-) A daughter of nigresco, grui, 3. v. inch. intr. (niger) Nerens, a Nereid, a sea-nymph. To grow black or dark. Neriius (dissyl.), ei and eos, m. (N-qpe6,) nihil, or, contr., nil, n. indecl., or A sea-god, son of Oceanus, husband of nihilum, i, n. (ne-hilum, not the least) Doris, and father of the Nereids. Nothing; adv., as a strengthened non, N-ritoss i, f. (N~pCTOg) A mountain in not at all, not; also, nil as an adv., in no Ithaca, and also an island in the vi- respect, not at all. cinity. Nilus, i, m. (NECAoe) The river Nile. 2. nervus, i, m. (vsEpov) A sinew, tendon, Transf., a canal, aqueduct..nerve. 2. Transf., a string of a musi- nimbasus, a, um, adj. (nimbus) Full.cal instrument; a bow-string; the leather of stonms, stormy, rainy. with which shields were covered; a thong nimbus, i, m. (kindr. w. nubes, nubo) for binding a person; hence, a fetter; A dark rain-cloud. 2. A cloud, in gen.; also, a prison. 3. Trop., strength, vigor, also, meton., a multitude of things force, energy, nerve, pecunia nervi belli; spread out or darkening the air like a in partic., of style, force, vigor. cloud, peditum, pilorum, etc. 3. A Nbsae~; 6s, f. (Ncaaiq) One of the (fifty) rain-storm. Nereids. nimirum, adv. (ne-mirum; lit., not'Pe-scio7 ivi or ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. Not to wonderful) Without doubt, doubtless, know, to be ignorant of, aliquid. Nescio certainly (freq. ironically). quis (an idiom, esp. freq.). I know not nlmius, a, um, adj. (nimis, adv., too who, i. e., some one, = aliquis; in same much, too) Excessive, too great, too way, nescio quomodo, some how; nescio much. Adv., nimium, too much, too; an, perhaps. 2. In partic., not to know, also, very much, greatly. to be unacquainted with, a person or nfsi, conj. (ni-si) If not, unless. 2. thing; also, not to know how, to be un- After interrogatives and negatives, exable, e. g., stare loco nescit (equus). cept, only. nescius7 a, um, adj. (id.) Not knowing, nisus~ fis, m. (nitor) A pressing against, ignorant, unaware, fati, quid acciderit. a leaning or resting upon or against, a 2. Poet., not knowing how, not under- pressure; nisu immotus eodem, in the standing, unable, puer fari nescius, ce- same posture. 2. A striving, exertion, dere nescius. 3. Unknown (rar.), locus, endeavor, effort. tributa nescia iis sunt. Nisus, i, m. A companion of Aeneas. NIT 333 NOS nitens, entis, Pa. (niteo, ere, to shine) belonging to the night, nocturnal, night-, Shining, glittering, sparkling, brilliant. I by night. 2. Transf., of persons, beautiful, hand- nido, Svi, atum, 1. v. tr. (nodus) To tie some; of animals, sleek, fjat; trop., of in a knot, to knot. persons, illustrious; of style, brilliant, n6dus, i, m. A knot. 2. A knot or elegant. knob on the joint of an animal, or on nltesco, tui, 3. v. inch. intr. (id.) (Poet. wood. 3. A girdle, band; a. knot or and lat.) To begin to shine, to shine; fold of hair; a fold or coil of a serpent. transf., of animals, to grow sleek orfat; 4. Trop., a tie, band, amicitiae; an of persons, to become blooming or hand- obligation; a knotty point, dificulty. some; trop., to become illustrious or cele- Nmas, Adis, m. (vol6s) A nomad. 2. braled. In partic., a (wandering) Numidian. nitidus, a, um, adj. (id.) Shining, glit- n6men; inis, n. (kindr. w. yv6w, nosco; tering, bright, polished. 2. Transf., of hence, prop., that by which something persons and animals,fat, sleek, in good is known) A name; in partic, the condition; of persons and things, hand- second of the three names of every freesome, neat, elegant; of plants and fields, born citizen, denoting the gens, in opp. blooming, luxuriant; trop., cultivated, to cognomen denoting the familia, and polished, refined, homo, oratio, vox. to praenomen distinguishing the indinitor, nisus and nixus, 3. v. dep. intr. vidual; also, a word. 2. Those bearing (old form of perf. part. gnitus and a certain name, afamily, race, stock. 3. gnixus; perh. then from genu; hence, The name of a debtor signed to a bond; lit., to rest upon the knees) To bear, hence, a bond, note, debt; also, a debtor; lean, or rest upon something, genibus, in partic., w. exigere, to collect debts; w. hasta, (poet.) in hastam. 2. Transf., to solvere, to pay debts; w. locare, to borpress forward, advance, make one's way row money. 4. Trop., name, renown, (with effort) towards.a point, and esp. fame, reputation; a name as opp. to a higher position, to mount, rise, ascend, reality, pretence, form; pretext, exczuse, climb, sub ipsos poster gradibus, ad side- account, reason. ra, etc.; w. humi, treading or walking Ndmentum; i, n. A town in the upon; w. alis, resting or poising upon. country of the Sabines. 3. Trop., to exert one's self, labor, en- non7 adv. (contr. fr. ne and aenum = deavor, pro libertate, recuperare patri- unum) Not. am; to strive after, ad immortalitatem; non-dum, adv. Not yet. to depend or rest upon, rely upon, in nonus7 a, um, adj. (fr. novenus, fr. nomine, or w. abl., spe. novem) The ninth; subs., nona, ae, f. nivAlis7 e, adj. (nix) Of or pertaining (sc. hora), the ninth hour of the day. to snow, snowy, snow-, dies, loca, venti, nosco7 nOvl, nutum, 3. v. tr. (yLyvLwC0W) mons, aqua. 2. Transf., cold, dies. 3. To seek to know, to examine, investiPoet., snowt-like, snow-white, snowy, can- gate, consider. 2. To get a knowledge dor. of, become acquainted with, learn, aliniveusp a, um, adj. (nix) (Poet) Of quid. 3. (Rar.) To know, aliquid; in snow, snow-, agger. 2. Covered with partic., to recognize. 4. To acknowlsnow, mons. 3. Snow-white, snowy, edge, allow, admit, causam, excusabrachia. tionem, etc. 5. Perf. novi (and derived nix; nivis, f. (vipl, vtI6s) Snow. 2. tenses), to have become acquainted Transf. (poet.), white or hoary hair. with; hence, to know, aliquem or alinixor7 Atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (intens. of quid. nitor) (Poet.) To lean or rest upon; to nosters tra, trum, poss. adj. pron. (nos) struggle, strive. Our, ours. nov nAvi, -, 1. v. intr. (viw) To swim. n6ta7 ae, f. (nosco) That by which 2. Poet., to sail, fly, etc. something is known, a mark. sign; in noceo7 cui, cltum, 2. v. intr. (prob. partic., a written sign, letter, and in pl., kindr. w. nex, neco) To hurt, harm, letters, characters; also, secret writing, injure, do mischief, alicui. Pa. nocens, cipher; a critical mark, note in a book entis, hurtful, injurious; bad, wicked, or on a writing; a mark or brand on a criminal, homo, mores. wine-cask, etc.; a spot or mole on the nocturnus, a, um, adj, (nox) Of or body. 2. Trop., a mark, token, sign, NOT 334 NUM scelerum; a mark of blame or ignominy, Dark, gloomy, obscure, via; trop., bea reproach, disgrace. clouded, troubled, saddened, gloomy, sunn6to, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To desig- propitious, etc. nate by a mark, to mark; in partic., to nidog avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (nudus) To write. 2. Trop., to point out, indicate, make bare or naked, to bare, strip, unsignify, show; to mark, note, observe, cover, corpus, caput; in partic., in milit. cantus avium; to mark with censure, to lang., to leace unprotected, expose, latera, censure, reprimand. murum. 2. To strip of any thing, to noitus, a, um, Pa. (nosco) K~nowun; I despoil, deprive, plunder, murum defenwell-known, familiar. soribus, agros. 3. Trop., to lay bare, NB6tUSq i, m. (NOT0ro) The south wind; expcse, disclose, consilia, amorem; to depoet., wind, in gen. prive or strip of, potestas omnibus reniSvem, num, adj. Nine. bus nudata. nbviq see nosco. nfidus, a, um, adj. Naked, bare, uncovn6vies, adj. (novem) Nine times. ered, exposed, corpus, gladius; in partic., n6ivtas, Atis, f. (novus) Nezwness, lightly clothed; also, unarmed; in milit. novelty, rareness; in partic., newness of lang., exposed. 2. Stripped, deprived of rank, familiae. any thing, without a thing, urbs nuda n6vo, avi, Rtum, 1. v. tr. (id.) To make praesidio, nudus agris. 3. Trop., bare, new, to renew, renovate. 2. To make mere, simple, only, ira; unadorned, plain, new, i. e., to create, invent, verba. 3. I commentarii. To change, alter; in partic., in a politi nullus, a, um, genit. Ius, adj. (ne-ullus) cal sense, to make a revolution, revolu- Not any, none, no; subs., for nemo, no tionize, res. one, nobody; in pl., none; in neut., n6vus, a, um, adj. (kindr. w. veos) New, nothing. 2. In partic., of no account, fresh, recent; in partic., new, strange, insignificant, leges nullas putas. unusual, unheard of, unexpected; w. num, interrog. adv. An interrog. partihomo, newly ennobled, an upstart, i. e., cle used generally when a negative anthe first of his family to obtain a curule swer is expected. In a direct question office. 2. New in anything, unused, it is not translated in English; in an inunaccustomed (poet. and lat.), 3. Sup., direct question, whether. novissimus, a, um, the neweit, i. e., the numen Inis, n. (for nuimen, fr. nuo, to latest, last, verbas; of space, freq., the nod) Xn inclination of the head, a nod last, hindmost, agmen; trop., extreme, (very rar.). 2. Trop., a nod, i. e., conzseverest, exempla, poena. mand, will; in partic., the divine will, nox, noctis, f. (vit:) Night. 2. Transf. influence or power; in gen. (poet. and (poet.), sleep; also, death; the dark- lat.), divine nature or majesty, divinity, ness of a storm, a tempest; darkness, ob- deity; concr., a divinity, deity, god. scurity, in gen.; the lower world; trop.,! numbrus7 i, m. (kindr. w. v6tkoi) A darkness, obscurity, gloomy condition, number; in partic., a numnber of persons reipublicae; mental darkness, ignor- or things, a great number, multitude; in ance. milit. lang., a number, division, troop of noxa~ ae, f. (noceo) Hurt, harm, in- soldiers. 2. Trop., dignity, rank, posijury, inflicted or suffered. 2. Transf., tion, in numero deorum esse; a part of an offence, crime, fault. 3. Punish- a whole, member, perfectus omnibus ment. numeris suis; order, digerit (carmina) noxiusy a, um, adj. (id.) Hurtful, inju- in numerum; musical measure, time, rious, noxious. 2. Guilty, criminal, no- rhythm, harmony; in poetry, measure, bilitas, corda; also w. alicujus or aliquo. number; poet., verse, in gen. niibes, is, f. A cloud. 2. Of things re- Nimlda, ae, m. (Nomas, vouad) A nosembling a cloud, e.g., pulveris, volu- mad; in partic., a Numidian, usually crum. 3. Trop., darkness, obscurity, pl., the Numidians, a people of Afiica. gloominess; threatening appearance, 2. Adj., Numidian, leo. belli. Nimitor, oris, m. King of Alba, father nilbilus, a, um, adj. (id.) Cloudy, over- i of Rhea Silvia (Ilia), and grandfatiher of rri,-c. coelum, dies. Usually subs.. nubi. Romulus and Remus. b!:1n. i, n., a cloudy sky, cloudy weather; numquam or nunquam, adv. (nefreq. pl., nubila, Orum, the clouds. 2. umquam) Never. NUN 335 OBL nunc7 adv. (viv) Now, at this time; ob-ducop xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To klad or nunc....nunc, now....now, at one time bring towards or against, ad oppidum....at another. 2. Transf., in introduc- exercitum. 2. To draw before or draw ing a climax, but now. over; hence, to cover by drawing over, nuntia (or nuncia), ae, f. (nuntius) A to surround, envelop, truncos cortice. 3. female messenger, announcer. To draw in, swallow, venenum. Also nuntio (or nuncio), Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. trop. in all meanings. (id.) To announce, report, declare, make obductus; a, um, part. of id. known, inform, etc., alicui aliquid. 6b-eo, ivi or ii, itum, 4. v. intr. and tr. nuntius (or nuncius), ii, m. (novum-cio J Intr., to go or come to, to go to meet, in = cleo) A bearer of news, reporter, ames- infera loca, ad omnes hostium conatus. senger. 2. A message, news, tidings. 2. To go down, set, stella; trop., to per3. Adj., nuntius (nuncius), a, um, an- ish, die, urbs, homo. II. Tr., to go or nouncing, indicating, etc. come to, urbem; in partic., to visit, g.o nuo (vevo), the root of numen, nuto, etc. through, traverse, regiones. 2. To go nuper, adv. (novi-per, fr. novus) Lately, over or through with the eyes, or in recently. speech, to survey, review, exercituml; to niirusp fls, f. (vvis) A daughter-in-law. mention, enumerate, civitates; poet., to 2. rransf. (poet.), a young married go around, surround, encompass, limbus woman. chlamydem. 3. To go at, apply one's nusquam, adv. (ne-usquam) f Nowhere. self to, engage in, undertake; also, to 2. Transf., in nothing, on no occasion, perform, execute, accomplish any thing, sumptus poni potest; with verbs of mo- negotium, bellum, sacra, etc. tion, to no place, nowhere, abire; to or 6bitusp 1is, m. (id.) A going to, a visit for nothing, plebem nusquam alio na- (ante-cl.). 2. A going down, setting, tam quam ad serviendum. stellae; trop., downfall, destruction, nuito, Avi, Atum, 1. v. intens. intr. (nuo) ruin, death. To nod with the head. 2. In gen., to objecto, Avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (objicio) sway to andfro, totter, arbor. 3. Trop., To throw before or against, set against, to waver, hesitate, doubt; to falter, in oppose. 2. To expose, abandon, caput fidelity. periclis; to cast as a reproach, to reniitrimentum7 i, n. (nutrio, to nour- proach or upbraid with, alicui inoish) Nourishnwent, nutriment; of fire, piainm. fuel. objectus, -is, m. (id.) A casting before nfutrixp Icis, f. (id.) A wet-nurse, nurse; or aganst, an opposing (poet. and rar.). in gen., a nourisher, supporter, virgines 2. Pass., a being before or opposite, opperpetui ignis, tellus leonum. position, projection, objectu laterum. nympha, ae, f. (Pun) A young woman, objectus, a, um, Pa. of objicio. Lying esp. a bride, a mistress. 2. A nymph, before, lying opposite, opposite. 2. Exone of the demi-goddesses supposed to posed, invidiae. inhabit and preside over the sea, rivers, objiciOP jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (ob-jaclo) fountains, woods, trees, etc. To throw before, towards or to, to hold Nysa, ae, f. (Nira) A city of India, on before, to offer, present; to give up, exmount Meros. pose, morti, ad omnes casus; to throw before for protection, to oppose, clipeos ad tela, se tells hostium. 2. Trop., to 0. throw upon one, to give, impart, cause, etc., alicui spem, timorem, etc.; to cast O~ interj. A common exclamation of joy, upon one as a reproach, to reproachR, upastonishment, grief, indignation, etc., braid with, alicui aliquid. and constr. w. voc. or ace., and also oblitusp a, um, part. of offero. (poet.) w. the nom., O! oh! Qobliquo, Rvi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (obliquus) 6Sb prep. w. acc. With verbs of motion, (Poet. and lat.) To turn or beand aside, towards, to, ob Romam legiones ducere. turn obliquely. 2. With verbs of rest, at, about, before, obliquus, a, um, adj. (ob and obhs. liquis, ob oculum habere. 3. Trop., to denote oblique) Turned sidewzays, si(delong, an object or cause, on account of, for, slanting, oblique, transverse, lying across. owing to,from, ob eam rem. 2. Trop., of speech, indirect, oratio; of OBL 336 OBY relationship, collateral; in grammar, of. 2. In partic., to watch for some one, oblique, casus (not the nom. or voc.). in order to catch, take advantage of him, oblitus, a, um, part. of etc.; to watch, guard, keep, januam, greobliviscor, oblitus, 3. v. dep. intr. and ges; to observe, regard, attend to, keep, tr. (perh. fr. oblino, to daub or smear leges; etc.; to respect, esteem, honor, alil over) To forget, w. gen. of the person, quem. and gen. or ace. of the thing, or w. ob- obsideoo sedi, sessum, 2. v. intr. and tr. ject. clause. (ob-sedeo) To sit anywhere, abide, stay, oblivium, ii, n. (id.) (Poet. and lat. for domi, (poet. and rar.). 2. Tr., to sit on the class. oblivio, Onis) Forgetfulness, or near; hence, to frequent, aram, rivos, oblivion. limina; in milit. lang., to sit down beob-l16quor cfitus or quatus, 3. v. dep. fore, besiege, invest, beset, block up; tr. and intr. To speak against a person hence, in gen., to occupy, possess, fill or thing, to interrupt, contradict. 2. (it. and trop.), locum, animum; to lie Poet. and lat., to rail at, abuse, blame. in wait for, look out for, keep an eye on, 3. Poet., to sing to, accompany in sing- stuprum, rostra. ing, sing or sound responsive, non avis obsldio7 onis, f. (id.) A blockade, inobloquitur, septem discrimina vocum. ~vestment, siege of a place. 2. Trop., ob-luctor, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (Poet. pressing danger, embarrassment, obsidand lat.) To strive or struggle against, lone rempublicam liberare. Fabio, arenae, difficultatibus. ob-sto, stiti, statum, 1. v. intr. To ob-miitesco, tui, 3. v. inch. intr. (mu- stand before (rar.). 2. Trop., to stand tus, dumb) To become dumb; transf., against, withstand, oppose, thwart, reto be speechless, mute or silent, from as- strain, hinder, furori. tonishment, grief, etc. ob-struo, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To build ob-nitor, sus and xus, 3. v. dep. intr. before or against, murum. 2. To block To bear, press, or push against, strive or up, close up, stop, obstruct (lit. and trop.), struggle against, resist, w. dat. or abs. flumina, vias, aures, mentes. (lit. and trop.). ob-stupesco, pui, 3. v. inch. intr. (stuobnixusp a, um, part. of id. peo) To become senseless, to be stupefied. 6b-6rior, ortus, 4. v. dep. intr. To 2. Trop., to be astonished or amazed, to arise, spring up, appear, lacrimae, bel- stand aghast, be horror-struck. lum. obtectus, a, um, part. of obortus, a, um, part. of id. ob-t;go, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To cover ob-ruo, rui, rfltum, 3. v. tr. To cover over, cover up; for protection, to proover, cover, with earth, water, etc.; tect; for concealment, to conceal, hide. hence, to bury; in water, to sink, over- domus, flagitia. whelmn; in gen., to overwhelm, overcome, ob-torqueo, si, tum, 2. v. tr. To turn telis, numero hostium. 2. Trop., to towards, to turn, turn around, twist, cover, conceal, bury, tenebris, oblivione, wreathe etc.; to overwshelm, overcome, surpass, obtortusp a, um, part. of id. etc., acre alieno, famam alicujus, etc. ob-trunco, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (trunco, obscenus (also obscaen. and obscoen.), to cut off, fr. truncus) To cut down, cut a, am, adj. (ob-coenum?) Filthy, dirty, topieces, kill, slay, hostes, patrem. foul. 2. Transf., offensive, repulsive, dis- ob-tundo, tfidi, tflsm or tunsum, 3. v. gusting, loathsome, unnatural, fames; tr. To strike at, against, or on a thing, in partic., offensive to modesty, inde- to beat, thump, pectora pugnis (rar.). cent, lewd, obscene. 3. Poet., ill-boding, 2. To blunt, dull by beating (rar. and inauspicious, of ill omen,fatal, avis. ante-cl.). 3. Trop., to blunt, dull, imobscirus, a, am, adj. Dark, dim, ob- pair, aures, mentem. scure, locus, nox; transf. (poet.), that is obtfisus, a, um, Pa. (id.) Blunted, dull, in darkness, unseen, ibant obscuri. 2. obtuse, uznfeeling. Trop., of speech, obscure, unintelligible; obtiitus, Is, m. (ob-tueor) A looking at, unknown, esp. of rank, station, etc., ob- a look, gaze. scure, low, ignoble; of character, re- ob-uncus, a, um, adj. (Poet.) Bent in. served, secret, close, homo, natura. hooked. ob-servo, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To watch, ob-verto, ti, sum. 3. v. tr. To turn tosote, observe, mark a thing, to take notice w ards, to, or against, to turn. OBV 337 OLE obvius, a, umrn, adj. (ob-via) In the way, wKLGar0o) (Poet. and lat.) Swifter, fae, tmeeting, to meet, obvium esse alicui, ob- er, fieeter; transf., of time, quicker, via cui Camilla occurrit. 2. Facing, sooner. lying in the way, montes o. itineri; open 5cius~ adv. (id.) More swiftly, seedily, to, exposed to, Graiis, furiis. 3. (Lat.) or quickly; sometimes without comparaEasy of access, affable, homo; easy to tive force= speedily, quickly. find, at hand, ready, obvious, laudes. 6ciilus, i, m. An eye. 2. Meton., the eye, occasus, us, m. (occido) A going down, bud of a plant; etc. setting, solis. 2. The place where the 5di, Odisse, v. defect. tr. To hate. 2. sun sets, the west. 3. Trop., fall, down- To dislike, aliquid. fall, destruction, ruin. 6d iumo ii, n. (id.) Hatred, enmity, illoccido, cidi, casum, 3. v. intr. (ob-cado) will; as less emphatic, aversion, dislike. To fall down, fall, arbor. 2. Of the 3. Offensive conduct, insolence, etc. heavenly bodies, to go down, set. 3. 6idor, ris, m. (66w) A smell, scent, odor; Trop., to fall, perish, die, be ruined or in partic., a pleasant odor, fragrance, lost, Priamus, spes. perfume; sometimes, a disagreeable oc-coibo, 1. v. intr. (cubo, to lie down) odor, stench. 2. Trop., a scent, preTo lie, rest, repose (poet. and only of the sentiment, hint, isAkling, suspicionis. dead). id6rAtusp a, um, Pa. (OdOro, to peroccilo, cilui, cultum, 3. v. tr. (ob-colo) fume, fr. id.) (Poet. and lat.) EraTo cover over; to hide, conceal. grant. occulto, alvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (intens. of 6Sdorus, a, um, adj. (odor) (Poet. and id.) To hide, conceal, carefully or anx- lat.) Emitting an odor, odorous; esp., iously. sweet-smelling, fragrant, flos. 2. Keenoccultus, a, um, Pa. (occulo) flidden, scented, canum vis. concealed, secret. Oenotrius or Oen6trus, a, um, adj. occumbo, cubui, clbitum, 3. v. intr. Of Oenotria, the ancient name of the (ob-cumbo = cubo, to lie down) To fall southern part of Italy, afterwards Luor sink down, in gladium (rar. and lat.); cania and Bruttium, Oenotrian, poet. for in partic., of a heavenly body, to set. 2. Italian. To fall in death, to die, abs., or w. mor- offas ae, f. A bit, morsel, mzouthful; in tem, morte, or (poet.) morti. partic., a little ball or cake made of flour. Occfipo avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (ob-capio) 2. In gen., a lump, piece, mass. To lay hold of, to seize, take possession offiro, obtili, oblatum, offerre, v. irreg. of, urbem, regnum. 2. To occupy, fill tr. (ob-fero) To bring before; to prewith something, locum, urbem aedificiis. sent, offer; to show; in pass. w. dep. 3. To fall upon, attack, aliquem gladio. sense, offerri, to be presented, i. e., to 4. To anticipate, be beforehand with, appear, to meet. 2. Trop., to offer, exrem, bellum facere. 5. Trop., tg seize, pose, se ad mortem; to inflict, to cause, invade, timor exercitum; to occupy, en- alicui injuriam, or latitiam, etc. gross, employ, animum, pecuniam, aures. officium7 ii, n. (ob-facio; that which oc-curro, curri or cucurri, cursum, 3. one does fbr another) A voluntary serv. intr. To run or hasten to meet, to go vice, a favor, kindness; in partic., seror come up to, to mneet, alicui; in partic., vice as a mark of respect, attendance, to rush upon, attack, hostibus. 2. To ceremonial, observance, ceremony, togae go or come to, be present at any place (w. virilis, salutationis, nuptiarum. 2. A2 dat., or ad, or in), consilio, proelio, ad obligatory service, obligation, duty, ofor in consilium; to meet with, fall in rfice; in partic., an official duty, funewith, signis; to meet, i. e., lie opposite tion, office, business, service, maritimum, to, mons flumini. 3. Trop., to present legationis. itself, appear, occur, occulis, animo, Olleus (trisyl.), ei, m. ('OiXEAe) King of etc.; to meet, oppose, counteract, rationi; the Locrians, and father of the Ajax hence, to relieve, cure, morbo; to meet who did violence to Cassandra. with words, to answer, reply. Olearos, i, f. ('X2Aapos) An isle of the Oceanus, i, m. ('2Kearvi) The ocean, Cyclades, now Antiparos. the main sea that encompasses the oleo, rad. of oboleo, adoleo, adolesco. land. etc., fr. obs. olo = alo. 5cior7 us, sup. ocissimus, adj. (6KwOV, 61eum7 i, n. (iAatov) Oil, olive-oil. OLI 338 OPS DlimT adv. (ollus, old form for ille; lit., or load with, contumeliis; to hide, conat that [remote] time) In the past, some ceal, luctum, mala. time ago, Jbrmerly, once; also (lat.), now 6p ror, atus, 1. v. dep. intr. (opus) To for a long time, long ago. 2. In the fu- work, toil, be busy; to work at, be occuture, at some future time, hereafter, one pied with, be engaged in; constr. abs., or day. 3. In gen., at any time, ever; also, w. dat.; in partic., w. sacris, or abs., to at times, sometimes, ofttimes. perform sacred rites, to maclsfice. lirvaT ae, f. An olive. 2. An olive-tree; 6pertusT a, um, Pa. (operio) Hidden, transf. (poet.), an olive-branch; also, an concealed; in neut. abs., 6perta, orum, olive-staff. hidden things, mysteries; also (sc. loca), billvumT i, n. (id.) Olive-oil, oil. secret places, secret recesses. olle1 old form for ille. opimus, a, um, adj. (ops) Well-fed, fat, OlympusP i, m. (0OxAvhros) The name bos, habitus corporis. 2. Fertile, fruitof several mountains, the most celebrated ful, vitis, campus, arva. 3. Trop., enof which, between Macedonia and Thes- riched, rich, praeda, opus casibus, rich saly, was regarded as the abode of the in events; in gen., rich, sumptuous, gods; hence (poet.), heaven. abundant, noble, splendid; in partic., omen, Inis, n. A sign of a future event, a opima spolia, arms, etc., taken on the prognostic, token, omen; poet., a solemn field of battle by the victorious from the usage, preliminary rite. vanquished general, triumphal spoils. omnino, adv. (omnis) Altogether,wholly, opperior, rltus or rtus, 4. v. dep. intr. entirely. 2. In partic., with numerals, in and tr. (ob and obs. perior, whence exall, quinque oinnino fuerunt; in making perior) Intr., to wait. 2. Tr., to wait general statemenet3, in general, generally, for, await, aliquem. de genere animalium omnino loquor; in opp~to; lvi or ii, itum, 3. v. tr. and intr. concessive clauses, certainly, to be sure (ob-peto) To go to meet, to meet, encoun(thus followed by sed), danda omnino ter (an evil, esp. death), mortem, pestem, est opera....sed, etc. poenas; poet. and lat., abs., without omni-parensp tis, adj. (omnis-parens) mortem, to die, perish. All-producing. opponoT sui, situm, 3. v. tr. (ob-pono) omni-p6tens, tis, adj. (omnis-potens) To place against or before, place oppoAll-powerful, omnipotent. site, oppose, aliquid, alicui or ad aliquid. omnis, e, adj. All, every, the whole. 2. Trop., to oppose, allege as a counter 6nbro, Avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (onus) To load, argument, etc., auctoritatem; to oppose burden, freight. navem. 2. Trop., to bur- as an objection, to object; to set against den, oppress, overwhelm, laudibus, inju- as a pledge, to pledge; to place before, rit; also, to make more burdensome, to expose, se periculis, aliquem morti. aggravate, injuriam. 3. Poet., to load, Opp6situs, a, um, Pa. (id.) Placed stow, vina cadis. against, opposite, opposed, opposing. 6n1rosus, a, umadj. (id.) Burdensome, oppressus, a, um, part. of heavy. 2. Trop., burdensome, onerous, opprimo, pressi, pressum, 3. v. tr. (obtroublesome. premo) To press against, press together, 6nusT eris, n. A load, burden; in par- press down. 2. Trop., to press or put tic., a freight, cargo. 2. Trop., a bur- down; in partic., to suppress, check, den, wceight, charge, officii; also, a tax, tumultum, fraudem; to overpower, ore,'impost; a debt. come, subdue; Graeciam; to weigh down, 6nustus, a, um, adj. (id.) Loaded, bur- depress, dolore; to suppress, stifle, iram; dened,freighted (lit. and trop.).' to fall upon, surprise, seize, mors o. alidpaco; Wvi, atum, 1. v. tr. (opacus) To quem, hostes incautos. shade, locum. op1Dugro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (ob-pugne) 6pAcus, a, um, adj. Shaded, shady, To fight against, attack, assault, besiege, darkened, dark, obscure, dusky, gloomry, oppidum, castra; trop., to attack, assail nox, nubes. 2. Poet., casting a shade, (with words, an accusation, etc.), alishady, nemus. quem. 4pirio, ui, ertum, 4. v. tr. (ob-perio or ops, 6pis, f. (root op, whence also opus pario, as aperio fr. ab-perio) To cover, and copia) (The nom. and dat. sing. do cover over, caput. 2. Trans., to shut, not occur) Power, might, ability. 2. close, oculos, fores. 3. Trop., to cover Help, aid, assistance. 3. P1. opes OPT 339 ORN means, resources, riches, wealth; also, ordior, orsus, 4. v. dep. tr. and intr. influence, power, esp. military or po- (opd6o) Lit., to begin a web, begin to litical. weave; hence, in gen., to befgi, comop.ttus, a, um, Pa. (opto) Wished, mence, undertake; in partic., to begin to wishedJor, longedfor, desired, pleasing, speak, begin to narrate or describe; welcome. orationem, bellum, reliquos, loqui, de re opto, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (kindr. w. aliqua; intr., to begin, unde est orsa o7rTw, 6o0.aUL) To choose, select, locum, oratio. ducem. 2. Transf., to wish, wish for, ordo inis, m. A row, line, regular series desire, hope. of things; in partic., a srow cy benches or 6ipjlerLs, entis, and, more freq., i6p_- seats; a line or rank of soldiers; a cenlentusp a, um, adj. (ops) Ilich, tury, company, or band of soldiers, also, wealthy, opulent, homo, civitas. 2. a centurion or captain of a company. 2. Transf., rich, f ine, sumptuous, spleni did, Order, method, course, succession, rerum, dona, liber; respectable, considerable, facinoris; adv., ordine, in order, in powerful, noble, factio, res. course, regularly. 3. An order, rank, _pus, eris, n. (see ops) A work; in par- class of citizens, equester; and in gen., tic., a milit. work, for either defensive or a class, rank, scribarum, mercatornm. offensive purposes, a fortification, tower, Oreas adis, f. ('Opwea) A mountainbattering ram, etc.; also, any other nymph. work, a building, work of art, a writing, Orestesp is, m. ('OpiaT71g) Son of Agaetc.; in gen., a deed, action, perform- memnon and Clytemnestra. To avenge ance. 2. Work = business, occupation. the death of his father he slew his 3. Work = labor, activity, industry. mother, and was for this tormented by 6pus, n. indecl. (kindr. w. id.) Need, the Furies. necessity, opus est mihi aliquid or aliqua Orgia, Orum, n. pl. ('Opyca) The nocturre, I need something; less freq. opus nal festival or orgies of Bacchus. 2. est = it is useful, serviceable, beneficial. Transf., in gen., any secret, frantic oraq ae, f. (os) The extremity, edge, revels, orgies. 3. Trop., mysteries, margin, border of a thing, clipei, vesti- naturae. menti, regionis. 2. In partic., a coast, Oriensp entis, m. (part of orior; prop. sea-coast. 3. Transf. (mostly poet.), a sc. sol, the rising sun) The rising region, clime, country. sun, the dawn, and in gen. (poet.) for braiclumy i, n. (oro) A divine an- day. 2. The quarter where the sun nouncement, an oracle. 2. A prophecy, rises, the East, the Orient. in gen.; also, an oracular saying, oracle, 6rigo minis, f. (orior) Origin, beginning, pronounced by a man reputed as un- source, birth, descent. 2. Transf., a race, commonly wise; transf., the place where stock, family; of persons, a progenitor, oracular responses were given, an or- founder. acle. Orion, onis, m. ('Opiov) Orion, the orbis, is, m. A circle; any thing of a storm-bringing constellation, named after circular form, a ring, disk, hoop, wheel, afamous hunter transported to heaven. orbit, etc. 2. In partic., an orb or disk 6rior, ortus, 4. v. dep. intr. (root or, of a shield; a fold or coil of a serpent; kindr. w. opvvuat) To rise, appeas, orbis (with or without terrarum), the stellae, sol, lux. 2. Trop., to arise, circle of the lands, i. e., the earth, the spring up, clamor, caedes, tempestas; world (the ancients regarding the earth to arise, originate, proceed, a re aliqua; as a circular plane); the circuit or course to spring from a person, to be born, a through the sky of a heavenly body, Germanis. or of personified Nox, etc.; an annual ornatus l us, m. (orno, to furnish) A circle or circuit of the months or seasons, furnishing, fittingout, preparation (rar.). i. e., a year; in a restricted sense like 3 3. That with which a person or thing is orbis terrarum, a region, country, Eoo ab fitted out, equipment; in partic., milita)ry orbe redit, noster. equipment, armor, dress, attire, apparel; Orcus, i, m. The Lower World, the in gen., an adornment, decoration, enmabode of the dead. 2. The god of the bellishment, ornament, lit. and trop. Lower World, Orcus, Pluto. 3. Poet., ornus, i, f. (perh. kindr. w. -pecv5q) A death. wild mountain-ash. ORO 340 PAL drop avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (os) activity, idleness, langluescere in otio; To speak, aliquid. 2. In partic., to time, leisure for any thing, ad aliquid argue, plead, causam. 3. To beg, en- faciendum; rest, quiet, repose, peace. treat, beseech, implore (constr. w. acc. of 6vis, is, f. (ore) A sheep. the pers. and of the thing, w. ut, or ne). 6vo utvi, tum, 1. v. intr. To eult, reOrontes, is (or i), or ae, m. ('OpVTirn) A joice. 2. To celebrate an ovation, to river oJ Syria. 2. A companion of triumph. Aeneas and leader of the Lycians, lost by shipwreck in the voyage to Italy. p.'Orpheus (dissyl.), ei and eos, m. ('upPev ) The celebrated poet and mnusi- pibiilump i, n. (pasco) Food, gen. of cian of Thrace, husband of Eurydice, animals, fodder, pasture. 2. -Trop., whom, after her death, he sought to bring food, nourishment, studii, amoris. back from the Lower World. Plchynum, i, n. (II&Xvros) The southorsus7 a, urn, part. of ordior. eastern promontory of Sicily. Ortus, fis, m. (orior) A rising of a heav- paciscorp pactus, 3. v. dep. intr. and tr. enly body, rising of the sun; hence, also, (paco, pax) Intr., to make an agreethe east, the orient. 2. In gen., a rise, ment with any one, to bargain, agree, beginning, origin, venti, juris; in par- cum aliquo, inter se. 2. Tr., to bargain tic., of men, origin, birth. for, stipulate for, provinciam, salutem; Ortygiap ae, f. ('OprvyTa; 6prvt, a quail) in partic., to betroth, puellam. 3. Poet., An older name for the isle of Delos. 2. to barter, hazard, vitam pro laude. An island in the harbor of Syracuse, pico, avi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (pax) To bring forming part of the city. to a state of peace, to pacify, and gen., Fs$ Oris, n. The mouth. 2. Transf., the to subdue, quell, Galliam, hostes. face, countenance,features; poet., speech, pactus, a, um, part. of paciscor. Agreed language. 3. A mouth, opening, en- upon, covenanted, etc. trance, fluminis, specus. Paeanp a-nis, m. (latlrv) A name of OS, ossis, n. (6baroor) A bone. Apollo, as the healing deity. 2. A reliosciilum i, n. (dim. of os, oris) (Poet.)' gious hymn, orig. in honor of Apollo, A little mouth, pretty or sweet mouth, in but afterwards of other deities, afestive plur., lips. 2. A kiss. or triumphal song, a paean. ostendo, di, sum and tum, 3. v. tr. Palaemon, onis, m. (IlaAaa/wov) A (obs-tendo) To stretch out before, spread sea-god, called also 2lelicerta and Portubefore; hence, 2. To expose to view, nus, the son of Ino. show, exhibit, alicui aliquid, aciem, se. palaestrap ae, f. (7racAax(rpa) A wrest2. Trop., to show, disclose, manifest, ling-school, wrestling -place, palaestra. metum, sententiam; to show by speech, 2. Transf., a wrestling, wrestling-game to declare, make known. or -exercise, gymnastic exercise. 3. ostento, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (intens. Trop., a place for other exercises, a of id.) To hold out, present, offer; to school, e.g., of rhetoric; also, practice present to vieiv, show, exhibit, urbem. or exercise, esp. iA speaking; hence, 2. Trop., to show with vanity or boast- grace, skill, vires sine palaestrq. fulness, show of, parade, display, boast PAlamedes, is, m. (IIAa i,,8i7s) Son of, prudentiam; to hold out, promise, of king Nauplius, of Euboea, stoned to praemia; to hold out threateningly, to death by the Greeks before Troy, through threaten, servitutem; to show, disclose, the malicious artifice of Ulysses. reveal, declare, in gen. palans, antis, part. of palor. ostium7 ii, n. (os.) A mouth, entrance, Palinfrus, i, m. (lIaAXvovpos) The pilot fluminis, portus. 2. A door. of Aeneas, who, while at the helm, was ostrum, i, n. (icrTpEov). (Poet.) The overpowered by the god of sleep, and fell blood of the sea-snail, purple; hence, into the sea off the coast of Lucania. 2. transf., purple stuff, purple dress or cov- A promontory of Lucania, named after ering, purple. the pilot,-now Cap Palinuro. Othryades, ae, m. C(Opvd8ens) Son of palla, ae, f. (kindr. -w. pellis) A robe, Othrys, i. e., Panthus. mantle, a long, wide upper garment of 6tiumrn ii, n. Freedom from business, the Roman ladies. 2. Poet., a garment leisure, leisure-time. 2. In partic., in- worn by men, esp. by tragic actors. PAL 341 PAR Palladius, a, um, adj. (Pallas) Of or river in the eastern part of Sicily, flow. belonging to Pallas, Palladian, arx, ra- ing into the sea between rocky banks. muns. Subs., Palladiurn, ii, n., the Palla- Panthus, i, m. (lIavOoog [ovs] ) A Trodium, a statue of Pallas, believed to jan, son of Othrys and priest of Apollo, have fallen from heaven in the reign of slain at the capture of Troy. Ilus, and guarded by the Trojans with padpaver, 6ris, n. The poppy. great care, hecause the fate of the city FPaphos, i, f. (flcidoe) A city in the was supposed to depend on its posses- western part of Cyprus, sacred to Venus. sion, but carried off by Ulysses and Jpr~ paris, adj. Equal, like; in partic., Diomed. equal to, a miatch for, alicui; par est, it Pallas, adis, f. (HIIakXs) The Greek is fit, meet, proper, etc., dubito quid me name for MTInerva, the goddess of war facere par sit. and wisdom. pdritus, a, um, Pa. (paro) Prepared, pallens, entis, Pa. (palleo, to be pale) ready. (Poet. and lat.) Pale, wan. Parcae, -rum, f. The Fates (Clotho, pallidus, a, um, adj. (id.) Pale, pallid, Lachesis, and Atropos). turba, (poet.) mors. parco, peperci and parsi, parcItum and pallor, Oris, m. (id.) Paleness, wanness, parsum, 3. v. intr. (parcus, sparing) To pallor. 2. Trop. (poet.), alarm, terror; be sparing with respect to a thing, to hence, person., Pallor, the god of Fear. spare, rei alicui. 2. To spare, i. e., rot palma7 ae, f. (7raXa d') The palm of the to injure, to use carefully, alicui, subjechand; transf., the hand, in gen. 2. A tis. 3. To spare any action or feeling, palm-tree, a palm; transf., the fruit of to refrain from, cease from, forbear, the palm-tree, a date (poet.); a palm- bello, metu, aliquid facere. branch; esp. freq.,apalm-branch, palm- parens, entis, c. (pario) A parent, a wreath, as a token of victory, hence, a I father or mother; a founder of a race; palm, a prize, and, in a more gen. sense, an author, inventor, father, lyrae, phivictory; also, poet. for a victor. losophiae. 2. P1., parents; in a.more palmosus, a, um, adj. (id.) Abounding gen. sense, ancestors; also, relatives, iuZ palsn-trees. kindred (rar.). palmiila, ae, f. (dim. of id.) The palm p-reo, ui, paritum, 2. v. intr. ((kindr. w. of the hand; transf., an oar-blade, an pario) To appear, show one's self, alicui oar. (rar.); impers.. paret, it is clear, evident. palor, itus, 1. v. dep. intr. To wander 2. To appear as a servant at one's comabout, straggle, be dispersed. mand, to attend, wait upon, magistratipqlus, uidis, f. A swamp, marsh, marshy bus (also rar.). 3. (The common signif.) lake. To obey, be obedient to, be subject to, subpamplneus, a, um, adj. (pampinus, i, mit to, comply with, yield to, alicui, nem., a vine-shoot; also, a vine-leaf, vine- cessitati. foliage) Of vine-leaves or branches, co- paries, etis, m. A wall. rona. 2. Covered or adorned with vine- pdrio, peperi, paritum and partum, 3. v. leaves, hasta. tr. To bring forth, bear; of animals, Pandarus, i, m. A MJysian chieftain, to drop, lay, etc. 2. In gen., to bring an ally of the Trojans, and a famous| forth, produce, terra p. frules. 3. archer, who, under the direction of Afin- i Trop., to produce, create, procure, obtain, erva, broke the truce between the Trojans cause, etc., dolorem, laudem, gratiam, and the Greeks, by wounding Mlenelaus. i letum. pando, pandi, pansum or passum, 3. v. Paris, Idis, m. (IIapts) Son of Priamn tr. (kindr. w. pateo) To spread out, and Hecuba, who carried oqe' licle to stretch out, extend, unfold, expand. 2. Troy, and thus provoked the Trojan To throw open, to open, januam, moenia. war. 3. Trop., to unfold in speech, reveal, parlter, adv. (par) Equally, in an eq/ual disclose, explain, narrate, rerum natu- manner. 2. At the sanme timne, togefher ram, fata. I (signifying equality in time or associate PanS6pea ae, f. (Hav6rerea) A sea- action). nymph, one of the Nereids. Piarius, a, um, adj. (Paros) Of Paros, Panopes, is, m. A Sicilian youth. Parian. Pantagiasp ae, m. (IIavTra-/Za) A small parma7 ae, f. (7r apatq) A small, round PAR 342 PAT ehield, carried by light infantry and cav- transf., of men, to live by, support one's alry; poet. for a shield, in gen. self by, sceleribus; also (poet.), act. paro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (kindr. w. pario) pasco, pascentes capellae, pascant in To make ready, prepare, furnish, pro- saltibus. 4. Trop., tof'eed, feast, gratside, turres, incendia, classem, frangere. ify, oculos, animum. 2. To prepare to do something, i. e., to FPasipha~, es, f. (Isaaotcqi) Daughter intend, design, aliquid facere. 3. To of Sol and Perseis, wife of Minos, king of procusre, obtaih, regnum sibi, jumenta. Crete, and mother of the Minotaur. Paros, i, f. (IIlpog) An island of the passim, adv. (passus, fr. pando) DisCyclades, famous for its white marble; persedly, scattered about, in different hence called nivea. places, here and there. 2. (Poet. and pars, partis, f. A part, piece, portion, lat.) Promiscuously, indiscriminately, etc.; pars....pars, some....others; adv., indocti doctique passim. parte, in parte, or ex parte, in part, passus, a, um, Pa. (pando) Spread out, partly; pro parte, for one's share or outstretched; of hair, loose, disheveled. part; pro mea, tua, sua parte, for my, 2. Spread out to dry; hence, dried, dry, etc., part or share. 2. In partic., a part uva. of the earth, a region, place, quarter; passusp a, um, part. of patior. Having also, a side, direction, ab sinistra parte, suffered, suffering. in utram partem fluat. 3. (Mostly pl.) passus fis, m. (pando) Prop., a stretchA party, faction. 4. (In pl.) A part, ing out of the feet in walking; hence, a character played by an actor; hence, step, pace. 2. Transf., a pace as a meastransf. in gen., a part, office, function, ure of length = five Roman feet. 3. duty, imperatoris, constantiae. Poet., afootstep, trace. Parthin6paeus, i, m. (Itap0evooraos) I pastor, Oris, m. (pasco) A herdsman, One of'"The Seven against Thebes." shepherd. 2. A keeper, in gen., pavopartio, ivi or ii, Itum, and (more freq.) num, populi. partior, Itus, dep. 4. v. tr. and intr. ] PAtaviump ii, n. A city in the terri(pars) To share, part. 2. To divide, tory of the Veneti, founded by Antenor, distribute. and noted as the birthplace of the histopartitus, a, um, part. (id.) Divided, rian Livy-the modern Padua. separated. p4t6-facio, feci, factum, 3. v. tr. (papartus, a, um, part. (pario) Obtained, teo-f.) To make or lay open, throw open, procured, provided, prepared, secured. open. 2. Trop., to bring to light, dispartus, Is, m. (id.) A bearing, bring- close. ing forth, birth; trop., a beginning, pltens, entis, Pa. (pateo) Open, exorigin, Graeciae oratorum. 2. Concr., tended, wide, clear, locus. offspring, the young of any creature. pateo, ui, 2. v. intr. To stand or lie parump adv. (kindr. w. parvus and 7rav- open, be open; in partic., to lie open, be po3) Too little, not enough, credere ali- exposed to any thing, vulneri; to stretch cui; subs., too little, sapientiae; parum I out, extend, fines in longitudinem; also, est, it is not enough. 2. Not very, but trop., in all these senses. 2. Trop., to little, little, firma, laeta. be evident or manifest. parumper, adv. (id.) For a little while, paterX tris, m. (7raTrp) A father, sire. a short tinme, a while. 2. Transf., a forefather, ancestor; in parviilus, a, um, adj. (dim. of parvus) pl., for parentes, parents; as a mere Very small, little; of age, little, young. title of honor, Father, applied to Jupiparvus a, umrn, adj. (comp. minor, sup. I ter, Apollo, Neptune, Mars, Bacchus, minimus) (kindr. w. na)po;) Little, Portunus, etc.; also to men, as to senasmall. tors, to Aeneas, etc. pasco, pavi, pastum, 3. v. tr. and intr. patera7 ae, f. (patco) A broad. shallol To drive to pasture, to pasture, sues, cup cr saucer, used in pouring out libagreges; hence, in gen., 2. To feed, tions, a libation-bowl. nourish, maintain, support, greges, ser- I paternus, a, umrn, adj. (pater) Of afathvos, flammas, sitlera,. 3. Pass. in mid. er, fatherly, paternal. ". Poet., of one's sense, of animals, to graze, browse, and, native country, terra, flumen. in gen., to feed, eat, pascuntur per her- patesco, tuni, 3. v. intr. (inch. of pateo) bas; tr. (poet.), to feed on, gramina; (Mostly poet. and lat.) To begin to be PAT 343 PEN open, to open, portus. 2. Transf., to ex- pocus, pecoris, n. Cattle, collectively, a tend, campus paulo latior. 3. Trop., to herd, flock. be disclosed, to become manifest, insidiae. p&cus iidis, f. (id.) A single head of catpatiens, entis, Pa. (patior) Bearing, tie, a beast, brute, animal; in partic., a supporting, doloris, vomeris; transf., en- sheep. during, patient; also, firm, hard (poet.), pedes, itis, m. (pes) One that goes on saxo patientior. foot, a pedestrian. 2. In partic., a footpatiorp passus, 3. v. dep. tr. To suffer, soldier; collect. in sing., infantry. endure, submit to, imperium, exilium. pelagus, i, n. (7riAayoa) The sea, the ~2. To suffer, i. e., allow, permit, aliquid. open sea, the main; poet., a flood, patria, ae, f. (patrius) One's native coun- deluge. try, father-land, native place; in gen., a PMlasgi, orum, m. (IIeXaayoi) The Pchome. lasgians, the most ancient inhabitants of patrius, a, um, adj. (pater) Of or per- Greece. 2. Poet. for the Greeks. taining to a father, fatherly, paternal. MPelasgusp a, um, adj. (id.) Pelasgian; 2. Hereditary, ancestral. 3. Of one's poet. for Grecian. own counrtry, native, sermo, Argos. I plias; ae, m. A Trojan, wounded by Patron, Onis, m. A companion of Ae- Ulysses at the capture of Troy. neas. P1ides, ae, m. (rlb1Aei8ns) The son of patruus, i, m. (pater). A father's broth- Peleus, i. e., Achilles; also, the grander, paternal uncle (opp. to avunculus, son of Peleus, i. e., Pyrrhus (Neoptoa maternal uncle); trop., a severe re- lemus). prover. pellax a-cis, adj. (pellicio, to allure, lr. paucusp a, um, adj. Few (usually only | per and obs. lacio, to entice) Seductive, in the pl.). decei(ful, crafty, artful. paultim, adv. (paulum) Little by lit- pellis, is, f. A skin, hide of a beast. tle, gradually. 2. A tent for soldiers (because covered paulisper, adv. (id.) For a little while. with skins); also, a garment, made of paulum, adv. (paulus, little) A little, skin or leather. somewhat. pello, pepflzi, pulsum, 3. v. tr. To beat, pauper) eris, adj. Poor, not wealthy, of strike, knock or knock at any thing, tersmall means. 2. Of things, poor, scanty, ram pede, lyram manu, fores. 2. To inconsiderable, mensa. thrust or drive out, expel, banish, ex pauperies, ei, f (id.) (Poet. and lat.) Galliae finibus. 3. Trop., to drive away, Poverty, smallness of means. expel, banish, etc., dolorem, lacrimas. pavldus7 a, um, adJ. (paveo, to tremble P3l6peus, a, um, adj. Of Pelops, Pew. fear) Trembling, feazful, alarmed. lopian; poet. for Grecian. 2. (Lat.) Accompanied with fear, anx- |Pel1rus, i, m. (IIeespos) A promontory ious, fuga. 3. (Poet.) That produces on the north-east coast of Sicily. fear, terrible, religiones. pelta, ae, f. (VrsAT7) A small, crescentpagvito, 1. v. intr. intens. (id) To trem- shaped shield. ble, quake with fear. n Penatesy ium, m. (fr. root pen, whence pavorg Oris, m. (id,) A trembling from penitus, penetro-expressing the idea of fear, fear, anxiety; poet., a trembling I "within"; hence, as deities of the intefrom joy, desire, etc. rior of the house) The Penates, old Lapax7 pacis, f. (k. w. paciscor) Peace. 2. tin household deities, guardian deities of Transf., grace, favor of the gods, exorat the family and domestic affairs; transf., pacem divum. 3. Permission, pace tua. a dwelling, abode, home. pecten, mis, m. (pecto, ere, to comb) pendeo, pependi, 2. v. intr. (pendo) To A comb. 2. Of things like a comb, the hang, hang dozwn, hang suspended, ex sley of a weaver's loom; a rake; an in- arbore, umbone. 2'. Transf. (mostly strument with which the strings of a poet.), to hang in the air, be suspended. lyre were struck; hence (poet.), a lyre; float, summo in fluctu; poet., to halng also, a poem, song. abouzt, linger, remain any where, nostro pectus, 6ris, n. The breast. 2. Transf., in limine. 3. Trop., to hang or depend the breast as the seat of emotion, etc., upon, salus nostra p. exiguR spe; to be the heart, disposition, feelings; the soul, uncertain, to waver, etc., animus. mind; also, courage, bravery. pendop popendi, pensum, 3. v. tr. To PEN 344 PER cause to hang, to suspend (esp. of scales); note a reason, cause, etc., on accoue.t of, hence, to weigh, weigh out (rar.). 2. for the sake of, thlrough, for, metum, Transf., to pay (weigh out money in pay- etc.; in oaths, entreaties, etc., by, deos, ment); w. poenas, to pay a penalty, suf- dextram. 5. In composition per usufer punishment. 3. Trop., toweighmen- ally adds intensity to the signification. tally, ponder, consider; also (ante-cl. and peractus, a, um, part. of poet.), to esteem, value, aliquem magni. pgr-ago, ebi, actum, 3. v. tr. To drive 1Penelus eia, ~m. A Greek who slew through, thrust or pierce through, latus C'oroebus at the capture of Troy. ense (poet.); w. freta, to traverse (poet.). p6netr5lis; e, adj. (penetro) Piercing, 2. To go through with, fni;sh, accompenetrating (ante-cl.). 2. Inner, interior, plish, cursum, vitam; in partic., w. acinzerenost, adytis. 3. Subs., penetralia cusationem, or reum, to prosecute to the (rar. sing.), ium, n., the interior of a end, or to conviction; trop., to go through house, inner apartments; in partic., a in words, go over, relate, mention, postusanctuary, shrine. lata, res gestas. penetro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. p6rlgro, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (per-ager) (root pen, whence penitus and penates) To travel through, wander through or To put or place into, pedem intra over, traverse, provincias. 2. Trop., to aedes, se in fugam (ante- and post-cl.). go through, traverse, penetrate, mente. 2. (Poet. and lat.) To pierce into, enter, per-cello, cuili, culsum, 3. v. tr. (cello = penetrate any thing, locum; trop., w. KEAAo, to impel) To beat or strike down, animum. 3. Intr., to make way, pene- overturn, aliquem, arborem; transf., in trate, in urbem, sub terras. gen., to strike, smite, aliquem cuspide. penitus, adv. (id.) Inwardly, far with- 2. Trop., to overthrozo, ruinl, rempubliin, deeply; far away, far, alias oras, re- cam; to discourage, dishearten, aliquem, postus. 2. Thoroughly, completely, ut- animos. terly. per-curro cuicurri or curri, cursum, 3. pennap ae, f. (root pet, kindr. w. ren'alac) v. tr. and intr. To sun or hasten through, A feather, esp., a wing-feather. 2. In agrum; trop., to run over or through in the pl. (poet.), wings. speaking, to mzention cursorily; to run Penthoslda, ae, f. (lIevOeoiAnEa) A over with the mind or eye, to scan. 2. queen of the Amazons who fought against Intr., to run through or ovre, run along the Greeks at the siege of Troy, and was to, per mare, ad forum. slain by Achilles. percussus, a, um, part. of Pentheus, ei and eos, m. (IIeevOes) A percutio, cussi, cussunm, 3. v. tr. (perking of Thebes in Boeotia, who, having quatio) Tostrike through, pierce through, opposed the rites of Bacchus, was torn in pectus, venam; hence, to slay, kill, alipieces by his mother and aunts, while they quem. 2. In gen., to strike, smite, hit, were under the influence of the god. aliquem, januam manu, aliquem fulmine. p6nus, fis and i, m. and f., also penum, 3. Trop., to strike, snake a stroseg inzi, and penus, oris, n. (root pen, whence pression upon, deeply affect, more, etc., Penates, etc.) That which is within the aliquenh; also, to deceive, impose vpon house, stores of food, provisions, food. any one. peplum, 1, n., and peplus, i, m. (=rir- porditus, a, um, Pa. (perdo) Lost; Xov, 7reXrAos) A robe or shawl worn by hence, ruined, desperate, hopeless, acre Greek ladies; in partic., the robe of alieno, omnibus rebus perditis; in a state in which the statue of Minerva at moral sense, abandoned, wicked, flagiAthens was invested at the Panathenaic tious, homo, consilia. festival. per-do, didi, ditum, 3. v. tr. To make perv prep. w. ace. Of space, through (to way with, destroy, ruin, corrqplt, fruges, denote motion through, or mere exten- rempublicam, hominem; to squander, sion over); often = over, along, amid, or fortunas. 2. Transf., to lose tfterly, liamong, in, urbem, vias, domos. 2. Of beros, spem. time, through, during, for, in, noctem. pbr-6do, edi, 6sum, 3. v. tr. (Poet.) To 3. To denote the instrument or means, eat up, consume. through, by means of, by, manus alicujus, peremptus7 a, um, part. of per imo. spem pacts, se, etc.; of way or manner, pr-eo, ii, Itum, 4. v. intr. To go or with, in, jocum, tram, etc. 4. To de- run through, lympha (poet.). 2. Topass PER 345 PER away, disappear; in partic., to perish, rei alicujus. 2. Transf., risk, danger, die; poet., to die with love, to be des- peril, accompanying an attempt (the perately in love; to be ruined, undone, common signif.). meo vitio pereo. p:rimo7 emi. emptum, 3. v. tr. (per and per-erro% avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To wan- emo = accipere) To take entirely away; der or roam through or over, pontus; hence, to annihilate, destroy, urbem, senhence, trop., aliquem oculis, to survey. sum. 2. To hinder, interrupt, prevent, perfectus, a, um, Pa. (perficio) Fin- consilium. 3. In partic. (poet. and lat.), ished, comnplete, perfect; hence, exqui- to kill, slay, aliquem. site, elegant. 3P6r1phas7 antis, m. (HIepeas) A comper-fero, tufli, latum, v. irreg. tr. To panion of Pyrrhus. bear or carry through; transf., in gen., perjurium7 ii, n. (perjurus) A false to carry, convey, mandata; in partic., oath, perjury. to convey news, to report; w. se, to be- perjurus, a, um, adj. (per-jus) Pertake one's self, go. 2. Trop., to bear or jured. endure to the end, poenam; in gen., to per-libor, psus, 3. v. dep. intr. To beare, endure, suffer, undergo, aliquid. glide through or over. perficio7 foci, fectum, 3. v. tr. (per- per-ligop 16gi, lectum, 3. v. tr. To facio) To execute, perform, finish, com- view all over, to survey, examine.'. In plete, conata, bellum; to work, make, partic., to read through or over, librum, candelabrum, porta elephanto. 2. To leges. bring about, effect, w. ut, etc. per-metior7 ensus, 4. v. dep. tr. pefidus7 a, um, adj. (per-fides) Faith- (metior, to measure) To measure less, false, perfidious. through, measure out, measure, magniper-fio advi, atum, 1. v. tr. (Poet. and tudinem solis. 2. Transf. (poet.), to lat.) To blow through or over. travel through or over, traverse, aeqtlor. per-fundo, fudi, fusum, 3. v. tr. To per-mitto, misi, missum, 3. v. tr. To pour over, to wet, besprinkle, moisten; let go or pass through; to let go, let pass. perfundi, w. mid. signif., to bathe; loose, equos; to let fly, throzo, hurl, tela. w. sudor, to drench; of garments, to 2. To give up, surrender, commit, alicui dye; to sprinkle over, bestrew, canitiem aliquid. 3. To allow, permit, ssffer any pulvere. 2. Trop., to imrue, fill with, thing. gaudio; to disturb, alarm, nos judicio; permixtus, a, um, part. (per-misceo) to imbue slightly, aliquem studiis. Mingled. perfistus, a, um, part. of id. per-mulceo, si, sum and ctum, 2. v. Pergameus, a, um, adj. (Pergamum) tr. To rub or stroke gently, aliquem (Poet.) Trojan. manu. 2. Transf., to touch gently, ocuPergamumn i, n., and PergAmus, i, f., los virga. 3. Trop., to please, delight, or PergAma, 0rum, n. (II7pyraiov, -,uo and charm, aures; to soothe, appease, pec-la) 2The citadel of Troy; poet. for Troy tora, iram. itself, also for the walls of Troy. pernixl Icis, adj. (per-nlitor, w. idea of pergo, perrexi, perrectum, 3. v. tr. and' striving through') Struggling right on, intr. (per-rego) Prop., to make or keep untiring, persevering, active, nimble, straight through; hence, to go on, con- swift. tinue, pursue, prosecute, iter, aliquid fa- pgr-6di, Osus, Odisse, v. def. tr. To cere. 2. Intr., to go on, continue, pro- hate greatly, detest; usually only in the ceed, ad castra; trop., to proceed to any part., perosus, a, um. action, and in partic., in speaking, to go perpituus, a, um, adj. (per-peto) Conon, proceed. tinuous, uninterrupted, unbroken, entire, pirhibeo, ui, itum, 2. v. tr. (per-habeo) whole, paludes, historia, juventa. To hold out, present, give, ascribe, at- per-rumpol upi, uptum, 3. v. intr. and tribute, operam reipublicae, exemplum, tr. Intr., to break or burst through, per auctoritatem. 2. In partic., to bring hostes. 2. Tr., to break through, peneforward in speech, to say, assert; to trate, aliquid; trop., to break down, call, name. - overcome, leges, fastidia. piricilum (contr. periclum), i, n. (obs. per-sentio, si, sum, 4. v. tr. Toafeel perior, whence peritus and experior) A deeply, curas. 2. To perceive plainly, trial, attempt, proof, periculum facere aliquid. PElR 346 PHL per-solvo, solvi, sblfttum, 3. v. tr. To hostile sense, to rush at, attack, assail, loosen or release completely (only trop.); aliquem spiculo, bello urbem. 2. In a hence, 2. To pay, pecuniam; in gen., to good sense (very freq.), to seeek, to repair pay, give, render, praemia, grates; w. to, make for, aim at, locum, aliquid; to poenas, to suffer. go after, go to fetch, aliquid. 3. Trop., per-s&i~c~ ni, itum, 1. v. intr. and tr. to attack, aliquem falsis criminibus; to Intr., to sound through and through, to demand, aliquem ad supplicium; to beg, resound, domus p. cantu; to sound, play ask, beseech, entreat, request, desire, on a musical instrument, cithara per- pacem, aliquid; to seek, strive after, sonat. 2. Tr., to fill with sound, make salutem fuga; to fetch, aliquid a Graecis, resound, aurem, silvas, aequora. genitum. per-sto, stiti, statum, 1. v. intr. To Phaeaces unm, m. pl. (q)aaKea) The continue standing, diem totum. 2. Phaeacians, the Homeric inhabitants of Transf. (poet. and rar.), to remain con- Phaeacia, afterwards Corcyra, now Corstant, last, continue, laurea. 3. Trop., fu, an island off the coast of Epirus. to stand fast, remain steadfast, persist, Phaedra. ae, f. ((a-Spa) Daughter of continue in any thing, in sentententia. king Alinos of Crete and wife of Theseus. per-taedet, taesum est, 2. v. impers. ]Phaithon% ontis, m. (Da0eowv) Son of To be thoroughly wearied, tired, or dis- Helios and Clymene. 2. (Poet.) A surgusted with any thing, me vitae. name of the sun. per-tento, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To feel phalanx, angis, f. (4aXayv) A band of all over (as when carefully examining soldiers drawn up in close order, a host, the sharpness of a dagger); hence, to (poet.). 2. In partic., among the Athetry, test, prove, aliquem, omnia; poet., nians and Spartans, a division of an to pervade, seize, gaudia pectus, tremor army drawn up in battle array, a phalcorpora. anx; a Macedonian phalanx, a compact per-veniop veini, ventum, 4. v. intr. parallelogram of infantry, of 50 men To come through to, to reach, arrive at abreast and 16 deep; a battle-array of (lit. and trop.), in fines hostium, ad the Gauls and Germans, forming a paraures. allelogram. pervius, a, um, adj. (per-via) That may philiraeg mrum, f. pl. (Ta& /dapa) A be passed through, passable, pervious, boss of shining metal worn as an ornaeasily gone through, easy, free, locus, ment upon the breast, esp. by soldiers; amnis, usus tectorum inter se. 2. Trop., also, trappings for the head or breast of open, accessible, cor. a horse (pl. because generally in pairs). pes. pbdis, m. (kindr. w. iros, 7rois) A phAretra, ae, f. (Oap5Tpa) A quiver. foot of man or beast; pedem ferre, to FPhgeusp i, m. (Deyeia) A Trojan atgo or come, p. efferre, to go out, p. referre tendant. or revocare, to return, etc. 2. Transf., Philoctetes, ae, m. (PL;XoKTT7iqw) Son a foot of a table; pes (veli), a rope at- of Poeas, king of Meliboea, in Thessaly, tached to the foot or bottom of a sail for and a companion of Hercules. At the the purpose of setting it to the wind, death of the latter he inherited the bow called in nautical language a sheet; and poisoned arrows without which hence, facere pedem = to manage the Troy could not be taken, and fighting sheet; a metrical foot; a foot as a against the Trojans. at the siege of the measure of length; etc. city, he slew Paris. After the war he pestis, is, f. A contagious disease, a founded the small town of Petelia in plague, pest, pestilence, infection; also, Italy. unawholesome air or weather. 2. Trop., Phineius, a, um, adj. Of Phineus, a destruction, ruin; in partic., the baneful king of Salmydessus in Thrace, struck influence, destructive passion of love; blind by the gods, and tormented by the coner., of a destructive person or thing, Harpies, for having put out the eyes of a pest, curse, scourge. his sons, Phinean. POtElia, ae, f. #An ancient town of Phlegithon, ontis, m. ();eyeo8wv) A Bruttium. river of fire in the Lower World. pito, Ivl and ii, Itum, 3. v. tr. (11ETL, Fhl6gyas7 ae, m. (A;eyvas) A son of the root of v7nr;rTo; hence, orig., to fall Mars, king of the Lapithae, and father upon) To fall upon any thing:-In a of Ixion. PHo 347 PIU Phoeb5us, a, um, adj. (Phoebus) Of pIget; uit, 2. v. impers. It displeases, Phoebus, Phoebean. vexes, disgusts, me alicujus, me meminPhoebus, i, m. (~oios) A poetic name isse. May be rendered, I (thou, he, of Apollo. they, etc.) dislike, am vex.ed, disgusted, Phoenices, cum, m. pl. (oeiVLKeq) The loathe, etc. 2. (Ante-cl. and lat.) = Phoenicians. poenitet, it repents one; also, = pudet, Phoenissa, ae, f. ($oetviaaa) Adj., of it makes one ashamed. Phoenicia, Phoenician. 2. Subs., a pignus, oris, n. A pledge, pawn, secuPhoenician w oman. rity, mortgage; of persons, a hostage; Phoenix; icis, m. (Neotvtt) A Grecian also, a wager, stake. 2. Trop., a pledge, chieftain, atfirst the preceptor of Achilles, token, assurance, proof, security; concr., and afterwards his companion in the children, parents, brothers and sisters, Trojan war. relatives, as pledges of love, conjugum Ph6loe, es, f. (~oXd6-) A mountain in ac liberorum. Arcadia. 2. The name of a female pineus. a, um, adj. (pinus) Of pine, slave. piny, pine-, silva. Phorbas, antis, m. ((P6pas) A son of pingo; nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. To paint, Priam, killed during the Trojan war. depict; with a needle, to emisoider. 2. Phorcus, i, m. (F6pKos) A son of Nep- Trop., to adorn, ornament; of style, to. tune and father of the Gorgons, changed color, embellish, verba. after death into a sea-god. pinguis, e, adj. (kindr. w. riwvj) Fat, Phryges, um, m. (Fp~ye) The Phry- agnus; transf., rich, fertile, ager; thick, gians, a people of Asia Minor; also, dense, folia, coelum; unctuous, resinous, because Troy belonged to Hellespontine pyra taedis. 2. Trop., dull, stupid, inPhrygia, = Trojans. genium; strong, coarse, verba; (poet. Phr.ygius; a, um, adj. (id.) Phrygian; and lat.) quiet, easy, comfortable, quies, and, because Troy belonged to Phrygia amor; (lat.) sleek, spruce, orator. (Hellespontine), freq. = Trojan. Subs., pinifer, era, erum, adj. (pinus-fero) Phrygiae, arum, f., Phrygian or Trojan Pine-bearing, pine-covered, mons. women. pinus fis and i, f. (7rvv) A pine, pinePhthial ae, f. (I8oa) A city of Thessaly, tree. 2. Any thing made of pine, e. g., the birthplace of Achilles. a ship, an oar, pine-torch, etc. piaciilum, i, ii. (pio) A means of ap- pio avi,, 1atum,. v. tr. (pius) To appeasing a deity, an expiatory sacrifice, pease, propitiate, aliquem, ossa. 2. Tb expiation; also, punishment (as an expi- honor with religious rites, aras ture; to ation for crime). 2. That which needs atone for, expiate; also, to avenge, punexpiation, a sin, crime. ish, culpam. picea, ae, f. (pix, pitch) The pitch-pine, Firithous, i, m. (HIIepoos) A king of pine, redfir. the Lapithae, son of Ixion, husband of piceus, a, um, adj. (id.) Made of pitch. Rippodamia, and friend of Theseus. 2. Black as pitch, pitch-black. with whom he descended to the infernal pictiira, ae, f. (pingo) Painting, the regions in the attempt to carry off Proserart of painting. 2. Concr., a painting, pine. picture. piscosus7 a, um, adj. (piscis, a fish) picturatus, a, um, adj. (id.) (Poet.) Abounding infish,fishy. Pictured, embroidered, vestis. pistrix, Icis, and pistris, is, f. (also pictus, a, um, part. of pingo. pristis) (ria-rplt, 7r~arpcs) A sea-monster pigtas, Atis, f. (pius) Dutiful conduct (a whale, shark, etc.). 2. Transf., the towards the gods, one's parents, rela- VWhale, a constellation; also, a kind of tives, country, etc.; also, a sense of duty fast-sailing ship. based on love and reverence. With re- pius, a, um, adj. Dutiful towards the spect to the gods, piety. 2. With re- gods, one's parents, etc. (see pietas). spect to parents, relatives, benefactors, With respect to the gods, pious, devout; country, etc., dutifulness,filialpiety, af- of things having reference to religion, fection, love, gratitude, patriotism, loy- pious, holy, sacred, manus, locus, far, alty, etc. 3. Transf. (poet. and lat.), pax. 2. With respect to one's parents, justice, si qua est coelo pietas; also, one's country, etc., affectionate, tender, tenderness, pity, mercy, compassion. dutiful, loyal, etc. 3. In gen., just, PLA 348 POL righteous, good, pure, kind, friendly, praeda. 2. Complete,full, entire,annuq, bellum, numina, testa. exercitus; w. orator, pe6fect; stout, corpl.c~tus, a, um, Pa. (placo) Calm, pulent, home; w. vox, sonorous, full. quiet, peaceful. plico, avi or ui, Mtum or itum, 1. v. tr. pliceo, cui (also plAcitus sum), citum, (kindr. w. 7rniecw) To fold,foldup; an2. v. intr. (root plac, as in placeo) To guis se, coils itself up. please, to be pleasing, agreeable, or ac- plhima, ae, f. A small, softfeather; in ceptable, alicui; in partic., Nv. sibi, to be pl., downy feathers, down. 2. Transf. pleased or satisfied with one's self, to (poet.), the first beard, down; the scales flatter or pride one's self, ego mihi pla- on a coat of mail. cui. 2. Impers., placet mihi (tibi, etc.), plumbumr, i, n. Lead; of things made of it pleases me, it is my pleasure, will, lead (poet.), a leaden ball; a leaden pipe. opinion, etc., placuit mihi ut, etc., I de- pluirimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of multus) termined, etc.; senatui placet, it is the The most, very much, very nmany, very will of the senate; ut Stoicis placet, as great; in the neut. sing., abs. (substanthe opinion of the Stoics is. tively or adverbially), most, very mnuch, pl1aclde, adv. (placidus) Sqftly, calmly, very highly, quam plurimum, plurimum gently, quietly. laboris, plurimum posse, (genit. of placdus, a, um, adj. (placeo) Gentle, price) plurimi facere. quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful, placid, plus, plfiris, adj. (comp. of multum) homo, dies, somnus, amnis; w. deus, More (used both subs. and adv.), pecupropitious; w. aures, compassionate. niae, non plus quam, pluris putare; in pl. placitus, a, em, Pa. (id.) Pleasing, sometimes =many, plures dies manere. agreeable, acceptable, amor, locus. pluvius, a, um, adj. (pluo, to rain) placjo, dvi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (kindr. w. Rainy, rain-bringing, rain-, coelum, placeo) To caln, quiet, soothe, appease, Hyades, arcus. assuage, propitiate, reconcile, deum, ali- pociilumr i, n. (kindr. w. poto) A quem, aequora, invidiam. drinking-cup, goblet. 2. Transf. (poet.), plaga, ae, f. (x7rayao) (Mostly poet.) A a drink, draught, potion. region, tract.'2. A hunting-net, snar-e, poena, ae, f. (roLcvn; prop., quit-money, larger and stronger than rete; trop., a fine) Punishment, penalty, expiation, snare, toil. atonement, freq. w. dare, solvere, petere planger, Oris, m. (plango, to strike, or repetere, etc.; also, revenge, vengeance. kindr. w. rrxoarnow) A striking, beating, Poeni, Orum, m. TIhe Carthaginians (so producing noise, (poet.). 2. In partic., called as descendants of the Phoenicians a beating of the breast in token of grief; -Poenus being simply'IoLvt~ adapted to hence, loud mourning, wailing, lamenta- the analogy of the Latin). tlion. poenitet, tuit, 2. v. tr. and intr. impers. plantag ao, f. A sprout, shoot, scion, (poenio = punio, to punish, fr. poena) twig; a graft, slip, cutting. 2. A plant, It -repents, me (eum, etc.) alicujius rei, in gen. (poet.). 3. The sole of the foot, also aliquid, i. e., I repent, ams sorry, repedum plantae. gret, etc. 2. It displeases, dissatisfies, plaudo, si, sum, 3. v. tr. and intr. To discontents me, i. e., I am displeased, clap, beat, strike (poet.), pectora manu, etc., with, alicujus rei. choreas. 2. Intr., to clap with any P]61ites, ae, m. (nAro7,g-) A son o.f thing, alis; in partic., to clap the hands Priam, killed by Pyrrhus. in approbation, to applaud (poet.); in polllceor, itus, 2. v. dep. tr. (pro and gen., to. approve, applaud, alicui. liceor, to bid at an auction) To promise. plausus, fis, m. (id.) A clapping (poet. polluo, ui, uitum, 3. v. tr. (pro-luo) To and lat.), plausum pennis dat. 2. A defile, pollute. 2. Trop., to defile morclapping of the hands in approbation, ally, pollute, desecrate, violate, dishonor, applause. domum scelere, jura, feminam. Plemy'riumv ii, n. (InI oouLVpLov) A Pollux7 ficis, m. (o1AviEwvKc) Son of promontory of Sicily, near Syracuse. Jupiter, by Leda, wife of Tyndarus, and pl1nus, a, um, adj. (obs. pleo, to fill, twin-brother of Castor. When the latter whence compleo, expleo, etc.) Full, had been slain, Pollux shared his imdomne plena argenti, laboris; well pro- mortality with him by an exchange of vided evwith, loaded with, inimicorum, places on alternate days. POL 349 POS p6lus i, in. (7r;Xos) A pole, an extremity p6piilors atus, dep., or populo, avi, ltum, of the earth's axis; in partic., the north 1. v. tr. (populus; prop., to cover a repole. 2. Tranlf., the heavens. gion with a multitude; hence, transf. to FP61dsrus, i, m. (IloXOoiwpog) A son of the result) To lay waste, ravage, decrasPriam, killed by the Thracian Polym- tate, despoil, plunder, agros, farris acernestor. vum. 2. Poet., to rob, deprive of, tenlP61kphZmus7 i, m. (HnoX/A;Vos) The pora populata auribus. Cyclops in Sicily, blinded by Ulysses, and p6opilus, i, m. A people, a nation. 2. seen by Aeneas and his party. (Poet. and lat.) A multitude, host, crowd, P1F6 phoetes, is, m. A Trojan, priest apum. of C(eres. porrlcio cci, ectum, 3. v. tr. (old relig. Pormtia7 ae, f., and PFrmntii7 Orum, term for projicio) To cast forth, to prem. An old town of the Volsci, in La- sent or offer as a sacrifice. tium. porrlgo7 rexi, rectum, 3. v. tr. (por= pompa7 ae, f. (7rotvrn) A solemn public pro, and rego) To stretch or spread out procession of any kind, as at festivals, before, to put forth, extend, brachium: triumphs, funerals, etc. 2. Transf., a mid., to be stretched out, be extended, train, retinue, row of persons or things. extend. 2. To hold outt, offer, present, 3. Trop., parade, display, pomp, esp. in gladium alicui. rhetoric. porro, adv. (7r6owo) Of space, w. verbs pondus, eris, n. (pendo) A weight used of motion, forward, onward, further in scales; transf. (abs), balance, equi- on, ire; w. verbs of rest, at a distance, librium, extra p.; heaviness, weight of in the distance, afar off, esse. 2. Of a body. 2. Concr., a heavy body, a time, of old, formerly (very rare); of fuweight, mass, load, burden. 3. Trop., ture time, henceforth, hereafter, afterweight, importance, conseqynence, inJlu- wards, in course of time, in aftertimes, ence, authority, etc.; a burden, cura- accepit Roma. 3. To denote succession, rum, rerum. again, in turn; in discourse, furtherpone, adv. and prep. (kindr. w. post) more, then, next, besides. Adv., after, behind. 2. Prep., w. acc., porta, ae, f. (kindr. w. porto) A gate, behind. urbis; transf., in gen., a passage, enp6no, posui, p6situm, 3. v. tr. To put, trance, outlet. place, set, lay, artus in litore; in partic., portendo, di, tum, 3. v. tr. (old relig. to put or set up, erect, build, domum, collat. form of pro-tendo, to stretch aram; to set, plant, vitem; to set over, forth; hence) To point out, indicate place, appoint as a guard, etc., alicui (something future), to foretell, predict, custodem; to set before one at table, to prophesy, portend, presage. serve up, cibum; to lay down, propose as portIcus, ais, f. (porta) A portico, porch, aprize, praemia. 2. To put or lay down, colonnade, gallery, piazza. 2. Transf., put of, lay aside, arma, libros, onus, a shed to protect besiegers; the Porch etc.; to bury, inter. 3. Trop., to set, put, = the Stoic philosophy. lay, place, metas rerum; in partic., to portitor, oris, m. (porto) (Poet. and put or place in, spem in aliquo; to estab- lat.) A carrier, conveyer (usually with a lish. ordain, appoint, make, leges; to lay boat); hence, a ferryman, boatman. down as true, to assert, maintain; to porto, avi, Etum, 1. v. tr. To bear, carsuppose, assume; to lay aside, give up, ry, convey. 2. (Mostly poet.) To bring, curas, corda ferocia. bear, carry, auxilium. pontus, i, m. (7r6vrov) The sea, the deep; Portinus, i, m. (portus) The protecttransf. (poet.), a wave of the sea. ing god of harbors, called also by the p6piiliris, e, adj. (popilus) Of or be- Greeks Palaemon. longing to the people, popular, lex, aura. portus, iis, m. (root por, as in porta) 2. In a political sense, devoted to the Prop., an entrance; hence, a harbor, people, popular, democratic, homo. 3. port, haven; trop., a haven, place of Of the same country, native; more freq. refuge. subs., popularis, is, m., afellow-country- posco, pbposci, 3. v. tr. (perh. fr. petman. sco, fr. peto) To ask for urgently, to depopiileus, a, um, adj. (popiilus, a pop- mand, beg, pray for. 2. Of things, to lar) Of poplar, poplar-,corona. demand, require, usts poscit. POS 350 PRA piSstus, a, um, part. and Pa. (pono) with verb esse). 2. Comp., potior, us, Placed, situated, disposed. 2. Placed, better, preferable. 3. Sup., potissirnus, put, or laid aside. a, um, the most prominent, principal, possum, potui, posse, v. intr. (potis- 1 chief, homo, causa. Adv., potius, rather, sum) To be able, I (thou, he, etc.) can, preferably, more; sup., potissimum, or facere aliquid. 2. In partic., to be able, (more rar.) potissime, especially, princito hare weight or influence, plurimumr pally. apud aliquem. p6titus, a, um, part. of potior. post, adv. and prep. Adv., of space, be- p6tius, adv. v. potis. hind, back; of time, afterwards, after; poto, avi, potatum, or (more freq.) po(after the present) hereafter.'2. Prep. tum, 1. v. tr. and intr. (kindr. w. w. ace., of space, behind, castra; of time, wrivw, 7r6Tuc, etc.) Tr., to drink, aquam. after, annum quartum. 2. Intr., to drink; of men, to drink, postbrus7 a, um, adj. (comp. posterior, tipple, carouse. sup. postremus or postirmus) (post) Of prae, prep. (w. abl.) and adv. Before, time, coming after, following, ensuing, lit. and trop. next; in posterum (sc. tempus), in the prae-celsusp a, urnm, adj. Very high, future, for the future. Subs., Posteri, lofty. Orum, m., descendants, posterity. praeceps~ cipitis, adj. (prae- caput) post-hibeo3 ui, Itum, 2. v. tr. To Headforemost, headlong, praeceps ire. place after, esteem less, neglect. 2. Hurried, hasty, in haste, headlong, postis, is, m. A post, door-post. 2. precipitate, quick, swift. 3. Of localiPoet., and usually in pl., a door. ties, steep, precipitous; subs., a steep post-quam, conj. After that, after, as place, a precipice, a verge. 4. Sinking, soon as, when. declining, sol p. in occasum. 5. Trop., postrmnus and postfimus, a, um, hasty, rash, cogitatio; dangerous, hazadj. (sup. of posterus) Postramus, of ardous, critical, tempus; inclined to any space, the hindnzost, last; trop., the last, thing, in iram. least, lowest, meanest. 2. Postumus, the praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio) A prelast. esp., the last born, late-born, young- cept, rule. 2. An injunction, admoniest; also of one born after his father's tion. order, instruction. death, or after a will had been made, praecipio7 cepi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. (praeposthumous, late-born, proles. capio) To take beforehand, obtain in adp6tens, entis, Pa. (possum) Able, pow- vance, anticipate, locum, omnia. 2. erful, mighty, rex, terra; capable, fugae; To give rules or precepts to, to advise, adhaving power over, master of, ruler of, monish, prescribe, warn, instruct, teach. urbis, maris; in possession of, alicujus praeclplto, Avi, Rtum, 1. v. tr. and intr. rei, or aliqua re. (praeceps) To throw or cast down headp6tentia, ae, f. (id.) Power, might, long, to precipitate, se de turri. 2. force, solis, morbi, herbae. 2. In par- Trop., to hasten, hurry, urge on, precipitic., mental ability, capacity; also, po- tate something, consilia, mentem. II. litical power, influence, authority. Intr. (sc. se), to hasten or rush down, p6testas, atis, f. (id.) Power, might, fall headlong, descend swiftly, in fossam, ability, esp., legal power or authority. nox coelo. 2. In partic., political power, dominion, praecipue, adv. (praecipuus) Especial sovereignty; also, magisterial power, au- ly, chiefly, particularly. thority, magistracy; of things, power, praecipuus, a, um, adj. (praecipio; efficacy, virtue, property, herbarum, hence, prop., that is taken before otL.er plumbi. 3. Trop., power, ability, fac- things) Especial, particular, pec!die,', ulty, opportunity, p. aliquid faciendi. exclusive; hence, also, distinguiehitd, p6tior, Itus, 4. v. dep. intr. (potis) To excellent. become master of, to take possession of, prae-clarus a, um, adj. Verydclen or to get, gain, obtain, imperio, also, urbis. bright (so only poet.), lux. ". Dibtin2. To be master of, have possession of, guished, illustrious, splendid, snag/ifipossess, w. gen. or abl. cent, noble, glorious, urbs, homo, virtus. p6tis- e, adj. (comp. potior and sup. p6- prI.eco, Onis, m. A public c-esir or tiss1imus) Able; possible (usually only in herald. thl forms potis and pote, and connected praecordia, Orum, n. pl. (plac-cor) PRA 351 PRA The midriff, diaphragm. 2. Transf., rapio) To take or snatch away before the entrails, stomach; (poet.) the breast, another, to tear or snatch away. heart, as the seat of feeling, etc. praeruptusp a, urn, Pa. (prae-rumpo) praeda, ae, f. Booty, spoil taken in Broken or torn off in front; hence, of war; also, in gen., booty, spoil, plunder. places, steep, precipitous, abrupt. 2.. 2. Spoils of the chase, prey, game (poet. Trop., precipitate, hasty, juvenis; stern, and lat.). 3. Trop., profit, advantage. dominatio. prae-dico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To speak, prae-scius, a, um, adj. (scio) Fore. say, or mention beforehand, aliquid. 2. knowing, prescient. In partic., toforetell, predict; to appoint praesens, entis, adj. (prae-sum) Of beforehand, to fix, diem; to tell before- space and time, present, in person,; that hand what one should do, to advise, ad- is done immediately, instant, immediate, monish, charge, enjoin, command. prompt, ready; of character, recolulte, praedictum, i, n. (id.) A foretelling, prompt, animus; aiding, propitious, a prediction, prophecy. 2. An order, dens. command. prae-sentio, sensi, sensum, 4. v. tr. prae-eo Tivi or ii, Itum, 4. v. intr. and To feel or perceive beforehand, to have a tr. To go before, precede. 2. In partic., presentiment of, dolos. to precede in reciting a formula, to re- praesepe, is, n., and praesSpes or peat first, to dictate, verba; in gen., to praesepisp is, f., also, praesepia. prescribe, order, dictate (rar.); to recite, ae, f., and praesepiumm ii, n. (praeread, sing before one (rar.). sepio) Prop., any enclosure; hence, a prae-f~ro, tiili, latum, ferre, v. irr. tr. stall, stable, fold; a crib, manger; also, To bear or carry before, facem. 2. a hut, dwelling; poet. for a hive. Trop.,to set before, present, offer, lumen prae-sideo, sedi, sessum, 2. v. intr. menti; to place before in esteem, to (sedeo) To sit before; hence, 2. Trop., prefer; (rar.) to anticipate, diem; to to guard, defend, protect, urbi; to preshow, display, manifest, avaritiam. side over, superintend, direct, command, praeficiop feci, fectllm, 3. v. tr. (prae- i ludis; w. acc. (Tac.), exercitum. facio) To set over, place in authority praestans, antis, Pa. (praesto) Preover, legatos legionibus. eminent, superior, surpassing, excellent, prae-figo% xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To fix or distinguished. fasten before, tofix on the end of a thing, prae-stos stiti, Itum and atum, 1. v. alrma puppibus. 2. To prefix, tip, point, intr. and tr. Intr., to stand before or in jacula ferro. front; hence, trop., to stand out, be conpraelatus, a, um, part. of praefero. spicuous; hence, to surpass, excel, alicui prae-mbtuo, 3. v. tr. and intr. To aliqua re; impers. praestat, w. a subject fear beforehand. clause, it is better. II. Tr., to surpass, prae-mitto, mysi, missum, 3. v. tr. excel, ceteros virtute. 2. To cause to To send forward or before, send in ad- stand forth; hence, to exhibit, shozo, vance. manifest, prove, virtutem; w. se, to eliow praemium, ii, n. (prae and emo = ca- or prove one's self, se fortem; to (make, pere; what one takes before others) accomplish,fulfill, execute, ea, jus, fidem; Profit arising from booty; hence, also, I to maintain, preserve, pacem, promisbooty (both poet.). 2. In gen., profit, sum; to give, furnish. afford, milites, advalztage; in partic., reward, recom- voluptatem. 3. To become surety for, pense, dare alicui. be responsiblefor, aliquid. prae-natol1.v. intr. To swimbefore; prae-tendo, di, tum, 3. v. tr. To to swim or glide by, amnis. stretch forth, extend, tea. 2. To praepes, etis, adj. (prae-peto) (Poet.) stretch, spread, hold, or place before. VesSwift in flight, fleet, penna; freq. as tem oculis; of places, praetendi, to be subs., a bird; in partic., a prophetic stretched out before, to lie in front of, or bird from whose flight predictions were opposite, to border upon, praetenta Syrmade. tibus arva. 3. Trop., to hold out as an prae-pinguisy e, adj. Veryfat; trop., excuse, to pretend, allege, assert. w. vox, very or too thick. praeter, prep. and adv. (prae) Prep., w. praereptus, a, unm, part. of acc., past, by, beyond, castra. 2. Trop., praeripiop ripui, reptum, 3. v. tr. (prae- beyond, before. over; coltrary to; besides, PRA 352 PRI except; besides, in addition to. II. Adv. prehensus and prensus, a, um, part. (rar.), except, save. of prehendo. praeter=ea, adv. (is) Beyond this, prermo. pressi, pressum, 3. v. tr. To besides. 2. Poet., of time, hereafter, press. 2. In partic., to tread upon. anhenceforth. guem; to overwhelm, pelago arva; to praeter-eo Ivi or ii, itum, 4. v. tr. press hard upon, pursue closely, cursum and intr. To go or pass by, aliquem, apri, hostes; to cover, conceal, fronde flumenp. ripas. 2. Trop., to pass by an crinem; to bury, aliquid; to press.toevil, to escape, avoid, malum; to escape gether,' to close, oculos, os; to oppress, one (usually impers.), me non praeterit, burden, onere, mero; to press down, let etc.; to pass by, omit, not mention, ali- down, aliquid; to stsrike down, aliquem. quid; topass over, neglect, in gen.; to II. Trop., to press, oppres, burdclen, overpass by, excel, aliquem. II. Intr., to go whelm, aliquem odio, mentem; to reby, pass by, praeteriens dixit, tempus. press, hide, conceal, iram, dolorem; to repraeter-labor, psus, 3. v. dep. tr. and press, check, restrain, clamorem; to conintr. To glide or fiow by, aliquid; to trol, rule, imperio, servitio (poet.); to sail by or past, tellurem; trop., to slip disparage, undervalue, famam alicujus. caway, definitio. prendo, see prehendo. praeter-v6horp vectus, 3. v. dep. tr. prenso, see prehenso. andintr. Prop.,tobebornopast; hence, presso, 1. v. tr. (freq. of premo) (Poet.) to drive, ride or sail by, pass by (lit. and To press. trop.). pretiumn ii, n. Price, value, wortth of prae-texop xui, xtum, 3. v. tr. Prop., a thing. 2. The money paid for any to weave before; hence, to fringe, bor- thing; in gen., money; poet., reward, der, amictum, litora; to place before, pre- wages, victoribus. fix, nomen. 2. Trop., to weave over, prex, ecis, f. A prayer, entreaty, rei. e., to cover, cloak, conceal, culpam; to quest; in partic., to a deity; also, a allege as a pretext, to pretend, causam. curse, imprecation. prae-verto, ti, and prae-vertor, sus, 3. Priarmeius, a, um, adj. (Priamus) Of v. tr. To turn one's self before, go be- Priam, Priam's. fore; hence, to outrun, outstrip, ventos. Prianildes, ae, m. (IIpLatdErLs) A son 2. Trop., to turn to beforehand, be be- of Priam. forehand with, anticipate, prepossess, Priamus, i, m. (IIpiagoe) Priam, son preoccupy, rem, animos; to turn atten- of Laomedon, and king of Troy. tion to first or principally, to dofirst; to pridem, adv. (fr. obs. pris, whence prefix, aliquid. prior, primus, etc., and the demonstraprae-vldeo, vIdi, vIsum, 2. v. tr. To tive dem) Long ago, long since; jam see beforehand, foresee. pridem, long since, now for a long time. pratum, i, n. A meadow. primo, adv. (primus) At first, in the pravusp a, um, adj. Crooked, distorted, beginning. deformed. 2. Trop.,perverse, irregular, primum, adv. (id.) At first, in the first inproper, wrong, iniquitous, wicked, ma- place-followed by deinde, postea, etc.; licious. w. omnium, first of all. 2. With ut, prbcor, Rtus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. ubi, quum, etc., as soon as. (prex) To pray, beg, beseech for some- primus, a, um, adj. (sup. of prior) thing; to pray to, supplicate, implore, in- First, in space or time; freq., the first vokie, deos; to wish one (good or ill), part of, the beginning of, prima nocte. alicui aliquid. 2. Of space, the foremost, front, first. prlhendo, or prendo, di, sum, 3. v. 3. Of rank, value, station, etc., the tr. (prae and obs. hendo-kindr. w. first, foremost, chief, principal; in priXav8avw) To grasp, seize, lay hold of, mis, or imprimis, among the first, escatch; to arrest, to lay hold of, to detain pecially. one in order to speak to him. princeps, ipis, adj. (primus-capio) pr~henso, or (more freq.) prenso, avi, First in time or order; subs., the first. atum, 1. v. tr. (freq. of id.) To grasp, 2. In partic., the first, c/hief, mnost eniseize; in partic., to take hold of one in nent, leading, noblest; hence, subs., a order to talk with him, entreat him, chief, leader, head, author, conjurationis. etc.; hence, to sue, solicit for an office. 3. (Poet. and lat.) A prince, monarch. PRI 353 PRO princlpium, ii, n. (id.) A beginning, sult, alicui bene; to turn out favorably, commencement, origin. Adv., principio, succeed, prosper. or in principio, in the beginning, at first. procella, ae, f. (pro-cello, to throw 2'. Pi., principia, orum, elements, first down in front, throw or cast down) A principles, rerum; also, in milit. lang., prostrating wind, a blast, hurricane, thefront ranks; also, the head-quarters, storm, tempest. a large open space in a camp, where was procer, dris, m. (only the acc. occurs in the general's tent, and where assemblies the sing.) A chief, noble; usually in the of the soldiers were addressed. pl., proceres, um, the chiefs, nobles, leadprior; Gris, adj. comp. (fr. obs. pris, ing men, princes. whence sup. primus, and the adv. pri- pro-c~lrmon Rvi, atum, 1. v. tr. To cry dem) Of time or order, the former, pre- out, exclaim. vious, first, prior. Subs., Priores, um, Procris, is, f. (IIp6Kptg) Daughter of m. pl., forefathers, ancestors, the an- Erectheus, king of Athens, and wife of cients. 2. Trop., superior, more excel- Cephalus, king of Phocis, accidentally lent. killed by her husband when hunting. priscus$ a, um, adj. (obs. pris, see prior) procul, adv. (procello, to drive forwards) Old, ancient, antique, of former times, At a distance, afar off, afar, far; w. homines, mos. 2. Poet.,former; also, the abl., as prep., ab being omitted,far old-fashioned, strict, severe. from, urbe. pristinus, a, um, adj. (id.) Former, old, prScumbo, clbuli, cibitum, 3. v. intr. pristine, labor. 2. Just past, last, pre- (pro and cubo, to lie down) Tofallforceding, dies, nox. ward, fall or sink down, fall. 2. To Pristis, is, f. The name of a ship in the bend or lean forward, certamine summo fleet of Aeneas. (of rowers). prius; adv. (prior) Before, sooner (with- pro-curro, cicurri and curri, cursum, out quam), prius exire e vita, 2. Prius 3. v. intr. To run forth, rush forward, quam, or (more rar.) priusquam, before milites; of places, to run out, jut out, that, before, non prius fugere destiterunt project (poet. and lat.), terra in aequor. quam, etc.; sooner, rather, prius aliquid pr6-curvus, a, um, adj. (Poet.) Curved facere quam. in front, crooked, winding. proy prep. w. abl. Before, in front of, pr6cus, i, m. (proco, Are, to demand) A pro castris. 2. Transf., for, for the wooer, suitor. benefit of, in behalf of, in defence of, all- prodeo, ii, itum, ire, v. intr. (pro-eo) quo; for, in return for, on account of; To go or comeforth. 2. With reference for, instead of, in place of; in propor- to term. ad quem, to go forwards, adtion to, according to, viribus. vance, naves. 3. Trop., to come forth, pro or proh! interj. Of lamentation, appear, consuetudo; to go forward, ador wonder, 0! Ah! Alas! vance, annus. pro-avus, i, m. A great-grandfather. pr6d[giumX ii, n. (for prodicium, fr. 2. In gen., aforefather, ancestor. pro-dico) A prophetic sign, an omen, pr6bo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (probus, ap- portent, prodigy. proved, good) To try, test, inspect, prodltio, onis, f. (pro-do) A betraying, prove, opus. 2. As the result of in- betrayal, treachery; poet. for a charge spection, to esteem good, to approve; or accusation of treason, falsa. hence, also, to recommend. 3. To nzake prodi-tus, a, um, part. of credible, prove, demonstrate. prZ-do, didi, ditum, 3. v. tr. To give, Procas, ae, m. A king of Alba, and put or bringforth. 2. To pat forth in father of Numitor and Amulius. writing, to make known, publish; to diepr6-cax, acis, ad:j. (proco, are, to de- close, discover, crimen. 3. To give up, mand) Importunate in demanding; bold, deliver, transmit: to give up perfidiimpudent, insolent, wanton, shameless. ously, to betray. 4. Poet., to propagate, pr5-cedo, cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. To transmit, genus. go forth or come forth, de castris. 2. prD-duco, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To lead, To go forward, proceed, advance, move draw or bring forth, exercitum; to on. 3. Trop., of time, to advance, pass, bring forward, produce, aliquem; (rar.) dies; to advance, make progress, in phi- to bring forth, beget, liberos. 2. Trop., losophia, longius iras; to torn onit, re- I to advance to a higher position, aliquem PRO 354 PRO honore; to draw or drag out, prolong, Stretched out, jutting out, projectinzg, sermonem, vitam; to put off, diem, ali- saxa. 2. Trop., addicted to, immoderquem. ate in any thing; also, abject, base, proeliump ii, n. A battle, combat, mean, res. fight. pr6-jlcio; jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (jacio) pr6fain.usj a, um, adj. (pro and fanum, To throw or cast forth, forward or bea temple; hence, before or without the fore; hence, also, to fling away, throw consecrated place) Not sacred, ulnholy, down; w. se, to throw one's self, to'profane, locus, res; of persons, unini- rush; to drive out, expel, banish, alitiated, procul este profani. 2. Poet., im- quem. 2. Trop., to throw away, give pious, wicked, verba. 3. Poet., ill-bod- up, resign, renounce, spem, animas. ing (rar.). pr6-l1bor, lapsus, 3. v. dep. intr. To pr6iectusp a, um; part. of proficiscor. glide forward, serpens. 2. Tofallforpr6-fero9 tuli, latum, ferre, v. irreg. tr. cward, fall down, fall, ex equo. 3. To bear, carry or bring forth, arma ex Trop., to come to, fall into, in rabiem, ad'urbe; to carry forward, extend, ad- seditiones; to slip out, escape, verbum; vance, gradum, castra. 2. Trop., to to fall to decay, go to ruin, sink, impebring to light, make known, show, re- rium, res. veal, aliquid; to bring forward, cite, pr6lapsusp a, um, part. (id.J Fallen, mention, libros, aliquem nominatfm; to Pergama. ectend, imperium. prdles, is, f. (pro-oleo) Prop., that pr6ficiscor7 fectus, 3. v. intr. dep. which grows forth; hence, an offspring, (proficio, to go forward, fr. pro and child, descendant, and collect., descendfacio) Orig., to make or put one's self ants, posterity, progeny, race; prolem forward; hence, to set out, depart, ambiguam, the ambiguous lineage. march, go, Romam, in pugnam. 2. pr6-luo, lui, luitum, 3. v. tr. To wash Trop., to set out, commence, oratio; to out or away. 2. To wash, moisten, wet, conseefron, springfrom, a naturA. drench, manum rore. pr6-for, atus, 1. v. dep. tr. To speak or prlufiviesy ei, f. (id.) An overflow, insay out, to say, tell, speak. 2. To fore- undation; aflowingforth, discharge. tell, prophesy. pro-mnreo7 ui, itum, and prO-mereor, pr6fuigus) a, um, adj. (pro-fugio) Fu- itus, dep. 2. v. tr. and intr. To deserve, gitive, fleeing, milites; in partic., flee- merit, poenam, aliquid. 2. To earn, ing from one's native land, exiled, ban- gain, acquire, aliquid. 3. Intr. (mostly ished. Subs., profugus, i, m., afugitive, dep.), to deserve well of, de aliquo, also exile, waniderer. 2. Poet., roving, wan- in aliquem. dering, Scythae. promissum7 i, n. (promissus) A pr6fundus, a, um, adj. Deep, profound, promise. mare. Subs., profundum, i, n., depth; prbmnissus, a, um, part. of a depth, an abyss; in partic., the deep, pro-mitto, mIsi, missum, 3. v. tr. To the sea. 2. (= altus)' High, coelum. let go forward, to send or put forward, pr5g6nies, ei, f. (pro-gigno) Abs., de- to let grow, barbam, arbor se. 2. Trop., scent, lineage. 2. Concr., offspring, of speech, to put forthl or say beforeprogeny. hand, foretell, predict. 3. To promise pr6-gignop genui, genltum, 3. v. tr. (the common signif.). To beget, bear, produce. prbrno, mpsi, mptum, 3. v. tr. (pro and pr6gr6diory gressus, 3. v. dep. intr. emo = accipere) To take or bring out (gradior) To come or goforth, to gofor- or forth, to produce. 2. Trop., to bring ward, advance, proceed. 2. Trop., to or put forth, vires; in partic., to bring proceed, advance, in virtute. forth to light, disclose, express, relate. pr6-hilbeo, ui, itum, 2. v. tr. (habeo) omnia. Prop., to hold in front, i. e., to hold back, pr6-niba7 ae, f. (nubo, to marry) A restrain, ward off, avert, debar, hostem. bride-zoman, who attended to the ar2. To prevent, hinder, w. an infin., and ranIements of a wedding; also, an epiw. ut, ne, or quominus. 3. To forbid, thet of Juno, as the patron goddess of prohibit, aliquid. 4. To protect, defend, marriage, nuptial, pronubial. keep, cives calamitate. pronusp a, um, adj. (pro) Turned forprojectus7 a, um, Pa. (projicio) sward, bending or leaning forward, PRO 355 PRO prone; going or bending downward; Jar, characteristic; hence, fit, proper. in partic., of stars, setting, declining 3. Lasting, permnanent, constant, cer(poet.); of localities, turned or looking tain. toward, ad solem. 2. Trop., inclined, propter, adv. and prep. (for propiter, disposed or prone to any thing; in par- fr. prope) Adv., near, near by. II. Prep., tic., inclined to favor, favorable, alicui; wM. acc., near, close to, p. Siciliamu. *2. easy, omnia prona victoribus. To denote a cause, on account of, from, pr6pago7 inis, f. (pro and root pag, through (com. signif.), p. frigora, metum. kindr. w. pango, to fasten, set) A set, pr npugnacfilum, i, n. (pro-pugno) A layer, a slip, shoot of a plant. 2. (Poet.) bulwark, rampart, defence, fortificationz An offspring, child; collect., progeny, (lit. and trop.). children, race. proras ae, f. (irpo&pa) The prow of a pr6pe7 adv. and prep. (neut. of the adj. vessel. propis, e, obs. in posit.) Adv., of space, pro-ripio, pui, reptum, 3. v. tr. (rapio) near, nigh, p. esse; of time, near, at To snatch or drag forth, hominem; w. hand, p. est; nearly, almost, p. omnes. se (or poet., without se), to rush forth, II. Prep. w. acc., near, castra; of time, hasten away, rush, hasten, ex curia, in near, about, lucem. silvim. pr6p6req adv. (pr6Sprus, hasty) Hastily, pro-rumpo; rupi, ruptum, 3. v. tr. and speedily, in haste. intr. To cause to break or burst forth, pr6pero; avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. send forth, belch forth, Aetna p. nubem; (id.) Intr., to hasten, make haste, hur- w. se, to burst out or forth. 2. Intr., to ry. 2. Tr., to hasten, accelerate, iter, rush or burst out, per medios hostes. caedem. proruptus, a, um, part. and Pa. of id. pr6pinquo, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. Burst forth; hence, rushing, impetuous, (propinquus) Tr., to bring near; to has- mare; trop., unrestrained, audacia. ten, accelerate, augurium. 2. Intr., to pr6-sbquor; ceitus onqufitus, 3. v. dep. draw near, approach, fluvio. tr. To follow forth, to follow, accompr6pinquus; a, um, adj. (prope) Of pany, attend, aliquem. 2. In a hostile space, near, neighboring, insula. 2. Of sense, to pursue, follow after, hostem. time, near, reditus. 3. Of resemblance, 3. Trop., to follow, imitate; to follow similar, resembling, rei alicui. 4. Of re- or attend one with any thing, to treat, lationship, related, kindred; freq. subs., present with, aliquem benevolentia or propinquus, i. m., and propinqua, ae, f., laudibus, etc.; to follow, continue, proa relation, kinsman, kinswoman. ceed with a narration, rem; also (poet.), pr6pior, us, adj. comp. (prope) Nearer, abs., to proceed, in speaking, prosequitur portus; neut. pl. as subs., propiora, pavitans. places nearer or near. 2. Of time, la- Fr6serpina, ae, f. (Ilepacfvv1) Proserter, more recent, tempora. 3. Of rela- pine, daughter of Ceres and Jupiter and tionship, more nearly related. 4. Of wife of Pluto. resemblance, more like, vero. 5. Of prosllio; silui or silii, 4. v. intr. (pro and other relations, nmore nearly affecting or salio, to leap) To leap or spring forth. concerning, more inclined or adapted; prospectus; fis, m. (prospicio) A dismore intimate, etc. tant view, prospect, maris. 2. Sight, pr6pius, adv. (id.) Nearer, closer, more view, esse in prospectu. 3. Poet., sight, nearly. vision, aequora metior prospectu meo. pro-p no, pbsui, pbsitum, 3. v. tr. To prosper or prosperus, a, um, adj. place before the eyes, expose to view, dis- (pro and spes, according to hope) Faplay, vexillum. 2. Trop., to set before, vorable, prosperous, auspicious. propose, offer, praemia; to set before prosplcio, exi, ectumn, 3. v. intr. and mentally, to represent, imagine, propose, tr. (pro and specio, to look at) Intr.. to aliquelll ad imitandum, spem libertatis; look forth, look forward or into the (4d'isto propose to one's self, intend, design, tance. 2. To look to beforehand, proaliquid in animo; to set forth in words, vide for, alicui, ne, etc. II. To look to declare, report, say, rem gestam. forth at or upon, to see in the distance, pr.prius, a, urn, adj. One's own, ei prae- discern, descry, Italiam. 2. To fcresee, mia p. dedit; concerning an individual, aliquid futurum. 3. To look owt for,.personal, individual. 2. Special, pecul- provide beforehand, aliquid. 3. Of lo PRO 356 PUP calities, to look or lie towards, command rar.). 2. Tr., to make ashamed; chiefly a view of, domus p. agros. impers., pudet me (te, etc.), me pudet prd-sum, prOfui, prOdesse, v. irr. intr. criminis, Iam ashamed of, etc. To be useful or of use, to profit, avail, piidor, Oris, m. (id.) Shame, shyness, alicui, or abs. modesty; respect for, famae; decency, protectus7 a, um, part. of propriety, good manners. 2. A cause pr5-tUgo, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To cover of shame, disgrace, shame. in front, cover, protect, aliquem scuto. puella, ae, f. (puer) A girl, nmaiden; in 2. Trop., to cover, defend, protect, virum. partic. (poet.), a sweet-heart, mistress; pr5-tendo, di, sum or tum, 3. v. tr. To also, a daughter. 2. In gen. (poet. and stretch forth or out, to extend, brachia. lat.), a young woman, a young wife. pr5tinus, adv. (pro-tenus) Forward, on- puer, Mri, m. (Spartan rrd6p = 7racs) A ward, further on, pergere. 2. Of space child in gen., rar. in the sing., freq. in or time, right on, continuously, stninter- the pl., pueri, children. 2. In partic., a ruptedly, constantly. 3. Forthwith, im- mnale child, a boy (among the Romans mediately, instantly. until the seventeenth year); poet., a prs-traho, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To draw son; a servant boy, slave. or drag forth, aliquem. 2. Trop., to puirilis, e, adj. (id.) Of a boy or boys, briny to light, reveal, disclose, facinus; boyish, childish, youthful. 2. Childish. to lprolong, convivia in lucem. puerile, silly. prS-vihol xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To carry pugnap ae, f. (pugno) Prop., a fistforward, to conduct, convey; usually in fight; hence, in gen., a fight, battle, pass., provehor, to be moved forward, combat. i. e., to go, move, sail (navi), ride (equo), pugno7 Avi, atum, 1. v. intr. (root pug, etc. 2. Trop., to carry foreward, spes whence pugnus) To fight, to combat, p. illos; to carry away, transport, gau- contend, engage. 2. To contend, disdium p. me; also, in pass., to be carried agree, pugnant secum; to oppose, amori. away; also, to advance, promote, aliquem 3. To struggle, strive for something, ad honores. aliquid, also w. ut, ne, or infin. proxlmus, a, um, adj. (sup. of propior) pugnus7 i, m. Afist. Of space, nearest, next. 2. Of time, the pulcher, chra, chrum, adj. Beautiful, nearest preceding or following: the last, fair, handsome, virgo. 2. Trop., in a previous, or the next, following, nocte, moral sense, excellent, noble, illustrious, 3. Of order, succession, rank, etc., next; glorious, exemplum; lucky, dies. of resemblance, most like; of relation- pulso, avi, Mtum, 1. v. tr. (intens. of ship, the nearest, most nearly related; pello) To strike often, to beat, lash, subs., proximi, 0rum, nearest relatives. saxa; poet., to strike against, i.e., to prildentia, ae, f. (prudens, for provi- reach, sidera. 2. Trop., to urge on, imdens, fr. pro-video) A foreseeing (rar.), pel, move, agitate, disquiet. animum. futurorum. 2. Acquaintance with, skill pulsus, a, um, part. of pello. in, leg-um. 3. Good sense, discretion, pulsus, ius, m. (id.) A striking, pushprudence; sagacity, understanding, in- ing, beating, stamping, tramnpling, equotelligence. rum, remorum, pedum. pruina ae, f. A live coal. pulvrilentus, a, um, adj. (pulvis) piubens, entis, adj. (pubes, and puber, Full of dust, duest-covered, dusty. 6ris, of ripe age, adult) Full grownl; pulvis, Bris, m. Dust. 2. (=arena) A usually of plants, in feell vigor, juicy. place of contest, an arena; hence, trop., pilbes, is, f. (id.) The hair appearing on a field of action, field; also, toil, effort, the body at the age of puberty. 2. The palma sine pulvere. genital parts. 3. Coll., youth, young i pumex cis, m. A pumice-stone. 2. men; poet., in gen., men, people. Poet., a porous rock in gen. piibesco, but, 3. v. inch. intr. (id.) To puiniceus, a, um, adj. (Punicus) Punic, reach the age of puberty, grow up, be- Carthaginian. 2. Purple-colored, pur. come mature; in gen., to grow up, ripen. ple. 2. Poet., to become covered with, prata p. JPin[cus, a, um, adj. (Poeni) Punic, flore. Carthaginian. pimdeo, ui or pudltum est, 2. v. intr. and puppis, is, f. The stern of a ship; a tr. Intr., to be ashamed, pudeo (very puppi, astern; poet., a ship in gen. PUR 357 QUA purgo, avi, Atum, 1. v. tr. (contr. fr. fr. quatuor and jugum) A team of four purum-ago) To make clean or pure, to (usually horses), a four-horse team; cleanse or purify; in medic. lang., to hence, transf., a foutr-horse chariot, a purge. 2. Trop., to cleanse, purify, pec- chariot. tora; to excuse, exculpate, justify, ali- quadriipes, Mdis, adj. (quatuor-pes) quem; to acquit, aliquem alicujus rei; Four-footed, going on fourJfeet; usually in relig. lang., to make expiation for, subs., a four-footed animal, a quadexpiate, atone for, agros, populos, nefas; ruped. poet., w. se, to clear awzay, disappear, quaero7 sivi or sii, situm, 3. v. tr. To nubes. seek, search for, look for; in partic., to purpura, ae, f. (7ropovppa) The purple- seek to get, and, hence, to get, procure, fish; hence, 2. Purple color, purple. 3. earn, aliquid; to seek in vain for somePurple cloth, a purple garment. thing missing; hence, to miss; to seek, purpiireus, a, um, adj. (id.) Purple- endeavor, facere aliquid. 2. To seek to colored, purple; poet., dark-colored, learn, to ask, inquire, aliquid ab (ex, de) mare. 2. Clad in purple, tyranni aliquo; to inquire into judicially, to ex(poet.). 3. Poet., brilliant, bright, shin- amine, de morte alicujus. ing, glowing, beautiful, lumen. quaesitor, Oris, m. (id.) An iMivestigapurus7 a, um, adj. Clean, free frnom all tor, examiner; in judicial matters (esp. defilement, pure, clear, manus, aqua, criminal), a presidingjudge, inquisitor. lux; w. campus, open; w. hasta, with- quaeso, ivi or ii, 3. v. tr. (old form for out an iron head, headless. 2. Trop., quaero) To seek (ante-cl.). 2. To beg, pure, spotless, undefiled, animus; plain, beseech, entreat, pray. unadorned,' sermo; absolute, judicium. quilis, e, adj. (quis) Interr., of what pUto, avi, Stum, 1. v. tr. To clean, sort or kind. 2. Rel., with a corresp. cleanse (rar.); of trees, to prune, trim, talis expressed or implied, of such a sort lop. II. Trop., to clear up, set in order, or kind, such as, as; in quotations, as, arrange, adjust; to hold a reckoning, as for example. reckon together, adjust accounts, ratio- quamn adv. (qui) In questions, direct nem or rationes. 2. Transf., to reckon, and indirect, and in exclamations, in value, esteem a thing as any thing, ali- what manner, how, how much, quam quem nihilo; hence, to think, deem, sup- cupiunt laudari! II. In comparisons: pose, esteem, consider, hoc verum, ali- 1. With corresp. tam expressed or unquem fortem; to ponder, consider, re- derstood, as, as much as, as....as, tam flect upon, aliquid, multa. clemens quam rex; quam longa, as long Pygmalion, Onis, m. (IIvyaAtwov) Son as; quam multa, as mutch, or (plu.) as of Belus, king of Tyre, and brother of many as; quam primum, as soon as posDido. sible; quam maximum, as great as pospyra, ae, f. (rvpa) A funeral pile, pyre sible, or the greatest possible; w. corresp. (pure Latin, rogus). sic: quam.... sic, as.... so. 2. After Pyrgo, us, f. (lIvpy(o) The nurse of comparatives, and words involving comPriam's children. parison (alius, contra, aliter, etc.), than, Pyrrhusp i, m. (lvphpos) A son of major quam tu; prius or ante quam Achilles and Deidamia, grandson of Pe- (sometimes far separated), sooner than, leus, founder of a kingdom in Epirus, before that, before; post quam, after and slain by Orestes. He was also called that, when. Neoptolemus. quam-quam, conj. Although, a. fcitinas; to introduce a limitation,. corre - tion, or objection, and yet, howeve-, 0lthough, quamquam O! —sed superenlt, quai adv. (abl. fem. fr. qui) In which etc. place, where (sc. parte). 2. As far as, quamvis5 adv. and conj. (quane-volo) in so far as (mostly lat.). 3. In what Adv. (w. an adv. or adj.), as you eC.ll or way or manner, how (sc. ratione). 4. like, as much as you like, eve?-r o, mull(Rar.) Qua.... qua, partly.... partly, tos, subito; hence, also, exceedingly. 2. both.... and, qua feminae, qua viri. Conj., as much as ever you will, i.e.,.q. Interr., where? in what manner? i hoqwever much, although (w. subjunct., qu:adrigaep arum, f. (foi quadrijugae, rar. indic.), q. increpitent. QUA 358 QUI quandog adv. and conj. 1. Interr., not name, e. g., qui nunciat? what whien? 2. Rel., when, at what time. sort of a man? IL. Relat., who, which, 3. Indef., ever, at any time (w. si or ne). what, that. III. Indef., any one, any (v. 4. Causal conj., since, because. 2d quis). quantus, a, urnm, adj. (quam) lHow great, quida conj. (ace. pl. of quli, like quod, how much, how many. 2. Correlative acc. sing.) Because. with tantus, as great as, as much as, quia-nam, adv. Why? wherefore? such as, as. Adv., quantum, how much, qui-cumque, quaccumque, quodcumhow, q. mutatus; as much as, as far que, indetf. relat. pron. lWhoever, whoas. soever, whatever, whatsoever (both subqua-re, adv. (qui-res) By which means stantively and adjectively). 2. Indef., (rar.). II. On which account, wherefore any whatsoever, i. e., every possible, (interrog. and relat.). 2. To introduce every, quacumque ratione sanabo. consecutive principal sentences, for quies, etis, f. Rest, repose, quiet, senecwhich reason, wherefore, Quare agite. tutis, laborum; in partic., the rest of quartus, a, um, adj. (quatuor) The I sleep, sleep, repose; the rest of death. fourth. quiesco, evi, etum, 3. v. intr. (id.) To quasso, Rvi, Atum, 1. v. tr. and intr. rest, repose; in partic., of things, to 6e (intens. of quatio) To shake or toss vio- still, quiet, ventus, flamma; to keep lently, caput, hastam. 2. To shatter, quiet, be inactive or neutral. 2. To shiver, break in pieces, naves. 3. Trop., cease, leave off, desist from any thing; to ruin, destroy, rempublicam. 4. Intr., to suffer quietly, permit, aliquid fieri. to shake, shake itself. quiatus, a, um, adj. (part. of id.) Qeict, quater, num. adv. (quatuor) Fouar at rest, calm; of the mind, calm, peacetimes. ful, free from ambition; neutral, taking quatio, -, quassum, 3. v. tr. To shake. no part in war; of things. calnm, quiet, 2. In partic., to shake in pieces, to shat- gentle, amnis, a6r, sedes. ter, muros. 3. Trop., to agitate, excite, quin,; conji. (qui and ne = non; strictly, mo'e, affect, mentem; to vex, harass, on account of which [or what] not) I. oppida bello. 4. (Ante-cl. andlat.) To From the relat. qui, that not, but that. drive, aliquem foras. II. From the interr. qui, why not.; to quatuor, num. adj. indecl. Four. introduce what is still more worthy of qu6e conj. Indicating a close connection, remark, or what is added to strengthen and always affixed to the word to which or amplify, nay, nay even, moreover, it belongs, And. Often repeated, or indeed. with et corresponding, both....and, as quini, ae, a, distr. num. adj. (quinque) well.... as. Five each; in gen., five. queo, lvi or ii, itum, 4. v. intr. To be quinquaginta, num. adj. indecl. Fifty. able (= possum), I (thou, he, etc.), can, quippe, adv. and conj. (quia-pe) Surely, could. certainly, of course, indeed; often in an quercusiis, f. Anoak,oak-tree; poet., ironical sense, indeed, forsooth, vetor any thing made of oak, e. g., a garland fatis! 2. Causal conj., since, inasmuch of oak-leaves., as, q. timet. qu6rla, ae, f. (queror) A complaining, Qulrinus, i, m. (kindr. nv. Quiris, Quircomplaint; hence, a plaintive sound or ites, from Cures; or, according to others, note of an animal or instrument. fr. the Sabine word curls, a spear; hence, qubror, questus, 3. v. dep. tr. and intr. a spearman, warrior, defender) A name To cornplain, bewail, lament, injuriam or of Romulus after his deification. de injuria. 2. Poet., to utter a plain- quis, quae, quid, interr. pron. (corresp. tive sound or note, to complain (of an w. Greek Ti-) Subs., who? uwhuat? quis animal or instrument). id fecit?; in partic., quid, with a gen., questus, as, rm. (id.) A complaint, what? i. e., how much? hovw mnay? lamentatiqn. quid argenti? quid hominun? Adv., qui, quae, quod, pron. I. Interr. 1. quid, why? how? quid ludis? II. Adj., Mostly adjectively, while quis is used what? what sort of? quid mulieris? substantively, which, what, what sort of I quid est tibi nomen? a, qui color? qui actor? 2. Substan- quis, quid, indef. pron. (= aliquis) Any tively (rar.), of rank or character, and one, any thinfg, (.?y (en. after si, ne, QUI 359 RAP niei, num, quum). Transf. to qui, quae, quo-usque, adv. Of place, how far? quod, q. v. (also trop). 2. Of time, until when:' quis-nam and qui-nam, quaenam, how long? quidnam or quodnam, interr. pron. (a quum, or cum, conj. and adv. (qui) strengthened form of quis) Who, pray?. Of time, when, while. 2. Quum.... what, pray? 2. Indef. (only w. the tum, while....so also, both.... and. 3. interr. num), any body, any thing. As a causal particle, w. subjunct., since, quis-quamn, quaequam, quidquam or as; whilst, although. quicquam, indef. pron. Any one, any thing, any. quis- que, quaeque, quodque, and Z. subs., quidque or quicque, indef. pron. Wioweer it be, each, every one, every rabidusp a, um, adj. (rabies) Raving, thing. furious,frenzied, rabid. quis-quis, quaequae, quidquid and rabies tei, f. (rabo, to rage) Rage, madquicquid, indef. relat. pron. Whoever, ness, of dogs, etc.; of men, madness, swhosoever, whatever, whatsoever. frenzy. 3. Trop., of any violent emoqu6o interr. and rel. adv. (qui) Where, tion, rage, fury. whither, in what or to wshat place; trop., radius; ii, m. A staff, rod; in partic., howfar; also,for what purpose, where- the spoke of a wheel; the radius of a fore. 2. In order that, so that, that, circle; a rod used by mathematicians quo averteret. for measuring, or draiwing figures in the quo-circa, conj. For which reason, sand. 2. Transf., a beam or ray of uherefore. light. quo-cumquepadv. Towhateverplace, radix, Icis, f. The root of a plant. 2. swhithersoever. Meton., the lower part of an object, the quad, conj. (ace. neut. resp. of qui) root,foot, linguae, montis. 3. Trop., a That, in that, because, propter hanc cau- root, basis, origin. sam, quod, etc. 2. As respects that, as rado, si, sum, 3. v. tr. To scrape, to what, quod scribis te ad me venturum scratch, shave; hence, to rub, smooth, esse, ego, etc. 3. But, though, even, polish, caput, barbam, lapides. 2. Poet., etc. (w. si, quum, quoniam, etc.); poet., to touch in passing, to graze, skim along, therefore, quod te oro. 4. That, after cautes. 3. Trop., to grate upon, offend, verbs of perceiving and declaring, in- aures. stead of the acc. w. infin., esp. after a ramus, i, m. (kindr. w. radix) A branch, preceding illud. bough. quo=m6do, adv. Interr., in what man- rapidus7 a, um, adj. (rapio) Tearing -ner? how? 2. Relat., in wzhat manner, along, swift, rapid, quick. 2. Trop., in the same manner, as. fierce, consuming, ignis. qu6-nam, interr. adv. Whither, pray? rapio, pui, ptum, 3. v. tr. (kindr. w. quondamn adv. (quum-dam) Of past aprSiw) To seize and carry off, to snatch time, at one time, once,formerly. 2. Of or tear away, to snatch, seize, take, hurry. time in gen. (rar.), sometimes, at times. 2. In partic., to carry off forcibly, to 3. Of the future (poet.), at a future seize, rob, steal, ravish, praedas, virgines, time, some time, one day, ever. Pergama. 3. To carry off, snatch away qu6niam, conj. (quum-jam) Since now, by death. 4. Trop., to hurry away, in since, because. errorem; to carry away with passion. quoque, conj. Also, too (always after to transport; to ravish, forma; poet., to the emphatic word). snatch, steal, voluptatem, spem; poet., qu6t adj. pl. indecl. Interr., how many? to hasten through or over, traverse quick2. Relat., as many as, as many, as; in ly, viam, iter, silvas. specifications of time, all, each, every, rapto, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (freq. of id.) quot diebus, every day,-hence, (Mostly poet.) To seize and carry off, qu6tannis, adv. (quot-annus) Annu- drag away, drag along, hurry awvay, ally. Hector bigis; to plunder, racage, Afriqu6ties, adv. (quot) Interr., how oft- cam. 2. Trop., to hatrry along with en? how many times? 2. Relat., as passion, agitate. often as. raptory Oris, m. (rapio) A robber, plun RAP 360 REC derer (poet. and lat.); adj., w. lupi, 2. Trop., to go over.- thought, conravenous. sider, exanmine; to go over in speech, to raptus, a, um, part. of rapio. recount, rehearse, facta. raresco7 3. v. intr. inch. (rarus) To r6ceptus, a, unm, part. of recipio. grow thin, become rare, separate, nubila; r6cidivusp a, um, adj. (recldo, to fall claustra Pelori, to begin to open, grow back, fr. re and cado) (Poet. and lat.) wider. Falling back (only trop.); hence, returnrarusy a, um, adj. Having wide inter- ing, mala; poet., w. Pergama, restored9 vals or open spaces, thin, loose, silva, rising to its former position. retia. ". Of things standing apart, r6cinctusp a, um, part. of scattered, far apart, here and there, ar- r6-cingop nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. (Poet.) bores, nautes. 3. Few in number, or To ungird, unloose, zonam. occurring rarely, rare; hence, rare in its r6-clpiop cepi, ceptum, 3. v. tr. (capio) kind, excellent, extraordinary, rare. To take back, bring back; in partic., w. ratio7 onis, f. (reor) A reckoning, cal- se, to betake one's self back, withdraw, culation, account (lit. and trop.). 2. retreat; to get back, regain, recorer, res Relation, reference, respect, agricolae amissas, (trop.) animum. 2. To take to habent rationem cum terra. 3. An af- one's self, to receive, admit (w. ad, in w. fair, matter, transaction, business, ra- acc., in w. abl., w. abl. or acc. alone), tiones civitatis; meae (tuae, etc.) ratio- aliquem, urbem in deditionem; trop., nes, my (thy, etc.) interest, advantage. to admit, permit, allow, res non r. 4. A mode, manner, way; conduct, pro- cunctationem; to take upon one's self, cedure; nature, sort, kind, fashioin: qua undertake, causam; to assume an obliratione confieri possit. 5. The reason- gation, to pledge one's self, promise, eningfaculty, reason, judgment; a reason, gage, aliquid alicui, recipio me illud esse ground, mnotive, aliquid faciendi; a proof, facturum. argusient; argumentation, reasoning; a reclUido, si, sum, 3. v. tr. (re-claudo) theory, doctrine, system; knowledge, and To open again, unclose what had been in partic., theoretical knowledge; an closed, disclose, reveal, fores, thesauros; opinion, view. w. ensem, to unsheath. 2. Trop., to let r~tisp is, f. A raft (of logs fastened to- loose, iram; to disclose, operta. gether), a float; hence (poet.), a boat, rclhisusp a, urn, part. of id. vessel, ship, in gen. r6-c6lop cblui, cultum, 3. v. tr. To culratus, a, um, part. of reor. tivate or till again, terram. 2. Trop., raucus7 a, um, adj. Hoarse, raucus to practice again, resume, renew, studia factus sum clamando. 2. (Poet.) Of in- antiqua; to exercise again, ingenium; to animate things, hoarse-sounding, harsh, reconsider, think over, reflect upon, conrough, deep sounding, aes (i. e., tuba), template, aliquid secum. saxa. r6-condo% didi, ditum, 3. v. tr. To rep an inseparable particle, denoting put back again, gladium in vaginam. back; again; against; the opposite of Hence, 2. To lay up, stow away, hoard; the meaning of the simple verb. hence, to hide, conceal, aliquem or alirebellis, e, adj. (re-bello) Waging war quid. again against a conqueror, rebellious, in- r6cordor7 atus, 1. v. dep. tr. and intr. surgent. (re and cor) To recall to mind, to recolre-cedoy cessi, cessum, 3. v. intr. To lect, remember. 2. (Poet. and lat. and go back, retire, withdraw, recede; of rar.) To think of, reflect upon, ponder places, to stand back, recede, domus. 2. something future. In gen., to go away, depart, withdraw. rectorp Oris, m. (rego) A guider, leader, 3. Trop., to deviate or turn from, ab director; w. navis, a helmsman or pilot. officio; to retirefrom, give up, ab armis; rectus, a, urm, Pa. (id.) Led or drawn to vanish, flee, vita. straight along, straight, direct (horizonr~censp ntis, adj. Fresh, recent, new. tal or vertical); wv. saxa, perpendicular. 2. Fresh in strength, vigorqus, unex- 2. Trop., of the mind, right,, correct, hausted. proper; straightforward, simple, oratio; r6-censeop sui, sum or situm, 2. v. tr. morally right, just, good; subs., in (censeo, to estimate) To examine close- neut., rectum, i, n., the right, what is ly, review, survey, enumerate, legiones. right, rectitude, virtue. REC 361 REG r6-cfibo, 1. v. intr. (cubo, to lie down) prisonment, exile, etc.), come back, reTo lie upon the back, to lie back, recline.! turned. r6curso, 1. v. intr. (intens. of re-curro) rffello, felli, 3. v. tr. (re-fallc) To prove To run back-, hasten back; trop., to re- false, disprove, refute. turn, recur, cura. I rp-fro, tuli, latum, ferrc, v. irreg. ir. recursusp fis, m. (id.) A running back, To bear, bring or carry back; w. sc, a return, retreat. to betake one's self back, go back, scr6cuso, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (re-causa) To turn; w. pedem or gradurm, to retreatf: refuse, decline, reject; to object to, to be to give back, return, repay, restore any unwilling, reluctant to do any thing. thing, argentum. II. Trop., to brsiny recutio, cussi, cussum, 3. v. tr. (re- back, restore, renew, morem; to bring quatio) (Poet.) To strike back, cause back any thing in its nature, to repreto rebound. sent, imitate, resemble, aliquem ore; to wedditusp a, um, part. of pay back, repay, return, requite, gratiam. red-dop didi, ditum, 3. v. tr. To give vicem; referre in melius, to bring into a back, return, restore; to give up, deliver better state, change for the better. 2. up; to give back in words, to answer, To bring back a report, to report, relate, reply, talia; to give back a thing in its pugnam; to give back in reply, to aonnature or qualities, to represent, imitate, swer, reply, pauca; to utter, say, talia; aliquem.'2. To give, render, grant, in to bring or deliver any thing as an official gen., rationem, causam, honorem alicui. report, mandata; also, to make a motion 3. To cause a thing to be something, to in the Senate, to lay before, refer to the make, render, aliquem insignem. Senate, rem ad senatum; in business rgd-eop ii, itum, 4. v. intr. To go or lang., to enter, inscribe, register, nomen come back, to return. 2. To come to, be in tabulas. 3. To refer, ascribe, trace reduced to, ad duas legiones; to reach, back, aliquid ad aliquid. arrive at, res in eum locum; of places, to r6-f igo xi, xum, 3. v. tr. To unfix, unslope, extend, Germania in septentri- fasten, 7oose; to take down, pull down, onem, collis ad planitiem. tabulas, clipeum. 2. Trop., to take rdlImiop ii, Itum, 4. v. tr. To bind down the tables of the laws suspended around, encircle, crown. in public, i. e., to annul, abolish. rdlimitusp a, um, part. of id. r6-flectop xi, xum, 3. v. tr. and intr. rbdimop 6mi, emptum, 3. v. tr. (re and To bend or turn back, caput, gressum. emo, to buy) To buy back, repurchase; 2. Trop., to turn back, change, animum, in partic., to ransom, redeem, captivos; mentes. in gen., to buy off, rescue, release, fra- re-fringo, fregi, fractum, 3. v. tr. tremPollux. 2. Signif. of verbpredom., (frango) To break up, break open, porto buy, purchase; in partic., to under- tas. 2. In gen., to break, break in take by contract, opas; trop., topurchase, pieces, mucronem; w. ramum, to break gain, obtain, gratiam; also, to buy off, off. 3. Trop., to destroy. i. e., avert, pericula; to pay for, atone r-~fiigiop figi, 3. v. intr. and tr. To flee for, culpam. back, escape, ex castris in montem; of rgditus, fus, m. (redeo) A returning, places, to recede, templum ab litore. M2. return. 2. An income, revenue, return. Tr., to flee back from, to avoid, shun, rid-6Ieo, ui, 2. v. intr. and tr. (oleo, to auguem, (trop) vitia. emit a smell) To emit an odor (re is r6-fulgeop si, 2. v. intr. (Mostly poet.) simply intens.), to smell, thymo. 2. Tr., To flash back, reflect a bright light. 2. to smell of, be redolent af, thymum; trop., In gen., to shine bright, shinze refulgent, to savor of, antiquitatem. glitter, glisten. r6-diico, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To lead or r6-fundop f-di, fIsum, 3. v. tr. To bring back, to withdraw. pour back; to pour out, cause to overrbductus, a, um, Pa. (id.) Of places, flow; of things not liquid, to give or drawn back, remote, retired, distant, throw back. deep, secluded, vallis. r6fuisus7 a, um, part. (id.) Poured back,; rcdux, ficis, adj. (id.) That leads back thrown up, upturned, stagna; poured out, (poet. and rar.). 2. More freq. pass., overflowing, Acheron. that is brought back (fr. slavery, im- regalis, e, adj. (rex) Pertaining to a REG 362 REM king, kingly, royal, regal; transf., splen- templorum, deorum. 4. A religious act did, snagnificent, regal.' or customn; and, collectively, religious afregifficus a, urnm, adj. (rex-facio) (Poet.) fairs, religious rites, worship, religion; Kainglyg, regal, magnitcent. concr., an object of religious reverence, a regia, neae, f. (rex) A queen. 2. A sacredplace or thing. daughter of a king, a princess. 3. religiS6us, a, um, adj. (id.) Reverencing (Poet.) A goddess; a lady of rank. the gods, devout, pious, religious. 2. (Rerigio Oilis, f. (rego) A direction, line. ligio No. 2.) Religiously scrupulous, care2. A boundary-line, boundary, limit. 3. ful, considerate; out of religious matA quarter, region, territory. ters, strict, accurate, conscientious. 3. regius, a, um, adj. (rex) Of a king, Set apart for religion, holy, sacred, loca, royal, regal. 2. Trop., befitting a king, dies. regal, magnificent, moles. r6-linquo, lIqui, lictum, 3. v. tr. To regniator7 6ris, m. (regno) A ruler, leave behind, leave; to leave, let remain; sovereign. to resign, give up, surrender, urbem. 2. regnop avi, atum, 1. v. intr. and tr. (reg-'o desert, abandon, neglect, forsake, renum) To have royal power, to be a king, linquish, lit. and trop. to reign; in gen., to rule, command; r6llquiae Arum, f. pl. (id.) The leavtrop., to rule, prevail, oratio. 2. Tr. ings, remains, relics, remainder, rent(poet. and lat.), to rule over, govern, nant; w. Danaum, the remnant that esterras. caped from the Greeks. regnumr i, n. (rex) Kingly government, ri-lficeo, xi, 2. v. intr. To shine back royal authority, royalty; in gen., domin- or out, to blaze. ion, sovereignty, rule, reign; often in a remensus, a, um, part. of remetior. bad sense in republican Rome, despot- r6-meo; avi, 1. v. intr. (meo, to go) To isnm, tyranny. 2. Meton., a kingdom, go or comne back, return. realm, sovereignty. r6-mftior7 mensus, 4. v. dep. tr. (merego, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To keep or lead tior, to measure) To measure again or straight; to direct, guide, lead, tela, na- back; hence, to observe again, consider vem. 2. Tech. term, w. fines, to draw, again, astra, sua dicta; to traverse again, mark out. 3. To rule, control, govern, repass, retrace, iter. Part. remensus, a, sway, direct, rempublicam, animum. um, in pass. signif., traversed again. rejlcio; jeci, jectum, 3. v. tr. (re-jacio) remexy Igis, m. (remus-ago) A rower, To throw back, telum in hostes, amic- oarsman. 2. Collect. in sing., a band tumrn ex humeris; to drive or chase back, of rowers (poet.). hostes. II. Trop., to cast off, repel, re- rmligium, ii, n. (id.) A rowing, a ject, minas; to reject contemptuously, rowing motion. 2. That with which to scorn, disdain, dona. 2. To refer, the rowing is performed, the oars. 3. remand, rem ad senatum; of time, to Those who perform the rowing, the oarspostpone. men. ridtus) a, um, part. of refero. r6-mitto, misi, missum, 3. v. tr. and r6-l6goq legi, lectum, 3. v. tr. To gather intr. To send back, dispatch back, alior collect again, filum (poet.). 2. (Poet. quem Romam; to send forth, give out, and lat.) Of places, to travel over again, emit, yield, lac. 2. To let go back, loosen, sail over again, coast along again, vias, slacken, arcum, vincula. 3. Trop., to send litora. 3. To go over again in reading, back, return, beneficium; to relax, respeech, or thought; hence, to consider fresh, animum; to abate, diminish, dilicarefully. gentiam; to give up, resign, yield, alicui rilictus2 a, um, part. of relinquo. aliquid. religio, onis, f. (prob. fr. r6-d1go) A r6-mordeo mordi, morsum, 2. v. tr. careful consideration; hence, 1. Rev- (mordeo, to rite) (Poet.) To bite again; erence for the gods, religious veneration, trop., to vex, disturb, worry, torment. piety. 2. Transf., subjectively, consciz- r;rs6mtus; a, um, part. of tiouesess, religious scruple, conscientious r6-m6veo% mOvi, mltum. 2. v. tr. To scruple; in gen., scrupulousness, exact- move back; to take or puzt away, withness, conscientiousness in other than reli- draw, remove. gious matters. 3. Objectively, the sa- r6-miugiog 4. v. intr. (Poet.) To bellow credness, sanctity in any religious object, back; to resound, reecho, vox, mons. REM 363 RES remusp i, m. (~pe-nrs) An oar. place or put back, replace, restore, all. Remus, i, m. The brother of aom- quid. lit. and trop. To lay by, lay aside, ulus. lay or store up, preserve, aliquid; to put r-.narro 1. v. tr. (Poet.) To tell over in the place of, substitute one thing fcr again. another; to lay aside, lay down, cestus r6-nascory natus, 3. v. dep. intr. To artemque; the signif. of the prep., disbe born again; hence, to grow or spring appearing, to lay, place, put in gen., up again, be renewed, fibrae, beii.. ligna super foco, spem. rin.tus, a, um, part. of id. r6-porto, avi, atum, 1. v. tr. To bear, r6-n6vo, avi, fatum, 1. v. tr. To renew, carry or bring back. 2. In partic., to restore, templum. 2. Trop., to renew, briny back word, to report, dicta; to dolorem; to revive, refresh, animum. bring back as a victor, to bear auay, reor, ratus, 2. v. dep. tr. (kindr. w. res) get, obtain, praedam or laudem es hosOrig., to reckon, calculate; hence, as a tibus. result, to think, believe, suppose. re-posco7 3. v. tr. To demand back, r6-pelloj ripuli, rEpulsum, 3. v. tr. To aliquem. 2. To ask for, demand, redrive or thzrust back, repel, manum, te- quire, exact, natos ad poenas, rationem. lum, hostes. 2. Trop., to repulse, repel, r6p6situs (and contr., repostus), a, um, reject, ref use, repelli ab hac spe, nostra part. and Pa. (repono) Laid or stored connubia. I p; burisd; poet.. placed or situated r6-pendo, ndi, nsum, 3. v. tr. To weigh away, remote, distant, terrae. back (poet. and rar.). 2. To weigh in re- riprlmoy pressi, pressum, 3. v. tr. (return, pay by the same weight, aurum pro premo) To press or keep back; in gen., aliqua re; also, to pay for or purchase to check, restrain, repress, pedem, amsomething by its weight in money, caput nem, fugam. auro; hence (poet), to ransom, aliquem. ripulsus, a, um, part. of repello. 3. Trop. (poet. and lat.), to pay back, r6-quies, etis (or el), f. Rest, repose repay, requite, return, gratiam, benefi- after laboring, suffering, etc., respite, recium; fatis contraria fata, to balance, off- laxation, laborum. set; to pay for, peurchase, incolumitatem r6-quiescoq cvi, 9tum, 3. v. intr. Tl turpitudine. rest, repose; trop., to find rest or consorgpente7 adv. (repens, entis, sudden) lation, in spe alicujus; tr. (poet.), to let Suddenly. rest. to stay, stop, cursus. rbpirio, reperi, ripertum, 4. v. tr. (re- r6-quiro; sivi or sii, situm, 3. v. tr. pario) To procure again, find again. 2. (quaero) To seek again; in gen., to look In gen., to find, meet with, find out, dis- or search for, to seek, aliquid. 2. To cover, perceive, rem, aliquem fidelem. 3. seek to know, to ask or inquire after, to To invent, devise, discover, aliquid. ask, causas; to inquire after, amissos rEpertus, a, um, part. of id. socios. 3. To ask for something needr6-p;toj Ivi or ii, itum, 3. v. tr. To ed; to need, want, require, aliquid; also, fall upon or attack again, aliquem. 2. to look in vain for, to miss, libertatem. To seek again, return to, revisit, urbem. res7 el, f. A thing (in the widest sense 3.'o go back and bring, to fetch or of the word). 2. In partic., a matter, bring back, aliquid; repetere aliquid affair, event, circumstance; cause, rea(memoria), to recall to mind, recollect; son, ob eam rem; benefit, interest, adto retrace, recommence, repeat, renew, vantage; a law-suit, case; res publica, annales, studia, omina; to say again, or respublica, or res alone, the common repeat, verba; to go back to, seek for, weal, a state, commonwealth; in plur., derive, origines, aliquid a fonte; to de- w. secundae, prosperity; also, w. admand back, claim, obsides; w. res, to versae (or alone), adversity, hardships, demand from the enemy things taken as misfortunes; reality, fact, truth, opp. to booty; hence, to demand satisfaction. appearance, etc.; res gestae, exploite. r6-pleo, evi, Itum, 2. v. tr. (obs. pleo, This word admits of a very wide interto fill) Tfill again, crater. 2. In gen., pretation. To fill up, fill. r6-scindo, scidi, scissum, 3. v. tr. To ripletusj a, um, Pa. (id.) Filled, hence, tear open again, vulnus. 2. In gen., to full. tear open, tear up, rend, vestes; to tear r6-pono; pbsui, pbsitum, 3. v. tr. To down, break down, destroy, tecta, coo RES 364 RET lum. 3. Trop., to abolish, abrogate, an- Catilinae; of places, to lie opposite, Gno.nul, acta, testamenta. ia tellus. r6-ser-vo, alvi, btum, 1. v. tr. To keep responsum, i, n. (part. of id.) A reback-, reserve (as for future use). 2. ply, answer, response. (Rar.) To save from perishing, to pre- re-stinguo% nxi, nctum, 3. v. tr. (stinserve, aliquem. guo, to quench) To quench, extingytish, rFses, idis, adj. (resideo) That remains ignem; transf., to quench, slake, allay, sittily or stays behind; hence, motion- sitim. 2. Trop., to moderate, appeasce, less, inactive, dor-mant, sluggish, idle, ardorern, mentes; to suppress, extinaq, ani, guish, extispale, destoy, seiisus, odiulm. resldeo, sedi, sessum, 2. v. intr. (re- re-stituo7 ui, ftum, 3. v. tr. (statuo) sedcleo) To remain sitting. 2. To re- To put or set up again, to restore, remain behind, to remain, linger, abide. place, statuam. 2. To give back, rere -::no, s;.-di, sessum, 3. v. intr. To sit turn, restore, bona. 3. To restore to a dcoirn, settle, homo, avis; in partic., to former condition, re-establish, reinstate, setlle il a place; oi things, to settle down, muros, rempublicam, pugnam, aliquem; sink, sunbside, mare, mons. 2. Trop., to hence, to reverse a sentence, to make settle down, subside, abate, ira. void; of any act of injustice, to make r6-signo aBvi, atum, 1. v. tr. To un- good, repair. seal, open, literas, lumina. 2. Trop., re-sto, stiti, 1. v. intr. To stand, stay to cancel, invalidate, tabularum fidem;I or keep back, stay behind (rar.). 2. To poet., to give back, resign, aliquid all- be left, remain over, remain, dona recui. stantia. 3. To withstand, oppose, resist r6-sisto, stiti, stitum, 3. v. intr. To (abs., or w. dat.), fortiter, hostibus. remain standing, to stand still, stop, re- r6sulto, -, atum, 1. v. intr. (freq. of main, pause. 2. To swithlstand, resist, re-silio, to leap back, fr. salio, to leap) oppoose, alicli. (Poet. and lat.) To spriZng back, rebound, r6-solvoy solvi, sblfitum, 3. v. tr. To tela, unda. 2. To re-echo, reverberate, untie or snloose, to loosen, unbind, free, resound (of both sounds and places), open, separate, vittas; to relax, terga. colles, imago vocis. 2. Trop., to separate, unravel, ambigui- re-sfipinus, a, um, adj. Bent back, Iytatem, dolos; to disclose, show; to re- ing ona one's back, supine. 2. Trop., lax, soften, disciplinam; to absolve, re- lazy, idle, effeminate, voluptas. lease, aliquem; to annul, cancel, disre- re-surgo% surrexi, surrectum, 3. v. intr. gard, jura. To rise again, appear again (lit. and x —s6no, avi, 1. v. intr. and tr. To re- trop.). sound, ring again, re-echo, saxa. 2. Tr. r~tev is, n. A net, for fishing or hunting (poet.), to give back the sound of, to re- -v. plaga. echo, repeat, aliquid; to make resound, r6-tego, xi, ctum, 3. v. tr. To uncover, lucos cantu. bare, caput, ensem. 2. Trop., to disre-specto, 1. v. intr. and tr. (freq. of re- close, reveal, scelus. spicio) To look back often, look around; rgtentog avi, atum, 1. v. tr. (freq. of tr. (lat.), to look at, aliquem. 2. Trop., retineo) To hold or keep back, retard, to care for, regard, pios; to expect, look restrain. for, munus. rbtInacfilum, i, n. (retineo) That re.2spl