3IR A D iF '826 A23 -893 - | ATTENTION PATRON: This volume is too fragile for any future repair. Please handle with great care. RV, 7 3A 11 Nw> A I o O INf Ze Gf~lv GENERAL VIEW OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY TN THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN. PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE, JAPAN. PRINTED BY N. ONUKI, TOKYO. 1893. PREFACE. The Empire of Japan, appreciating this grand opportunity of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held next year in Chicago, United States of America, places before the world her industry and agriculture. *To endeavor to give, in the work of this kind, the full insight into the actual condition of the commerce and industry of this country, would be too voluminous and far less convenient. This little volume, however insignificant, is intended to furnish the brief outlines, entitled "General View of Commerce and Industry in the Empire of Japan." Any advantage derived from this narrow scope will be of no small credit to the effort of the Department. The Bureau of Commerce and Industry, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Japan, DECEMBER, 1892, CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. General Observations. Geographical Position-Boundaries-General Features & Divisions-Area & Population-Mountain ChainsRivers-Harbours-Cities-Climate-Railway-PostTelegraph - Maritime Communications - Coinage - Weights & Measures-Industry-Commerce.... 1-69 CHAPTER II. Foreign Trade. 1. Foreign Trade before the Ansei Period-2. Foreign 'Trade after the Ansei Period..........,.....70-104 CHAPTER III. Commodities Exported from & Imported to. 1. Principal Commodities Exported from (divided into 22 classes & with the Directory of the Exporters & Manufacturers of each class)-2. Principal Commodities Imported to (divided into 12 classes & with the Directory of the Importers of each class)......105-332 CHAPTER IV. Customz House, Minister & Consul..........333-392 CHAPTER V. Japanese and mnerican Trade...................393-435 II CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. Chambers of Commerce..................... 436-439 CHAPTER VII. Commercial & Industrial Unions & Associations.....$40-449 CHAPTER VIIL Exchanges................................450-456 CHAPTER IX. Banks................................ 457-466 CHAPTER X. Joint-Stock Companies, 'Manufactories & Workshops...467-476 CHAPTER XI. Commercial & Industrial Schools, Training Schools & Newspapers & Magazines.7................77-485 CHAPTER XII. Mercantile and Industrial Miuseumns..............486-488 Index......... 4.....................489-492.................... COMMERCE & INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CHAPTER I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Geogra- The Empire of Japan occupies its position phical Position. in the North Pacific to the east of the Asiatic Continent. It extends from 24~ 6' N. lat. (the southern extremity of Haterma Island in the Riukiu group) to 50~ 56' N. lat. (the northern extremity of Araito Island in the Chishima or the Kuriles) and from 122~ 45' E. long. (the western extremity of Yonakuni Island in the Riukiu group) to 156~ 32' E. long. (the eastern extremity of Shiumshu Island in the Kurile group). soundaries. The Empire, which consists of the four great islands and numerous smaller islands, is separated on the north-west by the Sea of Japan from the Russian Manchuria and the Corean Peninsura. On the north, it is separated from the Russian territory by Saghalien Island and the Strait of Nicholaevsk, and on the north-east, the group of the Kurile Islands 2 COMMlERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. extends to the Kamtchatka in the Russian dominion. On the south-east, the Empire is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, the vast expanse of which intervenes the Empire and the United States of North America. On the south-west, the dominion of the Fmpire includes the Riukiu Islands and extends southward in the direction of the Formosa and South China. General Features The extent of the Empire from north-east to south-west is about 500 ri and its breadth varies from 30 to 60 ri. The Honshiu, the largest of the four great islands, occupies the central position. The Shikoku lies in the south; the Kiushiu in the west; and the Hokkaido in the north. The provinces of the Empire are divided, exclusive of those of the Kinai, into eight great circuits seven of which are contained in the Honshiu, Kiushiu, and Shikoku. The remaining circuit is the Hokkaido, which comprises the provinces of Oshima, Shiribeshi, Ishikari, Teshio, Kitami, Iburi, Hitaka, Tokachi, Kushiro, Nemuro, and Chishima. The Tokaido comprises the provinces on the east coast of the Honshiu, viz., Iga, Ise, Shima, Owari, MIikawa, Totomi, Suruga, Kai, Idsu, Sagami, Musashi, Awa, Kadsusa, Shimosa, and Hitachi. The Tosando includes the provinces lying behind the Tokaido and extending eastward to the Sea of Japan; viz., Omi, Mino, Hida, Shinano, Kodsuke, Shimodsuke, Iwaki, Iwashiro, Rikuzen, Rikuchiu, Mutsu, Wuzen, and Wugo. The Hoku GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 3 rikudo comprises the provinces on the Sea of Japan to the north of the TOsanda, viz., Wakasa, Echizen, Kaga, Noto, Etchiu, Echigo, and Sado. The Kinai comprises the provinces situated along the southwestern boundary-line of the three circuits of the Tokaido, Tosando, and Hokurikud; viz., Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Idsumi, and Settsu. The SanindO comprises the provinces on the Sea of Japan and west of the Kinai; viz., Tanba, Tango, Tajima, Inaba, Hoki, Idzumo, Iwami, and Oki. The Sanyodo comprises the provinces lying to the south of the Sanindo and on the north shore of the Inland Sea; viz., Harima, Mimasaka, Bizen, Bitchiu, Bingo, Aki, Suwo, and Nagato. The Nankaido includes, in addition to the provinces in the Shikoku, a province projecting into the sea southward from the Kinai; viz., Kii, Awaji, Awa, Sanuki, Iyo, and Tosa. The Saikaido includes all the provinces in the Kiushiu; viz., Chikuzen, Chikugo, Buzen, Bungo, Hizen, Higo, Hiuga, Osumi, and Satsuma. Besides the four great islands, the chain of the Kuriles (Chishima) extends northward from the eastern coast of the Hokkaido, while the group of the Riukiu and other islands, including the Tanegashima, Oshima, and Yakushima, extends southwards. from the southern extremity of the Kiushiu in the direction of the Formosa. In the Sea of Japan, the islands of the Sado and Oki are situated; in the strait between the Kiushiu 4 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. and Corea, the Tsushima and Iki; on the west coast of the Kiushiu, the Hirado, Goto, and Amakusa; and in the Pacific Ocean; the Hachijojima and Ogasawarajima (Bonin Islands). The Inland Sea, which lies between the Honshiu and Shikoku, contains a group of innumerable islands, including the Awajishima, Shadoshima, Oshima, Kurahashijima, Itsukushima, and Nomishima, the beautiful passage through them is world famous. PopulArea an The following statement shows the area, population, and coast-line of the Honshiu and other islands:Populationi Division. Circum- Area. Popula- per ference. tion. sq. ri.. sq. r&.. Honshiu...... 2,475.46 14,571.12 30,715,265 2,108 Shikoku...... 675.81 1,180.67 2,879,260 2,440 Kiushiu......... 1,846.86 2,617.54 5,755,958 2,199 Hokkaid6 (The main island.) 628.51 5,061.90 The Kuriles. (32 714 islands).. 613.21 1,033.46 Sado....... 53.30 56.33 111,633 1,982 Oki............ 75.97 21.89 33,932 1,550 Awaji....... 40.88 36.69 190,195 5,184 Iki............ 37.25 8.63 35,711 4,138 Tsushima...... 206.22 44.72 31,719 709 Riukiu group. (55 islands)... 315.06 156.91 405,031 2,581 Ogasawara group. (17 islands). 60.58 4.50 1,043 232 Total...... 7,029.11 z14,794.36 40,453,461 1,632 There is another Administrative division, and though it had undergone several changes it comprises at present one Administrative Board (Hok GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 5 kaido), three Fu, viz.,-Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, 43 Ken (prefectures), viz:-Kanagawa, Hyogo, Nagasaki, Niigata, Saitama, Gumma, Chiba, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Nara, Miye, Aichi, Shidsuoka, Yamanashi, Shiga, Gifu, Nagano, Miyagi, Fukushima, Iwate, Aomori, Yamagata, Akita, Fukui; Ishikawa, Toyama, Tottori, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Wakayama, Tokushima, Kagawa, Yehime, Kochi, Fukuoka, Oita, Saga, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, and Okinawa. These are subdivided into 804 Gun (districts), 42 Shi (cities), 15,732 Cho and Son (towns and villages), each of them has its own administrative organ. Mo1untain Almost every part of the Empire is mounChains. tainous, forming several mountain chains. The one rising in Saghalien Island runs southward, and the other beginning from Chishima (Kuriles Islands) goes westward. These two chains meet in Hokkaido (main island) intersecting each other, and crossing the channel from Oshima Peninsula, run to Honshiu, and thence to Southern Tosando. Passing through Kinai and separating Sanindo and Sanyodo get in to the western Kiushiu, and there making a turn, stop in the southwestern part. In their course, they branch off into three ranges and form what is called Honshiu (main land) mountain ranges. The one that, passes through Ou enters into Shinano and Kai,. and thence traversing Tokaido, assumes conspicuous appearance in Idsu 6 COMMERCE 4AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. and goes over to Ogasawarajima (Bonin Islands). That one which extends over Kiushiu, rises in Noto Peninsula, and runs by the eastern bank of Biwa lake. Another one extends from Central Japan to Shinano, Hida, Kozuke, and Shimozuke. Beside these, there are two ranges; the one that rises in the central part of Ki-i province runs along the coast of Totomi Nada, and passing through Izu makes its appearance in Awa; the other passes over to Sado Island from the northern extremity of Noto Peninsula. Shikoku range, extending from Kii province, crosses Shikoku, thus forming the boundary line of northern and southern Shikoku provinces, and unites with the Kiushiu ranges. Kiushiu ranges comprises the following: the one lies between Hizen, Chikuzen, and Buzen provinces, and the other forming the spinal column of Kiushiu runs in southern direction, presenting an aspect much resembling the letter T. The mountains 6ver 7,000 shaku above the sea level are shown in the following table:Mountains. Provinces. Height. shaku. Fujisan........ Suruga, Kai....... 12,370 Akaishiyama... Shinano...... 10,214 Shiranesan...... Kai............ 10,212 Komagatake Kai........... 9,905 Orengeyama Etchiu...... 9,871 Rengeyama..... Shinano, Etchiu... 9,683 Shaku jgatake...... Shinano...... 9,240 Yatsugatake... Kai......... 9,116 Norikuradake..... Hida, Shinano.... 9,109 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 7 Mountains. Provinces. IHeight. Mayetake... Hakusan Azumayaa...... Jizogatake...... Kokushidake Kimbusan.... Tateshinayama. Hoeizan... Asamayama...... Dantaizan.... Yokoteyama Mabushidake Komagatake Azumayama Daimugenzan Iwasugayama Yenasan Komagatake Kodake...... Mitsukiyama Nayebayama Akanagiyama Kasagadake..... Shiraneyama Jiumonjimine Shinano...... Kaga......... Shinano......... Kai............ Kai, Shinano, Musashi Kai........... Shinano....... Suruga,............ Shinano...... Shimotsuke...... Shinano......... Suruga, T''to6i.... Shinano M ino............ Iwashiro..... Shinano.. Echigo...... Shimotsuke.... Shinano... Shinano, Kozuke... Musashi, Shinano... shaku. 9,108 8,947 8,907 8,857 8,553 8,549 8,349 8,233 8,230 8,196 7,954 7,845 7,808 7,788 7,693 7,572 7,393 7,330 7,264 7,112 7,112 7,095 7,088 7,069 7,055 Rivers. The general feature of the country being long in N. and S. and narrow in East and West and as one great chain of mountains run through the middle, so all the rivers seem to correspond in their course to this formation of land, that is to say, it seldom occurs that the rivers which make their ways parallel to the mountain ranges, are sometimes long, but the greater part that run across the country are always short. The current of the rivers which empty into the Pacific Ocean is comparatively tardy owing to the gradual declivity of the ground. 8 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. It is otherwise with those that discharge into the Sea of Japan, the descent being quite precipitous, renders it generally rapid. It is much to be regretted that the rivers of this country are generally devoid of navigable facility, owing to the shortness of the course, sunken rocks, boulders, and sand banks often obstruct the passage. In the following table the noted lakes and long rivers are ranged. Table of the Noted Rivers. (Navigable Length). Names. Provinces. Length. Ishikarigawa Kitakamigawa Tonegawa......... Shinanogawa Kisogawa Mogamigwa... Akanogawa....... Watarigawa... Yoshinogawa..... Shingugawa...... Omonogawa........ Abukumagawa..... Kinogawa......... Arakawa... Hidakagawa...... Fujikawa....... Chikugogawa..... Yoneshirogawa...... Oigawa............ Oyodogawa......... Yoshiigawa....... Kinugawa......... Kuzuriugawa... Tamatsukurigawa Nakagawa........ Ishikari........... Rikuchiu, Rikuzen... KSzuke, Musashi, Shimosa, Hitachi... Shinano, Echigo.... Shinano, Hida, Mino, Owari, Ise Uzen, Ugo......... Iwashiro, Echigo Tosa......... Tosa, Awa...... Yamato, Kii...... Ugo............ Iwashiro, Iwaki... Yamato, Kii......... Musashi K ii............ Shinano, Kai, Suruga... Buzen. Chikugo...... Rikuchiu........ Totomi............ Hiuga............ Mimasaka, Bizen Shimotsuke, Hitachi... Yechizen...... Rikuzen... Shimotsuke, Hitachi... ri. cho. 167.00 76.09 71.11 63.02 55.04 54.00 45.20 37.33 37.15 37.12 35.33 35.18 32.34 32.18 31.08 29.14 27.29 26.21 25.28 25.00 25.00 24.29 24.10 23.26 23.26 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 9 Names. Provinces. Length. rs. cho. Asahigawa........ Mimasaka, Bizen... 23.00 Kushidagawa...... Ise......... 22.23 Gonogawa.... Aki, Iwami...... 22.22 Tsurunumagawa... Iwashiro......... 22.01 Hiigawa....... Izumo....... 21.24 Yahagigawa......... Shinano, Mikawa... 21.10 Kitayamagawa..... Yamato, Ki......21.08 Saigawa......... Shinano...... 20.31 Kakogawa........ Tamba, Harima... 20.23 Kumagawa....... igo............ 20.15 Otagawa........ Aki...... 20.14 Takayanagawa...... Bitchiu, Bizen...... 20.00 Iwakigawa......... utsu.......... 20.00 Note: Ishikarigawa, the only entire length is given. Table of the Celebrated Lakes. CircumLakes. Provinces. fernce. rs. cho. Biwako........ Omi......... 73.31 Kasumigaura...... Hitachi...... 36.00 Inawashiro...... Iwashiro...... 16.21 Nakaumi...... Izumo............ 16.11 Hachirogata...... Ugo........ 15.00 Kokawaranuma.... Mutsu......... 13.24 Shimujiko....... Izumo......... 13.02 Imban-ama....... S. Shimosa...... 12.00 Towadako......... Mutsu......... 10.00 Harbours. The Empire the entirely surrounded by seas that the extended coast-line amounts to 15,300 nautical miles, and that of the four great islands only amounts to 8,177 nautical miles. The coast abounds in numerous harbours, indentations affording good shelter to vessels. The most important of them are: Yokohama in Musashi, Kobe and Osaka in Settsu, Niigata in Echigo, Nagasaki in Hizen, Hakodate in 10 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Oshima, (the above mentioned are the open ports), Shimonoseki in Nagato, Hakata in Chikuzen, Kuchinotsu and Karatsu in Hizen, Misumi in Higo, Fushiki in Etchiu, Otaru in Shiribeshi, Kushiro in Kushiro, Moji in Buzen, Yokkaichi in Ise, (the above mentioned are the special port for exports), Shinagawa in Musashi, Uraga and Yokosuka in Sagami, Shimoda in Idzu, Shimidzu in Suruga, Toba in Shima, Tomotsu and Onomichi in Bingo, Tadotsu in Sanuki, Kagoshima in Satsuma, Naha in Riikiu, Idzuhara in Tsushima, Miyatsu and Maidzuru in Tango, Tsuruga in Echizen, Nanao in Noto, Ebisu in Sado, Tsuchizaki and Sakata in Ugo, Mororan in Iburi, Aomori in Mutsu, and Miyako in IEikuchiu. The principal bays are: Sendai and Mutsu Bay in Tosandr, Tokyo and Suruga Bay and Ise Sea in Tokaido, Osaka Bay in Kinai, Ariake Nada and Kagoshima Bay in Saikaido, and Volcano and Nemuro Bay in Hokkaido. Yokoh"na The Port, under the control of KanaPort. gawa Prefecture, is situated in the southern extremity of Musashi province and extends 139~ 38' 38" of E. long., 35~ 26' 53" of N. lat. The coast of the harbour begins from Hommoku Point running along the Nogeura, curves at the town of Kanagawa. It is open in north-east and the undulating hills enclose the back ground. The harbour is spacious and deep. The town covers the tract of 0. 35 sq. ri, containing 27, 835 houses, and the population numbers 127, 987. I 114o 0 Gw~ffe*~ 4 04* Co evil i 4 Loal Cturt 11wr ugueom ROO2 "pzJ LIue Iu a I74u~~t~ cuke tAo GENERAL OBSERVA2TIONSS. 1'1 The port is the nuclius of the north-eastern part of the Empire, being so near the capital that it is practically the port of Tokyo. In addition to this, all those who go to Europe, America, China, Australia, and those who come to visit our country, generally touch the port as it is the most important intermediate place. With respect to the constant accumulation and distribution of merchandise on foreign trade, and the prosperous state of shipping of this port, none of the other Treaty ports could surpass. It was formerly by called Yokohama-mura and has been an insignificant fishing village, but with the treaty of opening the ports concluded in the 6th year of Ansei (1859) there began to assume a need aspect. Swampy places were filled up, rivers were dredged, and roads *were built. As soon as the plan of the town was laid down foreigners as well as natives poured in and in a decade or two, rose up to be one of the foremost emporiums of the Empire. At present the harbour works are energetically carried on. It was commenced in Jan. 1890, and to be completed in March 1894. The plan of the work is to construct the breakwaters projecting from east and the other from north, so as to form a shelter for vessels; and to construct piers from the former wharfs, and from there to reach the railway station by rails through the compound of the Custom-House. On completion of this work the spacious accommodation for vessels of 1ll kinds, and the facilities for transport, shipping and 12 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. landing of merchandise will be of no small account. Table of Distance from Yokohama to the Chief Ports, Foreign and Home. Ports. Distance Ports. Distance. Nautical mi. Nautical mi. Ishihama (Rikujen) 283 Adelaide...... 9,295 Oginohama (, ) 286 Melbourne...9,780 Kamaishi(Rikuchiu) 353 Sidney......... 10,340 Miyako......... 377 Bombay........ 5,773 Hakodate...... 529 Aden........ 6,991 Yokosuka...... 12 Suez...... 8,299 Uraga......... 17 Portsaid...... 8,386 Shimoda...... 74 Alexandria.... 8,519 Shimizu (Suruga) 113 Brindisi..... 9,344 Handa (Owari)... 191 Ancona...... 9,614 Yokkaichi....... 200 Venice....... 9,739 Kobe......... 347 Trieste......... 9,804 Saigon......... 2,870 Malta........ 9,321 Singapore...... 3,239 Naples......... 9,405 Manilla......... 3,800 Marseille...... 9,971 Haiphong...... 3,700 Gibraltar...... 10,302 Batavia...... 4,057 Plymouth...... 11,356 Penang......... 3,620 London....... 11,601 Colombo...... 4,898 Honolulu...... 3,450 Pondicherry..... 5,437 San Francisco... 4,540 Calcutta...... 6.097 Vancouver...... 4,334 Table of the Merchant Vessels Entered to Yoko. hama from Foreign Countries. Year. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1882 159 313,405 93 58,856 252 372,261 1883 155 317,985 93 69,002 248 386,987 1884 164 291,878 71 41,744 235 333,622 1885 195 325,751 64 42,949 259 368,700 1886 175 309,477 59 50,069 234 359,546 1887 186 336,150 50 42,504 236 378,654 1888 191 358,766 43 43,004 234 401,770 1889 182 349,694 50 47,420 232 397,114 1890 217 384,056 38 40,652 295 424,708 1891 180 342,502 40 48,265 220 390,767 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 13 Table of the Merchant Vessels cleared Yokohama for Foreign Countries. Year. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1882 120 261,458 62 41,938 182 303,396 1883 121 273,461 88 60,920 209 334,381 1884 120 233,670 60 31,220 180 264,890 1885 125 232,998 54 34,245 179 267,243 1886 81 183,327 53 39,629 134 222,956 1887 88 192,412 44 36,451 132 228,863 1888 108 235,418 32 27,337 140 262,755 1889 113 254,408 37 25,890 150 280,298 1890 101 226,017 42 48,558 143 274,574 1891 108 240,714 31 31,824 139 272,538 Table of the Total Valke of Commodities Imported to and Exported from Yokohama Harbour. Year. Imports. Exports. Total. yen. yen. yen. 1873 19,387,052 15,335,249 34,722,301 1874 16,390,822 13,062,984 29,453,806 1875 22,035,450 12,466,654 34,502,104 1876 18,537,643 21,431,741 39,969,384 1877 21,028,788 15,902,368 36,931,156 1878 24,870,241 15,540,291 40,410,532 1879 23,606,570 19,258,733 42,865,303 1880 26,324,650 18,984,217 45,308,867 1881 21,584,318 21,481,187 43,065,505 1882 20,352,427 26,925,512 47,277,939 1883 19,223,443 36,073,654 45,297,097 1.884 19,461,496 21,838,466 41,299,962 1885 19,004,729 24,224.748 43,229,477 1886 20,164,126 31,848,816 52,013,942 1887 27,174,928 33,775,222 60,950,150 1888 36,646,151 40,714,014 77,360,165 1889 34,320,917 41,862,129 76,183,046 1890 40,645,762 32,331,989 72,977,751 1891 28,982,816 49,540,894 78,523,710 Note. Since the year 1888, the value of Commodities is given in silver yen, the value of importations from gold countries being converted into silver at the average rate of exchange. Total values of those years preceeding to 1872 are obscure. CountiesI. mported. 8 ____ Exported.* 1889 1890 1891 1889 | 1890 1 1891 i I Great Britain... United States of America... China......... Germany....... Hongkong........... France........... British India'........ Russia.............. Switzerland........ Belgiu.......... Philippine Islands.... Australia........... Italy............... Spain............... Denmark.......... Siam........ Hawaii............... Holland........... British America...... Austria............... Portugal......... Peru.............. Corea...... Sweden and Norway.... Turkey............ Other Countries,...... Total............ yen. 15,333,09C 3,575,089 3,154,201 3,163,615 2,268,52C 2,148,989 1,975,368 460,488 720,127 593,57S 163,222 255,765 110,174 39,795 70,396 20,286 5,261 44,819 23,197 18,459 5,614 5,764 20,48C 26,931 31 117,65( 34,320,917 yen. yen. 15,343,925 11,048,302 3,495,377 3,334,384 4,183,060 3,186,043 3,762,871 2,873,387 2,874,668 2,513,433 2,227,440 1,713,347 4,176,097 1,389,198 398,994 598,998 834,459 535,884 509,95- 427,651 207,568 167,931 302,235 149,700 100,489 87,423 19,749 46,384 46,396 40,825 175,341 28,232 267 26,362 20,470 20,842 18,367 19,714 22,822 15,846 5,741 6,164 14,138 4,018 96,375 2,363 1,454 2,134 588 351 1,809,917 743,896 40,645,762128,982,815 yen. 2,006,790 20,680,162 948,260 359,983 1,636,151 13,446,341 478,80) 29,374 137,137 15,900 844 76,052 496,962 1,395 6,305 12,201 10,419 446,633 204,130 490 847 16,987 4,100 472,829 41,489,089 yen. 3,159,581 15,361,285 755,692 345,041 2,556,264 7,614,891 283,125 35,400 10,653 17,940 7,474 74,505 169,093 1,018 10,508 21,241 11,759 675,501 270,693 1,206 30,947 485 559,809 31,974,109 yen. 2,394,742 24,242,593 1,500,400 317,705 3,744,772 13,805,972 749,604 36,986 208,947 17,432 17,621 66.205 712,363 5,915 846 51 46,152 5,642 749,604 209,415 442 20,059 417 797 581,672 49,185,511 I - Q CD C F ' CD CD o ct C. r~ r — CD p!-2 CD Cl0-3 CD O t C3 CD 0 MCD CD 0I 0 tz...... * Figures for Ship's Use are excluded. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 15 The principal commodities exported from the port, are raw silk, waste silk, tea, silk-piece, and copper, and those imported are sugar, cotton on the seeds, cotton thread, raw cotton, kerosene oil, shirtings, Italian cloth, camlets, metals and machineries. Of the commodities exported during 1891, we specify following 72 varieties whose total value exceed 10,000. yen. yen. Raw Silk......... 29,168,488 Green Tea (Pan Fire) 2,986,181 (Basket Fire).........1,158,673 Silk Handkerchiefs.. 2,788,995 Ingot Copper...... 2,544,899 Silk Piece Goods... 1,646,270 Noshi Silk......... 1,387,801 Waste Silk...... 837,390 Porcelain & Earthen Wares......... 545,897 Lacquered Ware... 403,974 Coal (including Ship's Use)......... 372,483 Leaf Sea-weeds... 302,136 Awabi, Shellfish... 298,935 Bar, Slab, Copper. 269,419 Dried Cuttle Fish... 212,870 Pierced Cocoon. 194,672 Silk Manufactures.... 165,937 Wood Ware...... 160,125 Shiitake, Mushroom. 156,226 Iriko or Beche de Mer 146,754 Fish Oil....... 144,567 Bronze Ware...... 135,791 Cut Sea-weeds... 110,465 Gingseng......... 102,185 Straw plaits...... 101,019 Cotton Piece-goods... 88,334 Paper Manufactures. 87,473 Tama Silk......... 81,973 Jinrikisha...... 80,460 Dust Tea..... 79,973 Wall Paper..... 74,768 i I yen. Salmoon and Cod Fish......... 74,209. Furs............ 70,874 Match...... 66,764 Gampishi Paper... 51,929 Kainohashira..... 51,812 Furnitures...... 48,670 Menthol Crystal... 47,281 Sulphur....... 47,060 Ivory Ware...... 46,422 Sundry Minerals... 45,890 Fans......... 44,262 Bamboo Ware...... 41,369 Tobacco Leaves... 40,065 Lump Tea..... 39,859 Peppermint Oil... 38,790 Shippo Ware...... 37,287 Sundry Papers... 36,858 Floss Silk......... 33,905 Shark's Fins..... 33,383 Sundry Shellfish... 32,309 Kanten or ColleVegetable.30,230 Bancha...... 29,489 Mussell Shellfish... 27,569 Lily Bulbs...... 25,456 Screens....... 24,891 Feathers......... 24,273 Umbrellas...... 23,632 Waste Floss Silk... 23,509 Pictures......... 19,558 Soy... 18,929 Potatoes........ 17,734 Awabi-shell...... 16,459 Camphor......... 15,836 16 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. yen. yen. Bamboo 15,540 Plants, Trees,Shrubs. 11,847 European Umbrellas. 13,926 Black Tea...... 11,219 Books........ 12,043 Hamaguri Shellfish... 10,627 Tatsukuri or GomameFishll,909 China Boots... 10,002 Kobe Port. This port is in the Administrative district of Hyogo Prefecture, extending 135~ 24' 29" E. Long. and 35~ 37' N. Lati., occupying the south-western corner of Settsu province. On the north-east it is bounded by the former bed of Ikutagawa and on the south-west the Minatogawa, which borders the Town of Hyogo, and on the northwestern side by mountains and the sea on the southeast. The harbour, together with Hyogo-Town, and other three villages compose the city of Kobe, and it contains the area of 1.46 sq. ri, 35,944 houses, and the population of 141,394. The harbour occupies the important post for the south-western regions of the Empire, moreover it is quite close to most flourishing cities of Kyoto and Osaka. From this harbour, Tokaido and Sanyo Railways start, the former, to the east, and the latter to the west, which necessarily forms central station, for travellers and commodities, etc., that come from Europe to Yokohama; from America to Shanghai and Hongkong, and from Yokohama to the provinces of south-western Japan. The bay is deep enough to afford a convenient mooring to all kinds of vessels and it is next to none of the treaty ports, except Yokohama. Following tables will show the distance from the harbour to the I, / / / / / / 7 7 I / / / / 7/ Q 'N / >)#/ / N I I) I; / I N / 1K I 1 / / 6 p / // 77 6/ >7 7 >1 71 717 Zj 7 >1< V I >1<1 /7 if7 /1 77 \ / \)/ 7 1 7 <<6 7j 7 7 1/ < 7 71 \4J N 77 I 7/ /7 > / N> GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 17 important ports, foreign and domestic, and the yearly average of the foreign merchant vessels entered from and cleared for foreign countries. Table of Distance from K6be to the Chief Ports, Foreign and Home. Ports. Distance. Ports. Distance. Nautical ini. Nautical mli. Tadotsu... 82 Hiroshima (Aki)... 155 Imaharu (Iyo)... 120 Mitajiri (SuwS).. 213 Mitsugahama (Iyo) 147 Akamagaseki. 240 Nagahama (Iyo)... 165 Tokushima (Awa).. 51 Beppu (Bungo)-... 214 Kochi (Tosa).. 142 Oita (,,.. 212 Susaki(,, ) 152 Saganoseki(Bungo) 202 Shimizu...... 176 Yawatahama (lyo) 216 Osaka....... 14 Uwajima (Iyo)... 222 Yokohama.... 347 Okayama (Bizen). 65 Nagasaki, via Bakan 382 Onomichi (Bingo). 108 _ Table of the Merchant Vessels Entered to Kobe from Foreign Countries. Year. Steamer. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1882 18 19,084 31 24,532 49 43,616 3883 4 4,874 35 30,200 39 35,074 1884 20 21,999 25 22,607 45 44,606 1885 25 29,640 25 24,992 50 54,632 1886 48 53,284 25 32,706 73 85,990 1887 91 115,906 21 24,980 112 140,886 1888 143 226,916 28 36,147 171 263,063 '1889 179 271,438 27 38,269 206 309,707 1890 201 296,858 31 48,497 232 345,355 1891 192 276,063 27 40,619 219 316.682......... 18 CO3MMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Table of the Merchant Vessels Cleared K6be for Foreign Countries. Year. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. N. n. o.. o. Ton. 1882 45 56,694 45 33,883 90 90,577 1883 32 40,547 44 37,841 76 78,388 1884 43 57,470 33 31,415 76 88,885 1885 57 73,454 29 32,344 86 105,798 1886 96 119,158 27 38,144 123 157,302 1887 103 147,330 23 29,354 126 176,684 1888 161 261,110 33 44,661 194 305,771 1889 199 309,476 31 44,428 230 353,904 1890 161 250,951 34 52,549 195 303,500 1891 147 237,319 32 46,927 179 284,246 This harbour, originally no more than an inconsiderable fishing village, was opend in December 1867, subsequent to the conclusion of the treaty of commerce and intercourse with the foreign countries, and the business was entrusted to the Hiogo Bugio (Governor of Hyogo) specially appointed for the purpose. Ever since, though the prosperity and dullness of the trade with foreign countries differed with times, it always ranked next to Yokohama. Total Value of the Import and Export of this harbour is shown in the following table. Table of the Total Value of Commodities Imported to, and Exported from K6be Harbour. Year. Imported. Exported. Total..,._ - -- ~ I. yen. yen. y/an. 1873 5,867,948 2,459,870 8,327,818 1874 4,639,969 3,056,088 7,696,057 1875 5,264,895 2,762,356 8,027,251 1876 3,728,685 3,389,315 7,118,000 1877 4,257,689 4,657,180 8,914,869 GENERAL OBSERVA TIONS. 19 Year. Imported. Exported. Total. yen. yen. yen. 1878 6,026,160 6,505,376 12,531,536 1879 7,067,156 5,750,204 12,817,360 1880 7,848,538 5,653,853 13,592,391 1881 7,380,529 5,588,804 12,969,333 1882 6,378,820 6,514,972 12,893,792 1883 6,989,189 5,972,653 12,961,842 1884 7,790,531 6,610,733 14,401,264 1885 7,584,148 7,255,844 14,839,992 1886 9,499,172 9,933,661 19,432,833 1887 13,854,161 12,770,606 26,624,767 1888 24,669,906 18,304,070 42,971,976 1889 26,035,331 20,331,553 46,366,884 1890 32,041,004 16,955,413 48,996,417 1891 25,700,501 21,733,718 47,434,219 Note: Since the year 1888, the value of Commodities is given in silver yen, the Value of importations from gold countries being converted into silver at tie average rate of exchange. Total values of those years preceeding to 1872 are obscure. For the total value of the commodities Exported from, and Imported to various foreign countries at Kobe, during the last 3 years (1889-1891) see the following table. .. T ' I I. Imported. Countries. Great Britain........ British India........... China.............. United States of America.. Hong Kong............ Germany............ France............... Corea........... Belgium............... Russia.............. Australia............ Philippine Islands...... Spain............... Holland............... Italy............... Switzerland............ Sweden and Norway...... Austria............... Peru............ British America......... Denmark........... Portugal............... Siam.......... Turkey............... Hawaii............... Other Countries......... Total............ 1889 ' 1890 1891 1889 1 ~~....... yen. 9,559,488 5,127,268 3,611,548 2,243,699 1,379,382 1,672,903 1,161,207 546,553 157,068 2,162 11,112 45,171 1,029 1,635 33,778 44,509 45 1,112 1,843 41,624 1,963 276,468 117,650 yen. 10,117,318 4,555,192 2,316,822 3,071,564 2,167,165 2,498,033 1,568,718 2,282,822 231,948 3,163 32,003 34,272 78 2,417 27,796 23,736 40 1,185 2,507 28,624 47,680 305,291 2,692,628 yen, 7,724,026 4,127,556 3,215,597 3,182,692 2,088,176 1,921,696 1,090,922 947,868 255,053 226,397 71,568 49,039 46,384 23,059 24,116 13,633 4,238 1,855 1,331 1,122 862 259 130 725,104 yen. 4,887,222 745,824 1,868,873 4,140,214 3,634,535 1,208,873 800,129 544,210 52,907 49,365 396,001 17,270 1,465 261,521 239,139 2,488 50 126,605 353,615 4,805 5,013 631 452,695 Exported.* __ 1890 1891 yen. yen. 2,419,681 3,137,335 220,447 323,731 1,945,472 2,094,489 ~ 4,317,698 5,290,735 4,486,970 6,454,738 499,362 1,011,600 726,196 904,815 ~ 605,023 238,034 b 44,423 50,983 21,052 46,017 684,695 680,481 25,393 16,038 6,119 6,817 6,256 9,388 45,158 42,417 H 475 89 36,415 81,648 347,313 593,002 50 - 8,723 955 2,944 2,120 3,999 20,330 35,616 406,977 16,489,481 1 21,412,738 I I I -..-. t 26,035,330 32,041.003 1 25,700,502 1 19,792,886. * Figures for Ship's Use are excluded. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 21 Among the exported articles the most prominent are rice, tea, copper, match, and camphor; of imported articles cotton, cotton yarn, sugar, cloth, beans, peas, and pulse. Of all the commodities exported from Kobe in 1891, the following 71 varieties whose amount exceed 10,000 yen, are shown below. yen. Rice............ 5,511,732 Tea...... 2,684,846 Match...... 1,699,158 Camphor..... 1,471,395 Porcelain and Earthen Ware 653,922 Mats for Floor..... 648,046 Kanten or Colle Vegetable...4... 408,615 Screen..... 327,182 Dried Cuttle Fish. 301,377 Vegetable Wax... 286,858 Shiitake, Mushroom.. 284,321 Coal, for Ship's Use.. 283,567 Fans........... 247,777 Antimony......... 232,225 Ingot Copper...... 231,036 Raw silk......... 187,851 Shrimp........ 186,040 Bamboo Manufactures 182,841 Waste Silk...... 177,277 Lacquered Ware... 159,302 European Umbrellas 143,327 Rape-seeds...... 140,797 Bamboo...... 137,750 Rags........... 129,797 Bronze......... 117,359 Coal...... 117,886 Rape-seed Oil...... 114,572 Timber's Planks. 103,208 Gingseng......... 95,129 Straw-plaits...... 92,757 Glass Ware... 92,201 Cotton Cloths for Floor........ 89,806 Paper Manufactures Bronze Ware..... Brass Wire... Wheat...... Silk Piece Goods Gall-nuts...... Noshi Silk.. Silk Manufactures Iriko or Beche de Mer Coral............ Round Fans Cotton Under-shirts and Drawers.,... Camphor Oil...... Furs...... Washing Soap..... Shell, Awabi...... Sulphuric Acid... Star-anise...... Copper Wire...... Floss-silk......... Silk Handkerchief... Sea-weeds.... Wood Ware...... Feathers...... Awabi, Shell-fish... Cut See-weeds... Paper Lanterns... Cotton Flannels or Mompas...... Shark's Fins...... Pictures...... Mussel Shell-fish... Copper Ware...... Leaf Tobacco...... yen. 74,496 66,441 60,422 59,634 54,960 48,656 40,853 40,720 40,221 38,055 35,182 36,877 35,726 31,329 28,615 27,839 26,936 26,034 26,189 25,047 22,825 22,372 22,054 21,272 18,568 17,765 17,625 17,618 17,090 16,382 16,013 14,956 14,347 22 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. yeln. yen. Socks and Stockings 14,067 Bronze Ware...... 12,070 Straw Manufactures 13,471 Soy........ 11,483 Conch or Yak6gai Shell 12,822 Toilet Soap..... 10,709 Nagarki This port in Nagasaki Prefecture covers the southern portion of Sonoki peninsula of Hizen province, is situated 130~ 29" E. long. and 32~ 45' N. lat., and is nearly encircled by mountains exoept the western part where it opens to sea. The harbour measures 18 cho in the widest part, and about 6 cho in the narrowest part, i. e. from east and west, and is over 1 ri to the south and bends somewhat to the south. The Mount Inasa stands to the north-west of the harbour. Kayakishima and Kagenooshima guarding the entrance, check the rough waves of the open Sea. Its waters are placid all seasons and it is large enough for the anchorage of scores of large vessels. Thle city covers o.12 sq. ri, with the population of 58,142 and 9,183 houses. Situated on the western extremity of the Empire, and being the principal port of Kiushiu, Nagasaki is another centre that draws all ships from far and near. As to the maritime communications of this port with foreign countries, we have regular lines to Fusan, Gensan, Tientsin, Hongkong, Shanghai, and Vladivostock on the continent, besides it being the port of call for the vessels of European line, and for those of Philippine and Australian lines that there is nothing left to be regretted on the part of the maritime oe>n:~ iAi ff GENERAL OBSERTVATION$S. 23 communications. Though the inland transportation is not up to the standard, yet the importation of coal, rice, corn, wood, charcoal, tea, marine products, and *other commodities from the various portions of Kiushiu is considerable, and deserves the designation of the third treaty port. In the next tables the yearly comparison of the merchant vessels entered to and cleared from Nagasaki for foreign countries, and the distance to the various important ports from Nagasaki, are shown. Table of the Merchant Vessels Entered to Nagasaki from Foreign Countries. Year. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1882 382 324,630 140 54,087 522 378,717 1883 372 357,523 130 55,044 502 412,567 1884 451 415,681 124 52,678 575 468,359 1885 465 403,438 96 37,173 561 440,611 1886 558 526,813 80 33,737 638 560,550 1887 540 540,361 53 26,142 593 566,503 1888 598 619,974 47 17,270 645 637,244 1889 639 634,159 40 13,911 679 648,070 1890 466 519,078 40 15,136 506 534,214 1891 477 542,374 29 13,220 506 555,594 Table of the MerchantVessels' Cleared Nagasaki for Foreign Countries. Year. I Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. Ton. No. Ti. No. Ton. 1882 S86 339,858 136 50,777 522 390,635 1883 383 377,160 134 57,055 517 434,215 1884 474 442,444 125 54,818 599 497,262 1885 507 463,162 98 38,553 605 501,715 1886 691 585,342 69 33,001 670 618,343 1887 597 633,229 W 25,799 653 659,028 COMMf1ZERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Year. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. No. TonIL.. I. Ton o. Ton. 1888 649 702,411 42 17,526 691 719,937 1889 655 664,096 37 17,759 692 681,855 1890 511 581,187 34 14,861 545 596,048 1891 495 559,765 26 13,8' 1 521 573,566 Table of the Distance from Nagasaki to the Chief Ports, Foreign and Home. Ports. Distance. Ports. Distance. Nautical mi. LA 'au tlvcal iz. Goto Fukue(Hizen) 55 Hirato (Hizen) 55 5 Takeshiki(Tsushima) 106 Naha (Riukiu)... 535 Izuhara...... 106 KSbe... 382 Chikufa..... 121 Yudzu (Hizen) 262 Shimabara (Hizen). 66 Hososhiia... 316 Wakatsu (Chikugo) 92 Usuki (Bungo) 374 Kagoshima..... 162 Sagaseki (Bungo)... 378 Kuchinotsu..... 48 Shanghai 470 Miike (Chikugo).. 82 Chefoo.... 566 Saseho (Hizen)... 46 Fusan... 162 Imari (, ). 73 Jinsen... 458 Karatsu......... 85 Gensan..... 460 Hakata........ 105 Tientsien... 736 Bakwan......... 142_ In the 1st year of Genki (1570) for the first time, the merchant vessel of Portugal entered this harbour, and in the following year trade with that country was fairly begun. Afterwards it was made the fixed trading post with China in the 2nd year of Kwanyei (1629), and 17 year later (1640), with Holland. Ever since, all the affairs concerning diplomacy and commerce were treated in this place, and remained so until the formal opening of this port in the 6th year of Ansei (1859). Being the oldest of the trading ports with the foreign ootntries it monopolized for a long time GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 25 the advantages derived from it. Though the condition of trade with foreign countries had undergone much changes, it is quite plain, the trade of this port is far less behind than those of Yokohama and Kobe. The following table of the total value of the commodities imported to and exported from this port should be referred. Table of the Total Value of the Commodities Imported to and Exported from Nagasaki Habour. Year. Imported. Exported. Total.; yen. yen. yen. 1873 1,927,761 2,002,815 3,930,576 1874 1,550,063 1,816,276 3,366,339 1875 1,368,569 2,117,487 3,486,056 1876 782,444 1,824,711 2,607,155 1877 1,597,834 2,086,920 3,684,754 1878 1,504,248 2,436,797 3,941,045 1879 1,726,678 2,073,243 3,799,921 1880 1,299,792 2,532,518 3,832,310 1881 1,001,823 2,550,188 3,552,611 1882 1,166,716 3,357,888 4,524,604 1883 896,957 3,149,437 4,046,394 1884 1,105,661 4,022,537 5,128,198 1885 1,575,253 3,932,289 5,507,542 1886 1,424,365 5,243,923 6,668,288 1887 - 1,45),568 4,364,761' 5,816,329 1888 2,173,320 5,625,297 7,798,617 1889 2,912,843 6,193,063 9,105,906 1890 3,410,952 4,314,391 7,725,343 1891.2,932,133 3,842,222 6,774,355 Note: Since the year 1888, the value of Commodities is given in silver yen, the value of importations from gold countries being converted into silver at the average rate of exchange. Total value of those years preceeding 1872 are obscure. For the total value of the commodities imported to and exported from various foreign countries at Nagasaki during the last three years see the next table. _ _ C Imported. Exported.* Countries. --, 1889 1890 1891 1889 1 1890 1891 * I i —I I I Great Britain......... China.......... Hong Kong............ United States of America.. Germany.......... Corea........... Russia............ British India...... France............... Philippine Islands...... Belgium............... Australia............ Holland.............. Switzerland............ Italy............... Denmark...... Spain............... Sweden and Norway..... British America....... Siam............. Austria............ Portugal............... Other countries......... Total............ LiYen. 933,580 887,061 349,090 311,205 22,986 115,086 82,312 39,598 15,646 4,882 136,489 208 547 372 716 1,009 176 4,930 241 6,807 yen. 863,225 775,685 454,069 281,675 159,982 219,355 56,991 39,671 12,885 12,839 213,363 323 416 460 55 51 4,785 1,792 143 631 312,556 yen. 985,600 683,685 485,832 301,512 250,299 102,748 46,318 32,539 12,526 9,047 6,254 1,429 440 424 348 227 62 20 8 12,816 yen. 770,568 1,854,44(J 1,729,127 242,452 69,528 251,105 349,867 101,233 300 5,514 3,915 14,344 68,433 13 26,7 4 8,740 4,075 yen. 53,727 1,416,057 1,600,119 350,073 2,518 135,688 183,595 69,023 64 69,413 24,804 425 40 40 12 2,070 21,614 yen. 100,597 1,307,278 1,345,950 35,415 45,001 106,933 222,906 66,606 775 3,698 208 10,416 270 60 504 54,869 o I N rC 4.-. I'l 41 ------------ I -I --- —-- I 2,912.843 3,410,952 2,932,135 5,500,368 3,614,284 3,301,486... * Tle values for Ship's Use are excluded. A 4 rNk4 a jJ j 4> 4> L J I p p -4 ii \ V 71 / / > / /2 ) J I: / ______ \ \ _____ GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 27 The principal commodities exported from the port are coal, dried cuttle fish, rice, camphor, and Shiitake mushroom, and those of the imported are kerosene oil, white sugar, raw cotton, oil-cakes. Specifying the exported merchandises over 10,000 yen during 1891 we have the following 19 varieties: tPen. yen. Coal............ 2,023,719 Timber, Wood, and Dried Cuttle Fish... 417,899 Plank...... 47,713 Rice............. 203,714 Raw Cotton....... 45,250 Camphor....... 141,874 Tea........... 41,439 Mushroom, Shiitake. 102,926 Shark's Fins... 27,829 Shellfish, Awabi... 80,038 Flour of all Kinds... 24,105 Charcoal......... 6.4,768 Star-anise......... 24,047 Porcelain and Earth- Vegetable Wax.. 14,953 en Ware...... 59,604 Shell, Awabi.... 14,107 Papers........ 56,632 Silk Piece Goods... 10,958 Iriko, Beche de Mer.. 49,276 Hakodate This port, under the control of Hokkaido Port. Administration Board, extending 140~ 43' 6" of E. long., 41~ 45' 54" of N. lat., is situated on the southern part of Oshima Peninsula. The harbour is about 1 ri 20 cho in length and breadth, and the physical formation of its surrrundings is naturally adapted to the Shelter of vessels. The city covers the area of 0'629 sq. ri containing 11,792 houses and the population amounting to 55,677. This port is- the most irmportant port of Hokkaido. The commodities from Nemuro, Akkeshi, Mororan, Kayabetsu on the east, and Fukuyama, Yesashi, Suttsu, Utasutsu, Isoya, Iwanai, Furuya on the west; pour into the port to be distributed elsewhere. Moreover, those vessels that. navigate the eastern sea ali 28 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAX. ways touch here, in their course to Ishikari and Otaru which lie in the north. Notwithstanding the situation of its being in the extreme north, it is quite thriving and is one of the five open ports. Table of Distance from Hakodate to the Chief Ports. Ports. Distance. Ports. Distance. Nautical mi. Nautical mi. Matsumaye (Oshima) 42 Mori (Oshima)... 76 Yesasi ( ) 82 Mororan (Iburi)... 79 Suttsu (Shiribeshi)... 158 Nemuro......... 295 Iwanai (,, )... 170 Niigata......... 247 Otaru.......... 221 Oginohama...... 266 S6ya (Kitami)...... 330 Yokohama...... 529 This harbour was opened in the June of the 6th year of Ansei (1859), chiefly engages in the export of sulphur to America, and the marine products to China. The total value of the commodities imported to and exported from this port within the space of 19 years (1873-1891) is shoWn below. Table of the Total Value of Commodities Imported to and Exported from Hakodate Habour. Year. Imported. Exported Epor. Total. ye. yen. yeu. 1873 32,247 447,610 479,857 1874 16,419 278,874 295,293 1875 37,762 395,997 433,754 1876 20,087 476,401 496,488 1877 14,628 483,047 497,675 1878 14,056 722,265 736,321 1879 4,432 692,770 697,202 1880 221,704 749,262 970,966 1881 128,273 826,374 954,647 1882 7,417 504,953 512,370 12 rn 12 1 fi <I f / L 11 12 7/1' / H >1 0 V '~"'I I </ 1/ 7 i/I // 12' 71 7/ /1/ if I/Il V/ "V /17 /1''' / I/{ '>< V 2' I WV I 'V V 'V ___________ /VVV /// GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - 29 Year. Imported. Exported. Total. yen. yen. yen. 1883 4,378 436,750 441,128 1884 5,004 378,913 383,917 1885 10,324 684,853 695,177 1886 16,185 679,339 695,524 1887 11,422 735,477 746,899 1888 3,944 536,054 539,998 1889 117,706 781,447 899,153 1890 676,534 823,034 1,499,568 1891 217,481 638,709 856,190. Note: Since the year 1888, the value of commodities is given in silver yen, the value of importations from gold countries being converted into silver at the average rate of exchange. Total values of those years preceding 1872 are obscure. Niigata This port is in Niigata Prefecture extending 139~ 3' E. long., and 37~ 55' N. lat., and is situated in the centre of Echigo province. On the north it is bounded by -the Shinanogawa and north-west by sea. The city covers 0-788 sq. ri with 10,054 houses and 47,019 of population. It is the most important port of Hokurikudo, and supplies the demand of the neighbouring provinces. Above all, rice being the staple production of Echigo province, the export through this port amounts to nearly 300,000 goku every year. So, from the commercial point of view, it occupies the important place along the western coast of the Empire. The distance from this port to the chief ports of the Empire is shown below. Table of Distance from Niigata to the Chief Ports. Ports. Distance. Ports. Distance..Nutical ni.. Na.tical ei. Sakata... 63 Fushiki...... 121 Tsuchizaki (Ugo) 116 Tsuruga...... 231 Hakodate...... 247 Sakai (H6ki)... 322 Naoyetsu...... 63 Bakwan... 496 30 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Though this port was opened in the year 1868 as one of the five treaty ports, yet its traffic with foreign countries has always been rather backward. Cities. Everywhere in this densely populated Empire there exist large cities and towns to be called centres in respect of their respective comercial or industrial relation, in regard to the administrative division, or on the point of communications. The latest return shows the number of cities and towns contaning the population over 10,000 amounting to 141, if the population of villages subjoined to cities and towns were to be added the number would be augumented far more. Dividing whole Empire into four parts and alloting the cities and towns of more than 10,000 people, we have the following table. Over Over Over Over Total 100,000 50,000 30,000 10,000 Honshiu... 6, 13 90 114 Shikoku... - 1 3 6 10 Kiushiu... - 4 1 10 15 Hokkaid6... - 1 - 1 2 Total... 6 11 | 17 107 141 In the cities and towns containing the population of more than 30,000 we have the following table. Names. Provinces. Population.... T6ky5............ Musashi........ 1,155,290 Osaka........... Settsu............ 473,541 Kyoto........... Yamashiro......... 289,598 Nagoya............ Owari............ 170,433 Kobe...... Settsu......... 136,968 Yokohama...... Musashi......... 127,987 I GEiNERAL OI3SFRYATIO.NS. Names. Kanazawa.. Hiroshima Sendai.... Tokushima.. Toyama Kagoshima.. Wakayama... Hakodate. Kumamoto.. Fukuoka. N-Ifigata.... Okayama, Sakai.... Nawa.... Fukui.... Shizuoka.. Matsuye.. Takamatsu.. Matsuyama.. Mayebasbi. Kafu.... K6chi.... Morioka.. Otsu... Utsunomiya Akamagaseki Hirosaki.. Provinces. Population. K ag a.... Aki.... Rikuzen Awa.... Etchiu..... Hizen. Satsuma Kii........ Oshima.... Higo,.. Chikuzen Echigo,.... Bizen.... Idzumi.... Riukiu.... Echizen Suruga.... Idzumo.... Sanuki.... Jyo,....... K~zuke.... Kai.... Tosa,.. Rikuchiu Omi.... Shimotsuke Nag~ato.... Mutsu.... 94,666 91,000 66,310 61,167 58,585 58,142 56,643 56,049 55,677 54,357 53,792 47,019 45,871 45,563 42,250 40,159 38,246 35,565 34,616 34,563 32,129 32,052 32,042 31,868 31,127 30,831 30,787 30,316 Miy of This Tokyo. Lu, extending city under the administration of TAky139C 45' 29" E. long., 350 40' N. lat., is situated in the south-eastern part of Musashi province. Extensive fertile land forms its north-western boundary and the Bay of Takyai limits the southeastern part, while the River Sumida flows on the east. It covers the area 'of 4-7 sq. ri with 277,049 houses and the population of 1,155,290 and the 'Whole city is divided into 15 districts, viz.; K"jimaichii Nih~onbashbi, Kyobashi, Kanda, Asakusa, Shitaya, 32 COMMEICE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Honjo, Fukagawa, Azabu, Aknsaka, Yotsuya, Ushigome, Koishikawa, Shiba and Hongo. This city, formerly called Yedo, was the seat of Shogunate during the long period of 200 years, since the 11th year of Keicho (1606) when Tokugawa Iyeyasu built the castle here for his permanent residence. With the Restoration of 1868, Yedo was changed to Tokyo, and the Imperial seat was removed here. Since then the city was greatly improved, and extensive public buildings rose one after another;- Government buildings, military barracks, meeting houses, legations, schools and associations, banks, hotels, theatres, hospitals, firms and factories. Complete network of telegraph and telephone spread above and at night the streets are illuminated by gas and electric light. The yearly increase of houses makes it necessary to extend the city limit, and the municipal debt was raised last year to meet the expense of the Tokyo city improvement which is actively carried on at present, and expected to be completed in five years hence. The prosperity of the city takes the lead of the cities of the whole Empire, and contains 23 markets, 77 banks, (branch office included), 77 commercial firms, 137 industrial corporations and manufactories, one rice-exchange, one stock-exchange, one meeting-house of bankers, besides agricultural, commercial, industrial schools, societies, associations, chamber of commerce, industrial exposition buildings, so that there is no deficiency left for the stimulation of the commercial and industrial ";mazurka, I J "CON 400 Ns, k /1 C J / / I / ';IY K' / / I7I 74 r I 1/ I' L JA F 7 Iji I I. 4 7 $ I I / I I I I ) i Y4 I 14 hi / / 1 V I GENERAL OBSERVATIrOlNS. 33 organs. With regard to the transportation, there are following railway lines, viz., Tokaido line starting from Shinbashi, situated in the southern portion of the city, and on the way to Kobe (376 miles) we pass Yokohama (18 mi.), Shizuoka (120 mi.), Nagoya (235 mi.), Kyoto (329 mi.), Osaka (356 mi.); Tohoku-line begins at Uyeno in the northern part of the city, and stops at Aomori (455 mi.), the principal places we pass being Utsunomiya (66 mi.), Shirakawa (114 mi.), Fukushima (166 mi.), Sendai (215 mi.), Morioka (328 mi.); and the Kobu line starts from, Shinjiku, situated in the western part of the city, to Hachioji (23 mi.). The distance by land to all the local government seat is measured from Nihonbashi in the centre of this city, as base. Table of the Distance to the Various Prefectures and Fu from Nihonbashi. Names. Distance. | Names. I Distance. I ri. ri. Kyoto Fu...... 11 Shiga Pref... 128 Osaka Fu.144 Gifu... 104 Kanagawa Pref.. 8 Nagano... 59 Hyogo.. 150 Miyagi... 92 Nagasaki,... 344 Fukushima..'.71 Niigata,.., 109 Iwate.. 140 Saitama,.. 6 Aomori,.. 192 Gumma,, 28 Yamagata.95 Chiba,. 10 Akita.., 151 Ibaraki,,. 29 Fukui... 137 Tochigi, 27 Ishikawa... 125 Nara., 140 Toyama.. 108 Miye. 1 113 Tottori.. 194 Aichi.,. 95 Shimane,, 221 8hizuoka 46 Okayama.. 186 Yamanashi,,... 34 Hiroshima,.... 231 34 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Names. Distance. Names. Distance. Yamaguchi Pref.... 266 Saga Pref... 314 Wakayama... 161 Kumamoto... 325 Tokushima... 178 Miyasaki. 368 Kagawa... 207 Kagoshima,... 381 Yehime,, 2.37 Okinawa... 574 Kochi... 234 -Hokkaid6 AdministaFukuoka... 3(3 tive Board...... 276 0ita,,... 317_ For the transportation by sea, the Tokyo Bay line busily plies between Yokosuka, Yokohama, Uraga, Chiba, Kisaradsu, and Tateyama, and there is river communication with Shimosa province and there about. city of This city under the control of Kyoto-Fu Kydto. extending 135~ 43' E. long., 35 1' N. lat., occupies its position in the centre of Yamashiro province, and nearly surrounded by mountains, but broken only in the south where it communicates with the open field with the River Kamo running to the east of it. The city is divided into two parts, the northern portion being called Kamikyoku (upper city) and that of the southern, Shimokyoku (lower city), and covers the area of 1'86 sq. ri with a population of 289,588 and 63,698 houses. For almost a thousand years since the Emperor Kwanmu established this place the capital of the Empire in the 13th year of Yenriaku (794), it has been the Imperial residence for the succeeding reigns, and the constant abods of the court nobles and the cherishing home of Lb L LJJE U p:7 JJJLi llIL U.........~ GENESAL OBSERVATIONS. the famous artisans and architects. Though the iRestration of 1868, and the removal of the Imperial palace to Tokyo somewhat lowered the former prosperity of the city, yet the ancient tombs and vast -temples, its attracting landscape, and special industry and arts peculiar to Kyoto do still remain, and is one *of the 3 fu of the Empire. It is called also Saikyo (western capital) from its being the ancient capital. With respect to the transportation and intercourse, a railway line starting from Shichijo in the south of the city, reach Tokyo (329 miles) passing on the way Nagoya (94 mi.), Shizuoka (209 mi.), Yokohama (311 mi.), and another line leaving the same place, extends to Kobe (47 mi.), passing Osaka (27 mi.); and the Yodogawa is the highway of river communication to Osaka, and the Biwako canal to Omi. Manual industries prevail in the city so that works.done by mechanical process are very rare. The chief manufactures are Nishijin fabrics, dyed cloths of all kinds, Awata earthen wares and Kiyomidsu porcelain, lacquered wares, copper wares, Shippo wares, embroideries, figured fabrics, plaits, knittings, fans, round fans, gilt-thread, and gold and silver leaf, each being exported more or less and the patronage they enjoy is quite due to the taste and skill peculiar to the place and impossibility of imitation by others. There are following commercial firms and factories, viz., 47 fabric factories, a cotton spinning mill, a silk spinning mill, 7 dyeing companies, a Shippo-ware manufactur 56 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ing Co., 9 fan manufactories and copper ware manufactories, 3 porcelain and earthen ware manufacturing Co., one manufactory of floor Rugs, one copper wire manufactory, 3 brass plate manufacturing companies, and one toy manufactory, besides, manufactures done by private individuals can not enumerated. The sale of products of the city, and importation of the raw materials needed for them constitute the traffic of the place, and the business is transancted principally between the inland cities, and there are but few persons who engage in direct trade with the foreign countries. The city contains 6 commercial firms, 8 banks (branch office included), one stockexchange, one rice-exchange, besides many merchantile and industrial corporations and associations, one chamber of commerce, and a merchantile museum. City of This city, under the control of Osaka-Fu, Osaka. extending 135~ 31' 10" of E. long., 34~ 41' 27" of N. lat., is in the south of Settsu province. It has an extensive open field for environment except the south where it faces the sea. The Yodogawa runs southward through the city branching into the Ajikawa, Shirinashi-gawa, and Kidsugawa. The city is divided into 4 districts, and covers the area of 0.99 sq. ri with a population of 473,541 and 95,637 houses. It was formerly called Naniwadzu famous in ancient times is one of the 3 fu, geographically hold the important place for Sanindo, Sanyodio, Nankaido, and Saikaido. IIIL FWlk V~t T71 VI ml w MOM.........r f x r ~ F r I..... Of f V ~ F VW r~6r f0t GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 37 The brisk business and the incessant communications with various places bear the same relation to the western Japan, as Tokyo is to the eastern Japan. It is obvious that the suitability of the place as commercial depot had been recognized as early as Teikyo and Genroku (about 1680 or 1690), the products from all quarters were generally transported to this city where the market price was fixed upon, and whence they were'distributed again to all other quarters. It was from this circumstance that, the commercial supremacy naturally fell into the possession of Osaka which it had retained for a long time. Since the Restoration of Meiji, the facility of communication and transportation became extended to every quarters, the necessary consequence being that the direct conveyance of merchandise to the demanded quarters from the place of produce; and with the opening of the adjacent port of Kobe, the large quantities of commodities began to be principally exported from and imported to this new port. Though these circumstances might have more or less retarted the progress of its trade, yet the grand appearance of the stately buildings of the millionaires and stores of respectable merchants, large firms and banks, show that the two causes could not produce any serious effect. Its principal merchandises are rice, salt, sugar, tea, soy, liqour, vegetables, fish, dried salted fish, dried bonito, dried vegetables, sea-weed, tobacco, cloths, foreign cloths, cotton yarn, raw.cottot, hemp 38 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. paper, mattings, indigo, rape-seed, wax, iron, copper, coal, rape-seed oil, wood, charcoal, timber, fancy goods, porcelain and earthen ware, lacquered ware, manures. The city contains 56 commercial firms, 114 commercial corporations, 16 markets, one rice exchange, one stock-exchange, 58 banks (branch offices included) two meeting-houses for bankers, chamber of commerce, associations, and one mercantile museum, besides other numerous commercial organs. Moreover, the industry made a rapid development recently, and hosiery manufactures, cut sea-weed, towels of variegated dye, rosette wood works, paperscreen making, glass works, soap manufacture, match manufacture, cotton spinning, manufacture of oils of all kinds, are spiritedly carried on. The latest return shows the number. of industrial corporations and factories, to be 83, and the amount of product is considerably larger. For the land communication we have Tokaido Railway starting from Umeda, in the north of the city, one line extends to Tokyo (356 miles) passing on the way Kyoto (27 mi.), Nagoya (121 mi.), Shidzuoka (236 mi.), and Yokohama (338 mi.), while another one reaches Kobe (20 mi.) passing Kanzaki (6 mi.), Nishinomiya (8 mi.); the Hankai Railway leaving Namba, situated on the south of the city passes Tengacha-ya, Sumiyoshi and stops at Sakai (6 mi.); and the Osaka Railway, has two lines, one reach Nara, and the other Takata. For the river communication, the city has the facility, derived from the three branch rivers of GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. the Yodogawa, all of them discharge into Osaka Bay. The port was opened in the first year of Meiji (1868) for foreign trade, and most of the merchandise has to pass this city to be distributed, but it is much regretted that the shallow entrance of the bay causes no small inconvenience to the free passage of large vessels. The table of total value of the commodities imported to and exported from the city to the various foreign countries is given below. poe E T Year. 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Imported. yen. 395,181 318,464 605,512 407,978 511,903 452,319 547,566 931,579 1,095,412 1,541,214 1,329,474 1,225,726 1,151,378 999,544 1,444,472 1,622,091 2,131,442 3,350,519 4,084,705 Exported. yen. 895,906 565,801 225,022 102,990 181,070 199,525 353,017 475,473 C 12,334 418,425 635,419 893,429 1,()021,846 1,028,859 656,810 372,236 261,013 451,180 981.103 Total. yen. 1,291,087 884,265 830,534 510,968 702,973 651,844 900,583 1,407,052 1,707,746 1,959,639 1,964,893 2,119,155 2,173,224 2,028,403 2,101,282 1,994,327 2,392,455 3,801,699 5,065.808 -. - -. Note: Since the year 1888, the value of commodities is given in silver yen, the value of importations from gold countries being converted into silver at the average ate of exchange. Among the exported articles the most prominent are marine products, copper, match and cotton piece goods; of imported articles are rice, cotton, sugar and beans. 40 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Commodities over 10,000 yen exported from this city during the year 1891 are as follows:yen. yen. Copper Bar, Slab, etc. 98,379 Bronze....... 24,161 Matches...... 62,637 Porcelain and Earthen Cotton Cloths..... 58,648 Wares......... 15,801 Ingot Copper..... 52,432 Vegetable Wax... 14,755 Silk Cloths..... 50,406 Kanten or Colle VegeDried Cuttle Fish.. 41,124 table....... 14,129 Spirit and Alcohol... 23,418 Rape-seed Oil... 13,591 Tin............ 23,057 Hemp Cloths......... 12,385 Shiitake Mushroom... 16,301 Shrimps......... 12,179 The Climate. The climate of the Empire is generally mild and healthy as it occupies its position in the temperate zone, and though the different portions of the ~Empire have the different temperatures according to the influences of situation, formation of land, physical features of mountains, and ocean stream. Upon the whole, the whole island group of the Empire is within the circuit of north-eastern monsoon, and is hot in summer and the sultry wind blows, and in winter in addition to the cold north or northwestern wind, the cold current flowing from the Arctic Ocean, and passing through the Bhering Strait, washing the Chishima Islands and the eastern coast of Hokkaido finally reach Inuboezaki in Shimosa province, and coming in contact with the temperature of the Continent of Asia, it makes the north-eastern portions of the Empire intensely cold and snowy. But, fortunately, the warm current from the equatorial region one branch of it running along the Pacific coasts of the Empire, and another, entering the Sea GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 41' of Japan through the Strait of Corea, and flows along the western coast of Hokkaido, mitigates the cold ad violent monsoon and modifies the climate of the southwestern provinces as well as that of the whole Empire. Meteorological Observatories are established in the different parts of the country, and the latest return (1890) of which shows the' temperature to be 36.4~-28.1cC. in the hottest, and -2~- -26.9~C. in the coldest. Among the numberless affairs, the system of transportation and communication has made a wonderful stride in the short interval of two decades, which will be treated below. Railway. The laying of the railway line between Tokyo and Yokohama in 1870 was the first railroad in Japan. Since then the government actively engaged itself in the extension of the railway, raising the national debt to be appropriated as the fund for the construction of new lines, while the numerous private railway companies were organized in various parts and set about their work. The latest return shows the railway line already completed, to be amounting to 1,750 miles, 551 miles by the government, and 1,199 miles by the private companies, besides 116 miles in the course of construction, 452 miles surveyings completed and 254 miles under surveyings. Upon the completion of these the whole extention would be 2,681 miles. Moreover, the government issued a 42 COMMEIRCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Regulation for the Construction: of Railway in June, 1852 and expects to accomplish the laying of the necessary railways within 12 years by raising the public debts. Taking Tokyo as base, there are two longest lines, the one starting from Tokyo and end at Awomori (455 mi.), the other leaving Tokyo and passing Kobe reach Onomichi (514 mi.). Tram-railways are also laid in Tokyo and other places, and with regard to the state-highways and prefectural-roads, there are constant improvements, new roads are built, the old roads are repaired and canals are opened. Railway Lines of Government and Private Companies. Line. Shimbashi to K6be, | Ofuna to Yokosuka, Ofu to Taketoyo, p Maihara to Kanagasaki, Takasaki to k ~ Yokokawa, Karuizawa to Naoyetsu, J Baba to Otsu and o Fukaya to Naga5 hama. / Sakumacho to AoM mori, Shinagawa to. Akabane, Omiya to '. Maebashi, Utsuno) miya to Nikko, Iwa-; kiri to Shiogama and: Oyama to Nakagawa.. Kobe to Akamaga- ' P seki and Hyogo to I Wadagasakicho...Name of Company. Situation. Capital. I I yen. Japan Railway Company. Sanyo Railway Company. Kobikichi 20/000o00c TOkyO City. 2,00,0 KObe, Hyogo 13O,00000o Prefecture. 13000 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 43 Line. Name of Situation. Capital. Company. yen. Moji to Misumi,y Tosu to Nagasaki, ' Kiushiu Moji, Arita to Saseho, UTdo - Railway Fukuoka 11,000,000 to Yatsushiro and i Company. Prefecture. Kokura to Gyohashi. Muroran to Sora-\ chifuto, Temiya to Horonai, Horonai- * Hokkaido futo to Ikushim- Tank Otar 6,500,000 Hokkaid6. betsu, Oiwake to c Railway. Yuibari and Sunagawa to Utashinai. Kusatsu to Kuwana Kwansei Yokkaichi, and Kameyama to j Railway Miye 3,000,000 Tsu. J Company. Prefecture. meda to Sakurai Osaka D6tonbori, and Oji to Nara. Railway Osnka City. Company. yam to May- Rybm6 Ashikaga, Company. Prefecture. K bu NishiHachi6ji to Misaki- ( iCob Nishi. ch.. 27mi. lway konyacho, 9000 ch......Company. Toky5 City. Hankai NambaNamba to Sakai 6 mi. 4 Railway shinchi, 400,000 Company. Osaka City. Marugame to Koto- Sanuki Tadotsu, hira..... Railway Kagawa 300,000 Company. Prefecture. Takahama to Hirai- Iyo Matsuyama, Railway Ehime 135,000 Cgawa1 Company. Prefecture. Wakamatsu to.* Chikuho Ko- Nokata, Ikari and N6kata to gyo Railway Fukuoka 2,500,000 Iizuka. j Company. Prefecture ( Kushiro Shibetcha to Sato 26mi. Coailway Shibeta, 200,000 Railway Hokkaid&. Company. Gotemba to Matsu- K6shi K6fu, moto..6. Railway Yamanashi 5,300,000 Company. Pretecture. Oishida to Sakata.* Yamagata Yamagata, and Akayu to Yone- Railway Yamagata 2,000,000 zawa. ) Company. Prefecture. 44 CCOMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. -... Line. p.c Cd P., Kyoto to Nara... 26 mi. Yokkaichi to Ikari - and Kouchida to Koharu. Uyeno to Yachimachi........ 40 mi. Tsu to Omata... 23 mi. Takata to Goshomachi......... 13 mi. Kokubunji to Kawagoe......... 18 mi. Ome to Tachikawa........ 13 mi. Total... 2,572 mi. Name of Name o Situation. Capital. Company. yen. Railwa, Nara 1,500,000 Companwy. Prefecture. Hoshiu GyShashi, Railway Fukuoka 1,500,000 Company. Prefecture. Sobu ShinRailway sakanacho, 1,200,000 Company. Tokyo City. ( Sangci iSangt Tsu, Miye 650,000 lRailway Prefecture. 60 Company. J Nanwa Goshomachi, Railway Nara 500,000 Company. Prefecture. ( awagoe Tokorozawa, Railway Saitama 300,000 Company. Prefecture. Ome Ome, Railway Kanagawa 100,000 Company. Prefecture. 1-~ ---- - - - - 74,785,uOJ The Table Showing the Income and Expenditures and Construction Expense of the Railway. GOVERNMENT. PRIVATE. Total ExpenseTotal Expe Year of the New of the New Construction Expend- Construction Expendfrom thit. from fte Income. iture. Establish- Establishment: ment. yen. yen. yen. yen. yen. yen. 1887 17,258,955 1,843,463 788,180 6,732,703 1,082,884 296,960 1888 29,797,432 2,472,808 1,077,698 11,864,4412,128,743 647,499 1889 31,618,348 3,955,966 1,771,532 20,951,112 3,187,484 1,094,348 1890 32,760,840 4,213,804 2,001,273 33,904,221 4,360,478 1,566,677 1891 34,241,5044,110,1412,426,900 44,061,622 5,503,427 2,341,591 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 45 Table Showing the Number of the Railway Passengers and Cargoes, and the Total Amount of the Fares Derived Therefrom. No. of Weight Fares. Year. Passen- of assen- Cargoes. Total. __ers. Cargoes. gers. C. '!ousalld Catties. yen. yen. yen. 1887 Government 6,001,389 956,309 1,297,307 486,986 1,784,293 Private... 2,478,911 242,670 528,378 352,343 880,721 1888 ov....... 8,297,313 1,113,022 1,772,044 638,656 2,410,700 Pri....... 5,670,962 450,526 1,077,399 603,459 1,680,858 1889I Gov..... 11,366,774 1,155,013 2,966,267 927,736 3,894,003 Pri....... 9,333,553 871,126 1,549,364 783,296 2,332,660 1890 Gov.... 11,265,531 1,134,630 3,183,386 908,359 4,091,745 Pri....... 11,410,565 1,259,010 1,970,972 918,847 2,889,819 1891 Gov...... 111,787,913 1,318,466 3,026,866 966,776 3,993,642 Pri. 1... 14,002,389 2,231,925 2,683,118 1,502,504 4,185,622 Post. In the year 1871 the old existing post system was abolished and the Postal Laws executed in Europe and America were adopted and carried in force, the systems of the Postal Money Orders, and savings banks were established, and the Parcel PostLaw is now being in force, there is no place, however remote and sequestrated, where the letters can not be despatched and delivered. As to the foreign mails, the agreement for mutual exchange of the letters was settled with the United States in 1873, and afterwards the convention for establishing Universal Post Union and the Universal Postal Convention of Paris were entered and Japan now enjoys the equal benefits with other allied states. 46 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JA'AV. Table Showing the Postal Route and the Number of the Post-office. Postal Route. Post and Post Rail- Telegraph Office Year. Road. ways. Rivers. Lakes. Seas. Office. 'r *.1tz. 1i. n. m i. 1887 11,642 565 178 186 12,880 20 3,901 1888 11,397 727 179 186 12,880 34 3,676 1889 11,204 1,068 189... 12,636 175 3,432 1890 11,323 1,307 162... 13,567 219 3,411 1891 11,330 1,695 127 12 14,146 340 3,356:. Table Showing the Number of Mail Matters. News- Letters News- Con- Registered Total. Year. Letter. Cards. papers and Books. Specimens. Frankings. taining Leters Magazines._Money. 1887 50,955,970 55,627,595 18,248,305 1,752,727 59,266 7,054,264 22,088 2,935,059 136,655,274 1888 55,551,988 68,837,285 21,176,278 1,866,146 72,039 7,525,052 18,199 3,218,212 158,265,209 1889 59,377,250 83,852,814 27,066,852 1,986,437 93,029 7,930,889 12,368 3,280,466 183,600,105 1890 64,268,328 96,469,222 41,255,4922,550,540 212,021 9,294,743 6,701 2,587,440 216,644,487 1891 66,406,800 106,612,264 49,081,974 2,778,833 297,239 10,637,057 2,016 2,863,699 238,679,882 Table of Postal Money Orders. Y. Amount Issued. Remittances. Year. Money ___________________ ____ Order Office, Orders. Amount. Orders. Amount..0 It 1a_ 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 946 1,014 1,015 1,599 1,893 1,441,363 1,655,261 1,819,251 2,123,905 2,505,228 yen. 10,929,500 12,782,943 13,957,645 16,515,905 19,793,368 1,432,590 1,649,362 1,813,327 2,117,244 2,500,485 yet. 10,901,338 12,765,914 13,942,947 16,473,258 19,776,018 19,79,36819,76,01 48 COMMERCE fAND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Telegraph. For the first time the telegraph line was constructed between Tokyo and Yokohama in 1869, and thereafter the line was greatly extended and at present the construction to all important places are completed. The Empire entered into the International Telegraph Convention, and as to the foreign telegrams the submarine cable:was laid between Nagasaki and Fusan harbour of Corea. In addition to as there are two submarine cables connecting Nagasaki, Shanghai and Vladivostock, the Empire has the accommodation and advantages of sending to and receiving from other to the contracted countries the messages, at any time. The telephone exchange was also established lately, and the great increase of the subscribers in Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka shows that the system will no doubt be adopted throughout the country. The Table Showing the Telegraph Routes, the Number of Telegraph Offices and Messages Despatched.. oute n- Post an Teleg. Private No. of ear. inri. tionin Teg office. office Messages. 1887 2,527 6,869 20 211 15 2,489,136 1888 2,491 7,163 30 217 13 2,682,12C 1889 2,601 7,630 169 105 10 3,207,963 1890 2,734 7,600 208 101 36 4,031,498 1891 2,927 7,237 329 57 49 4,33:,218 Maritime As the coast abounds in harbours, the Colnlnunications. communications between them has become pretty busy, and as the foreign trade become more extensive, the vessels that enter the treaty ports from Europe and America annually increase. (ENE RAi OBSE'ATIO'NS. 4~ Our S. S. Company's foreign routes are six at present, and the relation of the foreign mail S. S. Company's with our ports is shown below. NIPPON YUSEN KWAISHA'S FOREIGN ROUTE. Yokohama and Shanghai Line. The steamers employed on this route are three, and leave Yokohama and Shanghai once a week, calling at K6be, Shimonoseki, and Nagasaki. This line connects with the Pacific Mail Steamship Comany's and Oriental and Occidental Steamship Company's packet at Yokohama, and with the packet of the Tientsin, Newchwang, Vladivostock lines at KSbe, and with the Shanghai and Vladivostock line at Nagasaki exchanging passengers and cargoes at each place. Kobe and Vladivostock Line. Steamer leaves each port once in four weeks calling at Shimonoseki, Nagasaki, Fusan, Genzan, but on the return voyage does not call at Nagasaki. During winter season when the harbour of Vladivostock is frozen over the steamer goes as far as Genzan. It leaves KEbe and Genzan once in three weeks. This line connects the Shanghai Mail Packet at K6be, and with the K6be and Tientsin line at Fusan exchanging passengers and cargoes at each place. Kobe and Tientsin Line. Steamer leaves each port once in four weeks, calling at Shimonoseki, Nagasaki, Fusan, Jinsen, Chefoo. When Tientsin harbour is frozen over, it goes as far as Jinsen, and leaves both port once in three weeks. This line connects with the Shanghai packet at Kobe, and with the KSbe and Vladivostock line at Fusan and exchange passengers and cargoes. Kobe and Neechwalng Line. The steamer leaves each port once in four weeks, calling at Shimonoseki, Nagasaki, Got5, Tsushima, Fusan, Jinsen, and Chefoo. When Newchwang harbour is frozen over, it goes as far as Jinsen and leaves Kobe and Jinsen once in three weeks. This line connets with the Shanghai packet at KSbe, and with Shanghai and Vladivostock line at Fusan exchanging passengers and cargoes. Shanghai and Vladivosto.ck Line. The steamer leaves each port once in four weeks, calling at Chefoo, Jinsen, Nagasaki, Fusan, 50 COMMERCE AiND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Genzan on the forward voyage, and on the return voyage, calls at Genzan, Fusan, and Nagasaki. When the Vladivostock harbour is frozen over the voyage is suspended. K6be and Manila Line. The steamer leaves each port once a month, calling at Shimonoseki, Nagasaki, Foochow, Amoy on the forwards voyage, and on the return voyage, calling at Formosa, Amoy, Nagasaki, and Shimonoseki. On the return voyage it some'times happen that the steamer do not call at Formosa and Amoy on account of lading and directly comes to Japan via Hongkong or sometimes extends the route to Yokohama. Without regard to the above, extra voyage is made between Hakodate and Shanghai, Ktbe and Corean ports, Hongkong and Saigon there about, Hawaii, Java and Australia &c. FOnEIGN MAIL STEAMER COMPANIES' JAPAN ROUTE. Occidental and Oriental S. S. Co. This company packet leaves San Francisco to Yokohama, and thence to Hongkong and again to Yokohama, and thence back to San Francisco, and it leaves thrice a month. Canadian Pacific Railway Co. Leaving Vancouver enters Yokohama, and proceeds to Hongkong and Shanghai, via Kobe, and back to Ktbe, Yokohama, Vancouver, successively, it leaves once a month. Compagnie des Messageries Maritime, Paquebots Poste Francais. Leaves Shanghai enters Yokohama via Kobe, and thence vig Kobe goes back to Shanghai remaining two weeks in the last harbour (exchanging passengers and cargoes with the steamers on the return voyage to Marseille), and it leaves twice a month..:Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co. This is the company's Steam Ship branch line, leaves company. Hongkong touching Nagasaki, and Kobe, enters Yokohama and goes back to Hongkong, via the same harbours in once a month. Norddeutscher Lloyd. This is the company's branch line for its route, follows the same course as the English steamers, and it leaves once a month. The art of ship-building has made a considerable progress. With Yokosuka Dockyard belonging with Navy at the head, dockyards GENERAL OBSEV ATIONS. 51 sprang up at every principal ports, and the construction of manof-wars and merchantmen are actually carried on. Besides, the aids to navigation such as lighthouses and buoys are established all along the coasts, the prevention of maritime casualities. Table Showing the Number of the Foreign Styled Merchant Vessels Table Showing the Number of the Foreign Styled Merchant Vessels. t Over 50 ton, and Over 100 ton, & Under 50 ton. not more than not more than Over 500 ton. Total. Year. ' 100 ton. 500 ton. No. Ton. IH. P. No. Ton. H. P. N~o..P. N.Ton. HH. o. Ton... No. Ton. H. P. Steamer......... 272 4,431 3,346 91 6,550 2,213 81 18,823 4,151 4242,518 6,931 48672,322 16,641 1887 Sailing Vessel... 38311,459 - 30922,195 - 103 25,298 - 3 2,023 - 798 60,975 Steamer......... 2849 4,669 3,548 100 7,462 2,155 9621,941 4,958 4446,994 7,722 524 81,06618,383 1888 Sailing essel... 14512,690 - 35024,353 - 9824,062 - 3 2,023 - 896 63,128 - (Steamer....... 299 4,915 3,612 117 8,818 2,634 99122,786 4,920 49 52,293 8,442 56488,816 19,608 18891 Sailing Vessel... 53713,132 - 21016,110 - 9321,063 - 3 2,023 - 84252,328 - Steamer......... 201 4,929 3,649 122 9,194 2,890 112 26,815 5,604 51 52,874 8,567 586 93,81220,710 1890 Sailing Veasel... 572 13,972 - 209 16,032 - 81|19,853 3 2,023 - 86551,880 - (Steamer......... 319 5,335 4,046 123 9,309 2,842 113127,439 5,659 52 53,505 8,620607 95,588 21,167 Sailing Vessel... 555 13,489 196 15,024 - 8220,290 - 2 1,334 - 835 50,137 -..-.82t.0,290. ___2. 0 z z I Table Showing the Number of the Japan Styled Merchant Vessels. I --- — Over 50 Koku, and not Over 100 Koku and not more than 100 Koku. (10 Koku= 1 ton.) more than 500 Koku. Over 500 Koku. Tot:l. Year. 1.__ I __, - I_- -- - --- -- - - No. Koku. No. Koku. No. Koku. No. Koku. 1887 9,142 652,820 6,919 1,329,214 1,133 869,213 17,194 2,851,247 1888 9,252 664,046 7,534 1,469,791 1,092 835,858 17,878 2,969,695 1889 9,365 672,960 8,340 1,706,534 1,091 836,664 18,796 3,216,158 1890 9,463 680,604 8,942 1,875,428 970 746,353 19,375 3,302,385 1891 9,057 654,414 8,755 1,834,942 889 677,740 18,701 3,167,096 Q 0 ta Iv sd tI Steam-ship Companies. Nippon Yiisenkwaisha Osaka Sh6senkwaisha 83 Other Companies... Total.................. e.......................... Capital,.,,.. yin. 11,000,000 1,350,000 2,691,669 15,041,669 S 4 COMMEnCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. coinage. The monetary system has been quite imperfect, accordingly good and bad species were intermixed, and it was consequently found that this intermixture proved detrimental to the circulation in the trade with foreign countries. Thereupon, the Government was determined to select the standard unit, and in 1868, Imperial Mint was established in Osaka, provided with the necessary machinery. The various system of the foreign countries were referred to, and the consequence of which was the enactment of the Coinage Regulation in 1871, and the issuing of new species of coins of round shape. The weight, alloy, and designation were settled, the common difference clearly defined, and in counting, the decimal method was adopted, that is ten pieces of one rin make a sen, ten one sen pieces make ten sen, ten sen pieces make a yen, and so on up to any amount. The standard unit is of gold one yen, with three kinds of subordinate coins silver, nickel, and copper. It is not permitted that in one payment the silver coin should exceed 10 yen, nickel and copper coin, 1 yen. One yen silver coin issued at the same time to be used specially in the treaty ports, was at first limited to the payment of the customs duty and other taxes by foreigners, but afterwards, it was allowed to be generally used in the payment of the inland taxes, and transactions between foreigners and Japanese, the restriction of amount in time of payment is not observed in this case. The comparative value of the GENERAL OBSERVTATONS, silver coin to be standard gold is 100 to 100, and it circulates in equal value with foreign silver coin, and the government does not make any discrimination. The varieties of gold, silver, and copper coins are shown below. Weight. I nilomme. {20 yen price. 10... Gold Coin - 5,.. 2,.t 1 Is.. Silver Coin 1... Subordi- 50 sen,, nate Silver 10., Coin., 5... Subordinate Nickel Coin. 5,. Subordi- 2 nate Cop-.. per Coin. 1 i 1 in,, 8.88900 4.44442 2.22221 0.88888 0.44444 7.18848 3.59424 1.43770 0.71885 0.35942 I Alloy. 90% of Gold & 10% of Copper 90 0 of Silver & 10~o of Cop. 80% of Silver & 20% of Cop.,l, s,, t,!,..... 1.24416 25% of Nickel & 75% of Cop. 3.80416 1.90008 0.95040 0.24192.. Besides, there are old subordinate money still cur rent, made of copper, and iron, their value flactuating with that of the new coin. There are three kinds of paper money, viz., Government paper money, banknotes, and convertible silver-notes. Government paper money, issued is the year 1868 had undergone many change in forms since that date, but in the year 1886, the exchanging of the issued paper money with silver has been determined upon, and is now in the course of redemption. Bank-notes are issued in accordance with the Bank Regulation, to be redeemed 56 COiMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JIPAN. within the period granted for the working. In conformity with the convertible Silver-Notes Regulation, the silver-notes are issued by the Nippon Ginko, the gold, and silver coins, and bullions equal to the amount of the circulating notes, being reserved for the purpose of redemption. With Government, bounds, Treasury notes, commercial bills, and other reliable notes as security the notes are issued, and in future all other paper money is likely to be superseded by these convertible silver-notes. The total amounts of the gold, silver, and copper pieces issued, that of the circulating paper money, with the amount of the national debts at present, are shown below. yen. Gold pieces........................ 63,430,358 Silver,,........................ 113,466,782 Nickel,........................ 4,267,349 Copper,,............, 12,418,051 Total........................... 193,582,540 Government Paper Money..................25,702,384 Bank-notes..................... 24,494,959 Convertible Silver-notes............. 85,963,807 Total.................... 136,161,150 *Internal Debts.................... 294,957,469 Foreign,,...................... 4.488,624 Total........................ 299.446,093 Note: The amount of Gold, Silver, Nickel and Copper coin is the sum issued from the beginning of Coinage, 1870 to 31st, Mar. 1891. The amcunt of Paper money and Internal Debt is the sum presented at 31st, Mar. 1891. *Among this, yen 25,702,384 of Paper money and yen 22,000,000 of borrowed to pay back the Paper money are Ipnluded. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Table of the Comparative Value of the Foreign and Domestic Gold Coin. 57 Denomination of Gold Changed to the Value Countries. Coins of Different of Japanese Gold Countries. Coin. Great Britain U.S. N..A..... German...... France...... Italy........ Austro-Hungary. Belgium Russia..... Russia...... Turkey.... Bulgaria..... Servia........ Roumania...... Finland...... Egypt......... Tunis......... Persia........ Luzon....... Sweden... Norway...... Denmark...... Holland...... Spain......... Portugal...... Peru....... Mexico...... Hindoo...... New Holland... 5 pounds...... Sovereign...... Double Eagle... 3 Dollars.... 20 Marks...... 100 Francs...... 100 Lire......... 4 Ducats...... 8 Florins.... 20 Francs...... i Imp. (5 rubles). Ducat (3 rubles)... 500 Piasters...... Gold Alexander (20 levs)..... 20 Dinars...... 20 Lei........ 20 Markka..... 100 Piasters...... Toman (100 Shakis) Doubloon (4 Pesos). Escudo Deoro (2 Pesos)...... Escudello Deoro (1 Peso)...... 20 Crowns..... Double Ducat. 10 Florins..... Doubloon (10 Excudo)......... 4 Excudo...... Crown...... 20 Soles...... 20 Peso........ Once Doubloon (16 Pesos).... Mohur (15 Rupees). 2 Dollars...... yen. 24.406 4.881 20.061 3.009 4.779 19.354 19.354 9.175 3.871 3.871 3.999 2.398 22.048 3.870 3.871 3.871 3.871 4.957 11.700 2.296 3.946 1.972 0.985 5.376 5.376 5.376 4.579 4.032 5.032 2.013 10.837 19.354 19.740 15.787 7.126 2.032 58 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Denomination of Gold Changed to the Value Countries. Coins of Different of Japanese Gold Countries. Coin. yen. Brazil...... 20 Milrees.... 10.959 Hayti........ 10 Gourdes...... 9.677 Venezuela... 20 Venezolano... 19.354 Columbia Repu- Double Condor (20 blic......... Peso)......... 19.354 Urguay.... Peso.... 1.036 Argentine Con- Argentino..... 4.839 federation Argentine Con- Medio Argentino... 2.419 federation... Solivia........ Once........ 15.000 Chili...... Condor (10 Peso)... 9.151,...... Doubloon (5 Peso). 4.576..... Excudo (2 Peso)..1.830....... Peso... 0.915 Greece....... 100 Drachma 19.354 Table of the Comparative Value of the Foreign and Domestic Silver Coin. Denomination of the Changed to the Value Countries. Silver Coins of Dif- of 1 yen Silver Coin frent Countries. of the Empire. I Great Britain United States..,.... German.... France......,I...... Italy......... Switzerland. Belgium...... Austro-Hungary.. t,... Crown...... Florin...... Shilling...... 6 Pence...... Trade Dollar Dollar...... 20 Cents... Duine.... 5 Marks... 5 Francs... 50 Centime... 5 Lire...... 50 Centesimi 5 Francs... 50 Centime... 5 Francs... 50 Centime... 2 Florin... 20 Cloityer... I yen. 1.078 0.431 0.215 0.107 1.009 0.991 0.185 0.092 1.030 0.927 0.085 0.927 0.085 0.927 0.085 0.927 0.085 0.915 0.054 GENERAL OBSERYATIONS. 69 Denomination of the Changed to the Value Countries. Silver Coins of Dif- of 1 yen Silver Coin ferent Countries. of the Empire. Austro - Hungary Russia................. Bulgaria...... Servia......... Roumania...... Finland..... Egypt.......... Tunis......... Mauritins..... Hong Kong.., Strait Colonies... Persia........ Cochi......... Dutch India Luzon...... Canada...... Sweden...... Norway..... Denmark...... Holland...... Spain.........,....... II. Maria Theresia Thaler... Rouble (100 Kopecks)...... Poltinnick (50 Kopecks)......... Tchetvertak (25 Kopecks)........ Abbassis (20 Copecks)......... Polish Florin. Grivinik (10 Kopecks)...... Pietak (5 Kopecks) 2 Lews......... 5 Dinar.... 5 Ley........ 2 Markka.... 50 Penny..... 10 Piastre.... 2 Piastre..... 20 Cent........ Dollar........ 20 Cent........ 20 Cent....... Sachib-kerau Banabat (10 Scahis) Abbassis (4 Shahis) Trade Piaster... o Prastre...... + Florin..... 50 Centavos...... 50 Cent........ 2 Crown.... 50 Ore......... 2 Crown.... 50 Ore......... 2 Crown...... 50 Ore...... Rixdollar (2' florin) Florin......... 25 Cent......... Duro (2 Escudos)... Escudo (10 reals)... yen. 0.963 0.741 0.370 0.185 0.084 0.062 0.041 0.021 0.344 0.927 0.927 0.372 0.078 0.463 0.229 0.076 0.999 0.179 0.179 0.385 0.192 0.077 1.009 0.504 0.094 0.481 0.443 0.494 0.123 0.494 0.123 0.494 0.123 0.973 0.389 0.094 0.963 0,481 60 C3OMIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Denomination of the Changed to the Value Countries. Silver Coins of Dif- of 1 yen Silver Coin ferent Countries. of the Empire. Spain......... OR......... Portugal...... Peru........ Mexico...... India...... Greece...... Turkey...... New Holland... Antilles...... Brazil......... Hayti....... Venezuela..... ColumbiaRepublic Urguay...... Arthentine Confed. Bolivia...... Chili.........,.......... Peseta...... Real...... 5 Peseta 5 Testoons (500 Reis)....... Sole......... Dinero... Peso (100 Centavos) 50 Centavos.... Rupee......... 5 Drachmas... Lepte......... 20 Piaster...... 50 Cent......... 3 Halfpence...... 2 Milrees...... 500 Reis...... Gourde...... Venezolano...... 2 Desimo... 5 Centavo.... Peso...... 2 Desimo Peso...... 50 Centisimo... Peso......... 50 Centavo...... Bolivia....... Peso......... 50 Centavo...... 1 Desimo... yev. 0.173 0.043 0.927 0.472 0.927 0.092 1.007 0.503 0.473 0.927 (.085 0.822 0.449 0.036 0.963 0.240 0.927 0.927 0.172 0.042 0.927 0.172 0.927 0.463 0.927 0.463 0.957 0.927 0.463 0.092 These tables were extracted from the yearly report of the Director of the Imperial Mint of the Financial Department, and by comparing coins of this country with those of other countries, relying on the yearly report of the superintendent of the Mint of the United States of N. A., 1885, the given weight and value GENERAL OBSERVATIONS... 61 should not be considered to show the current market prices. Wightsr and The system of weights and measures Bleasures. has also been quite imperfect and a new system was made in 1875 and 1876; but owing to the imperfectness of the standards its rectification had early been proposed. In the year 1885 the Government entered into the Universal Metric Convention, and in 189], again a new system was established, adopting both Japanese and Foreign measures and weights, to be put into operation from the 1st of January 1893. The unit of measure being Shaku (a foot) and that of weight being Kwan, the original material for standard is the bar and weight made of the composition of platinum and iridium, ten thirtythird of the length of space between the two standard marks cut on the surface of the bar at the temperature of 0.15~ Centigrade, is to be a shaku; and the fifteen-fourth of the mass of the weight is to be one kwan. Their denominations and scale being as follows:Length. M......... oooth of Shaku J...... 10 Shaku Rin.... othof Shaku Ken...... 6, Bu........ ooth of Shaku Ch. 360 (60 ken). Sun...... th of Shaku Ri......12960 Shaku (36 ch6). Shaku Area of Land. Shaku...... thofBu Se......... 30 Bu Go..., Tan...... 300 Bu Bu, or Tsubo.. 6 Shaku sq. Ch6 3,000 Bu 8 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Shaku Go... Sho Measure of Capacity....... th of Sh To............... Kyath of Sho Koku............ 64, 827 Cubic Bu 10 Sh6 100 Sho Mo... Rin Fun Measure of Weight...... 000 00oth o f K w a n M o m m e..........1th of Kwan Kwan.......~-;th,.... Kin... 1 —o th of Kwan... 160 Momme Besides, there is an old measure of length the Kujirajaku commonly used from the early date, can be employed only in measuring cloths. One Shaku of kujirashaku correspond to the 1.25 shaku of the original standard, and ten times of it equals 1 jo, Av to 1 Sun, Th- to 1 Bu of the Kujirajaku respectively. The following table showing the comparative scales against the weights and measures of the metric system is acknowledged to be legal. Mo... Rin... Bu... Sun... Shaku Jo... Ken... Cho... Ri... Measure of Length. Meter. 0.00003 Millimeter 0.00030 Centimeter 0.00303 Decimeter 0.03030 Meter 0.30303 Decameter 3.03030 Hectmeter 1.81818 Kilometer... 10909091... 3927.27273 Shaku....... 0.00330...... 0.03300...... 0.33000...... 3.30000...... 33.00000...... 330.00000..... 3300.00000 Shaku......... G o............ Bu or Tsubo...... Se........... Tan.......... Ch6............ Area of Land. Are. 0.00033 Centiare... 0.00331 Are.... 0.03306 Hectare... 0.99174 9.91736 99.17355 Bu....... 0.30250...... 30.25000...... 3025.00000 GRNEIAL O6PSElRvATtON19. Shakn... G6...... Sh6...... To.... Koku Measure of Capacity. Litre. 0.01804 Centilitre....... 0.18039 Decilitre....... 1.80391 Litre........ 18.03907 Decalitre...... 180.39068 Hectlitre......... 63 Sh;. 0.00554 0.05544 0.55435 5.54352 55.43542 Mo...... Rin...... Fun...... Momme... Kwan... Kin...... Measure of Weight. Gramme....... 0.00375 Miligran...... 0.03750 Centigra...... 0.37500 Decigrar...... 3.75000 Gramme...... 3750.00000 Decagrai Hectgrai...... 600.0000 Kilogran ime... mme... nme.. nne... rme... nme... rmeo. Momme.... 0.00027... 0.00267... 0.02667 0.26667... 2.66667... 26.66667... 266.66667 -- --- I _ The original standard is under the custody of the minister of the Agricultural and Commercial Department, and two duplicate original standard are made, the one in the custody of the same minister, the other in the keeping of the minister of the Educational Department. The minister of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce orders the local magistrate to make the local original standard in exact copy of the duplicate original standard, to be used as standard in the inspection of weights and measures. The varieties, shapes, materials, limitation of the common difference, of weight and measures, the period of inspection and the fee are to be regulated by the Imperial Ordinance, and those who manufacture, repair, and sell them must receive the licence from the minister of the Agricultural and Commercial Department depositing as a security certain sum of money, and paying the license fee. Fifteen years are the 64 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAS. term of the validity of the license thus obtained, and that those who obtained license can sell as well as repair them. ~: bC: /-~ —.. xEl *d a.i o d ie:~: o i 3 cQ P * Q c8, S ' ~ ~ |o Table of the Comparison of the Weights, Measures. of the Empire to those of the Great Britain. Japanese Weight and Measure. Length. 1 M6 — th of Shaku.. 1 Rin ~0th 9. IlBu #th, IlSun th 1 Shaki. I J6.........10 sha'u' i Ken.....6, 1 Cha... 360 shaku (60 ken) English Weight and Measure. Line. 0.01431 0.1431C 1.43166 14.31665 143.16650 1431.66509 Inch. 1.19305 11.93054 119.30542 Foot. 0.99421 9.94212 5.96527 357.91627)" 9I2R~49R5'..972 Yard. 3.31404 1.98842 119.30542 4294.99,512 Pole. IChain. IMile. 21.69190 5.42297 - 780.90822 195.22705 2.44034 1) bt t?, Ij 1- I t-I (Z -i 8 — Z4?1 Z",,, AeofLn.Square Rod. Acre. -- A r e a of L a n d -Y a rd. _ _ _ _ IlShaku — i!th of Bu.. -- 0.03954 -1G a -ij -t o — 0.39538 ---- l Bu.or Tsubo6 shaku sq. -- 3.95383 - -- ISe. 30OBu.. - 118.61486 - -- I Tan... 300B1u.. 1186.14860 0.98029 - - '1 ChO...3000 Bu. -- 11861.48600 9.80288 2.45072 -- Japanese Weight and E h W a Measure.English Weight and Measure. Superfical Area. Square Line. Square Inch. Foot. quare. Foot. Yard. _.. lsquareM......... 0.00021 - - - 1,, in...... 0.02050 -_ _ 1,, Bu. 2.04966 - - 1,, Sun..... 204.96647 1.42338 -- 1,, Shaku...... 20496.64672 142.33783 0.98846 - - - - 1, J...... 2049664.67220 14233.78324 98.84572 10.98286 _ Cubic Area. Cubic Line. Cubic Inch. Fuboic Y a Foot. Yard. 1 Cubic M....... 0.00003_- - - 1, Rin...... 0.00293- - - 1, Bu...... 2.93443 - -_ 1, Sun....... 2934.43317 1.69817 - - 1,, Shaku...... 2934433.17300 1698.16749 0.98846 J...:.... - 1698167.4878098273591 3639763 Capacity. Gill. Pint Quart. Gallon. Peck. Bushel. 1 Shaku ith of 1 Sho... 0.12705 - 1 G lOth... 1.27050 1 Sh6 64827 Cubic Bu... 12.70508 3.17627 1.58814 1 To 10 Sho...... 127.05084 31.76271 15.88138 3.97034 - 1 Koku 100 Sho...... 1270.508401 317.6271.0 158.813551 39.70339 19.85169 4.96292...... ti z7 a-i 41 Z — GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 67 ~ CO, — < I I I I I CI co,.) CcO Q- ~'-. CO CO. ~M tso C: cc 0 r COto III 10 S L a? 1 1 14 _ CX t O CI1 I I 1 I C- - _O i o - ''c '- C O- C 1.bD I I I:, I d - -C "I o o' oZ I t cu Sg I: - _ i;S l - i n l: 10.3 afa~a~ow re ' <llS r< - Industry. Though there are great many kinds of Industrial pursuits, it will be well to classify it into Original and Introduced Industries. Original Industry is the industry that existed from ancient times. The principal industries are ceramics, weavings, embroideries, lacquer works, paper industry, metallic industry, leather works, wood and bamboo works, carvings, camphor producing, vegetable wax producing, salt making, sugar making, Sake brewing, soy brewing, oil producing, tobacco making, indigo ball producing, and raw silk producing. It seems these industries were first introduced from China and Corea, but the elapse of several hundred years obliterated the original trace, and there seems to have sprung up a new process. Their scope of working is generally small, and is worked with rude and simple instruments espe 68 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. cially in the fine arts industry and some others pertaining chiefly to the individual hand-work, the artisans apply their residences for the workshops, employ only a small number of apprentices. The process of manufacturing appears to be very tedious, but the tastes and magnificence of arts peculiar to Japan are acknowledged and admired through the world, and forms the inexhaustible source of wealth to the Empire. Introduced industry is the name given to the new industries brought over from Europe and America, the principal of them are cotton spinning, glass works, brick making, preparation of drugs and chemicals, cement works, wine brewing, ship-building, machinery, match, paper, and soap industries. These industries are generally carried on in large scale employing great many workmen, utilizing water and steam powers, so that no comparison can be made between the home industry. Specially since five or six years this kind of industrial influence spread all over the country, that in every industrial districts companies and factories rose up one after another, bristling with thousands of chimneys. Commerce. As the national policy has been that of seclusion from other countries, although intercourse had existed for' hundreds of years with China and Holland there was literally no communications with other countries, and the extent of the commerce was confined within the Empire. But even in this, the inconvenience of the transportation and communication, GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 69 and the surviving evils of the feudal system impeded the free development. The recent opening of trade and commerce with Europe and America, has changed the condition of commerce abruptly and at present the trade with foreign countries seems to grow more extensive year by year; and the maxim " in commerce, there is no state boundary," is now realized. The projects formed by the people and the encouragsments given by the government during these 20 years gradually began to show their effects, and the advantages derived from establishing the chambers of commerce, mercantile museums, commercial clubs, firms, banks, exchanges, markets, commercial corporations, and commercial schools, were by no msans small, and in 1890 there was the promulgation of the Commercial Code and as the time for its execution is drawing near, the scope of the commercial prospect will no doubt be gradually extended. 70 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CHAPTER II. FOREIGN TRADE. 1. FOREIGN TRADE BEFORE THE ANSEI PERIOD. What was the state of foreign trade of this country? Its ancient condition is to obscure to be traced, but as history substantiates, the first country of intercourse must be Corea. In ancient times, the construction of vessels being frail and cargoes being scanty, there is no doubt that regular commerce did not exist. Supposing there was a commerce, it was either carried on by the government and did not allow the people to trade, or it was the tribute of obeisance and not coimmerce, or again under the pretence of paying tribute, the barter was clandestinely carried on. In the 9th year of Emperor Chiuai, (200 A.D.) after the subjugation of Corea by Empress Jingo, the periodical tribute ship anchored in the harbour of Muko (present site of Hiogo) and private ships of Coreans also entered, so the commerce fairly began to take root in the harbours of Kinai, that literature and art, linen and silk, gold and silver, and tools were imported to the benefit of the people, and the prospect was quite prosperous. In the reign of Emperor Ankan (about 530 A.D.) it is said that the Corean silver coins circulated in the port of commerce, and they are said to be used in barter in the local district; and in FOREIGN TRADE. 1 the 2nd year of Jingo-Keiun (768 A.D.) it is said that the courtiers as well as the ministers were ordered to purchase the imported goods. By the above, it can be referred that the foreign trade of this country had actually begun in this period. In the 2nd year of Emperor Ninmyo (850 A.D.) Chinese merchant vessel came to Dazaifu, for what purpose it came is not exactly known, yet the fact is plainly stated in history. This is the first mentioning of the coming of Chinese vessel. In the 8th year of Emperor Seiwa (866 A.D.) Chinese vessel again came to Dazaifu and traded with the people, since that time, communications became more intimate and Chinese vessels flocked to the port. Some time before this, it is stated, an embassy was sent over to China to purchase medicines. About 890 A.D. Chinese Court (T'ang dynasty) began to decline, and the men of influence striving for power, disorder and conflict ensued. Upon this occasion, by the memorial of Sugawara Michizane to the Throne, the sending of Embassy to China was abolished, and official communications with China entirely ceased, but merchant's free transactions still continued. In the beginning of Tenki (about 900 A.D.) this was also prohibited; and afterwards imperial decree was passed to Dazaifu to receive the imported goods after close inspection. With the downfall of T'ang dynasty and the rise of Sung dynasty, the merchants came and offered presents accompanied by the letter of credentials to open the 72 CO1MMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. intercourse as before, yet the Government steadily refused. At this time the Tartars invaded the northern part of China and began to assume an alarming attitude to the safety of Sung dynasty, our merchants began the intercourse with them, but owing to some dispute having arisen between them, the Government prohibited the trade. In the 1st and 2nd year of Shoho (1074-1075), our merchants crossed over to Corea and traded. In the 2nd year of Shoryaku (1078) Fujiwara Chikamitsu escaped to Corea, and Coreans gave him estates and protected him. Upon Yoritomo's calling him back, Coreans loaded two ships with treasures sent him back. On the 4th year (1080) Shimadsu, chief of Satsuma sent ships to Corea and traded. In the 2nd year of Yeiho (1082) So, chief of Tsushima sent ships to Crea and traded. In the 1st year of Otoku (1084) the merchants of Chikuzen went over to Corea and traded. Corean trade began to be flourishing. In the reign of Emperor Toba (about 1110) the Chinese merchants tendering the letter of Chinese Emperor, arduously applied to open the friendly intercourse, but the tone of the letter being haughty and unceremonious, the government rejected it and returned no answer. Afterwards Taira Kiyomori restored the Chinese intercourse, repaired the port of Hiogo and warmly entertained the Chinese merchants in his villa at Fukuhara. At this time, the ports of Kiushiu swarmed with FOREIGN TRADE. 73 trading vessels, Imatsu in Chikuzen was principal port and at Bonotsu in Satsuma, the trade was also carried on and customs duty on Chinese goods were levied. With the down fall of Sung dynasty, Yuen dynasty succeeded and Kublai Khan who chose Peking for Capital, sent an embassy to resume the intercourse, but as the letter was deemed to be unceremonious, it was rejected. In the 4th year of Koan (1281) the Great Invasion of Yuen to this country took place. After that the trade with China was the private intercourse of merchants and priests, and never a ship officially sent, and accordingly the Corean commerce also declined. Meanwhile the War of Northern and Southern Court broke out, and money becoming scarce, the powerful feudal chiefs of several provinces sent trading ships to China and Corea on their own account. When the Tenryu temple was built by Ashikaga Takauji, his brother Tadayoshi with the advice of Soseki, the naturalized Chinese priest of the temple, sent merchant vessels in the 3rd year Kokoku (1342) and brought back valuable articles, this becoming to be customary every year people called it " Tenryuji vessel" and the intercourse between the two countries had begun again. i When Min dynasty, succeeded Yuen dynasty, the embassy was often sent to this country demanding the opening of friendly intercourse, but as the War 74 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. of the Northern and Southern Court was still raging, it was not complied with. About this time a Corean general having abolished the king, took the throne and changed the name to Chosen. As the charge of the Corean communication was intrusted to Ouchi, the chief of Yamaguchi, the Corean Embassy came to Ouchi to open the communication. Taking this opportunity Ashikaga Yoshimitsu sent an embassy to China, and China had also returned the ceremony. Upon the arrival of the Chinese embassy, Yoshimitsu went to Hiogo to receive it himself. The embassy was lodged in Kyoto and was kindly treated. He urged the merchants to trade with the Chinese merchants. So the trade of the two countries became again prosperous. Of the imported articles, not only the drugs and dyeing materials were important, but the brocade and embroideries and other clothes were indispensable to the nobles, the prices being enormous, the profits were accordingly great. The articles of exports being seal-skins, pepper, swords and spearheads, sapan-wood, sulphur, fans, lacquered wares, gold and copper. As the ports of export and import being principally in Kiushiu, there were many who made great riches in the secret trade with China and Corea. The discovery of America by Columbus in 1492 began to change the face of the world. In the 10th year of Tenbun (1541) a Portuguese merchant vessel having drifted to the island of Tanega FOREIGN TRADE. 75 shima, entered the Kagoshima harbour, at last arrived at Bungo. Otomo Yoshishige lodged them at the Jinguji. This is the first visit of Europeans that came round the Cape of Good Hope and through Indian Ocean. From this time, they came to trade in the Kiushiu ports bringing with them many curiosities which greatly suited the taste of our people. In the 17th year (1548) a Portuguese Missionary Xavier with two others came to Kagoshima. Shimadsu gave consent to the propagation of Christianity. Afterwards he went to visit Ouchi Yoshitaka at Yamaguchi asked for the same permission which Yoshitaka readily granted. Over 3,000 men were baptized within a year. Otomo Yoshishige also called Xavier to Bungo and was greatly devoted to him. Within a few years christian churches were erected in Yamaguchi, Funai, Hakata, and Hirado, and the destruction of shrines and temples commenced. From this time Jesuit sect having greatly increased, the trade with Portuguese merchants becoming thereby prosperous, Otomo, Shimadsu, Arima, Omura, Matsuura and other families all selected their best port to receive them. After the downfall of Ashikaga, Oda succeeded, and after it Toyotomi Hideyoshi having grasped the reign of the Empire, began to chastise Shimadsu in the 15th year Tensho. When he came to Hakata, some of the Jesuits staying at Nagasaki came to see him. Hideyoshi exasperated at the 76 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. haughtiness of their manners, seized upon and drove them out of the country. From this time persecution began, and the Portuguese merchants of Kiushiu began to fall off by degrees. After the expeditions to Corea, the intercourse with Ming ceased. Tokugawa Iyeyasu tried to restore it as it had been in the time of Ashikaga, and sent a letter to Ming through the hand of a Ming merchant, but it was declined to b3 forwarded. Iyeyasu sent letter again after the subjugation of Riukiu, but to no effect. Despite of heavy prohibition to intercourse with Japan, the merchants of Nanking, Fouken, Canton, who had derived great profit in the trade in former years, continued to come.. By the invasion of Tartars to the northen part, the power of Ming began to decline. Since the opening of Kiushiu to the Portuguese 60 years had passed when Spanish influence predominated over the Portuguese and Dutch merchants, but owing to the internal troubles in Spain and with the rise of the Protestants, continual war ensued. Spain weakened and Holland rose. In 1600, Dutch vessel, for the first time, came to the harbour of Sakai in the province of Idsumi. The vessel was ordered to be taken to Uraga and was destroyed there. Iyeyasu called the captain to Yedo and inquired about foreign affairs, and learning, for the first time, that there existed three great continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa (America was called New FOREIGN TRADE. 77. Spain at that time) he was resolved to open the communications on grand scale. From this time Luzon, England, Anam, Cambodia and other countries came. Iyeyasu interviewed the captains intrusting them his letters to their kings, and gave them the certificate for the trade. Our merchants too having obtained the certificate from the Shogun and went over to foreign countries to trade. Some of them made voyage even to America. People called these trading ships "Lincensed vessels " (Goshuin-bune). The article they purchased were cocoons, thread, cotton and silk, carpets, sugar, medicines, perfume-wood, vermillion, quicksilver, glass, feathers, tusks, jars, wine, and books. Those they sold were copper, copper-wares, umbrella papers, screens, sulphur, camphor, dyed linen and flour. In the 16th year of Keicho (1611) Dutchmen sent a memorial to Shogun intimating that those who profess christianity have treacherous motives. Iyeyasu, upon this, persecuted the missionaries, and prohibition was made still more strict. In the time of Iyemitsu the breakers of prohibition could not be checked, so the order was passed to reward the informant; going out of the country was prohibited; the " licensed ships" were stopped; construction of large vessel was prohibited. Those who disregard were put to death. With this the art of shipbuilding and navigation suddenly collapsed. The Dutch and Chinese alone were allowed to re 78 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. main, the rest were rejected. The ports of Akune in Satsuma, Hakata in Chikuzen, Goto, Hirado, Omura in Hizen were shut, Nagasaki alone was open. Spaniards having Luzon for the station, and the Portuguese having Java, and Sumatra in trading with Japan. Spanish ships were designated as " Nanbansen." Those two countries came and strenuously applied to restore the former relation, but they were rejected on account of their being Christians. In the time of Munetsuna (about 1560) English vessel came to open friendly intercourse, the Dutch, intercepting it, said that the queen of England was the daughter of the Portuguese king, upon this the English was rejected. The Portuguese vessel transported the wrecked people to Nagasaki, but it was ordered not to send back such people again, and was told to keep off. As there was no limit to the number of Chinese vessels and cargoes and there was limit to the amount of our product, moreover the export of gold was immense. In order to check the out-flow, the amount of Chinese trade was limited in the second year of Teikyo (1685), to six thousand Kwamme in silver, and that of the Dutch was fifty thousand rio in gold and during the Genroku period (1688-1703) the number of Chinese ships were limited to eighty, and that of the Dutch five. Notwithstanding this limitation the foreign merchants brought over large cargoes and traded on the open sea. The out-flow of gold still continued. Then it was FOREIGN TRADE. 79 ordered to limit the Chinese vessels to thirty and that of the Dutch to two, the price on goods were fixed and the amount of transaction to six thousand Kwanine to Chinese and three thousand Kwamme to the Dutch. The copper was limited to three hundred thousand catties for the Chinese and one hundred and fifty thousand catties for the Dutch. The certificate was issued to the privileged foreign merchants, the the rest was rejected, and order was passed to chiefs of Kiushiu to capture the smugglers. At first when the port of Nagasaki was opened the tariff was not levied, but in the year of Genroku (1688-1703) the customs tariff was fixed upon every articles of import, excepting those for the use of the government. The import of sugar, tobacco, haje were immense. Shogun Yoshimune tried to prevent it by transplanting them on the suitable soil, so the good production issues from this place. Since the method of giving certificates was actually carried on, the vessels from Cambodia ceased to come, the Shogunate intrusting the certificates to the Chinese merchants sent message to them to bring their goods. After some years Cambodians sent embassy to us with tribute, and requested to renew the commerce. The request was granted and certificate' was given but the tribute was not accepted. About this time the copper became very scarce, not being sufficient to meet the demand of foreign merchants. Thereupon the Chinese vessels were reduced 80 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. to twenty, and copper smelting place was established at Osaka and copper ores from all parts of the country were ordered to be sent here, but the copper was no less abundant. In the 1st year of Meiwa (1764) Chinese vessels were limited to thirteen, copper one hundred and thirty thousand catties, and that of the Dutch to be eight hundred thousand catties. Instruction was issued to prepare Namako, Haze, Awabi and Kombu for the purpose of export, and those who begin the trade were to be? free from the tax. Afterwards the Chinese vessels were lessened to ten and that of the Dutch to be one, copper six hundred thousand catties. Heretofore the captains had to visit Yedo to payr espect once a year, it was changed to once in five years. In the 1st year of Bunkwa (1804) Resanoff, the special ambassador from Russia came to Nagasaki and requested to open commerce as the Russian territory being quite close. The governor of Nagasaki lodged him in the house of a wealthy merchant and waited the Shogun's reply. Being refused, Resanoff went off. Three years later two: Russian vessels devasted the island of Yetorofu at last invaded Karafuto, being met by the guards of Nambu and Tsugaru, they fled. Upon this it was ordered to Sendai to garrison the coast of Yezo, and besides Tamura, the artillerist, was ordered to build forts on the coasts of Idsu, Sagami, and Awa. In the same year an English vessel entered Nagasaki by force, the guards could not prevent upon it. FOREIGN TRADE. 81 The captain sent letter to Matsudaira Yasuhide the Governor, who planned the attack, but the force being not sufficient, Matsudaira driven to shame, committed suicide. The Shogun punished Nabeshima Narinawo for the negligence. The principle of expulsion of Foreign began to take root from this instance. In the 15th year of Tempo, Dutch embassy came to Nagasaki, advising to open the country to all other powers, the Shogunate answered that it against the law of the family. The expulsion principle began to burst. In the 6th year of Kayei (1852) Commodore Perry with his squadron anchored off the port of Uraga, requesting to conclude the treaty of peace and friendship, with the letter of president and presents. The Shogunate promised to consider the case and the squadron retired. In July of the same year, the Russian Admiral Pontiatine came to Nagasaki with squadron, requested to determine the boundaries of Karafuto and to open the friendly intercourse, but as the satisfactory answer was not obtained he left after the stay of six months. The Dutch again informed the Shogunate that all the countries of Europe were about to send special embassies to demand the opening of the commerce. 2. FOREIGN TRADE AFTER THE ANSEI PERIOD. In January of 1884, Commondore Perry, again entered the harbour of Uraga, and urged the opening of friendly intercourse. Thereupon, in March of the 82 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. same year, the treaty of peace and friendship was concluded with condition to supply provisions, coal, and water at two ports, Shimoda and Hakodate, with Russia, England and France concluded the same treaty. In 1886, Harris, an American, arrived in our country, and after the prolonged consultation of two years, during which he made a several voyages to house and to our country, at length in the year 1858, the Shogunate concluded a temporary treaty with the United States, Russia, England, France, and Holland opening the five ports, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kanagawa, Hyogo, and Niigata. Afterwards, Shognate despatched a mission of amity and friendship, to five countries to reciprocate the written authentic treaty, and not long another one was sent with necessary instructions to prolong the opening date of Hyogo, Niigata, and other ports. In 1860 a treaty was concluded with Portugal and Prussia, and three years later with Switzerland, and in 1863, imperial decree was sent to the Shogunate of closing the ports against the foreign trade the conference was held about this order, but did not come to successful issue. Subsequently, another consultation to close up Yokohama, Nagasaki and HIakodate being opened as before, was held with all foreign envoys; but having failed again in this, the Shogunate petitioned the throne to obtain the Imperial sanction for the opening of the three ports to which Imperial consent reluctantly came. In 1866, a treaty was concluded with Belgium, FOREIGN TRADE. 83 Italy and Denmark, and a written agreement for the amendment of the Customs Tariff, was exchanged, and in 1867, the postponement of the opening term of Niigata port and Yedo (Tokyo) city was effected, and Teppozu in Yedo, Yebisu port, and Niigata port were assigned for the foreign settlement, and the Hyogo port and Osaka city were opened, and a new treaty was concluded with Russia. It was also in this year that the Shogunate, Satsuma, and Hizen despatched men with various kinds of articles to be exposed at the World's Fair opened in Paris. In 1868 Osaka which was the open city was changed to open port, and a treaty was newly concluded with Sweden, Norway, and Spain, and also the opening of Tokyo city and Niigata port was declared to all the foreign ministers, thereby the exportation of silk worm eggs, raw silk, and tea, to Europe and America considerably increased. Owing to the long rain of this year the crops of rice and corn failed and the importation of the foreign rice so greatly relieved the scarcity that the real benefit of the foreign trade was for the first time) appreciated by the public. At the time there was American vessels navigating between Nagasaki, Kobe, and Yokohama from Nagato-sea, affording great facility to the Japanese. More encouragement was given to the trade by the Government and along the coast in the dangerous places light-houses were constructed. In 1869, a treaty was concluded with Austro 894 OMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Hungary, and in 1871, with China and Hawaii, and it was in this year that Udaijin Iwakura Tomomi was appointed ambassadors and with a suite of the commissioners from every Executive Departments to the countries of Europe and America. About this time, the attention of the Japanese was turned to the foreign affairs, and the western science and arts began to diffuse. The number of Japanese passengers to foreign countries increased more and more, and as the incessant improvement and extention of all systems, industries, manufacture, etc., were effected, such as the purchase of men-of-war, coaches, rails, boilers, lighthouse lamps, machines, instruments, apparatus, and books became more numerous. Meanwhile, the necessary internal organizations being gradually effected resident Minister and Consuls were sent to capitals and ports of every treaty countries in order to protect and encourage those traders and navigators of the Empire. In 1873, treaty with Peru was concluded and in the same year China opened Tientsin and Newchwang to foreign trade. In this year World's Fair was opened at Vienna, a minister-resident accompanied by artisans and merchants was sent there to expose the native works of the Empire. It was a great credit to the sagacious and skillful manufactures who, while retaining the inherent tastes of the Empire, adopted the foreign arts with caution, while the foreign mania raged every FOREIGN TRADE. where and everything was manufactured in the imitation of foreign articles. The Empire entered into the Universal Postal Convention in 1874, and in 1875 Mitsubishi Kwaisha opened the mail packet service to Shanghai calling at every treaty ports. The company has greatly extended the service ever since. The competition with American Mail Steamship Company continuing for several months, at last ended in the purchase of four vessels of that Company. Mitsubishi became the indisputable lord on the Japanese waters. In the saime year the Empire entered into the International Telegraph Convention. In 1876, treaty of peace and friendship with Corea was concluded. The World's Fair was opened at Philadelphia this year an 3 as there were great number of persons wishing to exhibit the various articles, the government, for the purpose of encouraging and patronizing them, despatched the officials accompanied by the exhibiters. Kiritsu Koshokwaisha opened the business house of direct export, in New York after the close of the World's Fair. About that time some one opened two or three shops in the same city. In 1878 entered into the Universal Postal Congress of Paris, and Specie Bank established in Yokohama in 1839, commenced the foreign exchange to afford the facility to the foreign trade in the direct export of several commercial firms, 86 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. and the sale of the goods manufactured at home was entrusted to the Company's agency in New York. About this time the most prevalent opinion was that, to check the import of the foreign articles, it was indispensable to improve and develope the manufacture and industry of cotton threads, matches, straw works, and paper. The excess of exported goods to that of the imported since 1882 proved that the trade is becoming more and more prosperous, and in 1883, to stimulate the trade with Corea, free admittance and discharging in Izugahara, Shimonoseki, and Hakata ports besides treaty ones, was previleged to the vessels in possession of the Japanese. A treaty was entered into with Siam in 1887, and with Mexico in the following year, and in 1889, to facilitate the exports of rice, wheat flour to abroad, from Yokkaichi, Shimonoseki, Hakata, Moji, Kuchinotsu, Karatsu, Misumi, Fushiki, and Otaru which being the special exporting. To these specially exporting ports were added Kushiro, and to the ports trading with Corea, Sasuna, and Shishimi. It is now more than thirty years since the treaty with America, England, Russia, Holland, and France was concluded and the whole number of the countries in treaty at different times was twenty, and the mutual friendship with each of them is every year becoming more intimate, while the trade is pressing inward in prosperous condition. Table of the Comparison of the Total Value of the Imported & Exported Commodities. Imported..Exported. Year. GrandTotal. FYea oreign Home oi. Home Foreign Total Production. Production. Production. Production...e... yen. yen 1868 10,693,072 1869 20,783,633 1870 33,741,637 1871 21,916,728 1872 26,174,815 1873 28,107,390 1874 23,459,572 1875 29,975,552 1876 23,964,541 1877 27,420,093 1878 32,834,346 1879 32,835,795 1880 36,620,415 1881 31,128,125 1882 29,441,453 1883 28,43,939 1884 29,626,782 1885 29,327,498 1886 32,099,748 1887 44,276,327 1888 65,416,235 1889 66,041,584 1890 81,670,354 1891 62,880.671 yen 2,242 728 138 810 40,488 116,707 5,185 63,120 5,141 12,902 45,866 29,470 68,684 27,924 38,999 62,182 58,226 46,598 yen 10,693,072 20,783,633 33,741,637 21,916,728 26,174,815 28,107,390 23,461,814 29,975,628 23,064,679 27,420,903 32,874,834 32,953,002 36,626,601 31,191,246 29,446,594 28,444,842 29,672,647 29,356,968 32,168,432 44,304,252 65,455,234 66,103,767 81,728,581 62,927,268 yen 15,553,473 12,908,978 14,543,013 17,968,609 17,026,647 21,142,015 18,782,321 17,968,006 27,225,295 22,977,225 25,565,059 27,505,669 27,418,346 30,282,564 37,448,338 35,809,612 33,065,662 36,146,701 48,003,798 51,547,407 64,891,683 69,306,894 55,791,847 78.738,059 yen 490,126 534,985 643,105 486,233 357,296 270,481 327,426 444,328 330,655 273,413 458,408 805,803 999,991 872,515 860,274 813,827 753,812 811,659 789.21.9 yent 15,553,473 12,908,978 14,543,013 17,968,609 17,026,647 21,635,441 19,317,306 18,611,111 27,711,528 23,348,521 25,988,140 28,175,770 28,395,387 31,058,888 37,721,751 36,268,020 33,871,466 37,146,691 48,876,313 52,407,681 65,705,510 70,060,706 56,603,506 79,527,272 I i yen 26,226,645 33,692,611 48,284,650 39,885,336 43,201,462 49,742,831 42,779,120 48,586,738 51,676,206 50,769,425 58,862,974 61,128,773 65,021,988 62,250,134 67,168,345 64,712,861 63,544,113 66,503,659 81,044,745 96,711,933 131,160,744 136,164,472 138,332,087 142,454,541 4) t~i Note: aince tte year 1ab8, the value oi coulllodities iS given in silver yen, the value of imlortations fiom gold countries being converted into silver at the average rate of exchange.. S CCOJIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN, Table of the Total Value of the Commodities Importel from Various Foreign Countries.. Countries. Australia......... Austria....... Belgium......... British America... China and Hongkong Corea...... Denmark........ East Indian and Siam France...... German......... Great Britain...... Hawai......... Holland......... Italy........... Peru........... Philippine Group... Portugal........ Russia...... Spain........... Sweden and Norway Switzerland.......' 1873 1874 1875 1876 yens.. ft n?/enl. *...... inish) 9,881,533 2,489,270 2,040,263 11,907,182 I I 8,665,716 1,745,242 728,745 10,520,490 I 8,200,382 3,922,591 813,506 14,689,728 29,519 I 7,472,055 3,171,956 384,076 11,117,277 28,832 _ _ Turkey........ U.S. /years to 1886. S. N. A. luding Briti America. Other Countries... Total...... 1,017,761 1,047,250 1,920,346 1,124,882 771,381 751,373 399,556 665,601 28,107,390 23,461,816 29,975,628 23,964,679 L Note: Those of the years preceding to 1873 are obscure. The value for ship's use is excluded FOREIGN TR4DF, Continued: 1877 yen. 63,474 5,674,540 190,528 3,031,037 700,981 15~699,111 63,394. —, 41,560 1,736,781 239,497 27,420,903 1878 yen. 23,238 19,757 190,363 4,784,194 13,965 819,931 3,348,811 1,280,645 19,273,067 14 164,040 118,133 611 9,288 10,452 10,752 66,790 4,869 2,727,585 8,341 32,874,836 1879 yen. 78,442 12,351 159,789 5,865,350 12,293 1,591,039 3,499,277 1,174,182 16,868,965 998 19,381 112,999 808 1,921 10,280 25,936 10,563 260,831 105 3,212,298 35,220 32,953,003 1880 yen. 38,080 8,523 363,029 5,846,227 30,506 1,750,977 3,759,542 1,745,067 19,626,430 50 18,094 159,010 1,945 8,593 16,658 5,052 530,134 777 2,669,334 48,573 36,626,601 1881 1882 yen. yen. 71,327 74,302 5,098 5,871 389,538 128,932 5,503,441 6,553,201 10,814 13,408 2,212,964 2,306,223 3,195,655 1,164,460 861,921 1,196,268 16,402,382 13,971,859 8,468 12,415 177,110 112,290 - 20,768 893 990 74,844 18,321 17,079 18,063 2,058 1,171 376,590 322,001 13,090 10,308 1,816,200 3,133,666 51,723 82,079 31,191,246 29,446,596 '- --- - 09 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN, Continued: Countries. 1883 1884 188 1886 1 1, yel ye,. yen. yen. Australia...... 91,160 26,424 72,104 80,466 Austria......... 6,533 10,190 5,091 9,605 Belgium...... 68913 202,653 317,683 507,909 British America..... - - China and Hongkong...5,768,226 7,019,996 6,342,198 7,123,851 Corea.............. 408,005 470,609 563,448 Denmark........ 14,844 15,961 23,386 31,348 East Indian and Siam...2,455,619 2,350,909 3,398,698 3,561,319 France.........1,891,042 1,587,541 1,333,880 1,330,914 German...........1,421,612 2,315,869 1,671,990 2,313,659 Great Britain......... 12,775,124 12,758,807 10,456,611 12,703,249 Hawai........... - 22 - Holland......... 15,474 17,805 20,105 44,749 Italy............. 155,964 91,177 95,998 119,558 Peru............ 4,844 2,158 2,295 5,536 Philippine Group..... - - Portugal........... 2,672 2,179 963 2,677 Russia..... 22,605 12,488 13,451 13,146 Spain........... 17,385 17,705 29,901 39,371 Sweden and Norway.. 1,417 1,024 2,496 2,133 Switzerland........ 253,093 294,772 306,255 263,446 Turkey............ 239 68 5,088 182 U.S.N.A. eluding British) 3,233,032 2,489,970 2,751,321 3,358,987 America. / Other Countries..... 65,045 46,554 36,824 92,881 Total...... 28,444,845 29,672,254 29,356,96932,168,434 7FORZION TLRADE, Continued: 1887 1888 1889 1890 n i Iyn yen. 32,266 27,074 322,196 26,174 7,985,821 1,010,374 73,909 5,291,614 2,313,346 4,010,916 18,970,544 42,018 163,774 1,185 130,995 1,846 19,146 36,271 9,844 507,581 377 3,283,096 43,887 yen. 218,713 49,765 596,160 25,109 10,360,135 1,041,764 85,191 7,724,788 4,125,190 5,260,897 28,693,567 1,872 128,290 200,133 2,036 213,169 4,691 332,525 11,410 10,379 659,607 4,271 5,643,734 56,838 yen. 267,085 19,572 887,137 29,970 13,303,401 1,273,332 113,030 7,361,728 3,334,168 4,887,900 26,067,935 5,261 47,002 144,668 5,764 227,486 5,855 825,254 41,000 26,976 765,008 31 6,143,141 321,034 yen. 334,239 24,151 1,032,351 25,659 14,345,598 4,363,540 75,075 9,136,701 3,869,332 6,856,956 26,619,102 267 23,210 128,744 11,138 255,486 6,372 769,948 19,877 1,494 858,610 588 6,874,532 6,095,612 81,728,582 688,958 20,835 13,888,034 4,032,922 41,914 5,642,550 2,834,025 5,127,476 19,996,051 26,362 44,341 111,887 5,349 228,481 6,431 884,621 53,602 6,393 549,970 436 6,040,048 1,640,126 62,927,267.. -I.. 44,304,254 65,455,234 66,103,738 6610373 - --------- 92 COMM3ERCE.AND INDUSTRY IN JAPA4N. Table of the Total Value of the Commodities Exported to the Various Foreign Countries. Countries. 1873 1874 1875 1876 ye yn. yen. yen. Australia......... - - Austria........... Belgium........ - - British Americe.... - i - - China (iHnc ng) 1 4,786,006i 3,655,011 4,186,5501 4,764,054 Corea...........- -I - Denmark.............| - - - East India and Siam....... France........ 3,625,847 2,759,496 3,531,427 7,578,017 German........ 169,755 62,719 19,855 23,743 Great Britain........ 5,169,153 3,232,665 2,513,007 7,045,739 Hawaii............ - - Holland......... Italy......... 2,265,481 647,658 530,770 1,705,549 Peru......... Philippine Group...... - Portugal......... Russia........ Spain:........... Sweden and Norway. - Switzerland...... - Turkey......... - - S. N. c inyears to 18g86 in U A.SAluding British 4,226162 7,464,844 6,890,132 5,787,825 \ America. / Other Countries...... 982,969 1,079,579 139,690 207,690 Total......... 21,225,373 18,901,972 17,811,431 27,122,617 Note: Those of the years preceding to 1873 are obscure. FOREIGN TRADE. 93 Continued: -",,, 1877 1878 1879 yen. yen. yen. 26,359 254,867 79,807 1,136 21,125 17,976 - 175 260 5,015,928 6,551,868 5,982,327 - 146 80 332,748 2,455,538 216, 86 4,868,943 5,427,797 5,807,976 56,973 68,001 49,014 6,319,522 3,903,401 4,082,204 380 80 - 8,527 15,167 787,204 682,927 540,896 - 44,815 - - 10 22,322 90,584 56,395 - 31,955 399 - 27 - - 30,E73 69,702 - 48 35 5,232,322 5,845,068 10,879,053 238,698 66,824 19,790 22,902,155 25,484,746 27,853,457 1880 yen. 179,645 43,512 300 6,320,573 248 123,352 5,425,088 34,944 2,596,667 228 7,208 817,278 106,678 5,365 57,800 2,85C 12,041,151 6,079 27,768,974 1881 1882 yen. yen 148,933 160,333 96,080 121,349 3,806 793 6,302,013 5,504,218 - 100 126,700 362,008 8,337,167 10,317,344 181,597 461,501 3,552,118 4,997,356 - 2,534 5,837 8,985 403,315 352,218 84,591 102472 861 42,0C0 150 - 729 21,728 4,840 1,698 11,087,556 14,280,199 12,601 27,271 30,349,338 36,771,167 -- 94 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Countries. 1883 1884 1885 1886 en. yen.s yen. yen., Australia........... Austria............ Belgium......... British America...... China /Hongkong China (included Corea............ Denmark........ East India and Siam. France........ German............ Great Britain...... Hawaii......... Holland........... Italy......... Peru.............. Philippine Group...... Portugal........... Russia............ Spain............ Sweden and Norway Switzerland......... Turkey........... r k. /'year' to 186 in:\ U. S. N.. A.(eluding British) \Ameria / Other Countries...... yen. 438,608 23,827 6,950 5,825,722 412,600 9,718,599 250,866 4,862,188 9,443 3,853 141,117 185,608 1,509 1,984 1,295 yen. 246,020 76,379 3,362 6,547,611 337,670 536,163 6,801,158 516,942 3,830,684 5 2,818 68,039 20 164,946 2,440 655 6,260 3,822 yen. 285,018 24,741 68,270 8,234,616 460,694 306 493,817 6,739,925 470,271 2,453,168 15,213 42,526 120,594 316,550 50 1,180 44,060 1,378 yen. 469,915 156,316 8,438 9,594,907 829,316 465 649,143 9,632,903 864,459 4,195,356 25,431 71,788 181,201 900 231,696 1,718 289 18,973 778 19,988,217 419,512 13,293,759 13,130,924 15,639,005 22,111 383,689 372,025 Total......... 35,200,039132,659,607T35,783,407 47,341,722 FOREIGN TRADE. 95 Continued:1837 1888 1889 1890 1891 _,. I.....,,. yen. yen. yn yen. yen. 535,082 638,395 486,397 795,044 757,101 288,735 296,054 339,475 307,108 291,566 23,816 30,083 73,709 64,021 69,376 714,175 857,324 826,962 1,022,815 1,342,667 10,970,014 11,426,714 12,780,403 14,593,901 18,404,546 551,908 707,175 1,092,996 1,250,713 1,466,040 465 534 13 90 846 453,472 473,102 1,352,263 612,087 989,001 9,528,397 13,636,251 14,258,726 8,354,394 15,120,075 921,723 1,617,565 1,638,383 846,921 1,456,596 3,478,729 8,710,013 7,664,599 5,638,980 5,633,137 10,655 7,742 12,832 25,240 66,482 30,308 94,484 340,373 18,439 15,301 554,976 705,989 736,101 214,291 754,780 - - 847 - - 6,977 67,705 23,628 197,249 117,460 - 850 490 1,206 442 202,087 288,982 430,814 246,311 315,837 - 800 2,860 7,137 12,732 242 491 50 12 417 237,708 355,915 139,625 11,128 259,036 3,090 6,387 9,113 3,429 2,916 21,529,267 22,618,483 25,282,874 19,821,438 29,795,755 510,668 1,137,576 929,598. 859,644 1,043,518 50,551,524 63,680,614 68,423,13.1 54,891,598 77,915,627 Comparative Table Showing the Total Value of Specie and Bullion Exported from and Imported into Japan in Each Year from 1873 to 1891. Imported. Exported. -------------— j ----- -c --- —--— < Year. Gold Coin Silver Coin Gold Coin Silver Coin a,nd Bullion. and Bullion. otal. and Bullion. and Bullion. ota ---- -------------- -1- ---------------- --------- F yen. yen. yn. n. y. yen. yen., 1873 2,013,907 1,066,635 3,080,542 1 2,614,055 2,508,872 5,122,927 ci 1874 2,700 1,069,031 1,071,731 8,126,290 5,868,912 13,995,202 1875 26,515 271,807 298,322 10,603,345 4,060,626 14,663,971 1876 721,465 7,545,776 8,267,241 1d 5,872,356 4,803,345 10,675,701 1877 162,281 2,011,218 2,173,499 1i 6,221,777 3,219,494 9,441,271 1878 243 2,188,858 2,189,101;| 4,601,083 3,727,570 8,328,653 1879 731,666 2,403,138 3,134,804. 4,749,635 8,029,229 12,778,864 1880 20,618 3,617,612 3,638,230! 5,888,174 7,334,819 13,222,993 1881 150 1,855,997 1,856,147 1i 2,246,889 5,243,658 7,490,547 1882 500 6,160,224 6,160,724 1,251,035 3,179,162 4,430,197 1883 559 5,450,942 5,451,501 I 1,009,570 2,146,995 3,156,565 1884 299,202 5,312,557 5,611,759 j 1,423,654 3,581,418 5,005,072 1 1885 608,813 6,938,028 7,546,841 492,636 3,763,809 4,256,445 1886 1,159,468 8,012,405 9,171,873 1 302,542 9,323,905 9,626,447 1887 1,259,527 7,611,739 8,871,266 86,236 10,949,252 11,035,488 1888 1,203,252 7,529,239 8,732,491 450,284 7,383,160 7,833,444 1889 749,924 13,423,322 14,173,246 268,010 4,920,520 5,188,530 1890 360,242 840,365 1,200,607 1,687,606 12,090,926 13,778,532 1891 283,144 13,605,382 13,888,526 230,446 1,222,518 1,452,964 Note: Since the year 1888 the yen appealrs in Silver, but in tle former years it comprises both Gold and Silver. The Table Showing the Total Value of the -Species and Bullions Imported from the Various Foreign Countries. Countries.;Great Britain.. U. S. of N. A. German Corea China. Russia.... Hawaii. H1ongkoing.. Britishfndia. France Other Countries... Tot-al. 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887.1888 1889 1890 1891 yenl. 287,700j 1,836,780 yen. 753 2,335,667 4,027,711., 8,52,1 3,066,020 3,860i 45,200 yen..867,"771 2,964,208 850 494,773 1,194,052 877 88,206 1,022 838,52( 677,301 2,924 97,265 1,0922,360.2,019,998 5,200 825 73] yen. 2,161,012 3,7169,80tr yen. 2,089,199 3,964,718 yen. -1,390,745 2,851,465 1,250,732 375,114 3,210 yjen. 1,2052,484 4,893,03'i 1,246,473 1,321,511 10,300 7,030 1,656 Yen. 0,326,901 6,613,342 910,582 160,030 1,790 110,600 50,000 196,383 45 4,677 3 69, 120 177,821 2,600 yen. 6,569,272, l1,829,49( 299,85 1 3,495,623 252,203 1,441,000 1,080 6,160,724 5D,451,50015,611,75917,546,84119,171,873I8S,871,26618,732,4992 14,173,246' 1,200,607I13,888,526 Table Showing the Total Value of the Species and Bullions Exported to the Various Foreign Countries. Countries. 1882 1883 yen. yen. East India... 533,890 114,000 China...... 3,392,886 2,303,744 Corea...... - GreatBritain 5,695 6,806 Russia... 10,500 65,149 Uuited States of N.A A 487,010 666,817 jHongkong... - German.. France...j 217 48 Other Countries...... Total...;,430,198 3,156,564 I- ---- — --- —— "1 ---cll- ~I o.. _.. — 1884 1 1885 1886 1887 1888 1 1889 1890 i 1891 yen. yen. yen. 1,305,109 1,312,700 5,028,063 2,826,918 2,506,65414,297,841 8,486 23,1201 81,250 15,342l 188,2951 18,003 40,395 19,694: 29,280 808,8061 205,7671 172,005 - 215 - 50 01264924 15i - 5,005,071 4,256,445i 9,626,445 yen. 9,152,000 1,656,226 101,600 74,254 18,650 13,758 19,000 11,035,488 yen. 5,159,700 2,104,759 112,182 344,806 63,044 58,952 7,833,444 yen. 3,567,000 1,040,388 45,342 197,038 9,36( 85,242 246,160 5,188,529 yen. yen. 11,409,928 936,062 432,1991 208,750 68,8991 53,098! 1,666,6721 164,916 18,351 15,699 4,895 54,2911 120,500 10,961 50,980 6,918 6,098 2,299 13,778,531 _ I ~ I 1,452,964' 1 FOREIGN TRADE. < Comparative Table of the Merchant Vessels Entered from Foreign Countries. Steamer. Sailing Vessels. Totl. Year. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1873 273 441,567 298 124,909 571 566,476 1874 258 423,793 242 90,571 500 514,364 1875 307 477,371 202 89,293 509 566,664 1876 317 472,956 236 101,504 553 574,460 1877 260 434,330 286 131,512 546 565,842 1878 286 452,894 378 207,478 664 660,372 1879 260 407,199 322 173,725 582 580,924 1880 398 529,069 295 162,290 693 691,359 1881 474 584,420 250 129,910 724 714,330 1882 566 661,095 274 140,301 840 801,396 1883 535 681,987 274 158,477 809 840,464 1884 652 734,243 450 125,365 1,102 859,608 1885 711 769,374 398 112,984 1,109 882,358 1886 806 907,657 460 125,039 1,266 1,032,696 1887 850 1,022,157 551 107,602 1,401 1,129,759 1888 960 1,227,936 624 110,634 1,584 1,338,570 1889 1,079 1,339,910 715 129,676 1,794 1,469,586 1890 1,180 1,509,498 997 145,3977 2,177 1,654,895 1891 1,285 1,603.599 968 138,406 2.253 1.742,005 100 COMMEIRCE AND INDUSLTRY' IN JAPAN. Comparative Table of the Merchant Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries. Steamer. SailingiVessels. Totl. Year. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. 1873 276 432,411 245 87,929 521 520,348 1874 252 414,338 210 90,732 4621 505,070 1875 275 427,221 194 80,590 469 507,812 1876 312 469,46' 252 107,354 564 576,823 1877 257 431,88' 262 118,584 519 550,471 1878 276 441,292 352 187,164 628 628,456 1879 63 418,541 332 183,064 595 601,605 1880 281 511,08' 298 163,048 679 674,137 1881 485 597,75C 240 123,354 725 721,110 1882 56 666,027 261 132,616 827 798,643 1883 544 694,47T 289 164,603 831 859,082 1884 656 738,145 492 128,829 1,146 866,974 1885 720 783,43 401 115,526 1,121 898,963 1886 810 911,984 473 124,460 1,283 1,036,444 1887 839 1,015,101 581 110,349 1,420 1,125,450 1888 963 1,230,605 634 105,985 1,597 1,336,590 1889 1,061 1,320,221 682 122,013 1,743 1,442,234 1890 1,093 1,381,581 1,060 159,705 2,153 1,541,286 1891 1173 1,477,54( 1,068 137,253 2,241,6U,799 Comparative Table Showing the Merchant Vessels Entered from Each Country. STEA MERS. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. Countries. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. Japan..... 171 162,306 206 214,165 283 302,170 365 329,196 410 349,658 Belgium..... 4 2,232 8 4,464 - - - - Great Britain. 272 419,649 341 543,221 382 627,119 492 819,439 467 786,347 China......,, 3 2,443 7 6,222 3 3,257 - - Corea...... 3 711 1 237 4 944 4 741 2 472 Denmark... 19 14,221 1 397 - - - - Holland.... 2 297 - - -- - - 2 1,344 France..... 33 58,674 32 77,587 33 69,619 26 62,946 26 62,657 German... 238 185,953 269 214,757 277 198,407 225 194,940 233 212,196 Norway..... 40 50,830 31 38,158 36 20,204 26 20,556 75 86,965 Russia...... 24 34,265 24 34,485 25 32,426 22 27,860 36 36,179 Siam........ 1 -35 -- - - - Spain........... Switzerland... -.- - - - - - United States. 41 90,576 39 94,008 36 85,764 20 54,020 21 56,295 Austria......... - - 12 9,132 Italy...... - - - - - 1 2,354 Total... 850 11,022,157 960 1,227,936 1,079 11,339,910 1,180 1,509,498 1,285 1,603,599 Comparative Table Showing the Merchant Vessels Entered from Each Country. SAILING VESSELS..,,. I 1 Countries. Japan.... Japanese Junk Australia. Austria. Bolivia...... Great Britain China... Corea.... No. 128 329 1 46 887. Ton. 20,048 4,494 441 37,613 i No. 112 1888. Ton. 13,112 1889. Denmark... 1 240 Holland - France..... German... 15 6,682 Hawaii........ - Italy......... 1 902 Norway... Russia......... 1 35 Siam......... Sweden...... Switzerland - United States.. 28 36,875 rTotal... 551 107,602 I I 420 5,918 1 573 51 47,986 1 96 1 290 1 418 - - 3) I 37,507 624 i 110,634 No. -NO 142 466 1 47 13 2 19 44 715 Ton. 18,655 7,394 1,418 37,743 8,534 272 1 - I120 55,812 129,676 1 No. 156 742 50 1890. Ton. 23,510 14,029 52,412 10,165 210 148 44,923 1891. No. Ton. 116 19,051 761 14,773 53 62,944 1 1,060 5 3,861 2 1,709 1 1,398 2 140 27 33,470 968 138,406 11 3 33 997 I 145,397 1.. Comparative Table Showing the Merchant Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries. STEAMERS. Countries. Japan...... Belgium.. Great Britain... China...... Denmark.... Holland.... France...... German... Norway..... Russia Spain Switzerland.. United States... Corea... Austria. Italy...... Total...... 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 I __! - I I.I- I - - I I No. Ton. No. Ton. I I__ 175 4 266 3 19 33 231 40 25 40 3 165,710 2,232 414,946 2,443 14,603 57,849 180,684 50,830 34,978 90,497 711 202 8 342 7 2 31 273 32 23 39 4 -- 210,076 4,464 547,618 6,222 1,165 75,042 278,373 39,495 33,772 94,008 370 No. 295 369 4 33 278 36 26 36 4 Ton. 293,699 607,379 4,468 70,980 203,122 20,204 33,661 85,764 944 I No. 361 421 26 214 23 22 20 2 Ton. 325,822 710,607 63,160 182,346 17,294 27,860 54,020 472 I I No. O.370 425 2 26 215 68 33 21 3 9 1 Ton. 324,074 1,337,770 1,344 62,418 192,834 78,976 34,527 56,295 708 6,849 2,354 1-TI 0 1!1!141 11" t4 6 4 -t —, tzi I I I I I I --- --- - - - -- I I! ~ I I --- I I! — -! 8,39 1015,101 963 1,230,605 1,061 1,320,221 1,093 1,381,581 1,173 11,477,546 Comparative Table of the Merchant Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries. SAILING \ESSELS. 1887.1888.1889. 1890. 1891. Countries. -- - - So. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. No. Ton. Japan..... 133 19,918 107 11,643 156 19,972 152 22,887 140 181,957 Japanese Junk... 353 4,841 436 5,96) 422 7,365 802 15,748 835 15,491 Bolivia.....1 441 - - -. - - Great Britain t. 5 41,054 5 42.)80 4L 42,28 52 55,507 51 56,596 Denmark...... 1 240 1 290 - - - - German...... 1 6,513 8 3,984 12 6,197 12 12,502 5 3,881 Norway...... 1 272 I 418 - - - 1 1,398 United States..1 27 37,067 32I 38,780 36 43 656 37 42,717 32 39,101 Australia... - 1 573 - Corea... -.... - - - Russia.... -...1. 3 3 2() 2 140 Austria...... - 1 1,418 - - - Sweden...... - - 2 120 2 134 Italy.... - _ _ _ 2 1,709 Total... 581 1i,1(0,:349 (;3 05985 682 122.013 |1.060 159,705,)6 1 137,2553 COMMODITIES EXPOR'TED FROM i' IMPORTED TO. 105 CHAPTER 111III. COMMODITIES EXPORTE)D FROM AND IMPORTED TO. 1. PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM.. The area of the Empire is larger than that of the Great Britain, and smaller than that of France, with a number of population nearly equal to France and greater than that of Great Britain. The soil is fertile the climate is mild, and the people are sharp and industrious. Not only it abounds in natural products but it also has quite a variety such as, rice, wheat, peas, and other corn, radish, ginseng, onion, and other greens, tea, potatoes, indigo leaves, cocoons, rapeseed, cotton, tobacco leaves, persimmons, sweet oranges, grapes and other fruits, cattle, horses, and other domestic animals, hemp, flax, charcoal, fuels, all kinds of papyrus plant, Mitsulnata-plant, Gampi paper, mulberry leaves, silk worms, flass-silk, sugar-cane, Shiitake or mushroom, bamboo, timber, fruits of Haze plant, lacquer sap, fowls and other poultries, in agricultural productions, and salt, dried sardine, pressed ground of herring, fish oil, Kanten or colle vegatale, salmon, salmon-trout, mackerel, Akaye, sardine, tunnv fish, bonito, and other green and salted fishes, dried bonito, cod, cuttle fish, shrimps, Awabi (shell-fish), mussel Mate-kai, dried tunny fish, Gomame, Aji, turbot, beche de mer, shark's fins, Agemaki, Kaino 106 COMM111RCE A4 ND INI)USTIRY IN JAPAN. hashira, and other dried fishes, Konbu, Aramne, Funori, Tsunomata, Nori, Wakame, Hijiki, Tokoroten, and other sea-weeds snd moss, in marine products, gold, silver, copper, kerosene oil, iron, coal, sulphur, stone, limestone, and antimony, in mineral production, and camphor, sulphuric acid, sugar, all kinds of oil, white wax, soap, Sumi and other paints, indigo ball and other dyeing materials, ronge, face powder, and other toilet materials, matches, porcelain and earthen wares, bricks, tile, cement, glass wares, bamboo and wood wares, closonne, wares of gold, silver, copper, bronze and other metals, lacquered wares, mattings of all kinds, straw works, hides, leathers, and leathern wares, bones, horns, tortoise-shells, tusks, and couchshell manufactures, writing and painting brushes of all kinds, implements of carpenters, smiths and other mechanics, silk thread, cotton thread, hemp thread, plaited ribbons, silk, cotton, hemp, and other fabrics, Sashiko, dyed cloths, knittings, towels, wooden clogs, papers, paper manufactures, arms, round fans, fans, umbrella, paper lanterns, toys, cut tobacco, Sake, spirits, soys, beer, wine, and other liquors in industrial manufactures. As they are produced and manufactured everywhere in the Empire, have innumerable varieties and species and their quantities are enormous, they form the principal resource of the national wealth. Especially, since the trading with foreign countries had been opened the export steadily increased, so that there are now at least more than 300 varieties. Though the COI3MODITIES EX'PORTED 'IFROM IMPORTED TO'0. 107 quantity of the production, and the total value appear comparatively small, a summary of the extention of the producing districts and the rise and fall of the exports, is given below together with the names of chief exporters and manufactures. CLASS 1. RICE, BARLEY, WHEAT, FLOUR AND PULSE. Rice. The rice is one of the most important of the agricultural productions of the Empire, and is cultivated and produced in every parts of the whole country as it is the staple food of the people. Niigata, Chiba, Toyama, Aichi, Ibaraki, Nagano, Miye, Shiga, Ishikawa, Fukushima, Yamagata, Akita, Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Hiroshima, Miyagi, and Shizuoka, are the chief prefectures noted for the plentiful production, and Hizen, Higo, Buzen, Bungo, Chikuzen, Suwo, Nagato, Bizen, and Harima are noted provinces celebrated for the best rice suitable to the export. There is a distiction made in the export rice, that is, uncleaned rice, and rice refined by pounding in a machine, and the market price is usually set on each hundred catties in the time of transaction. The total value of its export amount to six or seven million yen, and it is chiefly exported from Kobe to England, the foremost of all, next comes the United States, Germany, Hongkong, France, Australia, and other countries. The following table shows the total quantity and 103 (OM33IEIRCE AND INDUSTPRY IN JA4PAN_. value of rice exported to various foreign countries. Countries. 1887 11888 Australia picul yen Austria P..{cl Belgium.. cu Britisl {iu British India piu yen Corea a. u (Picul German yen Graneat Brtin 5 yen Holland Pieu) >yen Gron Bitan~ ~P1cuI ~yen Hai....Picul~ ~yen Group... yen Italy.....picul UniipitedSas5 picul Group yen Other picul Countries..yen Total 5 icul yen: I 138,l24 428,45'i 14,198 ~42,594 2, 5 0, 7, 7 0 5 52,19'2 125,46( 2,94( 6,46C 111,73( 286,081 38,675 117,960 163,4.74 383,648 2_67,36c 6419,52s151 45C 14,380 206,034 3,36C 6,720 34,219 75,247 44,716 98, 180~ 1.68 583 1,255,1 13 171,049, 465,259c 105,64~ 18,061 45,3541 6,521, 19,484 25,26( 51,71 1I 729,531c 359,87h 245,75( 686,738 425,884 913,961 t,6 24,42 - 3,441,237 345 1,000 89,304 289,33C 1,680 4,331 5 4,3 5 0 113,9939 142,586 296,759 259,421 546,234 1889 1890 1891 98,192 141,255 164,768 281,107 523,600 543,391 24,696 1 13,0772 56,397 4 49,929. 3,360 4,200~ 3,88C 12,000 1.6,250 11,681 36,44161 11,793 32,71c 95,678) 36,6421 109,23C 167,910 6,894 232 392,435 28,669 74i87,266!.10611 1,46i 177,1981 3,73 1 4,88 4,779' 1,29d 8,630i4,39C 1,03,096 _'523) 22-4,9859 283,780 8,0 121 665,564 292,374 A4,521 260,808 678,628 132,357 797,739 1,648,990 61,677' 566,788 3,594,21o5 193,555 1,769,677 218 - 38c9 6841 1,265 149,637 320,052 I119, 359!1 4 0,2;,1 5 249,531 -31l1,69 9 1'13 0161 984,926 87,36011 361 5,040 203,9221;.6S 18,496 21,9 'a8! 1) 401 7,6901 61 1,679 70,595L 1, 1 841 32,092 181,379) 61:6361 105,006 ].88,981 -52,060! 291,862 420,610. 193,6710 927,889 190,921 7-1! 149,272 408,5521 218-S 416,833:3,313,38313,277,1219 384,512'1,UUS,60U 7,421,23717,434,6~551,321-,63416,213,332 Wh~leat. Total value of latest export yen 68,600 chiefly to Hongkong and Great Britain. Floxur. Total value of latest export yen 24,527 chiefly to Russia. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM.' IMPORTED TO. 109 Merchants and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles., Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. I (Hyogo Ken). Japanese Rice & Corn Exporti Co................ Hyogo Branch of Mitsui Bus, Kwaisha...... Ryoei Rice Company.... Nippon Rice Polishing Co. Sanukiya............ Katsugi Sh6ten......... Idsumiya......... Branch Shop of Tanizawa Sh6t (Nagasaki Ken). Matsuo Rice Polishing Mill Fukushimaya......... (Osaka Fu). (Tlkyo Fu). Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.. (Toyama Ken). Nipponya (Okayama Ken). Saidaiji Rice Polishing Co. Okayama,,, Mill Otoko,,, Co. Nadekawa,.. Kurashiki,.. (Yamaguchi Ken). Wakaba Shokwai........ Kashiwagi Shobei (Head)... Tanaka Kosuke (Manager)... Fujimoto Yasubei (Head)... Washino Matsusabur,,... Sone Chiubei...... Katsugi Kiichi......... Idsumiya Kanichi Tanizawa Jirohei........... Matsuo Miyoji......... Funamoto Manjiro...... Fujimoto Zensuke...... Tanizawa Jirobei....... Mitsui Y6nosuke......... Takeuchi Rinzo......... Matsui Kiubei (Heal).. Kagawa Shinichi,.... Nakahara Choshichir5,... Uchida Taizo... Uyeda Nen,....... Wakaba Tokusaburo... -- 110 - COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles. Manufacturing Articles. 3fiyauchichUi, KIbe Rice & wheat Matsuyachi3,, Miyamecho, it Imadezmikechi3,, TakumichU q Kawvas~LkichiU, 1 Miyauchicho, 11 Shimakamnichr3,,................................................. I I.......... I.. I................................... Rice Rice & wheat Rice wheat Rice Irakarnmiy arnasa tomur, rNishisonokigq i ri... HonkagochO, Nagasal'ki 2 chbrne, Tosabori, Nishiku, Osaka 1,,, Hamad5ri, Di~jima, Kitaku, Nsaka. No. 5, KabutochU, Nihonbasbiku, TikyU. Fushligi Port, Imidsugiri, Etehin... Sailaijimura Kamimichig3ri... Mlikaimura, Taihakumura, Okugri, Nadekawamura, Tsuugidri,.. ]urashikichiG, Kuboyag5... Kwannonzakiehch Akamagaseki COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM c 4 IMPORTED TO. 111 CLASS 2. GREEN TEA, BLACK TEA, LUMP TEA, BRICK TEA, BANCHA, DUST TEA. Green Green tea is the production peculiar to the Tea. Empire and one of the most important commodities exported to the foreign countries. The total value of its exports amounts nearly to six or seven million yen every year having for its greatest customers the United States and the Dominion of Canada, exported principally from Yokohama' and Kobe ports. The following table shows the rise and fall of its export for the last five years. (Pan Fire.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 catt 13,81 2,93 - - yen 2,708 481 - - - Austria 14,194 - yena 2,900 - - - British catty 1,419,777 2,437,795 1,802,804 2,513,219 4,525,729 America yen 311,952 472,960 335,933 473,295 838,456 China catty 63,287 34,556 - -- - Iyen 15,652 5,385 - - - Great catty 12,990 25,077 42,320 42,667 113,619 Britain (yen 2,234 5,184 8,646 7,341 22,847 Hong- catty - - 68,995 51,376 75,042 kong '* yen - - 15,311 12,575 18,577 United catty 22,110,263 19,523,263 20,652,891 22,020,555 22,911,189 States'" yen 5,427,387 4,102,650 4,512,403 4,263,011 4,645,192 Other jcatty 4,828 949 4,580 3,848 4,619 Cts. 1yen 1,242 272 833 768 979 Total catty 23,624,955 22,038,767 22,571,590 24,631,665 27,630,198 t yen 5,761,175 4,589,832 4,873,126 4,756,990 5,526,051 112 CIOMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. (Basket Fire.) Countries. 1887 1888 188t 1890 1891 Chi. catty 177,854 307,634 89,838 190,84'- 84,659 na... 13,5 3 25,664 6,59( 17,488 7,279 Coea catty - 4,095 5, 68 6,226 yen - - 1,085 136 1,422 Great cattye 410,741 15,501 43,818 90,455 57,224 Britain yen 10,55, 3,543 12,204 21,135 12,203 ong catt - - 2,5SI8 36,253 22,734 States ),yen 1,337,438 1,009,941 775,817 882,955 949,908| Other catty 9,020 4,330 4,23k 3,836 4,070( Countries. yen. 1.728 888 760 8531 8331 Total catty 6,315,86k 5,748,65853,061,004 7,087,4565, 1,43 S telln 11,569,120 1,290,077 1,054,731 1,310,980 1,'201,8884 In alhlost every part of the Empire the green teab is produced, Miye, Shizuoka, Kyoto, Gifu, Nara, Fiakushlima, Kagoshinma, Shiga, Ibaraki, Hyocgo, Knmanoto being reckoned as the mIost productive district. A distinction exists between the green tea fired ill pan and in basket, and it is also divided into nine classes, extra choicest, choicest, choice finest, fine, good medium, medium, good common, coIllmmonll, according to its quality. Distinguishing its quality by the producing districts, in colour and flavour Yamashiro occupies the first place, but by no mlealns superior in appearance to Shizuoka, and in regard to others no remarkab)le difference exists. The table of the Green tea brought to Yokohama, Kolbe, and Nagasaki ports from the different producini) districts, is shownl in- the following page. A itinto eit bewenthgretafidi COlMMIODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 113 Table of the Total Quantity of Tea Coming to Yokohama, Kobe, and Nagasaki Ports for 12 Months, 1st Dec. 1890 to 30th Nov. 1891. citie re- Yokohama. KSbe. Nagasaki. Total. fectures. Shizuoka.. Catty. 14,970,366 289,701 - 15,260,067 Miye........ 4,213,256 2,043,612 - 6,286,868 Ky6to.... 3,136 3,366,579 - 3,397,715 Ibaraki... 2,152,697 - - 2,152,697 Osaka... 8,886 2,016,708 - 2,025,594 Shiga.. 25,673 1,327,873 - 1,353,546 Fukuoka... 74,745 894,148 364,078 1,332,971 Nara....... 1,993 1,227,559 - 1,229,552 Gifu......,, 777,643 314,522 - 1,092,165 T-kyo 86,961 - - 869,961 Kumamoto,, 188,709 83,028 466,147 737,884 Chiba... 716,710 - - 716,710 Hyogo... 36,218 532,660 11,300 568,878 Ishikawa..,, - 528,709 - 528,709 Yehime... 263 519,839 - 520,102 KSchi..... 45,924 450,889 - 496,813 Saitama..... 407,572 - - 407,572 Wakayama,, 75 344,337 - 344,412 Nagasaki.., 157,206 80 182,176 339,462 Niigata.. 309,385 - - 309,385 Okayama.... - 273,921 - 273,921 Oita......,, 2,042 171,696 24,785 198,523 Tokushima,, - 184,144 - 184,144 Sga........ - 42,794 141,104 183,897 Aichi..., 74,643 10,900 - 175,543 Fukui.... - 171,984 - 171,984 Miyazaki...,, - 108,722 - 108,722 Yamaguchi,, - 69,643 - 69,643 Hiroshima,, - 41,880 - 41,880 Tottori.. 3 - 32,287 - 32,287 Kanaawa,, 24,156 2,858 - 27,014 Tochigi...,, 3,301 - - 3,301 Toyama...,, 1,238 673 - 1,911 Kagoshima,, - 810 551 1,361 Gumm... 1,130 - - 1,130 Total... 25,124,928 15,052,556 1,190,141 41,367,625 -- 114 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Dust Tea. The total value of the dust tea exported every year varies from one hundred and thirty thousand to one hundred and seventy thousand yen, and it is chiefly exported to the United States, British America, China and Hongkong. It is not purposely pulverized but is the name given to the dust sifted off from the green tea, and is exported fiomn the same ports. The following table is a statement of the total quantity and value of the dust tea exported to various foreign countries. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British catty 225,479 410,160 253,954 282,954 587,451 America ' yen 10,808 17,870 12,163 11,725 23,856 China... catty 597,144 700,415 468,077 255,384 597,965 lna * yen 10,874 13,852 7,524 5,732 11,309 Hongkong catty - - 87,368 26,669 156,233 -yen - - 1,517 676 3,033 United States catty 2,955,848 2,608,914 2,568,177 3,070,765 3,007,944 es yen 134,746 120,965 111,699 127,660 133,952 Other catty 10,893 3,282 16,788 17,756 21,081 Countries'" yen 262 138 547 579 939 Total catty 3,789,364 3,722,771 3,394,364 3,653,528 4,370,674 otal n 156,690 152,825 133,450 146,372 173,089 Lump Tea. Total value of latest export 64,919 yen exported to United States, and British America. Ban ha. Total value of latest export 50,181 yen exported to China, United States, Hongkong, and British America. Black Tea. Total value of latest export 16,000 yen exported to United States, England, British America, and Russia. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 115 Exporters and Manufacturers of the above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Kauagawa Ken) Tomoyeya............ Chaya.................. Okanoya............... Akashiya........... Branch Shop of Mitsui Bussan Kaisha............... Nakaya............ Uchitsuya............ Morimoto Sh6ten......... Toyensha............... Masuya.................. Surugaya........... Matsuya............... (Hyogo Ken) Sekiya.................. Mukadeya............... Sumitomo Shiten, K6be...... Otani Kahei............ Nakanishi Zenkichi (Manager) Okano Rihei......... Yoshinaga Jinzo...... Tanaka Mohei (Manager) Otani Kobei............ Katsumi Genshichi...... Kawakita Kiudaiu........ Hori Yao Taguchi Sh6hei (Manager)... Misono Yaichird... Morimoto Bunkichi.... Oki Tetsuz6 (Manager)...... Masumoto Yasugor6..... Watanabe Shdjir6......... Inamori Hikoshichi...... Yamanouchi Kihachi...... Matsumoto Chiuz......... Kurokawa Masujir5..... Yamamoto Kametar5..... Moriiye Tokumatsu......... Tanaka Shozaburo........ Kamibayashi Naoshichi...... Nishiguchi Seisuke......... Kawaguchi Seiji......... Nagata Heishir6......... Chfijo Sehei............ Nakanishi Tsuneshichi...... Nishida Yoshitaro......... Fujita Kiusuke............ Sonobe Sumiz......... Hishiya Kijir5........... Hasegawa Sadashichi...... Washio Isoshichi....... Kitaoka Choshichi....... Tanabe Sadakichi (Manager)... Takeda Sadakichi....... Suzuki Iwajir5 (Head)..... Kohe Seicha Kwaisha...... 116 COMMIERCE AND LNDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Dealing Manufacturing Articles. Articles. No. 12, 2 ch~me MotohamachU, Yokohama. No. 25, 2 ch~me, Ilonchil. No. 29, No. 13,,, Motohamachil, No. 69, 4 chilme, Hloncbil, No. 23, 2 chi~me, Motohamachii, No. 14, 9 I No. 68, 3 chi~me, Mfinamninakadilri, No. 30, 2 chilme, Kitanakadilri, No. 43, 4 chbme, Motohamach~i, No. 31, 2 ch~ume, Kitanakadilri, No. 29, No. 56, 4 ch~me, Tokiwachbl, No. 32,,, otohamachil, No., 32, 9 No. 12, 3 chime, Kaigandiri, No. 19, 3 chime, MotohamachU No. 3, 2 chrme, 9 4 chime, Sakaichii, Kibe. 5 Chilme, Motochi3, 11 Sakaichi,' 3 chime, Kaigan, S chime, Sakaich3, 3 chime, SakaichU, S chb~me, 3 chiome, 1 5 chime, 9 6 chi~me, Kaigan, Sakaichi5, 5 chime, K~aiga~n, 9 SakaichU, 6 chime, -Kaigan, 4 chime, v 5 chome, Sakaichi5, 6 chfime, Ki~be, Tea )I p 11 9 ) I ) t I 11 .1 p 9 ) I I 31 1 9 9 I 9 9 Green tea 91 )y 9 1 9 1 I 1 9 9 I I I I I: I t I It Tea Tea and Brick Tea Green teaBrick tea, Black tea. Green tea. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM,c IMPORTED TO. 117 Continued:-. Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Osaka b'u) (Nagasaki Ken) Fukushimaya............ (T6ky6 Fu) Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha...... (Ky6to Fu) Yamashiro Seicha Yushutsusho (Ibaraki Ken) Kamaya.............. Kageya................ Hamanoya......... (Shizuoka Ken) Kasaya............... Sakaya............... Naraya............ Hyakuriyen............... (Fukui Ken) (Ishikawa Ken) Nagah6ya............. (Fukuoka Ken) Yamamoto Sagohei......... Okada Hikozo.......... Funagi Manjiro......... Echigo Umekichi......... Esaki Sanhei............ Mitsui Yonosuke........ Yoshikawa Isoemon (Deputy) Kitagawa Ichijir......... Suda Shichinosuke...... Hamano Sen......... Suzuki Tokuz5......... Toki Kiusaku............ Suzuki Sakutaro......... Horita Chiyoz5............ Sasano Tokujir...... Serizawa Kinshichi......... Tsukamoto Kichibei Shinma Seisaku...... Okamoto Genyemon....... Yamamoto Chokichi...... Tsukamoto Eihachi....... Yokota Tamotsu...... Takeyama Nihei......... Hasebe Riyemon......... Obata Sahei.......... Nagajima Tozo.......... Nishimura Riuz......... Nakajima Zenkichi....... 118 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Dealing ManufacturinoC A rticles. Articles. 3 din, Seysbbasi finmiu, Green tea andl 3 c~rn, neyshba~ii inrnioOS i. others 5 chi~me, Kitahoriyeshimnodori Nishiku,,~ IfonkagochU, Nagasaki. Tsukimachii,, No. 5. KabutoehU, Nihonbaslhku. Fusbimiitabashi Kiigi~ri. Trea, Lumnp~tca, and Bancha. Tea Green tea ~Mizbkaiddach5, Toyodag~3ri. Tokigaya, Hahashirnur, Shidaig~3i. Kigainji,.FujiyedacbZ3, Honchii, 'Daikakuji, Nishiyattsuinura. Mashizug~iri. Tchibe, Fujiedach3,_Shidag~3ri. Shimadoch;5, Rokugiimura, Green tea. Blc eare teaan Bac Sech an Gre tea Tea Miklunichi3, Sakaig~)ri. Azana RiusukechU, Komatbmuh5, Noinigi~ri Kitaka-wachuimuru, Kamnitsuniagi~ri, chikusgo. Beharu-mmur. T'ea (pan fired)l 2: COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 119 CLASS 3. SHIITAKE, GINNANG, THE SEED OF GOMA, CHESTNUT, GINGER, AND POTATOES. Shiitake. The total value of the export of Shiitake amounts nearly to five hundred thousand yen, and is mostly exported to Hongkong, China and the United States come next'to it. The following table shows the rise and fall of its shipping for the last five years. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Ch. catty 1,394,954 1,826,681 417,720 701,559 495,661 na yen 433,247 509,069 120,725 235,304 182,061 aii. catty - 569 2,920 5,279 H..... yen - - 166 1,015 1,770 Hongkong catty - - 1,112,889 996,741 1,009,317 oyen - - 339,429 332,569 363,021 United States catty 26,811 23,661 27,910 32,62( 35,317 Uyen 9,33ll3 6,584 8,35g 10,191 11,737 Other catty 837 1,025 3,366 2,195 3,313 Countries... yen 219 278 988 681 1,264 Total. catty 1,422,602 1,851,367 1,562,454 1,736,035 1,548,87 l yen 442,799 515,931 469,663 579,760 559,853 It is produced nearly in every parts of the Empire, but for export Idsu, Suruga, Kii, Higo, Hiuga, Satsuma and Oki take the lead. There are two kinds of Kib6shi and Yakiko, of which Kiboshi has a better quality, and in transaction the market price is usually set on each one hundred catties. It is principally exported through three ports, Kobe, Yokohama, Nagasaki, to meet the wants of the Chinese. Potatoes. Total value of the latest export yen 22,110 principally exported to HIongkong. Ginger. Total value of the latest export yen 14,880 principally exported to China, Corea, Great Britain, and Hongkong. 0 Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Menti-oned Articles. Nam ofPricipl usiessPlae. Dealing ManufacCommerc-ial Name.;-m fPicplBsns lc. Atce. trn Person or Owner. Articles. trn (Kanagawa Ken) (Hy6go Ken) (Osakia Pu) Naraya..... Hariniaya.... Kaiya,.. Kiuh~jiya.... Wafta-a..... Yoshinoya.... Naraya....... (Nagaaaki Ken) Fukushirnaya (Shizuoka Ken) Morimoto, Bunkichi.. Ikeda Kwanbei... aaiJisuke.... Ono Saburouemon Kimura Sh6saburo Kitamuira Yasuke Wala Kihei.... Yoshino T~shichai Imamura, Kasuke Funamoto ManjiroSerizawa Kinshichi Sasano Tokujira Kitanakadi~ri, Yokohama. Sakaic]16, Ki~be. Shii'take SugawarachU, Kitaku, O~saka. 3 chime, Ky~bashi, Higasbiku, [Ocsaka. Su4,awaraclii3, Kitakui, 3 chi~me, Kyi~bashi, fligasbiku, SugawaracehU, Kitakui, Okekamjich5, Il onkagochG, Nagasaki. ShimadachU3, Shitagliri. I0-~ I0Z t0 z' Kiboshi Yakiko COLLMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4' IMPORTED TO. 121 CLASS 4. CUTTLE FISH, SEA-WEED, COLLE VEGETALE, DRIED AWABI, BECHE DE MER, DRIED SHRIMP, SHARK'S FINS, MUSSEL, IHOSHINORI, KEIKANSO, FUNORI, SALMON, COD, GOMAME, SALTED-FISHES, DRIED FISH, HAMAGURI, KAINOHASHIRA, OTHER SHELL FISHES. cuttle fisih. This is the most important of marine products exported from the Empire, and by referring to the statistics can be seen that the total value of its exports every year amounted generally more than one million yen, and is chiefly exported to Hongkong and China. It is found in almost every coast of the Empire, but especially in Bungo, Oki,:-Suwo, Iyo, and Goto (Hizen) and those of Bungo are most suited for export, Iyo and Suwo come next to it. There are several varieties such as Ichi-ban, Niban, Mizuika, and Sasaika, each differing in quality and value. The table showing the total amount of its export to various foreign countries for the last five year. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Chin....catty 9,047,295 8,159,405 1,246,206 1,946,935 972,380 ^ yen 1,033,265 1,069,610 159,606 228,963 110,158 Hawaii catty ~ 618 3,642 8,941 yen - 76 448 1,097 Honcatty - - 6,588,827 7,273,272 6,690,722 ongong..yen -_ 926,673 995,927 889,284 United catty 165,504 17,335 16,407 23,667 18,601 States *yen 18,250 1,895 2,091 2,741 2,187 Other! catty 1,852 3,699 1,092 4,451 7,121 Countries'" yen 206 458 159 633 977 Total catty Y,2i4,651 8,180,439 7,853,150 9,251,967 7,697,765 o ^yen 1,051,721 1,071,963 1,088,605 1,228,712 1,003,703 cat.)~1,j1 S1i,~3~783.. _ 1,~71,~7, 122 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Sea-weed. There are two varieties of sea-weed, leaf sea-weed, and cut sea-weed, and the total value of the exports amount nearly to six hundred thousand yen, and is exported chiefly to China and Hongkong. The summary of the producing districts and amount of exports is given below. Leaf sea-weed, called longcut sea-weed is 4 shaku 2 sun in length with a varied breadth but commonly 3 sun, and is exported chiefly to Shanghai, but no great export to Hongkong and Canton. It is also exported either directly from Hakodate or from the ports of Yokohama and Kobe to where it is first conveyed. Its chief producing places are inl Hokkaido, viz.: Horoidsumi, Samani, Urakawa, Mitsuishi, Shizunai, Niikappu of Hidaka Province, Hiroo and Tokachi of Tokachi Province, Shiranuka, Kushiro, Akkeshi, Hamanaka of Kushiro Province, and Hanareshima, Nemuro, and Kunajiri of Nemluro Province. The following table shows the total value of its export for the last five years. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China catty 29,045,325 27,737,164 27,493,206 25,680,310 25,521,204 na yen 461,967 372,897 457,539 550,520 606,958 catty - - 108,911 11,868 14,072 Corea... orea. 1,561 184 348 Hong- catty - - 907,469 1,061,423 805,726 kong {yen - - 12,033 12,573 11,306 Other catty 2,260 44,175 5,690 16,163 15,519 Counts. yen 33 656 121 227 313 Total. catty 29,050,585 27,781,339 28,515,276 26,769,764 26,356,521 yen 462,000 373,553 471,259 563,504 618,925 COIMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM l' IMPORTED TO. 123 cut Sea- From each of the above mentioned producweed. ing districts the raw materials are purchased and brought over to Tokyo, Osaka, and Hakodate and manufactured. It is exported mostly to Shanghai, and Hongkong cones next to it. The trade for the last five years is shown below. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China... catty 6,326,194 5,966,709 4,492,397 4,764,126 5,739,424 " yen 132,845 122,049 92,200 109,657 140,038 Honkonog.cty - - 468,764 302,631 298,115 'yen - - 9,735 6,054 7,530 Other catty 1,925 1,332 604 13,705 35,021 Countries... yen 38 29 18 395 924 Total 5 catty 6,328,1 19 5,968,041 4,961,765 5,080,46! 6,072,56(, '".yen 132.883 122.078 101,953 116,10f 148,492 In the transaction of this class the market price is set on every one hundred catties. Knten or Colle The total value of tie latest export of Vegetale. Kanten amounts nearly to four hundred fifty thousand yen, and it is manufactured from the sea-weed called Tengusa found in all along the coasts of the Empire. Tengusa is found most abundantly in the coasts of Idsu, Shina, Awa, Noto, Kii, Nagato, Bungo, and Hokkaido, where the raw material is purchased and brought over to the cities and prefectures, Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, and Nagano, where it is manufactured. There are two kinds of fine and square Kanten, the fine Kanten forming the greater part of the export. The market price being usually set on each one hundred catties. It is chiefly exported to China, l, 124 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. and Hongkong and France come next to it as shown in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British Indialcatty - 6,300 5,229 1,003 Brt yen - 1,476 1,766 419 China...catty 1,454,901 1,265,399 484,991 671,137 684,865 " yen 316,843 309,293 109,313 206,902 256,476 France.. catty 19,001 22,33 21,350 - 23,631 yen 4,937 6,087 5,455 - 11,206 German catty 32,641 10,610 6,934 93 10,314 erm yen 8,894 2,903 1,840 40 3,991 reat Britain catty 6,962 4,644 - 311 2,337 Great Britain y e I ^^ ^^ _ ^ yen 1,742 1,311 - 116 1,050 Holland catty - - 4,500 - - yen - 1,200 - - H catty - - 614,965 349,306 476,331 Hongkong. yen - 148,874 114,423 179,263 United States catty 21798 32422 6,425 1 s8 1,002 yen 4,639 9,286 1,767 56 465 Other catty 2,761 1,384 2,246 360 756 Countries yen 825 342 587 142 254 Total. catty 1,538,064 1,336,802 1,147,711 1,026,624 1,200,239 lo0at '"yen 337.880 329,222 270,512 323,445 453,124 trie The total export value of dried Awabi amounts Awab. i generally to almost four hundred thousand yen, and it is found almost everywhere along the coasts of the country, but the coasts of Hokkaido, Rikuzen,.Rikuchiu, Mutsu, Shima, Iyo, and Bungo abounds in the best of them, they are best suited for the export. There are two kinds of Meiho and Kaiho, and they are exclusively for the use of the Chinese, the export from Yokohama to Hongkong and the United States are actually consumed by the residing Chinese. As to the total quantity of its export to various countries see the following table. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 01 IMPORTED TO. 125 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China.. catty 1,389,887 1,336,688 228,690 262,630 116,241 yen 358,891 492,991 78,534 78,038 37,337 Hawaii catty - 1,490 3,826 3,892 yen - 519 1,382 1,220 Hongkng catty - - 1,107,400 1,243,107 1,101,515 g yen - 373,595 391,643 353,891 United Stats catty 8,611 12,836 16,743 19,225 19,077 yen 2,502 4,930 5,516 6,497 6,107 Other catty 910 458 2,014 1,220 1,909 Countries... yen 282 151 796 332 607 Total. catty 1,399,408 1,349,982 1,356,337 1,530,006 1,242,634 yen 361,675 435,0,72 458,960 477,892 399,162 Shrimp. Shrimp, the total value of the export amounting nearly to two hundred thousand yen every year, is chiefly exported to Hongkong and China. For the amount of the export for the last five years refer to the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China. catty 1,243,744 1,567,501 492,986 612,650 552,645......yen 156,500 203,823 61,397 80,167 68,838 Hongkong catty - - 1,027,719 891,355 1,131,733 o.yen - 132,581 118,219 149,984 Other catty 220 453 554 138 3,104 Countries... yen 22 56 619 19 385 Total.catty 1,243,967 1,567,954 1,521,259,504,143 1,67,482 ota yen 156,522 203,879 194,047 198,4051 219,207 It abounds in the coasts of SuwO, Iyo, and Buzen, the best quality being found in Suwo, and almost nine-tenth of the whole quantity of its export is shipped from Kobe and its market price is usually set on each one hundred catties. Beche de mer The total value of the latest Iriko export or Iriko. 126 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN exceeds two hundred eighty thousand yel, abounding in the waters of Hokkaido, Aomori, Oita, Nagasaki, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Kagawa, Ishikawa, and Miye Prefectures, and principally exported to China and Hongkong, the chief port of which is Yokohama; Kobe, Nagasaki, and Hakodate come next to it. In transaction it is graded from first to tenth according to its different qualities, and its market price is set on each one hundred catties. For the trade see the following table: Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Ch. catty 888,987 722,282 657,820 797,972 766,098 * yen 250,470 208,195 216,821 264,672 257,692 nkong... catty - - 87,315 79,612 89,545 ther yen - - 24,377 23,222 28,090 Countries. catty 136 72 388 426 125 yen 38 27 60 128 38 al... att 889,119 722,354 745,523878,010 85,768 To yen 250,508 208,222 241,258 288,022 285,820 Gomamne. Total value of the latest export is 15,534 and exported to China and Hongkong. Hanaguri Total value of the latest export is 11,612 and exported to China and Hongkong. Dried Fishes & Total value of the latest export is Salted Fishes. 23,870 and exported to China and Hongkong. Shark's Finis. Total value of the latest export is 82,057 and exported to China and Hongkong. Salmon &, Cot]. Total value of the latest export is 79,499 and exported to China and Hongkong. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM c IMPORTED TO. 127 lMussel. Total value of the latest export is 47,855 and exported to China and Hongkong. Kainohashir'l. Total value of the latest export is 56,594 and exported to China and Hongkong. Other Shell Total value of the latest export is 74,169 and exported to China and Hongkong. 128 COM11MERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Company's Name. -Nanme of Principal Person or Owner. (Kanag~awa Ken) Sekitanya,.... Surugaya........ Sekitanya. Otani Shiten Sugaya.......... Fukudaya.......... Yorozuya........ Morimoto Sh~ten...... Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha. Okanoya.......... (Hy~go Ken) Hiranoya,..... (Osaka Eu) Tenn6ji~ya........ Izumiya.......... Harimaya....... Hakataya.......... Koiya. (Nag~asaki Ken) Fuefuki H6shiujo...... Matsuoya....... Hizenya....... (llokkaid6) Nippon Sea-weed Co. Watanabe Fukusabur6.... Adachi Jiusuke. Adachi Zenz6 (Manag`,er) lida Kw~tar6.... Otani Kahei Otani Kinzb (Manager) Obata Kumajir,5.. And36 Hanshichi.... Tsuji K~suke....... AMorimoto Bunkichi.... Tanaka Mohei (Manager) Okano Ilihei.... Katsumni Genshichi...... Hirano Jiutar5........ Nakamura Sli6tar6...... Matsushita Hikobei.. Tanaka Shir~zaemon.... Fukui Keijir6........ Horiuchi Jinz6i Sait6 Hikojiur5 Matsuzoe Uhei.. Kimura Sh~zaburo...... IMaekawa Asa-jir6...... Hiramiatsu Uuienoj6.. _Nakag~awa Gihei.... Shiiuomura Hirose...... Kobayashi Jiukichi...... COMMO0DITIES EXPORTED FROM 4' IMPORTED TO. 129 Continued: Business Place. No. 1, I chime, Motohamachl, Yokohama. No. 16, 2 ch~me, No. 14, 1 ch~me, KitanakadrlV No. 8,,, Mfotoham-achUVI,, No. 15, 2 chime, Minatocli, No. 4, 1 chirne, Oiioyechl, No. 34, 2 c0ime, Bentendcri, No. 31,,. Kitanakadri, VI No. 69, 4 ch~iie, Honch3, No. 29, 2 cme, "I VI No. 14.,, MotohamnachU, VI, 3 ch3me, Sakaichb3, K5he. i ch3me, Utsubokamidi3ri, Nishikis, [Osakm. 2 chnme, Yedobori Minfamidiri, VI 4 1 ch3me, Kainl3ri, I,, Yokobori, Higashiku, 1,, Doshiumachi SugawaraUchi, IKitaku, Kiyomizumura, Shimakamigrri. MIiyamamura, Shiimashimogiiri. Fuyefukimura, Kitamatsuragori. Kabashimach5, Nagasaki. Diizach53, Funaac=1t3, Hlakolatekti, Oshimanokuni. Higa:shik:,kawacil5, Dealing Articles. 0 1arine Products. Colle Vegetale and Sea-weed. Fine Colle Vegetale Iriko, Awabi, Shark's Fins. Shrimip. Sea-wced Manufacturing Articles. Fine Kanten Fine, and Square Kanten Dried Awabi, Awabi Shell, Beche de Mer. Cut sea-weed 130 COMIIIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPANV. Continued - Company's N-1ame. Name of Principal'Person or Owner. (ilakodlate) (T6ky6 Fu) Katayamla Sh~kwai...... Mikawaya........ Yorozuya.... Izumiya-.... Takataya.......... Daikokuya.......... Hishiyama Shte-n.... (,Shizuoka Ken) Sa-meya........ ('Nagan~ Ken) Mukacleya. (Iwate Ken) Osbiuya...... (Yamaguchi Ken) Kidoka'ria Shrimp Co. (Yehime Ken) Hamaya (Tottori Ken) Uwokwaisha.... Yebisuya. (it-a Ken) Tarikiya.... Shimizu Masakichi.... Katayama Gentar6.. Moni Zenshichi........ Toshima Sankichi.... Uchida Mankichi.... Ishikawa, K~kichi.... Kitamiura Gonjir6.... Ishihara Ichiz6........ Furukawa Shichimatsa.... Murata Toranosuke Hirata Hanjir6,...... Yamauchi Heikichi.... Sugiyama Dempei.... Yamasliita, Katsuya... Suzuki Ch6bei........ Fujimoto Tokuji Hamada, Choj-.ro Yamadla Shigez6 (Director) Nakag~aki Zenhachir6.... Toyoda Seizabur65...... Nishikawa Kiujil IZamiya COMMODITIES EXPORTED FRMi4~ IMIPORTED TO. IM1 Continued:.Business -Place. Dealing Articles. Manufacturing Articles. N~ishikawaeh~s, Irakodat iOshinanokuni. No6.21,WakurachZ5,Fnikagaw%*aku,Ti1~ky — "To. 2, KwakubuchU3, No. 29, 2 ch~me, MannencbU, N~o. 1, Motokagachii, No. 1, Nishihiranoch;5, No, 8, WagurachZ5, No, 2, Botanc]Z, No. 19, R1eiganc]0, No. 47, HiggashidaiknehU, N\otmadsuclii, Sunt~gr3ri. Usudamura, Mfinamitakng~ri. Kuwagasakiehi3, Higaslhiheig~5ri. Itmnsag~3ri, Nagatonokuni. _Iliyakubornura, Ochlg~3xi. Ajiromura, Twaigonri. Trasliirimura, AZumam ura, Twaigi~i. NagagnecZ), Usag~ri, Buzennokuni. Cut sea-wveed Ship Kio haha etc Cut sea-weed Shark's Fins, Cuttlefish, Awabi Colle vegetale MVeih6 and Round dried Cuttlefish Shrimp and Cuttlefish,Small Shrimip. Shimamne Cuttlefish, Niban cuttle fish Shrimp, Kainohashira, Cuttlefish, Shark's fins Rubbed or Polished Cuttlefish, & K6tsukiCuttlefish Saganogeki, Kitaumibegri, 9 132 COMMBRCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 5. HAIRS, FEATHER, HIDE, FUR, LEATHER, TENDON, BONES, WHALEfiNS, WHALE-BONES, SHOES, LEATHER WARES, AWABI SHELL, YAKOGAI SHELL, OTHER SHELLS, DEER HORNS, IVORY WORKS AND TORTOISE SHELL WORKS. Furs. The export of furs amounting to little over 100,000 yen chiefly find the way to England, and China, Hongkong, and Germany comes next to it. The producing districts are Kiushiu, Shikoku, Harima, Rikuzen, Rikuchiu, Mutsu, and Hokkaido. The kinds are fox, badger and marten. Hokkaido produce is the best, and that of Harima comes next, and those of other districts follow. The ports of export are Yokohama and Kobe. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Chin. sheet 100,730 127,813 89,597 69,873 86,559 na..... yen 29,915 51,645 32,524 22,283 25,694 Egland, sheet 98 1,331 11,955 53,051 82,803 ngan * yen 198 1,220 7,529 43,808 68,831 France sheet - - 5,302 6,601 2,123 (ranc yen _ 3,859 3,059 1,080 $ sheet 10,760 8,847 25,394 15,561 3,375 Germany Yn 4,037 4,646 11,657 2,768 2,168 ngkg heet - - 50,489 21,759 17,598 Hongkong.she339 (yen - - 23,293 9,130 9,339 The U. S. of Isheet 353 2,298 2,341 2,914 3,354 America... (yen 220 1,131 1,238 947 2,012 Other sheet 316 515 - 24 2,044 Countries... (yen 209 525 - 21 438 T sheet 112,257 140,804 185,078 1i69,783 197,856 Total yen 34,579 59,167 80,100 82,016 109,562 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM t4 IMPORTED TO. 133 Feathers 45,561 yen chiefly exported to France. Awabi Shell 58,405,, to Hongkong, England and Germany. Exporters and Manufacturers of Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Hyogo Ken) (Osaka Fu) Meiji Feather Factory... (Nagasaki Ken) Seikaku Kaisha..... (T6ky5 Fu) Omiya............. Omiya............... Sasaya............... Tatsumiya........... Hisayama Seishichi......... Satake Risaburo......... Nitta Ch6jiro... Ino Seijiro...... Okuda Sadasuke Iwata Mitsuz-... Aisaka Gohei... Atsuda Jirobei... ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~,~~ ~~~ ~r~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ Tanabe Jinzabur......... Tanabe Jinzabur6 (Owner)... Mori Keijiro (Head)...... Inamatsu Matsunosuke... Yamada Shukichi......... It6 Shinbei..... Noboriyama Chozo...... Murata Kichigoro...... Ikeda Denkichi......... Kat6 Toyohichi...... Kobayashi Kojir...... Kishimura Kyutar......... Ishii Kihiyoe............ Yotpugi Tomigoro...... Maruki...... Beniya...... 134, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Yakogal Shel.12,860 Other Shells 21,604 Ivory Works 49,837,, to Hongkong and France.,,1 chiefly exported to England. Continued: Business Place. Manufacturing Dealing Articles. Articles. c Sannomiya machi, Kube. Nishihamia machi, Nishinarig3ri. Namba mura, Kidsu mura, Nishihama machi, lmaniya muma, Nishiyama go-, N agga saki. Urago~to machi, No. 397, Iriya c0hu, Slitaya. No. 3, Tuiri 3 chUime, Nihonhib.~iku. No. 2, HarnachCi 1 chUire, 1 No. 13, 2 chume,' Yokoyainacb3 No. 9, 4 chume, Ginza, Kyi~baslhiku. Bakuro chul 4-chrime, Nitionbashiku. 1Tsukiji 2 c-ho-me, Kyiibashiku. Minami, Motocijil, Asakusaku. Sukiyach5, Nihonbashiku. Yagenbori cliii, Furs. Badgrers &c. Awabi shell Furs. Furs. ivory works Belt. Leather for trunk and shoes Cowhides for shoes and othersLeather COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM f IIMPORTED TO. 135 CLASS 6. BAMBOO MATERIALS, TIMBERS AND PLANKS, BAMBOO WARES, WOODEN WARES, ROSETTA WOOD WARES, PALMETTS SKIN. Bamboo. The export of this article has gradually increased of late. The amount of the export has been about one hundred and sixty thousand yen. The United States holds the first place, and England, Germany, France, Hongkong, Italy, and Corea are secondary to it in respect of the export. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table.. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia...... yen 6 18 2,587 367 25C Belgium...... yen 93 - 630 293 1,394 China........ yen 4,209 1,686 - - Corea........ yen 522 392 550 2,355 2,041 France..... yen 9,068 10,802 23,157 26,193 17,801 Germany...... yen 8,116 9,630 30,386 27,141 25,37' Great Britain yen 11,636 13,170 20,669 45,243 41,607 Hongkong... yen - -- 2,033 3,486 15,855 Italy..... yen 333 360 1,603 2,427 2,392 United States... yen 12,737 8,665 17,439 62,570 47,879 Other Countries... yen 167 246 621 598 725 Total... yen 46,887 44,969 99,675 170,673 155,322 There are two kinds of bamboo,-the black and white, fishing rods, handles of umbrella, handles, sticks-are made from them, mostly exported from Kobe. The principal places of production are Ehime, Kagawa, Hiroshima, Hyogo, and Shiga prefectures. Those that are exported from Yokohama are mostly the produce of Miyagi, Fukushima, and Saitama prefectures. Black bamboo suits the taste of the English, and white that of America, 136 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. TiLaber. The value of the export since a few years & Planks. has been about one hundred and eight thousand yen. The export is principally for China, Hongkong and Corea being secondary. The trade for the last five years are as follows:Countries. 1887; 1888 1889 1890 1891......... British India... yen - - - 275 1,326 China........ yen 181,170 211,827 159,388 134,814 138,460 Corea........ yen 6,562 11,437 8,157 25,820 29,407 Hongkong...... yen - - 18,363 16,797 16,770 United States... yen - - 425 4 1,866 Other Countries... yen 1,027 499 571 605 339 Total...... yen, 188,759 223,763 186,94i 178,315| 188,168 The timbers mostly used in China are the planks of pine, cedar and camphor-tree, and cedar and hinoki logs. The planks are mostly exported, and the logs and timbers for beams and rafters are next to it. The provinces of Kii, Hiuga, Satsuma, Awa, Tosa and Mino are noted places of production. The Ports of export are Kobe and Nagasaki. Bnbo~ The amount of export is about two hunWVares. dred thousand yen. The first country for the export is the United States of America; England, Hongkong, Australia, Germany, British India, France, and Dominion of Canada are secondary to it. Observe the following table. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROIM 4 IMPORTED TO. 137 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia...... yen 12,328 23,384 29,568 28,239 34,933 Austria...... yen 773 1,283 1,492 1,112 1,506 Belgium...... yen 1,396 1,213 1,089 626 1,107 British America... yen 2,910 3,204 2,178 3,780 3,036 British India... yen 4,008 3,557 4,927 4,934 7,747 China......... yen 22,816 38,387 7,262 886 1,168 France........ yen 9,546 9,131 3,878 5,493 5,401 German...... yen 8,198 23,013 17,103 13,845 11,961 Great Britain.. yen 42,942 32,953 44,277 43,464 53,422 Hongkong...... yen - - 24,576 18,116 37,039 Italy.... yen 359 1,316 836 1,389 1,550 United States... yen 102,851 77,691 77,582 68,227 63,077 Other Countries... yen 4,532 2,207 2,824 4,373 3,721 Total...... yen 212,659217,339 217,592 194,484 225,668 Among the above class the principal articles of export are the flower vases, baskets, and hanging baskets. They are extensively manufactured at Hyogo and Kagawa prefectures, and mostly exported from Kobe. WOOlen The export of this class has quite increased Wares. of late, the present amount being about one hundred eighty thousand yen. The country of export is British India first, England, the United States and France are next. The trade for the last five years is as follows: 138 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia....... yen 705 4,713 3,104 2,213 1,769 Austria...... yen 1,120 2,002 - - - Belgium..... yen 184 868 - - - British America... yen 1,308 433 - - - British India... yen 17,217 36,900 70,896 86,857 121,899 China........ yen 5,753 8,361 731 454 1,005 Corea.... yen 1,296 1,104 1,782 4,936 6,072 France... yen 11,940 7,686 13,870 13,029 9,658 Germany.... yen 2,035 1,334 3,763 4,532 1,801 Great Britain... yen 12,919 18,197 21,303 19,968 20,333 Hongkong.. yen - - 7,218 8,101 5,052 Russia....... yen 869 830 854 265 3,297 Turkey........ yen 90 1,432 1,400 255 35 United States... yen 8,718 6,320 10,348 7,691 14,330 Other Countries... yen 1,129 1,454 7,129 2,916 3,635 Total.... yen 65,283 91,634 142,3981 151,217 188,886 Among the principal exports are the ornamental shelf, small table, flower vase stand, hanging shelf, picture frame, tray, wooden plate, and ornamental carvings. The principal places of manufacture are Osaka, Tokyo, Nagoya, and Hakone in Kanagawa prefecture. In the picture frames there is what is called " Shibayama Bori" that is to say, flowers, birds or human figures are inlaid with metals, ivory or shells, or put in gold lacquer, mostly manufactured in Tokyo and Osaka. Joineries are exported abundantly of late, the hinoki planks are mostly used in the work. All kinds of designs are cut artistically through. Chiefly manufactured in Kobe and Osaka and exported from the same ports. COMMDODITIES EXPORTED FROMJ, 11IMPORTED TO. 139 Exporters and Manufacturers of Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial 'Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) Kamokame Sh~ten...... Numashima...... Musashiya Moriyasa (Hy~go Ken) Chadaisha,........ Iseya............ Iwanao.......... Tateya.: — --..... Hayashiya......... Arasei............ Fujikatsu........ Ogawaya.......... Hirata, Sh~iten.... Ohashi........ (Osaka Fu) (N~agasaki Ken) Hamadaya......... - (T,5ky6 Fu) Okuragumi.... (Shiga Ken) (Yehime Ken) Fukushima.... Sugiyama Kamekichi. Numashima Jirobei.... Oseki Sadajir6........ Moriyasu Takisabur6. -Nagata Daisuke.... Mayeda Tokuzayemon. Kanda, Naogor65... Tateya, Heishir6..... Miyashita Jinosuke.... Arai Seiyemon..... Nakaguchi Katsujir6 Ogawa Mankichi..... Sone, Shime, Hfirata Tatsujir,5... Ohashi Sh6tar6.. Yoshidsumi Jihei..... Hamada Rimpei... O-kura Kihachira.. Miyamoto Katsu.... Ota Mankichi.... Yukioka Gonbei.... Fukushima Sukesaku 140 COJIMERCE AN"D I.NDUSTRY IN J7,APAN.V Continued: Business Place. DaigAtce.1 Manufacturing Dealng Aticls~j Articles. I -- - 1 chi~me, Honchr3, I chrme, Kitanakad(Iri, 4 chbime, Jfoncbi3, 4 chiame, Bentendiii, Sandok-orochIO, IHy~OV, Dezaikecbr3, Shinzaikechr3, KitamiyauchicbU, HigashiyanagawaraclIA3, Kitaimiyauohichi&5 ch~me, Sakaichr3, 5 chamre, SakaichO, Higashi kawasakicdid, Jlarnaujinochi3, Yokohama 9 1 1 9 9 1 RUbe 9 1 1, I I I I I: Wooden Wares. Bamboo & its Ware Timber & plank Planks Bamboo Wares Wooden Wares Timbers & plank,, Timbers. Wooden Wares Bamboo Whip. Bamboo roots, Bamboo Whips and Canes Bamboo Workingy Kagiyaclii% Minamiku Osaka, IKabashimac]Z, Nagasaki City No. 7, 2 chi~me, Ginza, Ky~hashiku No. 17, SaruyachbAsakusaku ShinyemonchZ5, Nihoiobashiku Kusatsumura, AwatagiUri Gunchu, Iyogiiri COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4I IMPORTED TO. 141 CLASS 7. FLOOR MATS, STRAW PLAITS AND STRAW WORKS. Floor The export of floor mats has for the last five Mats. or six years greatly increased. At present it amounts to 650,000 yen. The nine parts out of ten are exported to the United States, the rest to England and Hongkong. The steady increase in the United States as well as in the other countries is quite due to the improvement of the work, to the careful selection of materials and the artistic design of figures put on it. The principal producing districts are Bizen, Bingo, Bungo and Chikugo. There are many different kinds such as flower mats, damask mats and brocade mats, mostly exported from Kobe. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table, by which the sudden increase of the export from 1888 can be observed. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia..... yen 216 1,687 7,893 20,835 7,516 Austria......yen - - 246 182 2,629 British America yen 127 1,173 8,801 2,269 3,908 British India...yen - - 833 1,368 1,118 China......yen 555 6,585 - - - Corea......yen - - 535 538 1,012 France...... yen 54 1,082 500 1,272 4,011 Germany...... yen - 6,939 5,610 5,635 Great Britain...yen 3,462 12,175 14,398 18,217 19,767 Hongkong...yen - - 6,876 2,828 11,816 United States...yen 28,915 123,351 116,595 290,565 595,936 Other Countries yen 2,967 2,173 3,268 3,860 2,775 Total......yen 36,296 148,226 166,884 347,544 656,123 16,88.4,4.5'1 142 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAi. straw The export of the straw plaits has began to show some decline for the last five or six years, yet it amounts to 190,000 yen. The United States is the largest customer, England and France come next. The trade for the last five years is shown below. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 hin bundle 12,465 100 - yen 1,920 20 - France bundle 18,148 39,850 38 3,871 17,145 yen 4,708 7,323 14 997 3,740 Areat bundle 129,827 71,577 165,537 18,619 52,236 Britain... yen 27,078 45,472 35,871 2,595 6,971.,t bundle - 4,800 - - taly... yen - 1,140 - - United ~ bundle 1,071,683 772,574 493,879 396,947 669,851 States.. yen 316,623 213,588 109,412 82,682 180,922 Other 5 bundle 390 3,239 9,309 5,636 8,674 Countries/ yen 121 1,015 1,551 923 2,143 Totl bundle 1,23z,513J 992,140 668,763 425,073 747,906 ota yen 350,450 268,558 146,848 87,197 193,776 They are mostly produced at Aichi, Saitana, Tokyo, Okayama, Osaka and other prefectures. In the export from Kobe, the Osaka manufactures hold the seven parts out of tel, and the rest is that of Okayama; Aichi, Saitama and Tokyo manufactures being mostly exported from Yokohama. They are exclusively exported for America. Though the varieties are innumerable, the Kakuuchi Hishiuchi and Hirauchi are mostly exported. In transaction the length of a plait is 60 yards. The straw plait works such as waste paper basket, portable basket, tea case and toys are more or less exported to America, England, France, and Hongkong. The latest export amounts to 19,415 yen. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 143 Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial N ame. N~ame of Principal Person or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) Iseya...*.. —..... Iwasakiya..... Kawa4a, Sh~ten.... (Hy~go Ken) Oha~shi Sh6ten........ Sat6,,..... Suggai.... Dange........ (Osaka Fu) First Hfarada Straw Factory (T,5ky6 Fu) Kawada, Mugiwara Sh~ten Omiya........ (Okayama, Ken) Damask Mats Company. Senooya........ Seiensha.......... Hayashima, Bussan Kwaisha Sat? Sh6ten.... Hashimoto Sh~ten. Fukada Sh6ten........ Sat6 i..... Morishita Chiubei.. Yamag~uchi Heizaburo-.... Watanabe Murajiro-... Ohashi Shatar6.... Sat 6 Enkichi........ Sugai Kamesuke.... Dange Gonz6........ ilarada Inosuke Kawada Tanigor6...... Ban Denbei...... Sat6 Nagatoshi (Head). Imanishi Naohei.... Suzuki Seiiahur6 (Heal) 'Nassh6 Isainu...... Hiramatsti Ishitaro.... Ota Yaheiji...... Sat65 Rihei.......... Hashimoto Teitaro.... Nagahara Kohachi...... Fukada Gisaburo5.... Sat,5 Sbind6.... 144 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: M —anufacturing Business Place. Dealing Articles. Articles. No. 62, 4 ch~me, AioichU, Yokohama. No. 52, 3 chime, No. 20, 2 chbjme,, r9 Sannomiyachr, Kiihe 1 ch~ine, MotoclO, SannomiyachlUi, 4 chame, _Motochr, Osaka No. 120, Motozrsbiki, Rokgomiura, Ebaragbri. No. 4, 1 chikiae, TMri, Nihonbashiku Eshimamum, Tsuug3ri, Bitchin province. Gazana KawarachU, Okayama. Ichiiniyamura, Tsuclakagbri. Hayashimramura, Tsuugiari. Ya-madamura,, Niwasemura, Kayagori. Sewilniura, Tsuug-ri. Straw Flower Mats Straw Works Flower Matts lamask Mats Straw-plaits Straw platits, Boxes & Baskete, i Danmask M'1Sits~ Flower Mats Damlask Mlats COMMLIODITIErS EXPORTED FROM3 c~ IMPORTED TO. 145 Continued. Commercial -Name. Nakajima K,5jo..... Second Damask Mats Co.... Third Saiensha Second ifarada Straw- Ma~t'sI Kiyeigrumi........ Korosnol Kushida-gumi.... Suyama......... (Hiroshimia Ken) (Yania-Vchi Ken) -Someya Sh(-kwai.... (Kagwa Ken) Sanenkwaisha...... (Oita Ken) Ima z uya... (Kumamtoto Ken) Shimodlagund..... -Name oi Principal Pers-on or Owner. Nakano K,5hei........ Sat65 Nagatoshi (Hfead).. Nakamura Uhachi (Director)... Kusudo Sawasabur,5 Harada Inosuke..... Tagawa Mat~sujiro... Korosue, Yahei....... Kushida Saicbir6...... Suyama Sabur6 Kobayashi Ki.chibei.... Ita Yasuke.... Yanagura Jiulhei.... Someya Seijir6........ 'Nakajima Kiusaku. '.IShimoda. K&6z.... Sh~ksha...........IIsbizaka Seishir6..... 146 COMMHERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JTAPAN. Continued: Business Place. SeiiZ~mura, Tsuug-W. Ejimamura Toyosumura, Matsuyamaraura, Kamnifusagiri Kijimamura, Asacucbig~ri Onomichi, Mitiukig~ari MisakinochU, Akamiagasoki RokugZ3mura, Nakag~5ri Kunisakimura, HigashikokutogZuri. Bungo. YamnazaklceW, Kumainoto 2 ch~nme, fShitodf~ri, Kumamnoto I DeaingArtcle. anufacturino, DeaingAricls Articles. ~ Damask mats Straw-plaits Plain or Figured 40 y. mats made of Rush Flower Mats Straw Plaits, Hishigumi, ( Hiragumi. Straw plaits, (Gohnngumi (Shichihowzumi,) Hishigunii. Flower Mats Flower Mats CLASS 8. ROUND FANS, FANS, AND LANTERNS. Van arnd The total. value of export of fans and Round Fan. roun dfans amounts to about 350,000. The United COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM - IMPORTED TO. 147 States occupies the first place in the export of fans, France and Hongkong comes next, and England is the first in the round fans, the United States and Germany come next to it. The tables showing the amount of the export for the last five years. (Fans.) Countries. Australia N O. yen Austria... y yen ( No. Belgium yen British No. America yen British No. India... yen China No. yen Corea yen yen France... y No. Germany ye Great No. Britain yen Hongkong No. yen Italy * o yen Philippine No. Group yen Spain..y No. yen United ~ No. States yen Other No. Countries yen Tota yen ye 1887 85,524 1,863 3,550 219 6,380 304 50,725 1,949 57,778 2,325 3,808,929 52,358 1,208,853 52,549 94,972 3,311 1 1,501,700 44,515 230,779 11,545 4,197,087 76,468 61,581 1,519 1888 1889 309,001 117,38( 6,011 2,37i 201,790 326,742 2,396 7,115 50,860 1,138 1,473 54 46,049 - 717 - 101,912 62,286 2,976 2,416 3,877,553 612,982 51,035 9,775 - 69,765 - 1,223 2,442,478 607,555 63,398 30,988 627,580 342,40k 10,234 7,915 1,322,432 979,546 40,714 32,916 - 2,824,745 - 41,63S 296,253 576,197 11,342 23,092 - 35C - 16 - 50,306 - 810 3,719,265 3,778,723 88,151 90,441 71,333 50,578 1,591 1,312 1890 1891 34,018 1,300 36,804 2,451 7,428 299 59,225 2,422 321,311 5,118 14,371.61 1,463,945 55,447 273,880 8,048 1,063,406 39,883 2,660,727 42,822 687,651 21,365 145 30 236,336 3,884 4,471,164 109,784 88,553 2,334 I 30,682 1,106 66,257 3,480 57,552 1,414 102,065 3,313 362,822 5,414 52,320 702 1,778,226 96,597 232,017 7,389 682,213 24,103 2,620,251 43,081 238,374 7,18~ 16,49Z 1,00'i 287,74E 5,524 6,407,62( 118,02' 72,844 1,53< I I I i I I 5i -. - i - 11,307,858 13,066,506 10,400,6956 L1,418,964 13,007,49( 248,925 280,038 252,132 295,448 319,871 - - 148 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. (Round Fans.) Countries... Australia... N Austria... yo jyen Belgium Sen British No. America... yen British India No. yen China... yNo. Corea... yenO France... Germany... o yen Great Nyo. Britain... yen Hawaii. o. yen Holland... 7o. yen Hongkong... N yen taly. e No. Philippine No. Group... yen Russia... yen Spain...... vyen United No. States... yen Other No. Countries.. yen Total... o. yen 1887 1 1888 11889 10 1890 1891 ~1891 72,845 1,526 3,350 122 2,000 50 83,078 976 538,096 3,661 2,030 38 235,314 3,222 63,006 710 1,832,342 22,644 100 3 9,000 200 158,687 86,520 67,86( 1,930 1,582 68C 5,850 - - 133 - 21,000 16,000 10,012 389 175 1 O' 215,100 4,531 3,873 1,381 239 97 14,270 11,276 16,04( 290 343 222 1,758,309 587,127 52,75E 10,041 3,138 761 5,695 4,790 1,55C 71 65 33 129,446 301,786 519,05C 4,476 5,396 6,932 185,109 135,355 100,776 2,550 3,090 2,197 552,604 587,034 898,203 12,674 11,505 16,060 3,500 600 40 - 41 20 37,283 29,858 -! 5961 919 230i 15700 76,549 271 311 1,591,0ooo00 00 2,520 17i 8 43 2,134,04411,735,1771 979,601 23,399 20,087 13,972 3,943 3,887 11,193 123 221 284 6 39,552 ) 512 2,200 38 68,826 788 504 34,5 1C 1,166 51,117 447 7,831 176 166,762 3,084 76,806 3,640 767,262 18,250 1,416 129 72 2 3 117,300 2,334 10,100 75 120 30 500 7 2,524 25 1,330,072 13,321 39,084 4.19 _. --- 330 7 1,917,234 21,138 9,200 321......... [- I 4,767,924 5,188,785 3,526,966 2,770,467 54,618 57,540 46,756i 43,942 2,716,558 44,450 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4t IMPORTED TO. 149 The reason in the increase of the export is due to the yearly improvement in patterns and shapes and making it as cheap as possible. The principal producing districts are Kyoto, Osaka, Nagoya and Tokyo. In Tokyo and Kyoto first rate articles are made, in Osaka and Nagoya the second rate. To Europe fans having the picture of flowers and animals were exported. To the United States were exported some bearing complicated drawings, besides the picture fans, and other fans to be used for the purpose of advertisment. Lanterns. The Lanterns are manufactured at Osaka, (paper lanterns bearing the picture of flowers and birds) Gifu (Tengujo lanterns with flowers and birds) and Tokyo (paper, with flowers and birds; Hodsuki lanterns). The articles produced at Gifu are the best, exported to the United States, England, Hongkong, and British India. The total value of the export is about 30,000 yen, chiefly shipped from Yokohama and Kobe. 1SO COMMERCE AND JNDUSTIY IN JAPAN. Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial -Namle. (Kanagawa Ken) lwataya.......... (Hy~go Ken) Mayeda Sh6ten. (Osaka Fu) Tsutsuiya.......... Wakasaya........ Shinanoya,.......... Niwaya........... Harimaya........ Nagataya.... (T~bky6i Fu) Ebiya. Izumiya........ Haibara.... Baba............ Ishikaku........ Hirakiu........ Izutsuya........ Okiya............ Kwansei Trading Co..... (Aichi1- Ken) Ogiya............ Sawaya.... (Glifu Ken) Teshigawara Sh~ten.... (Kagawa Ken) -Name oflPrincipal Person — or Owner. Miyada Chiushaichi....... Okada Tsunejir,5..... Mayeda, Tomesabura.. Mitsuhashi Yoshibei.... Morioka Takejiro. Shinano Soisuke 'Niwva Tokusabura.. Fujii Kichiroku.... Hayashi Tokubei.... Hayashi Gisuke.... Inagaki Masashichi.. Uyeki Rinnosuke.... Tamai Shichiroemon.... -Nakamura, N-aojir6..... Baba Kametar6.. Ishikaku Kisabura.... Hirano Klngora.. N\akajima Isuke.... 'Nishida S~sbir6.... ilfamaoka K~tetsu...... Tsukamoto Gisuke...... Sakata Bunsuke.... ]Inoue Mohei.... 'Nakamura Genz,5.... Ichihashi Tsunezi3..... Teshigawara _Naojirb.. Kumihashi Umajir65 Ishii Yohei.1. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 151 Continued: Business Place. Dealng tl~Manufacturing Deln rticles.1 Articles. I i I No. 8, 1 ch~me, 13entendrid, Yokohamn 4 cha3me, Otacha3,oi 2 chi~me, Sakaicho, X~be 3 chb5me, )ffinamiku Jiunkeichts, Osaka 2 chilme, Nagaboribasliisuji, 9 3 cha3me, North Kiuhr~jichi Higa-hiku Osaka 3 chalme, Minamiku Jiunkeichb3, Yobanchoi, Kozu, i 4 cho1me, Iligashiku Minamihoncbl,3 Osaka 2 chb3me, Andojich;D, I 3 chome, Minamikitih~jichU, I No. 2, 2 ch~me; JHoriech5. Nihoulbashiku, Tiokyo3 No. 16, 2 ch~me, Yokoyamiachii, Nihonbashiku o 1 chUme, Tori, Nihonbashiku Matsubara, Yanaginobaba, Namikyuiku, Kyuto Nagaharach5, BukkUljiagaru, Yanagibaba, Kamikyuku. IKyuto GojZokitanuiiru Honshhimneicho. KamikyUlku Tomikuiji. Ky~oo Matsubara Kitanliru, Ebisnyacho, KamikyUlku Tomikriji, Kyoto Shichijominaminiiru. Shiikojichiu, Kamikyoiku. Higashitiln, Kyuto Sanjul Torifuyachoi Higashieiru, Kylite Kamikyoku Nijul-turiteramacbi, Kyoto Shimokyuiku Sakaicho, Kyuto Oshikirichul, Nagoya Kamisonoch3, D Kam-i-ma, Gifu Yoneya D MarugamechU, Nakagturi Fans. Round Fans. Fans and Round Fans. Round Fans. Fans. Found Fans. Latntern. Fans and Round Fans. Round Fans. Fans. Fans, Paper Lanbrn,Round Fans Fans. Paper Lantern ' Lantern & Fans.~ Paper Fans. Paper Round Fans. Round Paper Fans. Fans, Paper and Silk; Round and Square. Hirabone and Hosobone Fans. Lantern with Picture. Round Pans. I 152 C03IMCERCE AND INDUST'iRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 9. SCREENS. The total value of the export is always about 300,000, chiefly exported to England, and next to the United States, Germany, France, Hongkong, British India, Belgium, Australia, and other countries. The trade for the last five years is shown below. Countries. 1837 18887 j 1890 1 91 19 I 89 --- — `-~ --- _ Australia... ye~ Austria...... no. Belgium... o British No. America... yen British India en. China... No H No. yo. Hranceg... No. * yen G-ermasny... Great No. Britain... yen Holland... o. Hono-kong ~cr Italy. eno. United o States. yen (No. Siam......N S.... y~~ I en Other No. Countries... yen Total. ye 1,864 4,195 3,660 2,588 1,558 5,453 11,474 14,002 6,003 4,329 459 971 1,061 836 1,159 1,625 4,319 3,297 3,285 3,040 633 1,610 1,871 1,310 3,379 1,170 3,391 4,980 4,275 6,544 1,073 945 513 402 827 5,073 2,806 1,724 1,433 2,564 1,507 1,421 870 1,364 1,952 5,034 4,S67 3,035 3,827 6767 6,113 9,375 7 53 756 76 19,637 27,001 22,61S - 74 3,4 000' 13,787 6,2 69 90,2f 9,86,0l 9.744i 37,235 18,490 31,399, 30,969 '27,1491 4,769 6,550 5,995 6,867 11,399 13,150 20,520 21,3 7 22,465 28,897 48,119 55,497 30,9821 29,822 62,303 137,019 159,762 124,11 129,13'3 190,682 - 600( 1,583 1,932 -- 1,39 2,604 3,116 - 5,5 t4 4.324 8,010 17,954 12,655 20,216 165 694 379 196 451 783 1,314 1,411 995 1,681 22,342 17,939 23,146 20,207 23,935 46,024 46,354 51,474 44,140 51,815 293 - - - 1,395 - - 488 633 1,513 2,157 786 4,229 2,586 5,638 5,496 3,137..I 101,319 106,392 85,8791 82,272 128,201 276,432 30482791 284,3771 269,754 352,937 COMM-TODITIE S EXPORTED FROM IMPORTED TO. 153 The principal producing places are Kobe and Kyoto. There are different qualities such as papar screen, Victoria lawn screeni, muslin screen, anad silk screen. The first class screen is that of bearing the figureworks of flowers arid birds, and those that have landscape~s and humnan figuires are not approved-. Exporters and' Manufacturelrs of the Screen. Commiercial -Name. (Kanagawa Ken) (ily~ogo Ken) Ohashii Sh~ten... S k O ~ 9.. iftlatsumoto......... IYokoyama.........(Te~ky6 Pi.) i (Ky~to Fa) Aburaya.... Takashimaya.... N-ame of Principal Person or Owner. Okada Tsunejiri.. Ohashi Sh~tar6.. Seka Sh6zaemon.... Matsumoto Zenlshichi. Yokoyama Yasuboil........ Shiozaki LKiubei and Shiozaki Heishichi Iwauioto KuwazO.. Tanaka Rishichi Jida Shinsh-ichi.......... Tanaka Seishichi'...... I 154 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The size and shape vary to three, four, and six foldings, in length to 3 shaku. 5 sun, 4 shaku 5 sun, 5 shaku, 5 shaku 5 sun, and 6 shaku with suitable breadth. Most exquisite and complicated iworks on the screen are done in TokycO and Yokohama, but their export being decidedly small. Continued: Business Place. DaIngAtce.Manufacturing, i eln rtce. Articles. c 4 ch~3me,. Otamachi, Yokohama Sannomiyachi5, K~lbe 2 clilme, Shinmoyamated~ri, K~be 6 ch~me, Motochi3, Kt~be Sannomiyachi% KZlbe Ka3be Port No. 38, 2 ch~ime, Iidaumachi, K~bjimachiku Taliyo Karasumafud~ri, Shichijoagara, Sakuragicha, Kamniky~iku, 1{y~to Karasumnarud~ri, Takateujisagaru, YakushimaeclZ, Kamiky~iku, Kyr~to Shichijr~d~ri, Karasumarn Nislijeiru Higashi SakaichW Kamnikyi~ku,Kyiito Screen Paper Screen. Screen, Paper. Muslin, Shirting, Victoria Lawn, and Velvet. J1.1 Screen Embroidered Screens. Embroidered, Velvet, Screen. Ornamental Materials for Screen, COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 155 CLASS 10. UMBRELLA AND JAPANESE UMBRELLA. Umbrella. The export of umbrella has greatly increased in late years. In 1891 it amounted to one hundred and sixty thousand yen. The countries of export are China in the foremost place, Hongkong, British India, Corea and Russia follow it. They are manufactured in Osaka and Tokyo, Osaka having the ninetenth of it. The varieties are the silk, muslin, and cotton muslin umbrellas, among which the cotton muslin umbrellas are abundantly manufactured. Kobe is the chief port of export, Osaka and Yokohama are next to it. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British No. - - 2,271 1,372 17,849 India...... yen - - 727 325 3,525 China No. 65,434 156,282 271,682 413,279 586,874 1yen 25,230 52,145 77,071 102,745 140,105 Corea No. 1,741 2,167 2,692 1,989 5,883 yen 969 1,156 1,077 925 2,083 H gk No. - - 11,649 33,556 42,870 yen - 4,326 9,423 13,932 Rusia -o - 976 106 3,498 Russia...... ~ N o. yen - - 499 92 1,339 Other Countries No. 540 716 810 506 908 Other Countries yen ___^ ___^ ___^ ___^g__ yen 657 550 556 718 520 Total No. 67,7 1i 159,165 290,08( 450,8o)U 657,882 ol yen 26,856 53,851 84,256 114,228 161,504 Japanee. The total value of the exported Japanese umUmbrella. brellas amounts to between 20,000 to 40,000 yen. They are exported to eighteen different countries. Hongkong 156 CCOM.MERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. is the first, British India second, England, Corea,France, the United States of America, Germany and so on. The places of manufacture are the two prefectures of Hiroshima and Gifu, and Kyoto and Osaka Fu. The first class articles are made in Kyoto and Osaka, but in number they are far behind of the above mentioned prefectures. In the first class articles the pictures are painted in different colours with brushes, but that of the inferior articles the pictures are stenciled. Though the shape and size vary great deal, those that have the pictures of flower and birds are mostly approved. The umbrella is sometimes used to adorn the front of the stoves. Yokohama is the chief port of export, and Kobe and Osaka are next to it. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table: Countries. 1887 1888 i 1889 1890 1891 A i No. 4,655 11,714 12,257 3,598 66 usra yen 617 1,314 960 779 3 No. 1,020 1,650 2,815 532 2,860 Austren 2271 a 458 109 25Y B u No. 740 1,456 4,328 6,957 2,200 Belgium yen 104 298 446 575 142 British No. 2,868 1,144 359 617 889 America... yen 164 81 41 64 171 India... yen 686 855 834 896 7,854 Chi. No. 66,322 58,021 420 1,057 1,574 China...... yen 5,235 5,113 49 221 230 No. 20,371 18,760 10,233 40,398 50,512 orea yen 2,023 1,805 1,127 4,744 4,564 co. 65,824 15,390 12,250 24,244 20,944 rance yen 6,398 1,613 879 1,785 3,165 ( GrNo. 13,922 30,963 40,819 30,172 17,542 ermyen 620 2,395 6,138 3,736 1,053 Great No. 98,830 228,093 44,392 100,171 110,003 Britain... yen 8,721 23,123 6,943 9,268 6,473.I COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 157 Countries. 1887 188 1889 1890 1891 I ----- Hawaii.... No. yen Holland. No. yen Hongkong... yen Italy... yen Philippine No. Group... yen Russia..yen Siam... No. yen United States. No. yen Other 5 No. Countries... yen Total...... ye.i. (yen 60 48 6 5 15,119 2,351 80 1.5 254 127 10 2 182 41 86 140 59,980 4,543 150 100 20 30 45,282 3,669 1,087 203 256 553 42,83C 4,584 8,499 614 102 28 42,761 3,858 372 29 46 28 12,532 1,973 874 61 24 36 20 2 124,950 10,423 1,000 35 17 9 19,100 2,414 224 28 307,1siI 433,038 233,568 271,646 427,104 27,214 41,658 26,928 28,154 36,890 Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. U -j V% Go ComrilNm. Name of Principal Buieslc. artices MArticls ComrilNm. Person or Owner. BsnsPlc. Atle turing (Osaka Fu) Umbrella Co....... (Thky6 Pu NipponSankosu w ish Kimua Umrell Rib Wokso Iwasai Umrell Rib (ipoifunkt Ken) sb Teshigawara, shdten.... Inouye Asashi.... Yoshida Sadashichi (Head) Rokushima llatsusabur6 r7suwa Gisuke... Kitagawa Shimataro NL'inami Tamesabur6 K(awase Yoshitarb.. Fujii Cblaijro...... Yamada, Isabur5.... F'ukushima Naojir6. Kubota S~zabur,5 (D'tor) Kimura Ichizl5 [wasaki Kiyoharn.... Te-shiga~wa Naoj'iroSugiyama Shinshichi 4 chl~nie, Milnamiku, Jiunkeicld5, Osaka. 4 ch~me, Hcigashiku, AwvajichrS, 3 chi~me, HonchU5, Higashiku, 4 ch~3me, KawaraehU3, -3 chiame, HonchU3, 4 clhrme, Kitakduhi3jichi3, 4 ch~me, H~onchU3, 4 ch~3me, Azuchichii,,, 2ch~5me, Kawvarachh S,, 4 chj3rne,,AwajichrS, No. 15, TakasagochrS. Nihonbashiku, TUi3ky. No. 8, Kitafutabachi3, Elonjoku, T61kyy3. No. 6, Hlisakatachi3, Koishikawakii Ti~kyrS. Gifu City. Saiadoi, Gif t. Umbrella Jaans Umrela Silk and Cotton Umbrella. Umbrella Ribs of all kinds. Parasol. 0~ NI N1 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 159 CLASS 11. THE GAMPI PAPERS, WALL PAPERS, FOREIGN PAPERS, LEATHER PAPERS, OTHER PAPERS AND PAPER WORKS. Papers. The papers are manufactured in every part of the empire. As to the quality, colours, size, fineness and thickness, there are great varieties accordingly, the name given to them differ in the different localities. At present the chief export consists of the gampi, foreign, and wall papers. The gampi papers are manufactured in the provinces or Mino, Tosa, and Suruga, the foreign papers in Tokyo and Osaka, and the wall papers in Tokyo; besides, the Torinoko papers are manufactured in Mino, Tosa, and Tokyo; the Toyo papers in Chikuzen and Chikugo; the Yoshino papers in Mino. In transaction, the price of the Yoshino and gampi is set on every 10,000 sheets, the torinoko on every 500 sheets and the wall papers on a roll of 36 by 3 shaku. The total value of the export amounts to about 260,000 yen. The wall papers are mostly exported to the Dominion of Canada, Australia, and other countries. The gampi is exported to England, the United States, France, China and other countries; the foreign paper to China and other countries; the other papers are exported to China, the United States, England, Corea and other countries. The torinoko, yoshino, gami and wall papers are exported from Yokohama; the foreign paper from Kobe; the Toyo papers from Nagasaki. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table. 160 COMMERCE AM) INDUSTBY IN JAPAN. Gampi Paper. Countries. 187 I 1888 IS'SO 1890 1891 Chn catty 5,544 3,180 2,763 2.671 6,7 2 ~yen 2,664 1,875 2,201 1,547- 3001 France, ~ c'tty1 29,749 16,984 94,662 8, 33 2 25,5681 yen 18,982 10,978 14,422 5,218.14 1962L Great ~ ct< 9,661 24, 1 '2 25,663 19815 79 Britain. ~yeni 5,787 14,372 1 7404 11,343 16,051 ca~tty! 33 - I 16 3,7 1 G 2299 Flongkong(r yen 21 - 3 2,1691 1, 15 United &rittv 10,014 20,9'12 7512 21,614 27 8U7)' Stiates..yen I 5,138) 1-2,012 4,019 12,607i 1 5,2)21 Other tt1 1 1635 lOS 48).1,781j 2 07~! Clountriies t yen 721 Sil 25 1,204' 8 41' Total..5 cattvl F 6 65,3661 62,961 5 7, 92w (d Foreign Paper. Countries. 187 1888 1889 18"90 1 Belgium ye..-.-.-ye7 BritishlIndia... yen - 0 70 8! & China.....yell 5,720 8.770- 3,523 4. 31311, Coroa....ycll 47 303 189j 8071 I 0' France.. yen~ 1,4501 Grea~t Britain. yeb-! 1 541 40T Rolla~nd yenj -4 C Hongkoncr yen; - - ), Italy....y e j 471 I'Philippine Islands.. v. eul - 53 Russia....yen 1,58 28 1 1 4-1 United States. yen 1J)S,6 Other Countries. ycu __ __ _ _ _ __' Total. yelli ~~-u Z~u i ~ COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM S4 IMPORTED TO. 161 Wall Paper. Countries. 1887 Australia... yen 550 British America... yen - China...... yen 903 Great Britain... yen 41,192 Hongkong... yen United States.. yen 12,425 Other Countries... yen 008 Total... yer o,),6iY 1888 1889 1 1890 18891 4,054 6,795 3,053 1,168 - 765 97( 3,043 535 - - 51,642 52,761 79,082 51.142 - - 1,944 3,8s2 11,907 12,632 15,503 14,631 2599 759 1.1l09 1.1 1 0, -j 3, 1.7 - l o6.-T, Other Papers. Countries. 1887 188 1889 1890 1891 1, C ontie., - Australia...... yen 194 5C 320 29 19 Austria.....yen - 592 - Belgium...... en 70 10 5( British America... yeni 56 135 46 3 British India... yen 358 865 118 884 35f China......... yen 52,031 70,874 54,945 64,326 58,03, Corea......... yen 1,725 2,033 1,503 3.094 4,32. Frnce......... yen 1,508 2,598 2,026 4,076 3,481 Germany...... yen 1,033 1,695 1,081 1,511 1,903 Great Britain... yen 5,391 8,8521 7,334- 14,70(0 12,257 Hawaii...... yen 51 1 - 21 Holland...... ven - 1 - 115 28 Hongkong...... yen - 19,93 13,588 14,20(C Italy........... yen o 75 - 244 69 6(1 Philippine Group yen 79 - - 22 Russia...... e...yn... 960 918 1,394 1,363 Sweden...... yen - 49 - 45 United States... yen 4,791 8,538 10,797 10,588 15,514 I Other Countries... yen 27 280 910 507 72: _ Total...... yen 68,297 97,uo o.Stf6 114,)051 112,81j 1G2 CO.MMEICE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Paper Works. The paper works are the products special to Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka. They are made into napkins, plate server, papers for advertisment having flowers and birds and other figures printed in different colours, letter papers and envelopes and other paper works. The export of the paper can not be said large, it amounts to 160,000 yen. The first country of export is the United States, England, France and other countries coming next to it. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table: — Paper Manufactures. (Chiefly Exported from Yokohama and Kobe.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia... yen 832 1,294 1,131 833 1,330 Belgium...... yen 420 511 1,399 British America..... yen 710 1,407 389 942 1,258 British India... yen - - 307 355 1,394 China..... yen 1,290 4,082 - - France..... yen 10,852 14,738 8,448 6,182 14,894 Germany... yen 3,613 7,434 13,79S 10,544 8,617 Great Britain.. yen 7,805 15,367 21,316 40,051 47,481 Hongkong... yen - 2,944 1,381 6,661 United States...... yen 33,701 32,384 43,775 45,495 76,755 Other Countries... yen 1,817 1,375 2,463 2,684 2,201 Total... yen 60,u 78,081 94,992 108,986 161,990 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROIM 4 IMPORTED TO. 163 Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. I * Name of Principal Person Commercial Name. or Owner. ---—.... (Kanagawa Ken) Tanikawa Shoten....... (Osaka Fu) (Nagasaki Ken) Matsunobegumi Sh6ten.... (Toky6 Fu) Hattori Kwairy5 Shiten...... Sato Sh6ten......... Haibara Iseya............ Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha...... Yamada Wall Paper Manuf'tory Nippon Wall Paper Co....... Edogawa Paper Manutacturing Co. Oji'Paper Manufacturing Co.... Ito WVall Paper Manufactory... (Kyoto Fu) Isono Paper Manufactory Tanikawa Fukutar6 Kadota Risuke............ Matsunobe Jiukichi... HIattori Genzabnro....... Sat5 Torakiyo......... Nakamura Naojir...... Hirose Sei....... Mitsui Yonosuke......... Wagura Naosuke........ Masuo Jiusabur...... Yamada Jirobei....... Matsuda Tokichi (Head).... Nose Hisanari (Head)...... Tani Keiz6 (Manager).... Ito S6jir............ Isono Koemon...... 164 COMMTERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: -- J~usuessPlac. Dt lugArtiles anufacturing BusiessPlac. Daiing Atices. Articles. No. ch~no, Yoko ~I Piper of all kinds'! 3 cb~me, Toblit.~nhZ3. HigninR-kaii Nkhbihrtmachi5. Nagasaki. No. 5, 1 ch;3ine, Horitaei6 3.\Niholn Gampishi paper hahkSo~0and other papers. Paper Mlanufac-I,No. 6, NishirnistjichIZ, Asakin) ttures. Envelopes, Scb~rme. TZ~ri, Nihonbashika, Letter ptaper -tnd ohr papersj.No. 19,3Motoi-waichri. Kandaku. P iper Works. No. 5, Eabutoch5, ANihnbaghiku. papers. Paper Manufac-i ChitossechU, Fnkagawakn,,, tues No. 46, KarniyoshichU, Asakusaku,, Wail paper. No. 55, KojirnachO3, Wall aper Wall paper, Br-lim paper, and, papor for Screen.! Japane-se paper,I Usuy6 paper, Letter p.aper. Paper for Print'gi,,No. 2, M~itashikokuInsafchi, Shibaku, INo. 38, N\IishigokenchO. Uvbigomeku. No. G0, 6jimura, Kit~atoshirnaggrai..N-o. 28, YamagihO5, Koishikawakii. Azana Ni~shimnsedzu, Umedzunnanra IKadzonoguri. il 11 I I i I I oWall paper. 'Wall paper, and! Foreign paper. ipaper used for N~ews paper. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM q' IMPORTED TO. 165 CLASS 12. COAL, CHARCOAL, COKE AND PATENT FUEL COAL. -oal. 'The total value of the export of this article amounts 4,000,000 yen. The first country of export is Hongkong; China, British India, Philippine Islands, the United States, Corea, Australia, and other countries come next to it. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table:(Coal.) I Countris. 1.887 1888 1889 Australia.... y n. ~yen. - British (ton. - - 450 America... (yen - 2,025 British ton. 8,635 54,669 31,347 Inlia... (yen 30,223 195,132 146,528 Chton. |136,661 303,983 270,892 Chna (... yen 465,402 902,606 1,061,318 ton. 200 1,016 6,630 Coreyen 38 3,137'1 28,249 G Ieat ton. -- | 1,795 Britain... yen - - 8,688 ton, - Haw.aii ton. yen - ton. - I 237,594 Hongkong.. yen - 1,038,718 Philippine ton. 15,523 3,320 Group... yen 8 56,736 14,380 R. ton. 301 3,968 Russia yen 1,338 21,514 United ton. 34 11,234 2,353 States... yen 13 36,751 14,490 Other ton. 35 84 100 Countries., yen 149 366 450 Total ton. 145,567 387,5250 558,449.. yen 496,292 1,197,826 2,339,36( Coal for ton. 559,368 588,039 330,361 Ships' Use (yen 1,841,514 1,988,212 1,597,087 1890 _. 1891 I 2,600 15,600 17,371 81,196 227,309 876,375 4,898 18,466 1,600 5,750 248,165 1,049,532 45,921 173,550 1,523 8,465 460 2,070 18,526 74,984 75,675 259,716 644,048 2,565,704 53,030 203,629 272,202 1,003,965 3,943 13,720 1,010 7,070 301,352 1,202,615 25,947 91,127 233 1,329 15,536 67,891 491 2,940 673,744 2,594,286 361,162 344,501 1,696,227 1,570,532 I 166 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. (Dust Coal.)..,, Countries yeton. Australia... (yen BritishIndia ton. yen China... toen Hongkong... ten Philippine ton Group... yen ton. Russia yen yen Other ton. Countries. yen Total ton.n yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 - - 2,301 - 9,204 - 1,400 300 650 3,368 3,150 1,350 2,600 7,829 85,589 65,974 69,387 68,607 126,035 213,074 198,103 214,287 - 98,434 132,809 149,078 - 194,563 311,365 360,829 800 - 2,212 - 1,800 - 9,106 - - 300 120 - - 1,200 480 - - j 3 1,883 523 - 5 3,301 1,9721 87,789 165,011 209,362 221,576 130,985 410,192 934,159 584,9171.., Note: In the column of 1888, the figures of China comprise those of Hongkong. Charcoal. The total value of the latest export is 71,998 yen, being chiefly exported to China and Corea. The producing places of this class are Takashima, Karatsu, Taku, Hirado in Hizen province; Buzen and Bungo provinces; Nnamadsuda in Chikuzen; Miike in Chikugo; Horonai in Kitamzi. There are two kinds, the black and red coal, of which the demand for the black coal being very large. Nagasaki is the chief city of export; Kobe and Yokohama come next to it. COMMODITIEs EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTBD TO. 167 Exporters and Manufactures of the Above Mentioned Articles: Commerci al Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) (Hyg~go Ken) Sumiki Sh6ten. K~be Branch Office of Miits~ui Bussan Kwaisha. Oshimaya........ (Nagasaki Ken) Itakuhanbai Kwaisha.... (Hokkaid6) HokkaidI6 Baitangumi. (T~ky6 Fu) Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.... (Yamaguchi Ken) Uriu Sh~kai......... Kumamoto Sh6kai. Wakaba (Fukuoka Ken) Yasukawa Shiten A-sano Sh~ten....... As-ada Matashichi (Agent of Mitsubishi Co.) Nishikawa Hanz6. Kawamura Yoneza...... Kasuga Kiz6........ Tanaka K6suke (Manager).. Oshima Heitar6... Miyazaki Giichi.... Miyazoe Kichibei (Hfead) Nishikawa Kiyoshi... Ikegami N.\akasabunr6 (Head- of Otaru Branch). Mitsui Y6nosuke..... Uriu. Tora.......... Kumamoto Eiichir65.. Wakaba Tokusabur6 Yasukawa Kii'chir,3... Asano S6ichir6....... 168 CO-11f1hJ'RC.IXD INDUSTRY IN JA4PAN, Contmn:c1:l Business Plaec~. 00-nie, M-o1,ohamae)ho, Yokohama. ebo C1!e, S ikaiiliU, K31he. Ben encli5o Ih c1oeSakailc~i~, 3 (lo~fe, Mdaig.an, 3 ehome, Motoch75, I1 cho le, Sakaieh5, UrignshimacbU, Y.agwauaki. fmaecho, Dcahn ~ manufacturinog Arils~ Articles. Coal. 1'rmivac)1y, TAkashinutg~ri, Shiribes! 1 No. 5 'Kabutoeha~, Nhnal Ilig mhSJi11abn~chZ, Akamatgms ld City. hi KimloOZikich5, Mfoji Port. CLASS 13. VEGITABLE WAX, RXkPESEED, RAPESEED OIL, OILS, LARD A.ND HONEY. FIsHr Oi1, OTHER VegtaleThe vegetable wax is the product special to Wax. Chikuzen, Chikugo, Hizen, Higo, IIyo, Buzen, COJlMMODITIES EXPORI'ED FROM d IIPORTED TO. 169 and Iwami, among which Chikuzen, Hizen and Iyo produce the largest quantity. The total value of the export is always about three hundred thousand yen. Hongkong occupies the first place, the United StatOs and Franoe conrr next. The export from Kobe occupies thl3 nine-tlnth, and the rest are exported from Osaka and Nagasaki. The price is set on every hundred catties, the trale for thl last five years is shown below. Countries 1887 1888 4 1889 1890 1891 Australia... yen Belgium.. jyen British tcItty IniliA... (yen ChimL... yen Fr.nce,., e Germany... e Great c xtty Britain.... yen Holland { c.ttt Honokon-... ytt yen Italy... t yen. - yen Philippine catty Group... yen United catty States... yen Other catty Countries yen Total. catty ' yen 4,415 7,028 9,938 52,695 15,598 652 1,102 1,432 6,858 1,849 - 7,952 31,363 160 24,08C 1,3(0 4,431 20 2,833 - - 4,078 21,608 30,00C -581 2,926 3,443 1,175,802 1,775,6 1 36,692 23.943 13,491 169,264 258,765 5,625 3,252 1,612 169,39:3 166,303 161,566 220,746 95,09C 25,997 25,029 21,958 28,820 11,263 342,190 109,180 4.3,057 134,225 82,711 52,971 16,361 60,853 17,595 9,283 296,603 262.746 283,577 64,908 69,41a 44,851 38,691 39,014 8,396 7,771 - 7,827 - - _ 1,100 -- 1,298,674 1,296,084 2,136,834 -- 180,502 169,563 254,832 8,146 295 - - - 1,218 50 - - - - 1,54,7 25,353 11,041 - 200 3,149 1,281 196,918 268,306 249,799 206,051 187,735 31,037 39,816 34,715 25,892 21,82( 3,113 5,716 1,576 3,065 7,04( 455 868 230 376 83C 2,191,b0Y 2,603,137 2,529,69412,048,8:38,673,057 326,445 381,982 350,641 266,847 316,836 170 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Fish Oi. The total amount of the export of fish oil is about 170,000. In the country of export Germany occupies its first place, England, Hongkong, France and others come in next. The producing districts are Otaru, Akkeshi and Hakodate in Ilokkaido. The oil is extracted from herring, sardine, shark, whale, codfish &c., from which raw oil and refined oil are made. In quality whale oil is best, and that of Shark and cod-fish come next to it, and that of herring and sardine come in third. The transaction is done in every hundred catties. Yokohama exports the fourfifth, and Kobe, the rest. The trade for the last five years is shown below. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Ausralia catty 129,066 62,652 22,554 35,481 86,262 usyen 5,758 2,492 992 1,654 3,741.r.h Iia. catty 34,224 54,256 111,488 281,784 123,060 British Ind en 1,486 2,004 4,292 12,421 5,297. catty 352,491 81,405 - - China. yen 14,109 3,033 - - C. catty 46,446 64,910 148,938 Corea. yen - 1,481 2,272 5,259 Fr e catty 248,993 632,465 138,073 164,829 286,061 aen 10,404 23,572 4,741 6,874 12,051 ( catty 83,360 488,753 904,043 859,963 2,104,866 Germany yen 3,168 20,615 36,964 35,733 87,423 Great B n catty 37,735 267,237 362,445 20,136 1,012,194 yen 1,701 10,405 16,583 937 40,544 n catty - _- 225,372 69,520 514,494 Hongkong... - 9,632 2,889 21,414 Unitd Stcate ty 22,604 48,647 113,279 10,800 1,37] yen 815 1,946 5,886 459 70 Other catty 11,475 7,626 1,749 - 61 Countries... yen 531 207 93 _ 3 Total. catty 919,948 1,643,041 1,925,449 1,507,423 4,277,307 oa..yen 37,972 64,274 80,664 63,239 175,802 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 171 R^le-.eed The amount of the export of rapeseed oil is about 120,000 yen. The first country of export is Hongkong, and England is next to it. Kobe and Osaka are the ports of export, the producing districts are Kaidsuka and Sakai in Izumi province; Osaka and Nishinomiya in Settsu; Satsuma &c. In quality those of Izumi, Osaka and Nishinomiya rank first. It is transacted in every hundred catties. The trade for the last five years is given in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China catty 3,682 65,733 - - yen 239 4,055 - - - Corea catty 14,581 11,735 9,705 5,731 13,388 yen 922 745 792 475 1,016 Great... catty - 67,650 56 - 516,278 Britain... yen - 4,749 5 - 35,138 oncatty - - 104,975 82,132 1,341,959 Hongkong... ye i n yen - - 8,892 6,534 92,440 United scatty 1,110 11,206 32,544 8,953 11,895 States... yen 61 984 2,784 842 997 Russia catty 3,845 4,830 - Russia en 219 258 - Other 5 catty 27 - 1,287 914 1,312 Countries yen 1 - 115 82 86 yen 1,44 10,791 12,588 7,933 129,677 Rape-seed. The total export value of rapeseed amounts to 180,000 yen. England occupies the first place in respect of the export, Hongkong coming next to it. The producing districts are Chikuzen, Chikugo, Higo, Satsuma, Omni, Echizen, Buzen, Bungo, Suwo, Uzen, Ugo and Hokkaido. The first class articles are produced in Chikuzen, Chikugo, Omi, Ephizen, and Hok 172 COMMI.ERCE ANDD INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. kaido. It is transacted in hundred catties. Kobe is the first port of export, and Nagasaki is the next. The trade for the last five years is as follows: Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 i,. I _ _ I A tr catty 12,675 - 11,7601 3365,400 Australia... ___ j 1yg ^^! ' yen 340 - 1091 412 1,143! catty - 84 001 168,000 Belgium...-y-en - 3j'69 yen!,75 3,6961' 1,( catty 10,1201 877,2291 - I a en 301 22,984 - Fr e catty 2 20,0(C 6,9751 606,810! France. yen 4901 172 17,7(!i Great catty 95,280 5 558,255,821,3571 397,238 3,172,2741 Britain yen 2,552 161,189 165,984 13,904 1, O796 Honkon catty - - 1,265,4328 206,040,951,6631 *yen 41- i489| 6,93t7 91,225! United catty - 1 85,0321 states.. yen - - 2,736 - Oter catty 155 2,1801 24,570) 3 Countries. yen ____ 61 50i 921| -- Total catty 138,23l 1,444,639 6,89,5571 73,073 6 159,33T T l (yen 3,689 39,395 231,714 24,9.51 189,164 yen 3 3, 4 3 41 COMMO0DITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 17a 91 Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial N-'ame. (By6go Ken) Yoshidaya.......... T'emmanya............... Kitagumi................. Hy6go Branch Office of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.......... (Osak-a Fii) Tsukushi Bleach Wax Work 'S ho p Sottsu Oil Manufactory. ('Nagasaki Ken) Itakuhambai Kwaiisha..... (Tokyo Fu) Branch Shop of Mditsui Bussan YuasayaKwaislia (Yamacquebi Ken) Wakaba Sh~$kwaii.. Name of Principal Person or Owner. Yoshida Kinsuke..... Hachida Ch6bei....... Kawauchi Torajir6 (Manager) Tanaka K~suke (Manager) Fujimoto Zensuko. iTanizawa Jirohei..... Matsuura Jinsabur6.. Yoshiwara Chiyo..... Tsukushi Hanshichi (Owner) Shikata Seishichi (Head).. Miyazoe Kichibei. Iwade 8S5bei... Mitsui Y6nosuke..... Odsu Yoemon.......... Wakab~a Tokusabur6..... 174 COMM011t.1ERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAM. Continued:Business Place. Dealing Articles. ManufacturinoArticles. Fish Oil and Tobachb5, Hyi5go, Ka3be. Rape-seed Oil. 3 chilme, Kaigan,,, Vegetable Wax. Fukiaimura,,, Square Wax. Ka3be. Rape-seed. Osaka city. 6 chi-me, Kitahorie Shitadi'ri, Nishiku, Osaka. Okawach3, Higashiku, Osaka. JiunikenchZ5, Shimofukushimamura, Niahinarigrri. Nagasaak City. No. 6, figashldaikuchi5, Fukagawaku. 2 ch~me, Echizenhori, Nihonbaskiku. No. 2, KamesumichU, Fukagawaku. Rape-seed Oil. Bleached Wax, Vegetable. pRaepe-seed Oil. Rape-seedi. Fish Oil. Rape-seed. Akamagaseki City. —I I - I --- - --- --- -- - --- COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 175 CLASS 14. CAMPHOR, CAMPHOR OIL, GINSENG, SULPHUR, MENTHOL CRYSTAL, PEPPERMINT OIL, GALL NUT, SULPHURIC ACID, NITRIC ACID, STARANISE, GLUE, CHINA ROOT, HANGE, CUBEBA OFFICINALIS OR GOSHUYU, GENTIAN, OBAKU OR KIWADA, PEONY BARK, CORNEL OR SANSHUYU, MICA, CASSIA BARK, HONEY, ORCHIS, DYES, MEDICINE AND DRUG. Camphor. The total export value of camphor amounts to 600,000 yen, chiefly exported to Hongkong, the rest are exported to the United States, England, Germany, China, France and other countries. The trade for the last five years is as follows: Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British catty 40,529 -- 3,120 27,366 2,551 India... (yen 7,122 - 840 12,535 1,003 China Catty 2,770,189 2,250,973 171,606 144,537 166,358 a(yen 455,813 497,644 41,941 56,242 57,286 France catty 133,626 181,782 439,083 473,683 64,545 " yen 23,69C-8 44,300 142,235 215,829 25,202 Germany catty 558,47. 615,438 793,986 143,767 220,158 ea yen 99,518 146,835 224,708 58,820 83,02C Great Catty 841,717 213,303 1,158,439 1,260,838 355,315 Britain... yen 156,702 49,589 332,793 588,951 136,048 Hongkong. Catty - - 1,207,61T 1,448,588 2,292,368 y ygyen - - 308,605 603,814 837,145 Italy..... _ _ 'yen - 4,04( - - - United catty 2,133,01( 1,279,293 1,197,92' 965,043 1,327,703 States... yen 387,641 275,465 340,23C 395,782 489,375 Other catty 541 81 6C 60 51 Countries. (yen 91 15 11 _21 16 Total 5 catty 6,478,094 1,555,469 1,971,848 1,463,881 +,4z,,051 (yen 1,130,59, 1,017,888 1,391,372 1,931,994 1,629,105 The camphor is manufactured in Tosa, Satsuma, Chikuzen, Chikugo, Hizen, Higo, Buzen, Bungo, 17 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Osumi, Hiuga, Kii, Izu, Suruga, Awa, Kazusa and other provinces. There are four kinds, namely, perfect-dried camphor, well-dried camphor, local camphor, and residue camphor. By perfect and well dried camphor, it means that camphor, is in good dried state; by lacal camphor is meant that it is in the original state just as it was conveyed from local districts by residue camphor is meant that the camphor oil was separated fromn it at Osaka, Kobe and Yokohahama. The perfect, and well dried camlphors are chiefly exported to Europe and America, the local camphor (Yamagata) and rcsidue (Saisei) camphor are mostly exported to China. It is transacted in one hundred catties, and chiefly exported fromr Kobe, and next from Nagasaki. Camiphor Camphor oil is made by the extraction of Oil. camphor from raw oil, and is chiefly exported from Kobe. The total value amounts to some 40,000 yen. It is exported to Germany, the United States, England and China and other countries.,Gi,,seng. The ginseng amounts to some 200,000 vye in export. Exported to China and Hongko.ng. It is consumled by the Chinese and those exported to Hongkong are said to be transported to the intcernal China. The trade for the last five years is as follows: — COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM,. IMPORTED TO. 177 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China.. catty 107,047 80,413. 68,415 108,136 64,911 a yen 119,754 104,703 113,933 156,358 111,538 Tongkong... catty - - 27,285 '73,242 62,871 yHongkon. en - - 35,130 91,418 85.914 Total. catty 107,047 80,413 95,700 181,378 1I7,782 yotal. en 119,754 104,703 149,0631 247,7761 197,852 The ginseng is the product special to Aizu in Iwashiro, Shinano, Nikko in Shimotsuke, Yonezawa in Uzen, and Izumo. Among them the largest quantity is produced in Aizu, and Izumo and Shinano come next to it. In quality Izumo ranks first, Aizu and Nikko come next, and Shinano and Yonezawa come third to it. In transaction, the price is set on a catty according to the weight of each hundred roots. Solely exported from Yokohama and Kobe. SuXlphur. The total export value of sulphur is about 280,000 yen, exported chiefly to the United States, and the rest to China. The trade for the last five years is shown below. I 1887 1888 1,788,508 2,281,140 23,170 31,952 31,018 54,815 501 1,129 - I - 1889 1890 1891 80,853 1,237,356 240,0531 809 11,054 4,8251 327,670 458,440 398,411 4,897 6,142 5,021 - 20,377 223,546 - 200 2,401 116 240,000 - 1 2,880 84.f1 100,800, 1,013 9 1,200 9 576,260 2,248,521 2,144,781 5,900 26,655 26,747 178 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 }United (catty 12,805,803 9,077,150 32,474,792 26,711,375 28,603,428i States. (yen 112,351 87,622 300,788 214,179 245,012j Other catty - 13,272 59,909 69,563 51,8131 Cts... yen - 200 919 973 8161 mTotl 5 catty 14,t625,329 11,4z6,377 33,520,44 t 3l, 06,432[ 31,663,045 j (yen 136,022 120,903 313,323 263,283 284,831 Although the sulphur is produced in Hokkaido, Kiushiu, Bonin Islands, the articles exported are, for the most part, the production of Kushiro, Kunajiri, Shari, Iwanai and Komui in Hokkaido and of Rikuchiu. It is chiefly exported from Hakodate. In transaction the price is set on each hundred catties of best quality. aall-nuts. The total value of the latest export is 54,033 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong. Stlphllrit Acild. The total value of the latest export is 33,983 yen, and chiefly exported to China. C'lina Root. The total value of the latest export is 13,384 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong. Peppermint Oil. The total value of the latest export is 39,656 yen, and chiefly exported to England, Hongkong, France, and Germany. lenthol Cry-stal. The total value of the latest export is 49,660 yen, and chiefly exported to England, United States, Germany and Hongkong. Star-alise. The total value of the latest export is 63,888 yen, and chiefly exported to China. Peony Bar.k. The total value of the latest export is 13,811 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong. Otler Drugs. The total value of the latest export is 57,825 yenl, and chiefly exported to Hongkong & China. v rI-r-r VLI ~~~~V-~V-LS VL~V YVI Y — Vn Fxporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. commercial -Name. NeofPicpl Business Place. Deln Marnufc Person or Owner. Articles. trn Articles. (Iiy,5o Ken) i.layashi Sh6ten.... lHranoya....... 1(,5be Branch Shop of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha Ikeda Sh~ten.......... K6be Branch Shop of Sumitomo...... Sein~ba,.... (Osaka Pu). Hinoya...... Fushimiya........... Iriniya..... Hayashi Sadao Hfirano Jiutar6.... Tanaka K~suke (M'ger) [keda Kwanbei.... Tanabe Teikichi (M'ger) Komatsu Kusuya,.. Komatsu Naokichi Hino Kurobei.... Ono Jchibei. Kadokawa Sadashichi.. Matsumura Jirobei. Kubota4 Heikichi.... 2 ch~me, SakaicLr), Kribe City 3 chi~ine, 3 chi~me, Kaijan, 6Clh~me, Sakaichlu, 3 ch0:ne, i K~be City. 2 ch~me, Aw.Ljiehi% Iiggashiku, 21 cliame, D)UghiuchUZ, t IC1h3me, HiranochU. 4642 banyashiki, Nambamura, Shimof ukushirn-ainura, 1 Camphor' & Camphor Oil. Star- anise. Camphor. Ginseng.C Ginseng'. Camphor 0 0 Residue Camphor. Continued: Commercial Name. 'Name of Principal Person or Owner. I Business Place. D lIn ManufacArticles. trng IArticles. (Osaka Fu) Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Co...... Xyokushasha..... Eishinsha....... ('Naeusaki Ken) Kurotori Sennosuke, *...Eiokunojima, ~HigaIsliicrii, Nishikoci, Osaka. Tanaka Kikuuiatsu.. 3 ch~me, Saiwaich~i d~ri, Kamada Ichisabur6..6 ch~me, Tachiuribori -Minamid~i-i, COsak:a. reransura Tonie (Head) Kawa-naiimiirnr,.N-isljiinarig3;i. Hfirami Fukumatsn *. Nambamnura, 9 Kawai Ihei. Namibamnjr, A.rakawa ICamejir6.. i Takahashi Yosabu ra Otsumura, Izumigziri, (Head) i3ukano Kihei (Owner) Camphur. Sulphuric Acid. Camphor, and Camphor Oil. Star-anise. Sulphur. Sulphuric Acid. ICamphor.:Residue Camphor. C <Z) I t tl cl t-Ij.4, %t 4 ti t: 0'I "ZI t I -, Onizuka 0Gen.. l..Yorozuyach;5, Nagasaki City. Matsuzakiya.......Esaki Si~hei.... KizukdebU, f (Hokkaid6) Branch Office of Mitsui Mizutani K,5hei (Maua- StichiroCIZ, I.iakodataku, 6-shirna Bussan Kwaishia.... g&-e r)........Province. Continued - Yasuda Kushiro Iwosan Yasuda Zennosuke Office (Toky6 Fu) Okura-gumi. Okuma Kihachir3 (Head) (Shizuoka Ken) Fujii Yasutara and S other a... (Yanagata, Ken) Trakeda Hikobei Tase Kichiroji Kobayashi K6gor6 1(atW Tokukichi (Shimane Ken) - [wata Ennosuke and 101 others........ Kadowaki Rimpei and 6 others... Watanabe Kiichi and 3 others...... Tauakaya.... Tanalka Kinnosuke Inaichiya....akenouchi Ikuizaemon. ( Vottori Ken) 14th Nozaka -Niujin Kwsha...Nozaka Mosabinr,5.... (Oita Ken) H~ashizume Masuta Shibetcha, Kawakamigi3ri, KCshiro Province. No. 7, 2 ch~me, Ginza, KyRbashiku. Doi, Doimura, Kimizawagari. Yashiromura, Higashioitamago-ai. Urushiyamarura, to NSazawarnura, St Urtshliyamamumr t nugari, Idsumo Province. Ohamg- i, ffigashich3, YonekoclhrijAiniigt3ri. lidanur, Kusugbrl,'Bnpgo, Province. Sulphur. Medicine & Drugs.1 Camphor, and Camphor Oil. Menthol Crystal, Ginseng. Sp Po I, Iol Sulphur., 111 0 0 t~ '1-4 '41 0 0 C;Q til -4o 0 tgv 1r1 - 182 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 15. MATCHES. The yearly increase in the manufacture of matches can be discerned, as the producing districts increase accordingly. The principal manufacturing places are Tokyo Fu, Osaka Fu, and Hyogo prefecture. The total export value amounts to yen 1.800.000. It is chiefly exported to Hongkong, next to China, and the rest to Corea, British India, Australia, Philippine Islands, Siam and other countries. The trade for the last five years can be seen in the following table. Countries 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 A uti 1 gross 883 21,600 17,950 21,708 20,350 Australia... (yen yn 215 4,466 4,139 4,990 5,151 British gross 2,816 18,016 47,700 117,200 33,975 India... (yen 698 3,813 10,524 27,346 8,218 C.. gross 3,346,139 3,390,625 839,751 1,119,973 1,356,117 yen.... 933,203 706,371 200,600 261,247 333,034 Cra gross 31,593 73,559 114,036 171,594 248,909 ' yen 6,717 15,808 24,149 34,580 48,892 Honkog... gross - - 4,188,425 5,250,046 6,360,975 n- yen - 894,380 1,150,462 1,446,168 Philippine gross - 35,800 - 13,950 7,100 Group... yen - 7,518 - 3,181 1,581 Siam gross - 5,000 12,500 25,550 - (yen - 1,060 2,950 6,143 - Russia gross 2,798 4,945 - - yen 720 1,273 - - Other ~ gross 67 3,048 5,000 4,564 2,506 Countries. (yen _ 24 626 1,210 1,082 593 Total gross 3,384,296 3,552,593 5,225,362 6,724,585,',029,93 y en 941,577 740,935 1,137,952 1,489,031 1,843,637 The lucifer matches are exported in small quantity, but the safety matches are chiefly exported from Kobe, also froni Yokohama and Osaka. (JO3I3IO1DITIES EXPOfiXJIED Fo-iI, 4- impoRTED TO. 1S,3 Exporters and Manufacturers of Matches. Commercial 'Name. (Hy,5go Ken) M/eijisha.... Second Seisniisha.... Meik~isha............. Seisuisha......... Riastlisha............. S~cond Meiji Kwvaisha.... Tokwakwan.............. Sh~kwakusha.... Sakamiotokwan............ Shinyfilgiimi............... S~shi~sha........ Nisshinkwan............... (Osaka FuL) Sensuisha................. K~ekisha......... Osaka Match Seiz6 Kwaisha Taiy~isha.... Kiokushbikwan............. Second N-isseikwan.... K6y~kwan............... Taik~isha.......... Sank~sha................ lBund6sha............... Sh6j-.iukwan!............... Name of Principal Person or Owner. I II I Honda Yoshitomo. Hata Gimbei.... Harima K~shichi.. Takigawa Benz6 Izumida Bunshir6 Sawada Seibei. Takigawa Benz6. Naoki Masanosuke.. Sakamoto Zenshichi Yasuda Naojir6.... Kita Nobumatsui. Tatsuma Taki.......... Mataki Jitar,5 (Head).. Inouy e Teijir6...... Shina~gawa Eifu (Director) Teranishi Tanetar6 (Head) Shinagawa Eifu..... Kond6 Ikunosuke.... B3itchiu Heiichir6'.... Kimura Kohei......... Yamnamoto Magoshichi.. Tsutsuj Manz,3... Shig~ematsu Buemon.. Nagai Sahei...... 184 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. MA inatoehU3, X'5be. Iiig-ashikam-askichi3, MfinatochU, Minami Muk~3segawaehi3, MinatoC113, Aradamura, 16 cbiime, Tachibanadi~ri, li nami Mukiisegawa hUi, Manufactuiring Dealing Articles. Arils Matches. Safety Match. Safety and Luci-r Matchcs. fer Matches. Safety M'atches. I Mitsiikichichi3, 6 chomve TachibanadZ~ri, 1 (fluojimura, Higashinarig~iri. Hfonda Sanbancha3, Osaka. Kan- vasakimura, Nishiuinrig~rn. Tennojimura, Julgashinarigi~ri, iTovosakhn Uma, Nisbinarigi~ri. Kitanomura, V Ixamifukushimamuram, ilojomura, Twirniivanura., Nambamura, TKamifiukusbimamura I I I I i I I i I CO3IMO11DITIES EXPORTED FROM 4j IMPORTED TO. 185, Continued: Commercial -Name. -Name of Principal Person or Owner. Sekish~kwan.. Sh6seigumi.... T~y6sha -,......................... - 0... Kwaishunsha........ Ch6seisha...... Kwakumeisha,........ Neisuisha.......... Osakataiy6sha........ Nissinsha........ (T6ky5 P u) Eiseikwaisha.. Seik6d6........ Shumeisha........ K6gy6sha.: K~gy6sha........ Seigy6sha......... Enomoto Match Workshop Kimoto Workshop...... (Aichi Ken) Sinsuisha,.......... (Sizuoka Ken) Akamatsu Gensuke..... Tenjin Iz,5......... Akiyarna Yoshimiatsu.... Shimizu Gorobei... Asai Seibei......... Hayashi Fusanosuke (Owner).. Nakamura Nakabei (, Teranishi Kojiur5, Ishikawa Katsuji (, Bitchu Heiichira.... Yura Yohei (Head)...... Kuraji Yoshio.... K,5ji Noritaka....... Seno Masata (Head).... Matsushita Rioz&.... T-edsuka Shinjir6.... Enomoto Shigerni. Kimoto Yoshi.. Sugiyama Yasabur6. Waisuisha...........I Okada Kuwaz6... 186 (JOMIIIEJ'ICE AND. INDUSTIRY IN JAP4N.~ Continued - Business Place. DeaingAriclsjManufacturing Z5 ~Articles. "~ Kawvanainifniura, Tiamaiyamnur, 1 chi~me, Anidijiehiil, M1inamiku, Osaka, 2 chi)-nie, Hiondia, iNiibiku, Osaka. 2 ehni~ie, I'londla, fLoiona, Sainbanch,3, 2 chii-ine, iiondach&,15iri 4 chnime, Tenjinbashiniji, Kitakii, Higashihiranoehil, Iigashinarigilri. Kitanom'ura, -N-ishinarigi~ri. No. 7, 5 (11V~fl, ShinsakaicU55, 'KyTi bashiku..No 563 OmnotechZl,.H1oijokii. 1.'!4 iieIftnamnatstich-, No 5 "chne, Shibakn, No. 7 Takeechl, Shitavaku. N~o. 1-1 XYasagishirna Umncmoriclii, Hoajikii, 'No. 11 Kojimaclia, A~sakusaku. NNo. 11, Kirmiyoshicha, N~o. 14, Shimizuchi, Jionjoku. TakaokachU, N-agoya. Matches. Mathes Matches. Safety Matches.. Matches. I p p Ix atches. Ilachibanchi5, Shirnoka. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM s4 IMPORTED TO. 187 CLASS 16. RAW SILK, NOSHI SILK, WASTE SILK, TAMA SILK, FLOSS SILK, WrASTE FLOSS SILK, PIERCED COCOON, WASTE COCOON, SILK WORM EGGS. Raw Silk. In about 1869 or 1870 when the European silk spinning machine had been introduced, the silk industry of the empire began to assume a new aspect. At present the silk spinning factories can be seen everywhere. In about 1879, improvement was made te Re-reel machines and was called" Improved Re-reel Machine." It was first adopted in Gumna prefecture. Ever since the production by this machine; it has made a decided progress and the best quality of it does not seem to be inferior to that of produced by the Furopean machine. The market value equals with the, best of the European machine production. The raw silk is the important original produce of the Empire. It occupies the foremost place in the whole export of the country. The total export value amounts to 30,000,000 yen. The United States in the first country of export, France comes next, England, Italy and Switzerland come in third. The trade for the last five years can be seen in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British 5catty 10,010 - 3,504 3,736 2,664 America. (yen 64,000 - 19,048 21,068 11,999 China catty - 224 9,392 10,034 1,082 yen - 1,168 59,953 76,011 6,000 Franc... catty 1,088,598 1,835,736 1,702,511 675,758 1,952,222 (yen 6,503,294 9,762,151 10,287,236 4,301,192 10,618,682 188 COMMERCi E AD INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Ger- catty 14 2,291 many...(yen - 90o 13,350 Great 5catty 155,626 363,227 54,636 9,783! 138,726 Britain... (yen 848,148 1,800,926 287,470 59,111 737,711 Ital catty 77,686 61,252 64,748 18.035I 70,779 Y " yen 465,839 329,928 386,935 114,1061 394,404 n catty - 211 Spain...t Switzer- catty 38,326 52,996 20,539 16 42,067 land... yen 232,75]1 281,76C 121,299 101i 236,368 United catty 1,733,338 2,364,226 2,271,411 1,392,939 3,115,092 States.. yen 11,165,965 13,740,601 15,454,6019,287,65917,336,698 Other catty 44 - - 14 Cts.... yen -- __ 324 60 T otal. catty 3,103,584 4,677,708 4,126,741 2,110,15I 5,35,148 yen 19,280,003 25,916,861 26,616,542 13,859,339I29,356,34C The raw silk is divided into six classes.-Filatures, Re-reels, Hanks, Kakeda, Oshu, and Hamatsuki. They are classified into extra, best,"good, medium, inferior &c., and numbered the first, second, and third according to the quality of each class. The raw silk and waste silk are transacted on each hundred catties. The producing districts of this class are all over the country, but the principal places are Nagano, Gumma, Fukushima, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Shiga, Saitama, Gifu, Yamagata and Miyagi prefectures. The following tablq will show the amount of raw silk &c. convey to Yokohama, which is the chief port of export. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM, ' IMPORTED TO. 189 Table of the Raw Silk brought into Yokohama Port from Various Fu and Prefectures for 12 Months (April 1891.March 1892). Name of Ila- Weight Fu & Fila- Re- Kake- tuki, Total P rfc tures. reels. HTanks. da. Okusen, ota Prefectures._ _d others.___ atty_ Prefec~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~m thers. I~~~ ~~' ("~' l Ilin~bF_ Nagano... Fukushima... Gumma. Saitama Kanagawa. Yamanashi... Yamagata.. Gifu..... Aichi.... Miyagi... Niigata Iwate.... Kyoto.... Toyama.. Ibaraki.. Shiga..... Tochigi.. Akita... Shizuoka. Tottori Hyogo.... Miye...... Shimane... Chiba...... Ishikawa... Fukui...... Hiroshima. Fukuoka... Oita..... Yamaguchi... Yehime Tokyo..... Okayama Miyazaki Kagoshima... Hokkaido.. Wakayama.. Other Places. Total... *ko. 21,081 613 58(, 516 979 5,226 2,637 3,830 3,695 1,003 195 167 1,243 1,237 157 883 137 448 470 509 421 350 324 102 239 181 182 168 115 128 133 40 118 117 111 48 40 89 ko. 387 2,535 12,633 4,775 2,427 171 686 6 27 923 1,340 1,235 69 40 1,012 19 516 309 71 2 5 5 207 2 55 2 37 I 86 3 2 5 52 KO. 2,714 101 1,504 634 2,000 28 6 8 2 97 I I I - ko. 10,256 17 85 28 3 52 83 I - ko. 26 1,352 3 414 751 65 232 26 127 22 4 2 I ko. 24,208 14,857 14,734 5,928 5,820 5,397 4,103 3,901 3,72Z 2,249 1,589 1,540 1,312 1,277 1,223 924 833 761 544 511 421 355 329 312 241 236 184 168 152 135 133 126 121 117 111 50 45 151| I __ 1,361,700 835,706 828,788 333,450 327,375 303,581 230,793 219,431 209,362 126,506 89,381 86,625 73,806 71,831 68,794 51,975 46,856 42,806 30,600 28,744 23,681 19,969 18,506 17,550 13,556 13,275 10,350 9,450 8,550 7,594 7,481 7,088 6,806 6,581 6,244 2,812 2,531 8,495 3 _ 10 48,51 t9,6511 7,095i10,525 3,037i 98,8185,558,624... * 1 ko is about 9 kamme. 190 ' COIMMERCE AND INIUSTY' IN JAPAN. WNois Silk ad Among the waste silks, Noshi and Waste Silk. waste silk have the largest total value of export. The Noshi silk amounts to 1,400,000 yen and that of the waste silk to about 1,000,000 yen. France is the Chief country of export, Italy, England and Austria come next. Yokohama is the port of export, those from Kiobe being quite scarce. The trade for the last five years can be seen in the following table. (Noshi-Silk.) Countries. Austria.catty ' (yen British catty America... yen ~Chin catty China...... t yell East India.. att yen France cattty (yen ( catty Germany 5 ct ye 'yen Great catty Britain... yen; catty Hongkong... yen Ily. catty Itly... yen Switzerland. catty yen United scatty States... yen Other catty Counrties.. yen Total.. tcatty yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 118,865 101,254 138,210i 246,207 224,4,42 146,957 107,406 145,665 244,775 187,319 2,100 - - 2,334 - - - 2,250 20,351 13,6221 19,558 3,480 2,925 21,797 14,8641 19,386 1,093 1,247 17,261 - - 1,871 18,753 - - 861,958 1,096,8271 1,140,607 1,039,336 934,965 1,019,340 1,038,562 1,196,322 1,105,537 920,191 600 1,366 - 840 1,506 - - 52,799 170,902 34,112 27,651 168,291 52,684 151,716 28,683 38,061 126,762 - - 3,181 - - - - 3,180 - - 34,541 9,555 2,836 9,050 197,829 37,675 9,230 3,620 12,076 192,442 30 53,326 7,232 226 38 29 58,802 7,1941 263 38 99 33,000 16,8601 17,279 - 125 26,850 24,579 25,178 - - - - 602 - __ _ 810 1,074,489 1,503,842 1,356,660 1,359,307 1,529,247 1,264,78C0 1,434,622 1,424,1(7 1,445,276 1,428,65.i COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM I IMPORTED TO. 191 (Waste-Silk.) Countries. 1887. Austria.. catty yen China.... catty yen East India... catty France...caty (yen Germany... cyen Great catty Britain... yen Hongkong. catty yen catty Switzerland. catty yen United catty States... yen Total... catty (yen 49,639 49,757 8,728 3,154 1,988 2,557 923,420 664,963 3,749 4,248 99,134 82,030 1,738 694 123 144 1888 56,576 36,684 15,508 5,461 7,770 5,741 1,218,044 772,956 1,556 1,400 133,844 107,157 9,930 4,012 19,714 10,960 -- 1,462,942 944,371 1889 1890 25,221 24,701 25,261 20,405 52,374 55,346 38,496 42,203 1,033,389 1,421,130 736,125 1,049,783 21,083 633 15,954 370 - 2,217 - 960 154 11,100 97 11,360 6,471 203 3,143 151 16,324 1,322 13,394 1,328 1,155,061 1,516,652 832,470 1,126.580 1891 25,281 9,50C 4,263 1,154 1,449,060 840,901 66,378 30,847 61,502 39,373 119,989 92,880 28 13 1,726,501 1,014,668 t,088,519 807,547 >. Besides, the amount and value of the waste silks, cocoons, floss silks lately exported are as follows:Tarnaito. 81,973 yen to France. Flossitke 23,893 yen to France, Italy & England. Iloss Silk. 58,982 yen to British India, Italy and United States. Pitrce acoon. 207,697 yen to France, and the United States. 192 COMIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPANr. Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Na~me. -Name of Principal Person I (Kanagawa Ken) Noza~waya,...... Ono Sh6ten.. Dbsbin Kwaisha...... Wakao Shbiten... I..... Branch Shop of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.... —..... Iijinia Sh~ten. Yamamotoya.... Fusagumi.... Nakajima Sh~ten.... Kashiwagi....... Ya'sunishi...... Inouye..... I - - - - Ogawaggumn.... Kojima Sh~ten. Sekitanya.... Watanabe Sh~iten Mvatsuura $ B6eki Sh~5kwai...:....................... Moggi S,5bei.... Ono Mlitsukage........ Tagaya S~z6 (Manager).... Wakao Iknza.... Tanaka Mohei (Manager) Iijimia Mloritar6 Yoshino Kichisabur6.... Otomo Masanoj6 (Head).... 'Naikajima Tkichi..... Kashiwagi Ilikotar,5.... Yasuda Tokubei.... Inonye Yoshio's Manager Inouye Kumekichi.... Ogawa Ch6zaburo, (Head).. Kojima Ge-nta~r6....... Okawara Eijir6... Watanabe Bunshichi Matsuura Kahei...... Asabuki Eiji (Director).... 1t6 Kimbei........ Hara Zenzabur&... Suzuki Uyemon..... Tomita Mikinosuke.... Ito Chajir,5 (Head)...... Ito6 Matsuz,5... Adachi Minji and Jmiai T6shichi.... Nakamura Chiubei (Manager). Kato Kinsaburo.. Minekishi Kiichi. Sakai Kotar6........ Kamiezen........ Yamaki........ Improved Sil1k Factory. (Hy~go Ken) Shjuel & Co. ItO Sh~ten.......... (Hokkaid6) SapporIo Silk Manufactory (Ky~to, Fu) Ky,5to Filature Company (Saitama Ken) Kaishinsha...... Kanahashi'Silk Factory... K6gya Kwaisha -... COMMO11DITIES EX~PORTED FPROM,' IMPORTED TO. 193 -Continued: Business Place. 'Dealing, Articles. IManufacturing i m I Articles No. 30, 2 chi~me, Benitend(ri, Yokohama. No. 20. 1. c~jZine, 9 No. 38, 3 ch~ne, 1 No. 63, 4 ch.3me, 9 No. 69, 4 c6i3me, 1 No. 54, 4 013me, 1 No. 13, 1. chnie, IMinamiiiakadl~ri, No. 39, 2 ch~rne, Bentend~ri, I No. 62, 4 chii~ne, Tinamtirnnakad15ii,, No. 6, I chi~me, Beiitend~gi, NNo. 58, 4 cb~me, Kitanlakail~ri, No. 5, 1 chaine, 31inaminakad~ri, No. 74, 4 ch~me, No. 46, 3 ch~me, HonchO, No. 38, 2 chi~me, V No. 78,- 5 ch~me, A ioi ch;G, Si No. 58, 4 chi~me, 1 1 No. 45, 3 ch~me, MNim-nainakad1ri, No. 49, 3 ch~me, Bentend~ri, No. 19, 1 churne, HfacliiojicfiZ, Alinamitamagari. 3 cN3nie, SatkaicfiU, K61be. 2 clillne, Kaigain, KibaichijZO Higashii 2 ch3nie, Satpporokii, Ikluikari. Province. Yosb(hiacha, Kamikyi3-ku, Ky3to City. tJ'ili, Ityojiumura, Chiecbibng~fi. Okawaimura, J-lkigiri. 0 Raw Silk. II 1) III II Raw SIlan Wat Siks Flssslan Wast Silks.n Hanks and Re-, Ireels. Raw Silk. Raw Silk and Noshi Silk. Raw Silk, Waste Silkandfloss-silk. Re-reels, (Chichibu Nejiridzukuri.) Filatures and Re-reels (Nejiridsukuri). Re-reels, ( I, ) Okawvainura, 1 194 COMM13ERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Commercial Name. Kabutogawa,.... Kod~ama, Sh6kwai Juki I 3........ Shinriu-sha.............. (Gumm~q Ken) Kitakawa Seishi Kwaisha.. T6kwagyumi............... Sh,5ritsu-sba Hojiosh~a..... Shinseisha................. Tengenslha................ Kosui-sha............ San-ei-sha................. Ichiuiura-sha........ ]Rissei-sha................. Katsuyamia Silk Factory. -Name of Principal Person or Owner.. Kasawara Jinosuke......... Matsui Rinsaku...... Saito6 Sh~sa ku,............. Hama Tetsugor6.. Suzuki Seisakui (Head).... Matsumoto Gengor5.... ShimiomuFra Zentard5... Ota Sh,5jiur6........... Hayakawa Gonzabur6. Yebara, Yoshihei Takasu Semipei............ Matsui Kaichir6...... Jehimura, Mokichi........ Takino Jiumo1........ Katsuyamia Zenzabur6.... Ilirakata T~hei.... Koike fiuaz6.............. Kawnei Katsuji............. Okudaira, K-insabur~-) Tsukada Tatsusaburc. IMatsui Kai.chirO5... Aoki Washijir&Shinag-awa Seiz6.... Takahashi KotarC&........ Kambe Teizaburd..... Yamamoto Kwan........ Fukazawa Toshichi....... Otsubo Kosukp............ Aburaya Ebiya.. Takahashi-,..'......i. Umayama and Kambe Silk Factory................. Toinioka Silk Factory.... U~sui-sha.......... (Chiba Ken) Shink~sha,..4....;.......... (Ibaraki Kn Kwanzen-sha........ Ishioka Silk Factory......... (Tochigi Ken) Utsunomiya Silk Factory.. Oshimia v..... lj mena-ra Kwaishi......... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 195 Continued: Business Place. Okawamura, Hiligiiri. Kodamachri, Kodama-3-.i. Wakaidsnunimura, Tomiokach3, Kitakawagari. Mayebashi. Kisemura, MIinamisetagi ri. * Umayarnamura, KitakanragWi. *Toniioka. *Uinof 18 Companies in U~snigZri. Kaiiiftakhiura),IsumIg~rI. ShishidoclZ3, NishIibarakigi~ri. * * Ishiokac'hi3, Nifiharugiori. 'Utsunomiyi~hi3, Ka~vachigo~ri. Hiraishimura, j D ealing Articles. 1.1nuacurn *Re-reels (N ejiridsukuri). Filatures, ('N-ejiridsukuri). Raw Silk. Re-reels Nosbi Silk, (HarnanosbiSilk) Hand Made Silk (INejiridsukuri). Re-reels (N-\ejiridsukuri)'. Silk (Nej'iridsukuri). Re-reels (, *Raw Silk. Filatures ('Nejiridsukuri). Raw Silk( A 13 COMMIERCE AND. LVDUST'RY LVNJAPAN. Continued: Comm erci al Name. Name or Vrincipal P'erson or Owner. (Milye Ken) (Aiclii Ken) Inuyamasha........ -Kinj6,Eba.. Ryaseisha.... UosoyaL Silk Manufacturing Co. N~-ag oya COta Silk Factory...... (Shizuoka Ken) Shizuoka Silk Manufacturing, Co.............. (Yamaua3hi Ken) K~seisha.......... iflak-ureisha.... Raku~sba...... K,5seisha.... Kazqmagumi.... Yashimagumi........ Kusanagi Gumi...... Industrial Silk Facto'ry. Tanaka 9, 99.. (Shiga~ Ken) Yamamaka, Silk Factory.... Hikone..... Omi ~Silk Manufacturing, Co... Omi Sumitomo Silk 'Factory.. (Gifu Ken) Kinkwasha....... Ito Kozaernon.... Kamino Kinnosuke.... Sawamioto Sh~kiehi (Head) Mish-ina Tomisabur6, Masuda Inakichi ( Y,, Hirata, Einosuke (. Ota Kwaktluz6........ Kurebayashi Utara (Head). Amenoiniya Hiromitsu.... Akiyama Masuz-.. N-akazawa Kwan-ichir6 Yosaki Genzaemon.. Kazama Kimpachi...... Yashima Eisuke.. Yashima Zenshichi.. Ta-kei Tsunesu~ke.... Oki Kiernon.. Nonaka Eijir,5........ Shimura Ilikoshichi Akiyama Koemon.... Amenonmiya Kihei...... Nait6 Jinbei.... Tanaka M igoemon.... Yamanaka, Riernon.. Ii Seiza Shimog6 Dempei (Head) Kitawaki Sinemon (, ~) Kobayashi Tetsujir,5 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED 10. 197 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles' Manufacturing I Articloq. I. Shigomura, Miyeg,3ri, 1be Province. Yamadachbi, Wttaraegiri. LnuyamacblU, Niwagziri. Toyolhrammum, Hiooyamura, Atsumigari. Rouclhii, Nagoya City. ShinmokucdiU, Oitechai, Shlizuoka City. HitozakUtramura, Higamii YatsuMasuhoinur, Minami Komnag3ri. linoinura, Nakakomnagori. Miemura, Yanagicbt5, K5UM MN~. Wakanmatsuchii, Sakanachi3, Aniayamachri, Yi3kaclii3, YtachUi, Kimirnatsuchii. Inakadornura, YamadaclOi3, NishikiclO, SakanachiR, Nishlbaba, Hikonechri, IniLuknigari,. Hirata, Fukunanumura, Shtinzen, NagahamumahU3, Sakatag3ri. Samegaimuraz, P cluiusetsuclZ, Gifu City. Filatures. Raw "ilk. Ranw Silk, Filatures (Nejiridsukuti). Raw Silk.r Raw Silk and Waste Silk. Raw Silk.. Filatures. Raw Silk 198 COMIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN." Continued.: Q).., Commrcil Nme.Name. of -Principal Person 1 or Owner. Ri~shinsha.......... Kinriugumii........ Asahigumi......... Hakut~sui........ Taih~gumi......... Kaish~sha......... Kinriugumi.... Seisengumi.... Shinsh~sha.......... Kwirensha...... Hakut43suisha........ Kinriusha...... Ogk Silk Factory...... Cenegumi......... Asabigumi Branch Shop.... Furukawa SilkManuf'turing Co. Kinseisha.... Semp,5sha.... Eisb6sha...... Izansha.... (Ngano Ken) Rtokukasha.... Daiseiisha. Yodasha........... Kaimeisha........ Shineisha,..... Rinj.5kwan..-....... Biranosha........ Kairiosha.......... Nishihakukakusha...... Kinzansha.... Yazimasha,........ Mei'shinsha........ Kaiseisha.......... Hakukakusha........ Ogiso Shiuhei.... Yamada Kichiroku.... Takida Yahei........ Buta Kiichir5. Fukushima Wasuike Sait6 Sahei... Okamoto Hanshiro -. Masuda Gihei.... Katsuno Shichibei.... F-ukuoka Ichizaemon But43 Kiichir6........ Ishida Zempachi.... Lt65 Uhei.... ~,End.6 Seikichi.... Furuike Sukeemon.o. Hirano Kichibei.... Nsato Chiuichir6 (Head) Kawamura Seiz6 Shimomura Kamesabur,5 Ozawa Kinzaemon..... Miyazawa Hokinji.... Oguchi Yoshishige.... Ta~kei Daijir6...... Miyasaka Kaemon.... Yoshida Wazo-.... Miyasaka Ichirobei..... Yashima Seijir6 Limai Umez6 Takeda Sh~emon.. Mitsui NXihei........ C0OMMODITIES EXPOR~TED FROMt kIMPORTED TO. 199 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles. Manufacturig I Articles. Hiosohiatarnura, Atsurnigi3r. llachimnanchi3i Gunjr5-g~3i. Akechimura, Enaggiri. Nakatsngawvacha,, Akechirn-ra, Nakatsnboimura, Gnnj~5-gj3,ri. HqaCjjiranchji3, Nakat-mbolehs; Ogakih-ilo, AmpacbigZMr. Futamnademura, GuiijZ)-gr3ri. Tokinagamura, Furuka-waclIZ, 'Yosliislhirog3ri. TakayamachZ5, liog~ri. Filatures (Nejiridsukuri). Fiatrs (Njiisuu, ) Ra9Slk Filatures, (Nej1iridsu kuri). I.1atstis.hrochUj, NiohhinagZ3ri. Raw Silk. Usiudamura, i31inami SlAuggrid. Mlarukomura, OgatagZri. H I'lraomura, Su11wag~iri. Naahiu. Sljiosnv ua 200 COMM1BERCE AND INDUSITR IN JAPAN. Continued: Commecial ame.Name of Priacipal P~ei son or Owner. 9 (Nagano Ken) Shichi 6seisha........ iRok-Lisbiukwan........ Gak5sha........ Higasbigalbsba........ T,5meisha. Higashigakasba.... K6shinsha........ Obeisha.......... T,5eisha.... Sangy~sha.... Ch.5y~sha.... Naka~jnaha.... Meijiusha........ TIaiyosba.... Naka~inasha........ Tenriusha........ Clisbiusba.... Ina Silk Manufacturing Co. Shiuseisha......... S6shinsha........ Shinytisha.... Ytineisba. T1ik~sha khiunmeisha,.... Jiunsuisha........ Minami Kaishinsba.... KatakuraSilk Factory.... Tokusbinsba Saishinsha....... Hinodematsusha Kaekisba........ Matsubaken Shiojokwan.. Mat~sushiro Silk Manufact~uring Co........... Inouye Zenjir6.. Nakanmura Kamajir6 Kayano Yaemon Yamato Moheijii... Eloshina K&6o...... Marumo Yonesaku... Ry5kado CGennosuke Gomi Yonegoro-... SekilIsuke........ Hirazawa Genkichi.... Ujibashi Yasotarb..... Yoneyama Yasabur,3 Komiat~su Seigor6.... Shiozawa Sashichi.... I(~hira TVomoichir65.... Takemura Kumakichi Sekigawa S6zabur6.... Yoshizawa Rihachi.... Ono Kinsuke..... Biguchi Han2z65...... Furume Jiin.... Ichikawa....... Maki Shinshichi... Aoki Matusnosuke.... Koyama Kinzaemon Ogigami Heigoro. Katakura Saichi.... Asano Kurogor6.. Uehara Jchijir6 Tanaka Sakubei.. 1t5 Zensuke.... Noguchi TL,6roku.... Kubota Eizatbur6.... COMMODITIES EXPO-RTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 201 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Atce.Manufacturing I Atc sI Articles. Shiimosiiwamiura, Stmigyori. Kamii-aw~anittra, Kota3mura, T a i iia gawmanm ra., Miyakawamura, Koitatimuitra, 111yatximura, Kamfliiiagilori. fnatonximuinr, Takatiaclki, Ak~inmra, NakaZaMMa11ura, FUILOlIZi, Shimitviuiwgri. Fakus4iiniamura, INidiiebkikumiagOri. Kornagaiternura, lioniunmura, Nisliiinag~5ri. SIsa-katchU, KauiitakaigriA. GorobeLshindenmmim, Kitamk-lig~3ri. Shiojirimurkt, Higashii Cliiknmuag~ri. Matsumotocl]3, hdOlZ~, Kitazimmi-3-ri. Ikedacliaimura, Nakanochir3, Shtii-notakaig-3ri. Meorirnura, Shimnoiuagiari. Tli3jimur, KI-hinagi3ri. Filatures (N-\ejirid~suku~ri). Silk and N o sh i Silk. Silk and Waste, Silk. 202 COMMERCE A.ND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN:' Continued: Comm'ercial 'Name. (Miyagi Ken) Sano Silk Factory........... Daiseikwtan.............. Asahikwan............ (Fukushima Ken),-'6sh~kwan........... Ili~seisha................. Sh6h~ikwan.............. Il-akuseikwan........ Yamadasha.............. (Iwade Ken) Oseko Silk Factory..... Hak-usbinsha........ (Yamaggata Ken) Yonezawa Silk Factory.... Tasegnmi.i........... Kinseisha................. 1(yiaisba.................. Tsuk-aharagumi............. Suisbbken........ Waikinkwan........ Uy~ken.... (Fukui Ken) Katsuyama Silk Factory.... Unpin Silk Co............. (Tottori Ken) Sanin Silk Manufacturing Co. (Shimane Ken) Matsue Silk Co.......... Kiya................... Akii Silk Factory (Okayama Ken) Sany6 Silk Manufacturing Co. -Name of Principal Person or Owner. Sano Rihachi (Owner) Oku Saburobei (Owner).... Takahashi Ch~jiur6 (Head). Yamada Shui~t............. Hashimoto Seizaemon.... -Nag~ato N'aonosuke........ Shimizu. Seisuke Yarnada Heishiro-..... Maruyama Kaishir6 (Head) Tase Kichir6ji Watanabe Tokuzaemon( ) Takahashi Bunjir6 Nakamura Zensuke....... Tsukahara S~zaemon Takahashi Yukichi......... Hasegawa H-einai..... Kawamura Rihei.......... Kuwada T,5jiur65 (Head)... Sonoyamia Yii ( 1.. Sat,5 Kinbei.... Namikawa Eijir65.... -Nakoshi Sbirohei (Head).. COMM11ODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4. IMPORTED TO. 203 Continued:-. IBusiness Place. DexAticles. aruatuices mIDaig A esI MAnuatuings. Kanai'1tamanura, Ikug~ri. Y-okoya~memura, MNotoyosliig-pri. ltotoiyoshimura, Nihio niiatsu., Adachig~5i. K~iriyana~cb03, Shirakaivach], N~isliishirakawago3ri. Futas9emura, Tainurag3ri. Uchikawainemura, Hienukigbri. Usukirnira., Higaslhi IwdargZi. Tateyama, Yonezawa. UJrusliiyamnaiyura,,HigasluiokitarnagC~ri. Kanayamamura, 3 Akapimnam, MiYauchiieh-3, AraisochZi, NishiokitamagZiri. 1Komatsuchir, JHigashiokitarnag~i)ri., Yashiiroinura, Nagaic]h3, Nishiiokitamagori. Kat'wnyamaehUi, O-nog~3ri. Obama, Oniug~3ri. Kurayoshichrj, Kninegairi. Matsue. higb3ri, Nogigi~riI Raw Silk. Raw Silk. Filatures and Re-reels, (Orikaeshi and (Nej~iridsukuri). Re-reels, (Nejirids kuri), Filatures, (Nejiridsukuri). Raw Silk. Filatures. Filatures, (Nejiridsukuri). Re-reels,( Filatures, ( PI Raw Silk. KasaokaebU, Odagriri. 204 COMMERCE AND D INDlIT'I IN JAPAN. CLASS 17. -SILK GOODS, SILK HANDKERCHIEFS AND MANUFACTURES SILK. Silk Gooas. The principal silk goods are Habutai, crapes, Kaiki, Shuchin, figured damask, among which Habutai is manufactured in large quantity. The total value of the export five or six years ago amounted to only 130,000 yen, but last year it has increased to 1,760,000 yen, none of the exported articles can rival such a rapid increase. The principal districts are the provinces of Echizen (Habutai is produced), Kaga (also Habutai), Kozuke (Habutai and crape), Shimo* tsuke and Kai (Habutai and Kaiki), Tango and Mino (crapes), Kyoto (Shuchin and figured damask), which are mainly exported from Yokohama. The export find the way into France most, the United States in the next plade, and Corea, Englanid, H6ngkong and other countries in the last. The trade for the last five years with several countries is shown in the following table. COiMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM &' IMPORTED TO. 205 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 l-I — piyen Austraia... piece ence Austria. yence British piece America... yen British $ piece India... (yen China.. en h piece Corea. yen Cora... piece yen France... jen iece Germany... yen Great piece Britain... yen 5 piece Hongkong... (yen piece Russia.... yen Sia piece Siam..... (yen Ipiece Spain.... yen piece Switzerland (yen United 5 piece States yen Other {piece Countries yen Total.... piece yen 148 1,277 118 88C 1,931 10,191 3,463 18,497 12,39C 41,25C 1,59C 23,635 1, 101 1,67C 13,527 629 2,15c 2,158 22,498 140 1,207 304 2,324 160 1,178 327 1,727 1,849 9,43i 20,765 49,192 4,193 107,:322 267 1,321 1,593 38,356 414 1,244 4,635 45,536 48 401 629 6,081 83 49( 12S 75( 141 99; 18E 1,87( 18,762 34,51C 12,037 257,624 421 5,70( 5,98K 114,432 3,36C 18,733 365 93' 342 2,514 125 2,80C 14,30O 174,724 118 1,291 I.i )i I, 'I )i I Y! I| i \ 0 II 1,096 17,666 124 1,028 615 2,710 122 1,042 39,703 90,008 22,655 517,970 20 282 7,342 109,170 4,555 32,312 560 2,226 103 1,629 134 2,615 27,158 386,935 209 2,276 1,160 7,858 80 1,673 160 1,986 2,852 14,281 180 1,119 49,703 96,063 46,524 906,961 148 2,264 5,376 90,630 5,154 52,785 670 3,626 157 1,436 549 6,222 40,940 572,310 450 4,501 I 24,z6.5 34,55 5{6,o, 6.,104,4L6 154,10d 135,2241 258,0331 623,457 l,167,869 1,763,715 S<ikTrHad- The total export value of silk handkerchief kerchief. r e is about 2,800,000 yen. In the country of export, the United States stands first, England next, Hongkong, France, and other countries third, and the trade for the last five years with different countries is shown below. 206 COMMERCE. AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1; Ausralia doz. 1,824 2,607 6,595 6,110 1.yen 8,489 10,001 27,015 24,742 British doz. 2,425 1,281 4,536 2,989 America... yen 10,072 4,132 17,882 11,138 Briti. I doz. 2,385 1,557 1,777 3,141 1 Bryen 8,361 15,445 5,310 9,865 Ch. doz. 4,19 13,206 1,119 409 ^a... (yen 51,202 46,797 4,857 1,180 France doz. 14,711 25,071 88,768 53,408 e yen 57,121 95,066 298,352 176,211 1t doz. 460 1,899 3,065 4,233 en 1,524 5,697 11,493 12,609 ' Great doz. 49,533 67,267 150,155 90,826 1. Britain.. yen 180,573 228,581 520,044 297,459 4( doz. 435 - 276 385 Hawaii yen 1,421 1,129 1,385 doz. - - 22,869 23,079 ongk yen - 79,043 80,380 11 -doz.- 584 861 Itayen - - 1,930 2,769 -. oz. 3,998 66 "Russia... 1,856 210 yen -- ( doz-. -- -- Spa 'i yen - {doz. 785 Switzerland... d- 2,390 yen 2,3 United doz. 229,979 226,063 353,650 634,116 7 States.yen 816,151 831,778 1,106,225 1,870,048 1,8 Other doz. 1,783 1,405 4,279 6,395 Countries.. yen 8,368 6,431 19,323 26,560 Total doz. 317,828 340,465 641,671 826,803 1,0 yen 1,146,282 1,233,928 2,104,459 2,516,946 2,8 891.2,267 6s,42o0 9.,839' 26,417 [4,339 41,9761 337 1,188, 59,4851 38,060! 8,1551 20,078' 56.0561 31,429' 1,728S 4,385S 59,562' 30,5691 3731 873! 250; 456 565 1,267] 241 596 50,632t 23,8781 9,0161 34,2281 82,845S 11,820f The silk handkerchiefs exported at present consist of white silk having turned over edges (Orikaeshi) which is produced in large quantities; the striped edges (Shimabuchi), the striped edges turned over (Shima orikaeshi) and the scalloped silk (Fuchi nui). They are produced in Tokyo, Yokohama, Odawara, COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 207 Gifu, Nagoya, Kobe, Okayama and other districts, the port of export being Yokohama. Silk Matll- The total export value of the silk fabrics factures. amounts to 200,000 yen, manufactured in Tokyo, Osaka, Yokohama, Kyoto and Kobe. There are great variety, among which curtains, table cloth, chair cloth, bed cloth, plate cloth, printed figures and clothes &c. The trade for the last five years is given below. Coutres 187 18 89 19 119 Countries. Australia... yen Austria...... yen Belgium..... yen British America... yen British India... yen China...... yen Corea...... yen Denmark... yen France...... yen Germany... yen Great Britain.. yen Hawaii...... yen Holland..... yeni Hongkong... yen Italy....... yen Philippine Group.... yen Portugal..... yen Russia...... yen Siamn........ yen Spain......... yen Turkey...... yen United States.. yen Other Countries... yen Total...... yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 3,06c 705 435 11,496 6,157 23,656 417 80 35,751 4,092 30,749 IS 3,588 1,080 624 3,455 4,986 18,916 119 10C 32,081 3,02C 36,865 3 51 4,117 1,970 894 2,165 7,153 2,223 66 34,643 9,348 24,437 28 40 25,073 313 8,383 1,286 640 50,767 6,820 180,694 2,07 6,961 40( 2,65C 9,18( 1,003 47 18,503 7,062 24,492 8 -c 35,674 1,15C 112 3,677 1,685 452 48,060 5,247 168,765 6,015 579 938 7,761 21,530 2,839 77 230 17,065 5,87. 24,737 280 25 48,628 1,533 ~1,313 2,221 75 256 57,236 7,017 206,922 739 850 3,673 36 59,821 3,793 5,472 863 108 65 73,225 2,776 185,491 188,476 4 __ __ __ I 28 COMMERCE AND LNDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The Exporters and X~anufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commrcil Nme.Name of Principal -Person Commecial'ame.or Owner. (Kanaga~wa, Ken) Onoya....... Nozawaya.... Hasegawa Sh~iten. Kineya........ Kinuya, Sh~ten. Tanabeya,........ Nishimuraya (Hy6ogo Ken) Kaneumtsu Sh~iteu. (Ky~to Fu) Takashimaya Chigiriya,..... X\aoki.......... Zeniya,........ Muraggishi.. Shiino Sh~bei........ Shii-no Kenz6........ Matsuura Yoshimatsu. Koshuimitsu Denbei.. Hasegawa, Jiuz6.... And6 Kashicbi...... Kat3 Riukichi. Yamada U hachi...... Murata Okiz5. Suzuki Kenkichi.... Tanabe Take.... Ni4shimura Jiunzo.... Shada rrsunejir6.. Kanemiatsu Fusajir6 lida Shinshichi -Nishimura S~zaemion Naoki Eisuke.... Ono Zenbei MIu raki.-shi Sa-tar6. Ky~3to Stuff Co........IShihusawa Efichi (Head). Nishijin Mon-Ori Kwlisha, Izutsuya,......Yamada Taiz6 (Head)......Date Toraichi.... --- ~COJIJIODlTIES EXPORTED F-ROM. E' IPORTED TO. 203 Continued: Busi~ness Place. Deal-in- rtioesIvlanufact~uriig, Deain Aris Articles. Nko. 28, 2 chnine, 1Ioncbr), Yokohama. No. 19, 1 c1i611e, No. 56, 5 ch~tne, Bentend~ri, No. 30, 2 chame, No. 4, 1 chnine, OnoecliU, No. 46, 3 ch~me, 6Otachi), No. 20, 2 ch~ine, StimiyoshiicbZ5, No. 73, 4 ch~nie, Bentendr~ri, N o. 44, 3 cbr~nie, MAin uninakad~ri, No. 46, 3 ebbine, lionchU, 1 No. 12, 1 chame, 1, 5 N o. 28, 2 ch~ine, Ifinaminakadl~ri, No. 79, 4 ch~me, Bentendw~i, 3 cl~3ine, Sa-LmiehU, KZ3be. Takatsuji-sagaru Yakavhijinmae, Karasuniarold~ri, Kaiiiikyj)I~.k, KyZ~to. Silk, Fabrics.?ikfbics&Sl Hadeches Sik&Eboie i' anfctrs N.ishieiru Mlikiinub3, Sanji~ari, Silk Karasuimaru, Kankiko, Manufactures. Silk Handkerchiefs. Bed-cloths, Window Curtains & Table Cloths etc. EmhroideredYiizen, Table Cloths and Window Curtain. Window Curtains and Table Cloths. Figured Habutae, & Cotton Warp figured damnasks. Shiiitin& damask for Belt. Silk Cloths for WindowCurtain. Tlable Cloths, and Chamber Decoration. Shij~agarti Daiuonjicla, Tomniki3ji, Kainiky~ku, Karasainarukadlo, Shicbij1i)-ri, Kainikyilku, Kawantcbi)3, 'Nisliirn ShInchlO, S)ijU, iKamikyi~ku, YoshicdachU, Furumiinobechi3 ChIekZ3iinjhinoijci, Kawiky~kii, 4 chiime, Tienjhikit-acbj), HlorikawaIi3ri, Teranoncli-s-,garn Kainikyaiku Kyiuto, Silk & Emlbroidery Manufactures. Embroidery Manufactures. Silk Manufactures. 210 COMM,1ERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Commercial -Name. INamne of Principal Person I or Owner. Kawa~shima........ (Saitamia Ken) Fukushima Workshop Izurni.9.... (Gumma Ken) Iriyama........ Kakiaoge...... Onoki........ Moriso........ Kiriu Crapes Co. Seirensha.......... Seiaisha Kawashiia. J iubei.. Kobayashi Ayaz6.... Tanaka Seishichi.... Fukushima Shichibel. Yagihara, Rinshichi.... Saba Kichiemlon.... Kakiage Bunzaem-on Ono Thkizaernon... Mfor S~saku 'Nakata 'Nob-usuk-e (Hiead)" Yosbizawa Kichitar6.. Fukazawa Kokusabur6.... Aoki Yasuz6.... Morishita Shinzabur6.. Naka~jima 1)aijir6...... Yoshida Kinz,5........ Nakajimia SeizO5... Arai Kiichi.... Makishimia SeizahurO. Ishii Jokichi.... Shimioyauia Kakujir6. Osuk~a Keitar6........ Iidla Hirokichi...... Takahashi Dai. Sat-6 Kiusaku........ Tajiina Toyotar6.. COMMODFTTES EXPORTED FROMk4 IMPORTED TO. 211 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles. nufacturing Articles, I I [cfijiU-agaru, Hiflgashiloiikawadiri, Kamikyiku, Kyato. I Kuroehl3, WUH Karasumaru, Shichiij3idri, Omiya, Chdeldbugari. Yamanemum, Iruniagzri. Kirin, Yanadaginri. Uneremura., &iLigr3ii. Omaana, Yamnadargori. Umedamura, Sakainoonura, Silk Manufactures. Silk Knittings. Silk Piece Goods. Silk Price Goods. Silk Goods. Chamber Decorations, Silk Cloths for foreign-dresses, and Window Curtain. Silk Cloths for Handkerchiefs & Lining, & Chichibu Habutae. Handkerchiefs' (Habutae). Crapes. Habutae. Undyed Silk Cloths. Neri twilled Silk: Fabrics. Habutae. 212' CON1IERICE AND IINDUSTRY IN -JAPAY. Continued: Commercial N-"ame. (Gumma Ken) (TochigiKen) Yumi Ri6................. Chiri kichi................. Kimura (Aici i~n) ~...... Name of.Princiyal Person or Owvner. Takasoggi Senjir6......... Shimizu Kingor6........ Shimizu Seisaku.... lImai zumi Gensaku........ Kuwa~bara, Sakichi.......... Yoshida Bunjir6.... Sait6 Ichitar6............. Takata Thkichi......... Hoshino Yasomjatsu Hosbino N-\aokichi........ Aoyama Gohiachi.......... Aoyama, Na\,,ojir6.... Sonoda Toyomatsu......... Sono-da Ensaku............ Nakazato Sogoro-..... Kuribara Matasabur6.... Mori Riotar6.............. Ebara Kimpachi Shimoyama Manshichi.... Kobayashi Eitar6i..... W~atanabe Taka...... Got6 Saklakichi............. Egumi Tsunegoro. Ebara Teisuke............ Yamad6 TojiuP36 Ozawa Motokichi..... Morita Fukutar6..... Shimoyama Seijir6.... Aibara Kakutar6..... Takaggi Masakichi..... Iwamoto IRi~suke......... Hasegawa Sakushichi. Kimura Asashichi........ Shoda Tsunesaburo.. Wakayama Mosuke...... COMM1ODITI ES EXPORTED FROM ~- IMJPORTAD TO. 21-3 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles. Manufacturing Articles. Kawauchimura, Yamnadagi0-ri. Kiriu, Ftikuokamura, Aioiniura, Asbikaga, AsliikaggagiUri. Aslhikagagi3ri. Temmaelii3, Nagoya. Habutae Striped Habutae. Habutae. Satins..Kaiki. Striped Habutae. Habutae. Kaiki, Habutae, Mon-oni, twilled, Silk Cloths. Silk -Handkerchiefs. Silk Goods. Silk Handkerchiefs. JH oicli3, I 214 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Commercial 'N'ame. Y amanashi Ken) Jzutsuya, (cGifu Ken) (Fukushima Ken) Fujiya....... (Iukui Ken) Kigyjkwaisha............. (Ishikawa Ken) Nitta Kigygba............. Silk Manufacturingr Co. Name or Vrincipal -Verson or Owner. Oki Ky6fiei........ Osawa, Gisabur. Sugano Yoemon Okura Bunji Tanaka Kinshichi... Tsrbota Maggosuke...... Fukuda Yasoemnon... Mlizuno Yujir.... MIasugi Seijir6... Yamiaguchi Kihei...... Miyake Misbir6...... Takeya Hikohei Tsuchida Shigeru...... Matsushima Seihachi Gxoti Yogor6i............. d-oti Kamekichi...... Hayami Kwotar6....... Takayama Tatsuz5...... Shirokawa Jiun... Katsumi Toyokichi... Nitta Jinzaemon Tomizawa Kohei (Head)... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM ~ I1IPORTED TO. 215 Continued: Business Place. Dealing Article,, LI Kaji0lU, Ki) fu City. r[maimmii, Gi~z City. Kawkumatac)0, DategZri. Yanuttoshii~noeii5, Fukui City. NXishikikamimaclii, I Awatabetmira, finailateg3ron. Fuloii City. Ntorit'amura, Yo)ziliila53ri. Silk Goods. Kata Habutae, Window Curtain, & Handkerchief, Hahutae. i I I!Silk Handkerchiefs. White Habutae. I, Manufacturing Articles. I 216 COMIMEICE A4ND INDUST11 IN JAPAN. CIASS 18. RAW COTTON, COTTON CLOTH FOR FLOOR, COTTON FLANNEL, MOMPA, AND OTHER COTTON GOODS. The total export value of this class was about 180,000 yen. It has increased yearly, and at present it is about 380,000 yen. The cotton cloth for floor is nlanufactured in Sakai; MoIpa and cotton flannel is produced in Nagoya, WVakayama, Osaka, and Kyoto; towels iln Osaka, and cotton Chijinii in Sano, Ashikaga and Kiriu. Cottor Cloth The export of cotton cloth for floor began to show a fair prospect lately. The United States is the first country of export, England is next to it, and LTussia and Chilna come after it. The trade for tlhe last five years with different countries is shown iln the following table. Countries. Australia... yen British N o. America... yen No. Corea..... o. yen Great o. Britain... yen Hongkong... No.t yen No. Russia.... ye United No. States... yen Other ( No. Countries.. yen Total...... o. _ yen 1887.1888 1889 1 18s90 891 94 431 1,165 1,09s 96o0 293 2,819 3,774 2,414 737 401 137 207 _- 2,162 9293 29 2,51C 2,676 338 207 1,629 3,203 5,594 739 508 2,230 24 1,431,8 1,784 393 1,187 83 1,154 1,266 1,10 720 3,971 7,675 8,498 6, 151 7,801 4,484 10,803 18,228,93 6,556 - - 2,125 168 539 - 6,76i I477 1,076 -- - 1,69,622 9,429 1,041 1,552o 4,936 5,464 12,023 9,371 15, 213 38,208 10,699 29,749 18,44 36,553 76,736 38: 1,638 700 63d~ 8511 1.071 2.595, 1,7T98 1 122 1.1 1 1,-,445 25,7 4 6,077 i, 3 60o,81 t1 19,8331 52,7141 _54t.215i 51.04S 94.73()0 COlMMODITIES EXPORTED,' FIROM IM1O1L'OI,'T) TO. 217 Cott on Flainlel, The cotton flannel and LMonlpa, and other Motnpr,, cotton goods are exported to Hongong il iCttotIr large quantities, Corea and China come to aGods. the next. The export from Yokohama is chiefly for the Chinese use. It consists of the striped Chijimi and plain white Chijimi, the size being 3 Jo 3 Shaku by 1 shaku 3 sun (Kujirajaku), another sort being 5 jo by 2 shaku, still another 5 jo by 1 shaku 8 sun,. manufactured in Sano, Ashikaga and Kiriu. For foreign export that is for Europe and America, the white Chijimi and printed one, some bearing the figures of flowers and birds is manufactured. The trade for the last five years is shown in the next table. Countries. 1887 __ _ ____. British India... China...... Corea.... France... Germany... Great Britain... Hawaii... Hongkong... Russia. United States... Other Countries Total... piece (yen piece yen piece yen S piece yen piece yen piece yen $ piece yen piece yen piece yen piece yen piece yen piece Iyen 417,615 150,994 24,741 14,211 1,516 1,48( 881 1,25. 1,78' 1,408 1,15k 831 1,075 46i 448,80( 170.64( I888 317,401 137,35' 18,699 11,471 270 266 2,008 1,138 918 925 1,736 1,101 1,968 1,339 343,000 153,592 I F,SSg 1889 1890 1891 3,285 2,744 15,625 1,341 2,550 11,273 23,46- 20,541 64,574 12,061 10,007 39,306 14,666 73,316 171,717. 9,005 40,031 70,4990 277 907 377 22; 6,210 376 1,521 434 766 2,947 1,467 697 296 896 1,975 188 764 1,279 304,937 253,895 244,586 113,790 101,878 100,907 872 2,472 2,154 707 2,983 2,488 4,216 2,221 4,949 5,248 5,993 13,962 1,056 1,329 1,640 1.528 1,958 2,572 354,581 358,748 508,363 147.035i 173,841 243,359 Raw cotton. Export value of the late year 47,901 yen chiefly to Corea. TPhe Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial N-ame. Directors. Business place.Dein Mnuatrg - H~oKn)Articles. Articles. Ohasbi Sb6ten..Ohasbi Sh~taro..K,c City. Cotn&u.Cttn.g (Osaka Fe.)r.. SaaiCity. Cto u Cotton Rug. (r'ky6 Fu.) Onaggigawa Cotton Clotfi Co.....Kbmuehi Jouiotsune ' No. 136, Oshiiiaountr, M~imikuikt-"1- Chiira, oni, (Ky~to Fu) (Head) silikag01i.1 Chij'imi. Naoki........... Naoki Eisuke... ok~, Cto lts matsumaeya.. IKase Kambei... I... m-tgri 1\yoto.l3 Coto'Rg.rlaKnd o Mat baag~ KgoI Cotton]Ria-I Stuffs, and 1 (Tochig-i Ken.) lYt.Carpets. (aaaaKn)Okonogi 15shird 5 Asliikaga. Cotton. Crapes. Sakai Giihei....... TaLkmielZ, Wakzi,3-aa City.\ Cotton Flannels. Kitajiima Shichibei Uyematst~ii,,,, Y-asukatwa Sh~bei..3 chbi~ne, Sbiiidi~ri,, I C 6-1It, 4 -te-.1 I I." tf It 4 -li COl.M1ODITIES EXPO'RTED FiROM IMIPORTED 'TO. 219 CLrASS 19. LACQUERED WARES. The lacquered wares are the produce special to this country, and have attained the admiration il the foreign land from an early period. Though the producing districts are many, the noted places of manufactures for export purposes are Aizu (same as Wakainatsu in Iwashiro), Kii, Shizuoka, Hakone (in Sagami), Kaga, Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto. The principal articles produced are tray, bread tray, hanging shelf, square shelf, box, drawers incense box, stove screen &c. Trays are manufactured in Aizu and Kii; bread trays in Shizuoka; wooden plates in Hakone; the rest are manufactured everywhere. The total export value amnounts to about 600,000 yen. In the countries of export, England, Germany, Hollgkog, France, and the United States are the principal ones. Yokohama is the chief port of export, Kobe is the next. The trade for the last five years can be seen in the following table. 220 COMMElCE AND INDUS'RY IN JAPAN. Countries. Australia... yen Austria...... yen Belgium... yen British America... yen British India.. yen China...... yen Corea...... yen France...... yen Germany... yen Great Britain. yen Holland... yen Hongkong... yen Italy..... yen Philippine Group... yen Russia...... yen Switzerland... yen United States. yen Other Countries... yen Total... yen 1887 1888 14,410 11,758 1, 110' 4,191 2,355 5,470 15,389 7,419 21.592 4,187 178,564 142,189 3,558 16,387 80,718 63,296 89,296 129,193 144,683 140,064 2,481 1,859 3,9401 4,573 1,026 2,675 1,000 495 64,818 51,933 5,783 3,959 630,723~ 589,64a 18s89 1890 I1891 14,3391 10,899 5,467: 4,960 3,6021 4,425 4,638s 4,325 (6, 199 6,720 3,134 3,555j 17,725 18,106 31,6631 8,4'28 3,937 4,809i 3,055 4,13i 7,9267 47,5 18 61,682 51,036 155,694 145,234; 86,229i 188.515 173,557j 212,635i 5,843 5,66 1 6,6071 96,366 76,080i 80,546i 12,164 6,710j 7,508| - I 81i 5,165 1,624 4,94; 9,234 573 1,127i 404j 46,841 39,700! 48,840| 13,462 S,5011 5,126[ 628,465 57. t(601 577,374 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 1, IM1PORTED TO. 221 The Exporters and Manufacturas of the Above Mentioned Articles. N Name of Principal Commecial ame.Person or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) Isea iKomeya........ Moriyasu Shaten (Hy,5oo Ken) Ohashi Sh6ten. (Osaka Fua) Jzumiya,..... (N-agasaki Ken) Hondaya.... (Thky6 Fu) Uyek6.... Niigaya Rihei.. Amano Monemon.... Watanabe Kanemon Oseki Sadajir5 M1oriyasu Takisaburo. Ohashi Sh6tar6 Kate Buzaemon.. Shibakawa MNataemon. Honda T~zabur6.... Kobayashi K6jir6.... Miyawoto Ma~saru...... Iwamoto, Kuwaz6.... Kashiwahara 'Naoemon Tamenaga Kiichir,5 Hay'ashi Kuhei.... Shbibata Reisai..... Hirayama Fukumatsu. Uyematsu Yakichi..... Sait6 Masakichi.... Kawanobe Jtch6..... Kuroeya Sunch6 Kiya,.............................................., NMatsuya....... Dakitami.....i.. Tawara EiL... 222 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued:Business Place. Dealing ManufacArticles. turing Articles. No. iS, 2 ch~3me, SakaichU, Yoko- Lacquered hania. Wares Yumoto mnuit, AshIdgarshirnogZiri. Lacqueritign, Yokohama. and Gold hacqueringus. 2 chi3re, Honceb, 4 chilme, ]3ententldri,,, Ki3be Citv. 2 clrn-e,Edlobori-ifnridiaiitl3riOsaka. Osa'ka. Ionkagochr), Nagasaki City. Lacquered W~ares. No. 31, 2 ch3ime, Tstkiji, T~ky. Gold Lacquered "'aryes. No. 17, Saruyachb, Asakusakui, No. 38, 2' chlre, Ildamachi, Kiijimachiku. 1 chi3tne, T3ri, Nihoinbashiku, Lacqered TI'kyri. Wares. Slinzaimokuchi3,, 2 cbhiie, Muronmachi, Nilioniasbiku, " Gold Saeniongashi, Asaku ku. Lacquering. Sueldirocl]O, Kandaku, Izimfl~wchi3, Kyi3basliku,., 2 chilmne, Giiiza,,, Nishliiniis-njileO, Asukusaku., Lacquering and lGolid Lacquering COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4~ IMPORTED TO. 22a Continued Nm f rnialPro Commercial Name. (Ky6to Fu) Yauiatoya..... or Owner. Mikami Jisaburb..... Zog~eya.... Minoya.... (Shizuoka Ken) Mlasunagaya........ Yamamatsuya........ Nishinoyat.... Yairiya...... (Wakayauia Ken) Hiyaniizuya Oya. Hisbiya...... (Ishikawa Ken) Nishimura Hikobei.... Inagaki Magobel. Mikami Kozabur35.... Murata- Kamekicbi.... Masunaga Toyotar6 Ozawa Sefichi...... Matsuyamna Eijiro.. SaW Kitazaeumon.... Yairi Rokusabur6.... Hotta K6jiri... Shimizu Yohlei.... Kawvabata Rokuzaeuien... Hishikawa Shigori.... Tsuruta W.ansaburi....' Koshimna Hauipei. Morishita Morihiachi Hirazawa Kisabir6... 2294 CO-MMEPCE AND INDUSITY IN JAPANV. Continued Business Place. Dealing of Articles. Manufacturing Articles. Yanagibaba 'Nildefiromatid, Shisno. kyviko, Kvuito Ayak~jisagaro, nakainooacsi, Teraomachid~iri,,,, Shij3 agaru, TerasoacldiZ~rI,,,,,1 iEga~vacliz Shizuoka. IOgatacho, 91 7Sanmbancli, SbAi74o1 11 ch~nie, Chachi3, 1 Small boxes, portable lunch boxes, wooden Icup, larg(e trays. 'Small boxes, and all kinds of cttketrays. Small boxe~s, and al' kind-, of cake-trays, [.ac(qoering, and golol lacquering. Black lacquered gohi' lacquering, dIrawers of small siAze, & varn 005s others. C-oldI Lacquering mi1x~A with Conclh-selels, Iratwer-, to keep thE 1smrelain wvares an(1 otherl's. Lacquered Wares. Black lacqoered gmnld lacqoatcruig, drawers, and others. Lacquered Wares. Gold lacquering. a1. t ch~me, Gofuk-ochl3.. Kuroeusura, Nagnsag-Dri. lKamazawa, City. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM, IMLPORTED TO. 225 CLASS 20. IRON, TIN, LEAD, INGOT COPPER, SHEET COPPER, BAR OR SLAB COPPER, COPPER WIRE, OLD COPPER, DUST COPPER, BRASS, BRAss WIRE, OLD BRASS, IRON WIRE, OLD BRONZE, SHEET YELLOW METAL, GOLD AND SILVER WARE, PLATED GOLD AND SILVER WARE, IRON WARE, TIN WARE, COPPER WARE, BRONZE WARE, BRASS WARE, ANTIMONY, BRONZE, ZINC, IRON NAIL AND OTHER METALLIC WARES. Bronze The total export value of bronze wares is Wares. about 20,000 yen. The country of export is France in the first place, England, the United States, Hongkong, Germany, British India, Austria, Australia occupy the second place. In manufacture Tokyo is the first, Osaka and Kyoto, Takaoka and Kanazawa come next. The manufactured articles are flower vases, trays, ornaments, incense burners, photograph rack, cigar holder, &c. Yokohama is the first port of export, sends out the seven-tenth of the whole export, and Kobe the rest three-tenth. The trade for the last five years is shown in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia... yen 5,093 6,763 5,741 4,916 2,996 Austria...... yen 4,386 2,758 3,997 3,364 4,01 Belgium... yen 1,046 642 3,881 1,623 2,068 British America... yen 5,448 2,991 3,291 1,771 1,096 British India.. yen 2,677 4,648 7,379 10,805 18,406 China.... yen 22,542 16,000 - - France.... yen 83,206 70,400 69,919 52,464 42,674 Germany... yen 11,456 12,946 24,666 12,037 12,025 Great Britain. yen 42,136 42,792 44,881 45,475 46,104 226. COLMM.IIECE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Hongkong... yen - - 12,577 14,529 16,002 Italy... yen 3,940 5,316 4,932 974 825 Philippine Group... yen - - - 520 1,915i Russia...... yen - 439 2,053 2,085| Siam...... yen - 1,132 1,03( 30 - Spain...... yen - 18 - - Ulnited States... yen 41,381 37,297 36,86] 24,562 48,761 Other Countries... yen 4,863 2,079 9,726 5,995 5,5581 Total... yen 228,1741 205,782 229,3181 181,1181 z04,53iAntimonly. The total export value is about 300,000 yen, mostly the product of Ichinogawa mine in Iyo and Totsukawa mine in Yamato, Tosa, iliuga &c., among which Iyo produces most and in quality it excells the others. There are the distinctions of ones, sulphureted antimony, and purified antimony, of which the sulphureted antimony is principally exported. The country of export is Hongkong in the first place, and England comes next to it. It is almost wholly exported from Kobe. On or about 1874 the antimony was imported, but from 1877 the domestic produce began to be exported, and steadily increased ever since. In Tokyo and other place the flower vases, trays, photograph racks, buttons alnd all other kinds are manufactlured and exported. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 hn catty 587,301 636,796 52,90C - 2,62S yen 26,884 44,884 4,655 - 4521 France catty 300 165,36'/ 181,430 - yen 17 16,584 25,472 - COIMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4. IMPORTED TO. 227 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 German y catt - - 54617 31,318 69,258 Gera yen - 4,623 4,125 4,724 Great catty 2,796,857 1,291,916 1,288,097 412,502 320,563 Britain... yen 134,962 90,379 119,251 60,271 24,723 ongkon. catty - - 913,564 2,169,060 2,630,472 Italy... catty - 200,600 - - Italy...... yen -- 14,042 - - - United catty 44,625 57,301 25,333 42,800 50,428 States... yen 2,015 4,015 2,601 5,333 3,252 Other catty - - - - 40 Countries. yen - - 16 catty 3,429,083 2,186,613 2,499,873 2,837,1 i 3,073,39(0 ota... yen 163,878 153,320 238,833 349,96 232,499 Bronze. The total export value of bionze is about 140,000 yen. Chiefly exported to Hongkong, next to Corea. The old useless wares are melted and made into suitable masses, and exported mostly by Osaka merchants, eight-tenth of it is exported from Kobe, and the rest from Osaka. follows: The trade statistics are as Countries. 1887 188 188 9 1890 1891 British S catty - - 177,544 167,556 44 India... yen - - 22,712 20,527 7 Chin catty - 126,000 230,852 168,094 3,777 n.. yen - 26,295 33,573 19,835 439 Corea catty 663 445,447 111,934 278,801 Corea....... yen 86 53,041 11,767 32,606 Great catty - 251,348 104,084 33,500 90 Britain... yen - 55,147 15,463 4,355 10 Hnakon catty - 514,474 631,659 935,717 onon. yen - - 61,611 73,626 108,456 Other catty - - - - 32 Countries. yen - - - 4 Total. catty 378,ui1 1,47z,4Ul l,112,743 1,218,461. yen - 81,528 186,4001 130,110 141,522 228 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ingot The ingot copper and bar or slab copper Copper, Bar or combined amounts to about 5,000,000 yen in Slab the total value. The producing districts are Copper. Shimotsuke, Iyo, Ugo, Bizen, Bitchiu, Kaga, Echigo, Iwami, Hiuga &c. The first export port is Yokohama, Kobe is next and Osaka comes last. What is meant by the ingot copper is that the copper is in the original state as it came from the mines. By bar or slab copper is meant that the copper was melted and made into bars, slabs or sheet and having the trademarks of the manufactures stamped into them and exported, they bear the different names such as square copper, long pole, slab copper and sheet copper. In transaction the price is set on every hundred catties. Ingot copper is chiefly exported to Hongkong; China and England are secondary. Slab copper is also chiefly exported to Hongkong; England, British India, Corea and France have rest of the share. The trade for the last five years is given in the following table. (Ingot Copper.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia.. catty 16,929 - - Australia.. (yen^ _ _ _ _ yen 2,506 - - - British... catty 356,396 - 1,909,781 168,207 34,707 India... yen 49,42 - 288,636 26,913 5,724 China catty 8,225,142 5,181,436 3,622,533 1,839,206 4,794,342 ' yen 1,156,366 1,050,171 552,390 295,886 795,501 Core catty 104,943 363,072 328,243 347,148 262,104 yen 14,404 73,819 55,955 54,383 43,291 France catty 84,687 - - - - c yen.12,106 - - - COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM cF IMPORTED TO. 229 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 catty 99,120 - 91 - 91,120 Germany.. n 14,356 - 15 - 15,748 Great catty 210,615 1,876,312 1,556,148 1,469,715 665,700 Britain.. yen 29,951 402,493 262,583 1,813,813 111,595 onkogn catty - - 823,697 5,398,386 11,125,263 Hon yen - - 132,488 858,524 1,856,522 Other. catty - 418 68 1,441 - Countries. yen -- 84 15 243 - Total... catty 9,097,8327,421,2388,240,561 9,224,103 16,973,236 yen 1,279,531 1,526,567 1,292,082 3,049,762 2,828,381 (Sheet Copper, Bar Copper, Slab Copper.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British catty 173,278 70,645 1,305,568 182,721 1,327,245 Indi... yen 25,399 16,219 222,677 33,945 226,881 China catty 4,459,961 3,906,309 1,538,386 699,547 1,207,607 n yen 645,308 874,439 266,061 122,828 212,089 Oorea catty 185,911 273,498 1,137,570 1,237,527 764,251 yen 27,954 65,664 193,873 211,443 128,702 France catty 1,064 481,962 326,746 333,108 218,130 ye en 155 112,981 80,763 58,881 38,718 catty - 126,882 715 295,415 84,038 Germany... yen - 31,502 122 51,496 14,707 Great catty 324,430 3,792,951 2,247,935 4,207,782 1,296,699 Britain... |yen 53,075 891,014 471,065 751,414 226,698 catty - - 2,037,711 6,169,942 6,998,285 ongkong. yen -_ - 352,326 1,072,274 1,199,754 Other catty 640 1,420 - 1,461 6,492 Countries yen 92 400 - 270 1,160 Total. catty 5,145,284 8,653,667 8,594,631 3,127,503 11,902,747 yen 751,983 1,992,219 1,586,887 2,302,551 2,048,709 Tin. Yen 29,882 exported to Corea. Brass Ware. Yen 12,522 chiefly exported to Hongkong & China. Brass Wire. Yen 60,575 exported to China. copper Ware. Yen 20,829 chiefly exported to China and Hongkong. iron Ware. Yen 64,278 chiefly exported to Corea. Other Metals. Yen 31,991 chiefly exported to China & Corea. 230 COMMEERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Exporters ani Manufasturers of the Abova Mentioned Articles. C Name of Principal Person Colunercial 'Name. or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken.) Kamoiya............... Izumiya............ Iwazakiya............... Kamokame Shoten......... Numashima,,...... Musashiya............... Kobayashi Shoten....... (Hyogo Ken.) Kobe Branch of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha............ Sumlitomo Branch in KSbe. (Osaka Fu.) Yagishita Toku......... Iwasaki Tomojiro...... Namikawa Seikichi....... Ogaki Naotaro....... Sugiyama Kamekichi.... Numashima Jirobei..... Oseki Sadajir........... Okazaki Shkichi......... Hattori Shintaro......... Matsumi Kwansuke.... Tanaka Kosuke (Manager).. Tanabe Teikichi,.. Yokoyama Jihei......... Kawai Sh6suke........... Hayashi Heiz5............ Kawabe Kurasabur5...... Fukushima Toshichi.... Yamanaka Naoshichi.... Sakamoto Heisuke....... Yonenami Chobei........ CO-1flIODTEES EXPORT1ED FROM1 (~ IM1PORTED TO. 231. Continued: Business Places. Dealing Articles. Manufacturing ii Articles. 1 chilie, Benten'Iiri, Yokohama. 1 ch~Ume, Otan imId, 2 Chi3m1e, Sakaichii3, 1 liimitl"Iina lakadloci,.I chi3me, Honchi3, I chime, -Kitauakadi331i 4 ClI0me, 1HomchZo, 3 (l10071m 1 chi3~ne, Bentei~ld~ri, Ichaime, )TotochU, lube. 3 chomue, Kaigaui, i 5 c11Omfl. SakaichlO. I i I I i i1 I I i i Ingrot Copper, Biar, Slab Copper etc. All kfinds of Bronz- Wares. Bar, Slab Copper, Bronze, and IIngot Copper. Antimony. ICopper and IAntimony. I Osaka City. Os-Aka City. 1 ch~nie, ShiomioclOrri, Osa-ka city. 2 chm~me, Nishi Di~tonbori41~ri, Nishikuo Ocaka City. 1 ch;5ne, A-i4~ljibashidiiri, MIVIinariku, Osaka City. 2 chilmne, Audo~jibashidon, Miuamiku, ONak-a City. 1 eho-me, 'Ninamihiorieshitadori, Nisliku, Osaka City. 4 chime, Anudojmbashidor, Mmlamniku, o saka City, Ingrot, Bar, Slab Copper, Bronze,.and Copper Wire. Ingot Copper. Bar, Slab Copper. Ingot, Bar, Slab ICopper, andi Copper Wire. Bar, Slab Copper. Bar, Slab Copper. Brass Wire. 232 COMMUERCE AND INDU-1STRY IN.JAIPAN. Continued - Comnmercia~l Niame. (Thkya Fu.) IName of Principal Person I or Owner. F~urukawa Cop] Hishiya. Kagaya. —. Sakunaya. Yalmatoya. iamlatoya.. Mikawaya. Kamtuik65 per Foundry... Furukawa Ichibei.. Takahashi Yosbibei.........Suzuki Ki-cbigor5............ Shinioseki Kahei..............Shibata Gensuke. Tavnimura Jen-ion............. obayashi Zembel..... Kobayashi IRibei...... Mikawva Rozaburo............... Kobayasbi Kdji'rO.. Suzuki Ch~kiehi t(Ky,5to Fit.) IKawachiya................ l Siwiktdo................ Echigoya.................. Yosbida Yasulbei...... Kanaiya Gorosabur&5... Tami Eisuke.............. IIkeda SeisuLke........... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM1 4~ IMPORTED TO. 233 Continued: Business Places. DaigArticles.: Manufacturing DaigArticles. I No. 15, 3 ch~rne, Yanagiwarachi, Honljoku. 1Kobtinaclh, Nihonbashiku. No. 17, 2 ch~ine, YokoyamachU, Nilhonbashiku. No. 15, 2 ch~me, KayachO0, Asakusakoi. No. 18, MAatsumotocM5, Shibaku. No. 16, T~rislhiocIR5, Nihonbashiku. No. 8, No. 9, 1 chrnie, YakoyaroachO, Nihoubashiku. No. 10, 1 chirme,11fatag-ochU, Kandaku. No. 31, 2 chrme, Tsukiji, Ky~bashiku. 3 chljme,. i iAlotoshinmeich;5, To-Iik~jid~ri, Kyilto. ShikibucihO, Teramachidilri, Shimookioku, Kyilto. Teraniachidilri, Shinmokioku, Kyato. Umremotochil, Slinmouzen, Kamikiok-u, Kyato. Ingot Copper, Bronze. Antimony Wares. Copper?~Wares. Metallic Wares.' Antimony Wares. Sundry Metallic lAares. Copper Wares. Copper Wares, Ornamental'~ Castings. Bar, Slab Copper..All kinds of Bronze Wares. Flower Vase, Clusors,Coloured Copper Wares. Inlaid Wares. 231 CO2MMIERCE AN-D INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CrLss 21. EARTHENWARE, PORCELAIN, SHIPPO AND GLASS WARE. ^Eatheltware The earthenware and porcelain are and Porcelain. ths well known produce of the Empire. They are manufactured more or less in every part of the country, but the most noted places are Aichi, Gifu, Saga, Ishikawa, Kyoto, Fukushima and other prefectures. The total export value amounts to about 1,300,000 yen, chiefly exported to the United States, next to England, and the rest to Hongkong, France, Germany, China, Corea, British India, Australia, Belgium and other countries. as follows: The trade for the last five years is Countries. Australia... yen Austria...... yen Belgium... yen British America... yen British India.. yen China...... yen Corea...... yen France...... yen Germany... yen Great Britain. yen Hawaii...... yen Holland... yen Hongkong... yen Italy...... yen Philippine Group... yen Russia...... yen Siam.......yen Spain...... yen 1887 21,862 7,320 5,490 35,367 31,064 385,294 15,486 181,102 52,724 259,056 1,129 4,621 1,757 1888 34,981 15,405 10,810 14,542 24,567 323,550 17,153 148,750 77,415 264,951 1,088 10,771 3,229 2,150 18i9 ] 1890 20,939 18,432 16,469 13,835 22,591 16,320 19,019 12,219 35,349 32,236 46,207 43,223 17,314 23,182 212,979 118,430 102,075 74,410 348,178 309,785 988 2,219 2,232 4,327 163,631 133,516 8,938 7,932 104 1,707 2,823 8,884 9991 5ool 1891 18,584 12,078 12,188 12,312 36,739 54,937 37,837 107,697 62,902 266,993 3,170 2,719 173,010 6,188 3,030 10,515 1,039 CO1MMODITIES EXPORTED FROM, IMPORTED TO. 235 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Switzerland... yen ~ 1,379 1,275 927 1,156 101 Turkey...... yen 1,597 2,866 2,114 1,759 1,363 United States. yen 295,586 326,950 398,831 400,114 448,403 Other Countries... yen 11,067 14,863 27,182 21,771 15,221 Total... yen.,311,901 1[,95,:316 1,449,889 1,245.,957 1.287,026 The most noted manufactures for the export are the Imari wares of Saga prefecture, Seto wares of Aichi, Tajimi wares of Gifu, Aizu and Soma wares of Fukushima, Kutani wares of Ishikawa, Satsuma wares of Kagoshima, Banko wares of Miye, and Awata and Kiyomidsu wares of Kyoto Fu, and consist of flower vases, dishes and plates, tea and coffee sets, flower pots, umbrella stands, wash basins, censers, pots, tea pots and bowls, which are mostly exported from Yokohama and Kobe. Shippo Ware. The Shipp5 ware is one of the most articles of export, the total export amounting to some 40,000 yen, yet the exquisite design and skilful workmanship is highly estimated all over the world. Tokyo, Kyoto, Yokohama and Nagoya are the noted places of manufacture. The trade for the last five years is as follows. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1 1891......, Australia.., yen 430 29 1,002 737 2,104 Austria... yen 1,547 569 318 188 450 Belgium... yen - 214 232 British America.. yen 741 17 120 16 266 British India.. yen 3,317 2,212 1,328 1,151 1,523 China.....yen 4,173 2,940 596 407 888 Denmark.,. yen - - - 55 236 COMMIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 ] 1888 1 1889 1 1890 France...... yen Germany... yen Great Britain. yen Hawaii...... yen Hongkong... yen Italy...... yen Portugal... yen Russia...... yen Siam...... yen Spain...... yen Sweden and Norway... yen Switzerland... yen Turkey...... yen United States yen Other Countries... yen Total... yen 11,363 1,797 12,220 21 8,36C 1,954 8,812 300 33 488 15 40 353 3,012 29 29,163 2,588 3,397 3,885 3,246 78 10C 5,622 1,338 10,10 ' 61 8,374 415 10C 27 1,88S 1891 7,238 952 13,581 20 6,528 335 785 870 49 90 95 7,671 417 43,917 3,631 256 39,496 221 2,542 254 85 4,644 723 19,8691 36,110 Glass Ware. The export total value amounted to some 20,000 yen a few years ago, but the works became steadily developed that in the last year it arose to more than 100,000 yen. Osaka is the principal producing place, manufacturing lamps and articles belonging to it, table wares &c. Mostly exported to China and Hongkong, and the rest to Corea and Russia. Lamps and lanterns are exported to China, and glass shades to Hongkong, chiefly exported from Kobe, and the rest from Osaka. The trade for the last five year is as in the following table. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China..... yen 15,439 25,887 50,330 60,168 80,786 Corea.... yen 2,089 2,107 3,497 5,267 6,671 Hongkong... yen - - 4,121 9,076 11,316 Russia.....yen 1,199 1,096 1,017 2,247 3,865 Other Countries... yen 144 505 281 585 1,3021 Total.. yen 18,871 29,595 59.246 '77.343 103,940 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROIO 4 IMPORTED TO. 237 ]Exporters and Manufactures of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (I~an~agoawa Kien) Tashiroya.......... Matsuishiya.... Dainippon Ceramic Co. (lly~go, Ken) Kamochi Sh~ten.... Mawatari Sh~ten.... Yamamoto i (Osaka Fu) llinoya............ Ikedaya........ Tantosha......... Awaya............ Kihara Manufactory...... Tashiro Jchir6ji Imura Hikojir6.. Takarai Kuraji (Manager) K~no Yoshitaro.... G-ot6 Chiyono. Yasukawa Hy6ji Watano, Kichiji...... Takifuji Manjir6. Kawai Yoshijir6....... Tanaka Shirozaemon. Makuzu K6zan.. Komochi Kurauosuke.... Nawatari Shunr6.... Yamamoto Naosabur6.... Tsuji S6bei.... Tsuji Zensuke.... Kat5 Kiujir6........ Matsumoto Masuz6 (Head) Kodama Ichimatsu...:.. Akamatsu Yashichi..... Tsutsui Shimbei...... Kihara Moliei (Owner).... Shink6sha......... Shik~sa.A~wa, Matsunosuke (,,) 233 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. No. 40, 2 e1InT~e, Deiitend~ri, Yokobania. No. 22, 2 elaine., ilToncha, No. 27, 3 e00me, IlotoharoachU, 2 eh~nie, H-onch53,' No. 38, 8 ch~rne, L'chhlaech5, No. 3, ShimiznichZ3, C1 ch111, 11on1clu, 1 chaine, Kitanakadiri, 4 ch~ire, Ainich3, 3 chaino, Honcha, OtacbJ6, 3 chi~me, Sakaic]1i, Kilbe. 4 cblOue, Sakaicha5, K~be. 2 cliai ne,,,,, I 1 cl~iane, IUtsubokamii dori, Nisbiksi, Osaka. 1 ecaime, 1Jtsubominarniidari, Nishiku, Nislhiku, Osaka. 1 chaine, A.-wazanakad~ri, 'Nishikio, Osaka. 1 chaine, Tacbibanoddi rIt,,,,, 4 chame, Ifiranoch1a, IHigashiku, 1 chiline, E1'dobori, Nishiku, 2 ch~me, AMinaidi~li, Slinanoinachi, Nishiku, Osaka Snehirocliil, Kitaku, Dealing Articles. Porcelain &c. Shipp6 ware. Porcelain and Earthen wares. Shp6wares. Porcelain and 'Earthen wares..' Porcelain and Earthen wares. Glass wares. Manufacturing Articles. Shipp6 wares. Glass medicinebottles. Glass medicine and wine bottle..I. CO.MMO1DITIES IZXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 239 - Continued - Comecil am.N a.me of Principal Person Commecial ame.or Owner. Glass Manuafactory.... Seish6 G6shi Kwaisha..... Otsuya............. (Nagasaki Ken) Ttakuhambai Kwaisha Branch Shop of K6ransha (T-5ky6 Pu) Kai Sh~ten.......... Hy6chien.......... Shiiiagawa, Glass Factory.... N~eisha....... Marusu. Sh~kwai....... Kameya,..... Masuko Porcelain Co..... Sans6............ Mantatsu..... Otsuka Zihei (Owner) Korna."i Shf5tara.... Shimada M1agohei.... Yokoyama Masakichi.... Okitsu Sh~kichi...... Sugiura Mosuke.... Asai Takegor6. Miyazoe Kichibei (Head) Kai Oie.... Tanabe Zenzaburo.... Kawara Noritatsu..... Kashiwamura Y6..... Sait6 Toyojir5. Kato Sukesabur6...... Takiza~wa Masakichi.... Ogiwara Ki-kujir6.... Shimada S~bei.... Koya-nagi Kiuz6.. Kar-umi S~ji........ Fukagawa Eizaernon.... Branch Shop of Kfransha 240 C OJI E RC E AN.D IND US TRY IN JA PA N. Continued: Busines Place. I~elig'AricesManufacturing Daing0Atile Articles. iK-shincblz3, Kitako1, Kawagakinsura, KXislinarigo-ri. 1 clhlme, Sldinmachid~ri, Nishiku, O saka. 1 ch~me, Kyj~nmachiboridari,,, 1 ch~ose, Awazashsitadi)ri,,, 1 ch~rme, TacLhiiiuibori MAinaimid~3ri, 'Nishiku,70saha. Unagot~3machi, Nlagasaki City. DeshhnacliU, OwaricbU Sbincie, Kiobasliku, TUI-y3). 3 ch~me, G4iniza, 9 No. 86, 2 chUmse, JHayasbieliU, IfoujUku 11 No. 281, ShinagawaciO, Ebarag~ri. 1 ch~nise, KakigaracbU3, Nihionbashiku. 1 cliZ~tne, NlIiian-misliinbori, Ki3bashiku' 1 cldnme, KakigarachB, Nilionbashikul. 2 chrone, Tomishimacbhi, 1 cld~me, Uinamichimachi, Asakusakcu. 1 ch~me, Ginza, Kiiibashiku. 2 clsine, H-oiushirokauecbZ5, Nihonhbsluiku. 2 cl0nie, HiyosldichO5, Kiobashiku. Porcelain and'7 Earthen wares. Porcelain and Earthen wares. Earthen wares Porcelain and Earthen wares. Porcelain and Earthen wares. Gllass lamps' oil 1101(1 -er, and lamp-chfinney. Glass lamps, and shades. Glass table wares. -Iedicine bottles, W~ine bttles, and Table wares. ~ CO MODTES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 241 Continued: Commercial Name. Namne of Principal Person or Owner. Namnikawa S~sik-e.. (Ky6t~oFu) Yorozuyib................. Tambaya -—.... Ki~to Porece-lin Co.......... Maruya................... Kwansei Trading Co.... Namikawa.............. T6j6.... Obiya.................. Kagiya........... Sawakichi................. Gohautei.. Kwachiutei........ Seifilan.......... Kawamoto Hideo.......... Inouye Ri~sai........ Takemoto ilnyata........ Kat6 Tomotar6............ Yasuda, Fukuz5 Nishida Itar6............. Niwa Keiz6 (Manager).... Kinkw6zan S~bei........... Hamaoka Kwotetsui (HleAd) Namikawa Yasuyuki T6j6 Yoshiihiko...... Taizan Yohei............. Yasuda Genshichi...... Yoshioka Kichibei......... Sbimizu. Rokubei..... Takahashi D~hachi......... Seiffti Yohei........ 242 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. No. 8, Shinemoncho, Nihonbashiku, TMkyrS. 2 eh;3me, Ginza, Ky~basbiku, TMyUi. Hashibach3, Asakusaku, 91 Takata, Koishikawaku, 33 2 ch~ume, Sbinogawmchl3, Ushigomeku, 1 chsl~me, Kiyomidzuzaka, Kamikioku, Ky~to. Iligashi 4 chilme, Goj~5kenninjichi3 Kamikyi~ku, Kylito. Fukakusamura, iig-ori, Ky~to. 3 ch~me, EbisuchZ5, Sainjild~ri, KamikyZ~ku, Ky~to. FuyachU5, Sa~ji~d~ri, Kamikyiiku, Kyi~to. Kitahoriikechl3, Kainikyi3ku, Kyilto. Shirakawabashi, Kamikyiku, Ky~to. Jligaschich% Kamiky~ku, Ky~to. IUmemiyach-5, Kamniky~ku, Ky~3o. Daibutsu Kitamonzen, Kyilto. Gojlzaka, Kamikyilka, Ky43te. 4 chame, Goji3bashidZ5ri, 5 chilme, II Dealing Articles. Mauatrn Articles. IShipp3 wares. Porcelain and Earthen wares. Porcelain andI Earthen wares.I Earthen wa-res. i Awa~ta wares. Porcelain and Earthen wares. IShipp6 wares. Porcelain,and Earthen wares. Porcelain and Earthen wares. Flower vases and Censer. Porcelain wares for - ble, plates, bowls, coffee caps, etc. Awata wares. Flower vases, Censers. Earthen wares. Earthien wares. Pocrelain. wares. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4t IMPORTED TO. 243 Continued: Commercial Name. Name of Principal Peison or Owner. Z6roku..-................. Eirakn................... Kitei................ (Aichi Ken) Konaya.......... Murata................ YamankaJ-a........... TUseigumi............ Shint~en...... Kit6ken........... T6rakuen................. Kwanj6en................. Hakuund6................ Mashimizu, Z6roku......... Eiraku' Zenichir6....... Wake Heikichi....... It6 T6zau........... Honda Yosaburo.... Suzuki Yaroku.... Takeuchi Ohiubei........ And6 Jiubei.... Takid6 Manjir6 Kit6 Yahei............ Saji Shiunz6.............. Matsukawa Yoshichi Kawachi Tokubei. Kat6 Senemon......... Kat6 Kaneshichi.. Inaba Yosuke......... Mayeda Mankichi........ Tomomatsu. Yoshihide.... Kawamoto, Hansuke.... Kawamoto Masukichi' *.. Kat6 Matsuemou.......... Kat6 Monemon........ Kata Shiubei......... 2-14 COMMEMCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: - - — Business Place. Dealing Articles. GoJabashid3rf, Kainikyiiku, Ky;to. Wshiiochlj, Shimokyaku, 99 6 ch~me, Gojichashihigashi, Kamikyrbku, Kygte. Shinyanagichij, Nagoya City. TatesanzochZ3, Shinmichiehi,% TamayaohU. Chayacho,, Nakaich~bach3, NakaichibachBl, Nabeyacha, Aioicha, Akatsukachi,% 1abeyachiU, AkatsukachU, Kiomachi, Setochb, Higashikasugaigiri. Shipp6 wares. 9, 1) Porcelain and Earthen wares. ol )f it 13, Manufacturing Articles. Porcelain wares. )O Flower vases, plates, and censers. to )v Kinran wares. P i 11 3) PI to Porcelain. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4~ IMPOBTED TO. 245 Continued: Commecial ame.Name of Principal Person, Sekkwaen........ Sant~en.......... (Miye Ken) (Gifu Ken) Seit~en............ (Fukushima Ken) Seneiken.......... Togyokuken T6,ch6d&.... (Ishikawa Ken) (Saga Ken) K6ransha....... Seiji Kwaisha. Kawamoto Sukegor6 Kawamoto Tomematsu Kawamura Matasuke Nishiura Enji.... Kat6 Gosuke.... KWt Kiujir6...... Nishiura Seishichi.... Mizuno Tamon.. Mizuno Kiz6.: Saw~ Tadashichi.... Watano Kichiji... Matsumoto Sahei.... Suya Kiuhei...... Suya Ch6jir6.... Asai Ichiga Fukag~awa EizaemonTetsuka Kamenosuke 246 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: -I Business Place. Dealing Articles. Manufacturing Articles. I I Setocho, Higashikasugaigori. Yokkaichich~, Miyegori. Tajimicho, Tokigori. Hongomura OQnumagori....,, Teraimura, Nomigori. Komatsucho, Nomigoi. Daish5jich5, Enumagori. Aritachv, Nishimatsuuragori. Coffee sets, &c. Earthen wares of all kinds. Porcelains of all kinds. Kutani porcelain Porcelain of all kinds. Earthenware and porcelain. Kutani porcelain and earthen wares. Kutani porcelain and earthen wares. Porcelain. -... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & IMPORTED TO. 247 CLASS 22. LEAF TOBACCO, CIGARETTE, WASTE TOBACCO, CUT TOBACCO AND OTHER KINDS OF TOBACCO, 'SAEE, BEER, WINE, SOY, TABLE SALT, VERMICELLI, AND OTHER VICTUALS AND BEVERAGES, HEMP, HEMP CLOTH, KUZU CLOTH, SILK AND COTTON MIXTURES, TABLE CLOTH, COTTON UNDERSHIRTS AND DRAWERS, SOCKS AND STOCKINGS, GLOVES, MATTRESS, CLOTHINGS WITH APPENDAGES, HATS, [BOOKS, PHOTOGRAPHS, PICTURES, CORAL, CRYSTAL, TRIMMINGS, EMERY, MINERALS, NICKEL COIN, COPPER COIN, THERMOMETER, SYRINGE, STEAMER, SAILING VESSEL, BOATS, JINRIKISHA, ANIMALS, LILY BULBS, PLANTS, FURNITURES, TOILET SOAP, WASHING SOAP, TOOTHPOWDER. Leaf Tobacco. The total value of the latest export is 88,175 yen, and chiefly exported to England. cigarettes. The total value of the latest export is 11,225 yen, and chiefly exported to China and Corea. Sake. The total value of the latest export to 45,857 yen, and chiefly exported to Corea. Beer, Wine, &c. The total value of the latest export is 11,324 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong, China and Corea. soy. The total value of the latest export is 41,029 yen, and chiefly exported to Hawai. Table Salt. The total value of the latest export is 72,477 yen, and chiefly exported to Corea. vermicelli. The total value of the latest export is 10,187 yen, and chiefly exported to China. Vit Yl& The total value of the latest export is Beverages. 101,989 yen. 248 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Hemp Cloth. The total value of the latest export is 12,802 yen, and chiefly exported to Corea. Socks & The total value of the latest export is Stockings. 16,466 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong. Cotton The total value of the latest exportis Undlershirts a Drawers. 37,320 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong and China. Clothings with The total value of the latest export Appendages. is 111,282 yen. Books. The total value of the latest export is 13,423 yen. Pictures. The total value of the latest export is 35,998 yen, and chiefly exported to Hongkong. corals. The total value of the latest export is 38,055 yen. Mlinerals. The total value of the latest export is 46,489 yen. Jinrikisha. The total value of the latest export is 81,810 yen. Lily Bulbs. The total value of the Llatest export is 26,638 yen, and chiefly exported to England. Plants. The total value of the latest export is 16,504 yen. Rags. The total value of the latest export is 130,194 yen, and chiefly exported to The United States. Furnitures. The total value of the latest export is 57,657 yen. Toilet Soap. The total value of the latest export is 11,755 yen, and chiefly exported to China. Washing Soap. The total value of the latest export is 30,027 yen, and chiefly exported to China. COMMODITiES EXPORTED FROM & IMPORTED T'O. 249 The Exporters and Manufacturers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. (Kanagawa Ken.) Nakanoya.......... Yorozuya.......... Iseya........ Ishikawaya................. Kawadaya........ (Hy~go Ken). Hayashi Sh6ten............. K6be Rag Co............... Meik,5sha.......... (COsaka Fu). Daisa,...... (Nagasaki Ken). (Tokio Fu). Echigoya.......... Kamik5................... Maruki.................... Beniya.................... Akashiya.......... Akiba Workshop............ Nisbiga Jinrikisha Workshop (Kioto Fu). Kitashimizu Sh6ten........ (Iwate Ken). Mukaiya................... (Shuga Ken). Name of Principal Person or Owner. Matsuyama Kichiemon Yazaki Tazayemon.... K~noike Yokichi....... Uji Kiichiro............ Nakatani Tametomo.... Moroboshi Sukesaburi6 Hahashi Sadao.......... Takagi Kichisabur6.... Hlarima Koshichi Imai Shimbei...... Nishikawa Sh6nosuke Imai Heibei............. Itoya Tasabur6.......... Kose Shimbei...... My6chin Hamu..... Nakamura Yakiohi.... Yamada Isaburo......... Kanda Shifiz&... Tamura Yfigor,5........ Kato T6shichi......... Nagami Seiji...... Ezaki Eiz6............. Nakamura Kinosuke.... Kobayashi Kosabur6.... Ishii.Kihei............. Yotsugi Tomigoro.. Nenmoto Fukutar6.... Akiba Daisuke......... Nishiga TUzabur6.... Shimizu Katsuz6.... Nagaoka Hambei.... Wakabayashi Kin~ii.... 250 COMMERCE AAVD INDUSTRY 1iN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Dealing Articles. AfanufaCtUring! Articles. I No. 47, 3 cli~me, Honchd, Yokahamna. No. 68, 4 cli~me, Bentenp6ri, No. 34, 3 cli~me, ilonch6, No. 78, 5 cli~me, Otacbi.6 No. 12, 1 ch6me, Sumiyoshicho,.3 ch6mne, Sumniyoshich5, Fukiaimura, K~be. Hligashikawasakicli, K6be. 1 ch6me, Kitahoriekamidori, Nishiku, Osaka. I cli~me, Minamihoreoriedori,,, I cli~me Nishinagahori Minamid~ri, Nishiku, Osaka. I ch6mne, And~jibashid~ri, Minatniku,, i ch~me, Imahashi, Higashiku, 2 cli~me, Shimmachiddri, Nishikui, 2 cli~me HoncliS, Higashiku, Osaka. 2 cli~me Karawacho, i clidme, Fushimicho,, I oli~me, Bingoclid, Daihbjimachi, Minanmiku Osaka. Dozach5, Nagasaki. Imauwomachi, *2 ch~me, OwaricliS, Kiobashiku, Tokyo. 2 clidme, Tsukiji, P Sukiyach, Nihonbashiku. Yagenbori, 3 Namikicho, Asakusaku. I ch6me, Ginza, Kiobashiku. Sugachd, Asakusaku. Tomikojidori Shijdsagaru, Kyoto. Kajich.6, Morioka. Kawasemiura, Inuganiigori. Sundry goods. Leaf Tobacco. Rags. Soap. Leaf Tobacco. Cotton undershirts & Drawers. Rags. Leaf Tobacco. Furnitures. Jinrikisha. Toys. Leaf Tobacco. Ratan wares. Tortoise-shell wares, combs, buttons, watch chains.Jinrikisha. COMMODIlTIES EXPORTED FROM & IJVPORTED TO. 251 FREIGHT AND OTHER EXPENSES ON EXPORT GOODS. The freight and other expenses vary according to the nature and quantity of goods to be transported, and any fixed standard can not be made out, so the rates here given are in general. The rates of transportation and packing from the producing districts to the port of export. RAW SILK. Producing districts. Port of Export. The rate of 9 Kwanme. Nagano prefecture. Yokohama Yen 1.400. Gumma,,.,.500. Fukushima,,. 1.300. Yamanashi,,, 1.000. Shiga,,,, 1.500. Packing, from 50 sen to yen 1.50, Insurance premium from I to 10% of the original value. SILK FABLICS. Charges weight and Producing districts. Port of Export. dimension. Fukui prefecture. Yokohama. Yen 2.10 per 10 kwamme. Gumma,,,, Yen 0.035 per 1 sai (cubic shaku ). Tochigi,, Yen 0.050 per 1 sai (cubic shaku). Kyoto Fu, Yen 0.180 per 1 sai (cubic shaku), Packing, about 15 sen per 1 sai (cubic shaku), Premium I to 1%. The rate of premium remains the same all through. 252 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. TEA. Producing districts. I Port of Export. Miye prefecture. Kobe. yen 0 33 per 1 case (containing 12 kwamnle) Shizuoka,, Yokohama. 0.18 per 1 case (containing 12 kwamme). Packing, about 30 sen each case. PORCELAIN AND EARTHENWARE. Producing districts. Port of Export. Charges in capacity. Saga prefecture Kobe. Yen 0.078 per 1 sai. Aichi,, Yokohama.,, 0.053,. Ishikawa,,,, 0.090,. Kyoto Fu. Kobe.,, 0.040,,. Packing, from 2.5 to 8.5 sen per 1 sai. LACQUERED WARE. Producing districts. Port of Export. Charges in capacity. Wakayama pref. Kobe. Yen 0.085 per 10 sai. Shizuoka,, Yokohama.,, 0.180,.. Packing, about 50 sen per 10 sai. MATS FOR FLOOR. Packing, about 3 sen. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & INPORTED TO. 263 FAN, UMBRELLAS &C. Producing districts. I Port of Export. Charges. Gifu prefecture. Kobe. Yen 0.060 per 1 sai (fan and umbrella). Yokohama. Yen 0.080 per 1 sai (lantern). Packing, 10 sen per 1 sai. RICE. Producing districts. Port of Export. Charges. Yamaguchi pref. K6be. Yen 20. per 100 koku. Miye,,,,,, 1.15 per ton. MARINE PRODUCTS, BECHE DE MER, AWABI, CUTTLE-FISH. Producing districts. Port of Export. Charges. Awomoti pref. Yokohama. Yen 0.425 per 100 catty. (Beche de mer.) Miye,, Yen 0.192 per 100 catty. (Beche de mer.) Ehime, Yen 0.175 per 100 catty. (Cuttle-fish.) Shimane,,, Yen 0.335 per 100 catty. (Cuttle-fish ) Oita,, Osaka and KEbe. Yen 0.080 per 100 catty. (Cuttle-fish and others.) Tottori,,,, Yen 0.160 per 100 catty. (Cuttle-fish.) Packing, about 10 sen per 100 catty. In the mode of packing, there are several kinds, some are done in the local fashion, some are packed with view to the facility of management, some are not strongly packed for the shortness of transit, so the fragile or costly articles are to be re-packed at the port of export. 254 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Packing and other expenses in the port of export. PACKING. Yen 1.400. To America. Raw silks.... 1 bale (100 catty). 1.00.,, Fae,, 1.800.,, France. Silk fabrics.... 1 ton (3 cases)....... 9.000. Tea.......... 1 case (5070 catty).,, 0.750. To America. Tea,, 1.000.,, France. Porcelain and Earthenware... 1 ton (2 cases).......,, 6.500. Lacquerwares. 1 ton (2 cases)......,, 6.800. Matches...... 1 ton (600 dozens)...., 1.900. ies. 1 ton.,, 5.000. To America. Sundries...... ton..............000. France.,, 6.000.,, France. BUYING COMMISSION. As it is customary for the merchants in the ports of export to treat the goods as their own and the commission can not be assertained, but in case the transactions and business of exporting were intrusted to them, they sometimes charge, it is said, 1 to 5%. CUSTOM BROKER'S COMMISSION. Custom Broker is one who acts as agent to the owner, and manages the proceedings of the Custom House. Up to Yen 100.,, 1,000.,,,,, 10,000 Upwards of,, 10,000 Commission. Yen 0.100 to 1.000,, 1.000 to 5.000,, 5.000 to 10.000 rate not over 1/10 %/0 LADING AND OTHER EXPEWSES. 100 catty..............................Yen.040 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & INPORTED TO. 255 WAGON HIEB TO THE CUSTOM HOUSE FROM SHOP3 1 ton.................... Yen 0.200-0.300 REGISTRATION FEE OF INVOICE IN THE U. S. CONSULATE. It is only for the goods bound for the U. S. of $2.500 PREMIUM OF MARINE INSURANCE. Mail for America at Yen 100................ Steamer for America (via Suez) at Yen 100... Sailing Vessel,...... Mail for Europe.. Steamer for,....,.,, China (Shanghai),., Hongkong....,, Java...,,,, Singapore,..,,,, Manilla. I direct, H aii Sanfranscisco via Hawaii (Sydney............... Australia Melbourne........ Adelaide........ Queensland............,,,, Vladivostock................. 0.750 1.000-1.256 2.500-93000.875 1.000.330.500 1.000.600.800.800.750 1.000.700 256 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAAX Freight from Yokohama to Foreign Ports. Raw Silk ITea. (Mail) I (Mail) (Steamer) l cwt I iton i ton ___ ___ __ ___ __ __ ___ __ ___ __ (40 Cubic feet) (40 Cubic feet) New York...... $0.08 $0.01 t 0358s. 1 lb. (gross) I lb. (gross) (Via Suez) San Francisco.. $8.00 $8.00 Vancouver...1 Victoria..... Tacoma.... Seattle.. Portland. London.... $5.60 Marseilles...$6.00 Lyon...$6.75 Havre........ Hanburg.. Melborne..... Sydney....... Now Zealand.... Shanghai.. Hongkong...... COMMODITIES EXPORTED PROM & IMPORTED TO. 257 I ilk fharic I... I.i- - —. handkerchief &c. Camphor Copper Rice (Saiing Vessel) l) (Mai (Mail) (i)) (Steamer) 1 ton 1 ton 1 ton 1 ton 1 ton (40 Cubic feet) (40 Cubic feet) (40 Cubic feet) 100 catty (2210 lb.) r 20-22 s. (Via Cape of Good Hope.) Yen 5.00,, it,,,, 25.00 s. ' ruf of Original Value. $12.50 ~v of Original Value.,,,,,,,, - of Original Value.,,,, ro6 of Original Value.,, I 40 s. (Via Suez) 35 s. 40 s. 35 s. (Via Suez) $8.00 t,,,,,, 30 s. 35 s. Yen 0.50 Yen 0.15 - 258 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Sea-weed Sundries. (Steame) (Mail) (Setamer) (SailingVessel) teamter) 1 ton 1 1 ton I ton _________ (40 Cubic feet) (40 Cubic feet) (40 Cubic feet) $35 20-22 s. New York.... $16.00 (Via Suez) (Via Cape of Good Hoap) San Franscisco. $10.00 $8.00 Yen 5.00 Vancouver..., Victoria...... $ 8.00 Tacoma. Seattle..... Portland...... London....... Yen 13.00 30-32 s. Marseilles...,, 16.00 Havre....... 30 s. Hunburg.... 40 s. 35 s. Melborne. 35. Sydney....... New Zealand.... (Leaf) Yen 0.20 Yen 2.50 Shanghai....... (cut) o.is Yen 3.00,, 3.00 (Leaf),, 0.20,, 2.50 Hongkong.... (Cut),, 0.18,, 3.00 'COMMODITIES EXPPORTED FROM & IMPORTED TO. 259 2. PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES IMPORTED TO. The development of commerce and industry acicompanying with country's progress inevitably increases the importation of the necessary articles for the demand of every day life and of the raw materials for the manufacturing purposes. At present, four hundred seventy or more varieties are imported to this country, which are divided into twelve clases; and the quantity and amount of principal imports for the last five years, with the names of the importing countries, are shown in the following tables. CLASS 1. RICE, PEAS, BEAN, PULSE, WHEAT BARLEY,'OATS, FLOURS, INDIAN CORN, GOMA SEEDS. (Rice.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British picul 3 2 2,114 1,218,441 68,857 India yen 12 10 6,055 3,421,865 181,176 China picul 221 79 9,650 115,247 38,04 yen 351 146 23,334 320,022 85,657 orea icul 69,990 12,096 20,251 882,493 925,44 yen 128,948 21,473 54,304 2,540,652 2,225,04 Siam. cul - - - 90,092 - yen - - - 186,774 - Other picul 4 19,722 2,290,321 645,665 Cts. yen 4 - 54,062 5,833,572 1,416,115 Total J PiCul 70,218 12,177 51,737 4,596,594 1,678,007 yen 129.315 21,629 136,75512,302,885 3,907,991 260 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. (Bean, Peas and Pulse.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China catty 1,229,584 106,370 5,032,01524,455,289 44,964,247 yen 21,586 1,522 106,133 512,997 811,492 Croe catty 27,379,581 43,320,947 37,919,61265,480,267 61,950,498 roea yen 402,924 605,358 710,809 1,340,773 1,198,962 United catty 13,635 31,866 - - - States yen 376 1,759 - - Other catty 8,524 611 20,301 81,251 8,177 Cts. yen 319 28 565 2,509 424 Total catty 28,631,32443,459,79442,971,92890,016,807 106,922,922 y. yen 425,205 608,667 817,507| 1,856,279 2,010,878 (Wheat Flour, and Other Corn Flours.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British catty 10,025 77,250 177,217 150 27,633 America yen 319 2,030 8,740 10 1,086 erany catty 1,221 50,410 - - ermany yen 56 2,140 - - Great catty 14,757 46,402 33,347 19,159 32,184 Britain '- yen 972 2,079 1,708 1,878 2,059 United catty 3,000,176 3,508,295 4,333,009 6,666,024 8,964,203 States "yen 94,760 129,501 182,137 226,770 338,319 Other catty 2,938 3,080 8,969 23,396 25,384 Countries yen 86 80 443 929 1,039 Tol catty 3,029,117 3,685,437 4,552,542 68,08,7299,049,404 Total.. yen 96,193 135,830 193,028 229,587 342,503 (Barley.) Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Great catty 372 545 432 1,212 34 Britain"' yen 21 43 36 96 30 United catty 2,813 1,462 3,794 309,441 2,894 States.' yen 135 90 162 6,707 109 Germany... catty 12,185 - yen - 252 Core catty 2,315 - 106,1473,691,83818,332,779 ea.... yen 31 1,339 49,720 113,419 Hawaii catty. 43 - - yen 1 - China catty 442 49 - yen 7 1 Total catty 5,942 2,056 122,6014,002,491 8,336,021 otal I yen 194 134 1,790 56,523 113,558 0COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & IMPORTED TO. 261 Importers of the above Mentioned Articles.: 1,Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Hy6go Ken) Tawaraya.............. Kiya................ Konaya............... (Osaka Pu) Kiya................... Nunoya........... Awajiya......... Kyoritsn Kwaisha Yoshidaya........ (Nagasaki Ken), Matsnoya................ (Tokio Fu) Kagaya................. Hirano Seiz5..... Hata Ginibei. Hashimoto Matajir6.. Hashimoto Sbshir6 Tanikawa Ch6hachi.. Fujimoto Zeuasuke.. Kitani Isuke.... Ioi Seiemon....... Onishi Yoshiz5i Kokura K&...........Kat6 Tanesaburo.. Yoshikawa Bunshichi Ioi Oh6hei.......... Matsuo Miyoji.......IFujita Kanz6 I 262 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Bussiness Place. Articles of Import. 1 ch6me, Motoch6i, K~be. 3 ch6nme, Sakaich6, 4 clidme, Kaigan, t 5 ch~me, I) 9 Shimnakamichb, Ry~go. 2 ch,5me, Tosabori, Nishiku, Osaka. 5 ch~nme, Minami Horiedbri,Nishiku, Osaka. 4 ch6me, Nisbid6tomboridlfri, Nishiku, Osaka. 6 ch~me, Minamihoriekamid~ri, Nishiku, Osaka Higashinoch6, 1,atsumabori _ Nishiku, Osaka. 3 chome, Edoborikitado-ri, Nishikn, Osa'ka. Shimof ukushimnamura, Nishinarigori, Settsu Province. 4: ch~me, Nakanoshima, Kitaku, Osaka. 5 chbme, Minamihorie-kamid6ri, Nishikn, Osaka. Eibisuch65, Nagasaki City. Corn flour. Rice and peas. Peas. Corn flour. China rice and China beans of all kinds. Corea rice and Corea beans of all kinds. Fusan rice and other corns. Corea, rice and bethns of all kinds. Corn. flour and rice. No. 17, 2 ch,5me, Horidonmech6, Rice, beans and smnll Nihombashiku, T~ky6. red beans. t COMMODITIES EXP1TED FROM & 1MPORTED TO. 203 CLASs 2. BROWN SUGAR, WHITE SUGAR, ROCK CANDY SUGAR, LOAF SUGAR, LUMP SUGAR, MOLASSES AND SYRUP. Brown Sugar. Countries. British catty India yen China J catty lChina...|^ I yen EHong- catty kong yen Philip. catty Group yen Siam catty United catty States j yen Other j catty Cts. y yen Total catty yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 203,122 102,750 6,687 502,800 149,331 5,348 3,253 290 15,362 5,068 57,324,54775,065,239 68,306 74,203,030 72,464,779 1,875,649 2,597,546 2,279,162 2,382,4941 2,406,510 3,477,777 5,193,336 2,631,090 173,779 260,872 115,693 953,796 454,676 848,938 2,411,029 1,657,514 31,056 14,649 28,416 88,434 58,025 - 135,164 - 49,800 61,300 - 4,197 -- 996 2,556 - - - 292,500 - - - - 10,238 -- - - 90 13,078 37,361 - - 5 628 1,121 I~ I ~ ---- ---1 75,359,948 73,157,369 61,658,039 83,527,782 72,180,259.2,418,898 2,428,609 2,078,1391 2,974,076 2,461,625 - White Sugar... CountriE I Belgium; East India ' China... l Efongkong { Germany { Great Britain t Hawaii i Philip. ) Group l Siam... { United States, Other Cts. } Total ' as. 1887 1888 188 1 81890 1891 catty - - - - 126,000 yen - - - 8,159 catty 43,683 - 69,549 454,801 990,996 yen 2,344 - 4,689 31,436 54,736 catty 5,714,672 4,147,699 4,127,203 yen 56,441,777172,132,974 355,094 240,308 227,933 cattyf 3,287,8081 4,416,400 53,251,40277,181,98082,052,806 yen j 3,765,039 5,100,440 4,860,938 catty - - 333 1,638 577,124 yen - - 28 94 36,407 catty -- - 84 - 134,64 yen - -- 9 - 8,576 catty - 52 - 476,30C yen - 44 - 26,046 catty -- 110 21,500 356,061 yen - 8 1,453 19,726 catty - - - 593,665 145,650 yen - - - 34,657 8,483 catty 117,578 135,018 27,454 21,467 360,301 yen 5,937 8,364 2,168 2,014 18,534 catty 5,054 234 - 5,082. 76,24 yen 327 12 - 381 4,581 -- x F&-R. ff 0 11f%0 AC10 ffO "140I" r- A I Q 0 A OFT U0c 4 A 21 A 410 '29.r \e"tY 3,.j O,V9oui a,I2UO4s,,1t7,0',19,o10,783I 5, 7 0 4, 1 yen 3,296,4161 4,424,7761 4,127,079 5,410,7831 5,274,118. Molaes pand Total value of the latest import is 59,410 yenand imported chiefup.y from Hongko 59,410 yen, and imported chiefly from Hongkong. 204 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Importers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commecial ame.Name of Principal Person *1 or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) Masudaya.......... Yorozuya.......... TInikawaya........ Kagiya.......... Hirashimaya........ Otoya.......... (Osaka Fu) Sakaiya,..... Matsukichi........ Y~to Kwaisha........ Kagiyoshi.......... T~igy6i Kwaisha,.. (Nagasaki Kein) Irikiya Sh6ten........ (T6ki,6 Fu)' Mukadeya,........ Iseya............ Abe K~bei. Masuda Masuz,5..... Kuwabara Fukujir6.... Yamada Kanshichi.... Kaburagi Matsunosuke Mano Kihei........ Yoshida Naotarb...... Ota Sh~hichi Matsubara Kichijiro.... Ishida ShUbe (Deputy) Kagimoto Yoshibei.... Iwazaki Rihei (Head).... Wakiyama Keijir6 Kobayashi Yahei...... Kitamura Kahei.... GWtMM Cbi........ Kuribayashi K~suke.... Nakanmura Zenemon.... Izunaiya.... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & IMPORTED TO. 265 Continued - Business Place. Articles of Import. I No. 50, 3 ch6me, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 68, 4 ch6me, HonchS,, No. 4,1 chome, Sakaich,, No. 5,1 chdme, Bentendori, No. 68, 5 ch6me, Sumiyoshich6, No. 72, 4 chme, Otamachi, No. 41, 3 chome Honda Nibancho, Nishiku, Osaka. Honda Ichibancho,... 2 chome, Kitakiutarocho, Higashiku, Osaka. 2 chome, Thbutsucho,.. 2 ch6me, Shiocho, Minamiku, Uragotomrachi, Nagasaki City. No. 3, 3 chome, Kobunachd, Nihonbashiku. No. 2, 3 ch5me, Eoamicho,, No. 22, Isech,,, No. 5,1 ch5me, Matsuichb, HonjOku. No. 1, 3 chome, HoriechO, Nihonbashiku. Sugar. White and Brown Sugar. Brown Sugar. White and Brown Sugar. White Sugar. Brown and White Sugar. White add Brown Sugar, and Molasses..,,, 266 COJIMEIWE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Conmmercial Name. Name of Principal Personor O wner. AriakeyaI.......... Osakaya........ Iseya........... Yokota........ Iseya........ Suziiya.......... Yorozuya........ Takashimaya........ Surugaya....... Yokota.......... Mikawaya........ Daimonjiya,.... Enshiuya.......... Yorozuya,.... Iseya............ Yokota........ (Yamaguchi Ken) Someya, Shkwai...... Uchida Tokunosuke Matsumoto Kisabur6... Kawakita, Hachiemon... Yamamura Yae.... Kawana Tbbei.... Tonogi Ichitar&.... Hoshino Shinnosuke.. Takeo S6suke.... Katabamni Heibei.... Oshimna Moshichi.. Takashim-a Kwanroku Nakagawa Tainishichi Tonogi Zenbei. Tanauki K6bei.... Nishikikawa S6roku... Harada Tamasabur6.. Kaneko Hidejir6.... Sekine Manjir&.... Kawamura Tahei.... Toriumi Seizaemon.Someya Seijira.... Uriu Uri......I Uri, -Tora......... -COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & IMIPOR TED TO. 267 Continued: Business Place. Articles of Imports. No. 1, 1 cbhdme, Honhatch~bori, Kiobashiktt. No. 2. 1 chdine, Horidomeclid, is No. 15, 3 clidme, Koamnieh6, Nihonbashiku. No. 10, Motodsakaclid, No. 1, 1 ch6me, Kobiinach6, [to. 12, 4 ch~me, Honclid, no. 8, 2 chdme, Horiechb, NTo. 2, Suehirogashi, 1 chidme, Koamichid, Nihonbashiku. No. 11, 3 clidme, Koamicli, No. 11, 2 chidme, Odenmachd, No. 12, 2 chdme, Koamicli, No. 3, Isechd, No. 3, 4 chdme, Horieclid, No. 9, 4 ch~nme, Tdri, No. 16, 3 clidme, Koamniclid, N.5, 1 chidme, Kobunachid, No. 2, Isechb, No. 8, 1 clidne, Honzaimiokuclid, No. 8, Hatchbbori Nakaehb, Ki~bashiku. I White, Brown Sugar and Molasses. $9 PI 11.. ji PI VP $1 11 It 11 If PI, 1) I Misakinoch8, Akamnagaseki. Higashi Nanbuchd,_ White Sugar. Brown and White Suger. 268 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAn. CLASS 3. BEER, BRANDY, CHAiIPAIGNE, CHINESE LIQUOR, GIN, OLD-TOM GIN, LIQUEUR, RUM, COREAN LIQUOR, SHERRY, VERMOUTH, WHISKY, WINE, BISCUITS, BUTTER, CHEESE, COFFEE, CONFECTIONARIES AND PRESERVES, FRESH FRUITS, FRESH EGGS, HAM, BACON, KANTENGUSA, CONDENSED MILK, DESICATED MILK, MINERAL WATERS, PEPPER, SALT, SALTED FISHES, SALTED MEAT, TEA, GREEN VEGETABLES, AND DRIED VEGETATLES.Beer. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 doz. 811 1,082 - - - Austria...... yen 1,270 1,811 - - enark.doz. 40,998 44,998 61,160 48,646 26,402 enar...... yen 57,879 78,123 103,354 73,199 38,979. do. - - 558 1,606 875 Belgim...... en - 817 1,9{6 916 France.doz. 4,319 4,721 505 952 236 yen 5,877 8,856 753 1,141 355. Germandoz. 184,233 171,768 47,855 37,236 33,093 yen 248,176 297,203 69,042 53,813 50,540 reat Britin......doz. 36,873 25,566 14,929 10,844 8,844 rea ran... yen 47,543 42,755 24,988 15,836 12,606 Hoanddoz. 170 1,104 - - - and.........yen 187 1,905 - - doz. 1,800 2,960 7,460 616 - Sweden and Norway y,3877 Yen 2,387 5,304 12,381 827 United States.....do. e 3,3029 97, - - yen 4,119 9,774 - - Other C tries do. 671 1,025 309 27 235 Other Countries... yen yen 762 ],904 475 48 318.. doz. 273,177 260,462 132,776 99,927 69,685 Total...... ' yen 368,200 447,6344211,810 146,810103,714 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM & IMPORTED TO. 269 W.ine.,I Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia......yen - -333 196 425 Austria... 122 797 987 487 47 Belgium.... 1,154 247 415 478 25 China...... 233 -- _ - Denmark.....150 - - - France......,, 152,671 110,676 71,979 96,140 93,397 Germany...,, 14,874 8,973 8,136 10,879 6,444 Great Britain..., 7,077 11,354 6,767 8,727 6,075 ~Holland...... 591 5 328 280 - Italy.....,, 3,394 1,235 1,497 2,07 1,364 Portugal.... 1,830,758 4,639 5,702 6,038 Russia......57 15 117 - 'Spain...... 1,292 2,760 2,462 3,953 3,183 Sweden.....223 57 107 54 48 United States..,, 14,877 13,964 9,766 12,408 22,949 Other countries,, 40 58 63 30 Total. 198,435 154,034 107,494 141,491140,258 Milk, Condensed and Desicated. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Germany.... yen 1,260 58 -Great Britain.... 13,774 21,853 31,563 43,213 16,166 Switzerland...,, 2,729 11,277 12,541 24,379 18,461 United States... 55,732 91,691 91,562 108,688 71,694 Other Countries,, 285 821 446 1,375 639 Total. 73,780 125,700 136,112 177,655 106,960 Butter. Total value of the latest Import is 53,109 yen, and chiefly imported from United States and France. Importers of the Abov Articles" to 0 Commercial Name. Name of Principal Business Place. Articlpsort Person or Owner.Imot (Kanagawa Ken) Owariya..... Nishijimaya.... (Hy~go Ken) T~da Sh~ten.... Nagaigumi..... (Osaka Pu) (T6ki6 Pu) I Daikokuya.... Kameya..... Seiy6ken.... I -- - - Yoshida Toyokichi. Imai S6zabur6. T~da Seki...... Nagai Eitar65.... Kumehara, Itar6. Kanzaki Saburohei... Kond6 Rihei.... Kokubu Krinbei.. Sugimoto Tsurugoro. But6 Gosabur6.... Hagiwara, EizaburO5. Kitamura Ch~rei.. No. 6, 1 cli~me. Sakaich6, Yokohama. No. 10, 1 clime, #1 HamaujinochU, Kdbe City. Sannomlyachd, 1 4 chdme, Higashiku Honch3. Osaka. 4 ch6me, Azuchich6 Higashiku, Osaka. No. 2, 1 chi~me, Yonezawachb, Nihonbashiku, Tdkyo. No. 9, 2 chome, Honcho, I No. 19, 1 chome, Tori, 1 No. 1, Takekawacho, IXyonmshiku. No. 3, 2 chome, Awazicho, an da, No. 5, Irifunecho, TsukiJI, yobashiku, No. 33, Unemecho, t Foreign liquiors. Condensed Milk. Foreign liquiors. All provisions. C, 4z) 4 L"i 2:L. i t: C41:1 1.11, -q 1;2i I'd 4. CGAB AND UGGARIETTES. Cigarettes. Name of Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia............ yen -41 — Belgium............. 41 41 148 British America......... - — 302 753 3,423 China........... 490 9 --- 6 France........... 316 728 509 125 298 Germany..........., 2,127 1,857 488 292 963 Great Britain..........,, 866 945 1,096 14,242 21,932 Holland................., 10 - 7 India.................., 25 -Italy...............,, 232- 875 398 98 661 Philippine Group....... 162 72 469 608 346 Russia.............. 267 311 543 ' 543 88 Sweden............... - 116 --- Turkey............. -11 33 United States......... 18,109 28,886 64,510 73,176 101,035 Other Countries....... 100 235 666 2,135795 Total.,, 22,669 34,151 69,022 92,131 129,587 tgar Ae tota e or 1e saest import is 1AJ yen, ane s impore_ ciely tro t-_:e2,1 1 k12pi Itrop7. tI O Co ~za - ~ igar. Tne total value or te latest import is ba,o49 yen, and is imported cnienly from the Philippine Uroups. iW otherpreparedTobacco. The total value of the latest import is 84,015 yen and is imported chiefly from the United State of N.A. Imnrorters of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. e of Pricipl Business Place. Articles of Import. Person or Owner. (Tokio Fu) Kikuya......... ura Shiusuke...... No. 14, Shinsaemoncho, Nihonbashiku. Tobacco Hizenya...... Ezoe Kanezo..... No. 13, Takekawacho, KiCbashiku. Satsumaya...... Iwaya Matsuhei. No. 10, 3 chome, Ginza,,, Matsubaya.........Chiba Matsubei... No. 4, 1 chme,..,,I Umaya...... Imaizumi Katsuhei... No. 1, 13chme, K6jimachi, Yoteuyaku. Hasegawa Shoten...Hasegawa Bujiro...No. 10, Hiyoshichd, Ki6bashiku. Kikusui,,...Nishimura Benkichi.. No. 17, 2 chfme, Owaricho, Kiobashiku.,, Na 272 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 5. CARBORIC ACID, SALICmIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID, ALUM, BETEL-NUTS, BLEACHING POWDER, CANPHOR, CINNAMON BARK, CINNAMON OIL, LEAVES OF CATARIA, CINCHONA BAEK, CINCHONINE, CINNABAR, CLOVES, COD-LIVER, OIL, CUTCH, GAMBIER, GINGSENG, GLUE, GLYCERINE, ARABIC GUM, BENZOIN GUM, DRAGON'S BLOOD GUM, MYRRH GUM, OLIBANUM GUM, GYPSUM, HOP, LIQUORISE, MAWONG, MorPHINE, MUSK, NARD, PHOSPHOROUS AMORPHOUS, BROMIDE OF POTASH, IODIDE OF POTASH, PUTCHUCK, QUININE, RHUBARB ROOT, SAFFRON, SANTONIN, SARSAPARILLA ROOT, SOAPSTONE, BICARBONATE OF SODA, CAUSTIC SODA, CRYSTAL SODA, SOJUTSU, STICKLAC, WAULING, ALO ESWOOD, SANDAL WOOD, SEMEN CYNAE, ANILINE DYES, BLUE (CHINESE, PRUSSIAN, ETC.), GARMINE, EMERALD-GREEN, GALL-NUTS, GAMBOGE, DRY INDIGO, LIQUID INDIGO, WHITE LEAD, RED LEAD, EXTRACT OF LOGWOOD, MANGROVE BARK, PAINT IN OIL, SAFFLOWER, SAPAN-WOOD, SMALT, COBALT, TURMELIC, ULTRAMARINE, VARNISH, VERDIGRIS, VERMILION, TAR, PITCH, PUTTY, BLACK LEAD, YELLOW LEAD, COCHINEAL, WANSHO OR GOSU. Aniline Dyes. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belium catty 3,673 3,610 4,204 8,653 9,653 g yen 2,989 2,503 4,932 8,600 7,71 France catty 7,821 7,325 7,587 13,591 24,057 yen 6,435 8,007 6,976 14,416 16,868 Geny r catty 208,233 249,443 210,774 258,282 350,737 yen 188,665 269,894 227,450 252,653 300,657 GreatBritain catty 52,717 58,653 21,016 42,550 18,969 yen 42,303 54,900 16,463 33,036 13,705 Switzerland catty 34,440 33,861 46,926 49,395 59,104 yen a 26,243 31,404 37,401 40,874 47,645 Other Coun- catty 459 8 12 tries yen 334 12 14 Total catty 306,884 353,351 290,515 372,471 462,532 yen 266,635 367,042 293,234 349,579 386,604 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FRO3 1, IMPORTED TO. 273 Paint in Oil. C. 'ountries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium catty 5250 35C 33,642 Belgnu... ^259 44 2,054 catty 8,270 8,270 30,943 1,323 Frnce ' yen 450 574 2,154 206 ermany catty 3,679 10,170 4,721 12,475 27,879 Germany... yg4,096 yen 293 899 1.389 1,6-1 4,096 Great catty 1,073,251 1,179,548 1,216,156 1,169,661 1,235,731 Britain.. yen 69,605 107,452 107,677 106,204 113,535 Other catty. 5,532 7,325 1,335 2,888 16,789 ~Countries: yen 339 717 230 443 1,263 Total. catty 1,090,732 1,205,313 1,258,405 1,186,697 1,314,041 ' yen 70,687 109,642 111,709 108,548 120,948 Dry Indigo. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British (catty 5,161 27,104 208,707 195,100 156,436 India...... yen 7,116 18,878 129,592 155,165 123,269 China.,. catty 612 500 "yen 184 275 - - - *Pace catty 2,893 - 3,756 Germany...catty - 43 - - yen - 114 - - -- Great catty 20,373 24,513 42,768 - 13,922 Britain... yen 28,568 44,940 42,965 - 14,114 Philippine (catty 57,292 232,590 136,544 70,260 56,062 Group... (yen 20,786 91,515 75,498 45,906 30,645 Other catty - - 6,247 - 9,426 Countries yen - -- 1,008 - 16,607 Tom tal.. (catty 83,438 284,750 37,159 265,3601 2z3,6O0 o......yen 56,654 155,722 250,470 201,071 186.857 274 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Caustic Soda. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France. catty - 198,663.- - - -yen - 5,055 - Gerany... tt - - - 300,280 242,378 yen - - 8,984 8,099 Great catty 8,945,638 7,985,109 6,697,846 5,399,551 7,158,613 Britain... yen 79,125 184,029 149,949 186;838 247,006 Other catty 23,860 - - 18 3,588 Countries yen 547 - - 1 142.'.. i <catty 3,969, 183,772 6,697,t.5t,49,7,, 579... yen 79,67... 189,084 149,949 145,82a 255,307 Salicylic The total value of the latest import amounts Acid. to 93,956 yen, and is imported chiefly from Germany. hrnophorous The total value of the latest import Amorphous. amounts to 80,873 yen, and is imported chiefly from Great Britain and Germany. Iodide of The total value of the latest import amounts Patash. to 92.367 yen, and is imported chiefly from Germany. Saltpetre. The total value of the latest import amounts to 68,397 yen, and is imported chiefly from British India. Vermilion. The total value of the latest import amounts to 77,961 yen, and is imported chiefly from China. Extract o The total value of the latest import Logwood. amounts to 98,736 yen, and is imported chiefly from F'rance. COMIHODIiTIES EXPORTED FROM 4; IMPORTED TO. ~7 Importers of-.the Above Mentioiied, Ihxt" s Commecial ame.Name of Principal I1 Person or-Owner. (KnIwaKn I I -, Omiya..*.O.0., Suwaraya. Uyenoya. Kobayashi Sh6teu Kat-suraya. so Yasunagaya Shimura Sh6ten........ Hiroya,............ N~agaoka Sh6ten........ (Hy6go Ken) -Nagaigumi........... (Osaka Fu) Omiya........... Iwaiya,......... Bizenya, TomodaKaboe 'o. Okawa $&aI*i... Fujino Zenisuke. "Tbri Tokubei.s*s KeWati'kee...i....h.. Mateumura, Sqikichi.. Shimura Takeniatsu Takagi Fusajiiir.. o Nagaoka Sasuke Kitakase Shichibei. Hirano Seiz6.... Nagai Eitar6.O~ Fukuda Seiemon.... 1konishi Wasabur&.* Xwai Matsunosuke.... Sakai Yasubei...s Harunmoto Jiusuke.. Yamnada Icbirobei. 216 26 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. No.% 2, - ch~me, Sakaich6 Yokohama. No76 28, 2 clr6ine, Otamachi, -yokoham'a. No.25, i2 ch6me, Otarnach~i, d.o 21,'2 ch~me, Sakaieh8,; Nor' 20, 1: ch6me,, No.' 4, 1 - h6me, Sumiy'oshich6~ Yokohltma. -No: 6, 1 ch~me, Otamiachi, NLo. 96, 6 ch~me, Aioicbh5, 'No. 39,'3 ch6me, Minam~inakad6ri, Yokohama. No., 9, 1 ch6me, Minamninakad~ri, Yokohama. '7 dh6mL,"Kitanagasado-ri, K~be. 1 ch6m'e; Mutocho-,,Saiinoubiyach6i, K6be. 2 dh~ite; D6shinch6, Higashiku, Osaka. -2 ebhtme, Kitakiuh6jich6, Higashiku, Osaka. 3 lch6ite, Do-shiuch6, Higashiku, Osaka. 2 ch~me., And6jich6, Minamiku, Osaka. 3 ch6nie, I)6sbiuch5, fligasbiku.,. Osaka. 2 ch~nwe, Minami Kiutar',ch6, Iligashiku, Osaka., All kinds of drugs. Caustic Soda. Caustic Soda and drugs. Dyes. Caustic Soda and other drugs.! Dyes. Caustic. Soda aind other drugs. Dyes. COMMTODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4* IMPORTED TO. 277. Continued: Commecial ame.Name of Principal Person or Owner. Yamatoya,............... Shionoya....I.............. Tanabeya............ omiya............ (N-\agasaki Ken) KoiWaiya........ (T6ky6 Eu).... Iseya............... Iwashiya'... Kanaya Sh~ten.-~.. Hayashi Sh~ten......... Takeya,........ Katsuraya............... Osakaya........ Fujitaya........ Konishiya............ Handaya............ Muneta Tomojiro...... Shiono Gisabur6.. Tanabe Gohei..... Takeda'Ch6bei........... Xishiwaki Kinsabur6.. Minamikawa Fukuz65... Shinada Kiubei Suzuki Ch~bei.......... Asanuma T6kichi. Kanaya Kihei............. Hayashi Takesabur6.... Takenouchi Yukichi... Shibata T~bei............. Matsumura Fukumatsu.. Morita Sadashichi..... Arai Riosuke.............. Takahashi Kumajir6.. Konishi Yasubei..... Asai Tovosabur6. 27t COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business, Place. Articles% of Import. ~2 6h6nie, D~shiuch6, Higashiku, Osaka. 3 oh6me, Do'shiush6, Hfigashiku;~ Osaka. 3 6h6me, Do-hiuch6, Higashiku, Osaka. 2 6h~rme, D6shiuch6, Higashiku, Osaka. Edoch6 Nagasaki. No.15, 4 ch~me, Bakuroch6, 'Nihoubashiku. No. 144 ch~me, Honch6,, No. 4, I*atsukich5, Kandaku. N6. 16,-2 chume, Honch6, N-ihonbashiku. No. 10, 1 ch6me, Sagach6 Fukag-awaku. No. 37, Isezakich5 Fukagawaku. No. 1, 2 ch~me, Tachibanach6, Nihonbashiku. No. 8, Sbtonio-noch5, No0.4, No. 10,' lsech. oi No. 1, 1" chiiie, Horidomech6, NKihonbashiku. No., 7, 3 chbme, HonkokuchK Nihonbashiku. No. 16, Isechb, 1 No. 12, Setomonbobhi. Drugs, and Medicines. Caustic Soda and d-rugs. 'SaltpetreIDrugs and Mediicines. Indigo. Indigo and dyeing Materials..Dyeing Materials. Dyeing plants, grasses, -etc. I COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4' IMPORTED TO. 279 CLASS. 6. KzEOSZNE OIL, NAPTHA, SPIRIT OF TURPENTINE, PARAPHINE OIL AND WAX, BEAN OIL, CASTOR OIL, COCOA-NUT OIL, GROUND-NUT OIL, OLIVE OIL, PALM OIL, VEGETABLE WAX, CANDLES, AND LARD AND TARROW. Kerosene Oil. Countries 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Russia gal. - 1,613,840 6,767,135 6,532,330 7,978,180 yen - 213,854 803,941 735,828 853,386 Turkey gal. - 766,860 - - - yren - 96,923 - - S. A. gal 21,058,640 26,124,850 30,231,708 36,131,150 32,503,950 yen 1,871,408 3,207,694 3,783,194 4,214,410 3,682,328 Other gal. 225 2,217 - 100 30 Cts....yen 20 785 - 19 7 Tota..gl l 21,058,865 28,507,767 36,998,843 42,663,580 4u,4S2, ou *yen 1,871,428 3,519,256 4,587,135 4,950,257 4,535,721 Paraphine Oil and Wax. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Germany... ycatty - - 832 95,149 166,952 yen - 72 8,824 18,243 Great BritainS catty - 848,648 l,005,820 1,079,345 yen - - 69,823 98,277 124,414 United States catty - - 5,588 1,872 6,62 (yen - - 922 187 1,156 Other catty - - 4 Countries " yen - - - 2 Tota catty - - 855,06 I,102,841 1,252,926 *... yen - - 70,817 107,288 143,815,ard. The total value of the latest import amounts to 60,327 yen and is chiefly imported from Australia. cacoanut oil. The total volue of the latest import. amounts to 68,320 yen & is chiefly imported from India. 280 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Importers of the Above Mentioned Artiles. Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. (Kanagawa Ken) Masudaya......... Yorozuya............... Tanikawaya............ Kagiya.............. Hirashimaya............ Otoya............. (Hyogo Ken) Inoue Gumi........ Branch shop of Inouye Gumi... Osaka Hirano's Branch Shop... Osaka Iwai's Branch Shop Yoshida ShSten... Hy6go Branch Office of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha...... Inouye Gumi............ Kobe Branch Office of Osaka Kerosene Oil Co...... Hy6go Branch Office of Osaka Kerosene Oil Co......... (Osaka Fu) Kerosene Oil Co...... (Nagasaki Ken) Matsumotoya............ (Tokyo Fu) (Kyoto Fu.) Igaya............... Abe Kobei.............. Masuda Masuz....... Kuwabara Fukujir6...... Yamada Kanshichi...... Kaburagi Matsunosuke...... Mano Kihei............ Yoshida Naotar6......... Inouye Torajir5 (Head) Murakami Tei (Manager). Masuda Yoneshichi (,, ) Goto Tsunejiro (, ) Tsukuda Nihei......... Kakizaki Tsuneshichi..... Yoshida Ario..... Tanaka K6suke (Manager).. Inouye Yasuzo............ Matsumura Anki (Manager)... Ikoma Sadajir (,, )...... Tamate Hiromichi (Head)... Hirano Heibei......... Iwai Bunsuke............ Matsumoto Moritar6...... Iwade Sobei............ Shibahara Chozaburo.... (Yamaguchi Ken) Someya Shoten........ Semoya Seijir6........... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4, IMPORTED TO. 281 Continued: Business Place. Axrticles of Import. -No.50U, 3 crhome, Minaminairador1, No. 68, 4 ch~me, Honch6, No. 4, 1 ch~me, Sakaieb6, Nc. 5, 1 ch~me, Benteud6ri, No'. 58, 5 ch~me, Sumiyoshich6, No. 72, 4 ch6me, Otamachi, No. 41, 3 cli~me, ERamaujinoch6, K~be. Hfy~go Kajiyach6, P 3 ch6me, Sakaich6, Rly~go Uodanach6, P 2, ch6me, &Sakaich6, P Rly~go Uodanach6, K~itanakachK I ch6me, SakaicliS, ffy~go Matsuyach6,,, [lama-ujinoch6, 3 cli~me, Sakaich6, Miyamaech5, Yokohama. 19, pp it..P P Y9 it Kerosene Oil. P) Pt P 9 I I to Pt 91 P I.1 P PP Pt it Pt 9$ I I 21, P 9 P 1) P) P 0 I I 2, ch~me, Nakanoshima, Kit-aku, L.ch6me, Edoborikamid~ri, Nishiku, L ch6me, Tosaborid6ri, ) Uraggot~ch6, Nagasaki City. Osaka. No. 6, HigashidaikucliS Fukagawaku. Matsubara-agaru Takatsuji Omiyach6, Omiyad~ri, Shimoky6ku, Ky~to. Nlisakinoch6, Akamaggaseki City. 282 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 7 PRINTENG PAPER, CHINESE PAPER, AND STRAW BOARD. Printing Paper. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Austria.....e..... Austria. catt 27,196 112,646 9,517 78,429 44,67 yen 1,576 7,164 605 3,28 1,998 B n iu Scatt 129,5551,124,701 26216 1,5-19 15,660 oelgium... yen '3 yen 5,595 68,952 16,028 8,413 787 France catt 18,168 63,076 - - - yen 1,238 3,364 - - Germany catt 850,091 2,517,646 434,472 3,3,840 527,076 'eryen 45,593 158,636 26,346 201,877 28,574 Great catty 855,417 1,777,599 1,611,550 2,451,778 1,621,695 Britain... (yen 58,641 148,480 135,356 197,799 126,891 Switzerland catty 42,14 1,136 - - - yen 2,529 97 - -- - United catty - - - 2948 18,053 States... (yen - - 1,769 1,372 Total. atty 1,922,570 5,596,804 2,318,055 6,z9,120 2,227,111 yen, 115,172 386,683 178,334 413,486 159,622 Straw The total value of the latest import amounts Board. to 50,310 yen tnd is chiefly imported from Ger — many and Great Britain. Importers of the A-bove Mentwioued Articles. Commecial ame.Name of Principal Person BuiesPa. ~~~~~~~~~~~~I Cmeca ae rOwe.Bsns l. Articles of Import. (Hyago Ken) (T~ky6 Fu) Hosokawa Shoten Nakayoshi Sh~kwai Hattori Foreign Papex IShop....... Okura Paper Shop Haibara.... Kamiya........ Th5kyS5 Foreign Papej Co. aa u Morimoto Shinkichi.... Sugimoto Ikusabur6... Hosokawa Yoshinosuke Ishizaki Tsuneshichi (Manager) Hattori Genzaburd.... Okura Mqegobei. Nakamura N-aojiro Okamoto Fukutar6.... Tanaka Kunikichi (Head),.. Takeda Yoemon.... Yoshida Rihei.... 5 chome, Sakaich6, K~be. No. 20, Takekawacb6, Ky~bashiku. No. 1, 3 ch6me, Ginza, Ky6basbiku. No. 6, Minaminorimonoch6, Kandaku. No. 5, 1 ch6me, Horidomech6, Nihonbashiku. No. 18, 1 ch6me, Tori, 'Nihonbashiku. No. 1, 1 ch6me, T~iri, Nihonbashiku N.o. 9, 2 ch~me, Minamidemmalcha, Ky6bashiku No. 11, 3 ehome, T'6ri, Nih6nbashiku. 2ch6me, Awajich6, Higashi. ku, Osaka. 4 ch6me, D6shiuch6, Higa. shiku, Osaka. Foreign papers. Printing paper, and paper used for account-books. Foreign papers. C 0 t;-.d 11-1 t.;ad _4 0 0-4 OQ -4 IIXT OQ t_1 1Z -4 "Ll C) 4 ZI.t-W d )_4 I. —I I tZI i 0 Di W 284 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 8. RAW COTTON, COTTON ON THE SEEDS, COTTON YARN, COTTON THREADS, CALICO, COTTON DAMASK, COTTON DRILLS, COTTON DUCK, CHINESE COTTON GOODS, COREAN COTTON GOODS, COTTON SATIN, COTTON VELVET, GINGHAM, 41RAY SHIRTING, WHITE SHIRTING, FIGURED SHIRTING, TWILLED SHIRTING, DYED SHIRTING, TAFPACHELASS, T. CLOTHS, TURKEY-REDS, VICTORIA LAWN, ETC. Countries. British C catty America (yen China.. atty yen East catty India... yen Siam catty yen United... cattS States... yen Other catt3 Crts.... yen Total.., ecatt -yen Raw Cotton. 1887 1888 188 5,491,539 11,703,171 22,753 701,522 1,622,540 3,39E 70,915 44,255 32C 9,160 6,449 4' - 81,739 - 10,45, - 8,131 63,351 71 1,270 12,70 13 - 751 22 - 90 711,7ul52 1,652,273 *3,4lt 7 11,952 1,652,23 3,|464 19 1890 I 1891. -. - 15,089 2,700 - 1,852 16,786,253 18,055,152 1,791 2,665,466 2,571,666 ),342 7,500,966 26,561,950 7,885 1,114,264 3,381,972 1,583 1,779,022 5,304,422 1,439 351,876 1,011,518,3-17 3,015 207,226 4,211 485 33,377,094 26,084,345 50,128,750 E,326 4,134,791 6,998,533 Cotton on the Seeds.., Countries, China catty Corea... t 5 catty' East catty India... yen Siam catty yen Other, catty Cts.... yen Total.. catty yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 3,128,840 8,837,170 37,834,458 23,084,705 27,940,864 124,907 433,281 2,034,131 1,099,093 1,125,376 - - 169,246 730,970 471,828 -- - 8,181 29,087 18,297 1,949,948 3,228,829 234,581 5,355 2,140 76,990 131,507 11,592 316 89 - -- 147,279 - - --- 7,327 - - 3,323 117,210 2,909,707 2,236,377 1,540,531 118 4,737 143,281 101,867 56,956 i 1 --- —-— 1 --- —— 1 --- — 5)082,111 202,01 5 L1, 183,29 I 4,295,27 1 26,057,407 2),9O5,363 569,525' 2,204,512 1,230,363 1,200,718.. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FRO]M, IMPORTED TO. S85: Cotton Yarn. _ Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1 East catty 17,063,479 24,164,092 24,146,458 13,970;023 4,548,054 India... yen 4,278,511 6,293,963 6,334,627 3,542,529 1,135,459. catty - 4,920 - France... yet - 2555 s Ger- catty - 943 21,47C - many... yen.- 404 8,828 - Great catty 16,231,051 23,274,999 18,658,291 17,911,109 12,787,408 Britain yen 3,956,692 7,317,694 6,N84,328 6,374,282 4,453,112 Other catty 548 300 5,700 2,138 Cts.... yen - 241 125 2,423 718 T. scatty.i3,5-30 47,439,63; i l,810 12 31,906,302 L7,337,WO oa yen 8,235.203 13,611,898 12,522,0.9 9,928,062 5,589;289 Gray Shirtings. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Great yard 28,214,396 41,947,776 36,267,692 30,378,133 30,188s 3 Britain. yen 1,167,852 2,330,558 2,010,694 1,716,981 1,655,873[, East yard - 25,160 - - - India... yen 1,903 - - Hoand.. yard 30,800 - - -- yen - - - - Other yard 6,400 1,093 300 - 15,261 Cts... (yen 4421 104 21 - 808 Total. yard s8,251,596 41,974,029 36,267,992 30,378,133:30,03,894 otaiyen 1.169.816 2,332,565 2,010,7571 1,16,981 1,656,681 White Shirtings. Countries. 188 1888 88 1889 1890 1891 yard - 23,106 - - East India... (y e n yen - 1,950 - - - Germany...yard 104,71C 12,431 314 49,826 - yen 5,621 830 19 3,669 Great yard 4,467,222 2,938,503 2,617,217 3,021,707 3,132,083 Britain... yen 258,098 208,634 174,957 220,728 216,455 United yard 39,025 10,796 - - States:... yen 3,082 1,134 - - Other yard - 1,276 574 26,698 3,449 Countries.. yen - 104 48 1,493 440 T tal yard i,61o,957 2,96, llz 2,618,105 3,093,231 3,15,53z otal..(yen 266.801 212,652 174,124 225,890 216.895 286 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. T. Cloths Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British Indiyard 108,360 92,390 262,200 - - ye 6440 4,995 16,230 - - Great yard 3,725,128 4,327,495,330,768,587,485 2,526, Britain... yen 185,117 246,685 316,810 144,483 141,052 Other Syard 4,800 - - 279 Countries.. (yen 314 - - - 11 To yal 3, a 4,419,88515,&StZ,57,4 ~,5z4 Total... yard (yen 191,871 251,6801 333)040 144,483 141,063 Dyed Shirtings. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1893 1891 Germany 198,196 191,628 - - 12,000 "yen 14,644 25,749 - - 1,725 Great yard 1,724,529,028,890 2,461,5452,866,083 960,270 Britain... yen 140,400 206,244 222,226 266,690 107,339 Other yard - 12,000 6,000 2, 29 Countries.. yen - 950 675 - 132 Total y9ard L,917,725 ',232,518 2,467,545 2,866,083 Y'i4,49 (yen 155,044 232,943 222,901 266,6901 109,196 Turkey-reds. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891.. 1..9 l Belgium... France Germany... Great Iyard yen yard yen yard yen 116,045 7,246 _ 1 244,654 21,378 7,20C 60C r Drc A]r 147,600 12,348 18,325 1,39a R lK0 I S 55,20( 4,757 158,40C 13,51-8 28,80( i1,44G a 1 in oan 333,.C 25,098 43,20C 2,862 '7 ~t\~.1 vU!l~fig!lt 'l-fLnl I 4, LLB},t!,'4[al I I II If- 1$l.v 11lJ.IOC I ana 014 j1 B Swi Oth C ritain...yen 345,871 311,461 523,210 345,531 46846E tzerland...yard 149,864 - 36,000 18,000 18,0( tzerland.. ly<^ ^ _^e yen 5,571 - 2;925 1,170 99( er yard - 9,000 - - 8,99 ounties.. [yen - 540 - - 713 Total yard 7,031,007 5,1ti9, l8 9,158,073 6,370,690 8,010,01< "(yen 358,688 333,979 539,876 366,416 495,131 I k.1 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 281 Victoria LaIWL Countries. 1887 1888 1889 8 1890 1891 Germany.yard 95,488 74590 528 yen 4,071 3,941 51 - Great yard 1,683,254 1,840,899 1,700,331 1,04,792,021,171 Britain... yen 74,273 97,800 92,141 53,245 103,833 Total yard 1,683,254 1,936,3'i 1 774,921 L,644,.l 2,031,171 (yen 74,273 101,871 96,082 53,296 103,833 Calico. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France yard 8,547 28,095 636 40,559 1,10 rane... yen 873 2,865 51 3,286 242 Germany yard 505,534 272,061 48 171,268 15,375 y yen 30,813 23,285 4 11,58 1,3 Great yard 4,436,05,904,956 5,404,918 6,506, 01,908,032 Britain... yen 260,348 355,188 370,829 448,824 137,3 Russia yard - 8,980 12,728 7,746 13,389 ussa yen 1,46 1,271 915 i,678 Switzerlad 5 yard 406,758 77,060 342,300 6,031 yen 26,251 6,686 25,55 12,775 United yard - - - 17,640 - States... yen - - - 1,061 - Other yard 1,754 - 8,555 204 Countries.. [yen 89 - 847 16 Total yad 5,35b,6t52,292,06Z 5,710i t6,9,018 lL,93S,60 t '" (yen 318,374 389,0701 398,561 478,462 140,905..... 288. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. COtton Satin. Countries.. - 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France. yard: 7,490 16,858 893,967.. yen. '1,052 3,533 110 -. 1,171 aeman. y. Sya 463,590 88,697 2,469 29,385 5,2431 yen 3,777 12,386 249 2,382 57o i Great yard 1,998,643 2,484,003 1,750,481 2,126,068 1,086,165 Britain... yen 193,263 277,448 185,789 227,962 126,559 Switzerland.. yard 5,766 16,703 - - yen 803 3,258 - United!yard - - 60,450 States... yen - - - 6,566 Other yard - 454 - - - - Countries.. -yen - 68 - - Total. yard z,055,,48yy 2,606,715 1,753,843 2,155,453 1, 16,825I yen I 198,895 296,693 186,148 230,344 134,866 Cotton Velvet. Countries.. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France... yard - 22,545 - - yen - 4,281 - - Germany... yard 11,550 13,436 32,734.18,624 25,691 G t yen 1,391 2,210 6,496,5,063 6,623 rea i: yard 2,270,164 1,341,128 2,298,405 2,480,230 1,642,663 yrn en 323,328 213,278 355,283 a77,236 267,322 Other yard 103 187 1,967 3,499 Countries.. yen -26 32.552 986 T otal yard 2,281,714 1,377,212 2,331,326 2,5U,821 1,671,853 ~ '. yen 324,719 219,795 361,811 382,8511 274,931 Cottoi,, The total value of the latest import amounts Threads. to 83,793 yen and is imported chiefly from Great Britain. COMMLTODITIES EXPORTED FROMI ~ LIMPORTED TO. 2839 Importers of the Above Mentioned Articl~es. ComrialNm.Name of' Principal Person Commecial ame.or Owner. (KngwaKn Ono Sh6ten........ Satsuma 5.... omiya............. Shinanoya.......... Sekitanya............ Sugimnura Sh~ten..... Fujitaya............. Matsuya....... Kanekoya............... Iseya.......... Itoya.............. Masuya...... Omiya............. Moritaya................ Minoya........... Ma,.Sa-kiya............... Ushiuya........ omiya........... Ono Mitsukagge.......... Ishikawa Yasujir6 (Manager) Fujiyama Suekichi (, Ohama Chiuzabur6.... Hiranuma Senz6.. Takeoka Zenshichi (Manager) Yoda Yasuke.............. Uno, Masa-kichi.... Suganumna Moichirb Takahashi S~bei...... Nishikawa Toyokichi Uchiyama Gisabur6....... Yoshida. Sotojir6... Mori Jsaku................ Matsushita Yosa.bur6 Katagyi Yaekichi Yainashiro Katsunosuke.. A~s6 Kisabur6.......... Kitagyawa Yohei Sat Tanji.............. Shimoyama Jisuke..... Tokuda, Tokutar6..... Shindl6 Tomekichi..... Shimoyama Sh~ten Azumaya.... 290 COMMIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. No. 20, 2 ch6me, Bentendori, Yokohama. No. 27, 3 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 30, 5 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 48, 3 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 27, 2 ch6me, Honcho, Yokohama. -No. 24, 2 chome, No. 24, 2 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 9, 1 chome, Otamachi, Yokohama. 1 chome, Otamachi,, No. 62, 4 chome, Tokiwacho,, No. 40, 2 chome, Otacho,, No. 37, 2 chome,... No. 7, 1 chome, Aioicho, No. 68, 4 chome, Bentendori, Yokohama. No. 35, 2 chome, Otamachi, Yokohama. No. 84, 2 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 92, 3 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 22, 2 chome, Sumiyoshicho, Yokohama. No. 43, 3 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 31, 2 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 30, 2 chome, Otamachi, Yokohama. No. 2, 1 chome, Sakaicho, Yokohama. No. 30, 2 chome, Otamachi, Yokohama. Foreign threads and fabrics. COlIMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM, IMPORTED TO. 291 Continued:-... Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner., (Osaka Fu) Nagai Cotton Co......... Osaka Branch Shop of Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha........ Obiya............... Sakai Menyu Co......... Handa Shoten........... Ishii Shoshichi Shoten..... Iwata Zeniya.............. Matsumoto Jitaro Branch Shop Marufuku Co........... Konishi Shirting Shop...... (Hyogo Ken) Hiranoya.......... K6be detached Office of Nagai Cotton Co............. Abe Hikotaro (Head]...... Minami Ichisuke (Manager)... Tomimura Saburokichi... Ohashi Kiheiji (Head)...... Handa Seisuke............ Ishii Shoshichi...... Iwata Yasutaro............ Yamamoto Jihei...... Konishi Hambei......... Waida Sashichi............ Konishi Heibei............ Ito Mansuke............ Takei Genzabur6... Konishi Yosuke........ Takemura T6bei (Head)...... Nakahara Ko............ Konishi Heibei............ Hirano Jiutar........ Enami Denshichi (Deputy)... 292 C62MLFRCE AND I-NDUSTRY IN JAP'AN. Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. Genz~ch6, Kitaku, Osaka. 1 ch~ime, Nakanoshima, Kitaku, Osaka. Ktishiyach6 Sakai City. 4 ch6 Nishi, Kaich6, 2, ch~me, Hondach6, YXishiku, Osaka. 6 eh6me, Tachiuri bori, Kitadfri, Nishiku, Osaka. 2 chr~me, Eitakiutaroch6, Bigashiku, Osaka. Hicgasbinoch6, Daihojich6, Minan miku, Osaka. 4 cli~me, Fusbimich6. Higashiku, Osaka. 3 ch6me, Imahashi, Iligashiku, Osaka. 5 ch6ume, Fushirnich, Hligashiku, Osaka. 4 ch~me, Honch6, Higashiku,' Osaka. 4 ch~me, Fushimicb6, Higashi-.ku, Osaka. 4 ch6me, Fusbimich6, Higashiku, Osaka. 4 ch6mie, Biranoch6, Bigrashiku, Osaka 4 ch,6me, Fusbimich6, Eligahi ku, Osaka. 4 ch~me, Bingoch6, fligashiku, Osaka. 4 chbme, Fushimich5 Higashiku, Osaka. 3 ch6me, Sakaich6, Kabe. 2 ch6me, China, India, and America Cotton. Raw Cotton. Cotton on the seeds. Bombay Cotton, and America Cotton. Cotton on the seeds. Calico, Trirkey-reis, Cotton Satin. Calico and Cotton Satin. Cotton velvet, cotton and silk mixture satin, Turkey-reds, and cotton satin. Cotton velvet, and cotton satin. Cotton satin. T. Cloths, -and Gray Shirting, White Shirting. Raw Cotton. COMMIODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4t IMPORTE D TO. 293 Continued: Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Ov~ner. (Naggasaki. Ken) Matsumotoya..... (T6ky6 Fui) Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha. J6shiuya..... Echizenya.... Kamiya.... Itoya....... T6ky5 Cotton Co. Daimonjiya Enshiuya.... Masuya.... Jzumiya................................................. Matsumoto Busuke.. Yoshikawa Bunshichi. Mitsui Y~nosuke...... Satsuma Jihei.... Kakinuma Taniz6.... N akamura Tokutarb.. Sait6 Bennosuke...... Hfiranuma Hachitixri Nomoto Denshichi (Heal) Nishikawa Sh~roku....... Aoki Gihei.. Seki Hatsunosuke.Hibiya Kichijir6 Okura Kihachir6 (Head).. Takonouchi Sennosuke.... Satsumia Jihei.... Horikoshi Kakujira...... Sugimura Jimbei Inouye Jchibei......... Nishimura Yohei Shiraishi Jinbei Takenouchi Fusajiro.. Sait6i Kakichi....... Yamazaki Sakujir6..... Maekawa Tarobei...... I Naigwai Y~tatsu Kwaisha.. Iomiya.. Tomiya........ Ch~jiya........ Tomiya.......... Omiya.... Matsuya........ Omiya.... Otaya............ Mikawaya,.......... Omiya........... (Ky~5to Pu) Fukushimaya. Takemura Ttar5.... 294 COMMERCE AN,.D INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. Hiratoch6, N-agasaki City. Honshinioch.6, -No. 5, Kabutoch6, N-ihonbashiku. N-o. 14, 2 cli~me, Horidomech6, N-ihonbashiku. 1 ch,5me, Koamich6, 2 ch6me, Horid~moch6, 1 ch~me, Horiech6, 1 ch~me, Kobunach6, -No. 20, Shinzaimokucha,,,.N'o. 9, T~ri,4 ch6me,, Koamich6, NXo. 19,]Nishinakach6,Asakusaku. 2 ch~me, Horidomech6, -Nihonbashiku, No. 7,2 ch~iae, Ginza, Kybbashiku. N'o. 3, Tadokoroch6, 'Nihonbashiku. No. 4, Raw% Cotton. Gray Shirting. Cott-on, threds, and fabrics. Cotton threads. Raw cotton, & cotton on h ed Cotton Cloths. Shirting, cotton satin, and cotton velvet. White shirting, gray shirting,~ rP. cloths, twilled cotton cloths. Turkey-reds, calico, and velvet. Cotton velvet, calico, and dyed shirtings, etc. N\o. 14, TarihatagochK N\o. 1, Shinzaimokuch.6, -No. 1, Tomizawach6, I No. 9, Hasegawach6, N\o. 15, Shinnorimonoch5,, N~o. 16, Hasegawach5, -No. 10, Shinbsakach6,, -No. 28, Tadokorochb,, N-\o. 14, 2 ch~me, Horidomech6, Foreign threads, shirting, T. N-\ihonbashiku. cloths, and twilled cotton cloths. Goj6sagariu Ebisuch5, Shim- Gray Shirting. mnachi, Shimok-~u Ky6to.j COJIJIODIIDLEE EXP9')I'ED FROJI IMPORTED TO. 295 CLASS 9. WO3L, WOOLEN YARN, ALPACAS, BLANKET, BUNTINGS, CAMLETS CARDS, CAMLETS, CHINA FIGURES, FLANNELS, ITALIAN CLOTHS, LASTINGS, LONG ELLS, LUSTRES, MOUSSELINE DE LATNE, ORLEANS, SERGES, SPANISH STRIPES, TRAVELLING RUGS, WOOLEN CLOTH, WOOLEN DAMASK, BALZALINE, CRAPES, PONGEE, SATINS, SILK AND COTTON MIXTURE SATIN, FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, FLAX AND HEMP YARN, CANVAS, GUNNY BAGS, HEMP ROPE, LINNEN, LINNEN AND COTTON MIXTURES, CHIKUFU, CURTAINS, ELASTIC WEBBINGS, MOSQUITO-NETS, MOSQUITO-NETTINGS, OIL OR LEATHER CLOTHS, OIL OR WAX CLOTHS, AND ALL OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS AND THEIR MATERIALS, PATENT TAPESTRY CARPET, FELT CARPET, VELVET CARPETS AND OTHER CARPETS, COTTON TABLE CLOTHS, WOOLEN TABLE 'CLOTHS, HEMP OR JUTE CARPET, CHINA MATTINGS, COCOA MATTINGS, PACKING MATS, AND OTHER MATS FOR FLOOR, BOOTS, SHOES, CHINESE BOOTS AND SHOES, HANDKERCHIEFS, TOWELS, BRACES AND SUSPENDERS, BUTTONS, CAMFORTERS AND TIPPETS, GLOVES, HATS AND CAPS, NECKTIES, SHAWLS, SHIRTS, SLIPPERS, SOCKS AND STOCKINGS, COTTON UNDER-SHIRTS AND DRAWERS, WATER PROOF COATS, ETC. Wool. Countries. 1887 | 1888 I 1889 1880 Australia CAttty 105,6 546,27w 424,075 583,538 A.yen 29,666 215,151 261,069 299,232 British India, Ctty 77,575 212,153 54 35,519 y en 23,417 69,201 15 12,892 Chin. atty 271,265 92,100 224,555 189,995 (yen 42,249 11,663 35,027 32,915 Germany atty - 537 7,927 - yen - 184 5,577 - Great Britin tty 234,378 15,263 501 50,848 (yen 94,504 4,161 142 20,528 Other Catty 362 32 1,707 7,752 Countries... yen 63 9 256 4,347 Totl... catty 669,267 866,364 658,819 867,652 yen 189,899 300,369 302,086 369,914 1891 299,515 158,815 36,641 15,197 116,471 14,403 671 206 33,066 16,007 3,711 1,919 490,075 206,547 296 COMMERCE ANI) INDUlSTlRYl IN JAPAN. Woolen Yarn. Countries. 1887 1888 Belgiu... catty - yen yen 26,959 10,464 F c (catty 25,030 8,088 Gerny catty 116,494 88,514 yen 119,004 96,881 Great 5catty 118,217 47,356 Britain... yen 109,010 55,215 Switzerland.. catty 1,500 yen - 2,70C Other catty 503 35 Countries. yen 329; 3 l catty z60,244 145,493 Totl... yen 255,302 165,295 1889 1,977 2,020 10,484 12,151 150,282 176,60C 59,158 64,424 2,250 916 425,151 256.111 1800 1891 12,653 1,917 12,315 1,831 9,07 866 9,725 654 324,594 144,224 371,561 149,476 97,29c 17,540 100,715 16,423 _ I - 443,624 164,547 494,316 168,384 Flannel. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia (yard 5,355 - - - 1,Australia. - Belgium rd - 9,008 1,080 2,244 yee gi- 3,032 312 504 Fran ce. yard 2,722 1,591 38,695 13,583 14,306 ' yen 618 446 10,780 4,407 3,497 Germany yard 904,481 1,339,373 2,942,948 2,354,693 1,108,149 eay yen 222,267 406,602 886,288 715,259 331,956 Great Britain yard 400,457 458,992 443,056 705,781 263,379 reat r yen 97,928 138,501 129,687 206,104 70,904 Switzerland... 9 13,28 - - - yen 194 3,463 - - - UnitedStates yard _- _ 3,2 - yen 25 1,052 - Other ( yard 7,S67 993 335 907 Countries yen ],605 345 175 4281 Total Syard l,31,9461,814,247.,4,4,115 3,079,46511,38S,0781 "t 1.yen 323,7801 549,35711,029,987 927,562 4(06,861! COMMODITIES EXI'PORIED 1I0I c' IMPORTED TO. 297 Blanket. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Austria... catty. 15 1,389 - - - yen 13 1,659 - -- France.. catty 4,993 5,615 4,590 3,290 332 yen 2,278 2,941 3,566 2,049 283 eran catty 53,06c 47,792 19,28C 39,167 3,082 y yen 21,295 26,655 11,416 21,509 2,275 Great catty 1,431,134 1,029,703 1,385,360 1,085,873 496,722 Britain'" yen 557,215 511,947 707,283 548,586 248,915 Italy lcatty 5,027 yen - - 2,586 - -- Other catty 683 596 323 66 195 Countries yen 830 461 484 83 270 T ot.catty l,489,894 1,085,095 1,414,589 1,12,396 50u,331 oa...yen 581,631 543,663 725,335 572,227 251,743 Italian Cloths. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belium catty -- 9,543 B ye — i 4,117 France... catty - 161 12,99 1,325 yen - 35 3,461 - 290 Germany catty 182,121 265,347 39,231 95,706 91,164 yen 51,318 69,764 14,008 29,270 25,172 Great catty 5,073,754 6,516,708 5,881,289 7,169,760 8,011,350 Britain yen 870,345 1.415.260 1.357.226 1,657,372 20 866 T l.. (catty 5,255,875 b,78z,216 5,943,055 7,265,466 8,103,839 tal... yen 921,661 1,485,059 1,378,852 1,686,642 1,846,328 Mousseline de Laine. Countries. 1887 1688 1889 1890 1891 France. yard S,763,024 13,403,849 12,584,383 16,790,804 12,671,806 yen 1,042,187 2,030,954 1,807,452 2,450,770 1,697,631 German Syard 769,856 2,467,679 1,187,178 2,392,659 1,353,151 nyyen 78,826 309,138 149,676 311,891 156,440 Great yard 48,857 90,544 10,784 154,859 298,574 Britain" yen 5,070 12,025 1,759 21,086 37,812 Switzer- yard 5,571 85,238 135,639 4,179 land yen 592 11.976 20,456 646 - Total yard 9,587,308 16,047,310 13,918,284 19,342,501 14,323,531 yTot en 1,126,675 2,364,093 1,979,343 2,784,393 1,891,883.... '"ye 298 COMMERCE AND INDUSITR IIN JAPAN. Woolen Cloths. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891.. I Belgium... y (yen France. dyen Germany yard Great t yard Britain... (yen Holland...yard ' (yen Russia yard yen Switzerland. yard yen Other yard Countries. yen Total.. yard (yen 20,568 36,980 23,412 21,458 421,995 448,456 980,580 893,251 555 343 909 1,677 1,040 646 1,449,08o 1,402,8 11 15,056 22,451 49,144 56,412 264,345 284,907 630,604 667,513 7,234 8,902 1,126 1,355 967,509 1,041,540 24,216 38,045 4,900 7,600 114,324 176,121 303,143 380,662 3,152 3,238 312 657 450,047 606,323 28,150 6,510 45,284 10,488 7,118 2,638 8,836 3,341 277,142 133,157 343,460 151,518 425,584 258,092 496,121 265,648 3,308 902 3,991 819 755 - 1,322 - 1,591 76 2,117 188,43,64S 401,375 901,131 432,002 Cotton and Silk Mixture Satins. Countries. Belgium. ye Denmark.. yard (yen yard France... 5y Germany..yard (yen Great yard Britain... yen Switzerland. yard yen Other yard Countries. yen Total iyard '"yen 1887 1,445 713 1,882 1,147 276,729 139,161 358,5 1 206,609 67,455 28,324 106,784 61,224 812,846 437,178 1888 11,939 8,461 259,492 164,q0o 256,717 188,572 84,628 51,325 118,804 87,286 862 1889 237,918 126,453 227,777 137,716 8,887 4,961 80,391 50,396 1890 244,2461 134,348 407,196 253,460 26,390 13,176 93,404 57,375 882 1891 3,137 2,021 307,449 158,240 325,492 186,172 20,211 8,726 83,871 49,526 1,832 1,012 741,992 405,696 606 - 1 569,6 -732,442 554,973 772,1 18 500,320 319,526 458,928. I CO.lM ODlTIES EXPORTED FROiM IMPORTED TO. 299 Hats and Caps. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 British doz. 102 18 32 8 18 India. yen 1,156 163 434 160 258 Chna doz. 2,240 2,994 5,265 3,637 2,457 yen 3,900 6,336 10,010 7,296 5,241 anc doz. 329 454 1,293 163 4 France... yen 2,992 4,492 4,377 1,251 103 Germany doz. 2,192 5,343 6,470 525 1,541 yen 11,230 21,177 32,590 4,376 5,560 Great doz. 47,535 55,742 5,265 3,637 2,457 Britain... yen 225,339 272,318 437,668 334,207 398,308 United doz. 232 288 490 128 523 States... yen 1,819 2,828 5,243 1,402 4,977 Other doz. 687 963 -21 31 Countries. yen 5.014 6,958 - 118 245 Toal. doz.,31 65,802 97,846 61,980 72,296 " yen 251,450 314,272 490,349 348,810 414,695 Cotton Handkerchief. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Chi. 3,670.- - - ~China. -. yen 1,085 - - - France doz. 16,445 3,361 12,190 390 11,168 yen 10,039 2,094 7,147 330 7,184 rman doz. 21,979 8,500 16,777 25,030 35,194 any yen 12,395 3,441 10,639 14,427 20,234 Great doz. 287,875 262,577 386,100 250,581 235,666 Britain... yen 109,060 104,632 133,867 110,246 89,195 Italy doz. - - - 2,254 - Itly. yen - _ _ 1,353 - Switzerland. doz. 24,935 24,334 16,871 21,147 10,884 yen 18,407 14,105 10,418 12,302 6,857 Other doz. 987 - 772 - Countries. (yen 91 - 329 - - Total. doz. 355,891 298,772 432,710 299,408 z92,912..... yen 151,077 124,272 162,400 138,658 123,470 300 COMM3IERCE 4AN1) INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Flax, Hemp and Jute. Countries. 18S7 Australia., catty yen British atttty America *" yen China. catty France... catty Germany.catt yen Great catty Britain yen India catty yen catty Italy y yen Philippine catty Group ' yen United 5 catty States." yen Total.. catty yen 435,785 36,958 738 98 16,676 1,013 276,60C 9,93C 18,095 2,294 747,894 50,29.9 1888 18,123 1,618 598,45C 53,008 1889 26,172 3,564 615,703 55,476 1890 1891 90,730 7,539 - 75,00(, - 7,50C - 608,865 943,071 53,877 80,774 - 36,198 - 3,934 lt -- - 55 - - 1,093 63,628 - 116 9,544 534,700 423,822 603,600 22,514 19,762 25,672 - - 31,541 - - 2,839 118,470 118,169 345,616 10,874 14,693 32,766 - 309 -- - 40 1,269,838 1,184,959 1,19,289 88,0690 93,611 139,777 884,118 31,930 370,150 33,022 2,233,537 149,660 Hemp anti Jute Yarn. The total value of the latest import amounts to 91,736 yen, and is inported chiefly from Great Britain. Canvas. The total value of the latest import amounts to 53,681 yen, andis importedchiefly from Great Britain. Gunny Bags. The total value of the latest import amounts to 82,454 yen,andis imported chiefly from India. Packing Mats. The total value of the latest import amounts to 96,776 yen, and is imported chiefly from China. Cotton Under-shiirts,The total value of the latest inland Drawers. port amounts to 61,046 yen, and is imported chiefly from Great Britain. serges. The total value of the latest import amounts to 58,922 yen, and is imported chiefly from Great Britain. importers of the Above M~entioned Articles. Commercial Name. Naeof Princiaerso Business Place. Articles of Import. Iseya. Nozawagcumi Sh~kwai. Okura Gumii.. Mitsui Bussan Kwaishai Naiggai Y~tatsu Kwaisha........ Omiya..... Tomiya.... Chij iya......... Nakajimaya.... Tomiya.... Omiya.. Miyeda Yosabur6 Oyagi Genjir6.... Oktura Kihachir6 Mitsui Y~inosuke Okura Kihachir6 Takenouchi Sennosuke Horikoshi Kakujir6.... Sugimura Jimbei... Kohara Kiubei. Inouye Ichibei..... 'No. 7, 3 ch~me, Ginza, Ky~bashiku. No. 6, Nakabashi Hirok~ji..Ky~basbiku. -No. 7, 2 ch~me, Ginza, Ky6bashiku. No. 5, Kabutoch6, Nihonbashiku, No. 7, 2 chbme, Ginza, Ky6bashiku.' No. 3, Tadokoroch6, Nihonbashiku. No. 14, Tfrihatagoch6, Nihonbashiku. No. I, Shinzaimokuch63, Nihonbasbiku. No. 5, 1 ch6me, Minamidemmach6, Ky6bashiku. No. 1, Tomiizawach6, Nihonbashiku. No. 9, HasegawachK Nihonba~shiku. Woolen yarn. Wool. Cloths of all kinds. Woolen fabrics. Flannels, Italian cloths, and muslin. [talian cloths, merins, flannels, and blanket, Blanket, carpet, and other woolen fabrics. Italian cloths, muslin, and woolen piece goods. 0) 0 ~14 CQ 0 I Nishimura Yohei Continued Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person or Owner. Business Place. Matsuya Omiya...... otaya.......... Mikawaya......... Morimurag-umi. Idsumiya Hisanoya....... Hinoya....... N7ozawaglumi Sh6kwai.. Tsujiya............ Suzuki Sh~ten.... Shiraishi Gimbei Takenouchi Fusajir6i... Sait6 Kakichi Yamasaki Sakujir6.... Morimura Ichitar63 Og~ura Kiubei......... Sait6 Zensuke.... Kohara Takijiro....... Oyagi Genjir5.. Tsuji Kumekichi Suzuki Sakubej.......... No. 15, Shinnorimionoch6, Nihonbashiku. No. 16, Ha~segawacb~,5 Nihonba~sbiku.I N\o. 10, Shiin~sakiachM, Nihonbashiku. No. 38, Tadokorocb6, Nilionbashiku. No. 1, 4 clh~me, Ginza, Ky~bashiku. No. 3, 1 cb~me, Koamich5, N-ibonbasbiku. No. 2, Jukkendana, Ronkokuch6, 'Nihoubashiku. No. 10, 4 ch~me, Ginza, Ky6basbiku.1 No. 6, Nakabashi Hiroko-Ji, KyZ~ba~sliku. 2 cli~me, Ginza, Ky,5 -ba~shiku.No. 11, 2 ch~ine, KoaiuichKi Niho-nbasbiku. Articles of Imiport. Italdian cloths, muslin, and woolen piece goods. Woolen cloths, and flannaels. Hcm~p and fla,-x. Hats and -caps. Hats & caps, & cotton uLnder-shirts and d rawer?. W a C Q) t.;a t-I 11 el t: t2 C",?.'Q _4 14 11 el Continued: Commercilal 'Name. Naeo rnia esn Business Place. Articles of Import. or Owner. Kanzaki Saburobei.... (Osaka Eu) Jt65 Mansuke.... Konishi Matasuke Shibakawa Shiinjir6. Matsumoto Jiutar6. Arabori Genjir6... Konishi Heibei. Konishi Hanbei. Konishi Y6suke...... Waida Sashichi.... Takei Geuzaburuj No. 2, 1 chlinie, YonezawacliC3, 'Nihoubashiku. 4 ch~me, Tlonch5, Ilioashiku, Osatka. 5 ch6me, Fiisbimichb3, fligashiku, Osaka. 4 cb~me, D6shuch6, Higrashikui, Osaka. 4 ch6me, Tliranoch6, liigashiku, Osaka. 5 ch~me, Fushi'iiCh6, Iligashiku, Osaka 5 ch~me, Fushim~ich6, Hiogalshiku, Osaka 4 ch~me, Fushimich6, Hfigashiku, Osaka 4 ch6me, Fushimich6, HiogashikuL, O-saka. 3 ch~me, Timahashi,, Tligashiku, Osaka. 4 eh~me, Fushimieh6, Hig~ashiku, Osaka. Hats and caps. [talian Cloths, muLslin and blanket. Blanket, flannel, and woolen cloths. Blanket, and Italian cloths. Flannel. Italian cloths. cl C) 4 0 tz -i 'Q t —j 1 "Zi C) d 41 tl t L.-i I —i Q) I'd C) t tl tzj Q) 9 W Continued: Commercial Name. Name of Principal Person Busines-s Place. Articles of Import. or Owner. Muslin Sh~ten.... (IHy~go Ken) ITy6go Branch Office ol Mitsui Bussa,-n Kwaisha........ (IKy6to Fu) Kikuya........ Konishi Ileihei (Doputy)., Yamakuchi Seijiro-... Fukuda Ichizo5.... Sugiyama Yashichi. 1-amadani Suetar6.... Ozaki Dailkichii.... Morigamii Stisbichi. Nishimura -Rihiei.. 4 ch~me, AwvajichKi Big~ashiku, Osaka., 5 ch~me, Awajieh6, iHigashiku, Osaka. 4 chuiue, DWshueh6, Higasbiku, Osaku. 4 eh~ime, D~shuch6, Hig-ashiku, Osaka.' 4 cb~me, 1)6shuch6, Higashiku, Osaka 4 ch6me, Azuchicb6, Jligashiku, Osaka 5 chime, Dbshueh6, Higashiku, Osaka. 4 eh6me, Fushimich6, Higasbiku, Osaka. Muslin. Woolen. yarn. Hats and caps. Manila rope, and sundries. co 0 qC t.A t C t-1 41.4 t -4 t 'Zi n -i Si V." t; C-4 4, "Cl Matsuyachbi, Hy6go, K~be Tanaka K6suke (Manager). city Hirota Saburosuke....Sanj~agaru, Sbinnmaebid~ri, Sbimokioku, Ky~to. IHemp and flax. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM L& IMPORTED TO. 305 CLASS 10. PIG IRON, OLD IRON, BAR IRON, ROD IRON, HOOP IRON, BAND IRON, NAIL-ROD IRON, IRON NAIL, IRON PIPES, IRON TUBES, IRON SCREW, IRON BOLT, IRON NUTS, TELEGRAPH WIRE, IRON WIRE ROPE, TIN-PLATES, STEEL, STEEL WIRE, STEEL WIRE ROPE, BRASS, BRASS'SCREWS, BRAZEN BOLTS, BRAZEN NUTS, BRASS TUBE, TIN CAPSULES FOR BOTTLE, COPPER ROD, PLATE AND SHEET COPPER, OLD COPPER, COPPER NAIL, COPPER SCREWS, COPPER TUBES, COPPER WIRE, FAILS OF GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, AND TIN, GERMAN SILVER, LEAD, SHEET AND PLATE LEAD, TEA LEAD, LEAD TUBES, MERCURY, NICKEL, SOLDER, TIN, YELLOW METAL PLATE, YELLOW METAL SHEATHING, Rob YELLOW METAL, ZINC, SHEET ZINC, OLD ZINC, ANTIMONY, OLD BRASS, IRON SAFES, STOVES, BRASS BUTTON, COPPER WARES, GOLD WARES, SILVER WARES, ELECTRO-PLATED WARE, NICKEL WARES, UTENSIL (INCL. FORKS, SPOONS, KNIVES, ETC.), TEA-FIRING PAN, AND OTHER METALS AND METALLIC WARES. Pig Iron. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium atty 1,566 - - yen 15 - - - British catty - - 555,297 India (yen - - 4,983 France Catty 611,119 2,439,623 32,801 332,289 33,910 yen 21,231 118,494 609 10,708 274 Ger- 5 atty 333,765 5,404,327 3,989,665 8,130,266 6,597,556 many yeny 1,926 42,600 46,969 83,583 61,209 Great catty 9,313,337 26,725,105 12,322,770 8,330,462 13,685,878 Britain yen 72,186 236,055 116,568 86,172 137,721 Italy..atty 632,46 - - - - yen 23,025 - - - Sweden catty - 33,131 - (yen.- - 488 - Other catty - -217 935 570 Cts. yen - - 2 15 5 Total 5 catty 10,890,867 34,570,621 16,345,453 17,82,3830 20,317,914 yen 118.368 397,164 164,148 18.6,949 199,209 306 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Sheet Zinc. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 A. r catty - - 21,008 Austr... yen - - - 2,042 Beli catty 388,142 247,484 140,713 322,812 250,110 yen 20,601 19,057 13,735 31,698 25,655 France catty 26,688 21,315 23,381 56,468 8,820 rayen 1,175 1,554 1,377 5,588 1,050 catty 832,942 729,210 450,905 1,432,764 528,378 yen 46,810 53,516 40,222 141,889 53,813 Great catty 1,358,586 983,095 334,123 939,784 610,785 Britain yen 69,994 70,155 28,393 89,353 60,798 Other catty - - 10,134 1,390 106 Countries yen - - 741 160 16 Total.. catty,606,358 1,981,104 959,256,753,218 1,419,207 yen 138,580 144,282 84,468 268,688 143,374 Tea Lead. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Britain '( yen 136,021 109,850 119,332 126,336 126,346 Total. catty 2,46',502 1,537,284 1,640,608 1,947,54'2 1,942,832 Lead. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia... 5catty - - 188 48,978 194,043 (yen - - 2,596 9,855 Austria. catty - - - - 4,000 ' yen - - - - 2,100 Belgium... catty - - - 45,800 - yen - - - 2,387 - China...... catty - 25,040 66,960 60,700 206,178 yen - 1,315 3,594 3,560 11,358 East India... tty - - - - 41,95 France catty - 297 86,014 8,400 - yen - 18 4,711 459 - Germany. catty 606,798 1,105,480 272,974 419,349 313,110 yen 31,406 64,365 15,487 22,755, 16,812 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM ' IMPORTED TO. 307 Countries. 1887 Great catty 1,680,055 Britain... yen 77,428 Spain.. t. ty yen - Other catty - Countries. yen - Total..5 catty 2,286,853 yen 108,834 1888 1889 1890 1891 2,446,654!2,766,745 1,0(2,563 1,180,650 134,860! 149,670 53,667 59,448 - - - 41,847 -- - - 2,161 13,885 269 - - 694 14 - 3,591,35613,193,150 1,605,790 2,019,552 201,2521 173,488 85,424 104,029 Plate and Sheet Iron. Countries. America. catty yen Belgium. catty yen Ger- catty many... (yen Great catty Britain. (yen France.. catty yen Other 5 catty Cts.... yen Ta yen Countries. Belgium ctty yen France... catty (yen Ger- catty many... yen Great catty Britain. yen Sweden& catty Norway yen Other 5 catty Cts....(yen Total.. catty (ven 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 - - -,820 15,252 - - 264 1,414 10,795 12,830 446,738 167,993 463,111 366 559 14,820 6,255 12,635 698,733 391,462 293,014 486,696 331,223 17,202 16,734 11,143 19,157 9,731 8,778,442 7,265,120 9,812,944 9,770,604 9,777,766 200,951 197,190 295,902 287,727 274,054 12,698 157,381 382,555 11,829 3,329 413 5,315 14,042 653 173 - 692 134 40 - 14 3 12 - 9,5,00,668 7,827,493 [0,935,385 10,443,343 10,590,686 218.932 219,812 335,910 314,068 298,007 Bar and Rod Iron. 1887 579,680 13,695 422,916 15,011 484,217 8,999 25,025,092 408,818 23,698 615 26,535,603 447.102 1888 1889 1,827,435 6,747,871 46,208 169,400 65S,490 367,422 25,970 13,033 583,690 2,605,587 10,963 59,175 31,588,990 24,845,530 665,735 593,529 30,820 176,729 1,016 6,449 1,194 32,966 24 927 34,69Jo,619 34,776,105 749.9161 842,513 1890 1891 4,487,621 7,450,529 119,623 172,415 262,367 456,553 7,040 14,771 1,769,468 4,410,235 43,851 103,742 25,340,239 25,829,291 659,435 577,338 - 60,948 -- 2,081 4,643 2,167 168 63 31,864,338 38,209,723 830,117 870,410 -- 308 COIIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Mercury. Countries. 1887 1888 - United catty 30,390 41,856 States... yen 23,875 39,04C Chin catty 3,937 11,65 ( yen 3,329 10,568 Gre atcaty 1,125 27,675 Britain yen 900 22,965 India 5catty 562 yen - 562 Spain... catty 33,243 - (yen 26,715 - Total S catty 68,695 81,746 '"yen 54,819 -73,135 1889 62,658 64,178 19,53C 18,12' 2,25( 2,107 22,95( 21,00( 107,388 105,41C 1800 1891 68,929 73,348 66,393 68,331 1,1251 1,434 1,120; 1,265 36,5911 16,618 35, 32) 15,615 577 -! 517 2- 3,523 - 19,9.1 106,6t_45i 115,500 102,833j 105,659 Iron Nail. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belium catty 1,867,867 3,083,525 2,479,930 4,829,644 1,474,768 yen 60,19C 138,978 100,598 200,045 57,164i France.. catty 84,30C 102,477 116,335 66,676 16,521i " yen 3,149 5,234 6,211 2,486 1,310i Ger- catty 5,385,614 8,879,244 1,2,2,347 8,605,108 12,907,955 many" (yen 171,882 386,074 491,64f 355,945' 473,9981 Great catty 5,226,623 7,626,082 4,838,348 3,064.921 3,231,599i Britain yen 157,893 342,592 197,962 134,0191 121,8388 olland. catty 12,50( 30,023 48,337 - Hnolna.| tyen 335 1,13 1,831 United catty 9,031 35,625 29,175 25,725 ' 5,450 States.. yen 392 1,681 1,57c 1,297 1,864' Other cattyi ~- 77 309 - 98 Cts....yen - 12 11 5 Totl catty 12,585,935 1L,, 57,053 19,584,781 16,592,074 17,676,391i ( yen 393,841 875,709 799,841 693,7929 656,179 Iron Pipes and Tubes. Countries. 1887 1888.1889 1890 i 1891 France......... yen 2,437 7,410 4,275 4,322 663 Germany...... yen 1,344 656 7,467 295 382 Great Britain... yen 329,787 61,941 191,315 159,327 104,900 United States. yen -- 1,539 47 '2,58 - Other Countries yen 448 35 5 12; 647 Total...... yen 334.0161 71,501:l.'o 166i,536' 106,592 COMMODITIES EXPORTED lFROM cL IMPORTED TO. 309 Steel. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 | 1890 1891 Austria... att - - 3,592 - 68,572.... yen - - 185 - 9,855 Bel-i.m catty 8,400 21,880 150,599 90,224 149,510 eu * yen 168 730 6,383 4,017 6,689 France catty 1,308,347 4,453,256 1,358,115 618,074 397,693 r yen 35,553 172,348 72,227 23,371 15,429 G catty 176,153 298,596 400,183 90,317 328,102 yenl 6,018 14,974 20,673 3,948 13,153 Great catty 2,215,091 1,992,746 3,638,571 4,202,266 3,898,314 Britain... yen 97,144 107,195 191,303 162,602 201,913 Sweden and catty 79,109 69,720 160,440 - 33,516 Norway... yen 3,467 3,207 7,344 - 1,904 Other ~ catty 24,360 11,000 671, 3,751 468 Countries (yen 957 365 34 424 67 T tal. 5c&atty 3,811,460) 6,847,198Ij712 7i 5005, 63214,876,175 _ -__ (yen 143,307 298,8191 298,149 194,3621 249,010 Iron Screw. Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 56,111, and is imported chiefly from England. Iron Wire. Its value of the latest import amounts to yel 56,113, and is imported chiefly from Germany, England and Belgium. Telegrapl Wire. Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 60,286, and is imported chiefly from Germany. Steel Wire. Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 62,042, and is imported chiefly from Germany and England. Tii. Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 71,721, and is imported chiefly from Germany, England, China, India. Sheet Iron (Electro platel). Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 62,836, and is imported chiefly fiom England. 'Steel Wares. Its value of the latest import amounts to yen 77,479, and is imported chiefly from England and Germany. 310 CO1iMEI AN) INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Importers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial -N-am,.e. Namue of Princip~al Person or Owner. (-Hy6go Ken) Kanedaya........ Kaneda Sadaslhiiei...... Tomiina-a, Kisuke.. Matsuaji Kansuke.. Hirano Sei... Iforiiuoto Shinkiehi... Nakajina Yasunosuke Nau-ai Eitarb..... Naguai Gumi....... (I'6ky6 Fu) liies & Co.................. Raspe & Co......... NaigLai Yitatsu 1Kwaisha. Iseya................ Jllzuya. Suya............ Maayeda Kiyoter.. Wakiyama Kaiu........... Tanaka Hisashige Okura Kihachiri...... Minamrikawa, Fulkuz6 Mlorioka H14eiemon....... Yuasa Shichizenon......... Kuwa:,ara Shichibei...... Mlisaki Yoshinosuke... Akaganeya... COLIMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM cF IMPORTED TO. 311 Continued: Business Place. Higashidecho, Hyogo, K6be City. 3 ch6me, Sakaich,,, I ch6me, Motoch1,, 3 ch6me, Sakaich6, 2 ch6me,... Sannomiyach6, No. 15, 3 ch6me, Tsukiji, Kyobashiku. No. 14, 2 chome, Kobikich6, Ky6bashiku. No. 9, Minami Kinrokuch6, Ky6bashiku. No. 7, 2 chome, Ginza, No. 15, 4 ch6me, Bakurocho, Nihonbashiku. No. 28, 1 chome, Honzaimokuch6, Nihonbashiku. No. 10, T6ri Aburacho, No. 8, 2 ch6me, Kodemmacho, Nihonbashiku. No. 18, Zaimokucho, Kandaku. Articles of Import. Bar and rod, plate and sheet, iron, etc. Iron nails, pig, bar, and rod iron, steel, etc. Pig, bar, rod, plate, and sheet iron, and zinc, etc. Zinc. Iron nails, bar, rod, plate, and sheet iron, steel, etc. Pig, plate, sheet, bar, and rod iron, iron nail, steel, zinc, and iron wares. Iron ingot. Metals of all kinds. Iron ingot. Iron, and steel. Mercury. Bar, plate, rod, and sheet iron, and iron nail. Steel andsIron nail. All kinds of iron, zinc, tin plate, etc. Nickel, brass plate, lead, zinc, tin, etc. 312 COMMAERCE AND IND.UST'RY IN JAPAN. Continued: Commercial 'Name. Izakaya.......... Awaya. Akaganeya........ Kinokuniya....... K-ugiya.... Kawachiya......... Isakaya.... Kan6ya.... Jiuichiya...... Tetsuya.. Ky~ya............ Nodaya.... Kugiya. (Kanaggawa Ken) Kamoya.... Kamoya.......... Iwazaldya.......... Iseya............ Name of Principal Person or Owner. Kawai Hambei.... Moritomo Kaz6.... Morita Uleici..... Asai ilanshichi.. Tsuchiya Zenbei.... Takeuchi Kisabur6... * Ogawa Fusajir6........ Kawachi Sahei.... Saig6 Rokubei.... Nakamura Jiubei. Umeoka Sh~kichi. Kath Yasugor6.... Mizuhas'hi Torakichi Akiba Shichibei.... Yagishita Kura Tanaka Gi........ Yagishita Tatsuzo.... Oggaki Teitar3. Murakami Ihei....... COLMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM c IMPORTED TO. 313 Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. No. 4, 1 ch6me, Honshirokanecho, Nihonbashiku. No. 3, 1 chome, Horiech,, No. 16, 2 chome, Kodemmacho, Nihonbashiku. No. 19, Torihatagocho,, No. 27, 4 ch6me, Honkokucho, Nihonbashiku. No. 10, Kodemmauwach,,, No. 16, Moto Iwaicho, Kandaku. No. 16, 4 chome, Honkokucho, Nihonbashiku. No. 8, 3 ch6me, Koamich,,, No. 7, Shin-idsumich6, No. 28, Zaimokuch6, Kandaku. No. 16. No. 21, 3 chlme, Kodemmach6, Nihonbashiku. No. 19, 3 chome, Honzaimokucho, Nihonbashiku, No. 18, 1 chome, Bentendori, Yokohama. No. 3, 1 chome, Sakaich6, Yokohama. No. 6, 1 ch6me, Sumiyoshich6, Yokohama. No. 12, 1 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama. No. 43, 3 ch6me, Bentendori, Yokohama. Iron and copper. Iron nail, steel, zinc plates. Steel plates, nickel, tin, lead, zinc, etc. Iron nail. Iron and copper. Tin and lead. Plate and sheet iron, steel. Steel. Iron, tack, and steel. Iron nail. Steel, iron nail, and iron wire. Iron nail, tin plates. Rail iron, and pig iron. Cokes and pig iron. Copper and Iron. 314 (Th01IM1ER(CJJ AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued - Commierciald Name. Mikawaya.......... Tanakaya............ 'Mikawaya........ (Osaka Fu) Tsujimoto Branch...... Fushimiya........ (Yamiaguchi Ken) Kumamoto Sh~ten...... Name of Principal Person or Owner. Satb Masaggor6....... Tana~ka Iwakichi... Suzuki 1cbisab —)uro..... Ikedla Bunjiri5.. Yamiamoto T~isuke. Kishinmoto Ishi. Naggasawa Tomiz6.... Fujii Uhei...... Onishi T~gor5. Tsujinmoto rsuinetar.. Ushiroda Eishichi.. IUnienioto Riemon.... Ikegamii Eiz6........ Sugati Toyoz6.... Kumarnoto Eiichir6.. GOMJW11DLTIES EXPOlCIED FIOhM1 ~- IMPOITI'D TO. 315> Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. No. 74, 4 chorne, Otarnachi, IYokohama. No. 7, 1 ch6me, Otamachi, Yokoham~a. No. 25, 1 cb~me, Sakaich5, Yokohama. No. 11, 2 chi6me, S-umiyoshich6, Yokohama. I ch6me, And~jich6, N-ishiku, Osaka. L ch6me, Kawarachi3, Higashiku, Osaka.' [ ch6me, Bingoch6, Higashiku, Osaka. 2 ch6me, Minamikiuh6jich6i, Higashiku, Osaka. I cb~me, And6jich5, Higashiku, Osaka. t ch~me, Minamikiutaroch,5, Higashiku, Osaka. I ch~me, Honch6, Higoashiku, Osaka. Ich~me, Bingochb, Higashiku, Osaka. I ch~me, Binogocha, Higashiku, Osaka rachiuribori, N-ishiku, Osaka. Kftaibashitsumech6, Iligashiku, Osaka. Kwanonzakich6, Akamagaseki City. Copper and iron. Steel, and bar, rod, pig-, plate, sheet iron. Bar, rod, pig, plate, and sheet', iron. Bar, rod and pig iron. Bar and rod iron. Bar and rod iron. Iron nail. Mercury. Iron pipes and rail iron, etc. 316 COMM,03ERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CLASS 11. CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTS, DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHICAL INSTRUMENTS, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS, COPYING MACHINERY, MICROSCOPE, THERMOMETERS, STEAM VESSELS, SAILING VESSELS, ANCHORS, CHAIN CABLES, CORDAGE FOR RIGGING, BALANCES AND SCALES, CRUCIBLES, CUTTERY, GRINDSTONES, IMPLEMENTS OF FARMERS, IMPLEMENTS OF CARPENTERS, SMITHS, ETC., MINING MACHINERY, PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY, PRINTING MACHINERY, SEWING MACHINERY, SPINNING MACHINERY, TELEGRAPHIC MIACHINERY, WEAVING MACHINERY, PUMPS, TEAMILESTEAM BOIER, STEAENGINE, SAWING MACHINERY, FIREENGINES, BAROMETERS, CLOCKS, FIELD OR MARINE COMPASS, OPERA OR FIELD GLASSES, SPECTACLES, WATCHES, TELESCOPE, IRON RAIL-ROD, CARRIAGES AND PARTS OF, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, CARTS OR DRAGS FOR CONVEYANCE OF GOODS, AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES. Spinning Machine. Countiies. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France...... yen 8,066 13,663 33,916 24,818 2,205 Germany... yen - 63,157 6,553 46,638 Other Countries... yen 307 - - 900 213 Total... yen 124,973 1, 109,895 870.531 1,065,607( 522,655 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4 IMPORTED TO. 317 Iron Rail-rod. Countries.. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgi. catty - 37,860 4,426,712 4,271,268 959,092 egm yen - 86 84,884 84,050 20,973 France catty - - 16,573 135,774 - yen 410 2,752 - G catty 22,663,161 9,924,783 2,180,660 10,906,712 8,110,459 ermany yen 311,204 202,424 38,456 277,576 195,164 Great catty 27,358,787 77,038,777 34,540,251 41,443,521 26,641,933 Britain yen 341,580 1,259,144 563,120 894,383 484,401 Other catty 44,886 - - 22,463 - Cts. yen 750 - - 619 - Tota catty 50,066,834 87,001,420 41,164,196 56,779,738 35,711,484 yen 653,534 1,462,428 686,870 1,259,380 700,538 Railway Carriages. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium... yen - 4,656 6,238 243 Germany... yen 11,432 9,735 47,801 64,706 28,030 Great Britain. yen 30,604 116,177 390,558 570,300 219,050 United States.... yen - 2,816 6,173 - 12,332 Total... yen 42.,36 133,384 450,770 635,249 259,412 Locomotive-engine. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium... yen - - - 55,016 - Germany... yen - - - 81,260 33,358 Great Britain. yen 95,523 277,449 256,485 474,740 507,737 United States.. yen - 23,748 27,659 48,588 54.379 Total... yen 95,523 301,197 284,144 659,604 595,474 318 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Mining Machinery and Parts of Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium......yen 3,739 - - Germany... yen 6,663 16,358 ',227 2,259 35,295 Great Britain yen 3,565 7,334 15,416 43,455 26,592 United States yen 15,834 24,479 32,185 49.858 91,058 Total......yen 26,06 51,9101 56,828 95,o7?z 152,944 Steam Boiler and Engine. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium......yen 2,000 5,076 - - - France......yen 43 16,848 10,421 36,218 8,921 Germany... yen 4,412 13,063 23,878 24,565 744 Great Britain.. yen [112,885 288,227 578,182 253,920 121,973 Holland...... yen - 1,110 - - United States.. yen 20,036 26,669 20,402 30,314 4,691 Total......yen 139,37 6 350,9933 6i32,83.1 345,017 -136,329 Steam Vessels. Countries. Corea, *... yen France..., Germany NO. yen Great No. Britain " yen Holland. yen yen United No. States. yen Other No. Cts....... yen Total..o.~ (yen 1887 1888 1889 34,000 - 1 - - 25,000 - - 9 9 8 464,125 1,193,497 1,078,864 - 2 - - 78,750 - _ - 1 -16,00 5,500 II ( i K) -t) 523,125 1,272,247! 1,100,364 1890 1891 1 - 560 - - 3 - 151,200 6 3 616,424 519,870 2 116,000 - 9 6 732,984 671,070 COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM,* IMPORTED TO. 319 Watches. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 France. No. 3,958 15,409 17,455 4,593 3,360 France... yen 12,493 48,594 46,601 15,157 16,697 Germany No. 556 7,576 890 94 28 Ge any yen 1,945 43,284 2,578 391 228 Great Britain. No. 792 1,005 1,613 955 313 yen 2,453 4,540 5,035 5,185 1,336 ItalyNo. 872 84 - - - Italy yen 3,092 489 - - - No. 66,166 75,015 103,469 130,043 68,543 Switzerland yen 321,069 444,606 523,020 662,140 392,522 United No. O 1,960 55,001 5,926 4,650 3,072 States...... yen 27,757 163,076 69,815 52,059 30,823 Other y No. 32 - - - - Countries... yen 90 - - - - Total... No. 74,3f61 154,090 129,353 140,335 75,316 ot. yen 368,899 704,589 647,049 734,932 441,606 Clock. Countries. France...... yeno. Germany...... Great Britain... No. yen Switzerland... N O.~ United No. States...... yen Other No. Countries... yen Total.. I en 1887 1888 1,042 507 4,474 2,914 1,728 6,551 2,192 8,019 1,286 1,787 5,877 5,286 77,593 89,611 160,719 252,238 299 133 650 521 81,948 98,589 173,911 268,978 1889 1890 1891 1,236 310 82 13,197 2,908 859 13,648 14,867 13,490 27,274 20,019 12,498 814 646 169 1,317 3,345 1,909 164 5 10 1,145 338 20 113,514 101,420 69,073 302,244 265,444 175,375 100 7 38 175 31 248 12y,i, U 117,255 82,s62 345,3521 292,085 190,909 Papermcingery The total value of the latest import amounts to 59,111 yen, and is chiefly imported from the United States of America. Cordage of The total value of the latest import Rigging. amounts to 68,526, and a chiefly imported from Hongkong and Philippine Group. 3 20 COMMERCE.AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Importers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. Name of Pri~ncipal Person or Owner. (N —agasaki Ken) Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.... (T~ky6 Fu) Mosley and Co......... Sasuga and Co. Illeis and Co. RHaspe and Co......... Mlayoshi's Workshop of A-11 Electrical Instruments. Waei Sh~kwai........ Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.... Okura Gumi Naigai Y~tatsu Kwaisha.... Tamaya.......... 1washiya,.... Konaishi.......... Takata and Co......... Takag~i.... Kaseya.... Kaneko Yaichi, (Head).... Ishi z awa Tatsu o...... Sasuga Ch~suke Maeda Kiyoteru.... Wakiyamait Kaku...... Miyoshi Sh~ichi Tanaka Hisashige.... Iwata Takeo.... Mitsuli Y~nosuke Okura liihachiir6 (Head).. Miyata Thzaemuon...... Matsumoto Gihei...... Sugiura, lokuemion..... Takata Shinz6........ Takagi Daigora........ Murai Tomoshichi.... COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM c IMPORTED TO. 321 Continued: Business Place. Uragot6machi, Nagasaki City. CT6kyo. 3 chome, Ginza, Ky6bashiku, No. 17,. No. 15, 3 chome, Tsukiji, No. 14, 2 ch6me, Kobikicho, Ky6bashiku No. 2, Mitashikokumachi, Shibaku. No. 9, Minamikinrokucho, Ky6 -bashiku. No. 14, Hiyoshicho, Kyobashiku. No. 5, Kabutoch6, Nihonbashiku. No. 7, 2 chome, Ginza, Kyobashiku. No. 14, 4 chome, Ginza 3 chome, Honcho, Nihonbashiku, No. 18,2 ch6me, Honcho, Nihonbashiku. No. 18, 3 eh6me, Ginza, Ky-6 bashiku. No. 4, 2 chome, Yokoyamacho, Nihonbashiku. No. 19, 2 ch6me, T6ri,,, Articles of Import. All kinds of machines, instruments, etc.,, All kinds of electrical, railway, and mining instrument, apparatus, etc., and cordages. All kinds of instrument, apparatus, etc. All kinds of instruments, apparatus, etc., made of iron. Electrical instruments, apparatus, etc., and submarine cable. Electrical instruments, apparatus, etc., and their materials. Metallic instruments, apparatus, etc., rail and railway carriages. All kinds of instruments, apparatus, etc. All kinds of instruments, apparatus, etc., and dyeing, instruments, etc. All kinds of instruments, etc. surveying instruments. Medical Photographic instruments, apparatus, etc. Photographic Lithographic instruments, apparatus, etc. All instruments, apparatus, etc., and their materials. Clocks and watches.,,0 322 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued:Comeri Name of Principal Person Commercial:Same.. or Owner. Omiya................. Takano Shiukichi...... Kyoya............... Mizuno Iwaz... Fujita Shoten......... Fujita Imasabur...... Hattori Kintar5...... Onishi Branch........... Onishi Fusa......... Tenshod6.......... Egawa Kingor........ Tamaya............... Miyata Tozaemon...... (Osaka Fu) Yasuda Genzabur......... Oka Sue.......... iitade Sakujir5......... Shibuya Oshiun......... Tesa Zenshichi......... CLASS 12. CATTLES, HOUSES, DONKEYS, SHEEP, FOWLS, OTHER ANIMALS, PLANTS, SHRUBS, HERBS, CORAL, AMBER, INDIARUBBER WARE, LAMP, JEWELRY, COPPER WARE, BRUSHES, FURNITURES, MATCHES, PERFUMED WATER, HAIR OILS, OTHER COSMETICS AND PERFUMERIES, PICTURES, SADDLERY, SHOE-BLACKING, SOAP, TEA BASKETS, TRUNKS, UMBRELLA, UMBRELLA STICKS AND HANDLES, WASTE COTTON, WASTE COTTON YARN, FISHING GUTS, DRIED SARDINE FOR MANURE, FUNORI, RAW INDIA RUBBER, SHEET INDIA RUBBER, OIL-CAKES, SPONGES, MAPS, BOOKS, PENCILS, PRINTING INK, AND OTHER STATIONERY, BAMBOO, STONES, TIMBERS, RATTAN, RASETTA WOOD, ROSETTA WOOD WARE, CHALK AND WRITING, CLAY, OAKUM, CORKS, CO3MMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 323 Continued: Business Place. Articles of Import. No. 9, 3 chome, T6ri,, No. 4,4 chome, Ginza, Kyobashiku. No. 17, 2 chome, Owarich,,, No. 2, 4 chome, Ginza,,, No. 16, Shinnorimonocho, Nihonbashiku. No. 18, 2 chome, Owaricho, Kyobashiku. No. 14, 4 chome, Ginza,,, 5 chome, Fushimich, Higashiku, Osaka. I chome, Hiranocho, Higashiku, Osaka. I chome, TobutsuchS, Higashiku, Osaka. I ch6me, Minamikyiihojicho, Higashiku, Osaka. 4 chome, Hiranocho, Higashiku, Osaka. Clocks and watches.,, I, 9) 9,, All kinds of watches, and clocks BRICKS AND TILES, CEMENT, COAL, COKES, CANNON, GUN, CARTRIDGE, DYNAMITE, IMPLEMENTS OF HUNTING, FIREWORKS, GUNPOWDER, WINDOW GLASS, PLATE GLASS, LOOKING GLASS, BROKEN AND POWDER GLASS, GLASS BEADS, GLASS WARE, EARTHEN WARE, AND PORCELAIN WARE, ANIMAL BONE, KINGFISHER AND PEACOCK FEATHERS, FURS, ANIMAL HAIR, HUMAN HAIR, BUFFALOES AND Cow HIDES, HOOF,p BUFFALO AND COW HORNS, DEER HORN, RHINOCEROS HORN, SOLE LEATHER, OTHEA LEATHER, DEER SKINS, SANBA OR CEROUS ELEPUS SKINS, TEETH CF ELEPHANT, NARWHALTEETH, SEA-HORSE TEETH, TORTOISE-SHELL, TORTOISE-SHELL WARE, IVORY WARE, JETC. 324 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Coal. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 China.. ton - - - 13 yen - - - 34 3 ton 150 - - Germany yen 1,200 - - Great. ton 11,463 3,902 4,394 11,142 14,716 Britain... yen 63,935 26,240 39,425 108,920 142,134 United ton 3 405 90 244 150 States... yen 15 3,641 590 1,526 754 Other ton 25 - 3 - Countries. yen 125 - - 18 - Total... ton 11,641 4,307 4,4 84 11,402 14,870 ' yen 65,275 29,881 40,015 110,498 142,918 Cannon. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Belgium...yen 781- - France... No. - - - 3 15' yeFrance... _ _ 104,29 35,111 Germany N... j 7 3 - yen 76,746i 218 - - - Great 34 8 - 3 4i Britain... yen 51,148| 20,094 - 30,633 64,106j Italy.... en -- - yen - - 1,115! No. 42 11 -, 6 21 Total yen 128,675| 20,312 - 134,9311 100,332; Oil-cake. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 catty 18,882,618 12,480,573 14,411,668 13,271,689 25,728,71,5! yen 229,116 161,849 198,201 189,397 350,816 Corea atty 73,047 277,807 413,815 488,029j 559,4861 yen 570 2,343 3,752 4,767 5,117 Other catty - - - 9,668 3,509 Cts..yen - - - 132, 56 Total. catty 18,955,665 [1,758,380 14,825,483 13,769,38626,291,740i otal en 229,686 164.192{ 201,953 194,296, 355,989 COJMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM ' IMPORTED TO. 325 India Rubber Ware. Countries. Austria......yen Belgium......yen China......yen France......yen Germany......yen Great Britain... yen Italy........yen United States...yen Other Countries yen Total......yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 - 381 - - - -13 756 310 540 1,216 - - - - 12,088 10,516 19,227 18,508 15,391 12,086 25,166 14,662 30,044 44,657 35,135 46,982 54,899 44,774 44,369 - - 33 173 1,093 3,947 9,167 6,142 5,810 16,001 - 83 - 26 22.,! 64.472 92,308 95,719 99,675 122,072. Rooks. Countries. No. Austria... yen Belgium... y British No. America... yen British No. India... yen China....No. ' (yen Corea...... y France... S (yen Germany... yen Great N o. Britain... yen Hawaii NSo. t' (yen Holland. 5j o ' yen Hongkong... yen Italy...... o. ussia yen Russia.... {yen 1887 1888 1889 ' 1890 1891 I 50 40 94 24 1,097 313 98 98 5,360 1,214 30 3 10,255 6,854 25,738 19,573 211,770 61,235 400 300.~ sx! iUl 54 271 11( 8,17E 5,85'7 3,798 1,038 10,720 8,70C 24,090 18,647 141,146 67,574 310 10 32 16 203 203 1,318 55' 2,946 378 8,926 7,269 26,13C 24,018 93,966 50,712 1 5 103 103 20 21.I 12' 83, 2,101 674 374 170 3,969 438 30 6 22,727 12,114 25,654 20,655 79,059 45,929 -! 20 50 80 40 50 7,467 880 100 25 10,317 5,241 27,444 21,523 85,730 39,922 103 205 298 125 2 1 35 24 91 112 8 5 6 6 217 203 326 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. No. Spain.'... Sweden yen. United No. States... yen Other No. Countries. yen Total... yen 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 - - 59 - - -50 - - 151 2 20 82 98 36 10 888i 21! 229,5591 136,183 104,645 57,8961 64,835 114,5661 79,995' 55,654 39,530i 37,5231 1,756 520! 295 5201 168 1,660i 268 125 98i 43 486,228i 325,256 238,669 2 193 7,342t 205,9221 182,472 139,119 119,926 105,8901 WVindow Glass. Countries. yenox Belgium '"oxe France... t.Box Germany... yBo Great Britain Box Holland....ox......yen Other 5 Box Countries. yen Total......Box * ~(-TI~r 1887 29,315 58,636 1,944 3,499 4,419 7,101 24,997 44,998 1,250 1,841 1888 1889 1890 1891 35,036 82,071 50,278 77,859 85,516 185,734 125,642 196,035 1,087 309 1 102 3,281 1,148 2 297 3,377 5,790 17,070 19,293 7,398 12,441 39,903 44,464 25,576 22,612 14,442 25,257 59,482 55,008 37,091 59,364 1,738 1,000 - - 5,318 2,916 - I - 66,9814 111,7183 81,791 122,511 160,995 257.249 202,638 300,160| 61,925 116,075 Sole Leather. --- Countries. 1887 China.... catty 11,C641 y China. y 2,868 Eas In a 3- catty] 502,544 East India... tt(tyen 502,544 1yea 122,753 France catt. y yen Great Britain catty 4,91.catty 4,921 Great Bta yen 1,685 UniTTed4t e catty 418,834 UnitedStates yn 132,887 1888 1889 1890 1891 18,044 17,579 38,815' 110,198 3,883 3,286 7,857 19,565 384,7 1 4.61,076 346,850 292,248 85,807 95,448 69,870 57,5791 1,679 -- - 1,503 - 3,580 4,199 1,285. 3,6041 1,2141 1,247 3221 810k 505,1631 542,514 447,1161 491,6281 197,6161 205,791 155,149i 165,094'; COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4' IMPORTED TO. 327 Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Other catty 815 346 29,207 2,852 1,841 Countries ' (yen 245 640 5,149 1,183 456 Total catty 938,778 913,531 1,054,575 836,9181 899,51ti y'en 260,437 290,663 310,921 234,381 243,5041 '- Hides-Buffalo & Cow. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Australia. catty - - 52,815 14,831 uyen - - - 2,869 1,001 China.. catty 103,721 166,127 405,551 439,078 397,911 yen 15,947 22,274 54,793 60,198 54,856 C(ora... catty 2,292,215 1,521,117 1,502,306 1,004,997 1,136,272 yen 364,606 240,979 241,750 173,061 '199,312 East In... catty 58,003 115,309 114,721 28,946 13,554 yen 8,308 15,396 13,867 3,727 1,592 Germay.. catty 8,798 6,819 - 705 yen - 1,924 1,339 - 117 Hongkong.. c atty - 7,477 5,943 yen - 1,204 881 - Rusi catty 23,546 72 12,658 5,829 1,797 yen 3,297 9 1,813 790 257 United catty - - - 7,523 17,338 States... yen - - - 2,145 5,919 Other catty 226 7,609 45,064 1,264 14,732 Countries.. yen 11 1,110 6,218 105 2,250 Total. catty 2,477,71 i1,819,032 2,094,596 1,546,395 1,597,140 y en 392,169 281,692 320,984 243,776 265,304 All Kinds of Leather. Countries. Belgium. catty yen China... catty yen East India... catty yen France... catty yen Germany catty yen 1887 2,635 2,896 229,338 109,819 707,685 266,674 15,302 16,92( 30,431 34,655 1888 1,601 2,051,270,455 130,32e 662,064 231,50C 15,853 20,734 40,298 64,024 1889 211,636 98,807 277,677 131,079 10,488 11,349 33,477 51,982 1890 221,986 264,936 146,554 12,685 12,461 33,932 50,951 1891 186,905 84,456 313,003 187,223 5,886 7,910 27,644 40,947, 328 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Countries. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Great Britain atty 17,172 12,924 16, 110 21,552 21,901 yen 19,058 19,701 21,798 19,883 24,36 H catty - - 34,019 1,414 - Hongkong... catty _ 'nyen - - 15,843 781 catty - - - 206 3,496 yen - - -.... 140 2,299 Switzerland catty 345 700 1,070 1,038 - yen 620 1,240 1,952 1,715 - United catty 181,840 119,791 172,644 164,583 100,21 States '"yen 79,941 56,975 78,653 68,401 51,657 Other catty 1,165 387 17,989 9,585 27,05 Countries" yen 819 272 7,865 4,230 13,028 Total catty 1,185,913 1,124,073 775,110 731,917 686,lu5 yen 531,396 526,822 419,328 418,469 410,989 Tortoise-Shell. The total value of the latest import amounts to 54,710, chiefly from British India and other countries. coral. The total value of the latest import amounts to 79,448, chiefly from Italy. I(frie Sarille The total value of the latest import (for,Mlature). amounts to 97,196, chiefly from Corea. Timlber avd Planks. The total value of the latest import amounts to 56,093, chiefly from United States of America and Siam. Rattaln. The total value of the latest import amounts to 55,437, chiefly from China. cement. The total value of the latest import amounts to 47,439, chiefly from Germany and Great Britain. Gunpowder. The total valte of the latest import amounts to 66,518, chiefly from Germany.. Dynanite. The total value of the latest import amounts to 66,878, chiefly from Geriiany and Great Britain. COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM 4- IMPORTED TO. 329 Directory of the Importers of the Above Mentioned Articles. Commercial Name. (T~ky6 Fu), Suzukiya........ llies & Co............. Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha. Maruzen Sh6kwai.... Iseya..................... Nozawagumi Sh~kwai Okuragumi.............. Naigaiy~tatsu Kwa-isha Ikedaya................... Omiya.................... Minoya................... Yorozuya.... Tsuchiya........ Yamatoya......... Tsuchiya,..... Omiya's Branch............ Tokushimaya.... Owariya........ Suzukiya............ -Name of P'rincipal Person or Owner. Suzuki Seibei.... Mayeda Kiyoteru... Mitsui Y,5nosuLke.... Matsumoto Tetsusabur6. Miye, Yosabur6............. Oyagi Genjir6.............. Okura Kihacliir& (Head) Koyama Unosuke........ Iwaya Seijir6.... Arai Genjir6 Tajima Jyemon............. Tsuji K~suke........ Tanaka Jisuke.............. Kobayashi Tabei........... Koizumi Kiushichi.... Hanai Seikichi.............. Akiin-oto Genya.... Mu rakami Bunshichi...... 'Fasbhi'ro Yoshi.jir6.. Takamiatsu Kiehiz.6..,....... Suzuki Seibei........ 330 COMMIERCE ANVD INDUSTRY INV JAPAN. Continued: I Business place. Articles of Import. I No. 14, 4 ch~me, Tachibanacb5,.Nihonhashiku No. 15, 3 ch6me, Tsukiji, Kiobashik-u No. 5, IKabutoch5, 'Nihonbashiku No. 14, 3 chline, T6ri, No. 7, 3 ch~me, Ginza, Kiobashika No. 6, 'Nakabaslil Hirok6ji, No. 7, 2 ch~me, Ginza, No. 4, Sakaich6, 'Nihonbashiku No. 15, 2 ch6me, Odemmach6,, No. 9, 3 ch~me, Ginza, Kiobashiku No. 1, 3 ch~ime, Mlinamidemmach6, Kipbashiku No. 9, 2 ch~me, Honkokuch6, Nihonbashiku No. 9, Riogaecli6 No. 11, ToriaburachK No. 1, 1 ch6me, Tori, No. 127, Imnadoch6, Asakusaku No. 1, Miyoshich6, No. 3, Minamimotoch6, No. 1, 2 ch6rne, Kodemlmach6, Nihonbashiku No. 4,3 ch6me, Yokoyamach6,,, -No. 11, 4 ch~me, Tachibanach6, -Nihonbashiiku Foreign fancy goods. Sun-nries. Fancy goods. Books. Sundries. Sundries, and f ancy goods. Sundries. Glass, window-glass, and all kinds of looking-glasses. Leather. Glass, window-glass, and all kinds of looking-glass. Leather. COMAMODITIiLS EXPORTED FROM 4- IM1POliTED TO0. 331 Continueoi Commrcia 'Nae. Name of Principat Commecial ame.Person or Owner. (hKanagawa Jlien) Omiya..... Salkuragnumn.... Yoshidaya....... Matsukiya.... Nakajimaya.......... Iseya............ Yorozuya,...... (Hy6go Ken) Tawaraya. Yamatoya........ Kiya.... NagaIg0umi.. (Nagasaki Ken) Iijima EitarO5... Moriyania Sashichi Matsushita Tomiojir6 (Mlanager.) Sekido Jiutar6, Iwaoka Taijiir6........ Suzuki Benza.. Takenaka Wasuko.. Aoyagi Jiuntar6........ Tsuji K~suke...... -Naganami Toyosuke...... Iwai Bunsuke.... Ono-N-aosbichi........ Taniguchi MVotonosuke Iwai Matsunosuke...... Iwata Mitsuz6.... Hata Gimbei...... Makino Yoshinosuke.... Hashimoto Mlatajiro. Udono Chiushichi Nagai Eitar6 Kikuchi Kisabur6 Inamiatsu Matsunosuke. 332 C0OM-MUC-E AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Continued: Business place. Articles of Import. Yokohamia No. 41, 2 ch~me, Bentend~ri, Yokohama -No. 19, 2 chanme, AioichK No. 19, 4 ch~me, Kaigandfri,, No. 19, 1 ch~me, Otamachi, No. 12, 1 ch6ine, Aioich6, No. 34,2 ch6mie, Bentend6ri, 1 ch~3me, Minami Horieshitad6ri, 'Nishiku, Osaka, 4 ch~3me, Mlina~mi Kiutaxr~ch6, Higasbiku, Osaka Kitakiiuh~jich6, Higasbiku, 3 ch~une, DMsbiuchK Higasbiku, Osaka Nisbihamach6I, 'Nishinariog6ri 3 ch~ime, Sa-kaich6, K~ibe 4 ch~me, Kaigan, Sannoniiyachi3, Forig(,-',n fancy goods. Sundri es. Oil-cke Wvindow glass. Oil-cake. Ox & Cow Hjides. Kabaghirnacb6, Nagasaki Ura~vot~icb6, CUSTOM iOUSA, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 333: CHAPTER IV. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. The origin of the Customs Tariff of the Empire can be traced back to the time when the duty, under the title of "Unjo," was levied on the commodities imported and exported in the trade with Holland and China. In June 1858, when the treaty of friendship and commerce was concluded with theUnited States and the rates of tariff established, Holland, Great Britain, France, Russia, Portugal, Prussia, Switzerland and other countries soon after followed. The Revised Tariff Convention was exchanged between Great Britain, France, the United States and Holland in 1867, and a new regulation of tariff was thereupon established, the articles of which als) bound all the other treaty powers. Thenceforward though the several revisions were made, the customs tariff now in force had its origin, in this period. Herewith the Revised Tariff Convention and the Import Tariff. THE TARIFF CONVENTION, SIGNED AT YEDO, IN THE ENGLISH, FRENCH, DUTCH, AND JAPANESE: LANGUAGES ON THE 25TH DAY OF JUNE, 1866. THE Representatives of Great Britain, France, the United States of America, and Holland, having received from their respective Governments identical instructions for the modification of the Tariffi 334 COMMERCE AVD INYDUSTRY IA JAPAY. of import and Export Duties, contained in the Trade Regulations annexed to the Treaties concluded by the aforesaid Powers with the Japanese Government in 1858, which modification is provided for by the VIlth of those Regulations:And the Japanese Government having given the said Representatives, during their visit to Osaka in November 1805, a written engagement to proceed immediately to the Revision of the Tariff in question on the general basis of a duty of five per cent on the value of all articles Imported or Exported: — And the Government of Japan being desirous of affording a fresh proof of their wish to promote trade and to cement the friendly relations which exist between their country and foreign nations:His EXCELLENCY MIDZUNO IDZUMv/I NO KAMI, a Member of the Gorojiu and a Minister of Foreign Affairs, has been furnished by the Government of Japan with the necessary powers to conclude with the Representatives of the above named four Powers, that is to say; Of Great Britain:SIR HARRY S PAREES, Knight Commander of the most Honorable Order of the Bath, Her Britanic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan; Of France:MONSIEUR LEON ROCHEs, Commander of the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honor, Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of the French in Japan; Of the United States of America:A. L. C. PORTMAN, Esquire, Charge d'Affairs ad interim; And of Holland: MONSIEUR DIRK DE GRAEFF VAN POLSBROEK, Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Political Agent and Consul-General of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands: The following Convention comprising Twelve Articles. ARTICLE I.-The contracting parties declare in the names of their respective Governments that they accept, and they hereby do formally accept as binding on the subjects of their respective CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 335 Sovereigns, and on the citizens of their respective count'ies, the Tariff hereby established and annexed to the present convention. This Tariff is substituted not only for the original Tariff attached to the Treaties concluded with the above-named four Powers, but. also for the special Conventions and arrangements relative to the same Tariff which have been entered into at different dates up to this time between the Governments of Great Britain, France, and the United States on one side, and the Japanese Government on the other. The new Tariff shall come into effect in the port of Kanagawa (Yokohama) on the 1st day of July.next, and in the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate on the 1st day of the following month. ARTICLE II.-The Tariff attached to this Convention being incorporated from the date of its signature in the Treaties concluded between Japan and the above named four Powers, is subject to revision on the 1st day of July, 1872. Two years, however, after the signing of the present Convention, ainy of the contracting parties, on giving six nlonths' notice to the others, may claim a re-adjustment of the duties on Tea and Silk,on the basis of 5 per cent on the average value of those articles during the years last preceding. On the demand also of any of the contracting parties, the duty on timber may be changed from an ad valorem to a specific rate six months after the signature of this Convention. ARTICLE III.-The Permit fee, hitherto levied under the VIth Regulation attached to the above-named Treaties, is hereby abolished. Permits for the landing or shipment of cargo will be required as formerly, but will hereafter be issued free of charge. ARTICLE: IV.-On and from the 1st day of July next, at the port of Kanagawa (Yokohama),and on and from the 1st day of October next, at the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate, the Japanese Government will be prepared to warehouse imported goods, oa the application cf the importer or owner, without payment of duty. The Japanese Government will be responsible for the safe custody of the goods, so long as they remain in their charge, and will adopt all the precautions necessary to render them insurable against fire. 336 COMMERCE AND i2VDUSTIY IN;APA2N. When the importer or the owner wishes to remove the goods from the wherehouse, he must pay the duties fixed by the Tariff, but if he should wish to re-export them, he may do so without payment of duty. Storage charges will in either case be paid on delivery of the goods. The amount of those charges, together with the regulations necessary for the management of the said Warehouses will be established by the common consent of the contracting parties. ARTICLE V.-All articles of Japanese production may be conveyed from any place in Japan to any of the Ports open to foreign trade, free of any tax or transit duty other than the usual tollslevied equally on all traffic, for the maintenance of roads or navigation. ARTICLE VI.-In conformity with those articles of the Treaties concluded between Japan and Foreign Powers, which stipulate for the circulation of foreign coin at its corresponding weight in native coin of the same description, dollars have hitherto been received at the Japanese Costom-house in payment of duties at their weight in Boos (commonly called Itchiboos), that is to say, at the rate of Three Hundred and Eleven Boos per Hundred Dollars. The Japanese Government, being however desirous to alter this practice and to abstain from all interferrence in the exchange of native for foreign coin, and being also anxious to meet the wants both of native and foreign commerce, by securing an adequate issue of native coin, have already determined to enlarge the Japanese Mint so as to admit of the Japanese Government exchanging into native coin of the same intrinsic value, less only the cost, of coinage, at the places named for this purpose, all foreign coin or buillion in gold or silver that may at any time be tendered to them by foreigners or Japanese; It being essential however to the execution of this measure, that the various powers with whom Japan has concluded Treaties should first consent to modify the stipulations in those Treaties which relate to the currency, the Japanese Government wiil at once propose to those Powers theadoption of the necessary modification in the said stipulations, CUSTOM HO USE, MlNISTER, AND COSNUL. 337 and, on receiving their concurrence, will be prepared from the 1st of January 1868, to carry above measure into effect. The rates to be charged as the cost of coinage shall be determined hereafter, by the common consent of the contracting parties. ARTICLE VII.-In order to put a stop to certain abuses and inconveniences complained of at the open Ports, relative to the transaction of business, at the Custom-house, the landing and shipping of cargoes, and the hiring of boats, coolies, servants, &c., the contracting parties have agreed that the Governor at each open port shall at once enter into negotiations with the Foreign Consuls, with a view to the establishment, by mutual consent, of such regulations as shall effectually put an end to those abuses and inconveniences and afford all possible facility and security both to the operations of trade and to transactions of individuals. It is hereby stipulated that in order to protect merchandise from exposure to weather, these regulations shall include the covering in at each port of one or more of the landing places used by foreigners for landing or shipping cargo. ARTICLE VII[.-Any Japanese subject shall be free to purchase, either in the open ports of Japan or abroad, every description of sailing or steam vessel intended to carry either passengers or cargo; but ships of war may only be obtained under the authorization of the Japanese Government. All foreign vessels purchased by Japanese subjects shall be registered as Japanese vessels, on payment of a fixed duty of three Boostper ton for steamers, and one Boo per ton for sailing vessels. The tonnage of each vessel shall be proved by the Foreign Register of the ship, which shall be exhibited through the Consul of the party interested, on the demand of the Japapese authorities, and shall be certified by the Consul as authentic. ARTICLE IX.-In conformity with the Treaties concluded between Japan and the aforesaid Powers and with the special arrangements made by the Envoys of the Japanese Governmient, in their note the British Government of the 6th of June, 1862, and in their note to the French Government of the 6th of October of 338 COMMERCE AiVD INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. the same year, all the restrictions on trade and intercourse with foreigners and Japanese alluded to in the said notes, have been entirely removed, and proclamations to this effect have been published by the Government of Japan. The latter, however, do not hesitate to declare, the Japanese merchants and traders of all classes are at liberty to trade directly, and without the interferrence of Government officers, with foreign merchants, not only at the open ports of Japan, but also in all Foreign Countries, on being authorized to leave their country in the manner provided for in Article X. of the present Convention, without being subject to higher taxation by the Japanese Government, than that levied on the native trading classes of Japan in their ordinary transactions with each other. And they further declare that all Daimios, or persons in the employ of Daimios, are free to visit, on the same conditions, any foreign country, as well as all the open ports of Japan, and to trade there with foreigners as they please, without the interferrence of any Japanese officer, provided always they submit to the existing Police Regulations and to the payment of the established duties. ARTICLE X.-All Japanese subjects may ship goods to or from any open port in Japan, or to and from the ports any Foreign Power, either in vessels owned by Japanese, or in the vessels of any nation having a Treaty with Japan. Furthermore, on being provided with passports through the proper Department of the Government, in the manner specified in the Proclamation of the Japanese Government, dated the twenty-third day of May, 1866, all Japanese subjects may travel to any foreign country for purposes of study or trade. They may also accept employment in any capacity on board the vessels of any nation having a Treaty with Japan. Japanese in the employ of foreigners may obtain Government passports to go abroad on application to the Governor of any open port. ARTICLE X[.-The Government of Japan will provide all the ports open to Foreign trade with such Lights, Buoys, or Beacons CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AMD CONSUL. 339 as may be necessary to render secure the navigation of the approaches to the said ports. ARTICLE XII.-The undersigned being of opinion that it is unnecessary that this convention should be submitted to their respective Governments for ratification before it comes into operation, it will take effect on and from the first day of July, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. Each of the contracting parties having obtained the approval of his Government to this Convention, shall make known the same to the others, and the communication in writing of this approval, shall take the place of a formal exchange of ratifications. In witness whereof the above-named Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention and have affixed thereto their seals Done at Yedo in the English, French, Dutch, and Japanese languages, this twenty-fifth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. [L. S.] HARRY S. PAKKES. Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenilpotentiary, in Japan. [L. S.] LEON ROCHES, Mfini-stre Plenipotentiare de S. 31. L'Empereur des Francais, au Japon. iL. S.] A. L. C. PORTMAN, Charge d'Affairs a. i. of the United States, in Japan. [L. S.] D DE GRAAFF VAN POLSBROEK, Politiek Agent en Consul-General der iederlanden in Japan. [L. S.] MIZDUNO IDZUMI No KAMI. Import Tariff, CLASS I.-SPECIFIC DUTIES. C Article. Per. Boos. Changed to silver coin. Vn XLo Alum............. Betel-nut............ Brass Buttons......... Candles............ Canvas and Cotton Dnck Cigars............... Cloves and Mother Cloves Cochineal............ Cordage............ Cotton-Raw......................................................................................................................... ~............ ~~ 100 catties. Gross. 100 catties. 10 yards. catty. 100 catties. 10 yards.,,,, 10 yards.,,,,,.I 15 45 22 25 25 25 30 30 25 25 U10 145 6G71 723 080 080 322 752 402 402 21 C COTTON MANUFACTURES. Shirtings, Grey, White, and Twilled: White, Spotted or Figured Drills and Jeans; White Brocades, T-Cloths, Cambrics, Muslins, Lawns, Dimities, Quilting, Cottonets-all the above Goods, Dyed, Printed Cottons. Chintzes and Furnitures: A. Not exceeding 34 inches wide............ B.,, 40............... C. 46.. D. Exceeding 46,,............. 071. 084 1o 4I4 024 028 C32 036 I I Taffachelass, not exceeding 31 inches............ exceeding 31 in. and not exceeding 43 in. Fustians, as Cotton Velvets, Velveteens, Satins, Sattinets, and Cotton Damask, not exceeding.40 inches...... Ginghams, not exceeding 31-inches.............. - 43,,...... Handkerchiefs.......................... Singlets and Drawers....... Table Cloths..................... Cotton Thread-Plain or Dyed, in Reel or Ball...... Cotton Yarn-Plain or Dyed............... Cntch............................. Feathers-Kingfisher, Peacock, &c............... Flints................................ Gam bier................................ Gamboge............................... Glass -window............................. Glue................ Gum Benjamin and Oil of do..........,, Dragons' Blood, Myrrh, Olibanum -....... Gypsum............................................... Hides-Buffalo and Cow................ Horns-Buffalo and Deer.................. -Rhinoceros...................... H oofs.................................... Indigo-Liquid............................ -Dried........................... Ivory- Elephants' Teeth, all qualities............. 10 yards. 9, dozen. each. 100 catties. 100 catties. 100 in number. 100 catties. box of 100 sqr. ft. 100 catties.,1 of 175 250 20 36 39 35 25 36 50 00 056 080 I( 364 319 029 316 080 019 ill 608 7 r E, 2 1 75 1 50 12a 45 375 35 60 240 1180 08 120 105 350 30 75 3175 15100 241 482 039 145 1:206 113 193 772 579 026 386 338 1125 09S 241 1206 4 823 C4 0 o o o I Article. Per. Boos. Changed to silver coin. Paint, as Red, White, and Yellow Lead (Minium, Ceruse, and Massicot); and Paint Oils............... Leather................ Linen-all qualities............. Langrove Bark................. Matting, Floor.............................. METALS. Copper and Brass, in Slabs, Sheets, Rods, Nails...... Yellow vMetal, Muntz's Metal, Sheathing and Nails. Iron-Manufactured, as in Rods, Bars, Nails, &c....... P,, igs................... ~Kentledge. ire...,.................. Lead-Pigs............................, -Sh eet............................. Spelter and Zinc.................. Steel.................................... Tin................................. Tin Plates.............................,, 10 yards. 100 catties. roll of 40 yards. 100 catties.,,,,,,,,, j box of not excdg. 90 cat. I 3.50 S00 20 15 75 r5O 150 2S60 30 15 06 80 80 00 60 60 300 70 4 6 2 82 43 Z64 '4;8 241 a o 0 1 F >. ct Y S t? ci s OQ G g k 9 2 2. 125 804 096 048 019 257 257 322 193 193 965 225 Oil Cloth for Flooring.................. 10 yards. 30 096,, or Leather Cloth for Fnrnitwre.........,, 15 048 Pepper-Black and White..................tti 100 322 Putchuk 225723 Quicksilver.....................,, 1600 1 929 c Quinine............................. caatty. 15 482 Rattans..................... 10 catties. 45 145 Rhubarb..... 100 322 Salt Fish.............. 75 241 Sandal Wood................... 125 42 Sapan Wood................. 40129 c Sea Horse Teeth........................... 7502411. Narwhal or ' Unicorn " Teeth...............catty. 100 322, Sharks' Skints.............. i...... 1010 pieces. 7502411 Snuff............................. catty. 30 096 Soap-Bar........................... 100 cattics. 50 161 Stiek La e........................175563 tI Sugar-Brown and Black.............40. 29,, hie....,, 241, -Candy 4nd Loaf. O.......... 1 322 b Tobacco.............180 579 Vermillion...........................00289 WOOLLEN MANUFA CTURES. | Broad, Habit, Medium, and Narrow Cloth, not exceeding A4 inches........................ 10 yards. 60 193 Not exceeding 55 inches............ 00 322 Exceeding 55.....................125 402 S_ ___ Article. Per. Boos. Changed to Silver Coin. Shrimps and Prawns-Dried Salt................. 100 catties. 1180 579 0 SILK. Raw and Thrown.................... 100 catties. 7500 24113 1, Tama or Dupioni....................... 20...0 6430 Noshi or Skin Silk.............................. i 7150 411 Floss Silk.............................. 2000 6 430 k Cocoons-Pierced...................... 700 2251 -Unpierced.............................................1200 3858 Waste Silk and Waste Cocoons............... 225 723 2 Silk Worms Eggs.............................Sheet. 07 024 Tea................................. 100 catties. 350 1125 s,, -qnality known as "Ban ha"............ 75 241 Tobacco-Leaf............................... 75 211 Wax —Vegetable......................... 1 50 482 CT'STOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 345 CLASS II.-DUTY FREE GOODS. All animals used for food or draught. Anchors and Chain Cables. Coal. Clothing, not being articles named in this Ti;ri-2. Gold and Silver, coined or uncoined. Grain, including Rice, Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Oan-., lye, Peas, Beans, Millet, Indian Corn. Flour and Meal prepared from above. Oil Cake. Packing Matting. Printed Books. Salt. Salted Meats in Casks. Saltpetre. Solder. Tar and Pitch. Tea-firing Pans and Baskets. Tea Lead. Travelling Baggage. CLASS III.-PROHIBITED GOODS. Opium. CLASS VI.-GOODS SUBJECT TO AN ad vtrlorem DUTY 07 Frv: PER CENT. ON ORIGINAL VALUE. Arms and Munitions of War. Articles de Paris. Boots and Shoes. Clocks, Watches, and Musical Boxes. Coral. Cutlery. Drugs and Medicines, such as Ginseng, &c Dyes. European Porcelain and Earthenware. Furniture of all kinds, new and second-hand. Glass and Crystal Ware, 34G COMMERCE AND D iLDUS TRY IN JA PAN. Gold and Silver Lace and Thread. Gums and Spices not named in Tariff. Lamps. Looking Glasses. Jewellery. Machinery and Manufactures in Iron or Steel. Manufactures of all kinds in Silk, Silk and Cotton, or Silk and Wool, as Velvets, Damasks, Brocades, &c. Paintings and Engravings Perfumery, Scented Soap. Plated Ware. Skins and Furs. Telescope and Scientific Instruments. Timber. Wines, Malt and Spirituous Liquors, Table Stores of all kinds. AND ALL OTHER UNENUMERATED GOODS. Bxport Tariff. CLASS I.-SPECIFIC DUTIES. Changed to Article. Per. 1ios. Coi Silver Coin. _ --- —------ - -. yen Awabi........................ lO0 atties Camphor........................................80 579 t Fish-Dried or Salted, Salmon and Cod.........75 241, - Cuttle..............................,, 105 338, Irico or Beche de Mer......................, 300 95 Iron- Japanese.........................., 60 193 ' Isinglass................................ 2. 5 723. Lead................................... 90 289 Mushrooms-all qualities...... 500 1 608 Rags..............................12 039 Seaweed-Uncut............................ 30 096 t4 - Cut......................'......... 60 193 Sharks' Fins............................... 180 579 g; -^ I I i Article. Per. Boos svChaged to WOOLLEN MIANUFACTREE: -Continuelden. yen 0 Spanish Stripes... 75 241 Cassimeres, Flannel, Long Ells, and Serges..... 45 I145 Bnnting........................ 15 04.8 Canmlet-Dutch...........................75 241 0, -English............40 129 Lastings, Crape Lastings, and Worsted Crapos, 'Merinos, and all other Woollen Goods not classed under No. 76:A. Not exceeding 34 inches............... 30 09 B. Exceeding 31...... 45 145 i Woollen and Cotton Mixtures, as Imitation Camlets Imitation Lastings, Orleans (Plain and Figured), Lustres (Plain and Figured), Alpacas, Baratheas, Damnasks, Italian Cloth, Taffachelass, Russell Cords, ('assandrass, Woollen Fancies, Camlet Cords and all other Cotton and Woollen Mixturee:A. Not exceeding 34 inches.................. 30 09 B. Exceeding 34,,,, 5 145 d Blankets and Horse Cloths..................... 10 catties. 50 161 b Travelling Bugs, Plaids, and Shawls........ each. 50 161 Figured \Voollen Table Cloths................. 5 41 Woollen Singlets and Drawers.................. dozen. 80 257 Woollen and Cotton Singlets and Drawers........ 50 161 Woollen YarnPl-ain and Dyed.................. 100 catties. 1000 3 220 Article. Wax ---Bees.............................. Timber (Exported from Hakodate and comprising such soft woods as Pine, Spruce, Fir, Cedar, etc.)...... Timber (Exported from Hakodate and comprising such Hard woods as Nara (Oak), Tamo (Elm), Sen (Ash), Buna (Beech), Htya (Maple), Kuri (Chestnut), Ha (Alder), Kaba (Birch), Katsura, Ho, S'koro, Gas'se, Keyaki, Kashi, Is'su, Kusunoki, Kurogaki, etc.) CLASS II.-DUTY FLEE GOODS. Gold and Silver, coined and of Japanese Production. Gold and Silver, uncoined of Japanese Production and only to be sold only by Japanese Government at Public Auction. Flour made from Rice, wheat, etc. Copper Coins. Foreign Papers (Home Manufacture). Dried Solid Indigo and Liquid Indigo. Matches, made by JapIanese. Cotton under shirt and drawers, made by Japanese. 350 COILMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Flannels, Monpas, Twilled Cotton Cloth, (Home Manufacture). Cotton Fabrics, Silk Fablics, Shippo Wares, Cotton and Silk Mixtures, Clothings, Lacquered Wares, Porcelain and Earthen Wares, Bamboo Wares, Copper Wares, Bronze Wares, Papers, Fans, Round Fans, and Umbrella. Writings, Pictures, Leathers. Jewelry, Stones, Wood, Clay, Pattans, Palm, Bones, Horns, Shells, Tusks, Hides, Leathers, Hoofs, Feathers, Hairs, Papers, Threads, Fabrics, Whale Fins, Amber, Corals, Pearls, Glasses, and other manufactures made with metals or their alloys, and other manufactures made composed of other materials and the abovementioned articles. Sulphuric Acid. Sulphur. Coal. Drugs and Medicines (Excepting Camphor). Dying Materials, Paintings, Glue, Fish Glue, Candles, all kinds ot Japanese Inks, Inks used in Stamping, Washing-powder, Soap, Tooth-powder, Shoe black. All Articles for Medical Use, All Articles for School Use, Incenses, Toilet Materials, Fabrics, Knittings, Twined Articles, Threads, Twines, Threads for Nets, Fishing Lines, Chords of Musical Instruments, all kinds of Rope. All kinds of Waste Papers. Timbers, board, and Planks, cut or dressed, etc. Wires, Nails, Foils, and their plates of Metals. Gems, Materials for Stamp, Glasses, Amber, Mica, Asbestoes, Stones, all kinds of Clay, etc, Sand. All kinds of Ashes, Cement, Coke, Patent Charcoal Dust, Lampblack, Charcoal, Fuels, Wild Silkworm Cocoon, Wild Silkworm Silk, Cotton (exepting Floss-silk.), Flax, Hemp, and Jute. Barks, Roots, Bulbs, Ears, Stems, Flowers, and Resnis of Plant, Herbs, and Shrubs, the Snake Gourd, Bamboo, Bamboo Barks, Coir, Sago-palm Leaves, Persilmmon Juice, Birds' Lime, Rice-bran, Moxa, Oakum, Powder of Gall-nuts, Corns, Green Vegetables, Nursery Plants, Scyons, and Seeds, Fruits. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 351 Victuals prepared from Corns, Green Vegatables, Fruits, Stems, and roots, and Bottled and Canned Victuals. All kinds of Mush-rooms, excepting Shiitake, Confectionaries, all kinds of Liquors, Venigars, Soy, Oils, and Prepared Tobacco. Pressed Grounds. All kinds of Birds, Beasts, and Insect, Eggs, Meats, Lards, Cheese, Butter, Honey, Bones, Horns, Feathers, Hairs, Shells, Conch-shells, Tendons, Tusks, Hoofs, Fishes Eggs, Whale Fins, Corals, Pearls, Fishes, and Dried Bonito. Sea-weeds, excepting Kobu, Tokoroten-gusa,and Calle Vegetable. Salt. Parcels Post. Excepting the above enuumerated dutiable and free duty goods, the ad valorem duty of 5% is imposed on all other goods. That department which discharges the business with regard to the import and export of the commodities, and the clearing and entering of the Japanese and foreign vessels, bound for foreign countries at every open ports, and the affairs of the foreign trade outside of the treaty ports, is called the Custom House, and is established at the six ports, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe, Nagasaki, Niigata, and Hakodate. The jurisdiction of each Customs House, Customs House Law, Customs House Regulations, Custom's Shed Regulations, Storage Regulations, Revised Bounded Warehouse Regulations, and Tariff of Storage Charge, shall be shown in the following pages. 352. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAS.. THE EXTENT UNDER EACH CUSTOMS HOUSE JURISDICTION (ISSUED BY THE IMPERIAL ORDINANCE NO. 204, ON THE SEPTENBER, 1890. The extent of Yokohama Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of the Ogasawara Group and 11 provinces, viz., Rikuzen, Iwaki, Hitachi, Shimosa, Kazusa, Awa, Musashi, Sagami, Izu, Suruga, and ototmi. The extent of Osaka Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of 7 provinces, viz., Mikawa, Owari, Ise, Shima, Kii, Izumi, and Settsu (portions east to Nishinarigbri.) The extent of Kobe Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of 20 provinces, viz., Settsu (portions west to Kawabegori), Harima, Bizen, Bitchii, Bingo, Aki, Suwo, Nagato, Iwami, Izumo, Hoki, Inaba, Tajima, Tango, Oki, Jyo, Tosa, Awa, Sanuki, and Awaji. The extent of Nagasaki Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of 12 provinces, viz., Hizen, Higo, Chikuzen, Chikugo, Buzen, Bungo, Hiuga, Osumi, Satsuma, Iki, Tsushima, and Riukiu. The extent of Niigata Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of 9 provinces, viz., Wakasa, Echizen, Kaga, Noto, Etchiu, Echigo, Uzen, Ugo, and Sado. The extent of Hakodate Customs House Jurisdiction:The coasts of 13 provinces, viz., Oshima, Shiribeshi, Ishikari, Teshio, Kitami, Nemuro, Chishima, Kushiro, Tokachi, Hidaka, Iburi, Rikuchu, and Mutsu. CUSTOM-HOUSES. LAW No. 80. (Dated Sept. Gths 1890, having force on and after Nov. 10 of the year.) ARTICLE 1.-Matters relating to the entrance and clearance of vessels of foreign build and vessels of Japanese build which navigate between this and foreign countries, as well as to the export and import of goods at open ports shall be under the jurisdiction of a custom-house. ARTICLE 2.-Matters relating to the cU;tro.l of iorcigli trade at any GUSTO. HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 353 open-port shall be dealt with by the custom-house which has jurisdiction over such port. ARTICLE 3.-No vessels shall be permitted, except in special cases mentioned in laws or ordinances to proceed to a foreign country from any port which is not an open one, or enter to any port which is not an open one from a foreign country. The master of any vessel contravening this law shall be punished with a fine of yen 1,000. No navigable vessel trading between this and a foreign State is permitted to enter, from an open port, except in special cases mentioned in laws or ordinances, any port which is not opened. The punishment for breaches of the provision shall be the same as provided in the last paragraph. ARTICLE 4.-Vessels proposing to proceed to foreign countries shall obtain beforehand the permission of the chief of a customhouse. The owner of any vessel which proceeds to a foreign country without obtaining such permission shall be punished with a fine of yen 1,000, and the cargo of such vessel shall be forfeited. ARTICLE 5.-Persons producing false documents to a customhouse for the purpose of evading the whole or part of the customs duty shall be punished with a fine of yen 125. ARTICLE 6.-Should the freight in an invoice produced to the custom-house of the port to which it is directed, be less as compared with the invoice produced to the custom-house of the port whence the freight was sent, then, in accordance with the Rules of Custom-houses as to coastwise trading vessels which have freight on board in regard to which the usual procedure for import has not been complied with, and if such conduct be found to be wrongful, the master of such vessel shall be punished with a fine of yen 1,000. ARTICLE 7.-In the case of persons who transport goods the export of which is prohibited, between open ports, in accordance with the Bules of Custom-houses, such persons shall produce a certificate as to landing the goods, given by the Custom-house to which the goods were directed, to the Custom-house whence they were sent, within the period mentioned in the regulations. For 354 COMM.ERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPA-N. each breach of this regulation the offender shall be punished witl fines or penalties equal in amount to the original value of the goods. ARTICLE 8.-Persons who have transported goods between open ports in aoccordance with the Rules of Custom-houses, who have lost or mislaid the certificate of transport, and who do not take the prescribed action within the period mentioned in the Rules, shall be punished with fines or penalties equal to five-hundredths (jgi) of the original value of the goods so transported. ARTICLE 9. —Persons who land imported goods not mentioned in invoices shall be punished with fines or penalties equal to the import duty on such goods, in addition to forfeiting the latter ARTICLE 10.-Where goods the export of which is prohibited, are exported, or the loading or landing of export or import goods takes place at a port not opened, against laws and orders, such goods shall be forfeited. Where goods are landed without obtaining a licence for landing in accordance with the Rules of Custom-houses, or goods are loaded without obtaining a licence for loading or for transport, or goods are imported without obtaining a licence for import, such goods shall be forfeited. ARTICLE 11.-Where prohibited goods, or goods which should bear duty but are not mentioned in the letter of notice of export and import, or in the document which enumerates the goods brought, are concealed in an export or import package they with the packageshall be forfeited. Where goods which should bear duty are concealed in travellers' luggage such goods shall be forfeited. The application of the Penal Code shall not be interfered with by this article. ARTICLE 12.-If goods which should be forfeited are already sold or consumed, their price shall be imposed. ARTICLE 13.-If the Chief of a Custom-house considers it to be necessary for carrying into practice this law or the Rules of Custom-houses, he may suspend the departure of vessels, or order an inspector of the Custom-house by writ to seize goods designed for transport or for export or import. ARTICLE 14.-Inspectors of Custom-houses may go on board CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 355 vessels entering ports to inquire into necessary matters and examine the interior of such vessels, or conduct inspection on board such vessels. * The master of such a vessel shall provide a cabin for such inspector and shall treat him properly. ARTICLE 15.-Should the inspector of a Custom-house know of the existence of, or believe that there are in existence smuggled goods, he may take measures for finding proofs of a breach of the jiules by entering houses or other places. Inspectors of Custom-houses shall carry a badge to show their office, in the cases mentioned in the last and in this article. ARTICLE 16. —The Chief of a Custom-house may pronounce a decree against persons who contravene this law or the Rules of Custom-houses, ordering them to bring to such Custom-house money equal to the fines or penalties imposed or the goods to be forfeited, or the cost of conducting an examination into a breach of the law or Rules. ARTICLE 17.-Persons thus ordered shall produce a letter of receipt whether they obey such decree or not, within two days, Custom-house holidays being excluded. Should they obey such decree the goods shall be brought the same day, and the money shall be paid within tendays. Should they refuse to obey, or produce the letter of receipt within the period mentioned in paragraph I, or to bring in the money or the goods, the Chief of such Custom-house shall appeal to the Authorities. ARTICLE 18.-When the Chief of a Custom-house conducts an examination into an alleged offence he may summon the offender, witnesses, and other persons concerned. The Chief of a Custom House shall appeal to the Authorities in regard to any offence if the decree mentioned in Article 16 cannot be carried out owing to the non-attendance of the offender, witness, or other person concerned, or if objections are raised. ARTICLE 19.-The costs of examination into an offence by the Chief of a Custom House shall be reckoned and decided in accordance with the process adopted in criminal judgments. 356 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY 1N JAPAV. ARTICLE 20.-In the case of offences against this law and the Bules of Custom-Houses, the provisions as to mitigations, aggravation by second offence, and simultaneous offences, mentioned in the Penal Code, shall not be applied. ARTICLE 21.-Matters relating to vessels navigating between this and foreign countries, vessels navigating coastwise; goods for export and import, the remission of duty, release from duty, and tentative duty, except those mentioned in this law, shall be regulated by the Rules of Custom-houses. Fines or penalties under yen 100 may be provided in the Rules of Custom-houses. ARTICLE 22. —The Rules of Custom-houses shall be decided by Imperial Ordinance. SUPPLEMENTARY RULES. The paragraph in the Rules of Merchant Shipping, Notification dated January 27th, the 3rd year of Meiji, which deals with the prohibition of navigation to foreign countries without licence, Notification No. 123, the 7th year of Meiji, Notification No. 20, the 8th year of Meiji, Notification No. 163, the 8th year of Meiji, and Notification No. 149, the 9th year of Meiji, shall be abolished on and after the day on which this law shall come into force. CUSTOMS REGULATIONS. (Promulgated on the Gth September, 1890, having force on and after Nov. 1, of the year) CHAPTER I. Ships engaged in foreign navigation and goods of import and export. ARTICLE 1.-Within torty-eight hours after the arrival at any port of a ship engaged in foreign navigation, the master thereof shall make at the Custom House the ship's entry and present the nianif st of Cargoes, and at the same tiue, he shall deposit at the Custom House other ship's papers (certificates of registry) and the clearance permit of the port of origin or other document which may be substituted for the same, and shall pay the entry fee of fifteen yen, expecting in the case where the vessel clears the port CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 357 within forty eight hours after arrival, without shipping or dis-.charging any goods. ARTICLE 2.-Any omission of, or mistake in the entry in the ship's manifest may be supplied or corrected, by permission of,the Custom House, within twenty-four hours after the formality of the ship's entry Las been observed. After the lapse of the period specified in the preceding paragraph, a fee of fifteen yen shall be paid for the addition or correction in the entry of the ship's manifest. ARTICLE 3.-When the master of a foreign-going ship wishes to clear, he shall present to the Custom House, twenty-four hours before the clearance, his clearance notice, pay a clearance fee of seven yen and receive the clearance permit as well as all the ship's papers, deposited at the Custom House, according to the permission of Article 1. ARTICLE 4.-When a foreign-going ship, after having observed the formality of clearance, require further to ship or land goods, the formality prescribed by Article 1. shall be repeated and the entry fee paid; and an clearing, the formality prescribed by Article 3. shall be repeated and the clearance fee paid, excepting when shipping or landing goods for which the import or export formality has been observed. ARTICLE 5.-Mail steamers are not required to make any entry and clearance at the same time. ARTICLE 6.-Mail steamers are not required to make any entry in the ship's manifest, except of such goods as are to be landed at the port where they are. ARTICLE 7.-Mail steamers, even after having observed the formality for clearance, may ship or land goods without the formality prescribed by Article 4. ARTICLE 8.-Any foreign-going ship compelled to take shelter in a port, shall, within forty-eight hours after the arrival, report the cause of her entering the harbour to the Custom House and obtain the permission thereof. In case of landing temporarily the cargo for the purpose of repairing a ship, under the circumstances mentioned in the pre 358 COMMERCE A.?D J12 iS7IY IN JAP/AX7I ceding paragraph, or for other unavoidable cause, or of selling damaged goods, or of shipping any supplies necessary for the ship, the formalities of entry and clearance shall not be required. But in case of landing, shipping or transhipping any other goods or of selling the goods temporarily landed the formality prescribed by Art. 1. shall be observed and the entry fee paid on clearing, the formality prescribed shall also be observed and by Art. 3. the clearance fee paid. ARTICLE 9.-No foreign-going ship may land, ship or traTship any goods between sunset and sunrise or on Custom holidays, without special permission from the superintendent of Customs. During the hours and days mentioned in the preceediiLg para, graph, the hatches and all places in the ship where the goods are stowed shall be closed and sealed by the Inspectors of Customs. ARTICLE 10.-When any foreign-going ship is compelled to take shelter in a port not opened to foreign commerce, the master thereof shall give to the local municipal authorities or to the harbour office a written statement, as to the causes of his entering the port. In case of necessary supplies being shipped, a list of these articles shall be presented and certified to by the aforsaid authorities or office and on the arrival of the vessel at an open port it shall be handed to the Custom House. ARTICLE 11.-Should any owner of a ship wishes to make her a foreign-going vessel or to convert a foreign-going ship into a home-trading ship, he shall apply to the Custom I-louse for the inspection of the ship and there obtain the permit. ARTICLE 12.-In order to ship any goods for export, the export entry shall be made at the Custom House. After examination of the actual articles and the collection of duties according to the export tariff, the export permit shall be granted. ARTICLE 13.-No goods of foreign produce which are to be reexported abroad, prior to the formality for import entry having been observed, are required to pay export duties, provided that a written statement with reference thereto has been given to the Custom House and the export permit duly obtained after the necessary examination. CUSTOM HOUSE, MIlNSTER, AND CONSUL. 359 ARTICLE 14.-Supplies for the use of ships are not required to pay export duties, provided that the respective masters observe the formality prescribed by the preceeding Article. ARTICLE 15. —In order to land any goods of import, an import entry, to which the invoices of the goods must be attached, shall be made at the Custom House and the goods shall be landed after obtaining the landing permit. Delivery of the goods shall be taken, after their examination, the collection of duties according to the import tariff and the grant of the import permit. The aforesaid invoices shall be returned to the owner, after the formality for the import entry of the goods has been gone through. ARTICLE 16.-Any goods being home produce, brought back from abroad, are, when fulfil the conditions stipulated below, not required to pay import duties, provided however that the formality prescribed by the preceeding Article be observed:1. When the goods preserve unaltered, the native and character which they bore at the time of their export. 2. When they are brought back within the period of five years from the day of their export. 3. When the owner holds the original export permit of the goods. ARTICLE 17.-Excepting articles free of duty, no good shall be allowed to be imported, unless their invoices are presented; it may however be allowed as an exception, should the superintendent of Customs recognize the inability from whatsoever cause arising, of the owner to present the invoices, and the latter be willing to pay duties according to the quantity, measurement or value of the goods as directed by the Customs officers. ARTICLE 18.-Whenever the Custom House authorities consider the original value of any goods, liable to an ad valorem duty, insufficient, the Customs Appraisers shall place a value thereon, and the owner shall pay duty according to that valuation. If the owner refuse to pay duty according to the valuation mentioned in the preceeding Paragnaph, he may apply for the purchase of the goods by the Custom House under the same valuation, except in the cases provided for by Article 17. 360 COllMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ARTICLE 19.-Any foreign-going ship wishing to tranship goods to or from any other ships shall apply to the Custom House in writing and obtain a transhipment permit. Such permit is not required when any goods are transhipped from a mail steamer to barges or lighters of the shipping company to which they belong. ARTICLE 20.-In claiming any reduction of duties on any dutiable goods on account of damage, the application must be made, before the examination of the goods takes place, to the superintendent of Customs, who shall cause the Customs' Appraisers to survey the extent of the damage to the goods and reduce the duties accordi n gly. ARTICLE 21.-purchasers of any ship's store from foreign ships of war shall obtain from the selling party a certificate to be presented at the Custom House, together with a written statement of the fact, and pay import duties thereon. ARTIELE 22.-No gold or silver bullion being of home produce shall be allowed to be exported, unless such bullion has been publicly sold by the Government. ARTIELE 23.-No written application shall be required for passenger's luggage, either in landing or shipping, provided that it be submitted to the examination of the Customs Inspectors before passing through the Custom House. Any articles not considered by the Custom House to be personal effects necessary for travellers shall be charged tie duties due thereon. ARTICLE 24.-Any goods temporarily landed for the purpose of repairing a ship or on account of her unavoidable causes, provided for by Article 8, shall be deposited at the Custom House. No formality for import or export entry is required in landing or reshipping the goods mentioned in the preceeding paragraph, but the master of the ship shall pay to the Custom House all the expenses connected with the custody of the goods. When the goods mentioned in the first paragraph are to be sold, the formality prescribed by Article 15 must be observed and the duties must be paid thereon. ARTICLE 25.-In order to transport goods between open ports by a foreign-going or foreign owned ship an application shall CUSTOM HOUSE, MI.NSTER, AND CONSUL. 361 be made in writing to the Custom House and the goods shall be shipped after exmination and grant of the transportation permit. ARTICLE 26.-If the goods mentioned in the preceeding articles are dutiable being home produce, either the amount of the duties due thereon shall be deposited or a written statement to satisfy the superintendent of Customs shall be given. The landing permit given by the Custom House at the port of destination shall be presented at the Custom'House at the port of origin, within six months from the day on wkich. the transportation permit was granted, when the amount of duties or the written statement deposited therein shall be returned. If the landing permit given by the Custom House at the port of destination is not presented within the period specified in the preceeding paragraph, the goods shall be considered as exported and the duties shall be collected thereon. ARTICLE 27.-If the goods mentioned in Article 25 beolng to those articles the export of which is prohibited, the landing permit given by the Custom House at the port of destination shall be presented at the Custom House at the port of origin within six months from the day on which the transportation permit was granted. ARTICLE 28.-If a ship carrying the goods mentioned in Articles 26 and 27 fails, through perils of the sea or other unavoidable.causes, to transport them to the port of destination, the fact shall be reported to the Custom House at the port of origin; and the amount of duties or the written statement, previously deposited, may be recovered upon production of sufficient proof of such failure, within one year from the day on which the ship cleared. ARTICLE 29.-In order to land the transported goods mentioned in Article 25, at the port of destination, application shall be made in writing to the Custom House, and the certification of landing shall be made on the transportation permit grated by the Custom House at the port of origin. The goods may then, after due examination, be taken delivery -of. 362 COMMERCE AND 1ND rSTRY IN JAPAN. In case the transportation permit mentioned in the preceeding paragraph can not be presented at the Custom House at the port of destination, on account of its being lost or left behind, a. written statement to satisfy the superintendent of Customs shall be deposited at the Custom House The aforesaid statement will be returned upon presenting the transportation permit or, instead of this, a certificate made by the Custom House at the port of origin, within four months from the date of the deposit of the aforesaid statement. AnTICLE 30.-Should it be necessary to send, a foreign-going ship from an open port to an unopened port, be it for repair or for the purpose of shipping or discharging heavy materials, which could not be conveniently done at the open port, an application shall be made in writing to the superintendent of Customs for special permission. CHAPTER II. Home-trading ships, and transportation of goods for which the formality of import entry has not been observed. ARTICLE 31.-Within twenty four hours after the arrival ina port ot a home-trading ship, the master thereof shall make the entry of the ship at the Custom House and at the same time deposit therein all the ship's papers. ARTICLE 32.-The master of a home-trading ship shall, within four hours previous to the departure from port, give notice of clearance to the Custom House and recover all the ship's papers. deposited therein. ARTICLE 33.-For ships which are not required to have certificates of registry, and for those built in European style, but under one hundred tons burden and plying r gularly between certain fixed ports, the owners can dispense with the formalities prescribed by Articles 31 and 32, provided that they have previously applied. to, and obtained permission from the Custom House. AnTICLE 31.-In order to clear a home-trading ship with goods for which the formality of import entry has not been observed,. the master thereof shall send into the Custom House two copies. CUSTOM HO USE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 363 of the declaration of the cargo so carried, observing at the same time the formality prescribed by Article 32. ARTICLE 35.-On arrival of the ship mentioned in the preceeding Article at the port of destination, the master thereof shall send into the Custom House the declaration of the cargo so brought observing at the same time the formality prescribed by Article 31. ARTICLE 36.-In transporting between open ports by a hometrading ship any goods for which the formality of import entry has not been observed, an application shall be made in writing to, and a shipping permit obtained from the Custom House. In landing the goods mentioned in the preceeding paragraph, the stipulations of Art. 15; and, in transporting the same, the stipulations of Art. 19. shall be observed. CHAPTER III. Penal Provisions. ARTICLE 37.-Should a foreign-going.ship have neglected the formality of the ship's entry within the period specified by Art. 1, the master thereof shall be fined sixty yen. For every twenty four hours that he shall have neglected to enter the ship he shall be fined the same amount. ARTICLE 38.-If the seal or lock fastened by Inspectors of Customs, as provided for by the second paragraph of Art. 9, shall have been broken open or taken off, the master thereof shall be fined sixty yen. ARTICLE 39.-Any person who shall have transhipped any goods without obtaining the transhippment permit, prescribed by Art. 19 and by the second paragraph of Art. 36, shall be fined the same amount as provided for by the preceeding Article. ARTICLE 40.-In the case provided for by the first paragraph of Art. 8. should a foreign-going ships have neglected to report the causes of entry into a port, within the period specified, the master thereof shall be fined fifteen yen. ARTICLE 41.-Should a foreign-going ships, in the case provided for by Art. 10, have neglected to obtain the certificate from the local municipal authorities or harbour office; or, after obtaining 364 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. the same, have neglected to present it to the Custom House, the master thereof shall be fined fifteen yen. ARTICLE 42.-Should a home-trading ship have neglected the formality of the ship's entry within the period specified by Art. 31, or that of clearance before the period specified by Art. 32, the master thereof shall be fined five yen. CHAPTER IV. Miscellaneous Provisions. ARTICLE 43.-Any person who shall be dissatisfied with the valuation made by the Custols Appraisers, relative to the classification of goods of import and export, nay apply to the superintendent of Customs for a modification, within ten days from the day on which such valuation has been made. Any person who shall be dissatisfied with the modification made by the superintendent of Customs, may apply to the Minister of Finance for his decision, within thirty days from the day on which the modification was made; in this case the modification certificate must accompany the application. ARTICLE 44.-The officers of Customs can, whenever they think it requisite, retain as samples at the Custom House, small portions of any goods of import and export. ARTICLE 45.-All the documents to be presented at the Custom House, in conformity with the present Regulations, shall be written in the form prescribed by the Custom House and be signed and sealed by the owner or master of the ship or by the owner of the goods. ARTICLE 46.-For all permits or deplicate permits and all other certificates issued by the Custom House, the applicant shall pay, for each copy, a fee of one yen and fifty sen. ARTICLE 47.-The period specified by days and hours in the present Regulations shall exclude therefrom the Custom holidays, and the period specified by years and months shall include therein such holidays. ARTICLE 48.-The hours during which business is transacted at the Custom House shall be from ten o'clock in the morning to four o'clock in the aftrnoon every day exclusive of holidays; an applica CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. tion may, however, be made to the Superintendent of Customs for special permission to have the Custom House opened beyond the ordinary hours. ARTICLE 49.-The applicant for the special permission provided for by the first [paragraph of Art. 9. and by the last part of Art. 48 shall pay the fees, the rate of which shall be established by the Minister of Finance. ARTICLE 50.-Whenever in the present Regulations the word "Ship owner" occurs, it shall mean the proprietor of, or one who has the right to make use of a ship; the word " Master of ship ' shall mean one who has the actual;command or control of a ship and the words " Owner of goods" shall mean the proprietor of or the agent entrusted with the management of the goods. ARTICLE 51.-In the present Regulations, the word "Export" shall mean the exportation of goods to a foreign country, the word "Import" shall mean the importation of goods from foreign country and the word " Goods" shall mean and include all articles whatsoever, except personal effects necessary for travelling and supplies for the use of ships. ARTICLE 52.-In the present Regulations, the words s" On entry" or "Arrival" shall mean the time when a ship drops anchor or takes the buoy and the words " On clearance " shall mean the time when a ship weighs anchor or leaves the buoy. ARTICLE 53.-Any person who shall give information to the' Custom House relative to any smuggling, shall receive the moiety: of the value of the goods confiscated through such information. ADDITIONAL PROVISION. ARTICLE 54.-Any ships engaged in commerce between Japan and the island of Saghalien, belonging to the Russian Empire, shall as a temporary measure, be exempted from the payment of entry and clearance fees as well as from that of import and export duties on the goods carried by them. The formalities for ship's entry and clearance provided for by Arts. 31 and 32 shall, howvever,. be applicable to such ships. 366 COMMERCE ANVD INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. THE SPECIAL PERMISSION FEE ACCORDING TO THE 9TH AND 4TH ARTICLE OP THE CUSTOM HOUSE REGURATION. (THE TREASURY LDEPARTMENTAL ORDINANCE No..22, ISSUED IN SEPTEMBER: 1891.) Special Permission fee for the loading and discharging of goods on ordinary days, from sun-set to sun-rise per 1 hour....yen 1.50 On holidays, from sun-rise to sun-set per 1 hour... yen 1.00. from sun-set to sun-rise,,,,,,,, 1.50. Special permission fee for the extra opening of the Custom House ordinary days, from 4 P.M. to 6 P.M..........yen 15.00.,,, 12,.......... 45.00.,,, past,,,,......... 95.00., A.M.,, 10 A.M.......... 20.00. In case the Custom House is open from preceding day, it is otherwise. On holidays, from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M..........yen 25.00.,,,,, 6,,........., 40.00. t,,, 12,.........., 70.00.,,,,, past 12........... 120.00.,,,,,, 10 A.M........... 20.00. (The last fee with the following provisional clause were added by the Department Ordinace of the Treasury No. 40, issued 1891.) In case the Custom House is open from preceding day it is otherwise. Special permission fee in the Custom House detached office for the loading and discharging of goods on ordinary days, from sun-set to sun-rise per 1 hour....yen 0,75. On holidays, from sun-rise to sun-set per 1 hour....yen 0,50.,, sun-set,, sun-rise,,,,,.... 0.75. ,ICUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 367 For the extra opening on ordinary and holidays, from sun-rise to sun-set per 1 hour....yen 1,00. sun-set,, sun-rise,,,,....,, 1,50. CUSTOM'S SHED REGULATIONS. 7TH SEPTEMBER, 1872. ARTICLE I.-The hours for the delivery of goods, wares, or -marchandize, temporarily placed in the Custom's Shed shall be from sunrise to sunset, Sundays and Holidays excepted. ARTICLE II.-All goods, wares, or merchandize except as hereinafter provided in Art. IX. of these Regulations, may, for not longer 'time than twenty-four hours, be placed in the Custom's Shed, in a.place to be designated by the officer in charge thereof. ARTICLE III.-Warehouses will be provided, to which, after the expiration of the twenty-four hours above mentioned, all goods, wares, or marchandize, except as hereinafter provided in Art. IX of these Regulations, may, with the consent of the officer in charge -of the Custom's Sheds, be removed by the owners or consignees for a further period of the more than forty-eight hours, during which time goods so stored will be free of Warehouse charge, but at the risk of the owners or consignees. ARTICLE IV.-All goods, wares, or merchandize not removed from the Sheds, as provided in Art. II, may, after the expiration of twenty-four hours, be removed by the Superintendent of Customs,.at the risk and expenses of the owners or consignees, to the temporary werehouses mentioned in Art. III, where they will be allowed to remain for a further period of forty-eight hourse, at the expiration of which they may be treated as provided in Art. V of these Regulations. ARTICLE V.-All goods, wares, or marchandize not taken delivery of from the godowns within the forty-eight hours mentioned in Art. III, may be sent by the Superintendent of Customs to the Bonded Warehouse, at the expense of the owner or consignee, and be there stored, subject to the Bonded Warehouse Regulations. ARTICLE VI.-All goods, wares, or merchandize landed at the Port of Yokohama and not claimed within seventy-two hours from 368 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. time of landing, may be be removed by the Superintendent of Customs to a warehouse to be styled "The Warehouse for Unclaimed Goods," and there stored at the risk and expense of the owner or consignee thereof, for a term of one year, at the expiration of which they may be disposed of, as provided by Art. XIV of the Bonded Warehouse Regulations of 1st March, 1869. ARTICLE VII.-The Japanese Government will take reasonable care of all goods, wares, or merchandize that may be in their charge during seventy two hours after landing, but will not be responsible for the safe custody of any goods not stored in the Bonded Warehouses. ARTICLE VIII.-When, owing to the inclemency of the weather, or for other good reason, to be shown to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of Customs, it would be a hardship strictly to enforce the provisions of Art. III as to removal of goods from the Shed, the Superintendent of Customs may extend the time therein mentioned, so nevertheless, that no goods, wares, or merchandize shall, under any circumstances, remain in the charge of the Customs Authorities (unless stored in the Bonded Warehouses) for a longer period than seventy two hours. ARTICLE IX.-The goods enumerated in Art. XVIII of the Bonded Warehouse Regulations of 1st March, 1869, will on no account be received into the Customs' Sheds or temporary Warehouse, but must be taken delivery of immediately they are landed. ARTICLE X.-In case of neglect by the owner or consignee to take immediately delivery of the goods referred to in Art. IX of those Regulations, the Superintendent of Customs, may have such goods removed to a place of safety, either on shore or afloat, and all expenses attending the removal and storage of such goods shall be paid by the consignee or owner, at such enhanced rate as the Superintendent of Customs may decide upon. ARTICLE XI.-No goods, wares, or merchandize shall be placed in the thoroughfares of the Customs' promises, and no horse or vehicle shall be allowed to occupy the thoroughfares. ARTICLE XII.-Smokiug is strictly prohibited in the Customs' Sheds and Warehouses. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 369 ARTICLE XIII. —Persons quarrelling or creating a disturbance in Customs' premises may be forcibly removed, if necessary, and taken before their Consuls. BONDED WAREHOUSE REGULATIONS. REVISED, MARCH IST, 1869. ARTICLE 1.-'l'he manifest of the ship having been lodged at the Custom House, as provided in the Regulations of Trade, consignees of cargo wishing to store goods in the Bonded Warehouses of the Japanese Government, must deliver at the Custom House, an application for storage, called a Warehousing Entry, describing the marks, numbers, and contents of all packages for which storage is required in the form marked 'A' of the original Regulations. ARTICLE 2.-If no valid objection exists, the Custom House Authorities will at once authorize to be provided in the Bonded Warehouses for the goods named in the Worehousing Entry and the goods can then be warehoused at the convenience of the consignee, but no goods can be received into the Bonded Warehouses unless a Warehousing Entry for the same shall have been passed by the Custom House Authorities. ARTICLE 3.-On the completion of the delivery at the Bonded Warehouses of the Merchandise for which a Warehousing Entry has been passed, a receipt for such goods, called a Warrant, in the form marked 'B,' will be issued as soon as possible to the consignee or owner of the goods. This document will be sealed both by the Japanese Superintendent of the Bonded Warehouse, and by the Japanese Customs. ARTICLE 4.-No delivery can take place without the production of this warrant and an order duly signed by the consignee or owner of the goods, and made out in the form marked ' C.' If the order be for the entire quantity, for which the warrant has been granted, the latter will be cancelled by the Japanese Customs. If for part only, such portion will be written off from the warrant will be returned to the holder. 370 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ARTICLE 5.-The duties and storage charges due upon the goods must be paid before delivery can be authorized by the Custom House. Every application for delivery must be made to the Customs Authorities in the form marked D,' and on being passed by the Customs, the applicant must take immediate delivery of the goods therein named. ARTICLE 6.-The warrants given for the goods deposited in the Bonded Warehouses may be made out in one, or as many documents as the owner of the goods may require. The warrants shall be printed, and will be issued by the Japanese Customs at a charge of one boo for each warrant. ARTICLE 7.-Goods of a lower value than five hundred dollars will not be received into the Bonded Warehouses. ARTICLE 8.-At the time of delivering the goods, a slip centaining particulars of the storage charges due on each specific delivery will be imade up at the office of the Bonded Warehouses and handed to the owner or consignee. ARTICLE 9. —As soon as the goods are landed, they will be in the charge of the Japanese Customs Authorities, who will be responsible for their safe custody and due delivery, risks from fire and convulsions of the elements alone excepted. ARTICLE 10.-Damaged goods must be stored without detriment to other goods, and on such conditions as the Customs Authorities may find it necessary to impose upon the owner. ARTICLrE 11.-All orders for delivery should bear the same signature as the Warehousing Entry, or that of an employ6 duly authorized to sign for the firm in whose service he is, in which case, written notice of the employe being so authorized may be required to be furnished by the firm to the Superintendent of the Bonded Warhouse. ARTICLE 12.-On the occurrence of a change of ownership in the goods stored in the Bonded Warehouses, a formal declaration of the change must be endorsed on the warrant, which, when thus endorsed, must be exhibited to the Superintendent of the Bonded Warehouses, who will take note of the transfer. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 371 ARTICLE 13.-In the event of the loss of a warrant or warrants, notice must be given to the Superintendent of the Bonded Warehouses, who will stop the delivery on such document, and after the holder has made every endeavor, by public advertisement, or otherwise to obtain the warrant so lost a fresh document will be re-issued up on application made by the original owner to that effect, he handing at the same time a written undertaking, holding the Customs Authorities harmless, should the original document be produced. ARTICLE 14.-The Custom House Authorities may refuse to allow merchandise to remain in the Bonded Warehouses for a longer term than one year. If the goods should not be cleared within that period, or within such, extension of it, as the Custom House Authorities may see fit to grant, the latter may authorize the public sale of the goods, on giving one month's notice to the holder of the warrant or warrants representing the said goods, or, in his absence, to his Consul, and also by notification of the same at the Custom House and Bonded Warehouses, or in any newspaper published on the spot. All duties and charges due upon the goods, together with the expenses of sale and notification of the same will be paid out of the proceeds, and the balance, if any, will be reserved for the party or parties to whom the goods belong, subject to a reduction of one per cent per month, as a fee to the Customs for retaining charge of the same. ARTICLE 15.-The Bonded Warehouses will be open daily during the usual hours of business at the Custom House, excepting on Sundays, and such public holidays and festivals as may be publicly announced. But any goods, for which a Warehousing entry has already been made, landed after business hours till sunset, will be stored in the Warehouses by the officer in charge. ARTICLE 16.-The storage charges, until further notice, will be those of the annexed scale. The smallest charge will be for half a month, and any number of days under 15 will be chargedas half a month. ARTICLE 17.-Every facility will be given to owners of goods to inspect and obtain sample packages of the merchandise stored by 372 COfMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPA. them in the Bonded Warehouses, but no sample can be taken from the Bonded Warehouses without a written order from the owner or consignee, accompanied by the warrant if called for; requesting delivery of the same. ARTICLE 18.-The undermentioned goods will not be received into the Bonded Warehouses. All goods free of duty, Building materials, Gunpowder, Saltpetre, Chemicals, Tar, Pitch, Seeds, Oils, Liquid, Indigo, and such other articles as are of an explosive, inflammable, or otherwise dangerous character. ARTICLE 19.-If the Japanese Authorities suppose that goods in cases or packages differ in their contents from the Warehousing Entry, they may at any time open and inspect the same, due notice having been given to the owner, so that he may be present at such inspection. And in the event of any error having been made either in the descriptions of goods or number of pieces, the owner must pass a fresh Warehouse Entry for the same on which a fee of 10 boos will be levied. ARTICLE 20.-In the event of any article placed in the Bonded Warehouses becoming putrid or otherwise offensive, notice must be given by the Japanese Authorities to the owner, who must pay duty on the same, and take delivery of such forthwith, and if, within two days of such notice the same be not taken away, two foreign surveyers will be called in to survey the goods and the Custom House Authorities will deal with the goods as the surveyers recommend. The expense of such survey will be paid by the owner of such goods. ARTICLE 21.-The Bonded Warehouse will be open for storage of Japanese merchandise brought from the other open ports of Japan, in foreign vessels only, for re-export in their original packages, in the same manner and on the same conditions as merchandise imported from foreign countries. No package, however, will be received unless in a sound and secure condition. ARTICLE 22.-Persons transacting business at the Bonded Warehouses will be required to use the printed forms prescribed by the regulations. These forms can always be obtained at the office of the Bonded Warehouses, and for which a small charge will be made. | ||' 000 s00000 EC o C CD Tariff of Storage Charges. O 6 CCn P~ C ~ 3 CD P _h CD aq CD 0 a CD ~ CD pz f C C o p 1 50'9 CD CD -- CD Tariff of Storage Charges. I 13 Group Weight. Per Month. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alum, Gypsum, Betel-nut, Cutch, Pepper, Mangrove Bark, Tobacco, Putchuck, Cordage, Gambier...............per picul Sugar in Bags, Cordage, Leather......................... Cotton-raw, screwed, and pressed................,, -unscrewed........ Cloves, Gamboge, Glue, Gums, Indigo, Rhubarb, Vermillion, Cochineal.. Elephant's Teeth, Sea Horse Teeth, Buffalo, Deer, Rhinoceros Horns, Rattans, Sapan Wood, Sandal Wood......... METALS. Copper, Brass Rods, Nail Rods, Yellow Metal, Muntz Metal, Sheathing, Sheet and Boiler Iron, Bar Iron, Wire Tin, Tin Plates, Steel, Zinc....................... per picul Pig Iron, Kentledge, Lead (Stored outside the Warehouse).. bs..50.15 1.00 1.50.50.75 $ c..1608.0482.3215.4823.1608.2412.0386.0322 ci 0 co C ~Pr ~9_ t? I~ tr Nd t^ ~~ 8^ P.12.10 Group Weight. Per Month. MANUFACUTRES. O 7 Shirtings (Grey, White,) White Spots. &c, all unenumerated bs. $ c. Manufactured Cottons of 40 yards........... per piece.03.0096 do. Over 40 yards.............,,.04.0129 do. Under 40 yards...............02.0064 8 Fustians, Cotton Velvets, Satinets, Velveteens, Cotton Damasks,,.07.0225 9 Handkerchiefs, Singlets, Drawers.................per dozen.02.0064 10 Table Cloths......................per piece.03.009 11 Taffachelass, Turkey Reds....................02.0064 COTTON YARN. Q 12 Cotton Yarn, per bale of 3 piculs.................... per bale 1.50.4823 WOOLLENS. 13 Long Ells....................................per piece.10.0322. Camlets.......................................10.0322 2 14 Lastings and unenumerated Woollens..................,.10.0322 > Broad Cloth, Ladies' Cloth, 5i5 in. broad.............20.0643 Broad Cloth, Ladies' Cloth under 55 in. broad............15.0482 Spanish Stripes.................................,,.10.0322 15 Blankets per bale 100 pairs........................per bale 2.00.6431 16 Woollen Table Cloths, Rugs, Plaids................ per piece.05.0161 17 Woollen and Cotton mixtures........................,,.10.0322 Woollen Yarn........................... per picul 1.00.3215 MEASUREMENT. M 18 Brass Buttons, Builder's Hardware, Boots and Shoes, Candles, Cotton Duck, Canvass, Cigars, Clothing, Matting, Furnitures, Guns as (Rifles, Muskets), Military Equipments, Clocks, Watches, Musical Boxes, Articles de Paris (not C being Jewellery), Looking Glasses, Paintings, and Engravings, Plated Ware, Cutlery..................per cubic foot.40.1286 Unenumerated, and all articles of an exceptionally bulky, heavy, or unwieldy nature, a charge will be made as the case requires. Table Stores, Window Glass....................per cubic foot.10.0322 PACKAGE. 19 Wine and spirituous Liquors, Beer, per 1 doz. cases Quarts... per case.25.0804 c 2,,,,..,.35.1125 3., 3... 45.1447 4,,.....50.1608 c Porter and Beer in Pints, 6 to 8 doz............. per case 50.1608 Other Liquids, as Eau de Cologne, Essences, &c........ per cubic foot.35.1125 Wine per hhd. of 50 gallons.......................per cask 3.00.9646 Beer,,,,....... 3,00.9646 Group Weight. Per Month..ro PACKAGE-Contiuued. c) bs. $ c. 0 20 Wine and Beer in kilderkins.........................perkilder 2.00.631 MEASUREMENT. 21 Gold, Silver, Jewelry, Watches on the declared value, per month, i per cent........................ JAPANESE PRODUCTS. 1 Silk, each bale of 80 catties................. per bale 1.50.4823 do. Floss..............................per picul.30.0965 do. W aste......................................40.1286 k do. Cocoons, pressed......................... 1.00.3215 t 2 Tea, Tobacco, i;uculio...........................25.0804 3 W ax, Vegetable.................................,.20.0643 B do. Bees....................................20.0643 Sea-weed, cut and uncut....20.0643 4 Mushrooms, Ginseng, Gallnuts, Awabi................50.1608 5 Copper........................................10.0386 6 Silkworms' Eggs and other measurement goods in cases....cubic foot.10.0322. -... CUSTOM11 HOUSE, MIINISTER, AND CONSUL. 377 STORAGE REGULATIONS. 4TH MONTH, 16TH YEAR OF MEIJr. The Japanese Government has establised at Horinouchi-mura, Kurakigori, in Kanagawa Ken, Magazines for the Storage of GunPowder and other Explosives imported to Yokohama, and has framed the following regulations: ARTICLE 1.-The Magazines will be opened daily from 9, a. m. to 4 p. m. except on Sundays and the following holidays: 1st Month................1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 30th days. 2nd,,................. ilth day. 4th,.................3rd,, 10th.................17th,, 11th,,................. 3rd and 23rd days. 12th,,..................29th, 30th and 31st days. And the holidays appointed for the Vernal and Autumnal Equinoxes. Ntote.-In case-the Magazines should be closed on extraordinary days, i.e. on other than the above mentioned days, one week's notice will be given in one of the local newspapers. Should it be desired to have the Magazines opened on any of the above named holidays, 24 hours previous notice must be given to the Kencho. When thus opened, the hours are to be the same as on ordinary days. ARTICLE 2.-Persons desirous of storing Gun-powder or other explosive substances must make to the Kench6 an application in the annexed form, marked A, accompanied by a certificate showing that the goods have been entered at the Custom House and that the duty thereon has been paid. _Vote. —The Custom House certificate will be returned to the owner after inspection. ARTICLE 3.-An official of the Kencho will examine the documents and compare the goods with the application, and will issue a certificate of deposit according to the annexed form B. Note.-The goods can be receipted for in as many certificates as the applicant may desire. 378 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ARTICLE 4.-Gun-powder and explosives are not to be stored in the same magazine with detonators, fuses &c.; the former are to be stored in No. 1 Magazine and the detonators in No. 2 Magazine. Applicants must therefore give full particulars as to the nature of the goods to be stored to the Kencho whence the necessary directions will be given. ARTICLE 5.-No goods will be received at, or allowed to be removed from, the Magazine on rainy or windy days. ARTICLE 6.-No goods will be received on storage that are not securely packed in cases, barrels &c., or of which the contents are exposed. Note.-Cases and packages of every description must be distinctly marked and made up in such a manner as not to admit of deterioration. ARTICLE 7.-The Storage charges must be paid to the Kench6 on withdrawal of all, or any portion of the goods, which cannot be removed until this has been done. Note.-Owners of goods wishing to exhibit samples thereof, must first obtain the permission of the Kencho. ARTICLE 8.-On withdrawal of goods stored, an order must be given to the Kencho in the form marked C, and the certificate of deposit produced, and then the goods must be removed without delay. ARTICLE 9.-When explosives are to be conveyed from the Magazine, notice must be previously given to the Kencho as to their destination, and the localities through which they will pass in transportation, according to Form D. Red flag must also be displayed from the boat or vehicle by which the goods are conveyed. ARTICLE 10.-Should the owners of goods stored at the Magazine wish to transfer the ownership, without removal of the goods from the Magazines, to some other person, they can do so by making application to the Kencho according to form E, which must be signed by both seller and purchaser, and the old certificate of deposit must be surrendered. A new certificate of deposit will then be issued in the name of the purchaser. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, A.ND CONSUL. 379 ARTICLE 11.-The term of storage shall not exceed one year. When the year has expired, should the owner wish to continue the storage, the charges must be paid up to date and new application made according to the General Regulations. ARTICLE 12.-Should the goods not be withdrawn on expiration of the year and the storage charges remain unpaid, the Kencho will insert a notice in one of the local newspapers for the space of one month. On expiration of that period if the goods have not been withdrawn, the Kench5 may proceed to sell them at public auction; the amount due for storage and for expenses of sale and advertising will be deducted, and the balance, if any, will be retained at the Kencho. Should the owner eventually come claim the goods and produced the certificate of deposit, the balance will be handed to him after deductions of a charge of one per cent therefrom. ARTICLE 13.-When it is desired to have the magazines opened on holidays as provided in the note of Art. 1, application must be made to the Kench5 occording to form F, and a fee of one silver yen is to be paid for each hour that the magazine is kept open. Note.-Any part of an hour will be charged as one hour. ARTICLE 14.-The storage charges are 4 [sen in silver coin per month per cubic foot English measurement. Note.-Although goods measuring less than one cubic foot may be received at the Magazines, the minimum charge will be 4 sen in silver. The smallest charge will be for half a month and any number of days under 15 will be charged as half a month. ARTICLE 15.-The care of the goods stored in the Magazines is undertaken by the Japanese Government, which however, is not responsible for losses arising from the acts of God, fire, or convulsions of the elements. ARTICLE 16.-The forms for application for storage and delivery, are provided by the Kencho free of charge, to applicants therefor. 380 COIMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. STORAGE REGULATIONS. REVISED ON THE 16TH DAY, 3RD MONTH OF 10TH YEAR, MEIJI. The Japanese Government has established at Nakamura Warehouses intended for the Storage of Kerosine Oil and other substances imported to Yokohama, the inflammable nature of which, or their storage within the Settlement in large quantities renders them dangerous. The Government has entrusted the direction of the Warehouses, to an Official acting under the orders of the Kenrei of Kanagawa and whose duties are clearly defined in a series of instructions issued by the Kenrei and approved by the Treaty Consuls. The Establishment will be subject to the following Regulatious: ARTICLE 1.-The Warehouses will be open daily from 8 A. M. to 4 P. M. during the months from October 1st to March 31st, and from 6 A. M1. to 6 P. M. during the months from April 1st to September 30th, except on Sundays and following holidays: 1st Month................. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 30th days. 2nd,,.................11th day. 4th,,.................3rd,, 9th,,..................17th 11th,,..............3rdand 23rd days. 12th,................. 29th, 30th and 31st days. Should it be desired to have the Warehouses opened on any of the above named holidays, twenty four hours notice must be given. In case the Warehouses should be closed on extraordinary days, i. e. on other than the above-mentioned days, one week notice will be given in the Yokohama Newspapers. ABTICLE 2.-Persons desirous or storing Kerosine Oil or other Merchandise of an inflammable nature must make to the Director of the Warehouses an application in the annexed form marked A accompanied by a Certificate showing that the goods have been entered at the Custom House and that the duty thereon has been paid. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 381 ARTICLE 3.-The Director of the Warehouses will examine the documents and inspect the goods in order to verify the exactness of the declaration contained in the storage application and will issue a certificate of deposit according to the annexed form B. The Custom House receipts will be returned to the owner. Should the Director of the Warehouses discover any discrepancy between the weights and dimensions of the goods presented for storage and those specified in the application he will give notice to the owner. If actual discrepancies should be proved the owner shall be obliged to correct his application and any expense occasioned thereby will be defrayed by him. Note.-Persons storing goods can have the amount stored receipted for in as many certificates as they please. ARTICLE 4.-Kerosine Oil v-ill not be received at, and will not be allowed to be withdrawn from the Warehouses in less quantities than 50 Gallons. Other inflammable substances are not subject to this limit. ARTICLE 5.-Gunpowder and other explosive substances will not be received at the Warehouses. ARTICLE 6.-An open shed is erected on the compound in order to provide facilities for soldering, refilling and general repairs to cases prior to storage. ARTIC'LE 7.-Cases and packages of every description must be distinctly marked and made up in such a manner as not to admit of deterioration. ARTICLE 8.-Should the owner of goods stored at the Warehouses wish to transfer the ownership without removal from the Warehouses to some other person, he can do so by endorsing the transfer on the back of the certificate of deposit which must be brought to the Warehouses for countersignatures after verification by the Director. When the transfer is in favour of several parties a transfer document must be made out according to form D, and the original certificates of deposit must be returned. As many certificates will be issued as there are transferees. ARTICLE 9.-The storage charges must be paid on withdrawal of all or any portion of the goods which cannot be taken away until 382 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. this rule has been complied with. ARTICLE 10.-Should the owner wish to withdraw a sample case he must bring his certificate of Deposit and the Director of the Warehouses will inscribe on it the quantity withdrawn. Facilities will also be afforded for sampling at the Warehouses. ARTICLE 11.-On withdrawal of the goods deposited an order must be given in the form C. and the goods must be removed without delay. ARTICLE 12.-On withdrawal of the whole amount of goods stored, the certificate of deposit must be returned. ARTICLE 13.-The forms of application for storage &c. are printed in Japanese and English, and are provided by the Government free of charge. ARTICLE 14.-The term of storage shall not exceed one year. When the year has expired, and should the owner wish to continue tile storage, the charges must be paid up and a new application made according to the General Regulations. Should the goods not be withdrawn on expiration of the year and the storage charges remain unpaid, the Government will insert a notice in the paper for the space of one month. On expiration of that period and the goods not having been withdrawn, the Govornment may proceed to sell them at Public Auction. From the proceeds, the amount due for storage and for expenses of sale and advertising will be deducted and the balance will be retained by the Government. Should the owner eventually come to claim the property and produce the Certificate of deposit the balance will be handed to him less a charge of one per cent. ARTICLE 15.-The storage charges are as follows:For Kerosine Oil, Ordinary Cases of ten Gallons per month per Case........7 sen. For other inflammable substances, per English cubic foot per month........ 0 sen. Note.-The smallest charge will be for half a month, and any number of days under fifteen will be charged as half a month Should a longer experience shew it to be desirable, these charges CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 383 may be modified by the Local Authorities in conjunction with the Consuls of the Treaty Powers. AR.ICLE 16.-The care of the goods stored at the warehouses is confided to the Japanese Government who are not responsible for losses occasioned by leakage, fire, or convalsions of the elements. ARTICLE 17.-Goods belonging to Japanese will be subjected to these same rules, but will be stored in a separate building. AMENDED ORGANIZATION OF CUSTOM HOUSES.!,IJAERIAL ORDINANCE NO. 142. DATED JULY 24TH, 1890.) ARTICILE 1.-Custom Houses shall be under the superintendence of the Minister of State for Finance, and shall deal with business connected with customs. ARTICLE 2.-The following officials shall be attached to the various Custom Houses of the empire:Superintendents................. 4 Sonin rank. Vice-Superintendents........... 2 Sonin rank. Chief Appraisers (Kwantei-kan)...... 5 Sonin rank. Probationers for thi office of Chief Appraiser (Kwoantei-kan shiho)...... 5 Zoku........................... 207 Appraisers (Kwantei-ri)............ 21 Hannin rank. Inspectors (Kwan-ri)............ 24 Hannin rank. Assistant-Inspectors............... 264 Hannin rank. The office of the Superintendent of Osaka Custom House shall be held by the Superintendent or by the Vice-Superintendent of Kobe Custom House. That of Niigata Custom House by the Chief Collector of Niigata Prefecture. ARTICLE 3.-Superintendents of Custom Houses shall be under the guidance and control of the Minister of State for Finance, and shall have control of affairs relating the respective Custom Houses. ARTICLE 4.-Vice-Superintendents of Custom Houses shall be officials of rank belew that of the superintendents whom they are to assist, shall be attached one each to the Custom Houses of Yokohama and Kobe, and shall render assistance to the Superin 384 COMMEOCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. tendents of such offices, and discharge the latter's duties should they be prevented by some cause from doing so. ARTICLE 5.-Chief Appraisers shall be guided and controlled by the Superintendents, and shall discharge duties relating to the examination and appraising of goods. Chief Appraisers may in addition discharge the duties of heads of offices (kwachd). ARTICLE 6.-Zoku shall be under the control of their respective superiors, and shall discharge duties pertaining to records, accounts, and book-keeping. ARTICIE 7.-Appraisers shall be under the orders of their respective superiors, and shall be engaged in the examination and appraising of goods. ARTICLE 8.-Inspectors shall be under the control of their respective superiors, and shall deal with affairs connected with the prevention of smuggling and the non-payment of taxes (datsu-zei) having control over assistant-inspectors. ARTICLE 9.-Assistant-Inspectors shall assist inspectors in their duties. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICIALS. (IMPERIAL ORDINANCE No. 257, DATED OCTOBER 21ST, 1890.) ARTICLE 1.-The Organization of Diplomatic Officials shall be decided as follows:Minister Plenipotentiary, chokunin rank. Minister Resident (Benri-Koshi), 2nd class cltokluin rank or 1st class sonin rank. Charge d'Affaires (Dairi-Koshi), 1st or 2nd class soanin rank. Councillors of Legation, 1st or 2nd class so:in rank. Secretaries of Legation, 2nd or 3rd or 4th or fifth class sonin rank. Attache (k6saikwan shiho), 5th or 6th sonin rank. ARTICLE 2.-Officials of shinnin rank may be appointed Ministers Plenipotentiary as an additional office. ARTICLE 3.-Consuls may also be employed as diplomatic officials (gaiko jilitkivanl) in places where Ministers are not stationed. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 385 Diplomatic officials shall be of sonin rank. ARTICLE 4.-The Organization of. Consular Officials shall be as follows:Consul-General, 1st or 2nd class soninhrank. Consul, 2nd, 3rd or 5th class sonin rank. Vice-Consul, 5th or 6th class sonin rank. ARTICLE 5.-Commissioners of Trade (Boyeki-jim1ukwan) may be appointed to places where Consuls are not stationed. Commissioners of Trade shall be under 2nd so5zni rank. ARTICLE 6.-Honorary Consuls or acting Consuls may be appointed in places where Consuls or Commissioners of Trade are not stationed. ARTICLE 7.-Clerks shall be attched to legations and consulates. Clerks (shokisei) shall be of hannin rank. ARTICLE 8.-The Minister of State for Foreign Affairs may attach other assistants to legations or consulates should be consider the same necessary. ARTICLE 9.-The number of diplomatic and consular officials not in actual office shall be 15. Should the Minister for Foreign Affairs considers it necessary, he may increase 5 more, no salary to be paid. The tenure of office of the said officials shall be full three years, after that they shall be relieved from the office. THE FIXED NUMBER OR DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICIALS AND CLERKS. (IMPERIAL ORDINANCE No. 283. DATED DECEMBER, 1890.) The fixed number of Diplomatic and Consular Officials and Clerks shall be decided as follows:Minister Plenipotentiary and Minister Resident shall be 10 altogether. Councillors and Secretaries of Legation and Attache shall be 38. altogether. Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul and commissioners of Trade shall be 27 altogether. Clerks of Legation and Consulates shall be 72 altogether. S36 COIMMIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Diplomatic and Consular Officials not in actual office are not included in the fixed number. CONSULAR REGULATIONS OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN. (IMPERIAL ORDINANCE NO. 80. DATED MAY, 1890.) ARTICLE 1.-Consuls shall protect and promote the interests of the Empire of Japan, especially in matters affecting trade, intercourse, and navigation; they shall see that the treaties between Japan and the countries in which they reside are duly carried out; and they shall give such advice or protection as they may deem proper, if requested by Japanese subjects or subjects of the Powers in amity with Japan. In the conduct of their business, Consuls shall in all cases conform to the laws and regulations of Japan. No Consul shall, however, act contrary to the laws and customs of the country in which he resides, except in the case of Consuls residing in countries where special treaty stipulations or usages exist. ARTICLE 2.-A Consul shall provide a Register of Japanese subjects in the country where he resides and shall enter therein the residence, marriage, birth, and death reported to him. Certificates concerning these matters shall be issued, if requested. ARTICLE 3.-A Consul shall, in the event of the death of Japanese subjects in the country where he resides, taken measures for the, protection of the property of the deceased, which may be exposed to loss or injury owing to the absence of the successor or any other cause. ARTICLE 4.-A Consul shall grant temporary relief to Japanese subjects who may be found destitude in the country where he resides, or shall send them back to Japan. ARTICLE 5.-A Consul shall give his aid and assistance, if it should be necessary, to any vessel or crew belonging to the Navy of Japan. ARTICLE 6.-If any seaman should desert from a vessel belonging to the Navy of Japan, a Consul shall, at the instance of the Captain, request the Authorities of the country where he resides to arrest the deserter. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 387 ARTICLE 7.-A Consul shall afford the necessary assistance to Japanese vessels wrecked or otherwise in distress and shall supervise the assistance which may be rendered by the Authorities of the country where he resides. A Consul shall attest marine protects and extended protests. ARTICLE 8.-A Consul shall exercise supervision in respect to the national flag of Japanese vessels. A Consul shall issue certificates sanctioning the hoisting of the national flag. ARTICLE 9.-A Consul shall authenticate agreements for engaging or discharging seamen of Japanese vessels in the country where he resides. ARTICLE 10.-A Consul shall authenticate the sale or hypothecation of Japanese vessels. ARTICLE 11.-A Consul may require the masters of Japanese vessels visiting the ports of the country where he resides to report their arrival and departure. A Consul shall keep in his custody ship's papers, if the regulation or usage of the port of arrival requires such papers to be deposited with him. ARTICLE 12.-A Consul may issue passports to Japanese subjects and may also verify passports in their possession. A Consul may, if requested, verify passports of foreigners intendng to visit Japan. ARTICLE 13.-A Consul miy issue a bill of health, at the request of the master, to a Japanese vessel or to a foreign vessel bound for Japan. ARTICLE 14.-A Consul may attest signatures and seals in documents issued by the Authorities of the country where he resides. ARTICLE 15.-If any seaman should desert from a Japanese vessel in the country where a Consul resides, the latter may, at the request of the master, communicate with Authorities of the country in order to compel the deserter to return to the vessel. ARTICLE 16.-Should the commnlni or navigation of a Japanese vessel be obstructed owing to the illness or death of the mister or any other cause, a Consul mIy tempor-rily appoint a master at the CO3MM1IERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. request of the parties interested in the vessel. ARTICLE 17.-A Consul who resides in a country where Consular Jurisdiction exists either by treaty or usage shall exercise judicial powers. ARTICLE 18.-A Consul may intervene, if requested by the parties concerned, to bring about an amicable settlement of a dispute ccncerning civil right, which may arise between a Japanese subject and a foreigner or between Japanese subjects themselves. ARTICLE 19.-A Consul may exercise control over Japanese subjects and vessels so far as such control is not in conflict with the laws, regulations, and customs of the country where he resides. ARTICLE 20.-A Consul may request the assistance of a Japanese man-of-war, if such assistance is neoessary to the exercise of his duties. ARTICLE 21.-A Consul shall collect fees and charges in accordance with the Tariff of Consular Fees and Charges for Attendance prescribed in these Regulations. In matters, however, specially provided by laws or regulations, such special provisions shall te observed. ARTICLE 22.-The fees of the 1st and 2nd items of the Tariff may be remitted if the party concerned has no ability to pay them. The fee of the 3rd item of the Tariff shall be remitted if the value of the property is less than 50 yen. ARTICLE 23.-If the person who has requested the attention of a Consul should withdraw his application, half the prescribed fee shall be charged. ARTICLE 24.-If a certificate is given in a foreign language, 50 per cent of the prescribed fee shall be collected in addition thereto. Should translation be necessary, the actual expense thereof shall also be charged. ARTICLE 25.-If the laws, regulations, or customs of any locality should require the attestation or attention of a Consul in matters not specified in the Tariff, fees not exceeding 5 yen shall be charged in accordance with the usual practice of such locality. ARTICLE 2G.-If a Consul should, on application by a Japanese subject, transact any business requiring his attendance outside of CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 389' the placz where the Consulate is situated, the charges for such attandnce shall be paid by the applicant in addition to the prescribed fees. ARTICLE 27.-In the exercise of Consular Jurisdiction, the Regulations relating t3 Stam) Daties on Legal, DoQuments shall be applied. ARTICLE 28. --- Consul shall transmit to the Minister of Foreign Affairs reports on mltters within the scope of his duties. ARTICLE 29.-Correspondence between Consuls and the Government Offices of Japan shall be forwarded unsealed through the Department of Foreign Affairs. Should, however, a direct communication be made in case of urgent necessity, a copy thereof shall be forwarded to the Minister for Foreign Affairs by the next mail. ARTIcLE 33.-In these Regulations, the term " Consuls '" includes Consuls-General, Consuls, and officers acting for them and also Vica-Consul furnished with Commissions an: officers acting for them. TtRIIFF OF CONSULAR FEES AND CHAR.RES FOR ATTENDANCE. 1. Registry, of residence, marriage, birth, or death... 20 sen. C. Certificate of the above......... *...... 50 sen. 3. Inventory, custody sealing, or public sale of the estates of deceased: If the value does not exceed 500 yen......... 1 per cent. (the minimum being 2 yen). If the value exceeds 500 yen............. per cent. (the maximum being 23 yen). 4. Passport............................ 2 yen. 5. Visa on the above.................... 1 yen. 6. Marine protest......................... 1 yen. 7. Extended protest... -............... 5 yen. 8. Copy of the above........................ 1 yen. 390 COMMIIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. 9. Report of the arrival of departure of a ship and custody of the ship's papers: For vessels of not less than 15 tons and less than 50 tons registered (not less than 150 koku and less than 500 koku)................................... 30 sen. For vessels of not less than 50 tons and less than registered (not less than 500 koku and less than 100 koku).... 50 sen. For vessels of not less than 100 tons and less than 200 tons registered (1,000 koku or upwards)............. 1 yen. For vessels of not less than 200 tons and less than 500 tons registered........................... 3 yen. For vessels of 500 tons registered or upwards...... 5 yen. No fees shall be charged on fishing vessels. 10. Authentication of sale or hypothecation of a vessel: For a vessel, the registered tonnage of which does not exceed 15 tons (or 150 koku)......................50 sen. For a vessel, the registered tonnage of which is more than 15 tons (or 150 koku) and does not exceed 100 tons (or 1,000 koku)........................... 1 yen. For a vessel, the registered tonnage of which exceeds 100 tons (or 1,000 koku)....................... 4 yen. 11. Sanction for the hoisting of the national flag: Fees to be charged at the same rates as prescribed in clause 10. 12. Services in securing the return of a deserted seaman.. 2 yen. 13. Authentication of agreement for the engagement or discharge of seamen...... 1 per cent of the employe's monthly wages. 14. Bill of health......................... 2 yen. 15. Charges for attendance outside of the place where the Consulate is situated: For the first hour...................... yen. For each subsequent hour or fraction of an hour... 50 sen. For each day (six hours being taken as one day)... 5 yen. The Consular fees and travelling expenses are received in foreign money. CUSTOM HOUSE, MINISTER, AND CONSUL. 391 LOCATION OF THE JAPANESE LEGATIONS, CONSULATES, AND HONORARY. LEGATIONS. Washington, United States (having jurisdiction over Mexico). London, Great Britain. Hague, Holland (having jurisdiction over Denmark). St. Petersburg, Russia (haviug jurisdiction over Sweden and 'Norway). Paris, France (having jurisdiction over Spain and Portugal). Berlin, Germany (having jurisdiction over Belgium). Vienna, Australia (having jurisdiction over Switzerland). Rome, Italy. Pekin, China. Seoul, Corea. CONSULATES. New York, United States. San Francisco, United States. London, Great Britain. Vladivostock, Russia. Korsakoff,,, Lyons, France. Shanghai, China (having jurisdiction over Chin-kiang and Ningpo). Tien-tsin, China. Hankow, China (having jurisdiction over Kin-kiang). Chefoo, China. Fu-tchow, China (having jurisdiction over Amoy anl Tan S.hia). Jenchuen, Corea. Seoul, Corea. Fusan, Corea. Yuensan, Corea. Honolulu, Hawaii. Hongkong, British Territory (having jurisdiction over Macao, Canton, Swantow and Weuchow). Manilla, Spanish Territory. 392 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY' IN JAPAN. Singapore, British Territory. Vancouver,,, Mexico, Mexican Republic. HONORARY CONSULS. Berlin, Germany. Hamburg,,, Bremen,,, Brussel, Belgium. Antwerp,,, Milan, Italy. Naple,,, Venice,,, Messina,,, Marseilles, France. Liverpool, Great Britain. Glasgow,.. Trieste, Austria. Newchwang, China. Melbourne, Australia, (having jurisdiction over Queensland, New South \TWales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia). Odessa, Russia. JAPANESE AND AMERIC:AN TRIDE. 393. CHAPTER V. JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. The Empire has long been in the state of secluision with foreign countries except China and Holland with only Nagasaki for the trading port. But in 1853, two American man-of-war made the sudden appearance in the Harbour of Uraga advising the opening of the country to foreign trade. In the Letter of President Filmare tendered to the Shogunate through Admiral Perry it says: The western coast of our country, rich in the precious stones, produce over 40,000,000 yen of gold every year, stand right opposite to your country within 18 days passage by steamer. As the soil of Japan is fertile and people is sagacious and accomplished, let us both enjoy the benefit from tranding with each other, in ecase, after some years experience it should prove unprofitable, it will be perfectly proper to abandon it altogether. Great number of our vessels going to China generally navigate off your coast, and if by violent wind come adrift to your shores entrust them to your hospitality. Your country abounds in coal and provisions, in case our sailors stand in need of them, we assign them to your generosity." The Shogunate deemed this as too grave a matter that admits no hasty answer, and told the mission to withdraw after making some present. The following 394 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. year, 1854, Perry again entered the Harbour of Uraga urging the opening of friendly intercourse and commerce. Accordingly on March, the Treaty of Peace and Amity was concluded at Kanagawa, opening at the same time the port of Shinoda, and promising to open Hakodate on March of the next year. This is popularly called the Perry Treaty, the full chapters of which are given in the succeeding pages. TREATY OF PEACE AND AMITY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN. SIGNED AT KANAGAWA, MARCH 1ST, 1854, (3RD DAY OF 3RD MONTH, 7TH YEAR OF KAYEI). RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT SIMODA, FEBRUARY 21ST, 1855, (5TH DAY OF 1ST. MONTH, 2ND YEAR OF ANSEI). The United States of America and the Empire of Japan, desiring to establish firm, lasting, and sincere friendship between the two nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear and positive, by means of a treaty or general convention of peace and amity, the rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the intercourse of their respective countries; for which most desirable object the President of the United States has conferred full powers on his commissioner, Matthew Calbraith Perry, special embassador of the United States to Japan, and the August Sovereign of Japan has given similar full powers to his commissioners, Hayashi Dai-gakuno-kami, Ido, prince of Tsushima, Izawa, prince of Minmasaka, and Udono, member of the Board of Revenue. And the said com [In the Article XII of the Treaty signed at Yedo, in the 5th year of Ansei it is provided that "Such of the provisions of the Treaty made by Commodore Perry and signed at Kanagawa, on the 31st of March, 1854, as conflict with the provision of this treaty are hereby revoked."] JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 395 misioners, after having exchanged their said full powers and duly considered the premises, have agreed to the following Articles:Article 1.-There shall be a perfect, permanent and universal peace, and a sincere and cordial amity between the United States of America on the one part, and the empire of Japan on the other part, and between their people respectively, without exception of persons or places. Article 2.-The port of Simoda in the principality of Idzu, and the port of Hakodate in the principality of Matsumai, are granted by the Japanese Government as ports for the reception of American ships, where they can be supplied with wood, water, provisions, and coal, and other articles their necessities may require, as far as the Japanese have them. The time for opening the first named port is immediately on signing this treaty; the last named port is to be opened immediately after the same day in the ensuing Japanese year. Note.-A tariff of prices shall be given by the Japanese officers of the things which they can furnish, payment for which shall be made in gold and silver coin. Article 3.-Whenever ships of the United States are thrown or wrecked on the coast of Japan, the Japanese vessels will assist them, and carry their crews to Simoda or' Hakodate, and hand them over to their countrymen appointed to receive them; whatever articles the shipwrecked men may have preserved shall likewise be restored, and the expenses incurred in the rescue and support of Americans and Japanese who may thus be thrown upon the shores of either nation are not to be refunded. Article 4.-Those shipwrecked persons and other citizens of the United States shall be free as in other countries, and not subjected to confinement, but shall be amenable to just laws. Article 5.-Shipwrecked men and other citizens of the United States, temporarily living at Simoda and Hakodate, shall not be subject to such restrictions and confinement as the Dutch and Chinese are at Nagasaki, but shall be free at Simoda to go where they please within the limits of seven Japanese miles (or ri) from a small island in the harbour of Simoda, marked on the accompany :3t3 COIMMIERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JIPAEN ing chart hereto appended; and shall in like manner be free to go where they please at Hakodate, within limits to be defined after the visit of the United States squadron to that place. Article 6.-If there be any other sort of goods wanted, or any )business which shall require to be arranged, there shall be careful dleliberation between the parties in order to settle such matters. Article 7.-It is agreed that ships of the United States resorting to the ports open to them shall be permitted to exchange gold and silver coin and articles of goods for other articles of goods, under such regulations as shall be temporarily established by the Japanese government for that purpose. It is stipulated, however, that the ships of the United States shall be permitted to carry away whatever articles they are unwilling to exchange. Article 8.-Wood, water, provisions, coal, and goods required, shall only be procured through the agency of Japanese officers appointed for that purpose, and in no other manner. Article 9.-It is agreed, that if at any future day the government of Japan shall grant to any other nation or nations privileges and advantages which are not herein granted to the United States and the citizens thereof, that these same privileges and advantages shall be granted likewise to the United States and to the citizens thereof, without any consultation or delay. Article 10.-Ships of the United States shall be permitted to resort to no other ports in Japan but Simoda and Hakodate, unless in distress or forced by stress of weather. Article 11.-There shall be appointed by the government of the United States consuls or agents to reside in Simoda, at any time after the expiration of eighteen months from the date of the signing of this treaty; provided that either of the two governments deem such arrangement necessary. Article 12.-The present convention having been concluded and duly signed, shall be obligatory and faithfully observed by the United States of America and Japan, and by the citizens and subjects of each respective power; and it is to be ratified and approved by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the August Sovereign of JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 39,7' Japan, and the ratifications shall be exchanged within eighteen months from the date of the signature thereof, or sooner if practicable. In faith whereof, we, the respective plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and the Empire of Japan aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents. Done at Kanagawa this thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four and of Kayei, the seventh year, third month, and third day. (L. S.) (Sd.) M. C. Perry., Hayashi Daigaku no Kami... Ido Tsushimamno Kami., Udono Minbush6iu. Heretofore the advantage of the foreign trade and the conditions of European and American countries were unknown to the mass of people, but their attention to foreign affairs and the advantage of commerce, had now begun to be turned from this' period. Not long after, Townsend Harris, an American, came to our country and after the lapse of two long years of laborious discussion, going back and forth, at last concluded the Treaty of Amity and Commerce at Yedo promising to open the' five ports, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kanagawa, Hyiogo, and Niigata as free trading ports, and five years later, 1860, the Ambassador with the Letter of the Emperor was-despatched to America and ratifications were exchanged at Washington thus the amity and, commerce between the two countries was assured. The article of the Treaty and Regulations of Cominercial trade are given in the following pages. 398 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN. SIGNED AT YEDO, JULY 29TH, 1858. (19TH DAY OF 6TH MOD1TH, 5TH YEAR OF ANSEI). RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT WASHINGTON, MAY 22ND, 1860. (3RD DAY OF 4TH MONTH, 1ST YEAR OF MANYEN.) The President af the United States of America and his Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, desiring to establish on firm and lasting foundations, the relations of peace and friendship now happily existing between the two countries, and to secure the best interest of their respective citizens and subjects, by encouraging, facilitating and regulating their industry and trade, have resolved to conclude a treaty of amity and commerce, for this purpose, and have therefore named as Their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: The President of the Unitel States, His Excellency Townsend Harris, Consul-General of the United States of America for the Empire of Japan, and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, Their Excellencies Ino-oo-ye, Prince of Sinano, and Iwasay, Prince of Higo, who, after having communicated to each other, their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded the following articles. ARTICLE 1.-There shall henceforward be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States of America and his Majesty the Tycoon of Japan and his successors. The President of the United States may appoint a diplomatic agent to reside at the city of Yedo, and consuls or consular agents to reside at any or all of the ports in Japan, which are opened for American commerce by this treaty. The diplomatic agent and consul-general of the United States, shall have the right to travel freely in any part of the empire of Japan, from the time they enter on the discharge of their official duties. The government of Japan may appoint a diplomatic agent to reside at Washington, and consuls or consular agents for any or all of the ports of the United States. The diplomatic agent and con JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 399 sul-general of Japan may travel freely in any part of the United states from the time they arrive in the country. ARTICLE 2.-The President of the United States, at the request of the Japanese government, will act as a friendly mediator in such matters of difference, as may arise, between the government of Japan and any European power. The ships of war of the United States shall render friendly aid and assistance, to such Japanese vessels, as they may meet on the high seas, so far as can be done, without a breach of neutrality, and all American consuls, residing at ports visited by Japanese vessels, shall also give them such friendly aid, as may be permitted by the laws of the respective countries, in which they reside. ARTICLE 3.-In addition to the ports of Simoda and Hakodate, the following ports and towns shall be opened on the dates respectively appended to them, that is to say: Kanagawa, on the (4th of July, 1859.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine. Nagasaki, on the (4th of July, 1859.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine. Nee-e-gata, on the (1st of January, 1860.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty. Hiogo, on the (1st of January, 1863.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. If Nee-e-gata is found to be unsuitable as a harbor, another port on the west coast of Nipon shall be selected by the two governments in lieu thereof. Six months after the opening of Kanagawa, the port of Simoda shall be closed as a place of residence and trade for American citizens. In all the foregoing ports and towns, American citizens may permanently reside, they shall have the right to lease ground, and purchase the buildings thereon, and may erect dwellings and warehouses. But no fortification or place of military strength, shall be erected under pretense of building dwelling or warehouse, and to see that this article is observed, the Japanese authorities shall have the right to inspect, from time to time, any buildings which are be 400 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. ing erected, altered or repaired. The place, which the Americans shall occupy for their buildings, and the harbor regulations shall be arranged by the American consul, and the authorities of each place, and if they cannot agree, the matter shall be referred to, and settled by the American diplomatic agent and the Japanese government. No wall, fence, or gate, shall be erected by the Japanese around the place of residence of the Americans, or anything done, which may prevent a free egress and ingress to the same. From the (1st of January, 1862.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, Americans shall be allowed to reside in the city of Yedo, and from the (1st of January, 1863.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the city of Osaca, for the purposes of trade only. In each of these two cities, a suitable place, within which they may hire houses, and the distance they may go, shall be arranged by the American diplomatic agent and the government of Japan. Americans may freely buy from Japanese and sell to them, any articles that either may have for sale, without the intervention of any Japanese officer, in such purchase or sale, or in making or receiving payment for the same, and all classes of the Japanese may purchase, sell, keep or use, any articles sold to them by the Americans. The Japanese Government will cause this clause to be made public, in every part of the empire, as soon as the ratifications of this treaty shall be exchanged. Munitions of war shall only be sold to the Japanese government and foreigners. No rice or wheat shall be exported from Japan as cargo, but all Americans resident in Japan, and ships for their crews and passengers, shall be furnished with sufficient supplies of the same. The Japanese government will sell from time to time, at public auction, any surplus quantity of copper, that may be produced. Americans, residing in Japan, shall have the right to employ Japanese as servants or in any other capacity. ARTICLE 4.-Duties shall be paid to the government of Japan, on JAP.ANESE AND AMIERICAN TRADE. 401 all goods landed in the country, and on all articles of Japanese production, that are exported as cargo, according to the tariff hereunto appended. If the Japanese custom-house officers are dissatisfied with the value placed on any goods, by the owner, they may place a value thereon, and offer to take the goods at that valuation. If the owner refuses to accept the offer, he shall pay duty on such valuation. If the offer be accepted by the owner, the purchase money shall be paid to him without delay, and without any abatement or discount. Supplies for the use of the-United States navy may be landed at Kanagawa, Hakodate and Nagasaki, and stored in Warehouses, in the custody of an officer of the American government, without the payment of any duty. But if any such supplies are sold in Japan, the purchaser shall pay the proper duty to the Japanese authorities. The importation of opium is prohibited, and any American vessel coming to Japan, for the purposes of trade, having more than (3) three catties (four pounds avoird upois) weight of opium on board, such surplus quantity shall be seized and destroyed by the Japanese authorities. All goods imported into Japan, and which have paid the duty fixed by this treaty, may be transported by the Japanese, into any part of the empire, without the payment of any tax, excise or transit duty, whatever. No higher duties shall be paid by Americans on goods imported into Japan, than are fixed by this treaty, nor shall any higher duties be paid by Americans, than are levied on the same description of goods, if imported in Japanese vessels, or the vessels of any other nation. ARTICLE 5.-All foreign coin, shall be current in Japan, and pass for its corresponding weight of Japanese coin of the same description. Americans and Japanese may freely use foreign coin in making payments to each other. As some time will elapse before the Japanese will be acquainted with value of foreign coin, the Japanese Government will, for the period of one year after the opening of each harbor furnish the 402 COMMiERCE A4ND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Americans with Japanese coin, in exchange for theirs, equal weights being given and no discount taken for recoinage. Coins of all descriptions (with the exception of Japanese copper coin) may be exported from Japan, and foreign gold and silver uncoined. ARTICLE 6.-Americans, committing offenses against Japanese, shall be tried in Ameriea Consular Courts, and when found guilty, shall be punished according to American law. Japanese, committing offenses against Americans, shall be tried by the Japanese authorities, and punished according to Japanese law. The Consular Courts shall be open to Japanese creditors, to enable them to recover their just claims against American citizens, and the Japanese Courts shall in like manner be open to American citizens, for the recovery of their just claims against Japanese. All claims for forfeitures or penalties for violations of this treaty, or of the articles regulating trade, which are appended hereunto, shall be sued for in the consular courts, and all recoveries shall be delivered to the Japanese authorities. Neither the American or Japanese governments are to be held responsible for the payment of any debts, contracted by their respective citizens or subjects. ARTICPE 7.-In the opened harbors of Japan, Americans shall be free to go where they please, within the following limits: At Kanagawa, the river Rokugo (which empties into the bay of Yedo, between Kawasaki and Shinagawa) and (10) ten ri in any other direction. At Hakodate, (10) ten ri in any direction. At Hiogo, (10) ten ri in any directions, that of Kioto excepted, which city shall not be approached nearer than (10) ten ri. The crews of vessels resorting to Hiogo shall not cross the river Enagawa, which empties into the bay between Hiogo and Osaca. The distances shall be measured inland from the goyoso or townhall of each of the foregoing harbors, the ri being equal to (4275) four thousand two hundred and seventy-five yards, American measure. JAPANESE AND 4AMERICAN TRADE. 403 At Nagasaki, Americans may go into any part of the imperial domain in its vicinity. The boundaries of Neega.ta, or the place, that may be substituted for it, shall be settled by the American diplomatic agent and the government of Japan. Americans who may have been convicted of felony, or twice convicted of misdemeanors, shall not go more than'(1) one Japanese ri in land, from the places of their respective residences, and all persons so convicted, shall lose their right of permanent residence in Japan, and the Japanese authorities may require them to have the country. A reasonable time shall be allowed to all such persons to settle their affairs, and the American consular authority shall, after an examination into the circumstances of each case, determine the time to be allowed, but such time shall not in any case exceed one year, to be calculated from the time the person shall be free, to attend to his affairs. ARTICLE 8.-Americans in Japan shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, and for this purpose shall have the right, to erect suitable places of worship. No injury shall be done to such buildings, nor any insult be offered to the religious worship of the Americans. American citizens shall not injure any Japanese temple or mia, or offer any insult or injury to Japanese religious ceremonies, or to the objects of their worship. The Americans and Japanese shall not do anything, that may be calculated to excite religious animosity. The government of Japan has already abolished the practice of trampling on religious emblems. ARTICLE 9.-WVhen requested by the American consul, the Japanese authorities will cause the arrest of all deserters and fugitives from justice, receive in jail all persons, held as prisoners, by the consul, and give to the consul such assistance, as may be required to enable him to enforce the observance.of the laws, by the Americans, who are on land, and to maintain order among the shipping. For all such services, and for the support of prisoners 404 COIMMEIRCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. kept in confinement, the consul shall in all cases pay a just compensation. ARTICLE 10.-The Japanese government may purchase or construct in the United States, ships of war, steamers, merchant ships, whaleships, cannon, munitions of war, and arms of all kinds, and any other things it may require. It shall have the right to engage in the United States, scientific, naval and military men, artisans of all kinds, and mariners to enter into its service. All purchases made for the government of Japan, may be exported from the United States, and all persons engaged for its service may freely depart from the United States. Prorided,-that no articles that are contraband of war shall be exported, nor any persons engaged to act in a naval or military capacity, while Japan shall be at war with any power in amity with the United States. ARTICLE 11.-The articles for the regulation of trade, which are appended to this treaty, shall be considered as forming a part of the same, and shall be equally binding on both the contracting parties to this treaty, and on their citizens and subjects. ARTICLE 12.-Such of the provisions of the treaty made by Commodore Perry, and signed at Kanagawa, on the 31st of March, 1854, as conflict with the provisions of this treaty, ate hereby revoked and as all the provisions of a convention, executed by the consulgeneral of the United States and govenors of Simoda, on the 17th of June, 1857, are incorporated in this treaty, that convention is also revoked. The person charged with the diplomatic relations of the United States in Japan, in conjunction with such person or persons, as may be appointed for that purpose, by the Japanese government, shall have power to make such rules and regulations, as may be required to carry into full and complete effect, the provisions of this treaty, and the provisions of the articles regulating trade, appended thereunto. ARTICLE 13.-After the (4th of July, 1872.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, upon the desire of either the American or Japanese government, and on one year's notice given by either party, this treaty, and such portions of the JAPA NESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 405 treaty of Kanagawa, as remain unrevoked by this treaty, together with the regulations of trade hereunto annexed, or those that may be hereafter introduced, shall be subject to revision, by commissioners, appointed on both sides, for this purpose, who will be empowered to decide on, and insert therein, such amendments as experience shall prove to be desirable. ARTICLE 14.-This treaty shall go into effect on the (4th of July, 1859.) fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, on or before which day the ratifications of the same, shall be exchanged at the city of Washington, but if from any unforeseen cause, the ratifications can not be ex, changed by that time, the treaty shall still go into effect, at the ldate above mentioned. The act of ratification on the part of the United States, shall be verified by the signature of the President of the United States, countersigned by the Secretary of State, and sealed with the seal of the United States. The act of ratification on the part of Japan, shall be verified by the name and seal of His Majesty the Tycoon, and by the seals and signatures of such of his high officers, as he may direct. This treaty is executed in quadruplicate, each copy being written in the English, Japanese and Dutch languages, all the versions having the same meaning and intention, but the Dutch version shall be considered as being the original. In witness whereof, the above named Plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their hands and seals at the city of Yedo, this twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the eight-third, corresponding to the Japanese era, the ninteenth day of the sixth month of the fifth year of Ansei Mma. (L. S.) Tnoooye Shinano no Kami., Iwase Higo no Kami. Townsend Harris. 406 COMMERXCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. REGULATION UNDER WHICH AMERICAN TRADE IS TO BE CONDUCTED IN JAPAN. REGULATION I. Within (48) forty-eight hours, (Sundays excepted) after the arrival of an American Ship in a Japanese pert, the captain or commander shall exhibit to the Japanese custom-house authorities, the receipt of the American consul, showing that he has deposited the ship's register and other papers, as required by the laws of the United States, at the American Consulate; and he shall then make an entry of his ship, by giving a written papar, stating the name of the port, from which she comes, her tonnage, the name of her captain or commander, the names of her passengers (if any) and the number of her crew, which paper shall be certified by the captain or commander, to be a true statement, and shall be signed by him; he shall at the same time deposit a written manifest of his cargo, setting forth the marks and numbers of the packages, and their contents, as they are described in his bills of lading, with the names of the person or persons, to whom they are consigned. A list of the stores of the ship shall be added to the manifest. The captain or commander shall certify the manifest to be a true account of all the cargo and stores on board the ship, and shall sign his name to the samne. If any error is discovered in the manifest, it may be correctod within (24) twenty-four hours (Sundays excepted), without the payment of any fee, but for any alteration or post entry to the manifest, made after that time, a fee of ($15) fifteen dollars shall be paid. All goods not entered on the manifest, shall pay double duties on being landed. Any captain or commander,.that shall neglect to enter his vessel, at the Japanese custom-house, within the time prescribed by this regulation, shall pay a penalty of ($60) sixty dollars for each day, that he shall so neglect to enter his ship. REGULATION 2.-The Japanese government shall have the right to place custom-house officers, on board of any ship in their ports .TAPANESE AND AHMERICAXN T'RADE. 407 (men-of-war excepted). All custom-house officers shall be treated with civility, and such reasonable accommodations shall be allotted to them, as the ship affords. No goods shall be unladen from any ship, between the hours of sunset and sunrise, except by special permission of the customhouse authorities, and the hatches and all other places of entrance into that part of the ship, where the cargo is stowed, may be secured by Japanese officers, between the hours of sunset and sunrise, by affixing seals, locks, or other fastenings: and if any person shall, without due permission, open any entrance, that has been so secured, or shall break or remove any seal, lock or other fastening, that has been affixed by the Japanese custom-house officers, every person so offending, shall pay a fine of ($60) sixty dollars for each offense. Any goods, that shall be discharged or attempted to be discharged from any ship, without having been duly entered at the Japanese custom-house, as hereinafter provided shall be liable to seizure and confiscation. Packages of goods, made up with an intent to defraud the revenue of Japan, by concealing therein articles of value, which are, not set forth in the invoice, shall be forfeited. American ships, that shall smuggle, or attempt, to smuggl goods, in any of the non-opened harbors of Japan, all such goods shall be forfeited to the Japanese government, and the ship shall pay a fine of ($1,000) one thousand dollars for each offense. Vessels, needing repairs, may land their cargo for that purpose, without the payment of du y. All goods so landed shall remain in charge of the Japanese authorities, and all just charges for storage, labor and supervision, shall be paid thereon. But if any portion of such cargo be sold, the regular duties shall be paid on the portion so disposed of. Cargo may be transhipped to another vessels in the same harbor, without the payment of duty; but all such transhipments shall be made under the supervision of Japanese officers, and after satisfactory proof has been given to, the custom-house authorities, of the hona fide nature of the transaction, and also under a permit to be 408 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. granted, for that purpose by such authories. The importation of opium being prohibited, if any person or persons shall smuggle, or attempt to smuggle any opium, he or they shall pay a fine of ($15) fifteen dollars for each catty of opium so smunggled or attempted to be smuggled; and if more than one person shall be engaged in the;offense, they shall collectively be held responsible for the paSyment of the foregoing penalty. REGIULATION III.-The owner or consignee of any goods,, who desires to land them, shall make an'entry of the same, at the Japanese custom-house. The entry shall be in writing, and shall set forth the name of the person making the entry, and the name of the ship, in which the goods were imported, and the marks, numbers, packages, and the contents thereof, with the value of each package extended separately in one amount, and at the bottom of the entry shall be placed the aggregate value of all the goods contained in the entry. On each entry the owner or consignee shall certify in writing, that the entry then presented exhibits the actual cost of the goods, and that nothing has been concealed, whereby the customs of Japan would be defrauded; and the owner or consignee shall sign his name to such certificate. The original Invoice or Invoices of the goods so entered, shall be presented to the custom-house authorities, and shall remain in their possession, until they have examined the goods contained in the entry. ''he Japanese officers may examine any or all of the packages so entered, and for this purpose may take them to the custom-house, but such examination shall be without ~expense, to the importer, or injury to the goods, and after examination, the Japanese shall restore the goods to their original condition, in the packages (so far as may be practicable), and such examination shall be made without any uureasonable delay. If any owner or importer discovers that his goods have been dlamaged, on the voyage of importation, before such goods have been delivered to him, he may notify the custom-house authorities of such lamage, and he may have the damaged goods, appraised, by two or more competent and disinterested persons, who, after due examina JAPANESE AND AME4RICAN TRADE. 409 tion, shall make a certificate, seting forth the,amount per cent of damage on each separate package, describing it by its mark and number, which certificate shall be signed by the Appraisers, in presence of the custom-house authoritias, and the importer may attach the certificate to his entry, and make a corresponding deduction from it. But this shall not prevent the custom-house authorities from appraising the goods in the manner provided in article fourth of the treaty, to which these regulations are appended. After the duties have been paid, the owner shall receive a permit, authorizing the delivery to him of the goods, whether the same are at the custom-house or on ship board. All goods, intended to be exported shall be entered at the Japanese custom-house, before they are placed on ship board. The entry shall be in writing and shall state the name of the ship by which the goods are to be exported, with the marks and numbers of the packages, and the quantity, description and value of their contents. The exporter shall certify in writing, that the entry is a true account of all the goods contained therein, and shall sign his name thereto. Any goods, that are put on board of a ship for exportation, before they have been entered at the custom-house, and all packages, which contain prohibited articles, shall be forfeited to the Japanese government. No entry at the custom-house shall be required, for supplies for the use of ships, their crews and passengers, nor for the clothing &c., of passengers. REGULATION IV.-Ships, wishing to clear, shall give (24) twentyfour hour's notice at the custom-house, and at the end of that time, they shall be entitled to their clearance; but if it be refused, the custom-house authorities shall immediately inform the captain or consignee of the ship, of the reasons why the clearance is refused, and they shall also give the same notice to the American consul. Ships of war of the United States shall not be required to enter or clear at the custom-house, nor shall they be visited by Japanese custom-house or police officers. Steamers, carrying the mails of the United States, may enter and clear on the same day, and the shall not be required to make. a 410 COMMERCE AND INDUSTIRY IN JAPAN. manifest, except for, such passengers and goods, as are to be landed in Japan. But such steamers shall, in all cases, enter and clear at the custom-house. Whale ships, touching for supplies, or ships in distress, shall not be required to make a manifest of their cargo, but if they subsequently wish to trade, they shall then deposit a manifest, as required in regulation first. The word ship, wherever it occurs in these regulations, or in thetreaty, to which they are attached, is to be held as meaning ship, barque, brig, schooner, sloop or steamer. REGULATION V.-Any person, signing a false declaration or certificate, with the intent to defraud fhe revenue of Japan, shall pay a fine of ($125) one hundred and twenty-five dollars for each offense. REGULATION VI.-No tonnage duties shall be levied on American ships, in the ports of Japan, but the following fees shall be paid to the Japanese custom-house authorities. For the entry of a ship ($15) fifteen dollars. For the clearance of a ship ($7) seven dollars. For each permit ($1j) one dollar and a half. For each bill of health ($1) one dollar and a half. For any other document ($1l) one dollar and a half. REGULATION VII.-Duties shall be paid to the Japanese government, on all goods landed in the country, according to the follwing tariff:Class 1. All articles in this class shall be free of duty. Gold and silver, coined or uncoined. Wearing apparel in actual use. Household furniture and printed books, not intended for sale, but the property of persons, who come to reside in Japan. Class 2. A duty of (5) five per cent. shall be paid on the following articles:All articles used for the purpose of building, rigging or fitting out of ships. Whaling gear of all kinds. Salted provisions of all kinds. JAPANESE AND AMERICAN T1RADE. 411 Bread and bread stuffs. Living animals of all kinds. Coals. Timber for building houses, rice, paddy, steam-machinery. Zinc, lead, tin, raw silk. Class 3. A duty of (35) thirty five per cent., shall be paid on all intoxicating liquors, whether prepared by distillation, fermentation, or in any other manner. Class 4. All goods, not included in any of the preceding classes, shall pay a duty of (20) twenty per cent. All articles of Japanese production, which are exported as cargo, shall pay a duty of (5) five per cent., with the exception of gold and silver coin, and copper in bars. (5) Five years after the [opening of Kanagawa, the import and export duties shall be subject to revision, if the Japanese government desires it. In 1866 the delegates of two countries held a conference to amend the article 7 of the Regulation as to the duty levied on the commodities imported and exported. It resulted in the exchange of the Revised Tariff Convention at Yedo, that is, the Customs Tariff now in force. In 1873, in order to exchange mails between the two countries Postal Convention was concluded at Washington, and in the following year, 1874, ratifications were' exchanged. Thus for the first time the postal arrangement with foreign country was made. In 1885 Post Money Order Convention was concluded, affording great facility to the people of both countries. The relation of the United States and Japan progressed smoothly so that though the Revised Treaty 412 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN J.APAl.4 exchanged at Washington in 1879 is not actually carried out, it will be necessary for the confirmation and maintenance of friendship, for the extension of commerce. To the United States the commodities are exported at present above all other countries and the steady increase of the export from the commencement of trade can be verified by the statistics of the past years, while with regard to the imported articles, it stands next to Great Britain and China, but is gradually advancing to the front raising its situation higher and higher. The total value of the commodities exported from and imported to for the last 19 years, 1873-1891 is shown below. Year, Imports irom Exports from Total i Yearj Amn Jp. Total. - merica. Japan..e l. yen. yen. 1873 1,017,761 4,226,162 5,243,923 1874 1,047,250 7,464,844 8,512,094 1875 1,896,153 6,865,329 8,761,482 1876 1,111,469 5,784,412 6,895,881 1877 1,724,175 5,219,716 6,943,891 1878 2,705,550 5,823,033 8,528,583 1879 3,205,025 10,871,806 14,076,832 1880 2,651,332 12,023,149 14,674,481 1881 1,785,108 11,056,465 12,841,573 1882 3,133,666 14,280,199 17,413,865 1883 3,233,032 13,293,759 16,526,791 1884 2,489,970 13,130,924 15,620,894 1885 2,751,321 15,639,005 18,390,326 1886 3,358,987 19,988,217 23,347,204 1887 3,283,096 21,529,267 24,812,363 1888 5,648,734 22,618,483 28,267,217 1889 6,143,171 25,282,874 31,426,045 1890 6,874,632 19,821,438 26,695,970 1891 6,840,048 29,795,755 36,635,803:Note: Previous to 1886 British America is included. JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 413 The International Exhibition opened at Philadelphia in 1876 afforded no small opportunity to get insight into the actual stage of American commerce, while the Americans learned in turn to appreciate the beauty of the Japanese productions. From this time the commercial prosperity of the two nations enhanced ever more, as shown in the preceding table. The next important commodities in the trade between the United States and Japan are rice, tea, raw cotton, camphor, sulphur, paper wares, fans, porcelain and earthen ware, straw plait, mats for floor, cotton mats for floor, silk piece goods, silk handkerchief, and bamboo on the part of export, and kerosene oil, raw cotton, wheat flour and other grain flours, clocks and watches, sole leather, cigar and cigarettes, tobacco, condensed and desiccated milk, mercury, and leathers on the part of import. The condition of the trade between the United States and Japan generally depends upon the increase and decrease in the quantity of those exports and imports, moreover, there are about 300 varieties in the imports, and about 140 in the exports, and as to the details for the last five years the following table should be referred to. 414 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The Specific Table of the Commodities Imported from the United States to Japan. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Grains and Seeds. Rice catty - 1,600 100 - ' yen - - 144 3 Peas, Bean, catty 13,635 31,866 2,342 16,239 6,141 Pulse...... yen 376 1,759 106 804 338 Barley.. ctty 2,813 1,462 3,794 309,441 2,894 yen 135 90 162 6,707 109 heat... catty 7,250 2,538 318 32,884 1,107. yen 241 94 15 791 30 Ots catty 9,674 6,804 8,929 15,435 5,667 s. yen 243 231 276 652 208 Inian Corn catty 850 190 109 4,515 2,620 tyen 14 19 8 158 70 Seeds. yen 334 1,607 616 1,260 262 Other Grains yen - - 14,358 5 Sugar. Brown Sugar atty - -292,500 yen - [ - - 10,238 - White Sugar catty 117,578 135,018 27,454 21,467 360,301 yen 5,937 8,364 2,168 2,014 18,534 Loaf, Lump catties 240,580 174,275 125,202 139,209 149,090 Sugar, etc. (yen 13,463 16,310 12,025 13,205 12,277 Molasses & catties 5352 303 174 - 92 Syrup... yen 23 32 32 - 16 Wine and Iiquor. Porter and Gal. - - 8 - 20 Stout..... yen - - 14 - 25 Beer Doz. 3,302 7,229 137 14 188 'yen 4,119 9,774 185 28 250 $Doz. 5 - - - ".......yen - - - - Brandy Doz. 2 15 3 10 13 yen 13 141 26 82 104 (Gal. 18 37 - 152 283 "*(yen 233 90 - 222 239 Champaigne Doz 92 106 5 4 20 yen 99 1,101 44 45 12 Doz. 5 - 25 2 20 Sherry (yen 15 1 1121 o10 76 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 415 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 - Sherry. Gal. (yen Whisky Doz yen Gal. " yen Wine...... D (yen Gal..... yen, Gal. Doz. "...'...yen Gin... Bot yen Liquieur.. Do q (yen All Other Doz. Liquors... yen All Other 5 Gal. Liquors... (yen Beverages & Provisions. Butter catty yen Cheese.. ttyen yen Coffee..... ctty (yen Conf't. and catty Preserves. tyen Fresh Eggs. cat 0 yen Flour of all catty Kinds... yen Fresh catty Fruits... (yen Ham & catty Bacon... yen Milk, Con- Icatty densed & J Desiccated (yen 50 38 333 2,496 3,229 5,322 488 1,423 28,893 13,454 500 325 45 9 98 275 534 416 55,074 16,515 25,332 4,856 12,833 2,676 2,825 3,000,176 94,760 2,259 46,223 8,725 55,732 I 110 105 233 2,198 1,777 4,372 251 1,121 24,453 12,843 105 418 1,591 1,102 56,115 24,196 30,575 7,433 870 248 824 3,508,295 129,501 3,015 53,973 13,216 91,691! 96 93 230 2,398 990 2,862 136 588 21,842 9,178 85 80 7 51 128 649 630 498 48,662 17,317 21,918 4,982 3,814 1,240 1,853 4,333,009 182,137 3,656 41,958 10,958 91,562 310 425 235 2,107 1,357 2,851 446 1,631 23,834 10,777 24 102 136 56 -{ —I 218 210 136 1,474 1,915 3,764 754 2,643 53,91C 20,306 2 4 43 32 11 157 6C 57,491 49,994 17,181 19,244 20,677 20,387 4,126 4,422 1,740 5,301 568 1,423 2,439 3,021 18 5 6,666,024 8,964,203 226,770 338,319 3,308 1,928 38,391 42,164 8,538 9,623 108,688 71,694 416 COMMERCE AND INDUS'TRY IN JAPAN. 1887 1888 1889 I Mineral catty Waters... yen Salt...... yen Salted Fish. catty {yen Salted Meat C catty (air casks)... (yen,, (other) catty (yen Vegetables, Green or Dry. yen Beveragtes.. yen Provisions.. yen Bisants 5 catty Iyen Pepper....att yen Tobacco and Manufactures of. Cigars..... catty (yen Cigarettes.. yen Snuffs... catty yen All other (catty Prepared Tobacoo... yen Drugs & Medicines. Ginseng.catty {yen Iop a......atty Hyen Bromide of catty Potash... yen Caustic Soda. catty Crystal Soda. catty All other cetty Drugs... yen All other s cattt Medicines. (yen 35 79 - 3361 1335 126 3,716 5,438) 5,106 344 6231 612 62.595 101,396 36,90 3,607 9,053 3,273 4 - 3 163 215 14 18 1] 224 32,913 43,245 44,102 622 866 2,182 60_ 71 138 - - 65 - 104 384 161 490 1,348 1,28'; 18,109 28,886 64,5 1C 89,169 71,440 90,674 51,899 58,577 72,051 2,421 2,0906 1,828 8,239 7,576 6,717 19,077 25,619 11,708 4,281 6,341 3,032 14,706 3,780 - 6,996 2,304 - - 600 3,607 6,6401 8,300 17,5451 45,904 26,067 1890 1891 8 475 260 538 4,707 4,671 548 542 68,987 38,708 5,92 r 2,928 188 691 17 33! 73 77,101 105,811 2,213 - 109 _ t _ I 181 981 73,176 C 65,097 51,7231 1,12t 3,742 13,179t 5,184 9,77C 5,001 18 1 329 5 4,233 18,483 410 504 101,035 99,697 76,999| 1,617 6,622 6,920 2,638 7,618 3,121 10,310 18,638 0 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN lTRADE. 417 1887 18 18 1889 189 1891 Cod Liver Idoz 1 - Oil...... yen11 10 Glue.... catty 555 - yen 134 - Iodide of catty 375 225 5 Potash... yen 1,404 1,10 - 26 Saltpetre... catt 150 - 64,500 ' yen 8 - 2,434 Sarsapariela catty 4,740 - 3,612 Root......yen 520 - 30 Soap-atone catty 22,467 14,000 33,836 16 oapa en 488 295 756 100 Glycerin catty 37 - 168 ' yen 11 -37 - Gambler catty 873 - - yen 67 -- Quinine. 20 300 - syen 15 192 - Tartaric Acid catty - 5,520 yen 2,409 Salycilic Acid catty 187 804 387 - - yen 425 2,347 866 Bi-carbonate (catty - 84 - of Soda... yen - 8 - Cinchona... catty - 2 yen - 2,108 - Cinchonia catty - 2 - yen 72 - Paints and Dyes. Paint in Oil. (catty 5,532 2,17A 1,335 2,888 504 yen 339 208 230 443 100 Varnish... yen 2,640 5,403 3,187 4,742 1,465 Tar and catty 38,900 134,100 63,375 21,626 88,496 Pitch... yen 423 1,410 735 294 1,078 Aniline Dyes.. yatty - 269 11 Ayen - 269 12 14 Extract of catty 21,000 23,100 - - - yen 17 61 Blue (Chiiese, catty 200 - Prussians, etc.) yen 104 - _ - 418 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. 1887 1888 1S89 1890 1891 1589 I I18 9 Smalt and (catty 75 - - - - Cobalt... yen 182 - -. - All other Paints... yen 1,839 5,191 11,774 7,984 5,454 Kerosene Oil, Oil and Wax. Candl catty - 1,437 30 299 3,242 en - 435 5 67 622 Lard and catty 8,605 8,344 6,723 11,521 111,606 Tallow... yen 909 1,286 1,098 1,202 9,745 Paraffine Oil catty - 562 5,588 1,872 6,625 and Wax... (yen - 136 922 187 1,156 Castor Oil catty 4,800 12,600 250 5,400 - (Lubricating) yen 391 1,376 30 560 - ge e O. al. 21,058,640 26,124,850 30,231,708 36,131,150 32,503,950 erosene Oil. yen 1,871,408 3,207,694 3,783,194 4,214,410 3,682,328 Olive Oil doz. 3 6 8 6 6 yen 11 14 46 8 43 catty - 5,625 yen - 681 - - Turpentine gal. 7,875 6,725 9,240 6,970 19,555 Oil... yen 3,780 3,684 5,191 3,927 11,078 All Other Oils yen 2,334 19,362 15,140 27,18 31,469 Papers. Printing f catty - - - 29,548 18,053 Papers...yen - - - 1,768 1,372 All other Papers... yen 371 1,177 533 2,210 1,138 Cotton and Cotton Thread. Raw Cotton. catty 8,131 63,351 71,583 1,779,022 5,304,422 ayen 1,270 12,707 13,439 351,876 1,011,518 Cotton Yarn. catty _ _ - (yen _ _ 6 Cotton Threads... yen 172 736 119 998 844 Cotton Fabrics. Chnitzes yard 1,753 - - 17,640 yen - 89 - 1,061 - Cotton Drills yard 35,479 10,285 6,530 2,495 12,334 yen 2,681 1,067 693 378 887 JAP4ANESE AND AMnERTCAN TRADE. 419 1887 1888 1889 189s 1891.8 I... Ctton Dck yard 80,543 79,987 91,643 113,610 100,416 o c yen 16,216 21,358 23,543 29,778 24,565r, Cotton Vel- yard - - - 1,076 vet..... yen - - - 424 - White Shirt- yard 39,025 10,796 50 3,602 3,262 ings... yen 3,082 1,134 6 352 423 Twilled Cot- yard 7,800 2,429 7,586 7,245 8,381 ton...... yen 469 378 1,587 1,114 579 Cotton Satin. yard - - - 60,450 yen -- 6,566 Dyed Shirt- $yard - - 2,230 ings......yen - - 132 Gyard 525 - Gingham... yen 37 Gray Shirt- yard 6,400 - - - ings....yen 421 - - T. Cloths.yard 4,800 = '" (yen 314 All other Cotton 5 yard 6,668 1,290 1,085 5,908 1,485 Piece Goods... (yen 898 269 179 746 291 Woolen Fabrics. Blanket. catty 612 319 230 65 '194 '(yen 760 318 385 83 270 Flannel yard - 73 3,421 '" (yen - 25 1,052 - Woolen yard - 3 19 - - Cloths... 2yen - 23 107 - Travelling No. - 13 - Rugs...... yen - 50 - Woolen Threads. Wool. catty - - - - 3... yen - 5 Woolen catty 5 - Yarn..... (yen 10 Silk Fabrics. Satins, Cotton & yard 163 - Silk Mixture.. yen 93 Other Silk and piece - 14 Cotton Mixturo. yen 339 Silk Manufactures.... yen 10 - 5 46 - 420 CO11MMERCE AND INDUS'TRY IX JAPAN. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Silk Piece piece Goods......yen Flax, Hemp, Jute, & Manufactures. Flax, Hemp, catty & Jute...... yen Canvas...yard (yen Curtains.... yen Oil or Lea- yard ther Cloth...yen Hemp Rope.. Catty Other Carpets. yen Mosquito-nets. yen Oil or Wax yard Cloths....(yen Linen.... yard (yen All other Textile Fabrics. yen Carpets, Mats, and Table Cloths. Patent Tapes- 5yard try Carpet.. (yen All Kinds of (no. Table Cloths (yen Clothing and Apparel. Boots and ipairs Shoes.....(yen All Kinds of Buttons... yen Collars...... yen Gloves... d... (yen Hats and idoz. Caps... (yen Neck-tie.... yen Slippers. pye.. yen 1 8 10 85 2,467 472 314 152 128 828 12 53 204 44 808 138 97 487 196 3,378 309 - I 40 - 3,927 - 1,031 521 81 '241 288 5! 55! 350 - 11( 5 -56 - lie 116 - 47 - 5 - 3,393 7,400 I 36 52 2,817 749 8 6,266 2,239 2,809 I I 108 145 2 10 5( 5i 3 5,770 5,313 3,196 5,196 2 14 232 1,819 217 1,704 644 8,269 11,744 401 5,188 288 2,828 517 671 162 12,720 5,755 18,482 9,133 2,370 2,552 868 2,177 45 2 193 70 490 128 5,243 1,402 2 71 5? 5 579 36 228 I I 7,2611 9,346 2,047 1,814 1 523 4,977 96 600 203 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 421 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Stocks and (doz. 43 4 2 4 3 Stockings... (yen 46 12 16 38 17 Trimmings... yen 182 513 253 16 21 Water Proof (no. 113 1 - 85 Coat.....yen 261 9 - 158 Woolen Under- no. 56 - - 12 Shirts and -7 Drawers... vyen 207 - - 320 - Clothings & Apparels... yen - - - 8,158 - ChineseBoots pairs 150 - - 20 & Shoes.... yen 80 - -- 15 Braces and (doz. 1,232 - 95 - 353 Suspenders 1yen 2,268 - 303 - 531 Handkerchiefs... yen - - 21 - 16 Cotton Hand- doz. 82 - 71 - kerchief... yen 91 - 21 - Towels..... - - - yen 2 - Shawl... no. 35 - -...ynn 84 - - - Shirts..... o 17 - (yen 43 - 13 otton Under- doz 3 - 3 - 2 Drawers...(yen 22 - 20 - 11 Comforters or Sippets (yZn -- 7 - yen - 97 - - Metals and Manufactures of. Plate and catty - - - 5,820 15,252 Sheet Iron (yen - - 264 1,414 Iron Nails catt 9031 35,625 29,175 25,725 45,450 ryen 392 1,681 1,57 1,297 1,864 Electro-plated < catty 88 - - 150 - Iron nails... (yen 8 - 29 - Iron Pipes & Tubes...... yen - 1,539 47 2,580 - Iron-Screws.. yen 38 250 51 75 46 Iron Wire Scatty 16,768 7,991 6,573 147 - Rope......yen 3,139 1,433 1,260 58 Tin-plates, catty - - - 120 - Crystalized (yen - - - 36 - Steel ca.. tty - - 3,666 467.yen - 417 67 422 COiMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN J1APAN 1887 1888 1889 11890 1891 Steel Wire catty 1,573 91,802 29,909 28,109 Rope... y.en 203 17,382 5,765 5,134 Brass.. * *catty 225 75 - 620 195 yen 537 29 - 194 57 Capsules, for Bottle.,.... yen 20 - 1C 150 280 Mr catty 30,390 41,856 62,658 68,929 73,348 eyen 23,875 39,040 64,178 66,393 6S,331 Solder.. catty 7 60 - 18 oyen 3 51 11 - Sheet Zinc... catty -153 172 yen - 41 47 fes no. 3 22 20 11 16,ryen 441 1,799 2,233 618 1,405 Stoves, Grater & Fittings thereof. yen 5,079 11,447 6,008 4,370 1,641 Other Iron Ware. yen 16,989 21,811 15,792 34,963 31,966 Copper Ware. yen 183 339 566 180 143 All kinds of Fails..... yen 155 40 71 t Gold & Silver Ware..... yen 135 1,208 8,231 64 95 Electro-plated Ware y. yen 2,995 607 3,870 1,59 83 Utencils (ind. Forks.Spoons, etc ) yeh 1,228 1,942 725 475 58 Steel Ware... yen 935 652 246 3,27C 11,859 Brass Ware... yen 1,815 7,422 1,328 1,66C 128 Iron Roofing. yentt 13,149 Telegraph catty - 19,701] 84 Wire..... yen 721 - 3 Iron Hoop & catty - 25,662 - Band.... yen, 844 - Tea-firing no. 8 -Pan...... yen 2,115 Old Iron catty 50,035 5,92 - yen '784 151 Old Iron catty 80,808 153,942 Wire Rope.. yen 1,047 1,967 - Brass Screws yen 1 67 - - Brass Tubes.. yen - 1 - Lead catt~y 12,195 - yen 261 - Lead Tubes. yen - 263 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 423 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1041 4,9 Copper Wire. catye Nickel Ware. yen All Other Metals & Metallic Ware. yen Scientifical Instruments. Chemical Instruments. yen Musical,, yen Philosophical yen Photographic Instruments. yen Surgical Instruments. yen Surveying Instruments. yen Machinery, Copying & Parts of. yen Thermometers tno. yen Drawing Instruments. yen Other Scientifical Instruments, yen Machineries. Balances & Scales...... yen Cutleries.... yen Grindstones & Whetstones. yen Implements of Farmers.... yen Implements of Carpenters & Smiths, etc. yen Machinery, Mining and Parts of. yen Mechinery, Papermaking & Parts of........ yen 10,421 1,847 8,151 48,892 22,330 8,022 12,466 5,055 570 7,550 2,999 432 1,056 127 455 5,734 140 7 2,494 8,265 15,834 199 20,583 69,590 2,846 12,515 2,840 1,140.720 111 53 2,264 23,146 245 119 3,988 8,784 24,47S 34 4,260 20,844 5,016 2,362 13,283 5,397 827 378 110 6,793 36,832 73C 23 2,789 14,888 32,182 70,323 2,757 118 8,884 33 1,605 10,741 3,352 3,559 955 130 4,834 3,660 16 2,812 11,168 3,593 996 969 139 682 5,184 1,190 70 3,410 14,885 91,058 49,028 8,724 356 380 6,094 9,746 49,858 15,890 1,3891 205,797 424 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Machinery, Printing& Parts of. yen Machinery, Sewing & Parts of.... yen Machinery, Spinning&Parts of.yen Machinery, Telegraph & Parts of......... yen Machinery, Weaving & Parts of. yen All other Machines, Instruments, etc....... yen Pumps and Parts of...... yen Steam Boilers Engines, & Parts thereof.... yen Machinery, Sawing & Parts of.... yen Fire Engines... yen Crucibles. o...N yen Carriages & Parts of....... yen Clocks, Watches, Thermometers, Barometer, & Spectacles, etc. Clocks...... ye Clocks, Parts of.tyen Marine & Field No. Compass... yen Opera No. Glasses (" yen Spectacles.. ~ Telescopes...y Watches.y0en 1887 1888 1889 1890 557 632 652 2,340 2,095 2,305 2,485 2,718 801 - - 280 880 1,343 - 116 930 16,547 35,882 488 39,375 108,093 154,425 289,242 25,6751 5,129 2,597 1,550 20,036; 26,669 20,402 30,314 - - 357 8 110 - - 32 - 21 - - 14 - - 1,S50 2,179 1,165 1,967 1891 584 908 58,693 1,749 4,691 2,328 69,073 175,375 8,718 150 33 3,072 30,823 77,593 160,719 995 3 56 1,960 27,757 89,611 252,238 1,290 5 149 21C 49 55,001 163,076 113,514 302,244 2,895 2 38 22E 179 5,926 69,815 101,420 265,444 4,158 8 222 2 46 3 20 1 169 4,650 52,059 JAPANESE AND AMERl CAN TRADE.. 425 1887 1888 1889 189 1891 Fittings of above...... yen 1,290 2,579 3,762 4,841 1,177 No. - 1 - - Barometers.... yen 10 Bamboo, Timbers, Stones, and the Manufactures of. Timber and Planks... yen 1,524 2,047 3,635 5,818 16,923 Oaku cat - 9,462 - 11,8i2 yen 993 855 1,010 1,241 All Kinds of Bricks and Tiles... yen 6 15 - 175 Putty. catty 37 - (yen - 2 Putty...... y = 37 -1 Carks..... yen 570 640 752 76 7 White-chalk catty - _ - 115 3,327 yen - 19 112 Stones...... yen 1,151 430 459 - Clay...cy 4o5 - Arms, Munitions of War, Powders, and Implements of Hunt. Muskets * yen 449 810 653 1,718 42 Cartridges... yen 2,099 1,550 1,928 1,271 2,17( Other Instruments, etc....... yen 6,718 5,804 20,412 4,733 17,332 Fawlings Prices & Fittings of... yen 175 251 274 498 3,41C Gumpowder Zcatty - - - 1 (yen - Instruments, Enines, & other Implements for the use of Railway. Iron Rail-rod ca tt 22,462 - (yen.6191 426 COIMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. 1887 I 1888, I Carriages of Railway and Parts of....... yen Tram-way Cars, & Parts of.... yen Carts or Drays, N for Convey- je ance of Goods. yen Locomotive-engines, & Parts of........... yen Vessels, and Tackles and Instruments for the Use thereof. Anchors...... yen Cordages, of catty Rigging yen Sailing No. Vessels... yen Calk... atty "yen Felt, for Ship... yen Furs, Tusks, Teeth, and the Manufactures thereof. Bones, catty Animal yen Furs.......yen Animal Hairs catty (except wool) yen Hides, Buf- catty falo & Cow. yen Hoofs...... tty Horns, Buf- catty falo & Cow. ~yen Sole Leathery ctty 1yen All other s catty Leathers '" (yen Leather Ware. yen Ivory Ware.... yen 7,283 494 13,125 937 90 2,677 180 226 11 360,044 15,409 8,001 834 418,834 132,887 181,840 79,941 330 2,816 4,208 23,748 821 101 26,865 662 1,312 156 396,244 21,675 8,508 551 505,163 197,616 119,791 56,975 125 1889 6,173 932 2,5CO 2 345 1890 27,659 48,588 54,37c 65 2,978 399 3),495 153,361 884 7,838 - 18 23 480 1,766 762 3,434 - 7,523 - 2,145 348,679 287,466 17,313 14,111 9,045 1,570 366 38 542,514 447,116 205,791 155,150 172,644 164,583 78,652 68,401 664 322 - 11. 1891 12,332 1 28 200 81 12 1 3,200 39,283 2,147 1 3 784 1,675 17,338 5,919 367,461 19,842 29,720 878 491,628 165,094 100,216 51,657 135 - l JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 427 1887 188 1889 1890 1891 Horns, Deer. catty (yen Tortoise- catty shell "yen:Bones, Horns, Leather, tusks, etc.... yen Glass Wares and Porcelain & Earthen Wares. Looking-glasses.yen Glass Ware.... yen Porcelain and Earthen Ware. yen (ton. Coal. tyen Miscellaneous Articles. (no. Cow & Oxen... nye Horses.... n. yen Fowls.... ye All other Animals... yen Plants, Trees, & Shrubs... yen India Rubber Ware...... yen Lamp, & Parts of....... yen Jewelry...... yen All Kinds of Brush...... yen Furnitures... yen Matches... ss yen Perfumed doz Water and doz. Hair Oil. yen Other Cosmetics & Perfumeries. yen 18 67 334 114 3 15 74 4,609 12 3,605 36 23 607 233 3,947 13,594 20,558 1,260 7,169 3,293 7,492 672 25 1,349 303 405 3,641 224 22,548 33 3,065 247 964 307 282 9,167 24,565 9,896 371 5,254 1,474 5,284 14 20 3,026 624 249 946 56 90 590 311 28,451 599 4,651 509 562 6,142 34,269 10,822 224 2,640 1,043 3,787 46 46 23 4 1,102 1,122 244 1,526 8C 11,240 ] 100 1,989 13,908 268 589 5,810 17,205 1,113 124 2,417 11 8 1,571 4,767 54 358 1,055 150 754 22 3,586 7 1,582 51 286 16,001 9,314 1,036 365 1,31S 162 139 2,069 6,060 70l - C41 1,277 428 COl1MMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Pictures...... yen Saddleries... yen Shoe-blacking. yen Washing catty Soap '" (yen Toilet Soap.... yen Trunks...... y Umbrella Sticks & Dz Handles yen Raw India catty Rubber yen Sheet India catty Rubber (yen Sponges...... yen Maps...... yen Books......yen Pencils yegross Zyen Printing-ink... yen Other Stationaries..... yen Billiards & Fittings of.... yen Oil-cakes..catty ~yen Umbrellas... Doz All other Articles not described above....... yen Total Foreign. yen Total Japanese. yen Grand Total. yen 1887 1888 413 273 206 307 12,462 11,308 80,083 67,620 4,369 4,856 3,101 2,415 122 303 75 1,743 60 2,233 220 1,182 229 368 - 121 224 185 229,559 136,183 114,566 79,995 18,880 30,195 15,766 30,599 13,327 13,839 6,114 13,082 539 1,158 57,008 106.913 3,282_,962 5,644,246 134 4,488 3,283,096 5.648,734 1889 2,267 176 20,819 77,889 6,186 622 284 332 464i 2491 22 42 104,645 55,654 57,042 49,088 22,679 9,784 2,016 74,916 6,142,959 212 1890 1,116 20 13,854 139,900 10,037 2,343 1 6 104 230 1,584 425 1,026 367 73 38 57,896 39,530 46,650 40,790 10,064 8,795 1,351 80,756 6,872,021 2.511 1891 857 39 12,159 45,990 3,302 2,250 2 8 40 84 525 66 1,385 609 120 64,835 37,523 15,517 14,318 17,666 4,365 770 150 4 1 50 65,431 6,835,108 4,940 I.. 16,143,171 j6,874,532j6,840,048 - JAPANESE AND AMIERICAN T1ADE. 429 Table of the Total Quantity and Value of the Commodities Exported from Japan to the United States. i All Kinds of Grains. 1887 1888 1889 1890 Grains. Ri picul 44,761 142,5861 188,981 52,060... yen 98,180' 296,7591 420,616 193,670 catty 31 - - - Wheat....... 3 yen 3 - Beans,Peas, catty - 2101 2,500 Pulse yen - - 75 Shiitake and other Dry Vegetables. Chestnut catty 2,763 4,0041 3,052 2,127 yen 951 152 155 120 Ginnang catty 17,0341 22,179 15,827 30,420 iyen 5291 8271 710 1,381 Ginger catty 3,186 - yen 85 - Shiitake and SotherMk catty 26,811 23,661 27,910 32,620 roth yen 9,333 6,584 8,355 10,191 Potatoes...catty - - _ (yen - Marine Products. Cuttle-f catty 165,504 17,335i 16,407 23,667 Cuttle-fish...y - I yen 18,250 1,895 2,091 2,741 Salmon and catty 307 723 1,647 4,179 Cod-fish (yen 16 371 76 185 Hoshinori... yen 2 20 - - Irico or catty 136 72 - 425 BechedeMer. yen 38 2 128 or Colle catty 21,798 32,422 6,425 188 tale en 4,639 9,286 1,767 56 Sea-weed..catty 465 1692 1,86 87 yen 40 36 2 Cut Sea-weed catty 200 1,230 248 1,358 (yen 4 27 5 41 Awabi, catty 8,611 12,836 16,743 19,225 Shell-fish * yen 2,502 4,930 5,516 6,497 Mussel, catty - 30,230 1,462 Shell-fish - yen - 2,475 - 161 Kaino catty 352 470 210 Hashira yen 54 68 55 Other Dried catty 60 872 - Shell-fish yen 8 401 27 1891 291,863 927,889 16,799 694 22,262 9521 - 35,317 11,737 12,000 90' 18,601 2,187 2,657i 115 151 126' 38 1,002 465 5,314 132 616 13 19,077 6,107 363 115 195 430 40MMIERCE ANP INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Dried andlll catty Salted Fishes yen Gomame... yen G omame.catty Funori catty yen Sharks Fnis yen All kindsof Tobacco Leaf Tobacco catty yen Tea. Green Trea catty (pan fire) "' yen Green Te catty (basket fire) yen Black Tea...catty yen Bancha., atty Dust Tea.. tye Lump Tea... catty yen Beverages and Provisions. Liquor catty - yen catty Soy......yen Vermicelli... catty yen Other Beverages and ProviAnos yen Buer, and other Foreign Liquors yen Silks (incl. Silkworm, floss-silk, and Silk-worm Eggs). Waste catty Cocoon '" yen.. 1887 315 12 22,110,263 5,427,387 5,178,109 1,337,438 24,678 7,783 95,628 4,550 2,955,848 134,746 376,807 41,711 26( 21 7,862 261 2,014 85 2,687 1888 19,523,263 4,102,650 4,271,707 1,009,941 11,518 2,150 80,258 4,216 2,608,914 120,965 372,397 36,243 650 93 10,094 313 3,582 140 5,017 1889 185 10 - 20,652,891 4,512,403 3,640,900 775,817 38,121 6,636 68,242 3,318 2,568,177 12,698 428,934 40,423 474 119 3,476 496 3,888 159 5,553 133 15 1,297 107 22,020,555 4,263,011 ] 4,665,932 882,955 53,056 6,837 179,650 9,626 3,070,765 127,660 657,455 49,745 494 107 7,628 937 4,037 212 28,144 335 36 22,911,189 4,645,192 4,514,487 949,908 39,855 6,549 242,540 13,839 3,007,944 133,952 680,905 47,154 39 23 9,744 1,146 12,798 647 5,019 1890 1891 | 15 949 2 76 - 103 - 4 - 80 - A, - Y 551 110 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 431 1887 1988 yncaten Waste Silk... yen Raw Silk... ycatt Noshi Silk. catty Pierced catty Cocoon " yen Floss-Silk... catt (yen Cocoon... catty Silk-worm No. Eggs ( yen Oils, and CBndles (incl. Rape-seed), Fish Oil...att Rape-seedOil y att Other Oils for Medical Use...yen Vegetable 5 catty Wax "*(yen Rape-seed... catty (yen Drugs, and Medicines. Camphor... catty yen Camphor Oil 5catty (yen Menthol ~ catt3 Crystal "yen Peppermint catty Oil yen Sulphur catt (yen All other Drugs yen All other Medicines... yen All other Dyes.and Paints yen 1,733,337 11,165,965 99 125 92,525 117,929 32,854 68,684 29,306 21,144 22,604 815 1,110 61 196,918 31,037 2,133,016 387,649 70,181 2,312 3,159 3,391 3,252 2,836 12,805,804 112,351 557 94 28 2,364,229 13,740,601 33,00C 26,85C 65,775 62,918 64,199 106,024 48,641 1,946 11,20E 984 9E 268,30( 39,815 1,279,293 275,465 165,581 5,175 752 886 5,60C 5,227 9,077,15C 87,621 66 6 82 1889 16,324 13,394 2,271,408 15,454,601 16,860 24,579 87,061 95,108 3,705 40,111 136 181 113,279 5,886 32,544 2,784 151 249,799 34,715 85,032 11,726 1,197,927 340,236 173,271 8,770 585 820 6,172 7,493 32,474,792 300,788 95 83 6 1890 i S. 1, 32 f 1,32' 8 1,392,93'i. 1 5,092 9,287,65-} 1 7,3;,698 17,276 - 25,178 7 5.1,879 3 52,135 33,525 5,379 66,559 9,450 716 297 1,006 10,800 459 8,953 842 206,051 25,892 965,042 395,782 286,349 13,485 4,950 13,643 3,187! 4,718 26,711,375 34,179. 9. 4 1,371 70 11,895 997 185 187,735 21,826 1,327,703 489,375 311,615 13,486 4,006 11,863 795 1,490 28,603,428 245,012 287 34 35j 432 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Mica...... yen Sulphuric Scatty Acid.(yen Glue...... yen Papers and Manufactures of. Gampishi catty Paper '" (yen European Paper...... yen Wall Paper...yen All other Papers...yen Imitation Leather (mude of paper) yen Other Paper Manufactures yen All Kinds of Umbrellas. Umbrellas.. N. yen Foreign No. Umbrellas yen Fans, Round Fans, Paper Lanterns. Fans...... Round Fans < N~o Paper No. Lantern |'" yen Porcelain, Earthen, Shippo Wares, Porcelain & Earth. Wares..... yen Glass Wares yen Shippo Wares yen Screens...y Matches... (ross 1887 1888 160 - _ 1889 19 I I 10,014 5,138 1,568 12,425 4,791 2,187 33,701 15,119 2,351 247 344 4,197,087 76,468 1,917,234 21,138 380,977 9,311 295,586 5 3,631 22,342 46,024 5C 2C I 20,942 12,042 1,166 11,907 5 8,538 1,498 32,384 59,980 4,543 192 109 3,719,265 88,151 2,134,044 23,399 326,895 8,967 326,950 8 3,012 17,939 46,354 50 11 7,512 4,019 17C 1r 12,632 10,797 120 43,775 42,830 4,584 685 494 3,778,723 90,441 1,735,177 20,087 113,251 4,322 398,831 274 2,542 23,14( 51,474 1890 9 3,614 12,607 15,503 10,588 1,928 45,495 12,533 1,973 141 154 4,471,161 109,784 979,601 13,972 206,731 10,295 400,114 349 4,644 20,2a0 44,140 1891 8,113 325 27,867 15,329 14,631 15,514 600 76,755 19,100 2,414 53 73 6,407,626 118,025 1,330,072 13,321 196,919 7,161 448,403 249 7,671 23,935 51,815 50 10 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. U33!,, I I I 1887 Straw-plaits, and Manufactures of. Straw- (Bundle plaits ' ' yen Straw Manufactures.... yen Mats for Floor yen Lacquered Wares..... yen Metals & Metallic Wares. mony catty Antimony... yc yen Bronze catty yen Brass Wares...yen Bronze Wares yen Copper Wares yen Gold & Silver Wares...... yen Iron Wares... yen Tin Wares...yen Coals...... Ton yen Cotton and Cotton Piece Goods. Cotton Cloths No. for Floor (yen Cotton Piece Price Goods |yen Cotn Flannel S Piece Monpas (yen Silk Piece Goods & Manufactures of. Silk Piece (Piece Goods. yen Silk Hand- Doz. kerchiefs ' (yen Silk Manufactures... yen 1888 1889 1890 1891 I.. 1,071,683 316,623 3,418 28,515 61,818 44,625 2,015 2,438 41,381 10,469 1,532 184 92 34 123 5,464 10,699 1,152 83C 2,159 22,49E 229,979 816,151 59,821 772,574 213,588 4,809 123,351 493,879; 109,412 2,357 116,594 396,947 82,682 9,005 290,565 51,933o 46,841) 39,700 57,301 4,015 5 37,296 8,868 931 11 52 11,234 12,023 29,748 1,736 1,101 4,6351 45,536 226,064 831,778 25,333 2,601 30 36,861 10,784: 187 713 66 2,353 14,490 9,371 18,439 4,216 5,248 14,303 174,724 353,65( 1,106,225 42,800 5,333 212 24,562 4,641 8 1,216 103 18,526 74,984 15,213 '36,553 2,221 5,992 27,158 386,935 6384,116 1,870,048 48,060 669,851 180,922 4,836 595,936 48,840 50,428 3,252 30 4 65 48,760 4,843 2,131 80 11 15,536 67,891 38,208 76,736 4,855 13,670 94 292 40,940 i572,310 750,632 1,823,878 57,23E 73,2251 50,767 434 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 Hemp and OtherFabrics, and Manufactures thereof. Hemp......yen 66 - - - Cotton & Silk Piece 254 369 -375 502 Mixture yen 298 501 - 2,566 3,894 Kuzufu Piece 41 - 80 - 125 KuzUu e __501 ' (yen 84 - 156 250 Table Cloths No. 111 12 23 102 1254 Clothings and Apparel. Hats and (Doz. 918 206 327 185 34 Caps...(yen 766 293 162 851 108 Mattress ~No. 43- 358 - 2 3 Sc s yen 841 2,032 63 45 Socks and Pair - 30 -Stockings... (yen - 3 - Gloves..., D. - - - - 62 ' lyen - - - - 157 All other Clothing and Apparel... yen 80,814 84,824 65,754 65,260 40,769 Boots and (Pair - - - 48 Shoes......yen - - - 344 Feathers, Furs. Leather Wares, etc. Feathers catty 280 4,846 7,083 7,266 ~,745 ' yen 28 188 367 330 898 Furs. yNo. 353 2,298 2,341 2,914 3,354 yen 220 1,131 1,238 947 2,012 Hides.. catty 49,970 132 225 3,262 4,454 '" (yen 5,479 18 38 400 449 Leather catty 4,640 2,82 13 yen 12,725 4,532 - - 15 Awabi Shell catty 20,297 2,490 20,364 14,522 25,341 (yen 1,254 9 2,009 1,046 853 Yak6gai catty 22,085 6,05 - - Shell...... yen 1,277 45 - Whale;Bones catty - 487 and Fins.... (yen -13 JAPANESE AND AMERICAN TRADE. 435 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 [..... Other Conch Shells...... yen 935 - - 280 1,036 Ivory Ware... yen 4,738 9,786 7,448 5,224 7,894 Leather W'e yen 402 360 19 168 126 Animal Hairs _. yen 522. Tortoise Shell yen 572 413 940 2,817 2,554 Bamboo, Timbers, and Manufacture of. Bamboo W'e yen 102,851 77,691 77,582 68,227 63,077 Rosette Wood Ware...... yen 902 16 60 - 12 Wooden W'e yen 8,718 6,320 10,348 7,691 14,330 Bamboo... yen 12,737 8,665 17,439 62,570 47,879 Timbers and Planks... yen 8 - 425 4 1,866 All other Articles not d'cribed Above. Crystal..... -catty - _ 83 97 - Cr... yen -s-. 20 60 - Other Minerals yen - - 100 - 5,143 Pump used No. 144 - by Hand.. yen - 29 - Books -No- 44,735 14,739 12,357 17,287 10,070 *"yen 3,295 1,138 505 2,168 1,13 Trimmings... yen 153 70 - - 1,086 Animals... yen 109 278 - - 46 CopperWares yen - -120 - Lily Bulbs,.. yen 2,407 2,886 2,310 5,082 7,762 Plants,Trees, & Shrubs... yen 4,262 5,268 3,141 6,147 5,509 Rs scatty 13,419,750 13,008,000 19,127,670 9,668,512 6,643,169 ags. * yen 253,028 316,664 398,467 201,090 39,397 Furnitures... yen 1,922 1,326 3,655 6,741 4,965 Jinrikisha.../ No. 2 1 2 Jin a yen 44 78 42 - 416 Photograph yen 876 195 181 605 952 Other Pictures yen 7,629 3,915 821 8,752 5,520 Tooth Powder yen 143 189 282 473 312 All other Articles not described above yen 89,340 76,197 100,060 172,232 206,130 Total Japanese yen 21,50z,2o1 22,596,41U 5,263,614 1,910,04I 29,769,376 Total Foreign yen 27,015 22,074 19,260 11,394 26,379 I Grana Total yen 21,b29,267|2,61l,48425,28,874 l9,821,43'I29,795,755 4i6 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CHAPTER VI. THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The Chamber of Commerce was first established in 1878. Ever since, more than fifty have been esta-,S I ituation of Name of Chambers. Chambers. Chambers. Akamagaseki Chamber of CQmmerce Gifu...,, Hakata,..., Hiroshima,,,,,, Kanazawa,,,,, Kibe,, P, KSchi,.... Rumamoto,,, Ky6to,... Nagoya..... Okazaki..... Onomichi,.... Osaka,,,,, Otsu,.,,,, Sakai,,,,, Sendai,..... Shizuoka,,,, T6ky6...... Akamagaseki City Gifu Fukuoka Hiroshima Kanazawa Kobe K6chi Kumamoto Ky6to Nagoya Okazaki Onomichi Osaka Otsu Sakai Sendai Shizuoka Tokyo 1,. Town,, City,,., Town Cit,, City Town City,,.,9 THE CHMIABER OF COMMERCE. 437 blished up to 1890. Thereupon the Government issued the "Law Relating to Chamber of Commerce" defining the limit and extent of this organ of autonomy to be acknowledged 'by law. According to this law the following eighteen.chambers came into existence. Number of Members. 30 30 30 30 30 40 30 40 40 35 25 20 50 25 30 30 30 50 embo pec Name of Presidents. Members.' 3 5 6 3 7 2 3 5 5 It6 Fusajiro. Watanabe Jinkichi. Ogawa Kiushiro. Awamura Nobutake. Kameda Iyemon. Yamamoto Kametaro. Yasuda K6sei. Okasaki Tadao. Hamaoka Kotetsu. Sudzuki Zenroku. Isano Koyemon. Murata Rokunosuke. Fujimoto Shotar7. Hayakawa Tomohiro. Komura Toshiyasu. hSibusawa Yeiichi. 438 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The Chamber of Commerce is under the supervision of the Minister of Agricultural and Commercial Department, and the establishment of which is to be recognized by the Minister. It is organized by the merchants and traders, according tfithe Art. 4 of the Commercial Code, and who pay the income taxes. The members are elected from the male, upward of thirty years of age, or Business Firm (any one representing the firm). The number of the members are restricted according to the law of the chamber and one term is to be four years. The men of experience in learning or arts can be nominated the special member whose number can not exceed the one-fifth of the fixed number of its members and to have no right to vote in the matter. The president, vice-president and ordinary committee are elected by the reciprocal vote of the, member, and to them the management is entrusted. The rights and duties of the Chamber are: (1) To decide on the necessary steps in the promotion of commercial affairs or to remedy the business suppression. (2) To send in the memorials to the Government in regard to the legislation amendment, abolition or tho mode of execution of laws and regulations relating to trade. (3) To report and make statistics of the actual condition of business. (4) To state the opinion to the official inquiry in regard to the commercial affairs. (5) To maintain and take charge of the public edifices of mercantile THJ: CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 439 corporations by the effect of law or order. (6) To investigate into the capacity and number of brokers and the rates of brokerage. (7) To act as arbitraors in the mercantile questions by request of the party concerned. The expenditures of the Chamber of Commerce are to be borne by the members who has the qualifications of electors, and the Chamber of Commerce shall be regarded as a legal person, and shall own the properties in that capacity. 4-19 CO.1LIERCE AlND IND'TSTRY IN JAPIN. CHAPTER VII. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS. With the purpose to improve the manufactures, and to establish the credit, those who pursue the same trade or have the common in interest business, organize various unions in every parts of the Empire, some form themselves within the producing districts while others in their ministrative limits. As a means of accomplishing their aim, they make agreements so as to inspect the articles of manufactures, not to manufacture worse and bad articles, or not to make illegal transactions, in short there is no minute detail remain untouched. If there should happen any breaker, he is bound to pay certain fines, no mercy being shown on the circumstances. For the management of affairs offices are established and the committees are appointed or elected who have the responsibility of supervision and inspection prescribed by the agreement, and when found necessary they often cause the establishment of training school, holding of the social meeting, opening of the mercantile museum and competitive exposition, despatching of inspectors, reporting, publishing compiling of statistical table, and the supervision of mechanics and labourers who receive wages so much per hour all business are to form arpart of the aims COMMERCIAL 4' INDUSTRIAL UNION 4' ASSOCIATION. 441 of Union. The expenditure of the Union are defrayed by different methods as by the sum exacted from the member'sincome or from total amount of transaction as a standard, or by the profit arising from the sale of trade labels of the Union. As for the most important production having considerable weight to the local economy, they are not entrusted to the private management of those who follow the same trade, but it is the duty of local magistrate to superintend, and to order the organization of trade Unions in accordance with the Regulation of control issued specially for the purpose, and cause them to make the agreements and bye-laws, having the rights and duties of members clearly defined. There are now 2013 trade unions organized by those who pursue the same trade in the whole Empire, and the classification according to profession is shown below. Sugar.............. 11 Liquor and Soy......... 106 Oil and Wax... 82 Rice and Corn...... 75 Timber.......... 15 Lucquered Wares...... 17 Porcelain and Earthen Ware........... 15 Manure............ 25 Dried Articles...... 6 Umbrella............ 7 Dyed Article......... 21 Fan & Round Fan...... 5 Fish............ 9 Matches........ Tobacco........... Fabrics.......... Fuel and Charcoal.. Drugs and Dyes..... Paper......... Metallic Ware...... Coal......... Flax, Hemp, & Jute... Salt............ Thread........... Leather and Hides... Cotton......... Mat................. 4... 63... 91... 12... 33... 37... 30... 10... 10... 8... 5... 2 442 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Transportation......... 18 Trade............... 3 Tea............... 359 Silkworm............ 732 Miscellaneous................................. 221 Total............................2,013 Remarks: In the table above mentioned, the union of tea merchants comprises its cultivaters, and that of silk merchants, its raisers, moreover, there are thirty-five United Chambers on the part of the tea merchants, and forty-two Board of Control to silk merchants, established one or two in every Fu and prefecture. Besides the union of the persons who pursue the same profession there are other corporations established by the merchants and artisans under the name of association or club, each differ in aim and purpose, yet what they all tend to is no other than the improvement of their respective business. The number of these bodies have greatly increased at present, that there is neither Fu or prefecture where they are not established, some of the most prosperous of them having nearly 2,000 members, with respect to the business to be carried out in the society and club are the meeting of members for the investigation of the commercial and industrial questions, or the distribution of the magazines to the members or holding a competitive show of manufactured articles by each of them, or the establishment of the training school to educate the apprentices. Though different measures are adopted to accomplish their ends, yet the benefit thus derived will give no small impetus to the improvement of commerce and industry. The principal clubs and associations are given below. Names. Situations. No. of Members. _ -. _ (T6ky6 Fu) Dai Nippon Fabric Society...... Mechanical Association.......... Meiji Fine Art Society......... Nippon Fine Art Society....... Nippon Lacquering Association...... Nippon Young Men Picture Society Oriental Painting Society......... Scientific Society.............. Toky6 Carving Society............ Toky5 Industrial Society........... Trade Society............ (Kyoto Fu) Business Club.................. Commercial and Industrial Society... Hakuran Society................. Ky6 Dyeing Association........ Kyoto Business Society........... Kyoto Fine Art Association..... Kyoto Thread Ware Society........ Nishijin Club...... (Osaka Fu) Commerce Club.............. Kyosan Invention Society..... Kubota Club..................... Toky6 City. t It,...,. ). Shimokyoku, Kyoto City. Kamikyoku, Kyoto City. P9 ) 1,668 1,400 538 942 524 150 1,092 1,418 678 100 72 35 40 97 26 150 265 50 60 21 15 (7^ 0 4~ I Io t Q C"~ 2 to 1-' cI 4 Q 5 t*i i-C cn 0Z Q~ &KC?I Imamiyamura, Nishinarigori. Minamiku, Osaka City. Yagimura, Minamigrri. _ _ Names; Situations. ----- Osk C ity (Osaka Fu) Nippon Commerce Society........... Osaka Business Association... Osaka Commercial and Industrial Society Osaka Economy Society............ Sakai Commerce and Industry Society... Sh6sei Club................... (Hyogo Ken) Hyogo Young Men Club.......... Itami Commerce & Industry Association Kashiwabata tinion.............. K6be Club................. KSbe Young Men Club......... Shink6 Club..................... Sumoto C'merce & Industry Association... (Niigata Ken) Commercial Investigation Society...... Kamocho Danwa Association....... Kashiwazaki C'merce & Industry Society Kawarada Commercial Social Meeting.. Fanj6ch6 Commerce and Industry Society Tokamachi Fabric Society...... (Nagasaki Ken) Nagasaki Trader Assembly (Gumma Ken) Takasaki Commerce and Industry Society Kitaku, Osaka City, Higashiku,, Sakai City. K6be City. Itamich6, Kawabeg6ri. Hikamigori. K6be City. Sumotocho, Tsunagori. Niigata City. Kamoch6, Minamikambaragori. Kashiwazakich6, Kariwag6ri. Kawaradach6, Sawadagori. Sanjoch6, Minamikambarag6ri. Tokamachi, Naka-Uonummag6ri. Nagasaki City. Takasakich6, Nishigummagori. No. of Members182 133 100 35 113 82 22 65 123 104 180 148 86 52 i6 65 100 92 134 to, ttl ~rt;J Names. Situations. No. of Members. (Ibaraki Ken) Commerce and Industry Society. (Miye Ken) Commerce and Industry D6shi Society... Inbe Business Association........... Shiusei Society............ Young Men Commerce & ndustry Society (Aichi Ken) Koromogaura Private C'ber of Commerce Oil Merchants' Club............ (Shizuoka Ken) Fujigori Agricultural & C'mercial A'bly Numazu Commerce & Industry Chamber Seien Industrial Association....... Seisun Business Corporation....... (Nara Ken) Industrial Association K6riyama Commerce & Industry Society Sunday Assembly........ (Shiga Ken) Otsu Commercial & Industrial Society... Patronizing Silk Industry Society..... Shiga Industrial Association........ (Gifu Ken) Ogaki Commerce and Industry Society... Mito City. Tsu City. Kasalamura, Inbeg6ri. Tsu City. Ujiyamadacho, Wataraegori. Kamezakicho, Chitagori. Handach6,, Yoshiwaracho, Fujigori. Numazuch6, SuntOgOri. Hamamatsucho, Shikuchigori. Fujiyedach6, Shitagori. Shimokitayamamura, Yoshinog(ri. Koriyamach6, Sinoshimoglri. Goshomura, Kuzukamigori. Otsucho, Shigagori. Imadzumura, Takashimagori. Otsucho, Shigagori. Ogakich. 50 44 225 65 80 30 77 52 135 60 130 17 50 622 0!; "-I 0 t-i 114 10. Q) ci 41 - Names. Situations. No. of Members. (Nagano Ken) Commerce and Industry Association Commerce Consultation Society... Communication Club............ Inariyama Club............ Matsumoto Commercial Social Meeting... Uyeda Commerce and Industry Societ3 Nagano Commerce and Industry A'oation (Miyagi Ken) Ishinomaki C'merce and Industry Society Miyagi Agriculture, Commerce and Industry Society............ (Iwate Ken) Commerce Club............ Commercial Social Meeting...... Hanamaki Commerce Club. (Aomori Ken) Aomori Commerce Society..... Sannohe Commercial Social Meeting... (Yamagata Ken) Kamo C'merce & Industry Social M'ting Tsurugaoka Commerce & Industry SocietJ (Akita Ken) Commerce Social Meeting......... Ky6ok Society.............. Uyedacho, Chiisagatag6ri. Yashiroch6, Hanishinag6ri. Matsumotoch6, Higashi-Chikumag6ri. Inariyamacho, Sarashinag6ri. Matsumotoch6, Higashi-Chikumag6ri. Uyedach6, Chiisagatagori....... Naganoch6, Kamiminochig6ri. Ishinomakicb6, Oshikag6ri.....,. Sendki City. Morioka City. Kurokawagucicich, Hinukigori. Aomoricho, Higashi-Tsugarugori. Sannohecho, Sannohegori. Kamocho, Nishitagawagori. Tsurugaokacho,, Akita City. 74 34 67 100 75 98 68 35 174 130 20 47 48 59 22 33 22 28 cl~ CB c4 b4 Names. I Situations. No. of Members. (Akita Ken) Commerce Association...... (Fukui Ken) Fukui Chamber of Commerce & Industry Katsuyama Chamber of Commerce..... Mikuni Commerce & Industry A'ciation Obama Commerce and Industry Society Ono Chamber of Commerce... Takefu Commerce and Industry Society Tsuruga,, -,, i, (Ishikawa Ken) Kamikanaiwa C'merce & Indust'y Society Kigyo Club.................... Lacquered Ware Investigation Society... Matsutoch6 Commerce & Ind'try Society Mikawa,,, Silk Industry Club............... Silk Merchant Investigation Society... Shimokanaiwa C'merce & Ind'try Society (Toyama Ken) Agriculture and Commerce Club.... Fushiki Commerce & Industry A'ciation Takaoka Commerce & Industry Chamber Takaoka Fine Art Competition A'ciation Toyama Commercial & Industrial Social Meeting.............. Akita City. Fukui City. Katsuyamacho, Onogori. Mikunicho, Sakaig6ri. Obanach6, Oniugori. Onoch6, Onogori. Takefuch6, Nanj6ogri. Tsurugacho, Tsurugag6ri. Kamikanaiwacho, Ishikawag6ri. Tsubatach6, Kahokugori. Wajimach6, H6shig6ri. Matsutocho, Ishikawagori. Takamatsumura, Kahokugori. Kanazumura,, Shimokanaiwach6, Ishikawagori, Higashi Iwasech6, Kaminiikawagori. FushikichB, Imizugori. Takaoka City. Toyama City. 25 90 38 35 36 50 88 60 74 41 33 50 81 46 30 0 LA Cl ~z t~-4 Z"_ 0 z t-4 0 z 07 0 0 Names. Situations. No. of Members. (Toyama Ken) Toyama D6ko Society.......... Young Men Fine Art Society.... (Tottori Ken) Tottori City Commerce & Industry Club Yoneko,,,, A'ciation (Shimane Ken) Matsuye Commerce & Industry A'ciation Tsuwano,,,,,9 (Okayama Ken) Okayama Druggist Club...... Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Social Meeting............... Nishihojogori & Higashinanjogori Agri culture Commerce Association.... (Hiroshima Ken) Hiroshima Commerce and Industry Club (Yamaguchi Ken) Yamaguchi C'merce & Ind'ry Society (Ehime Ken) Furuch6 Club....... Imaharu Commercial Club......... Matsuyama Commerce Club........ Osu Business Investigation Society (Fukuoka Ken) Commerce Social Meeting..,...... Toyama City. Takaoka City. Tottori City. Yonekocho. Matsune City. Tsuwanocho. Okayama City. Yamato-Bunt6mura, Kumehj5jogori. Tsuyamach6, Nishihojogori. Hiroshima City. Yamaguchich6, Yoshishikigori. Matsuyama City. Imaharucho, Ochigori. Matsuyama City Osucho, Kitagfri. Omuta, Miikegori. 50 64 63 140 29 70 52 63 120 53 97 41 30 tt 00 'd Cce 1Ill Names. Situations. No. of Members. (Fukuoka Ken) Kurumejima Improvement Association... (Oita Ken) Commerce and Industry Association Commercial Social Meeting......... Kitsuki Young Men C'merce S'al Society Nakatsu Commerce & Industry Society... (Kumamoto Ken) Hitoyoshi Young Men Commerce and Industry Society............... Kawajiri Commerce and Industry Young Men Society.................. Kumamoto Commerce and Industry Young Men Society......... Kumamoto Economy Association...... Kumomoto Fabric Society....... Kumamoto Jiuyokka Society......... Nijiuhachinichi Society........... Sh6yu Society............... Udo Commerce and Industry Association (Miyazaki Ken) Commercial Corporation........... (Okinawa Ken) Okinawa Industrial Society....... (Hokkaido) Commercial Club.................. Otaru Ki6d6 Social Meeting......... Otaru Ki6sho Society............ Kurume City. Saganosekicho. Usukich6, Kita Kaibegori. Kitsukicho, Hayamigori. Nakatsucho, Shimokeg6ri. Hitoyoshich6, Kumagori. Kawajiricho, Akitagori. Kumamoto City. Yatsushirocho, Yatsushirogori Udoch6, Udogori. Nobeokacho, Higashi Usukigori. Nawa. Sapporo. Otaru. 75 36 40 53 80 41 35 55 25 35 35 33 30 160 475 116 33 68 Cl t-1 -11. I3... - 1 - -- -- -- 450 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. CHAPTER VIII.:. EXCHANGES. There are four kinds of Exchange in this country; viz., Rice-Exchange, Stock-Exchange, Exchange and Market Places. The Rice-Exchange originates from the Rice-Market, which was inaugurated by the Osaka merchants in the period of Kwanyei and Shoho (about first half of the 17th centhry) and the merchant of other cities followed the example. In 1874 the Government prohibited the old method of transaction which was then practised, and ordered the Rice Market to obtain the permission of the Government in accordance with the Act of Stock Exchange issued in the' same year. Consequently the amount of capital, the rate of tax, number of the Exchange, and its regulation were fixed, and it was established in Tokyo and Osaka. In 1876 the Act of Rice Exchange was issued, and in accordance with it, the following tlirteen Exchanges came into existense. Name of Rice oNumber of eof Rice Situations. Capital. Brokers. Exchange. yen. Tokyo Rice Exchange. Toky5 City. 100,000 100 Akamagaseki,, Akamagaseki,, 30,000 30 Hakata,, Fukuoka,, 30,000 30 Kanazawa,, Kanazawa,, 30,000 30 Kuwana, Kuwana Town. 30,000 30 Kyoto Shichijo,, Kyoto City. 30,000 03 EXCHAN GES. 451 Name of Rice Situti. umber of Exhange. Situations. Capital. rokers. Exchange.: Brokers. pell. NagoyaRice Exchange Nagoya City. 30,000 30 Niigata, iigata,, 30,000 30 Omi,, Otsu Town. 30,000 30 Osaka Doshima, Osaka City. 75,000 75 Sakata,, Sakati Town. 30,000 30 Takaoka,, Takata City. 30,000 30 Tokushima,, rokushima Cit-. 30,000( 30.Rie Ex The Rice Exchange under the supervision change. of the Minister of Agricultural and Commercial Department is the place where rice is to be sold and purchased within a fixed period, or to be directly bought or sold on the spot. The capital is to be over 30,000 yen and when the permission to carry on business is given the corporation is to invest the cash or Government bonds equal to two-third of the capital to the local Government or national bank as security. The officers are to be elected from the shareholders who owns more than ten shares, and all the business relating to the Exchange is intrusted to them. There are brokers who, under the permission of the Minister, investing 1,000 yen as security, transacts the business. They can not transact on their own account, and in all the transactions they are liable to the Exchange. In case they fail to fulfill the obligation the loss is to be covered by the security money, if it is found still insufficient then the company is liable. The expense of the 452 COMM..ERCE ANVD INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. company is met with the commissions on the sale and purchase. The rate of tax is to be T- uoo- of the whole amount of the transaction to be exacted from both parties-the buyer and seller, but on the amount of transfer and re-taking, the tax is not imposed. As to the mode of transaction there are two-the direct and periodical transaction. In the periodical transaction there are two; the one is to be transacted on the day of promise, the other is to be performed or cancelled within the certain fixed period. The length of the period is distinguished into one, two and three months, on the last day of which the transaction is to be concluded. In the agreement of transaction the warrant money according to the rates fixed by the companies against the promised sum is to be invested to the company, and the money is to be refunded on the day of performance, but in case of rise in price happens within the period, the additional warrant money is to be invested. Stockg The Act of Stock Exchange was issued in change. ThAcofSokEcagwaisudn 1874, but it was not carried into practice, and in the next year, it was so arranged that the establishment of the Stock Exchange was to be made in accordance with the Act of Rice Exchange. In 1877, the Stock Exchange was established in Tokyo. In the next year 1878 the Act of Stock Exchange was amended, and the establishment was EXCHANGES. 453. limited to Tokyo and Osaka, one each. Sometimes before this, there were some one who started the business of Foreign silver exchange in Yokohama, and in 1879 the establishment of it was publicly granted according to the Act of Stock Exchange and was called Yokohama Stock Exchange. Afterwards Kobe, Kyoto, and Nagoya granted the same permission, but since, Kobe, Nagoya and Yokohama Exchanges ceased to exist, and at present only the following three are existing:-Name of Stock Number of Exchange. Situations. Capital. Brokers. yen. Kyoto StockExchange Ky6to City. 100,000 60 Osaka,,,, Osaka,, 100,000 60 Tokyo,,,, Toky6,, 200,00 70 The Stock Exchange is also under the supervision of the Minister of Agricultural and Commercial Department deals in the transaction of stock and shares both of direct1and periodical. This is the, company organized with the capital of over 100,000 yen. The security money, obligations of shareholders, election of officers, number of brokers and the mode of transaction are all the same to that of the Rice Exchange. In the transaction the stocks must be of the shares of the companies that were established under the recognition of laws and regulations, the shares of other companies are not permitted to be transacted, but one recognized by 454 (C0OMJ1IEIRCE AND INDUST'RY IN JAPAN. the minister. The tax of this company is to be to (bonds) and ~o (stocks) of the promise money in the periodical transaction to be exacted from both parties, those transferred stocks are not taxed. Exthiialge. The Exchange was first established under the Act of Exchange issued in 1887. Its system resembles great deal to that of the present Rice and Stock Exchanges, yet the organization and the way of supervision is somewhat different. The Rice and Stock Exchanges are entirely the joint stock company, and hlve shareholders, brokers, and the liability in the transaction; the Exchange is the public market of the club system. To become members it is requisite to invest the security of 300-3,000 yen, brokers from 2,000-20,000 yen, differing according to the nature of transaction. The brokers are at once members and carry on their business with the permission of the Minister, but can not transact on his own account. The officers are elected from the members and others and the whole business is intrusted to them. The expense is defrayed from the commissions on the transaction. Under the Exchange Act the following three exchanges are established: EXCHANGES. 455 Name of Exchange. Situation. Commodities Transacted. ment Bonds & Stocks. (Rice, Manure, Wax, Oils for Saga,, Saga City Lamp, Government Bonds and Stocks. (Manure, Raw Cotton, Salt, Takaoka,, Takaoka Cit Kerosene Oil, Government Bonds and Stocks. According to the Regulation, the Rice and Stock Exchange Regulation are to be abolished at the expiration of the business terms, there will be some amendment in the organization of the Exchange sooner or later. Market. Besides the above mentioned three kinds of Exchange, there are markets everywhere that deals in the commodities of different kinds. The opening of the market varies according to the conditions of the localities, some open every day, some so many times in a month, and others so many times a year. Some have one regular place for the market, while others establish it in partnership, and still others in shares. They all follow the old customs. The principal commodities are rice, corn, fish, fowls, meat, vegetables, cocoon and raw silk, fabrics, second-hand cloths and wares, horse, cattle, and other innumerable things. They are the de 456 COOMMEnl'CE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAI. veloped forms of yearly fairs and celebration fairs. The number of the markets from the latest report is shown below. Cocoon & Raw Silk Market................ 93 Cow and Horse Market................... 266 Fabrics Market...................... 34 Fishes, Fowls, and Meat Market.................. 598 Rice and other Corn Market............... 26 Second-hand Clothing and Inplanents Market.... 355 Vegetables................................. 173 All other Articles Market................... 371 Total................................ 1,916 BANKS. 457 CHAPTER IX. BANKS. There are five kinds of bank in the Empire; namely, the national bank, Bank of Japan (Nippon Ginko), Specie Bank, private bank and semi-banking corporation, all of which come under the supervision of the Minister of Finance. The national bank, Bank of Japan, and Specie Bank are established according to the respecitive Regulations, the private banks and semi-banking corporations with the recognition of the Minister. As to the private banks and semi-banking corporations, there are the Bank Regulation and Savings Bank Regulation already issued, and their execution is in hand. Now the origin and organization of each bank will be briefly stated in the following pages. Before the national banks were established in fhe Empire, there existed, in large commercial cities like Osaka, exchange merchants who exchange and discount, but the scope of circulation was quite limited. In 1869 the Government prevailed upon the wealthy merchants of Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe, Tsuruga and Niigata to establish the Exchange Company to grant credits and receive deposit, and perform exchange business, and allowed to issue bank notes against the security in gold. In 1872 with the promulgation of Bank Regulation, 458 CO(.MERlCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. the circulation of the paper currency, bank notes and bills of exchange was prohibited and at the same time the Exchange Companies were dissolved. In the two following years the national banks established in accordance with the Regulation were the First National Bank (Tokyo), the Second (Yokohama), the Fourth (Niigata), the Fifth (Osaka), and the capitals of did not amount more than 3,450,000 yen. In 1876 the Regulation was amended. According to the old Regulation the security for the issuing of bank notes were restricted alone to gold species, but by the amended Regulation was substituted; in the next year Government Pension Bond was issued in order to encourage the industries to "Kwazoku" (the Nobles) and "Shizoku" (the Military class). As soon as the privilege of establishing the National Banks with the Government Pension Bond for the capital and the issuing of paper money against the bonds were granted, there sprung up one hundred fifty-three banks in 1880, upon which the Treasury fearing the effect did not permit the random establishment. Ever since the amalgumation and dissolution took place and there remain at present one hundred and thirty-four banks the paid up capital being 48,701,100 yen. The national bank is the stock company of having more than 50,000 yen for the capital, and the privilege of banking is limited to twenty years. The amount of bank notes to be issued is to be the eight ANKIVS. 459 tenth of the capital, (the Minister of Treasury has the power to increase or decrease it) and by investing the bonds bearing the interest of 0,004 %0 to the Treasury, the rest two-tenth is to be reserved in current money for the exchange of paper money. The method of redemption is to deposit 2 %0 of the profit, without regard to the loss or gain, against the amount of paper money received from the Treasury, to the Bank of Japan, where it remains to become the fund for redeeming the paper. The Bank of Japan established in accordance with the Bank of Japan Regulation issued in 1882, with the capital of 20,000,000 yen (the paid up capital being 10,000,000 yen) is the central bank, whose office is to hold the equilibrium and stability of all the banks in the Empire, being the organ of the financial administration. The privilege of banking is thirty years. The principal business is the discount of the bills. Since 1883 it manages the Trea-. sury money, and in 1886 it discharges the business of exchange of paper money, and moreover the business regarding the Government bonds was also transferred. At last in 1889 all the business relating to the management of Treasury money was also handed over to the Bank. The Treasury Department therefore specially provides Inspectors to oversee the business. The president and vice-president are appointed by the Government and the directors are elected by the reciprocal vote of the 460 COlMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. shareholders and confirmed by the Minister of Finance, the managers are appointed by the shareholders. In 1884 the bank was conferred the special privilege of issuing the convertible silver notes in accordance with the "Convertible Silver Bank Notes Regulation " and on 1885 this was practically carried out. This system is not only to reserve the gold and silver coin and bullions to the same amount of the issued notes to be ready for the conversion, but it can issued note to the amount of 85,000,000 yen having Government bonds, Treasury notes and other reliable bonds for the security, among which 27,000,000 yen are to be issued by degrees, against the redeemed amount of the paper money by the national banks since 1889. When the Bank deems it necessary to increase the amount of the current money, it may, under the recognition of the Minister of Finance, issue the required amount by placing such reliable securities. In this case, the Bank is bound to pay the tax of not less than 5 0. The Bank is also to credit the Government up to the amount of 22,000,000 yen for the redemption of paper money. The Specie Bank was established in 1879 in accordance with the National Bank Regulation, the capital is 6,00,000 yen (paid up capital 4,500,000)> specially deals with foreign exchanges and other BANKS. 461 banking business and have branch offices and agencies at London, New York, San Francisco, and other important places for the convenience of the foreign as well as the domestic commerce. The privilege of banking is for twenty years, and the special inspecting officers are placed as in the case,of the Bank of Japan. At first the capital of this bank was assessed in the standard value of gold and the Government took shares amounting to 1,000,000 yen (it is now transferred to the Imperial Household) to protect its development, but in 1883 the organization underwent a change, the standard was based on the current money, and to reserve silver coin to meet the demand of the market. In 1887, the Government issued the Specie Bank Regulation, giving to it the special privileges. Thus the organization of the Bank was firmly rooted. The private banks and semi-banking corporations seem to have developed from exchange merchants and exchange companies. In the organization there are varieties such as done in partnership or jointstocks. What is called private bank is company *that has the name of bank attached to it, while that of Semi-banking corporation has not, but the in -reality it deals in the business just the same as that of banks. At present the number of private banks are two hundred fifty two, the paid up capital amounts to 19,796,003 yen, and that of semi-banking 462 CO.MMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. corporation are six hundred and seventy-eight that of capital is 13,827,000 yen. The capital, reserve fund, and net profit of banks for the last five years is statistically stated, and the names' and situation of banks having the capital of more than 500,000 yen are also given, together with the interest bearing upon the credit and deposits of banks in Tokyo and Osaka, and the table showing the flactuations of the foreign exchange in Yokohama. National Banks, Bank of Japan, Specie Bank. Head Branch Paid up Reserve N e t v on Year. Office. Office. Capital. F-.ndl. Profit. Hund eYe yen. yen yen. yen. 1887 138 137 60,338,851 12,143,376 8,995,140 10'85 1888 137 152 61,377,639 14,279,762 11,488,125 12-07 1889 136 152 62,181,379 16,106,070 10,769,217 11-96 1890 136 152 63,144,662 18,977,955 11,490,999 12-59 1891 136 148 63,201,10020,856,971 1.976,796 12 12 Private Banks. Dividendson Head Branch Paid up Reserve Net Diindson Year. Office. Office. Capital. Fund. Profit. ETnd re en yyen. en. yen. yen. 1887 221 - 18,896,061 - - - 1888 211 48 16,761,609 4,133,200 1,084,324 6.47 1.889 218 56 17,472,170 4,735,433 1,339,603 7.67 1890 217 54 18,976,616 5,039,859 1,475,836 7.80 1891 252 112 19,796,820 5.459,802 1,556,172 7.93 Semi-banking Corporations. Year. b Hiea Otfice. Capital 187 714 yen. 15,117,676 1888 713,, 14,453,553 1889 695,, 14,421,004 1890 702,, 14,512,616 1 St1 678,, 13.827,434 Name and Situation of the Banks having the Capital over 5,000,003 yen. I. National Banks, Bank of Japan, and Specie Bank. Name of Banks. Situations. Bank of Japan. No. 1 Nationat Bank. No. 14.. No. 15,,, No. 119. No. 13. Specie Bank., No. 2 National Bank. No. 74,. No. 18.. No. 4, No. 39,, No. 40.. No. 35,, Kitashiaboricho, Nihonbashiku, Tokyo City. Kabutocho,, 3 chome, Kobunacho,.. 7 chome, Kobikicho, Kivbashiku, 2 chome, Awajicho, Kandaku, 2 chome, Imabashidori, Higashiku, Osaka, City. 5 chome, Minaminakadori, Yokohama, City. 3 chome, Hloncho, 2 chome, Minaminakadcri,,, Tsukimachi Nagasaki City. Shichibancho, Higashibori Maedori, Niigata City. Honcho, Maebashich6, Gumma Prefecture. Tatebayashicho,,,. 1 chome, Gofukucho, Sizuoka City Capital, (paid up). yen 10,000,000,, 2,250,000,, 1,000,000,, 17,826,100,, 1,030,000, 500,000,, 4,500,000, 500,000, 600,000, 500,000, 500,000,, 700,000,, 560,000,, 600,000 Continued Capital, Name of Banks. ISituations. (paid np). No. 77 National Bank. 1 ch,3me, Omachi, Sendai City. yen 500,000 NTo. 1 10,,,, Nishinambumachi, Akamagaseki City. 600,000 No. 112,,, Fukuroch6, Toyama City. 500,000 No. 147,,, Muikamachi, Kagoshima City. 500,000 Private Banks. Nameof Bnks.Offies.Capital, Nameof Bnks.Offies.(Paid up.) yen2,000,000 Mitsui Bank. Surugach6, Nihonbashiku, T6kya City. 1000c Ya~suda, 3 ch6me, Kobunach.6, pi P Kawasaki, Himonoch.6, Ptto500,000 T~iky6 Discount Bank. 4 chame, Honch6, Nihonbashiku, T6ky6 City. 500,0O0 T6kai Bank. HEoriech,5,,, Pt50,0 Sh~k6, Sbimoki~ku, Kio-to City. Pt500,000, Yokohama, 2 ch6me, Honch,5, Yokohama City.,, 2,000,000 Shinano Kwann,5 Bank. Takanochb6, Minamisakug6ri, Nagano Prefecture. )9600,000 Shinano Bank. Naganocho, Kauuiminochig6ri,,,500,000 4z z t z BANKS. 465 June Toky.... 1889(June ( '^. Je1839 Osaka. Dec. Tky5... saDec ka.. June Tsky.... Ossak.... 'June T okyo... 1891 i Dc. Osaka. {Osaka Interest. Credit. Deposit. >-. ~ a g Ba.a..g.r 12.0~ 9.0 6.0o 3.66 11.0, 9.0,, 5.5,, 3.5,, 11.5,, 10.0,, 5.6,, 3.2,, 13.0,, 11.0,, 5.5, 3.6,, 10.9,, 9.0,, 6.0,, 3.4,, 11.5, 10.0,, 6.0,, 3.5,, 11.4,, 9.0,, 6.0,, 3.,, 11.2,, 9.5,, 6.0,, 3.6,, 10.4,, 8.6,, 6.0,, 3.2,, 12.0,, 9,, 6.0,, 1.0,, 9.6,, 7.8,, 6.0,, 3.0,, 14.4,, 9.2,, 60,, 1.0.. Daily Discount. 3.00 2.30 3 0! 0 Sen. yen. 2.30 2.10 3.00 2.30 2.80 2.50 4.50 3.00 3. 3.00 3.00 2.10 3.10 2.40 3.20 2.50 2.70 2.20 2 60 1.65 3.33 1.70 2.60 1.80... -..:. 1.. - Rtemtnrks: The interest on credit and deposit is per annum and the discount i per diem on every one hundred yen. Foreign Exchange Rate..f-. --- San FranYear. cisco and London. Paris. Berlin Shang- HongN-ew York. ____ New Yorkai. kong.Dollar. FPranc. Mark. Tail. Dollar. 1887 76.26 3/2 4.00 3.19 71.080 100.10 1888 74.24 3/1 3.87 3.08 72.030 100.35 1889 75.28 3/1* 3.90 3.12 72.075 100.74 1890 82.12 3/4k 4.26 3.40 72.026 100.31 1891 78.01 3/24 4.06 3.25 72.066 100.77 Remarks: This is the average rates of foreign exchanges in Yokohama. Those of Paris, London and Berlin show the difference against Japanese siver yen. and those of San Francisco, New York, Shanghai and Hongkong to one hundred yen silver. 466 C.'OlERCIE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The Banker's Association is organized with the view to promote the interest of the body of bankers and to exchange the bills and checks. There is one in Tokyo and two in Osaka both being established about 1879. As the transaction of Osaka merchants consists specially in the exchange of bills and checks and to adjust each other's accounts, this sale and purchase form the principal feature. JOINT-STOCK CO., MAl.NUiFACTORIES t WIORKSHOPS. 467 CHAPTER X. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, MANUFACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. oint Stock Since the Empire was opened to the Conpalulies. foreigners, pressing necessity of the society hastened the development of commerce and industry, and the home as well as introduced industries gradually advanced. The advantages of joining capitals for the common purpose had naturally been acknowledged among the men of business resulting in continual establishments of the joint stock organizations. The latest return shows the number of commercial firms to be 2,631 total capital amounting to 182,137,82 yen, -and these can be divided into 315 agricultural companies (capital amounting to 5,304,235 yen), 1,296 commercial firms (capital amounting to 120,109,523 yen), and 1,020 industrial companies (capital Amounting 56,724,070 yen). Each of these three divisions is subdivided as below. I. Agricultural Companies. Class. No. Capital. yen. Culture...................... 3 25,060 Developing of Land.......... 15 291,026 Fish Breeding.................... 5 16,429 Fishery...................... 20 319,916 Forestry.....................12 1,575,250 Grazier and Fowl.................. 81 841,881 468 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Class. No. Capital. yen Milking................ 6 50,110 Plantation of Carrot...2 220,000, Lacquer-tree.......... 2 32,220. Mitsumata........ 2 7,950. Mulberry............... 75,541 Scyon.................82,725 Silk Industry................... 108 756,629 Tea..................... 10 96,110 Others.......................... 29 913,388 Total........................ 315 5,304,235 II. Commercial Corporations. yen. Articles for Hire..........0... 10 268,565 Books..................... 4 594,500 Commission Agency............. 58 1,637,459 Compartments and Hall for Hire...... 22 277,005 Contractors................... 10 543,150 Corn.............................. 8 237,555 Cotton...................... 7 35,200 Domestic Animals.................. 8 76,905 Drugs......................... 6 140,55C Fabrics................23 592,630 Fish, Fowl and Meat............... 66 676,948 Foreign Trading................. 14 1,452,100 Fuels and Charcoal............... 40,240 Ice.......................6...38,510 Indigo.................. 7 423,500 Insurance........................ 7 1,650,000 Lime...................12 360,500 Liquors, Spirits etc......... 8 167,000 Loans and Credit....274...............5,654,469 Manure.. 19 127,400 Marine Products................. 21 835,162 Metals and Metallic Ware............ 7 203,506 News Paper and Magazine............ 39 452,680 Oil and Wax...................... 4 156,000 Paper............. 11 233,680 Piers and Boat Bridge....5 236,200 Porcelain, Earthen, Lacquered Ware & Glass 16 361,200 Railway........... 22 74,785,000 Rice Exchange............ 13 505,000 Salt.......................... 12 42,252 JOINT-STOCK CO., MANUFACTORIES J WORKSHOPS. 469 Class. No. Capital. yen. Second-hand Clothes........... 5 18,500 Seed and Scyon................ 4 40,000 Soy........................... 4 42,580 Stock Exchange.................... 5 600,000 Stones.......................... 3 17,000 Sugar............................ 8 365,000 Tea............................ 6 13,550 Threads, all Kind of......... 23 737,075 Temporary Keep of Commodities.......... 4 32,460 Timbers and Bamboo.................. 24 286,370 Tobacco..................... 10 27,500 Transportation by Land............ 179 4,865,780 P... Water............. 85 15,041,669 Vegetables........................ 5 7,050 Warehouse....................... 19 1,465,500 Other Corporations................ 144 3,144,629 Total........................... 1,296 120,109,523 III. Industrial Corporations. yen. All kinds of Instruments........... 6 658,000 Bamboo Works.................... 4 10,676 Boots, Shoes and Leathern Ware......... 3 64,500 Bricks and Tiles.................. 34 1,092,910 Cement.................... 12 2,028,00( Cokes........................... 3 40,200 Contractors of Engineering and Architecture 36 4,459,150 Corn Flour and Vermicellis............ 5 295,000 Cotton Spinning.................. 33 10,265,250 Drugs........................... 15 1,536,580 Dyed Fabrics...................... 4 65,97C Electric lightand G-as........... 12 3,040,650 Fabric.......................... 68 4,314,63S Foreign Liquors.................. 11 ',178,00( Furnitures....................... 3 405,00C; Glass Ware................. 642,950 Hemp Spinning..................... 3 1,250,00( Ice............................ 5 452,590( Implements of Farmers.............. 3 7,00( Indigo........................... 6 205,00C Japanese Liquor................ 14 528,30Z Lacquered Ware and Shipp' Ware...... 8 167,00( Leather........................... 6 435,00( 47() COMMEI1C AND IN)rSlR' IN - TA14 N. Class. No. Capit il. emonade............ Lime............... anure............ Matches Mats made of Rush... Metals and Metallic Ware Mining and Mineral Refining Oil and Wax.... IPrintin... Porcelain and Earthen Ware... Paper...... Raw Cotton....... Raw Silk............ R ice Cleaning...... Salt.............. Sewing Ship Building........ Silk Spinning............ Soap................. Soy and Miso...... Straw Works Sugar.............. Tobacco Twisted Thread...... Other Corporations.. Total............... ~~~ rr~ ~~~ ~rr ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~r ~~~ r~~ r~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~.r ~~~ ~~~ 4 4 7 35 14 10 69 11 61 27 23 3 5 01 37 4 6 4 5 5 4 4 8 22 12 38 1,020 yen. 9,350 12,408 417,700 369,900 114,650 147,610 6,274,911 716,000 739,557 402,095 3,481,364 293,000 5,521,389 1,258,200 113,011 179,140 485,000 497,369 41,000 75,500 10,500 917,463 241,970 111,350 1,151,065 56,725,070 rnufO:toris. nd, It will be the fact acknowledged Workshops. by all men that the workshops and factories are comparatively few in this country, the reason of which is attributable to the unrivalled skill in arts special to this country, that is chiefly the handiworks. The latest return shows the number of factories and workshops belonging to companies and individual person to be 2,489 (capital 70,734,761 yen), and 739 of them are provided with steam-engines, JOINT-STOCK CO., MANUIFACTORIIES ' WVORKSHOPS. 471 (1,519 engines with 28,500 horse power), and 464 with hydraulic-engines (1,283 engines, and 4,772 horse power). In distinguishing them into different classes of industry, the silk producing occupies the first position, cloths weaving, mining, and refining of minerals come next, and metal ware manufacturing, rice cleaning, tobacco preparing, porcelain and earthenware making, match manufacture, brick making, and cotton spinning rank in the third place. For particulars refer to the following table. 472 COMMIHERCE AND INDUSTRIY IN JAPAN. Different Classes of Industry. No. Capital. y.i yen. Cotton Spinning........................ 52 10,951,037 Silk Spinning..................... 5 682,369 Hemp Spinning................ 3 1,250,000 Thread Making................... 851 6,536,594 Fabrics Weaving..................... 273 5,276,360 Sewing.......................... 11 60,300 Dyeing................... 18 117,745 Electric-Light.................... 12 2,340,650 Paper-Making................... 38 3,793,857 Rice Cleaning..................... 72 1,465,386 Drug or Medicine Making....... 32 1,587,880 Brick Manufacturing................ 60 1,252,010 Metal Ware Making............... 74 421,213 Oil Making......................... 24 631,800 Type Printing....................... 80 871,017 Ship-Building....................... 14 1,808,30( Mining & Mineral Refining............ 200 12,044,029 Leather Making..................... 20 608,900 Boots Shoes and Leathern Ware........ 20 1,443,800 Match Manufacturing.................. 68 551,767 Indigo Manufacturing................. 6 205,000 Rush Mattings Manufacturing.............. 1. 118,150 Porcelain and Earthen-Ware Making... 68 545,874 Shipp6 Ware Manufacturing............. 4 36,700 Glass Ware Making.................. 18 668,570 Lacquered Ware Making................ 7 137,000 Wax Making..................... 1 85,553 JOJNT-STCOK CO., MANUFACTORIES 4- WFORKSHOPS. 473 No. of Workmen. 22,326 994 576 40,137 20,263 146 482 13M 2,960 1,320 568 2,71] 2,673 43] 3,831 3,11U 100431 648 587 1,42f, 32 1,354 2,568 48 49C 1,07, 72' Steam-Power. Water-Power. Factories where the engine is used. 36 4 3 381 14 Number o HorseEngines, power. Factories whreNumber of where the engire Engines. is used. V' Horsepower. 3 9 14 67 6 5 11 5 74 3 3~ 4 3 6 77I 20 3 57 37 80 11 5 14 11 22 231 4, 19 3 41 8,294 307 75C 1,837 1,345 16 4,314 3,004 1,352 173 125 142 152 -32 507 3,957 98 19 81 14 3 328 6 6 8 5 14 3 673 8 12 9 6 471 17 593 73 443. 27E 2,534 45 21 602 26 3 474 COMMEP.CE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Different Classes of Industry. No. Capital. yen. Soap,........... 13 1.00,500 Scale and Balance Making......... 9,488 i Straw Ware Making...7............... 7 20,000 I Bamboo Works...................4 12,500 Stationeries Making................ 5 26,500 Lime Making..................... 18 53,006 Cement,....................... 18 2,430,745 Cokes......................... 8 127,700 Implement of Farmers, Making of...... 6. 25,011 Furniture Makinr............ 20 674G,000 Fans andl Round Fans Making......... i 88,800 Dyes and Lacquering Materials Making..... 9 108,500 i Making of the Implements of Fishers.....4. 4 213,200; Manure Making............... 4 7,700 Instruments of all Kinds, Making of...... 7 1,032,000 Canning or various Kinds........... 42,354 Corn and Vermicellis of all Kinds, Making of. 9 307,300 Japanese Liquor Brewing..............1 549,303 Foreign Liquors Brewing..........11 1,173,707 'robacco Preparing.............69. 442,570 Suger Producing.................... 934,500 Soy and Miso Producing.........4 69,783 T Ice Malking.....................111,840 Kanten or Colle Vegetale Making...... 14 50,996 Cut Sea-Weed Making............ 4 16,000 All other Kinds................. 116 6,534,900 I Total............... 2,489 70,734,764 JOINT-STOCK CO., 3MINUFAC CTORIES ~ JORKSHO1'S. 475 No. of Workmen. 258 141 1,877 245 267 223 899 167.98 '726 4731 1,066 353 8 1,530 280 171i 108 1,820 66 33 32 304 173 6,380 289,685 Steami-Power. Factories where Humber of Horseblie Engine En-ines. power. ils nsed. I 1 1 6 644 12 2 e)1 21 2 19 Water-Power. Isetories umober of Horse wlhere hle Tot~ Engines, powers. i-, Used., 1512~ I 1 18:3 C1 151 1 1 12 i13 6 I 3 3 6 3 2 22 3 I 4 6 4 9 23 10 4 28 1,519 5 93 41. 122 82 42 117 535 90 161 28,500 58 3 13 739 60 2 1,283 C 107 4,772 9 464 476 COMMERCEJ AND INDUSTSY IN JAPAN. Moreover, there are numerous government workshops under the direct control of various departments, such as Imperial Mint, (steam-engine 6, horse-power 189, Work-men 160), Printing Bureau (steam-engine 14, horse-power 509, Work-men 1,004) of the Department of Finance, Tokio Arsenal (steam-engine 14, horse-power 462, Work-men 2,872) Osaka Arsenal (steam-engine 10, horse-power 199, Work-men 1,367), and Senjiu Woolen Cloth Factory (steam-engine 4, horse-power 158, Work-men 503) of the War Department, Yokosuka Dock-Yard (steamengine 28, horse-power 425, Work-men 2,831), Onohama Dock-yard (steam-engine 12, horse-power 119, Work-men 945), Naval Arsenal (steam-engine 13, horse-power 347, Work-men 1,188), Gunpowder Factory (steam-engine 4, horse-power 118, Work-men 187) of the Naval Department, and Tomioka Silk Factory (steam-engine 5, horse-power 5, Work-men 406) of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, all of which are busily engaged in the manufactures according to the requirement of the Government. COIMMERCIAL T INDUSTI'IArL SCHOOLS Fcc. 477 CHAPTER XI. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS, TRAINING SCHOOLS, AND NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES. To infuse the scientific knowledge into the original mould of domestic commerce and industry is the prevailing opinion of the day. The Government as well as people are exerting to diffuse the commercial and industrial education. On one side the class of manual works and commercial studies were added to the routine of common schools which number now over thirty thousand while the technical schools are rising in numbers year after year. The five Government Technical Schools are Higher Commercial School, Tokyo Navigation School, Tokyo Industrial School, Tokyo Fine Arts School, and Tokyo Post and Telegraph School, the brief account of which is given in the following pages. Higher Conner- This school was first established in cial School. 1875 and belongs to the Educational Department. The object of this school is to educate those who wish to devote their life to commercial and financial affairs or to become directors or teachers of commercial schools. The course is divided into the proper and preparatory. In the preparatory class, the necessary studies for entering the proper class 478 C0'.K1IERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. are taught, and in the proper class the technical' studies for commerce is specially taken up. The full course is three years and two more yealrs for those who wish to complete their studies after graduation. The number of graduates since the opening is 274 and the present students number 333. The Accountant School, which belongs to this school, is the place to pursue necessary the studies on financial affairs relating to Government, banks and companies. The course is two years. The graduates since the opening are 180, and present students 73. T]kyi' Naviga- This was established in 1875, and tioi0 School. to the Department of Communications. The studies are navigation and marine engineering. In the navigation class, the students are taught in the necessary studies to be the captains and mates of Merchant vessels, and in Engineering class, those to; be Engineers are instructed. The course of the navigation class is divided into five classes. From the fifth class up to the second class, the Japanese and Chinese language, English, Mathematics, Seamanship, Artillery, Marine Engineering and Navigation are taulght in the school, the term of one class being six months, and the first class is practically trained for full three years in the sea-going vessels. The course of the engineering class is divided into four classes. From the fourth up to third class, the COMMERCIAL i, INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS kc. 479,'3 Japanese and Chinese language, English, Mathematic, Engineering, and drawing are taught in the school, the term of one class being six months. In the second class three full years training in the construction of engines in the engine works, and the first class is practically trained in the duties of engineers on board the sea-going vessels. The graduates since the opening are 436, the preserit students 258. tkyia Sndol.- This school was established in May 1881, belongs to the Educational Department. The object is to educate students who wish to be foreman and teachers of the industrial arts. The study is divided into chemical industry and mechanical industry. The chemical industry is classified to dyer's department, porcelain and glass works department and applied chemistry department. In the mechanical department two classifications are mnade the mechanical and electrical departments. The full course is three years, and after graduation, under the school supervision one year is to be spent as mechanics in the workshops to complete the studies. For the men of industrial pursuits or their family who have actually engaged in the practical pursuit. for one full year, having intention to study in one or more of the above mentioned studies, the special class shall be opened for them for the term not exceeding two years. The graduates since the opening are 263, and the present students 227. 430 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. The Industrial Apprentices School, belonging to the above school, is specially opened to instruct the sons of carpenter or smith of the necessary studies for the workmen. The wood works department comprises the carpentry and joinery, and the metal works department, brass, copper and iron works. The full course is three years, and after graduation, for the sake of practice, two years are to be spent as apprentice in the workshops, always to be under the control of this school. The graduates are 12 since the opening and the present students are 53. Toky hFione This school was established in 1887, Art School. and belongs to the Educational Department. The studies are paintings, sculpture, architecture, and other arts, divided into common and proper departments. The common is the preparatory class to the proper, and the course is two years. In the proper, painting, sculpture, architecture and other fine arts are taught; the course for studies being three years. The graduates since the opening are 22, and the present students 220. T6ky6 Post and Tele- This school was established.graph School. in 1871, and belongs to the Department of Communications. The object is to instruct those who devote themselves to the service of Post and Telegraphs, of the necessary studies relating to them. The studies are divided into A and B departments. In the A department the theory and practice of postal and telegraphic administration are taught, COMMERCIAL t INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS Fc. 481 and in the B department telegraphy is principally taught. The course for each department is two years. The graduates since the opening are 1634, and the present students 138. There is a special class belonging to this school. The course is six months, the object being to instruct the clerks of the third class post-office. Besides the above mentioned schools there are public and private schools in the commercial cities which activity engaged in the instructions of students for commerce and industry. The principal ones of them are as follows: '182 COMMEJJICE A.ND INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. Public Schools. I\Name of Sellool.. Hokkaidl6. ilakodato Commercial School. hy6to. Ki~to Com1 -mercial School. Ky46to. Ki6to Fine Art School. Osaka. Osaka Coinmercihd School. Kanwagawa. Yokohama Commercial School. IHiogo. K61bc CornlSchool. Nagasaki. Na ga satk i Commnercial School. Niig~ata. iNiio-at't ComP mlerel.1 School. Aihi 4Nvoya Cowimecrcial School. 6higa. Slii-a Pretecturil CoinSchool. Ishikacwal. Ishikawa Indlustrial School. Hiroshima. Onomichii Commercial11 School. Coumnercial School. Fukuoka. [Jiakata Corninerci-al School. Studies. Comnmerce Drawingn Art's design Commerce Drawing Fine Arts Mechincal Arts. Commerce P~ropt Prejpa Specit, Propc Prepa Primo ~Drawi (Prope 5Prepa ~Attac1 (Prope 5Propa Spech, Full Course. Y ears. rCourse..3 ratory..... ~r Coure... Lry......... Lug....... L's Designu... 5 Is Design ir Course..3 ratorv.....I hed. r Course r~atory.. LI.... I - I 2 11 1 3 P.roper Course...(Preparatory.... I Proper Couirse...3 Preparatory'.. 3 Proper Course.. 3 Preparatory.... 1 3 Drawimi, Main 5 ISpecial Fine Arts.. Main 4 o r 5) tSpecial 2 or 3 Mechanical Arts. Ispecial 2 ( Proper Course.. 3 Preparatory. 2 -Special I 2 Proper Couirse. Preparatory... {Proper Co,.urse... 3 Preparatory.... 1 COMMVERCAL ~' INUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 4~c. Continued:ero stb ubr fN.o 483 - Maintenanece. lishmnent. Professors. Scholars....itrv. 1887 1 (83 y Fit. 1886 1-2 51 41 Municipal. 1880 9 5 Municipatl. 1885 17 ~ 223 (58 By Ch6. 1 88 2 1 7 60 66 Prefectuiral 1878 I10 150( Municipal. 1886 8 91t 1887 4 1881 7 372 Prefectural. 1886 Ii1 103 No. of Oraduates since the Establi!-hments. 31 38 27 54I 128 3 2 42 By ChS5 Municitapl. 1887d 1888 188-1 19J:3 9 (61 23 40 19 535 ~19 30 32 1-9 1886 Private Schools. 0 rf^ Name of School. T6ky6. Ikueik....................., AApprentice School.............., Preparatory School for Higher Commercial School, Commercial Primary School............,, Keiogijiku Commercial Evening School.....,, ky6 Commercial School............, Painting School attached to Seikokwan......,, Sh bikwan................., Shoshido..................... Kwangwagakusha..............,, Kogyokusha..................,, Female Art school......... Female Nippon Embroidery School...., Kioritsu Female Industrial School..........., Female Department of Seiritsugakusha......, emale Industrial School............... Female Industrial School............ K yoto. Training Schools for Dyers............. Osaka. Osaka Commercial School...............,, Osaka Drawing School.................. KIanaga^wa,. Training School of Dyeing............... ( runma. Isezaki Training School for Weaving Nara. Naral Training School of Painting............ Miye. Toba Navigation School.................,, Keigyo Gakusha.................. Hiroshima. Hiroshima Commercial Training School... Stuhdio. I F'll C'rse Year of rse Establishment. Commerce. Industry. Commerce. Drawing.,, Surveying. Handicraft. Industry Commerce. Drawing. Industry.,, Drawing. Navigation. Drawing. Commerce. years 2 1 3 3 3 4 5 3 2 2 2 1 & 2 or 3 3 3 3 11 4 a 11 3 3 9 3 3 1891 1888 1891 1886 1891 1888 1889 1889 1879 1885 1890 1891 1886 1888 1891 1891 1886 1887 1889 1887 1886 1889 1881 1891 ]891 r C, I — t;a W ---, t-t I C,-Z11 1 4t-" tj,4 -4 -4 1 —'d,Z —4 4 -4 17-?, COMMERCIAL ' TWNDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS d'c. 485 Newspaps a.lld The Newspapers and Magazines Magazines. also increase along with the progress of science and arts. The present number of publication is 767, which can classified into 167 relating to agriculture, commerce and industry, 180 general topics of the time, 170 scientific, 68 religion, 45 sanitary, 79 educational, 13 legal, 39 governmental ordinances, 1 economy, 1 army, and two political. 438 C COIMMERCE A TD IN'DUS'TRY. L JA PA N CHAPTER XII. MERCANTILE AND INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM. In every locality of the Empire the mercantile or industrial museums came into existense in late years, showing the rapid increase in number. Tle object is to collect and arrange the foreign and domestic produce for the reference of the public, and for the purpose of promoting the commerce and industries. The organization is under the control of local government, either mnlintenanced by the public or private. The name and situation are shownf in the follewing p1ages. Besides, there are museums belonging to the Imperial Household, one each in Tokyo, Iyoto, and Nara. Those belonging to the Educational Department are Imperial University Library, University Botanical Garden, Tokyo Library, and Tokyo Educational Museum. Industrial and Competitive expositions are held in each prefecture, city, town or village, or several prefectures etc. are joined together in the exposition in the fixed time of the year, to encourage and promote the development of each respective industry. The expense is defrayed by the public or by the private promoters. In case of the united exposition the Department of Agriculture and Commerce awards tlhe prize. MERCANTILE AND INDUSTRIAL lMUSEUM. 487 Name. Osaka Commercial Museum............ Osaka Museum............... Fukushima Prefecture Products Museum Porcelain and Earthen Ware lMuseum... Aichi Prefecture Museum............ Kyoto Porcelain and Earthen Ware Collection...................... Niigata Commercial Museum......... Iwate Products Museum........... Mie Prefecture Products Muicum...... Fukui City Products Museum......... Industrial Specimen Museu......... Kanazawa Industrial Museum......... Tsuseikwan..................... Nara Products Collection............ Miyazaki Prefecture Industrial Museum... Hokkaido Land Products Specimens Museum................ Hakodate Museum................ Hakodate Aquatic Products Museum... Meintenance. By Fu. Prefectural. Private. Prefectural. Private. Municipal. Prefectural Municipal. Prefectural. By Gun. Private. Prefectural. By Administrative Board... - -... 488 (ToMM,1ERICP AND -LVDU*SlltJJY INJPN I Situation. Year of Estab'rntnt. D)6jirnaharnad~ri, Kitaku, Osaka. 1890. HonclA, Higoashiku,,, 18 74. FukushuimachK Fukushirna Prefecture 1888. Hdong~mura Onuuiag~ri,, Monzeneh6, 'Nagoya City. 187-8. G{oj5i, Sbirnoky5ku, Ky6to. 1889. lshkdzuech6, Nifigata City. 1891. Uchirnaru, Mlorioka City. In Park of Tsu City. 1883. Sakae -Nakach8 Fukui Prefecture. 1887. Kaniiichi, Mito City. 1888. In the Park of Kanazawa City. 1874. Korniatsuch~,5,Nomig,6ri, Ishikawa Pref'ture. 1887. Narach5, 'Nara Profecture. 1 878S. 3Miyazakich6, lviyazaki Prefecture.18G In the Park Nakajiuia, Sapporoku. 1888. Aoyagich6, Hakodateku. 18719. In the Park, 9,, 1889. I INDEX. A. Aniline Dyes............... 272 Antimony.................. 226 Area of the Empire............ 4 Awabi, Dried............... 124 Awabi Shell.............. 133 B. Bamboo............ Banks................... Bank, National............... Bank, Nippon............... Bank, Private............... Bank, Specie............... Barley..................... Beans, Peas and pulse......... Beer (imported)............ Beer, Wine &c............ Blanket.............. Books (exported)........... Books (imported)............ Boundaries of the Empire... Bronze..................... Butter..................... 135 457 458 459 461 460 260 260 268 247 297 248 325 1 227 269 Commodities Imported to...... 259 Companies............... 467 Consular Regulation of Japan... 386 Consulate, Location of.... 391 Copper, Bar, Slab and Sheet...... 228 Copper, Ingot.............. 228 Coral,. (exported).......... 248 Coral (imported)........... 328 Cordage of Rigging............ 319 Cotton Cloth for Floor........ 21; Cotton Flannel............... 217 Cotton Handkerchief......... 299 Cotton Mompa............... 217 Cotton on the Seeds......... 284 Cotton, Raw (exported)...... 217 Cotton, Raw (imported)...... 281 Cotton Thread........... 288 Cotton Undershirts and Drawers, (exported)................. 248 Cotton Undershirts and Drawers, (imported)............. 30( Cotton Velvet.............. 288 Cotton Yarn........... 285 Custom House, Minister & Consul. 333 Custom House, Amended Organization of.................. 383 Custom House, Extent of its Jurisdiction.............. 352 Custom House, Law of......... 352 Custom House Regulation...... 356 Custom House Shed Regulation... 367 Custom House Storage Regulation (explosives)............... 377 Custom House Storage Regulation (volatile substances)......... 380 Custom House Warehouse Regulation.................. 369 Cuttle Fish.................. 1 21 C. Calico................. 287 Camphor............... 175 Cannon................ 324 Canvas.... 300 Cement......... 328 Chambers of Commerce....... 436 Charcoal............... 166 China Root................. 178 Cigar and Cigarettes (imported).. 271 Cigarettes (exported)........ 247 Cities............... 40 Climate................ 30 Clock.................... 319 Clothings With Appendages...... 248 Coal, (exported)........... 165 Coal, (imported)........... 324 Coal, Dust................. 166 Cocoons, Pirced and Waste...... 191 Coinage............. 54 Commerce..... 68 Commodities Exported from.....105 D. Diplomatic and Consular Officials... 384 Dy)lmlliCte.............. 328 E. Exchanges.............. 450 Exchange, Produce............ 465 Exchange, Rice.............451 Exchange, Stock............ 452 490 INDEX. F. Fan and Round Fan............ Feathers............... Fine Art School, Tkyo........ Fishes, Dried and Salted........ Flannel............... Flax, Hemp and Jute....... Floor Mats.................. Floss Silk................. Floss Silk Waste............ Flours (exported)............ Flours (imported)............ Freight and other Expenses on Export Goods............ J. Foreign Trade after Ansei Period. Foreign Trade before Ansei Period. Furniture.................. Furs.................... G. Gall-nuts.................. General Features and Tivisions of the Empire............... Geographical Position of the Empire..................... Ginger.................. Ginseng.................. Gomame.................. Gunny Bags............... Gun PoWder............... H. Hakodate Port............. Hamaguri.................. Harbours.................. Hats and CapS............... Xemp and Jute Yarn......... Hemp Cloth............... Hides, Baffalo and Cow....... Higher Commercial School, Tokyo. Honorary Consul, Location of I. Indigo, Dried............ Industrial School, Tokyo...... Industry.................. Iodide of Potash......... Iriko or Becle de Mer......... Iron, Bar and Rod........... Iron, Nail............... Iron, Pig.................. Iron, Pipes and Tubes......... Iron, Plate and Sheet......... Iron, Rail.................. Iron, Screw.......... Iron, Sheet (electro plated)..... Iron W ire.................. Italian Cloths............... Ivory Works.............. 146 133 480 126 296 300 141 19! 191 108 260 251 81 70 248 132 178 1 119 176 126 300 328 7 126 9 300 248 327 477 392 273 479 67 274 125 307 308 305 308 307 317 309 309 309 297 134 J. Japanese and American Trade... 393 Jinrikisha................... 248 K. Kainohashira......... K;mlten or Colle Vegetale K1be Port............ Kyito City............ L....... 127...... 123...... C1...... 34 Lakes..................... Lantern.................. Lard.................. Leadl................ Lead, Tea.................. Leather, all Kinds of......... Leather, Sole............... Legation, Location of....... Lily Bulbs.................. Locomotive Engine........... Logwood, Extract of......... M. Machinery, Mining and Part of... Machinery, Paper Making...... Machinery. Spining... Manufactories............... Maritime Colmunications...... M arket..................... Matches............ M easures.................. Mentlol Crystal............... Mercury.................. M ilk.................... Minerals................ Mountain Cliains............ Mousseline de laine............ Museum, Commercial and Industril.................... Mussel..................... 9 149 279 306 306 327 326 391 248 317 274 318 319 316 470 48 455 182 61 178 30( 269 248 5 297 486 127 N. Nagasaki Port............ Navigation School, Tokyo News Papers and Magazines... Niigata Port............ 0. Cil Cake............... Oil, Camphor............ Oil, Cocoanut............ Oil, Fish................. 22... 478... 485... 29... 324... 176... 279... 170 INDEX. Oil, Kerosene... Oil, Paraphine... Oil, Peppermint Oil, Rape-seed... Os aka City................................................................. 279 279 178 171 36 P. Packing Matts.............. 300 Paint in Oil............... 273 Papers................... 159 Paper, Foreign.............. 160 Paper, Gampi.............. 160 Paper, Printing.............. 282 Paper, Wall.............. 161 Paper Works............... 162 Peony Barks............... 178 Phosphorous Amorphous...... 247 Pictures................. 248 Plmnts..................... 248 Population of the Empire...... 4 Post..................... 45 Post and Telegraph School, Tokio 480 Potatoes................. 119 Private Schools, Table of...... 484 Public Schools, Table of...... 482 R. Rags................ 248 Railway................ 41 Railway Carriages............ 317 Rape-seed.................. 171 Rnttanl........... 3328 Regulation under which Amercan Trade is to be conducted in Japan.............. 406 Rice (exported)........... 107 Rice (imported)............ 259 Rivers.............. 7 S. Sake.............. 247 Salmon and Cod........... 126 Salt............. 247 Salt Petre.................. 274 Salycilic Acid.............. 274 Sardine, Dried.............. 328 S,'tin, Cotton........... 288 Satin, Cotton and Silk Mixed... 298 Schools, Commercial and Industrial.................... 477 Screen................. 152 Sea-weed.................. 122 Sea-weed, Cut............... 12 Serges.............. 300 Sharks' Fins............ 126 Shiitake............... 119 Shirtings, Dyed...........286 Shirtings, Grey...........285 Shirtings, White...... Shrimp............... Silk Goods............ Silk Handkerchiefs..... tilk Manufactures...... Silk, Noshi........... Silk, Raw............ Silk, Tama............ Silk, Waste............ Soap, Toilet......... Soap, Washing......... Socks and Stockings. Soda, Caustic......... Soy............... Star-anise............ Steam Boiler and Engine.. Steam Vessels......... Steel............. Steel Wire.......... Straw Board........ Straw Plaits........ Sugars.............. Sulphur............ Sulphuric Acid......... 491...... 285...... 125..... 204...... 205...... 207...... 190...... 187...... 191...... 10...... S4~;...... 248...... 248...... 2174...247...... 178...... 31....... 31X...... 309...... 30t)...... 282...... 14'... 2... 63...... 177..... 178 T. Table of Commodities Exported from Japan to the United States. 429 Table of Comumoidities Imported from the United States to Japan. 414 Table of Exported and Imported Commodities............... 87 Table of Exported Commodities to Various Countries............ 92 Table of Imported Commodities f om Various Countries...... 88 Table of Merchant Vessels Cleared for....................... 100 Table of Merchant Vessels Entered from............... 99 Table of Sailing Vessels Cleared for..................... 104 Table of Sailing Vessels Entered from................. 102 Table of Specie and Bullion Exported and Imported......... 96 Table of Specie and Bullion Exported to Various Countries...... 98 Table of Specie and Bullion Imported from Various Countries... 97 Table of Steamers Cleared for...... 103 Table of Steamers Entered from... 101 Table Showing American and Japanese Trade............. 412 Tariff Conventin............ 33? Tariff. Export,........... 347 Tariff, Import............... 340 Tariff of Consular Fee and Charges for Attendances............ 389 492 1NDEX. Tariff of Storage Charges...... 373 T Cloth.................. 286 Tea, Bancha............. 14 Tea, Black............. 114 Tea, Dust............... 114 Tea, Green............. 111 Tea, Lump............... 114 Telegraph............ 48 Telegraph Wire......... 309 Timbers and Planks (exported). 136 Tiniibers and Planks (imported).. 328 Tin (exported)............ 229 Tin (imported)............... 309 TIabacco, Leaf......2..... 217 Tokyo City............... 31 Tortoise Shell.............. 38 Treaty of America and Japan... 394 Treaty of Amity and Commerce between America and Japan.....398 Turkey-reds.............. '2,6 U. Umbrella.................. 155 Umbrella, Japanese.......... 155 Unions and Associations, Commercial and Industrial... 0..... 410 V. Vermicelli.............247 Vermilion............... 274 Victoria lawn.............. 87 Victuals and Beverages... 2..... 247 w. Wares, Bamboo...... Wares, Brass...... Wares, Bronze............ Wares, Copper............ Wares, Earthen and Porcelain Wares, Glass...... Wares, India Rubber Wares, Iron............ Wares, Lacquered. Wares, Shippa or Cloisonne... Wares, Steel............ Wares, Wooden............ W atches............... Wax, Parapiine............ Wax, Vegetable...... W eights............ W heat.................. W ine.................. Window Glass............ Wire, Brass...... Wool. Woolen Cloths............ Woolen Yarn............ Workshops.................. 136... 229... 225... 229... 234... 236... 32.5... 229... 219...23.5... 309...137... 319... 279... 168.. 61... 10S... 269 ~.. 326... 229... 295... 298.. 296... 470 Y. Yaki3gai Shell.............. 134 Yokohama Port............... 10 z. Zinc, Sheet................. 306 \\ \\\ \!1, 3 90j l I