lf 0 i 0 B 49 673 I I l l i l l i I i i l i I ' I I I I I I I I F I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I i l I i I i l I I i I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I: = I i I I I i i I i I i I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I __ i i i l i i i i l l I., I l I I I I I I I I _ I I I I I I I I I I, i I I I I I I I I I _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I i i l l l l i l i _ I I I I I I I I I I I I i l i I i l i i l I I i i I I I I I I I I i i I I I I I I I I I I i l l l i i I i I I I l I i l l l i I I I I I I I I I I I =} I I i i I i I I I I i = I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I, I, I S,,, I,, I I I I I I I I I I I _ I I I i i I I i I i I l l l l l i l i l l l r = I I I I I i I i i I I I I l i l l i I i l l l i l l l I I l l l I I I I I I I I I I I i I i I I i I I I l l l l I i l = 4 ci CDI N 0 Ck t. 4O ~ w Sm: C i S) II l-A /-/ 3 a i/ He,1 "The isles shall wait for his law." This book contains the names of men and women who have given to the world something better than material success, in bringing to heathen peoples and savage races a Christian civilization. OTHER BOOKS: TIHE SKIDMORE GENEALOGY. HISTORY OF BROOKFIELD, CONNECTICUT. MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE WOMEN IN FOREIGN LANDS AS EDUCATORS AND MISSIONARIES. THE INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE ISLANDS THROUGH THE AGENCY OF THE MISSIONARIES AND THEIR DESCENDANTS 1820-1920 BY EMILY C- HAWLEY BROOKFIELD CENTER, CONNECTICUT PRESS OF E. L. HILDRETH & CO. BRATTLEBORO, VERMONT 1922 "STORRMFIELT). I (11 of iMark Iwain," West Redding Conncticut. Hlis last residenice. THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS No land il all the world has any deep, strong charm for me but that one; no other land could so lovingly and beseechingly haunt me, sleeping and waking, through half a lifetime as that one has done. Other things leave me, but it abides. Other things change, but it remains. For me its balmy airs are always blowing, its summer seas flashing in the sun. The pulsing of its surf-beat is in my ears. I can see its garlanded crags, its leaping cascades,'its plumy palms blowing by the shore, and its remote summits floating like islands above the cloud racks. I can feel the spirit of its woodland solitude. I can hear the plash of its brooks, in lly nostrils still lives the breath of flowers that perished years and years ago. SAMUEL L. CLEMENS. "Stormfield," West Redding, Connecticut, 1910. ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE "Stormfield," Redding, Connecticut....... 4 A Palm-Bordered Drive, Honolulu....... 10 Cocoanut Palms in Fruitage...... 14 Tropical Scene with Tall Palms. Rice in the foreground..16 Lake of Fire. Kilauea on side of Mauna Loa.. 18 Luxuriant Vegetation Covering the Lava Plains.. 20 Royal Palms, Honolulu........ 22 The Pali (precipices) Six Miles from Honolulu...24 First Method of Preaching under the Gigantic Hau Trees.30 Punahou College.......... 32 Punahou Mission School in 1865....34 Kamehameha School.......... 36 Bronze Statue of Kamehameha I........ 38 A Marine View......... 44 Old Mission House, Honolulu........ 48 New Mission Memorial Hall, Honolulu... 50 Kawaihao Church, Honolulu........ 52 Congregational Meeting House, Brookfield, Connecticut.. 54 On the Summit of Laurel Hill........ 58 Home of Mrs. Lucia Holman-Tomlinson... 60 Harry Ruggles Homestead, remodeled..... 62 St. Thomas Cathedral, Honolulu.....66 Interior of St. Thomas Cathedral....... 68 Site of the Old Cooke Homestead, Danbury, Connecticut.74 Breadfruit Tree.......... 76 Travelers Palm........... 80 INTRODUCTION My interest in Foreign Missions was the outcome of my student days at Mount Holyoke, for it is a well-known fact that no institution has sent out a more consecrated host of missionary teachers than the institution founded by Mary Lyon in 1837. Of the more than ten thousand students who have gone forth from this institution to do the work of the world as home-makers, teachers, scientists, doctors, lawyers, social workers and authors, more than three hundred and fifty Mount Holyoke women have done conspicuous service in foreign countries as missionary educators and medical missionaries. The needs of the millions in other lands, who were destitute of Christian teaching, were frequently presented to the students at South Hadley, and the presence from time to time of well-known missionary preachers, as guests of the college, quickened our interest in the cause. It would be quite impossible for any student of my day to forget a Doctor Cyrus Hamlin, founder of Robert College, Constantinople, Turkey; a Doctor Jacob Chamberlain of India; or a Doctor Andrew Murray, founder of the Huguenot College and Seminaries of South Africa. These were all men of great and varied activities, deep piety and impressive personality. Gifted women likewise presented the claims of the foreign work in a manner to engage our interest therein, among the number, Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, distinguished educator, and founder of the International Institute for Girls in Spain. Coming to my own generation, I viewed with great interest the splendid achievements of that missionary-educator, Doctor Howard S. Bliss, whose death, hastened by the exigencies incident to the World War, occurred in 1 92() in the Adirondacks; his name was often mentioned during my student days at Mount Holyoke, as he was a friend of my roommate, who was also of a well-known missionary family. Doctor Howard S. Bliss was president of the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut under the shadow of Mount Lebanon, to the development of which he devoted the best years of his manhood and the best energies of a richly endowed 7 physical and mental personality. This college, founded by Doctor Bliss' father, was the outcome of a missionary school of high standing. It is now a full-fledged university of a thousand students of every conceivable racial admixture, with a faculty of fourscore accomplished teachers. The campus, with its more than twenty stately buildings, is the wonder of all visitors who journey along the Mediterranean, for it is in truth one of the most impressive educational institutions to be found in any land. The Hawaiian Islands had always a charm for me. In my girlhood I had known Miss Kate Atherton of Honolulu when a guest at the home of my uncle, Mr. Amos P. Hawley of Brooklyn, New York. She was not a missionary, but a member of the Atherton family of Honolulu and deeply interested in the work at the Islands. She took me one evening to a social gathering at Plymouth Church, and after an introduction to Reverend Henry Ward Beecher, the pastor, she poured into his ears the needs of Hawaii and secured his assistance in behalf of certain schools there. Among my student friends at Mount Holyoke was Miss Fannie P. Andrews of Makawao, Hawaiian Islands (later a graduate physician and wife of Doctor Frederick Shepard). She invited me one (lay to examine a hcrbarilum which she had brought from the Islands and presented to the college. It was a choice collection of ferns, emlbracing one hundred varieties, which she, and her friends there, had analyzed, pressed and mounted on large sheets of heavy white cardboard of uniform size. These specimens ranged from the exquisite lacelike fronds of the smaller varieties to the splendid royal ferns and basket ferns of luxuriant growth, also the palmlike leie, which forms "hanging gardens" on the treetops; all these plants of indlescribable loveliness increased my admiration for, and interest in, this wonderland of the IPacific Ocean. Later I entertained in my home as a guest AMrs. Mary Clement Leavitt of Boston, a woman who had traveled all over the world. To my inquiry, "Of all the lands you have visited which interested you most?" she replied, "Hawaii, because of its lovely climate and glorious scenery." MAy interest in this island world increased when I subsequently studied its history and became aware that among the first missionary teachers there were four from my home town, B:rookfield, Connecticut, who went to the Islands in 1819, and two froll the city of Danbury, Connecticut, which was for many years my home. S In 1908 I published a brief sketch of the "Four Missionaries to Hawaii from Brookfield," for the American IBoard, which convened that year in Brooklyn, New York, and received from President Capen words of appreciation. Honorable George R. Carter, a former governor of Hawaii, wrote me for the "Sketch" for the local Historical Society of Honolulu, stating that as its president he was collecting everything printed in regard to the experiences of the first missionary teachers to Hawaii, as such information was of vital interest to their descendants there. Governor Carter addled that he was a grandson of Doctor Judd, who came to Hawaii in 1828 in the ship Parthian. I visited the home of Mr. Samuel L. Clemens at Redding, Connecticut, in 1910, and the master of "Stormfield" told me of his delight in Hawaii when he was a young journalist there years before; and pointing to a beautiful specimen of wood carving representing the breadfruit with leaves and stem, remarked that it had just been sent to him from the Islands. Mr. Clemens gave me permission to quote from his "pen-picture" of Hawaii written years ago, which description is so beautiful that I place it on a separate page at the opening of this book. A desire to preserve in permanent form the information which I have taken much time to secure, has led mle to write this book, hoping also that it may be acceptable to all who are interested in that great undertaking of a century ago, the evangelization of the Hawaiian race. IEMILY C. HAWLEY. April, 1920, Brookfield Center, Connecticut. 9 A. 'ALMDm-BoRL)Ei 1 * Ws~~~~i"f:.Iid:ta X X g - s~~~~~~~~~i J. l i 0 |~~~~~~~~"::r A~~~~~~~ _ 0: -.. -~~~~~-~~D i 0'..m_ hd,\E. __ qiv5X _~~~~~~~~c t11Z; g... _ _ 0.0'-.h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~42~ ljlid3 _.jb'M~~iX~g \,i I FlF- Sar ~' -~~~8:L' __~~~~~~~~~~D~ *bn9- 1 _A~.; T~. t)W\Xz A n ^ f Cs|| j o~r f rt i 5 ~fJ iIi;.:1\ 11;. sttx r it 1 v]il THE OCCASION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS HAWAIIAN BOY WINS AN IMMORTAL NAMEI; Merchant sailing vessels plying between New York and China a hundred years ago always stopped at the Hawaiian Islands for supplies, and sometimes wintered there. It was quite natural that Hawaiian youth, with the spirit of adventure and desire to know something of the outside world, should take passage on these merchant ships, sometimes in the capacity of seamen, and visit foreign ports. Several boys from the Islands had been brought to New England ports in this manner and desired to remain in the United States and secure an education. Among the number was Henry Obookiah* (pronounced U-be-ki'-ah), born in Hawaii in 17)95. His parents had been killed in one of the lnumerous wars waged by King Kamehaneha I, and he and an infant brother were left as the sole survivors of the family. After the death of the younger brother, who was put to death by the enemies of the family, Obookiah, left homeless, was cared for by an uncle, but he was most unhappy and sought for an opportunity to escape from the Islands. When he was twelve years of age he took passage on a ship that had come into the harbor of the place where he lived, whose comllander was Captain Britnall of New Haven, Connecticut. This vessel was en route from New York to China. (bookiah shipped as a cabin boy, in company with a Hawaiian youth namedl Thomas Hopoo.t Although he knew it not as he sailed away, he was destined never again to look upon his native island home. One of the passengers on this vessel was a Yale College student, Russell Hubbard by name, who was taking a sea voyage for his health. He became interested in the bright Hawaiian youth and instructed him in the rudiments of the English language while on the journey eastward. The voyage to China being accomlplished, Captain Britnall returned to the United States and took Henry Obookiah with hinm to his holme in New Haven, Connecticut. Later on, Obookiah was found quite friendless on the stel)s of one of the old Yale College buildings, and Rev. Edwin Dwight took him under his care and instructedl hlil and interested other students in the orphan boy from the * Old spelling Opukahia. t Old spelling Hopu. 23 O)AHU ISLAND. The Pali (precipices), six iiles from Honolulu, over which Kamehaimela I drove his elemies, during his campaign of conquest, are visited by all tourists. distant Pacific Islands. The most valuable friend of Henry Obookiah, however, was Samuel J. Mills, who was at the time a student at Yale. He brought him to his home in Torringford, Litchfield County, Connecticut, and cared for him as for a brother. Later when Mills went to Andover Seminary for his theological training he took Obookiah with him, and there continued his brotherly attentions and instructions, which were shared by the Andover students. Obookiah's thirst for knowledge was a passion centered on the thought that he might return to Hawaii as a teacher. Later on, when he became a student at the mission school in Cornwall, he pleaded with Rev. Edwin Dwight and Samuel J. Mills to return with him and preach the gospel of Christ to his people. His touching appeals that someone be sent to Hawaii, and his own beautiful Christian character, became the inspiring cause of the great missionary undertaking to Hawaii in 1819. Henry Obookiah did not live to accompany the first missionary company to his native land, for his death occurred at Cornwall, Connecticut, on February 17, 1818, and he was buried in the old Cornwall cemetery. FOREIGN MISSION SCHOOL AT CORNWALL, CONNECTICUT ORGANIZED 18 16 The New England churches had organized in 1810 a society to send the gospel to heathen countries, officially known as "The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions." They had undertaken a mission to India in 1813, and in 1816 the society entered upon a new enterprise, growing out of the presence in New England of intelligent boys from pagan countries, and decided to open a school for the education of these youth. The American Board founded the first school in the world for the training of pagan youth for the evangelization of their own peoples, or, as the constitution of the school declared, "The education in our country of heathen youths, in such manner as, with subsequent professional instruction, will qualify them to become missionaries, physicians, schoolmasters, or interpreters, and to communicate to heathen nations such knowledge in agriculture and the arts as may prove the means of promoting Christianity and civilization." Cornwall was then, as now, a hill town about thirty miles north of Brookfield in l itchfield County. A farm of nearly one hundred acres of land and two dwelling 25 houses were purchased in that village by the agents of the Board, and the citizens of Cornwall gave an academy building valued at twelve hundred dollars. Rev. Herman Daggett became the first principal of the school and Rev. Amos Bassett succeeded him. The work was favorably received by President Timothy Dwight of Yale College and Governor Treadwell, both of whom interested themselves in the undertaking. The interest extended to other countries; Baron de Campagne of Switzerland contributed $876 toward its support. The mission school opened in 181G6 with twelve boys (seven from Hawaii), representing several nationalities, and during the ten years this school was in operation fifty or more heathen youth were educated there. The first Hawaiian students were Henry Obookiah, Thomas Hopoo,* John Honoree, William Tennooe and George Tamoree. Henry Obookiah had been in the United States about seven years when he entered the Cornwall School and was probably eighteen years of age. The mission school became the inspiring cause of not a few persons' offering themselves as pioneers in mission work among foreign nations, Rev. Hiram Bingham and Mr. Samuel Ruggles being of the number who were influenced by this school to take up work in Hawaii. After much deliberation, therefore, the American Board decided to select a company of ministers and laymen willing to undertake the great adventure to the far-distant Pacific Islands, there to become pioneers of a better civilization and a purer religion founded on the principles of Christianity. Such an undertaking in 1 819, one hundred years ago, was an event to be entered into with due consideration, for they could not foresee the outcome. THE FIRST MISSIONARY COMPANY SAILING FROM BOSTON OCTOBER 23, 1819, ARRIVED AT THIE ISLANDS APRIL 4, 1820. AN EIGH(TEEN-THOUSAND-MILE JOURNEY This conmpany numbered twenty-two persons, namely, Rev. Hiram Blingham and wife, Rev. Asa Thurston and wife, Rev. Samuel Whitney and wife, Mr. Samuel Ruggles and wife, Dr. Thomas Holman and wife, Mr. Elisha Loomis and wife, Mr. Daniel Chamberlain, wife and five children, and three Hawaiian students from Cornwall, Thomas Hopoo, William Tennooe and John Honoree. * Old spelling IHopu-Honluri-Tcnue-Tamori. 26 A farewell service was held for the outgoing missionaries at Park Street Church. Boston, Massachusetts, on October 18, 1819, and the missionary band was there organized into a church and went forth as such. They embarked October 23, 1819, on a small sailing vessel, the Thaddcits, commanded by Captain Blanchard and First Mate James Hunnewell, and left Boston Harbor on a journey of more than eighteen thousand miles, as the route taken by small sailing vessels at this period was more circuitous than that taken by steamships later on. The Thaddcus was a brig which possessed almost no conveniences, and they were on this vessel over five months, for they sailed by the way of Cape Horn and did not reach the Pacific Ocean until early in February, suffering greatly froml cold and exposure when off the Straits of Magellan. They passed the Island of Tahiti later in the month and on March 30 a)pproached the Hawaiian Islands and came in sight of the snow-capped summit of Mauna Loa. On April 4, 1820, they anchored at Kailua, the "king's village," on the west side of the largest island of the group, the Island of Hawaii. (Their passage on the Thaddeuls had cost the American Board $2,50)0. The brig was later sold to the king of the Islands for $40,00(.) The Hawaiian students from the Cornwall School who accompanied the missionaries acted as interpreters when the interview with the king and his chiefs took place. The great Hawaiian ruler, Kamehameha I, had died the previous year and idolatry had been abandoned to a great extent, together with other heathen practices and rites. The coming of the Christian missionaries was therefore at a time when Providence seemed to have prepared the way for His messengers, the New England pioneer missionaries. RECEPTION OF TIIE EARLY MISSIONARIES BY THIE KING The party left the friendly shelter of the Thaddeus, which had been their abiding llace for over five months, and on April 12, 18290, landed at Kailua, on Hawaii Island. Ka lehameha II, who had succeeded his father, with his favorite wife, Kamamalu (Ka-ma-ma'-lu) received them in the Audience Hall, which was a large, barnlike, thatched building, without floor, the earth being covered with fine mats; the openings in the sides of the structure which served as windows were coveredl )y 27 Venetian shutters and the rafters and pillars of the building were fastened together by cords made of cocoanut husk. The hall was, however, furnished with mahogany tables, chairs and mirrors brought from China, and two life-sized portraits of the king. The interview with the king and queen was friendly and the missionaries received permission to remain on the Islands "for one year," and were given the native thatched huts to live in, which were provided with one single low room to serve as parlor, bedroom and study, cooking being done in the open air. These early homes were afterward enlarged, but for fourteen years at least a majority of the missionary families lived in thatched houses, and salt beef, pork and hard bread formed the staple diet. Milk could not be had, as the largest domestic animal on the Islands was the pig. The ladies of the missionary company were well educated, and soon commenced to show the Hawaiian women how to make garments and to care for their children; much patient labor was required. Dr. Hiram Bingham records: "Just look into the straw palace of a Hawaiian queen, during the first and second year of our sojourn among them, and see a missionary's wife waiting an hour to get her to turn from her cards to try on a new dress for which she has asked. Then, on trial, hear her remark, 'Too tight; off with it; do it over'; then see her resume her cards, leaving the lady tired, but patient, to try again, and when successful to be called on again and again for more... Look again as another year passes; you may see the same queen at her writing desk, her maids around her, under the superintendence of the same teacher, learning to use the needle and make dresses." THE MISSIONARIES MAKE AN ALPIABET The first work before the New England missionaries was to acquire the Hawaiian language; the second step was to reduce the language to an alphabet, for the Hawaiian people had no written language, no books. Their condition was the most primitive possible. The Hawaiian alphabet as made by the missionary teachers consisted of twelve letters. five vowels and seven consonants; each letter had but one sound, and each syllable ended in a vowel. These twelve letters expressed every sound in the native language. In two year's time, that is, in 1822, elementary reading books, and an arithmetic and grammar were printed in the Hawaiian tongue, and Kamehameha II and the chiefs of the five islands required all their subjects to go to school to the missionary 28 teachers, with the result that in a few years thousands, both old and young, could read and write. Chiefs and people were wonderfully fascinated with the idea that they could convey thoughts by writing. The entire Bible was translated into the Hawaiian tongue, which task was accomplished in 1839. The translators of the New Testament were Messrs. Bingham, Thurston, Richards, Bishop and Andrews. Translators of the Old Testament were Messrs. Bingham, Thurston, Richards, Bishop, Clark, Green, Dibble and Andrews. Within fifteen years, or less, schools and churches were erected on all of the five Islands, and this was but the beginning of a new existence for these wonderful Islands in the Pacific Ocean. THIE FIRST MISSIONARY STATIONS The four stations occupied by the first company of missionaries in 1820 were: KAILUA, on the Island Hawaii, to which station Rev. and Mrs. Thurston and Dr. Holman and wife were assigned. This was the "king's village" at this period. The gospel was first proclaimed here, as we have already stated. In 1826 a large church was erected at Kailua, one hundred and eighty feet by seventy-eight feet, accommodating four thousand people, and more than that number were present when it was dedicated. HONOLULU, on the Island Oahu, about two hundred miles distant from the Island Hawaii, and later the seat of the Hawaiian Governlenlt. To this station Rev. Hiram Bingham and wife were assigned. WAIMEA, on the Island Kauai, the most northern island of the group and the oldest. Rev. Samuel Whitney and wife occupied this station, and Mr. Whitney preached there twenty-five years. Mr. Samuel Ruggles and wife were located on this island at the first. HILO, on the east shore of Hawaii Island, became a mission in 1.824. Also Puna, embracing eighty miles of seacoast. Mr. Samuel Ruggles of Brookfield and Rev. Mr. Goodrich were the pioneers here, and later Rev. Titus Coan, a native of Connecticut. Fifteen years later the stations occupied by resident missionaries were as follows: On the Island Hawaii: Kailua, Kaawaloa, Waimea and Hilo. On the Island Maui: Lahaina, Lahainaluna, Wailuku and Haiku. 29 FIRST METHOD OF PREACHING IN HAWAII. Under the gigantic hau trees. On the Island Molokai: Kaluaaha. On the Island Oahu: Honolulu, Ewa, Waialua and Kaneohe. On the Island Kauai: Waimea, Koloa and Kauai. At these sixteen stations there were twenty-four ordained missionaries and forty-two assistant missionaries in 1835. PREACHING TOURS AROUND THE ISLANDS The methods employed by the pioneer missionaries were unique. In company with the chiefs of the several Islands they instituted "preaching tours," which embraced journeys of many miles on foot around all the principal Islands. In this way they reached the native Hawaiians in their villages and presented the gospel of Christ to them, and gave instruction to young and old. A "preaching tour" of three hundred miles around the Island Hawaii was undertaken in 1825. Starting from Kailua, where the first church was organized, they proceeded northerly, visiting all the native hamlets. A similar tour of one hundred miles was made by Rev. Hiraml Biingham around the Island Oahu in 182, in company with the noble regent (queen, Kaahumlanu, who had great influence with the people of her native island. As they journeyed onward they were joined by a numerous company who had previously been influenced by Mr. Bingham's preaching, and who desired to follow him, so that the "preaching tour" became a traveling school with daily instruction in the Bible and other books. Subsequent tours were made over all the Islands, many times repeated. The queen directed the peolle to erect places of worship and to build schoolhouses, which were constructed according to the native style, thatched grass over a stout frameworkl of cocoanut fiber. The attitude of the queen and chiefs and the authority which they exercised over their subjects were of vital importance in the spread of the Christian religion among the native Hlawaiians, and probably has no parallel in the history of missions. CHIIURCHIES The first places of worship were in the open air under the immense hau trees and the congregations were very large, often numbering thousands. The first church buildings erected were the native grass structures, which frequently accommodated from two to four thousand persons. Later on, stone church edifices were constructed on all the Islands at large cost of labor. Some of these 31 ILN~o l OL~E I.n ISLAND... | 2 E E I~~~~~~~~~~~~i. PU)[\HO COL1[jE(JEY, OA ISAD churches were built from the stones taken from the old heathen temples and others were constructed from coral. In the years 1 836 to 1839 occurred what is known in Hawaii as the "great religious awakening"; during this period the Hawaiian people changed from a heathen to a Christian nation. The number of persons attending religious worship in some of the churches was as large as six thousand at a service. About twenty thousand persons were received into the churches at this time. During the previous years the annual number of additions was about one thousand. At this period the congregations were often immense, at Ewa numbering four thousand, at Honolulu two congregations of twenty-five hundred each, and at Iahania two thousand. Hilo had a congregation of five thousand, and in 1841 Rev. Titus Coan stated that his church numbered over seven thousand persons. The descendants of the early missionaries have built churches for the Englishspeaking people, including foreigners who have come to the Islands in great numbers. The Central Union Church of Honolulu, a union of the Bethel and Fort Street churches, is the largest. It is finely organized, and dedicated a house of worship in 1893 at a cost of $195,000, free of debt. Dr. Doremus Scudder, D.D., was long the pastor. The Great Stone Church of Honolulu was dedicated in 1841 at a cost of $30,000 dollars. It is one hundred and thirty-seven feet by seventy-two feet. St. Andrew's Cathedral of Honolulu, an Episcopal church, is a splendid structure, with large equipment. SCHOOLS During the first twelve years the schools were under the patronage of the several chiefs of the different Islands, who sent the teachers into the districts which they controlled. The chiefs furnished the schoolhouses, of which there were nine hundred at the close of the first decade, and the learners numbered more than fifty thousand. These were all free schools, and in addition the Government supported a High School at I ahainaluna on the Island M\aui for the special purpose of educating teachers, Rev. Lorrin Andrews being princilal. The course of study covered four years. This school was opened in 1831 by Mr. Andrews and transferred to the Government in 185)7. At Hilo on the Island Hawaii two boarding schools were opened, one for boys, conducted by the Rev. D. B. Lyman, and one for girls, conducted by Mrs. Coan. On the north side of Oahu Island a "manual labor school" was established at 33 PI;NAiOvU MISSON SCS)O OL IN 1 86F, OAIIU ISLAND. Shlowing the early school buildings. Waialua, conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Locke. Another school under the patronage of the Johnsons was opened at Waioli on Kauai Island. "The Royal School for Young Chiefs," opened in 1839, was in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Starr Cooke, natives of Danbury, Connecticut. At least five of the sovereigns were educated here. The Kawaiahas Seminary at Honolulu was conducted by Lydia and Elizabeth Binghanm, daughters of Rev. Hiram Bingham. Miss Ogden, also, opened a seminary at Honolulu, and other private schools were opened at Hilo, Waimea and Koloa. In 1837 it was estimated that not less than fourteen thousand were receiving this higher instruction. The "Kamehameha Schools" for native Hawaiians were endowed by Mrs. C. R. Bishop by an investment worth $500,000. Mrs. Bishop was a granddaughter of Kamemeameha I; she married Mr. C. R. Bishop, the first banker in Honolulu; she inherited from the chiefs large tracts of land and became a person of large wealth. Mrs. Bishop founded and endowed schools for boys and girls. "Punahou School," Honolulu, was organized in 1841. It was founded for the children of missionaries that they might secure educational advantages without returning to the United States. Rev. Daniel Dole was principal; the land was given by Mr. Hiram Bingham. Many of the prominent citizens of the Islands were educated at this institution, now known as Punahou College. Punahou College, the Mid-Pacific Institute, and the University of Hawaii are today the three leading educational centers of the Hawaiian Islands. The College of Agriculture is located at Honolulu. Dr. Armstrong was for thirteen years president of the Board of Education at the Islands. He died in 1860. His son, General Armstrong, the founder of Hlampton Institute, Virginia, was born at the Islands. SEVERAL ROYAL HELPERS T1IE REGEINT QUEEN, KAAHUMANU, was the wife of Kamehameha I. She is said to have had no superior in mental power. After the death of Kamehameha II she became the regent queen, and in fact was associated with that monarch during his brief reign. After her conversion to Christianity she devoted her life to aiding the missionary plreachers and teachers in their great work until her death June 5, 1832, in the 35 KAMEtIAMEIA SCHOOL. Founded by Mrs. Bishop. Mrs. ernice P. Bishop, throuh her magnificent gifts, was the founder of model industrial schools of high standard. fifty-eighth year of her age. Rev. Hiram Bingham was her spiritual teacher and to him and his wife she was a devoted friend. In 1825 she came to Hilo on the Island of Hawaii and, sending for Mr. Samuel Ruggles, who was located there, and who had experienced her imperious deportment before her conversion, she expressed to him her desire to aid in the work of evangelizing the people and establishing schools on the Islands. In 1826( Queen Kaahumanu made a tour of one hundred miles through her native Island Oahu, accompanied by Rev. Hiram Bingham and a company of helpers, addressing large audiences and urging the people to accept the religion of Jesus. Rev. Mr. Bishop accompanied them on one of these tours, when the inhabitants of the districts of Kohala and Hamakua assembled to meet the Regent, the chiefs and missionaries, and an audience of ten thousand persons gathered in the open air for worship, the largest ever assembled for worship on the Islands. In 1832 illness caused the queen to retire to her home in the valley of Inanoa among the mountains, about three miles from the spot where Oahu College was later built. In her last hours the queen gave abundant evidence of her intelligent acceptance of the Christian faith, Rev. and Mrs. Bingham at her request remaining with her to the end. The royal KAPIOLONI was a descendant of Hawaiian kings and resided at Kaawaloa on the Island of Hawaii. Her possessions were on the north shore of Kealakekua Bay and rose into the wooded lands of Mauna Loa. Kaawaloa was sixteen miles south of Kailua (where the missionaries landed in April, 1820). The village was situated on a bed of lava forming a plain over a mile in length. A precipice which was once a cataract of molten lava rose to the north of the village, and the beautiful waters of Kealakekua Bay could be seen to the south. Kapioloni often visited the missionaries in her canoe, and in 1824 erected a house of worship at Kaawaloa. Mr. Thurston preached to a large audience when this church was dedicated. She was the loyal friend and helper of Rev. Mr. Bingham, Rev. Mr. Ely and Mr. Samuel Ruggles, for whom she erected a stone house in the beautiful region two miles back from the shore of Kealakekua Bay when Mr. Ruggles was in failing health. In 1825 she visited the crater Kilauea, while on her way to the new mission at Hilo, going one hundred miles on foot with her followers over the rough bed of lava, and there on the very brink of the molten lake of fire proclaimed: "Jehovah is my king. He kindled these fires. I fear not Pele." She was determined to break the spell of the belief in Pele, the goddess 37 BIw ~zl STAT E F 1w KAMi l tA ME HA I. The Witrrior King, who united the lawaiian Islands tnder one d(lasty Iln ]810. Designetd by Thomas R. (onild of Florence, italy. Stands in front of Court Huse inl Honoluln. ot~tl~.g ttle 11 iL11aoU~ of the volcano, for a superstition that these volcanic fires were controlled by this goddess had long obsessed the native Hawaiians. Rev. C. Forbes, a later missionary preacher at the Islands, said of her, "Kapioloni was the most Christian, the most thoroughly read in the Bible, of all the chiefs this nation ever had." She died in 1841. THE NATIVE HAWAIIAN RULERS KAMEHAMEHA I, the "Warrior King," was originally the chief of the district of Kona on the Island of Hawaii. He was born about 1753 and is said to have been a man of most unusual physical and mental equipment, possessed of great personal magnetism and a judge of human nature; although a man of boundless ambition he was patient, having his strong will under the control of a powerful intellect. He associated with him men of influence and commenced a campaign of conquest, first subduing the chiefs of the various districts of his own native Island Hawaii, then defeating the king of the Island of Maui. The Island of Oahu was next subdued and her army swept over the Nuuanu Valley pali, or precipices (which are about six miles from Honolulu). The king of the Island of Kauai quietly submitted, and the "Warrior King" established one government over the Islands in 1810, known as the "Hawaiian Kamehameha Dynasty," over which he was king until his death in 1819, a few months previous to the arrival of the New England missionaries. The statue of this great king stands before the courthouse in Honolulu, and on June 11, 1919, the centenary of his death was observed by all the patriotic societies of Honolulu. KAMEITAMEIIA II, his son, called Liholiho, succeeded him and reigned five years, and with his favorite wife, Kamamalu, received the New England missionaries on their arrival in April, 1820, at Kailna, the "king's village," which contained about three thousand inhabitants. The king and queen visited England in 1823 and died there in 1825. The introduction of Christianity was the outstanding event in their reign. KAAIIUMANU, the regent queen, occupied the throne from 1823 to 1832. KAMEHIAME1A III, brother of former king, Liholiho, succeeded to the throne. He was called the "good king." His reign was characterized as the "age of progress." He gave Hawaii her Magna Charta; schools were erected and temperance 39 was promulgated. The king died in 1854. Hawaii's existence as a constitutional state dates from 1840. KAMEHAMEIIA IV and his queen Emma, granddaughter of John Young, then occupied the throne. The Anglican Church was introduced during their reign. He died in 18(63, aged twenty-nine years. During his reign the Queen's Hospital was built, largely through his efforts. Dean Arthur P. Stanley of Westminster Abbey, London, England, recorded in his book, "Memorials of Westminster Abbey": "Of all the foreign kings and queens whom I have ever shown over the Abbey, Queen Emnma of Hawaii took by far the most intelligent interest in it, and knew most about all the details. She quite delighted me by her vivid interest in every tomb and detail of the structure." KAMEIIAMEHA V was the brother of Kamehameha IV and with his death in 1872, at the age of forty-nine years, the Kamehameha line ended. IUNALILO, the highest chief in rank, was then appointed his successor and reignedl one year. Hie died in 1874. With his own personal fortune of a quarter of a million dollars he founded a "Home for Aged Hawaiians." DAVID KALAKAUA succeeded in 1874 and died in 1891. His occupancy of the throne was not greatly to the satisfaction of the Hawaiian people or to the missionaries. QUEIEN LILTUOKALANI, sister of King Kalakaua, was the last of the rulers of the Hawaiian Islands; she reigned two years. She was born in 1836 and was a descendant of a long line of native chiefs. She was a woman of intellect, as shown in her grasp of international relationship. She was also a writer of Hawaiian songs, and author of "Hawaii's Story." She died in her seventy-ninth year. Her beautiful gardens in the heart of Honolulu are yearly used for the musical festivals and are the property of the Pan-Pacific Union. The Hawaiian Islands were formally annexed to the United States in 1898, and constituted the Territory of Hawaii in 1900. TIlE JUBILEE In 18i70, after fifty years of missionary activity in the Hawaiian Islands, the American lP oar(l of Commissioners for Foreign Missions withdrew from the Islands. The great undertaking commenced by the Board in April, 1820, had resulted in the evangelization of the H-awaiian race, and the future work was to be carried on by the native churches and their societies, in cooperation with the 40 American missionaries who remained permanently at the Islands, and their descendants born there. The Jubilee was the occasion of great gatherings of people at the church services. There were present the alumni of Oahu College and Lahainaluna Seminary, children from the public schools, King Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma, representatives from foreign powers, both branches of the Hawaiian Legislature, the native soldiers, and Dr. N. G. Clark, foreign secretary of the American Board. A reunion at the residence of Mr. Whitney (editor of the Colmmercial A4dvertiscr) of the American missionaries and their descendants residing at the Islands numbered two hundred or more. Mrs. Thurston and Mrs. Whitney, the surviving members of the first missionary com1palny that sailed in -1819 on the Thaddteis, gave reminiscences in the Great Stone Church, and Rev. Kuaea, the distinguished native pastor, preached the jubilee sermon there in the Hawaiian tongue. Mrs. Holman, who was in reality the last survivor of the first missionary company to Hawaii, was at this time residing in New Milford, Connecticut, and Mr. Samuel Ruggles was living with his son in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin; he died the following year, 1871. INDUSTRIAL AND COI\MMERCIAL HAWAII The missionary pioneers brought not alone the gospel of Christ to Hawaii, but the activities of civilized nations, for they immediately undertook to develop the natural resources of the Islands, both for their own pressing needs and those of the native race they had come to uplift. Rugged mountains and gorges occupied the interior of the Islands, but there were numerous valleys of great fertility and long strips of land by the shores offering every possibility in the way of cultivation. The Hawaiian kings were regarded as the owners of all lands, but Kamehameha III voluntarily relinquished a large part of his possessions, assigning onethird of the land to the Government and one-third to the common people, giving them title to the lands on which they and their forefathers lived. This became an incentive to the native people to cultivate the soil. From an early date the Hawaiian chiefs had carried on trade with China. The sandalwood trade flourished until 1826. The fragrant wood was brought from the mountains at great cost of labor, and sent to China for use in her temples. This brought much wealth to the chiefs. This industry was followed 41 by the whale-oil trade, and whale-oil ships came to the Islands for supplies and wintered there until about 1860. The great commercial wealth of the Islands today comes from her vast sugar-cane plantations, which are the largest in the world, her tropical fruits, especially the pineapple, and her rice and coffee fields. From a commercial standpoint "Sugar is King." The income from this alone is said to be from sixty million dollars a year upward. Some of the largest plantations are: "Ewa Sugar Plantation," near Honolulu. "Hawaiian Conmnercial and Sugar Company," on Maui Island. "The Lahaina Plantation." "Hawaiian Sugar Company," on Kauai Island. "Koloa Sugar Company." "Pioneer Plantation." "Kekalha Plantation," on Kauai Island. "Waiahia Company's Plantation." "Lehue Plantation." It takes some ten months to grow the sugar cane, which keeps ratooning for ten years or more. "The Hawaiian Pineapple Packers' Association" leads the world in the excellence of its pineal))ples. In Honolulu are located the American Factors' Company, sugar factors and merchants, where the affairs of many plantations are attended to, and C. Brewer & Company, sugar factors and agents. POPULATION OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Captain Cook, who discovered the Islands about 1 T78, estimated the native population at 400,000, which is thought to have been an overestimate. In 1832 it was said to be about 130,000. The steady decline in the native stock has been attributed to the great loss of life during the wars of Kamehameha I, to diseases which carried off tens of thousands and to other causes which cannot be given here. Today the Islands have a cosmopolitan population and nearly one-half are Japanese. The Chinese, Portuguese and Koreans are numerous, and in the annual pageants are represented nearly all the Pacific countries. The English language is universally spokenl and is taught in the public and high schools. 42 The population of the Hawaiian Islands in 1910 was 191,909, as follows: Hawaiian.... 26,041 Part Hawaiian... 12,506 Caucasian.... 44,048 Chinese..... 2,67 4 Japanese.... 79,675 Korean...... 4,33 Filipino.... 2,361 Negro.... 695 All other..... 376 Total native.....)8,157 being 51.1 per cent Total foreign-born.. 93,752 being 48.9 per cent (Figures taken from the thirteenth census of the United States, 1910, Vol. 3, Population, p. 1176.) Estimated population June 1, 1918, 223,099. (United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Statistical abstract of the United States, 1918, p. 38.) SOCIETIES IN HAWAII "The Pan-Pacific Union" is an organization representing the governments of Pacific lands working for the advancement of Pacific states and communities, and for a greater cooperation between the people of all races in Pacific lands. As the Hawaiian Islands are the center and meeting place of the Pacific races, she has invited, from time to time, through the Pan-Pacific Union, the leaders in these lands to meet in Hawaii to discuss scientific, educational, commercial and financial questions for the mutual benefit of Pacific countries. The Pan-Pacific exhibition building is in Honolulu. Other societies are: "The Sons and Daughters of Warriors of Hawaii." "The University Club." "The British Club." "The Y. Mr. C. A." "The Daughters of Hawaii." "The Club at Waikiki Beach," of twelve hundred members devoted to the native sport, "surfboard riding." 1. 0 M tf tzi 5. a. "The Outrigger Canoe Club" at Waikiki, Honolulu. "The Art Club of Hawaii." "The Hawaiian Mission Children's Society," founded in 1852, the object being to preserve the bond of union between the children of the missionaries. "The Hawaiian Evangelical Association,"the successor of the Mission, in 1854. SO:ME HAWAIIAN PUBLICATIONS The first newspaper edited at the Islands was The Friend, established about 1831 by the missionaries. It is the oldest newspaper west of the Rockies. Honolulu's morning paper is the Hawaiian Comwercial Advertiser. Honolulu also has the Bulletin and the Hawaiianl Star. The Hilo Triblule and the Daily Post Herald are published in Hilo on Hawaii. The Pan-Pacific Union publishes a magazine. At Wailuku on Maui is published the Waillkut Time1s. At Kohala on Hawaii is published the Midget. HAWAII IN THE WORLD WAR, 1917 During the recent World War the Hawaiian Islands contributed largely of men and means. When the National Guard was called out in Hawaii, men of every Pacific race went to the training camp at Schofield Barracks on the Oahu Railroad. Hawaii went over the top in subscriptions to all the war loans. The Red Cross had an imlmense membership, the leaders being Major A. L. Castle, Miss Beatrice Castle and ex-Gov. George R. Carter. Major Castle was sent to Siberia to organize the Red Cross there. The Boy Scouts for more than two years were busy selling War Stamps and finishing up Liberty Bond drives and acted as a guard of honor on many occasions. The central Y. M. C. A. of Honolulu had five hundred men in khaki, and every business firm in Hawaii had its service flag. There were companies of marines stationed in Honolulu; others passed on their way to Siberia. One of the thrilling war days was the passing of native Fijians through the city. In the National Guard and in the army were thousands of Filipinos. The H-awaiian women were most patriotic, and the Chinese women were eager to participate in the Liberty and Victory parades. The University Club of Hoonolulu turned over its rooms to the Red Cross; the "throne room" in the old palace was also used by them. The Girl Scouts of Honolulu were organized during the war period and commenced their patriotic service. 45 It seems quite probable that the United States Government will, at no distant day, establish a large naval station on the Hawaiian Islands. In April, 1920, Hawaii celebrated the Centennial Anniversary of the landing of the first missionary company from New England by a series of spectacles illustrative of the old and new Hawaii, expressed scenically through pageant, tableaux and float representations. BIOGRAPHICAI SKETCHES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE FIRST MISSIONARY COMPANY AND THEIR IMMEDIATE DESCENDANTS REV. HIRAM BINGHAM Rev. Mr. Binghamn was born October 30, 1789, Bennington, Vermont; graduate of Middlebury College, Vermont, 1816, and Andover Theological Seminary, 1819; ordained September 29, 1819, at Goshen, Connecticut; married Sybil Moseley of Westfield, Massachusetts, October 11, 1819. While a student at Andover he visited the mission school at Cornwall, and was so impressed by the claimls of the heathen nations that he offered himself to the work and sailed with the first company for Hawaii. He and his wife landed on April 19, 1820, at Honolulu and he was identified with the evangelization of the Hawaiian Islands as was almost no other member of the famous 1819 company. In 1845 Mr. Bingham and wife returned to the United States and spent some weeks in Brookfield with Mr. Samuel Ruggles, his former co-worker at the Islands. Miss Lucy Bingham, his daughter, had previously come to the United States in company with Mr. Samuel Ruggles and family. Mrs. Bingham was born in 1792; died 1848 at Easthampton, Massachusetts. Mr. Binghamn died November 11, 1869, at New Haven, Connecticut, and is buried there. Mr. Bingham was one of the founders of Oahu College. The seven children of Hiram and Sybil Bingham were: 1. Sophia Moseley Bingham.. 1,evi 'arsons,ingham. 3. Jeremiah Everts Bingham. 4. Lucy Whiting Bingham, who married Mr. Reynolds; her son, C. B. Reynolds, resided in New York City in 1909. 5. Elizabeth K. Bingham, student at Mount Holyoke in 1851; was a teacher, and died at Honolulu in 189)9. 46 6. Rev. Hiranm Bingham, 2d, D.D., was born in Honolulu August 16, 1831; (lied at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, October 25, 1908. He was graduated from Yale College in 1853; from Andover Semilnary in 1856. Married Minerva C. Brewster of Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1856. She died in 19!04. They sailed on the first Morning Star for the Gilbert Islands December 2, 1856. These Islands are about 2,50() miles southwest of Hawaii. The work of Dr. Bingham for these Islands was almost without a parallel. He made a language, collecting his own vocabulary and constructing his own grammar. He translated the entire Scriptures into the Gilbertese vernacular and revised the same, completing the work in -1893. He also compiled a dictionary, on which he spent ten years. After remaining seventeen years on the Gilbert Islands, he removed to Honolulu for his health and there continued his work. -Te was also the Hawaiian Government Protector of the South Sea immigrants. In 1.909 the class of 1853, Yale College, dledicated a tablet in Memorial Hall to Dr. Bilngham and Dr. Charles Harding (the latter a missionary to In(lia). In the presentation address lton. Andrew I). White said: "\Ve wish to leave with our Alma AMater the names which she must not willingly let die, who have given to the world something better than material success, in malking savage races into twenltieth-celltury men of labor and business. They have set up nolle ideals. Their names therefore we deliver to our Alma Mater for the inspiration of successive generations of students in Yale University cluring all the conling centuries." The son of HIiram and Minerva Brewster Blingham is (1) Professor Hiram Ilinghanm, 3d, of New -laven, Connecticut, who was born in Honolulu, and married a daughter of Alfred Mitchell of New Lon(lon, Connecticut. Professor Bingham is a Yale graduate and has been connected with the faculties of Harvard, Plrinceton and Yale. IHe has several times headed scientific expeditions sent out by the National Geographic Society and( Yale University to i'eru, South America. Among his discoveries was the lost city of the Incas, Machu IPicchu, built by the Incas probably two thousand years ago, which was uncovered by the expedition of which Professor Bingham was the (lirector in I!)91. Professor Blingham was elected lieutenant governor of Connecticut in 19!?2. 47' TIIE OLD MISSION HOME ON KING STREET, HONOLULU. This house, the oldest building in iHonolult, has been the birthplace of many good and great persons. 'The building was brought fron Boston January 10, 1821, and set ip. It was the first franie building in the Ilawaiian Islands. 7. Lydia Bingham was the youngest child of the first Rev. Hiram and Sybil Moseley Bingham. She was born in Honolulu December 25, 1834, and died August 31, i1915, in Honolulu. She was educated in the United States and was at one time principal of Ohio Female College, Cincinnati; returned to Hawaii in 1867 and was principal of Kawaiahao Seminary six years. She married, in 18173, Rev. Titus Coan, D.D., being his second wife. They resided at Hilo, where he had labored more than forty years and where he died in 1882. She was the last of the family of Rev. Hiram Bingham the first, and in 1908 wrote Miss Hawley these touching words: "The others are all on the other side, a l)art of the angelic and saintly hosts about the throne of the King, whom they have seen in His beauty, and I long to join them." Lydia Bingham came to the United States with the family of Mr. Samuel Ruggles, and spent some time in Brookfield attending school there. REV. ASA TIURSTON Mr. Thurston was born October 12, 1 787, Fitchburg, Massachusetts; graduated from Yale College, 1816; Andover Seminary, 1819; ordained September 29), 1819, Goshen, Connecticut, with his classmate, Rev. Hliram,ingham; married on October 12, 1819, Lucy Goodale of Marlboro, Massachusetts. She was born October 29, 1795. They embarked for the Hawaiian Islands on the brig Thaddeus October 23, 1819. They were stationed at Kailua and Honolulu and returned to Kailua, where he preached forty years. lie (lied at Hlonolulu in 1 868, aged eighty years. Mrs. Thurston (lied in 1 876 after fifty-six years of service as a missionary. Mr. Thurston was a man of great physical and mental strength and gave fortyeight years to the work of the ministry at the Islands. He prepared the Hawaiian Deuteronomy and the whole of Samuel and Second Kings. His knowledge of the language and character of the Hawaiian people was unsurpassed. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston returned to the United States twice on a visit, doubled Cape Horn five times and traveled more than ninety thousand miles by sea. The children of Rev. and Mrs. Thurston were: 1. Persis G. Thurston, born in 182-1, and married Rev. T. E. Taylor. Their children were: (1) Lucy Taylor-Winne. 49 ago brougllt the gospel of Christ to the Ilawaiianl Islands. (2) Mary Taylor-Kluegel. (3) George I. Taylor. (4) Henry T. Taylor. (5) James T. Taylor. (6) Edward S. Taylor. 2. Lucy G. Thurston, born in 1823 and died in 1841. 3. Asa G. Thurston, born in 1827, and married Sarah Andrews. Their children were: (1) Robert T. Thurston, born 1854, died 1874. (2) Helen G. Thurston, born 1860(, married C. I-. Alexander. Their children were: i. Charles F. Alexander. ii. Helen A. Alexander. (3) Hon. Lorrin A. Thurston, born in 18;58, is a lawyer in Honolulu. He has been identified with every movement for the advancement of the Islands and was active in carrying out the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. His children were: i. Robert S. Thurston. ii. Margaret C. Thurston. iii. Lorrin P. Thurston. 4. Mary I-. Thurston, born in 1831, married first, E. A. Heydon. Married second, Marcus Benfield. Her children by her first marriage were: (1) Edwin Heydon. (2) Asa Heydon. (3) M1ary Heydon. Her children by her second marriage were: (1) Lily Benfield. (2) 'Eric Benfield. (3) Clara Benfield. (4) Ida Benfield. 5. Thomas G. Thurston, born in I1836. His children were: (1) Alice Thurston, born in 18867, died in 1884. (2) Lucy V. Thurston, born in 1880, married C. E. McNeely. (3) Asa Thurston, born in 1883. 51 KAWAI, A5)O C iuRCH, HIONOLULU. )edicated in 1342. Dimensions are 137 feet by 72 feet, REV. SAMUEL WHITNEY Mr. Whitney was born April 28, 1 793, Branford, Connecticut; sophomore at Yale University when he married Mercy Partridge of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, on October 14, 1819, and on October 23, 1819, embarked on the brig Thaddcus for the Hawaiian Islands. He had a narrow escape from drowning during the voyage. He was stationed at Waimea on the Island Kauai, and in 1825 was ordained at Kailua. Mr. Whitney died in 1845 at Lahainaluna, where he went hoping to regain health. His son, Henry M. Whitney, was editor of the Coumnlmcrcial Adczrtiser. Mrs. Whitney visited the United States in 1860. She lived at the Islands fifty-two years and died at Waimea on Kauai December 26, 1872. Mrs. Whitney and Mrs. Thurston were present at the Jubilee in 1870 and were the only survivors of the first missionary band living at the Islands at that date. The children of Rev. and Mrs. Whitney were: 1. Maria K. Whitney, born in 1820 at Waimea on Kauai, married Rev. John Fawcett Pogue. Their children were: (1) Samuel W. Pogue, (lied 1!903. (2) Jane K. Pogue, born 1850. (3) Emily E. Pogue, born 1852, (lied 1910. (4) William F. Pogue, born 1 856. 2. Samuel Wr. Whitney, born -1822 at Waimea. IMarried first, Miss Kent. Married second, Miss Hitch. 3. Henry M. Whitney, born in 1821: at Waimea?, married Catherine March. Their children were: (1) Harvey E. Whitney, born in 1850, died in 1883. (2) Helen B. Whitney, born in 1852, married I,. C. Kelley. (3) Henry M. Whitney, born in 185;. (4) James N. Whitney, born in 1858. (5) Emma M. Whitney, born in 1863, married W. W. Goodale. (6) Albert J. Whitney, born in 1865, died in 18(;69. (7) Fred D. Whitney, born in 1867', died in 189'. 4. Emilie Elizabeth, born in 1827, married Salmon McCall. Their children were: (1) Caroline E. MIcCall, born in 1855. (2) Henrietta W. McCall, born in 1868, died in 1882. 53 I o _I I ii CONcGREGATIONAL\ M OETtINI HoUF, BIoIi IOKP CELD N rIT CE IONN. Mr. Salillel Rtlggles and Mrs, folmian xl ere mlembers (of this Society in 189. They Were liembers of the first l issionary band itl 1820. SAMIUEL RU((iIoFLES, PIONEER TEACHER AT HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, AND MRS. NANCY RU(;(;LTS Mr. Sanmuel Ruggles, the missionary, was born in Brookfield, Connecticut, March 9, 1l 95, the youngest of nine children. His home was the old homestead of his grandfather, Capt. Joseph Ruggles, situated on the hill east of the village of Brookfield. His father's death, when Samuel was but a child, made it necessary that his brother, Isaac N;. Ruggles, should care for him during his early life. Samuel Ruggles entered Yale College, but owing to ill health did not complete his course of study. He, however, entered the employ of the American Board as their agent in soliciting funds from the Nexw England churches for the support of the foreign mission work, and for the mission school at Cornwall, Connecticut. When the American Board decided to undlertake the carrying of the gospel to the Hawaiian Islands, Mr. Ruggles offered himself to the wo-rk. He had recently married Miss Nancy Wells of East Windlilsor, Connecticut, who was born April 1 S, 1791, and the young couple entered with spirit into the great undertaking. Mr. Ruggles also l)ersuadled his sister, Lucia Ruggles, then a teacher, to join the band. She and her husband, Dr. H-olman, sailed with the company (ctober 2,:, 181!9. Mr. Ruggles was assigned to a station at W\aillea on Kauai Island. Ile later was a pioneer missionary teacher at H-ilo on the Island Hawaii in 1821. lie was at Kaawaloa in 18g2S. The royal Kaplioloni erected a stone house for Mr. Ruggles two miles above the beautiful 1Kealakekuta Bay when he was in declining health, and erected a church there. Mr. Ruggles was at Wsaimea on lawaii in 1831. His labors as teacher and translator were great. t-e remaine(l at his post fourteen years, and retired from the work in 18:31. WVith him were his wife, four children, all born on the Islands, and a daughter of l)r. H-iram Binghlam.. They sailed on the ship Tloeraph and reached Sag ltarbor, I.ong Island, June 19, 18:34. Free passage and the kindest treatnlent were extendled to the returning missionaries by the captain of this vessel. Mr. Ruggles and famlily resided il his native town, Brookfield, Connecticut, for some years, but later resided with a (laughter at Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, where he died in September, 1Sl 1, being seventy-six years of age. Mrs. Ruggles died there February 2(, Is 8;, a, ged eighty-two years. MIr. Ruggles united with the Congregational Church in lBrookfield, May 19!, 1816, froll which he was dismissed by letter in September, 181!9, at the time of his (lep)arture for the Islands. 55 Samuel Ruggles came of excellent New England ancestry. His great-grandfather, Rev. Benjamin Ruggles, was born at Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1676; graduated from Harvard College in 1693; came to Suffield, Connecticut, in 1695 to preach, and was ordained the first minister of that town in 1698, remaining such until his death in 1707. Samuel Ruggles' grandfather was the son of this minister, and one of the first settlers of Brookfield, Connecticut. Born in 1.701 at Suffield, Connecticut, he died in 1791 at Brookfield. His name was Capt. Joseph Ruggles. Ior forty years he was a deacon of the Brookfield Congregational Church, and active in the affairs of the town. Samuel Ruggles' father was the youngest son of Capt. Joseph Ruggles, and was known as Sanmuel Ruggles, Senior. He was born in 1751 at Brookfield, Connecticut, and died there in 1795'. He served in the Revolutionary War, as did three of his brothers. The missionary's mother was Miss Huldah Waklee, who died in 1807. The children of Mr. Samuel Ruggles, the missionary, were: 1. Sarah Ruggles born at Hawaii; married Mr. Garry Peck of Birmingham on October 4, 1847'. 2. Huldah Ruggles, born at Hawaiian Islands; married Mr. Peter Stevens of Montrose, Pennsylvania, on December 31, 1851; later resided at Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. 3. Dr. Samuel Ruggles, born at Hawaii; was a druggist in Honolulu in 1854. Moved to East Maui and lived with M. M. Gower. In 1.858 Dr. Ruggles went to England with the British Consul as a companion, and resumed his medical studies in Paris and Edinburgh; was appointed a surgeon in United States Army, but soon (lied in a United States hospital during the Civil War. 4. Cornelius Ruggles; (lied in Milwaukee. The members of my grandfather's family were intimately acquainted with the Ruggles family and in 1899 my aunt, Mrs. Amos P. Hawley of Brooklyn, visited the Hawaiian Islands, being the guest of the Atherton, Cooke and Castle families, descendants of early missionaries. 1)DR. TOI()TAS IN.OLMAN AND WI:FE, LUCIA RU(;,,LES HOLMAN Mrs. -lolilan was born in Brookfield. Connecticut, on October 12?, 1793. She was the sister of Samuel Ruggles, the missionary. She received her education at the conmmon school in her native town and at the Young Ladies' Seminary at 56 New Haven. Her desire was to become a teacher, and her ambition was realized. She established a school for young ladies at Cooperstown, New York. It was at that place she met Dr. Thomas Holman, who had recently commenced the practice of medicine, and they were married September (2, 1819. Her brother, Samuel Ruggles, persuaded them to join the missionary company about to start for the Hawaiian Islands. Before sailing they sat for their portraits, which were painted on one canvas by Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse, who at that time had a studio in Boston, for Mlorse was an artist before he was the inventor of the telegraph. Mrs. Holman's letters to her brothers and sisters, written on shipboard during the long journey, are most interesting, as she was a keen observer of all natural phenomena. Dr. Thomas Holman, born in 1 781, was a graduate of the medical school located at Cherry Valley, New York. He was a young man of attractive personality and, as the physician of the first missionary company to H-awaii, became a great favorite with Kameha Ieha II, who, it is said, would like to have adopted him as his son. Circumstances made it necessary that Dr. Holman and famiily should return to the United States after a brief time, and free passage was given them to the United States by way of China and the Cape of Good Hope in 1822. Dr. 1olmnan and family, resided until his death in 1 82l, at Bridgeport, Connecticut. After the death of Dr. Holman, Mrs. H-olman returned to her native town, Brookfield, and became the wife of EIsquire Daniel Tomlinson, a man of prominence and at one time state senator. Their home was the house now occupied by Mr. C. E. Vroman of Brookfield Iron Works. Here in 1863 Mr. Tomlinson (lied at the age of eighty-seven years. Mrs. Lucia Holman Tomlinson afterward removed to New Milford, Connecticut, to reside with her only daughter, Mrs. Hiram Noble. She retained to extreme old age her active mind and faculties, though blind in her last years. Mrs. Lucia Holman Tomlinson died in New Milford, Connecticut, in 1886, being ninety-three years of age, and was buried on beautiful Laurel Hill, Brookfield. She was the last survivor of the first missionary company to the Hawaiian Islands and the first American woman to sail around the world. Her sisters were Mrs. Thirza Clinton, Mrs. Huldah Keeler, Mrs. Lodemia Northrup and Mrs. Marcia Williams. The three children of Dr. Thomas Holman were: 57 1. Lucia Kamaliil o Iatuiilan, lom -l0 the Island of Katiai. She was nalled in 1ho0or of the queen. In 183:9 she sbecame the wife of -firanm ). Nooble of New Miliford, Connecticut. She was a woma of fine presence. Her only daughter, Hierietta M. Noble, married Willia G. Brown o f New 1\ilford. Shle has three children: (1) Mr Arthtur Noble Brown. (2) Miss GM CB rovnl (3) Mrs. Elizabtethi IT. Brownl-Iassett. These per sois are the custodians of mlliny valuable heirloom 0 s whichi flave Coime te thel1 i froIi their great-grandmotther, Lticia Ruggles Iol-1 manl, among them ithe feather cape preseilted t Mrs. Holman by the regent queen l Kaahzmtnianni ade fm e Irol tilhe feahes of the bi,l Mohonobilis. 2. lTholmls Spencer i olmana., married Mary J.' t'Frolwbridlge of New York City. 'iTheir children were: (1) Tho mas T;. olmnan, of Chicago, IllinOis. (2) ASti in. t 01oltman, of Victor, Col0orado (3) Hiiram Noble 1 tolaan, deceased 1 iinfancy. (4) Spencer T. 1HIotIman, of MIinneapolis. He is the only onle having children. 3. 15l1i -l0olman, died at Hlonoltlu when a young man. rON TIlE St'aiMIT OF LAUREL I lIL. 58 w I BIAC~~~~.:1~oXll 2_l) 1|, ITEMS FROM IIRS. HOLMXAN S JOURNAL WHEN ON TlE B1RI(; TliaddcliS EN ROUTE FOR THAWAII AND SOME ACCOUNT OF THEIR RECEPTION AT THEI ISLANDS It was written over one hundred years ago. The penmanship is still good, though so fine as to be a little difficult to read. The paper on which it is written is ordinary "sermon paper" andl the leaves are sewed together. The cover is native Hawaiian paper or cloth. From it I quote the following. She wrote under date of January )0, 1(820, when near Cape -Horn: "To-day [ISunday] there was preaching in the cabin by iMr. Iilghaim from the text, 'Hitherto the Lord hath helped us.' " On February 1 she recorded the fact that "they were within eight clays' sail of the region of perpetual ice, and they suffered much froml cold, no fire being allowed in the cabin, as the magazine is under us and there woulld be danger." Flelbruary (i found the vessel off the Straits of Magellan and she described a terrific storm which hourly threatened them with destruction, and added, "I never so much realized the weakness of man and the power of the Almighty." Later in the month the Thaddcits was opposite the Island of Tahiti, and she wrote, "We should like to call and see our brother and sister missionaries here." The reader may remelmber that later native Tahitian chiefs who had been converted to Christianity camne to f-awaii and testified to the great value of Christianity. A mission had been opened at Tahiti (one of the Society Islands) some twenty-three years before. Mr. \\;illiam Ellis, at this pleriod a successful Imissionary at Tahiti, assisted the early missionaries at the HIawxaiian Islands in forming a written language for the Hawaiialls; he also composed many hymns which became of great value, and in numerous ways strengthened the work. A few weeks later, having comle into the warmer waters of the Pacific, this exciting incident is recordled: "The missionary brethren went into the water today for a swim about our vessel and barely escaped the jaws of a bluc shark whlich alpeared under the bow of the boat. The huge, man-eating fish, which measured ten feet, was kille(d by the crew, and in its stomach was found a sea )porcupine, which was a great curiosity to the sailors on the brig." On March 30 Mrs. 1Iolman recor(ds: "We saw the snow-tol)l)ed Ilountain MIautna Loa about two o'clock this morning. You may well supl)lose that after a voyage of one hundred and sixty days we were not a little glad," and she adds, "the joy of the Hawaiian boys who sailed with us was great at sight of native land." She described the Islands as beautiful, resembling a cultivated garden, with huts anl1d plantations of sugar 59! TlE IloME OriLF M RS. LUCI RJ(uGI S t(OLM AN, Piolleer ilissionary (widow of J)r. Thomas H kolman), after she becane the wife of Mr. Daniel Tomlinson, Brookfield, Connecticlt. Now the hiole of Mr. C E, Vroiain. cane and taro. "On the same day a boat was sent off to the shore to make discoveries and I hope they will return 'bearing an olive branch,' " she wrote. "At four o'clock the boat returned from the shore and this remarkable news was given the missionaries: 'King Kamehameha I has died and the worship of idols is overthrown.' " On Saturday she records that her brother, Samuel Ruggles, and other men went ashore and had an interview with the five queens, wives of the former king. They were kindly received. The head chief, Kalaimoku, sent them presents of cocoanuts, bananas, breadfruit, sweet potatoes and two hogs. The Sabbath following at eleven o'clock, a double canoe, covered with an awning, reached the vessel Thaddclus, bringing a part of the royal family with their attendants, and the head queen, Kanmamalu. Mrs. Holman describes the dress of the queen and the attendants, the former having many yards of bright silk wound about her body; the neck, shoulders and arms were bare. The royal company remained until Thursday evening, examining everything on the ship. Mrs. Holman wrote that the Hawaiians eat from eight to ten times in twenty-four hours, their food being brought to them in a calabash, "all eating from one dish." The royal company sometimes dined with the missionaries, in the cabin, but "became very weary sitting on the chairs, as they are accustomed to sit on mlats on the floor." Mrs. Iolman wrote on April 3': "I am so weary with the sights and sounds of the natives who swarm about our vessel, that at times I could almost wish myself as far from them as you are." Mr. Hiram Biingham and Mr. Thurston visited the young king and chiefs in relation to landing and establishing a mission. Mrs. Holman wrote that the king was anxious that the missionaries remain at his village, Kailua; the objection was the scarcity of water and wood. The village was built upon the ruins of a former volcano, and in sight of MIatuna Loa, which, she added, "has been burning for forty years." Wherever there is a spot of soil, the tobacco pllant is cultivated, she records of this village, and children and adults smoke, one pipe answering sometimes for an entire family, it being han(ded around. On lUriday the lady missionaries with their husbands visited the king on shore. They were well received, and served as follows: "A large mahogany table with a scarlet traycloth was brought out, a tray containing china dishes was set on the table. A pound of tea, in which sugar cane had been boiled, was brought in two great china bowls; this was ladled out with tea cups by one of the queens, and 61 TiE HIARRIt A. RUt{ LIES HOMESTEAD REIMODELED. hbe ioyood Etioie Of Mr. Sa>imel Rugg es, piLoeer Dmissionary, Was south of this residence and )on the oi)lpcosite side of the higlhway, B1rookfijeld, Conn e cticut. \Whe Samluel 1 t igg les al n faily triettnred f rOll the IHcawvaiian Islanlds il 18l35 they lived for sOfil years ini the house 1now occupi ed Iy the Gavigan family. handed to us with a silver tablespoon to sup it with. This together with sea bread and poi furnished our refreshments." After this she continued, "We walked out to see the Island, accompanied by a crowd of natives; on our walk we passed upwards of sixty thatched houses, and from each I concluded we received an addition of eight or tel to our train." The missionary party visited the ruins of the great Temple of the Gods, and, near by, the tomb of the recently deceased King Kamehameha I. Of this king, Mrs. Holman wrote: "He was a friend to all white folks who treated him well, but he governed the people with absolute sway; he was, however, beloved, and the more rigid his laws, the more they seemed to respect him." Previous to his death this king expressed his doubts respecting the power of the gods to save life, as he was convinced that he must soon (lie, notwithstanding that thousands of prayers had been offered that his life might be saved. He expressed a strong desire to become acquainted with the Christian's God, of whom he had heard so much. "Poor soul," added Mrs. I-olman, "he had no one to lead him to the true God." The return of the missionaries to their ship, the Thaddcils, seemed like going home again, she wrote. The king decided that Dr. and Mrs. Holman and Mr. and Mrs. Thurston should remain at his village, Kailua, on the Island of Hawaii, and the others should go to the Island of (ahu. The Ilolmans were disappointed. Mrs. Holman wrote: "We llea(ledl earnestly that we miight also go to Oahu, for how could a family live upon a rock of lava, without wood or water, with six months' washing on hand. The king refused, and said, 'Every one likes Oahu better than Hawaii, and if you go there you will not return.' He was also anxious to have Dr. Holman remain with him." O() A)pril 12, Mrs. Holman wrote: "\Ve, with our belongings, were today set on the shores of the heathen, our friends sailing the sane evening for C)ahu. The separation was trying. The king has given us a house and a guard, and his steward brought us our breakfast, consisting of fish and sweet potatoes served on a pewter platter." She then described the construction of a native house, the frame being covered with grass, bamboo, cocoanut leaves, etc., the dlwellilg usually having no windows, an(d but one door. The floors are covered with mats, soetilmes twenty or thirty in number. The entire structure, she sail, resembles a haystack. The queens were surplrised to see Mrs. Holman busy herself arranging her belongings. They said that they never worked and (lid not wish her to. Mrs. 63 Holman was presented with two elegant mahogany highpost bedsteads with cane bottoms, the gift of one of the queens. "These beds," wrote Mrs. Holman, "were most acceptable. Their surroundings only seemed incongruous." A few weeks after their arrival the Holmans were visited by two captains from English whaling vessels which had put in at this island for water and provisions. From them Dr. Holman received many valuable gifts. In June the Holman family removed from their first house into one just vacated by the king, who had constructed new houses for himself. Mrs. Holman wrote: "The king and chiefs visit us daily to be taught. The king forbids our teaching any but the blood royal, but the natives, by whom our house is constantly surrounded, pick up the alphabet." In July, 1820, the family of Dr. Holman was allowed to transfer residence to the Island of Maui, which was halfway between Hawaii and Oahu, the stipulation being that the doctor should come to Hawaii to attend the king and the high chief, Kalaimoku, when they were sick. The Holman dwelling was in the village of Lahaina; they had lived there but a few weeks when the St. Martins arrived from Oahu with a letter "requesting Dr. Holman to go to that island immediately to attend Captain Dean, an American merchantman, who has just arrived from Manilla very ill." The Holnmans therefore departed for Oahu, where they met their friends from wholl they had been so long separated. "This island," wrote Mrs. Holman, "is much the pleasanter to live on, and the natural beauty is wonderful. I should be glad to settle down and remain somewhere," she wrote, "but as there is but one physician among so many missionaries it will take Dr. Holman the greater part of his time to visit among them, they are so scattered, and it is thought best that I accompany him on his excursions. Were it on land I should not mind, but oh! the horrors of traveling by sea!" In Oahu the Holmans boarded for a time with Messrs. Bingham, Chambers and Loomis; but these missionaries removing into new houses provided by the Government, the Holmans boarded with Captain Dean, who was his patient. Mrs. 1 —olman records her views respecting the advisability of women entering the foreign mlission work, which was at this time regarded as on trial, by writing thus: "I aml convinced that females may be eminently useful in a foreign mission, that their influence and example are everything to a missionary establishment. Yet, when it can be made possible for man to go before and prepare the way, I think it would not be inconsistent to do so." 64 ELISIIA LOOMIS, PRINTER born at Middlesex, New York, December, 1799; married Maria T. Sartwell of Utica, New York; embarked on the brig Thadd(uls October 23, 1819, for the Hawaiian Islands. He was stationed at Honolulu on the Island Oahu. He began to print in 1822 and returned to the United States in 1827. His death occurred in 1837. DANIEL CHAMBERLAIN, FARMER a native of Brookfield. Massachusetts, with his wife and five children, embarked October 23, 1819, on the brig Thaddcus for the Hawaiian Islands, but inasluch as the efforts of the missionary band were directed toward the acquiring of the Hawaiian language during the first years at the Islands, Mr. Chamberlain returned to the United States in 182'3, there being no particular demand for his services at that time. TIIOMAS Horu a native of Hawaii, who came to the United States and received a Christian education at the foreign mission school at Cornwall, Connecticut, from 1817 to 1819, embarked October 23, 1819, on the brig Thaddcus for the Hawaiian Islands. He became a native helper in the first mission to the Islands. He married a Hawaiian maiden who received Christian instruction in the family of Rev. Asa Thurston and was named Delia. WILLIAM TENUI AND JOHN HONURI were native Hawaiian youths who came to the United States and received instruction in the doctrines and duties of Christianity at the foreign mission school at Cornwall, Connecticut. They both embarked on the brig Thaddcus for the Islands on October 23, 1819', and became native helpers to the first missionary band. MR. AMOS STARR COOKE OF DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, SAILED IN 1836 Amos Starr Cooke was born in Danbury, 1810, and died in Honolulu March 20, 1871. H-e was a son of Deacon Joseph Platt Cooke, Jr., and a grandson of Col. Joseph Platt Cooke, who commanded the military forces at Danbury, Connecticut, when that town was attacked by General Tryon in 1777. The family resided on North Main Street, Danbury, near the home of Edgar S. Tweedy. 65 ST. T:HOA-S CATHIEDRAL. This cathedral and the group of buildigs around it minister to many nationalities. Six hundred ptpils dalIy attend service in the cathedral Amos Starr Cooke married Juliette Montague of Sunderland, Massachusetts, on November 24, 1836, and they sailed for Hawaii soon after to join the missionary forces sent out by the American Board. Mr. and Mrs. Cooke took charge of a school for the young Hawaiian chiefs at Honolulu for some years, and several of the kings were educated there. Mr. Cooke later on became the Superintendent of Secular Affairs, and he and his family have contributed largely to the religious and material prosperity of the Hawaiian Islands from 1837 to the present day. Mr. Cooke was associated with Mr. Samuel Northrup Castle in the secular affairs of the mission. His son, the late Mr. Charles M. Cooke of Honolulu, was the president of the Bank of Hawaii, and on the Good Friday before his death distributed a quarter of a million dollars among the churches and charities of Honolulu. Mr. Clarence H. Cooke succeeded his father and is at the present time president of the Bank of Hawaii. Several of the beautiful cuts in this book were made from photographs presented to Miss Hawley by Mr. Clarence 11. Cooke of Honolulu. The children of Amos Starr Cooke the missionary were: 1. Joseph Platt Cooke. 2. Martha E'liza Cooke. 3. Juliette Montague Cooke. 4. Mary Annis Cooke. 5. Charles Montague Cooke, whose son is Clarence IT. Cooke, president of the lBank of Hawaii, Honolulu, T. H. (;. Amos F. Cooke.,. Clarence Warner Cooke. A LIST ()1 T1HE 1r78 MISSIONARIEIS WHO- WIENT TO T-HEl IAWAIIA N ISILANDS, WITH DATE1 (O) SAILING AND STATIONS TO WH ICHI ASSIGNI1 E Miss Hawley compiled the list from the slplen(lidl records preserved 1)y Dr. Rufus Anderson and Rev. James Alexander. PION ER CO M PA N Y Emnbarked on the brig Thaddclis, ()ctober 2:, 819), fronm Boston, Massachusetts: ling:haml, Rev. Hiram. (G? INTHERIOR li ST. THIOUMAS CATHIEDRAL. Bingham, Mrs. (Sybil Moseley). Thurston, Rev. Asa. Thurston, Mrs. (Lucy Goodale). Whitney, Rev. Samuel. Whitney, Mrs. (Mercy Partridge). Holman, Thomas, M.D. Holman, Mrs. (Lucia Ruggles), native of IBrookfield, Connecticut. Ruggles, Samuel, a teacher, native of IBrookfield, Connecticut. Ruggles, Mrs. (Nancy WVells). Loomis, Elisha, printer. Loomis, Mrs. (Maria T. Sartwell). Chamberlain, Daniel, a farmer. Chamberlain, Mrs. Embarked on the brig Thalmecs, November 1!9, 1822, at New Haven, Connecticut: Bishop, Rev. Artemas, born -1!)9, Poli)pe, N. Y.; stationed Kailua; 1wa and Honolulu on Oahu. Blishop, Mrs. (EIilizabeth E(dwards), born 1 93(), Mlarlboro, Mass.; embl)arked as above; die(l relbruary, l S2S, Kailua. Bishop, Mrs. (Delia Stone), born 18(00, 1:loomfield, N. J.; emblarked on ship Parthiaan, 1 82; marrie(l D)ecemlber, 182S. Richards, Rev. William, born -1 793, Ilainfield, MIass.; stationed Lahaina on Ml\aui; amlbassador to EIngland, -1812; died -1onolulu, IS T. Richards, iMrs. (Clarissa Iyman), born 1) 91, Northalmpton, Mlass.; enl)arked with husband;l died New Haven, C1onn. Stewart, Rev. Chas. S., born 1.7'!, Flemington, N. J.; stationed Lahaina; released 18310. Stewart, Mrs. (Harriet 11. Tiffany). b)orn 1T!98, Stanllford, Conln.; embarked with husband; d(ied in United States. Ely, Rev. James, born 19!8, Iynle, Conn.; studied in Cornwall Mission School; stationed Wailea on 1Kauai; Kaawalua on lHawaii; andl tonolulu; returned to United States, 182S8. Ely, Mrs. (Louisa EIverest), Iorn 1!)92, Cornwall, Conn.; embarked with husband. 69 Goodrich, Rev. Joseph, of Wethersfield, Conn.; stationed Hilo with Mr. Ruggles from 1824 to -1836; returned to United States, 1836; died in United States, 1852. Goodrich, Mrs. Blatchley, Abraham, M.D., born Elast Guilford, Conn.; stationed Kailua and Honolulu; died in United States, 18860. Blatchley, Mrs. (Jenmimla Marvin), born 1791, Lyme, Conn. Chamberlain, Ievi, born 17!92, Dover, Vt.; twenty-six years Superintendent of Secular Affairs for the Islands and rendered great service; died Honolulu, 18849; left seven children. EI]mbarked on the P'arthian, November 3, 1827, at Boston; arrived March, 1828: Chamberlain, Mrs. (Maria Patten), born 1803, Salisbury, Pa.; a teacher; married at the Islands in 1828. Andrews, Rev. Lorrin, born 1 795, East Windsor, Conn.; stationed Lahaina on MATaui; first principal of High School at Lahainaluna, ten years; judge at Honolulu under Hawaiian Government from 1845-1855; author of Hawaiian grammar and dictionary; died -1868, Honolulu. Andrews, Mrs. (Mary Wilson). Clark, Rev. Ilphraim Weston, born 17'!99, Haverhill, N. H.; stationed Honolulu; fronm 1835 to 18-12 teacher Lahainaluna High School; pastor First Church, Honolulu; secretary of IHawaiian Missionary Society; missionary to Mlicronesia; superintended the electrotyping of Hawaiian Scriptures. Clark, Mrs. (Mary Kittrelge), born 1803, MIont Vernon, N. H.; died 1857, HTonolulu. Clark, Mrs. (lirs. Sarah Richards-Hall), born Norwich, Vt.; married Rev. Clark in 1859. Green, Rev. Jonathan Smnlith, born 1796(, Lebanon, Conn.; stationed Hilo, 18l31 to 1832; Wailulu 1832 to 18 12; Mlakawao on East Maui. Green, MIrs. (Theodosia Arnold), born 1792, East Hladdamn, Conn.; embarked with husband. Gulick, Rev. Peter Johnson, born 1(96, F:reehold, N. J.; stationed 1828 to 1835 Wainmea on hKautai; Koloa until 1843-; Molokai until 181I 7; Waimea on ()ahu until 1857; H onolulu. (Gulick, Mrs. (Fanny Hinckley Thomas), born l1I', ILebanon, Conn. Their sons were: Orramel H. Gulick of Jalan, Luther H1. Gulick of Micronesia and Hawaii, John T. Gulickl of China and Thomas Gulick. Judd, Gerrit Parmell, M.D., born 1803, Paris, N. Y.; stationedl ionolulu; rendered eminent service to the Government as Minister of Finance. Judd, Mrs. (Laura Fish), born Plainfield, N. Y., resided also in Clinton, N. Y.; married 18S27. The grandson of l)r. and Ml rs. Judd is ex-Governor Carter of Honolulu (192)0). Shepard, Stephen, printer, born 18(, Kingsboro, N. Y.; stationedl Honolulu; died 1834, aged thirty-four years. Shepard, Mr-s. (Margaret C. Stow), born lS()1, Jefferson County, N. Y.; (ied in United States. Ogden, Maria C., bornl 1!92, Philadelphia, Pa.; teacher on lKauai Island; Lahaina; Wailuku Seminary twenty years; I-lonolulu. Stone, Delia, born 18X(); a teacher; married Mr. Biishop in 1828. Embarked I)ecember 28, 1:3), on ship NcirbT liigladl froml New I1edlford, Mlass.; arrived June, l1831: Baldwin, Rev. I)wight, M.D)., born i1798, Durhamn, Conn.; stationed Waimlea on Hawaii 1 S31 to 183(i; Lahaina. BIaldwin, Mrs. (Charlotte 1Fowler), born 1S805, Northfield, Con(n. I)ibble, Rev. Sheldon, born 1S(0!), Sklaneateles, N. Y.; statione(l I lilo; selilnary at Lahainaluna; lied ther-e, 181: 5. D)ibble, Mrs. (Maria lomlinson), born 180()S; (lied 1S3, 1.aliainaluna. Dibble, Alrs. (Antoinette Tomnlinson) of lBrooklyn, N. Y.; lmarried 18;!); returned to United States, IS IS. Tinker,ev. Rev. uben, born 1 i!99, Chester, Mass.; stationee(l Wailullku on Maui; (lied in United States. 1Sf1. Tinker, AMrs. (Mlary T. Wood), born)( 1 9!, Chester, lass. Johnson, Andrew, teacher, H-onolulu; taulght a school for tile children (of foreigners; diel Ht onolulu. Johnson, MIrs., died HIonolulu. Embarked November 2)i, 18S31, on shil) Acrick fronm New 1Bedford, Mass.; arrived April, 18832: 71 Alexander, Rev. Wim. P., born 1805, Paris, Ky.; accomnpanied Messrs. Whitney and Tinker to the Society Islands; stationed Honolulu; Waioli on Kauai; taught in Lahainaluna Seminary; Wailuku on Maui. Alexander, Mrs. (Mary A. MIcKinney), born 1810, Wilmington, Del. Alexander, Wnl. DeWitt (son of Wmn. P. and Mary A.), was president of Oahu College in 18(5i; married Abbie Baldwin in 18(1. Alexan(ler, James McKinney (son of Wim. I. and Mary A.), minister in California. Arnstrong, Rev. Richard, D.D., horn 1805, Turbotville, Pa.; stationed Kailuku; pastor of First Church, Honolulu; minister of Public Institute for Hawaiian Islands; died 18(0. Armstrong, Mrs. (Clarissa Chapman), born 18()5 at Russell, Mass.; lived at I ri(geport, Conn., when married. IEmerson, Rev. John S., born 1800, Chester, N. H.; stationed Wailua on ()ahu 18832 to 1 842S; Lahainaluna; (lie(d 18( 67, Waialua. Emerson, -Mrs. (Ursula S. Newell), born 180(G, Nelson, N. H. Forbes, Rev. Cochran, born 1805, Gorham, Pa.; stationed Kaawaloa on IHawaii; Lahaina; returned to United States, 1848. Forbes, Mrs. (Rebecca D. Smith), born 18()5, Springfield, N. J. Hlitchcock, Rev. Harvey R., of Manchester, Conn., born 1800 at Great Barrington, Mass.; stationed Molokai; died there, 1855. Hitchcock, Mrs. (Rebecca H-oward), born 1808, Owasco, N. Y. Lyons, Rev. Lorenzo, born 1807, Colerain, Mass.; stationed Waimea on Hawaii. Lyons, Mrs. ( Ietsey Curtis), born 1813, FIlbridge, N. Y.; (lied 1837T, Honolulu. Iyons, Mrs. ( Lucia G. Smith), a teacher, born 1810, ItBurlington, N. Y.; etmbarked on Mary irazicr, 183(1; married 1 838 to AMIr. IJyons. Lynman, Rev. David Belden, born 180(), New Hartford, Conn.; stationedl Hilo; l)rinlcipal of Iligh School there since 18:(3, when school was founded. Lyman, LMrs. (Sarah Joiner), born 1X80(, Royalton, Vt. Spaulding, Rev. EIphraill, born 18( 02, Ludlow. Vt.; stationed I ahaina; died 180), Westboro, 5Mass. Spaulding, Mtrs. (Julia lIrooks), born 1810, Il:uckland, Mass.; resided lMelrose, Mass. t}Oa) Chapin, Alonzo, M.D., born 1805, West Springfield, Mass.; stationed Lahaina until his return to the United States, 183:6. Chapin, Mrs. (Mary A. Tenney), born 1804, Newburyport, Mlass. Rogers, Edmunl d Hf., printer, born 1806, Newton, Mass.; died 1853, H1onolulu; was associated with Mr. Shepard. Rogers, Mrs. (Mary Wood), born 1.79I9, MIiddlebury, N. Y.; embarked on Parthian1, 1 82i'; married in 18833; (lied 18,34, Honolulu. Rogers, Mrs. (ELlizabeth M. Hitchcock), born 1802, Barrington, Mass.; married in 183(6; (lied 1857, Honolulu. Lmlb)arked on ship AMcitor, November 21, 18:32, at New ILonlon, Conl.; arrived April, 1 S3:: Parker, Rev. IBenj. Wyman, born 1803, Reading, Mass.; stationed Kaneohe on Oahu Island; visited the Marquesas Islands. Parker, Mrs. (Mary E. Barker), born 1805, Branford, Conn. Parker, Rev. I-enry H1-. (son of Benj. and Mary), pastor of First Church, Honolulu. Smith, Rev. Lowell, born 1s802, Heath, Mass.; stationed on Molokai; IEwa; p)astor of Second Church, Honolulu, frolm 1838 to:18(6!). Smith, Mrs. (Abba W. Tenny), born 1809(, Barre, MAass. Fuller, Lemuel, printer, born 1810(, Attleboro, Mass.; returned to United States, 183[4. IEml)arked on ship Hlcllcspont, December 5, 18341, from -Boston, Mass.; arrived May, 1 835: Coan, Rev. Titus, born 1801, Killingworth, Conn.; stationed 1Hlilo and P'una 8 35 to 1870); accomlllished a great work. Coan, Mrs. (Fidelia Church), born 18 10, Riga, N. Y. Coan, Mrs. (Lydia 11inghlam)), born -lonolulu, (laughtter of Hiraml 1ingham. H —itchcock, IElizabeth MI., teacher (\lrs. Rogers); born 1802), Barrington, Mass.; died H-onolulu, 1 857. Diamond, Henry, bookbinder, born 1808, I:airfield, Conn.; stationed I-Honolulu; released 1850. Diamond, Mrs. (Ann M. Anner), born 1808, New York; married 18.34. t-all, Edwin O., born 1810, Walpole, N. H-.; stationed I-Hololulu; printer and secular agent. 3 n ti L) * "i re; ~ii Q87~1: r — ~I i~as r~ C: ci; 5 C '.3 i-~ ""9"8k;k. LI: fi ir:i 8~~ d i-~ W F: -* ' ~r" L1 L" i*R'1- --- Uin;rf w :::: =-ci tbC (~Lf~gi~7 T ~-E~IZLI?I: oca,x o : li~ siiiii~i dy UC1) ;i v LLT r u gS; Hall, MArs. (Sarah L. Williams), born 1812, Elizabeth, N. J. Brown (Iydia), born 1 i-)8, Wilton, N. -I.; taught in Kailuku; MIlolokai; died Honolulu, 1 86(). E:mbl)arked on bark Mary Fra zir, )ecelmber 14, 183(., at Boston, MIass.; arrivedl June, 1837 IBliss, Rev. Isaac, born 1804, Warren, Mass.; stationed Kohala on Hawaii four years; died in United States,.1851. I'liss, Airs. (Emlily Curtis), born 11811, lilbri(lge, N. Y.; returned to United States, 1 842. Conde, Rev. Daniel Toll, born 1807, Charlton, N. Y.; stationed Hlaina on Alaui 1 83( to 1848; Wailuku 18 1-8 to 1856(; returned to United States, 1857. Conde, Airs. (Andelusia Lee), born 1810(, Jericho, Vt.; died 1855 at the Islands. Ives, Rev. AMark, born 1809), Goshen, Conn.; stationed H-ana on Maui until 18-40; at Kealakekua Blay until 1845; Kealia on Hawaii until 18,50; returnedl to United States, 1851; released 1 )84. Ives, -rs. (AMary A. Brainerd), born 1810, 1laddam, Conil.; lmarried 183(;. Their son Harlan Page Ives, born August 18. S18(), at Kealakekua, Hawaii, died July 17, 1!)2, I)anbury, Conn., where he resided forty-two years; married Elvira I1. Vail of Cornwall, Conn. Their nine children are: Wnl. 1-., J. Mark, Robert A., Charles G., MTary B., Evelyn, Jesse E1., IMrs. Franlk lBennett, Herbert R. Iafon, Rev. Thomas, AM.D., born 1801, Chesterfield, Va.; stationed Koloa; retiurned to United States, 184 1. ILafon, Mrs. (Sophia L. I'arker), born 1812, New Bedford(, Mass. Johnson, Rev. Ieldward, born 1813, Htollis, N. H-.; taught f-roml 183 7 to 1818 W\aioli on Kauai; died on M orlinlg Star at Waioli, 18(61, aged fifty-four. Johnson, iMrs. (Lois S. Hoyt), born 180(), Salisbury, N. 11. Andrews, Seth Lathrop, MI.)., born 180(!, Putney, Vt.; stationed at Kailua until return to United States, 18-19. Andrews, A1rs. (P'armelly Pierce), born 1807, Woodbury, Conn.; died 181(6. Blailey, Edward, born 1814-, Holden, Mass.; teacher at Kohala on Hawaii, at Wailuku Seminaary, and Lahainaluna. Bailey,. MIrs. (Caroline Hultbbardl), botrn 1 814, 1 —loldenl, Aass. ',5 BJRIAI)uiu r T RIEI The fruit is cream white the leaves are very beautiful. Castle, Samuel Northrop, born 1808, Cazenovia, N. Y.; stationed Honolulu; secular agent many years with Messrs. Chamberlain and Cooke. Castle, Mrs. (Angeline L. Tenney), born 1810, Sudbury, Vt.; married 1836; died 1841. Castle, Mrs. (Mary Tenney); embarked for Islands in -1812; married 1842. Cooke, Amos Starr, born 1810, Danbury, Conn.; stationed at HI-onolulu; principal of Royal School, 183!9 to 181!9; associated in secular affairs with Mr. Castle. Cooke, Mrs. (Juliette MIontague), born 1812, Sunderland, Mass.; married 1836(, Danbury, Conn.; embarked with husband. Knapp, Horton Owen, born 1813, Greenwich, Conn.; teacher; Weamua on Hawaii; Honolulu, 1815. Knapp, Mrs. (Charlotte Close), born 1813, Greenwich, Conn.; after (leath of husband she married Rev. Daniel Dole. Lock, Edwin, born 1813, Fitzwilliam, N. I-.; teacher at Waialtua, manual labor school; died Punahou, October 28, 18-13. Lock, Mrs. (Martha L. Rowell), born 1812, Cornish, N. H.; (lied Waiahea on Oahu, October 8, 181-2. McDonald, Rev. Chas., born 1812, Easton, Pa.; died Lahaina, 1839. McDonald, Mrs. (IHarriet T. Halsted), born -1810, New York. Munn, Ilethuel, born 180S, (Orange, N. J.; teacher Molokai; returned to United States, 1812. Munn, Mrs. (Louisa Clark), born 1810, Skaneateles, N. Y.; died 1811. Van )Duzee, Wim. Sanford, born 1811, THartforl, N. Y.; teacher Kaawaloa, Hawaii; returned to United States, 1810. Van Duzee, Mrs. (Oral IHobart), born 18114, 1lomer, N. Y. Her daughter, Cyrene, a missionary in Turkey. Wilcox, Abner, born 1(80S. [larwinton, Conn.; teacher 1lilo; VWaialue on Oahu; WXaioli on 1Kauai, where he taught twenty years; died in United States, 1 86!), at Colebrook, Conn. Wilcox, MArs. (Lucy I. -l art), born Cairo, N. Y., 1811; (lie(l 186!), in United States, at Colebrook. Smith, Marcia Maria, born 180()6, Burlington, N. Y.; taught Kaneohe; P'unahou 18,42 to 1853; returned to United States, 1 853. Elmbarked on ship Gloutcester November l 1, 1840(), from BIoston, Mass.; arrived May, 184 1: Dole, Rev. Daniel, born 1808, Skowhegan, Me.; stationed Punahou on Oahu in school for missionaries' children; Koloa on Kauai. Iole, Mrs. (Emily H. Ballard), born 1808, Hallowell, Me.; died 1844 at Islands. Dole, Mrs. (Charlotte Close Knapp), widow of H. 0. Knapp; married Mr. Dole in 1846. BIond, Rev. Elias, born 1813, Hallowell, Me.; stationed Kohala. Bond, Mrs. (1Ellen M. Howell), born 1817', Portland, Me. Paris, Rev. John D., born 1809, Staunton, Va.; stationed Waiohinu on Hawaii; Kealakekua Bay. Paris, Mrs. (Mary Grant), born 1807, Albany, N. Y.; diedl 1847 at Hilo. Paris, Mrs. (Mary Carpenter), married 1851. Rice, lWi. Harrison, born 18113, Oswego, N. Y.; taught at Hana on M1aui; High School at Punahou; secular affairs on Kauai; died 11863. Rice, Mrs. (Mary S. Hyde), born Seneca, N. Y., 1816(. A daughter of Mr. an(d Mrs. Rice niarried George De La Vergne; their son is George W. H. Ie La Vergne, author. lEmbarked May 2, 1812, from Boston, iMass.; arrived in 1842: Smlith, Rev. James W., l.l)., stationed Koloa on Kauai. Smith, Mrs. (Mellicent K.). Rowell, Rev. George B., born at Cornish, N. Ht.; stationed Waioli on Kauai; Waimea; released 18(5. Rowell, Mrs. (Malvina J. Chapin). Smith, Rev. Asa Bowen, born 1(809, Williamstown, Vt.; stationed Waialua on )ahu 18-12-1846(; returned to United States, 184(6. Smith, Mrs. (Sarah G. White), born 1813, West Ilrookfield, iMass.,lEmbarked on brig (lobc, I)ecember 4-, 18431, frolm }Boston, Mass.; arrived May, 18414: Whittlesey, Rev. 1liphalet, born 1(816, Salisbury, Connl.; stationed Hana Oll Maui; Kaupo; Hana; returned to United States, 18541; released 1864. Whittlesey, Mrs. (IElizabeth Keene Baldwin), born 1821l, Frankfort, N. J., and resided in Newark, N. J.; at Mount Holyoke Seminary. 78 Hunt, Rev. Timothy Dwight, of Rochester, N. Y.; stationed Kau on Hawaii; Lahainaluna Seminary; released 1849. Hunt, Mrs. (AMary Hedge), of Newark, N. J. Pogue, Rev. John F., born 18-, W\ilmington, Del.; stationed Koloa on Kauai; Kealakekua Bay; principal of Lahainaluna Seminary from 1852 to 1866; Waiohinu on Hawaii; Honolulu, secretary of Board. Pogue, Mrs. (Maria K. Whitney), born at WMaimea on Kauai; educated in United States; married in 1818 at Honolulu. Andrews, Rev. Claudius B., born 18 1', Kinsman, Ohio; stationed Molokai; Lahainaluna; Honolulu. Andrews, Mrs. (Anna S. Gibson), born 18'3, Reading, Vt.; embarked 1851; died on East Maui, 18(2. Andrews, Mrs. (Samantha Gibson), in 18f3. Embarked on the Samowsct, October 23, 1817, at Boston, Mass.; arrived February, 1 848: Dwight, Rev. Samuel Gelston, born 1815, Northampton, Mass. Kinney, Rev. Henry, born 1816(, Amenia, N. Y.; stationed Kau on Hawaii; died at Sonora, Cal., 1854. Kinney, Mrs. (Maria L. Walworth), of West Blloomfield, N. Y., born 182S2, Cleveland, Ohio. Elnlbarked on October 1(6, 1818, fronm IBoston, Mass.; arrived MIarch, 181!): Wetmore, Dr. Chas. Htinckley, 1)orn 18X20, Lebanon, Conn.; stationed tIilo. Wetmore, Mrs. (Lucy S. Taylor), born 181!, Pittsfield, Mass. Embarked in 1851 for the Islands: Beckwith, Rev. 1Edward G., D.D., of Barrington, Mass.; in charge of the Royal School; pastor of Central Union Church, Honolulu; (ied 1!905. Beckwith, Mrs. (Caroline 1:. Armstron), died in 19)05. Beckwith, Maurice B., brother of al)ove, teacher in Royal School. Beckwith, George F'., brother of above, teacher in Royal School. 1nbl)arked Novenmber 18, 1s851, for the Isslands: Gulick, Rev. Luther IHalsey, iM.D. (son of Peter and Fanny), born HI-onolulu June 10, 1828; educated in United States; emilarledl for Islands, 1851; missionary to Mlicronesia; secretary of I:oar(l of Ilawaiian Evangelical Association. Later returned to United States. 79 . a 350.0.......... 00:'.......... Q l. 'S,4 > 0 055 S '0''i '' ';5 500 0 l u | d! 1 '3 H t '"'0X'' i s4'5s'@w '520 0 0 z~~~~t l | | | ~ 9~~t~~~ i || i; 9tr 2 SS _ 55 l.' 5i Sfa S 0 5 20 r3 5 3I a~ "_3 - t '. '0 i 0 g ' f 0 f _ _ 5.n g<.':,< $:5 re;\ 0 ><' 5@ i - ||E: |~~~~~~~~~~~~1 rlg ~~ r~ rai 1Ti ~ <- rf.1nri~:~r PaT,3 Y t.X{O I. tJ2ItJr Gulick, Mrs. (Louise Lewis), born New York City, 1830. Gulick, Rev. Orramel Hinckley (son of Peter and Flanny), born Hawaiian Islands; stationed at Waiohinu on Hawaii; Waialua on Oahu; opened a female boarding school; later went to Japan; author of Pilyrills of IIazuaii. Gulick, Mrs. (Ann Eliza Clark), born Honolulu. Embarked on ship Chaica, June 4, 1854, Boston, Mass.; arrived December, 1854: Shipman, Rev. Wm. C., born 1824, Wethersfield, Conn.; stationed Lahaina; Kau on Hawaii; died 186(1, aged thirty-seven years. Shipman, Mrs. (Jane Stobie), born 182'7 at Aberdour, Scotland; married in 1853, Aberdour. Embarked November 28, 1854, from Boston, Mass.: Baldwin, Rev. Wm. ()tis, born 1821, Greenfield, N. 1H.; stationed Ilana; returned to United States, 1860. Baldwin, Mrs. (Mary Proctor), born 1822, Lunenburg, Mass. Embarked April 1 6, 1855, for the Islands: Spooner, Win. Avery, born 1828, West Brookfield, Mass.; steward at Oahu College until 1860. Spooner, Mrs. (Eliza A. BIoynton), born 1828, Shirley, Mass. Born in Hawaii, embarked from the United States for the Islands, 1858: Forbes, Rev. Anderson Oliver (son of Rev. Cochran Forbes), born 1838, at Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii; educated in United States; returned to Islands in 1858; stationed Molokai; Honolulu, with Second Church. Forbes, Mrs. (Maria Patten, daughter of Levi Chalmberlain), born Honolulu, 1830; died 1909. Embarked 1860 for the Islands: Mills, Rev. Cyrus T., born 1819, Paris, N. Y.; principal of Seminary in Ceylon 1849 to 1853; president of Oahu College 1860 to 18641; returned to United States. Mills, Mrs. (Susan Lincoln Tolman), born Enosburg, Vt., 1825; she and husband were founders of Mills College, Cal. 81 Embarked 1862 for the Islands: Bishop, Rev. Sereno (son of Rev. Artemas Bishop), born 1827 at the Islands; stationed Hana on Maui; principal of Lahainaluna Seminary, 1866. Bishop, Mrs. (C. Sessions). Embarked 1863 for the Islands: Parker, Rev. Henry H. (son of Rev. B. W. Parker), born at Islands; pastor of First Church, Honolulu, 1863. Embarked 1877: Hyde, Rev. Chas., M.D. Hyde, Mrs. (Mary Knight). 82 INDEX Alexander, Dr. James, 21, 67. American Board, 9, 25, 26, 40. Anderson, Dr. Rufus, 67. Andrews, Rev. Mr., 33. Fannie P., 8 Atherton, Kate, 8. Baron de Campagne, 26. Bassett, Rev. Mr., 26. B1ingham, Rev. Hiram I., 26, 28, 29, 31, 37, 4(6. Rev. Hiram II, 47. Prof. Hiram, 47. Lydia and Elizabeth, 35. Bishop, Mrs., 35. Ilanchard, Capt., 27. Bliss, Rev. Howard S., 7. Boston, Mass., 27. Britnall, Capt., 23. B)ryan, Prof., 12. Capen, Pres., 9. Castle, Major, 45. Beatrice, 45. Centennial Anniversary, 46. Chamberlain, Rev. Jacob, 7. Daniel, 26, 65. China, 23, 28, 41. Church, Central, 3:3. Stone, 33. St. Andrew's, 33. New England, 11. Coan, Rev. Titus, 15, 29, 33. Commercial Hawaii, 41, 42. Cook, Capt., 21, 42. Cooke, Amos Starr, 35, 65. Family, 67. Cornwall, Conn., 25, 27. Daggett, Rev. Mr., 26. Dominick, Bayard, 12. Dwight, Pres., 26. Edwin, 23. Ewa, 33. Forbes, Rev. Mr., 55. Goodrich, Rev. Mr., 15, 29. Gregory, Prof., 12. Gulick, Alice Gordon, 7. Family, 71, 79, 81. Hamlin, Rev. Cyrus, 7. Hawaii Island, 13, 29. Hawaiian Islands, 11, 12, 13, 23, 40. Alphabet, 28. Evangelical Association, 45. Newspapers, 45. Clubs and Societies, 43, 45. Rulers, 39, 40. Volcano Association, 15, 19. Observatory, 15. Hawley, Amos 1'., 8. Hilo, 13, 15, 29, 37. Holman, Dr. Thomas, 26, 29. Lucia, 56, 57, 58. Journal, 59-64. Honolulu, 11, 12, 29, 33. Hubbard, Russell, 23. Hunnewell, James, 27. 83 Jaggar, Prof., 19. Jubilee, 40, 4 1. Kaalhumanu, 31, 35, 37, 39. Kaawaloa, 37. Kailua, 13,?27, 29), 31. Kamamalu, 27. Kanmehalneha IDynasty, 9!)-40. Schools, 35. Kapioloni, 37. Katuai Island, I1'2, 29, 31. Kilauea, 1) 5. (Observatory, 1 ). I ahainaluma, 3,3. I,ahania, 33. I)ocke, Mrs., 35. Looinis, 2(;, 65. Iyyman, Rev. AMr., 33. I yon, Mary, 7. Mark Twain, 5, 9. Mati Island, 13, 29. Mauna l xoa, 1.3, 15, 17, 19. Mills, Samuel J., 25. Mission School, 625, 26. Mlissionaries lwho sailed for the Islandls: In1 1819 on brig i Tladdeds (;7, 69. In 1 822 Oni l)rig 7'IzTamcs, (69. in 1827( on brg lParthian, 70. In I 1830 o shit) ATNew ELgland, 71. In 1831; oil shilp.l1zrick, 71. In 18S32 oin shilp Menltor, 73. In 18134 on ship Icllespon1t, 73. In 18:3(6 on ship Mlary Frazicr, 75. In 1S-10( on ship) Gloucester, 7S. In 1 8:02 o11 shi) —, 78. In 1843 on brig Globe, 78. In 1847 on ship) Samoset, 79. In 1848 on ship —, 79. In 1 851 on ship —, 79. In 1854 on ship Chaoica, 81. In 1860( on ship --, 81. Molokai Island, 13, 31. Mount Holyoke College, 7. Murray, Rev. Andrew, 7. New H-aven, Conn., 23. )ahu Island, 12, 31. ( )ookiah, 23, 25. Pan-Pacific, 11. Pearl Harbor, 12. Pele, 37. PIopulation, 42. Punahou College, 35. Robert College, 7. Royal School, 35. Ruggles, Samuel, 15, 26, 29, 37, 55, 56. Samoa, 1 9. Schools, 33, 35. Scudder, Rev. Doremus, 33. Sugar Plantations, 42. Syrian College, 7. Tabu system, 21. Tahiti Island, 27, 5)9. Thurston, Rev. Asa, 2(;, 29, 37, 49, 50. Vancouver, 21. Waimea, 2)9. Whitnev, Rev. Samluel, 26, 29, 53. \Vorld War, 45. 8S4 I THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE DEC 2 3 1986 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN II I 3 9015 00921 9075 ----- — I