621 9UHR A T(I a39015 01811730 2b n H N" WU n nh Nn MIA Old n n TOO n n V n M 2 E n nmn SnA sM gn nu E Hin HE Rl ANN N MIN nR NE He Hn HURR n 5 Un A ARM' F] . 0 Al ARM AM ARIA Al M M All OR R' n MNE N RA RAO M gA. I In ME PAR Rj An Al. AW 0-0 7777 A 5 AB MP CAR A, M HI MA A A.. A. R AM, 'Am AL AN Mh AM jES ARM AM MA n a F ni A N AM j "Ok A AM AAA MHk AM An R AM AA RM. H R jp MA , I I k I I I AR AM SO E Nk a IRA n ER, MOM Am F 1 1 AN H H - H Mm OAA.., M. mA MM M AN Molog.1 II;.,.. IN....... N lo NPH 22 N AN MA MM HI 6 NAN I MNA axkOS Am N Am Nj A AN A AN Affi N, NANA I AN, g. A MM -UM JAR AN A A I po,. A Nffi AN A A Mij AA RO No Ai Am Alm. M A. N A. HN pO N AN Ai S, OHM AN N MM jo 'N q. A M.P AN S TA ANIN A a HE No flfl MiN m fi a 0MP mm V A. AN mm AM N Am j, ANN AN AN loon M No A IN I LVL- 11IAV(IAJ LANT; Ex-Qt FFN OF THE 1ATWAIAN ISLAND)8 \ TWO WEEKS OF HAWAIIAN HISTORY A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1893. ILLUSTRAiIIBD. HONOLULU, H. I. PUBLISHED BY THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE COMPANY. 1893. CA 0 T" t IiI 6o F) Saci a,?.^t y y-.A.nr Iv —.$sS 91.A~\A '- a~1 '-* - | A BIFRIE7F SKETCHI OF THE HAWAII1R EVOIUTIO1 OF 1893 PREFATORY. The course of Hawaii's political development has in general been peaceful. Under the reign of Kamehameha the 3rd, the fundamental changes in social organization, in the private rights of individuals, in the tenure of land, and in the constitution of government were effected without disturbance or bloodshed. The reign of the 3rd Kamehameha witnessed the beginning and the completion of the great series of changes which transformed Hawaii from a feudal and savage despotism into a free and civilized state. Without the cordial co-operation of an enlightened monarch, these reforms could not have been, as they were, speedily and peacefully effected. With the failure of the Kamehameha line, a change came over the spirit of the monarchy, and the new dynasty refused to walk in the footsteps of the old. The sound sense which had tempered the despotic spirit of Kamehameha V. was wanting to Kalakaua, and his reign brought with it a long series of extravagances and abuses which finally exhausted the patience of the people. The uprising of 1887 resulted in the promulgation of a new and more liberal Constitution, but the patience and moderation of the people gave to royalty one last chance, and left the Monarchy standing. 4 Five years of bitter experience under the new regime have proved that the revolution of 1887 had one fatal fault. It did not go far enough. The Constitution which it secured was indeed liberal, its guarantees of political and private right appeared sufficient, it seemed to introduce a system of government, for and by the people, responsible to the people. Had the throne been filled by a ruler like Karnehameha the 3rd, the expectations founded upon the new instrument would not have been disappointed and Hawaii might perhaps have continued for a generation to enjoy the substantial blessings of prosperity and freedom under a monarchical form of government. The Constitution was however so drawn that a willful and stiff-necked sovereign might easily obstruct its workings. Imnemnorial usage had neither defined its intent nor fixed its meaning beyond the reach of quibbling subterfuge and cavil. White men were found to misinterpret its provisions, and pervert its plain meanings in the interest of absolutism. The closing years of Kalakaua were occupied with a stubborn resistance by the. King to his Cabinet, and while the opening days of Liliuokalani gave birth to fairer hopes, it was soon obvious that the new Queen had all the despotic instincts of her brother, with far more than his tenacity of will. She was determined to govern by herself without consulting the will of the people, and had no idea of accepting the role of the constitutional head of a free state. Such is a brief sketch of the events which serve as a prologue to the revolutionary drama which was soon to the enacted. This cannot be fully understood however without an account of the events, or rather, of the secret intrigues, which led to the downfall of the Wilcox Cabinet. EVENTS IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE REVOLUTION. The Wilcox Cabinet was appointed November 8, but it was not until about Christmas time that rumors commenced to cir 5 culate in town, that the relations existing between the Queen and her Cabinet were not as smooth as they might be. She had attempted to dictate to them, an interference which they resented, and the first rumors were that she wanted to get rid of her Cabinet on the pretense that they were under the influence of the American and Annexation party, fearing that if they remained in power after the prorogation of the Legislature she would be sure to lose her throne. These fancies were found to have been instilled into her mind by the opium and spoils ring which had been making such a fight for existence during the term of the Legislative session. The leaders of this ring were clever enough to perceive that their influence with the Queen lay in using the Marshal as a cloak for their designs, and, making friends with him, they held the key to the situation. But they still lacked strength, and cast about for means to carry out their designs. Some self seekers joined their ranks, and the Queen now commenced to take an active part in affairs, and her minions, notably Capt. Nowlein of her guard, were in constant communication with the native members of the House. The Queen's legal advisers were in constant consultation with her, and engaged in the preparation of a new constitution. At the same time the Lottery Bill was revived and used as a lever, and promises of money payments for the passage of the first, second and third reading, of ap)pointments as agents in the several districts and of blocks of stock soon brought a change over the native members. The Queen was now engaged in making personal appeals to these members cases being reported of her fortifying her entreaties with tears. She sent for prominent white members whom she thought she could influence and asked outright for their support against her Ministers. Expostulations were in vain, and she showed her determination to brook no delay; still not much fear as to the stability of the Cabinet was felt, as without C. 0. Berger's vote she could not secure the necessary twenty-five. It was clearly explained 6 to Mr. Berger what her actions meant, and he was told who would constitute a new Cabinet if she succeeded in getting the Wilcox one out. and he promised not to lend his assistance to such schemes. He was advised to consult his father-in-law (Mr. Widemann), and it is a notable fact that after doing so Mr. Berger went to the Palace, and to the consternation of the Ministerial supporters, appeared in the House, after swearing he would never go near it again during the session. The twentyfive votes necessary to pass a resolution of Want of Confidence were thus obtained, and on Thursday, January 12, at three o'clock in the afternoon, the Wilcox Ministry was voted out of office. The downfall of the Cabinet was received with universal disgust throughout the community, but when the following day the places of the ministers were supplied by the Parker-Peterson-Colburn-Cornwell Cabinet, the disgust was seasoned with indignation of the strongest kind. The universal feeling found, however, only peaceable expression, and none thought of anything but law-abiding acquiescence in the change, fraught with injury to the public interest though it was known to be. THE FIRST DAY. Saturday the 14th of January, 1893, dawned clear and beautiful, and no one dreamed that it was to be one of the eventful days of Hawaiian history. The prorogation of the Legislature was to take place at noon, and the members opposed to the new Cabinet, though they absented themselves from the ceremony, had no idea of attempting anything against the Ministry. It did not seem possible that the Queen, after having gained everything for which she had been striving, would imperil her gain, by violating the constitution. And yet she did. THE RUMORS. Saturday afternoon between 1 and 2 o'clock, the community was startled by the information that a coup d'etat was in t 7 progress, and that the Queen was endeavoring to force her Cabinet to sign a new Constitution which she then proposed to promulgate immediately to the people. The information was at first disbelieved by some, but it was speedily confirmed. The political changes of the past few days, the renewed vote of Want of Confidence, the secret attempt made by the Queen to secure the overthrow of her Ministers, her secret interviews with Noble Dreier and others, the signing of the Opium and Lottery bills, coupled with the rabid talk of certain native members in the House, had produced a feeling of great unrest in the community. The remarks of Kamauoha in the House were felt by some to give a hint as to what was to be looked for in the future, and many shared these forebodings. On Saturday morning rumor was busy, and it was freely stated that a new Constitution was to be promulgated in the afternoon. At a meeting of business men, held in the room of the Chamber of Commerce, reference was made to this possibility, but still it was not generally believed until in the afternoon the unexpected happened, and doubt was transformed into certainty. THE HISTORY. Three days before the coup d'etat was attempted, a gentleman who enjoys the confidence of the Queen, told one of the members of the newly appointed Cabinet (who was then in private station) that the blow was to be struck, and that the persons of the Ministers would be secured. In the anticipation that the new Cabinet.would not make any resistance to the revolutionary blow, the precaution of arresting them was not taken. Saturday morning one of the Ministers received positive information that a blow was to be struck that afternoon. He immediately proceeded to consult two prominent citizens on the course to be taken. After a conference, the gentlemen referred to advised the Cabinet to refuse to sign a new Constitution and to decline to resign, if their resignations should be demanded. The $ 0 0 0 *00 0 0 00 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 - 0 0 4 0 00 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 000 0000 9 old working suit of clothes. On being asked where his tall hat, long black coat, and black pants were, he replied, "In the basket" pointilg to one which he was carrying on his arm. Proceeding, the native said that he, with others, had been ordered to go and ask for a new Constitution and went prepared to ask, never dreaming of having the request granted, but before the delegation could present the petition, the Queen intimated that their prayer would be granted without giving them time even to relad the petition. The old man said he knew that was treasoi, and he thought he had better get home. So he got his wife to bring him his old clothes again, which he inlmmediately donned, shuffling his finery into the basket. He further stated that he and the rest had no desire for a new Constitution. LIFTING THE HAMMER FOR THE COUP. In the meantime a large crowd of Hawaiians had gathered around the Palace gates, and in the grounds near the great flight of steps, and natives were also gathered in large groups in the Government Building yard and elsewhere in the neighborhood. The Queen retired to the Blue Room and summoned the Ministers who repaired at once to the Palace. The Queen was at a table, still dressed in the magnificent costume of the morning, and sparkling in a coronet of diiamonds. She at once presented them with the draft of the new Constitution, demanded their signatures, and declared her intention to promulgate the same at once. Attorney-General Peterson and Minister of Interior Colburn decidedly refused to do so, and Ministers Cornwell and Parker, though more hesitatingly, joined their colleagues in this refusal. All the Cabinet now perceived the expediency of advising Her Majesty not to violate the law, but she was not to be dissuaded from her mad course. Bringing her clenched hand down upon the table, Queen Liliuokalani said, "Gentlemen, I do not wish to hear any more advice. I intend to promulgate this Constitution and to do it now." Proceeding 10 she told the Cabinet that unless they abandoned their resistance at once, she would go out upon the steps of the Palace and tell the excited crowd there assembled that she wished to give them a new Constitution, but that her Ministers were inside the Palace hindering her from doing it. The Ministers remembered the riot at the Court House, and the fate of the unlucky representatives who fell into the hands of the mob. They knew what the threat might mean, and before itecould be put into execution they retired from the Palace. THE APPEAL TO THE CITIZENS. From the government building, the Ministers immediately sent word down town, asking the citizens what support the Cabinet could expect in its resistance to the revolutionary movement begun by the Queen. Leading citizens of every political complexion hurried together at Hon. W. O. Smith's office, and while their numbers were every instant augmented by fresh accessions, held a hurried consultation as to the course to be pursued. There was but one mind among all those gathered together, tradesmen, lawyers, mechanics, merchants, were of one opinion. A unanimity of sentiment reigned such as has not been witnessed here for years, and it was agreed without a dissenting voice that it was the duty of every good citizen without distinction of party to support the law and the liberties of the people, and to resist the revolutionary encroachments of the Queen. A message to this effect was at once dispatched to the Cabinet. A NEW STRUGGLE WITH THE QUEEN. The Ministers now revisited the Palace, not without the apprehension that their persons would be taken into custody even if they suffered no bodily harm. Great pressure had been brought upon Her Majesty to induce her to go no farther and to retrace the revolutionary steps she had already taken. While 11 her troops stood drawn up before the Palace, waiting for the final word of command, the Queen hesitated and hesitated. The conference in the Blue Room lasted for a long time while the result trembled in the balance. She could not be induced to give up her unlawful project, but finally consented with bitter reluctance to a temporary postponement of the premeditated coup. THE QUEEN'S SPEECH. The Queen was a very angry woman, when at 4 p. M. Saturday she returned to the Throne Room where were assembled the Hui Kalaiainaa with most of the native members of the Legislature, the Cabinet, the Governor of Oahu, the young Princes, Chief Justice Judd and Mr. Justice Bickerton, the Staff, ladies of the Court, kahili bearers, etc. She ascended the dais and spoke substantially as follows: PRINCES, NOBLES AND REPRESENTATIVES: I have listened to the thousands of voices of my people that have come to me, and I am prepared to grant their request. The present constitution is full of defects, as the Chief Justice here will testify, as questions regarding it have so often come before him for settlement. It is so faulty that I think a new one should be granted. I have prepared one, in which the rights of all have been regarded-a constitution suited to the wishes of the people. I was ready and expected to proclaim the new constitution to-day, as a suitable occasion for it, and thus satisfy the wishes of my dear people. But, with deep regret, I say that I have met with obstacles that prevent it. Return to your homes peaceably and quietly and continue to look towards me, and I will look towards you. Keep me ever in your love. I am obliged to postpone the granting of the Constitution for a few days. I must confer with my Cabinet, and when, after you return home, you may see it: receive it graciously. You have my love, and with sorrow I now dismiss you. 12 Mr. White replied, thanking the Queen and assuring her of the love of the people, and that they would wait patiently until their desires should be fulfilled, to which the Queen responded with thanks, and left the Throne Room. Mr. Kaunamano then began in a loud voice an inflammatory harangue which was suppressed. He demanded the lives of the members of the Cabinet who had opposed the wishes of Her Majesty, and declared that he thirsted for bloodshed. A few moments later the Queen went out upon the upper balcony of the Palace and addressed the crowd. She told thenm that on account of the perfidy of her Ministers she was unable to give them the Constitution which she had promised them, but that she would take the earliest opportunity of procuring it for them. (The crowd then gave three cheers.) Rep. White then proceeded to the steps of the Palace and began an address. He told the crowd that the Cabinet'had betrayed them, and that instead of going home peaceably they should go into the Palace and kill and bury them. Attempts were made to stop him, which he resisted, saying that he would never close his mouth until the new Constitution was granted. Finally he yielded to the expostulations of Col. Boyd and others, threw up his hands and declared that he was pau, for the present. After this the audience assembled dispersed. The Constitution which the Queen wished to force upon the people, deprived them of all voice in the choice of the House of Nobles, the appointment of which was vested in the sovereign. The system of Cabinet responsibility was abolished, the choice and removal of Ministers being vested solely in the Queen. Native Hawaiians were to be exempt from the payment of personal taxes, and all white men were to be deprived of the franchise except those who were married to native wives. News was brought to the citizens down town that the attempt to carry the revolution through had for the moment failed. The meeting, however, appreciating the fact that the 13 trouble had but just begun, did not break up, but continued the consideration of the emergency. A Committee of Public Safety was formed, to which the further consideration of the situation was delegated, after which the meeting, which had been animated by one heart and one soul from the beginning, dispersed. The Committee of Public Safety did not delay in their performance of the task entrusted to them by the citizens, but proceeded to hold a meeting on the spot. At first everything was in the air, there being no definite plan of operations. The Committee adjourned at 6 P. M. to meet again on the following (Sunday) morning. At the second meeting the situation was discussed in all its bearings, and it was decided to call a mass meeting, to make a report, and then to ask this general gathering of all the citizens to confirm the appointment of the Committee of Safety, and to authorize it to take whatever steps might seem necessary to further the public welfare and secure the rights of the people once for all from aggression. It was the unanimous sentiment of the members of the Committee that a proclamation should be issued abrogating the monarchy, and a provisional government established, if the tone of feeling developed at the mass meeting should clearly indicate that such a course would be in accord with public sentiment. In case the expectations of the Committee as to the state of public feeling were realized, it would be necessary to be prepared to take immediate steps. The Committee therefore continued its meetings and began the work of organization and preparation. Monday morning, it was decided to request the American Minister to land troops for the protection of property, and a request to that effect was forwarded to the American Minister. THE QUEEN'S PARTY. In the meanwhile, the Queen's Party were not idle. They were frightened at the tone of feeling manifested in the city, and began to cast about for means of averting the catastrophe which 14 seemed to threaten the Throne. The Queen patched up a peace with her Cabinet and forgave them for the time being, for their "perfidy." In the morning of Sunday she held a meeting at the Palace, and charged the native pastors present to pray for her, as evil minded foreigners were endeavoring to deprive her of her Throne. In the evening, a secret meeting was held at the office of the Attorney-General in the Government Building, at which, besides the Cabinet, Paul Neumann, Marshal Wilson, lHon. R. W. Wilcox, E. C. Macfarlane and Antone Rosa were present, besides some others. At this meeting, Marshal Wilson proposed the arrest of the Committee of Thirteen, but Paul Neumann and others opposed the proposition, on the ground that it would cause friction. Posters for the mass meeting of citizens being already out, it was decided to call a counter mass meeting of Hawaiians at Palace Square, and the tone to be adopted at this meeting was decided upon. A By Authority Notice was drafted, to be signed by the Queen and Cabinet, announcing that her intention to abrogate the Constitution by force had been abandoned, and that in future any changes she might desire would be effected by constitutional means only. In accordance with the terms of this announcement, the speaking at Palace Square was to be temperate and peaceable. Monday morning, the Advertiser appeared with a long account of the coup d'etat attempted by the Queen on Saturday, and with an editorial counselling the people to stand firmly by their rights. Late in the morning the By Authority Notice above referred to was distributed. It was as follows: BY AUTHORITY. Her Majesty's Ministers desire to express their appreciation for the quiet and order which has prevailed in this community since the events of Saturday, and are authorized to say that the position taken by Her Majesty in regard to the promulgation of a new Constitution, was under the stress of Her native subjects. 15 Authority is given for the assurance that any changes desired in the fundamental law of the land will be sought only by methods provided in the Constitution itself. Her Majesty's Ministers request all citizens to accept the assurance of Her Majesty in the same spirit in which it is given. ( SIGNED) LTLIUOKALANI. SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs. W. H. CORNWELL, Minister of Finance. JOHN F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior. A. P. PETERSON, Attorney-General. Iolani Palace, January 16th, 1893. THE CITIZENS MASS MEETING. At 2 P. M Monday, January 17, the Honolulu Rifles Armory was the scene of the largest and most enthusiastic mass meeting ever held in Honolulu. It was called by the Committee of Public Safety for the purpose of protesting against the revolutionary aggressions of the Queen. At half-past one citizens began to assemble, and before two o'clock the large building was crowded to its utmost capacity, 1260 being present by actual count, while many others came later. Every class in the community was fully represented, mechanics, merchants, professional men and artisans of every kind being present in full force. The meeting was intensely enthusiastic, being animated by a common purpose and feeling, and most of the speakers were applauded to the echo. Hon. W. C. Wilder, of the Committee of Safety, was the Chairman. MR. WILDER said: Fellow citizens, I have been requested to act as Chairman of this meeting. Were it a common occurrence, I should consider it an honor, but to-day we are not here 16 to do honork to Anybody. I a ccep thO ha4oir anhip of this nin t~ lug as a duty. [Applause] We mee~t here tobAyi as men4-not as any party, faction or creed, hut as mien who are hound to 6ee good g6Ovrrnmeit It i$ a11 kinoif to yon all what look placei W. C. WILDEWl. *eeti i ti4e OW"eaiie Se Weeiihestsee at the PAlc last hatnrday. I need not tell you theb i soht of this meetiiing and no inch meeting has eeebsr held since 187 There is the same reason now as then. An impromptu meetbin of cithizens was called Saturdaby to take measures lor the pueblic set.The reportt of the commiifttee will lbe read to you.i We do not meet as rev6toltionists hotas peaceiful citizens who havei the right to mneet anid sate heirbd gr~ievnces [Loud appilause] We -will maintin our rights and have the courage to mainidtain 17 Noble Thurston, being introduced by the chairman, read the following REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY: To THE CITIZENS OF HONOLULU: On the morning of last Saturday, the 14th instant, the city was startled by the information that Her Majesty Queen Liliuokalani had announced her intention to arbitrarily promulgate a new Constitution, and that three of the newly appointed Cabinet Ministers had, or were about to, resign in consequence thereof. Immediately after the prorogation of the Legislature, at noon, the Queen accompanied, by her orders, by the Cabinet, retired to the Palace; the entire military force of the Government was drawn up in line in front of the building, and remained there until dark, and a crowd of several hundred native sympathizers with the new Constitution project gathered in the throne room and about the Palace. The Queen then retired with the Cabinet; informed them that she intended to promulgate it and proposed to do so then and there, and demanded that they countersign her signature. She turned a deaf ear to their statements and protests that the proposed action would inevitably cause the streets of Honolulu to run red with blood, and threatened that unless they complied with her demand she would herself immediately go out upon the steps of the Palace and announce to the assembled crowd that the reason she did not give them the new Constitution, was because the Ministers would not let her. Three of the Ministers fearing mob violence immediately withdrew and returned to the Government building. They were immediately summoned back to the Palace but refused to go, on the ground that there was no'guarantee of their personal safety. The only forces under the control of the Government are the Household Guards and the Police. The former are nomi 18 nally under the control of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and actually under the control of their immediate commander, Major Nowlein, a personal adherent of the Queen. The Police are under the control of Marshal Wilson, the open and avowed royal favorite. Although the Marshal is nominally under the control of the Attorney-General, Her Majesty recently announced in a public speech that she would not allow him to be removed. Although the Marshal now states that he is opposed to the Queen's proposition, he also states that if the final issue arises between the Queen and the Cabinet and people he will support the Queen. The Cabinet was absolutely powerless and appealed to citizens for support. Later they reluctantly returned to the Palace, by request of the Queen, and for nearly two hours she again endeavored to force them to acquiesce in her desire, and upon their final refusal announced in a public speech in the throne room and again from the upper gallery of the Palace that she desired to issue the Constitution but was prevented from doing so by Her Ministers, and would issue it in a few days. The citizens responded to the appeal of the Cabinet to resist the revolutionary attempt of the Queen, by gathering at the office of William 0. Smith. Later in the afternoon it was felt that bloodshed and riot were imminent; that the community could expect no protection from the legal authorities; that on the contrary they would undoubtedly be made the instruments of royal aggression. An impromptu meeting of citizens was held, which was attended by the Attorney-General and which was addressed, among others, by the Minister of the Interior, J. F. Colburn, who stated to the meeting substantially the foregoing facts. The meeting unanimously passed a resolution that the public welfare required the appointment of a Committee of Public Safety, of thirteen, to consider the situation and devise 19 ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and the protection of life and property. Such committee was forthwith appointed, and has followed its instructions. The first step which the committee consider necessary is to secure openly, publicly, and peaceably, through the medium of a mass meeting of citizens, a condemnation of the proceedings of the party of revolution and disorder, and a confirmation from such larger meeting of the authority now vested in the committee. For such purpose the committee hereby recommends the adoption of the following RESOLUTION: 1. Whereas Her Majesty Liliuokalani, acting in conjunction with certain other persons, has illegally and unconstitutionally and against the advice and consent of the lawful executive officers of the Government attempted to abrogate the existing Constitution and proclaim a new one in subversion of the rights of the people; 2. And Whereas such attempt has been accompanied by threats of violence and bloodshed and a display of armed force; and such attempt and acts and threats are revolutionary and treasonable in character; 3. And Whereas Her Majesty's Cabinet haveinformed her thatsuch contemplated action was unlawful and would lead to bloodshed and riot and have implored and demanded of her to desist from and renounce such proposed action; 4. And Whereas such advice has been in vain, and Her Majesty has in a public speech announced that she was desirous and ready to promulgate such Constitution, the same being now ready for such purpose, and that the only reason why it was not now promulgated was because she had met with unexpected obstacles and that a fitting opportunity in the future must be 20 awaited for the consummation of such object, which would be within a few days; 5. And Whereas at a public meeting of citizens held in Honolulu on the 14th day of January instant a committee of Thirteen, to be known as the " COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY,7 was appointed to consider the situation and to devise ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and safety and the preservation of life and property; 6. And Whereas such Committee has recommended the calling of this mass meeting of citizens to protest against and condemn such action and has this day presented a report to such meeting denouncing the action of the Queen and her supporters as being unlawful, unwarranted; in derogation of the rights of the people; endangering the peace of the community, and tending to excite riot, and cause the loss of life and destruction of property; Now Therefore, We, the Citizens of Honolulu of all nationalities and regardless of political party affiliations, do hereby condemn and denounce the action of the Queen and her supporters; And we do hereby ratify the appointment and endorse the action taken and report made by the said Committee of Safety; and we do hereby further empower such committee to further consider the situation and further devise such ways and means as may be necessary to secure the permanent maintenance of law and order and the protection of life, liberty and property in Hawaii. MR. THURSTON said: Mr. Chairman: Hawaii is a wonderful country. We are divided into parties and nationalities and factions, but there are moments when we are united and move shoulder to shoulder, moved by one common desire for the public good. Three times during the past twelve years this had 21 happened-in 1880, 1887 and to-day. They say it is ended, it is done, there is nothing to consider. Is it so? [Calls of Nol! No!] I say gentlemen, that now and here is the time to act. [Loud cheers.] The Queen says she won't do it again. [Cries of humbug!] Fellow citizens, have you any memories? Hasn't she once before promised-sworn solemnly before Almighty God to maintain this Constitution? What is her word worth? [Calls of Nothing! Nothing!] It is an old saying that a royal promise is made to be broken. Fellow citizens, remember it. We have not sought this situation. Last Saturday the sun rose on a peaceful and smiling city; to-day it is otherwise. Whose fault is it-Queen Liliuokalani's. It is not her fault that the streets have not run red with blood. She has printed a proclamation expressing her repentance for what she has done-and at the same tirne,-perhaps sent out by the same carriers,-her organ prints an extra with her speech with bitterer language than that quoted in the Advertiser. She wants us to sleep on a slumbering volcano, which will some morning spew out blood and (lestroy us all. The Constitution gives us the right to assemble peacefully and express our grievances. We are here doing that to-day without arms. The man who has not the spirit to rise after the menace to our liberties has no right to keep them. Has the tropic sun cooled and thinned our blood, or have we flowing in our veins the warm, rich blood which makes men love liberty and die for it? I move the adoption of the resolution. [Tumultuous applause.] MR. H. F. GLADE: The Queen has done an unlawful thing in ignoring the constitution which she had sworn to uphold. We most decidedly protest against such revolutionary proceedings, and we should do all we possibly can to prevent her from repeating actions which result in disorder and riot. We now have a promise from the Queen that proceedings as we experienced on Saturday shall not occur again. But we should have such assurances and guarantees for this promise that will really satis 22 fy us and convince us of the faith and earnestness of the promise given, of which we now have no assurance. What such guarantees and assurances ought to be I cannot at this moment say or recommend. This should be referred to the Committee of Safety for their careful consideration. I second the motion. MR. A. YOUNG, in addressing the meeting, spoke as follows: Mr. Chairman and fellow citizens-In June, 1887, I stood on this same platform and addressed an audience almost as large as the one now before me. At that time we had met to consider a resolution that looked toward a new constitution, which proposed constitution was considered the most effectual method of removing some flagrant abuses in governmental affairs practiced by the King and his Cabinets prior to the time that the constitution was promulgated. To-day we have met to consider the action of Her Majesty in attempting to set aside the constitution we all worked so hard to have promulgated, in the best interests of the sovereign and the people at large, as well as for the redemption of the credit of the kingdom abroad. It has long been reported that at some favorable opportunity the Queen would spring a new constitution upon the people and place matters even more in the hands of the sovereign than they were before the revolution of 1887. Some did not believe the rumors, but the actions of the Queen in the last few days have convinced the most skeptical that the rumors were well founded, and that she had been pregnant with this unborn constitution for a long time, but it could not be born till under the propitious star. The Queen's Kahunas, together with Her would-be advisers had no doubt told Her that the auspicious time for the advent had arrived. In trying to promulgate this long-promised constitution, the Queen has therefore premeditatedly committed a breach of faith with one portion of her subjects, in order to satisfy the clamors of a faction of natives urged by the influence of a mischievous element of foreigners who mean no good to the Queen or the people, but simply for the purpose of providing avenues for 23 carrying out more perfectly the smuggling of opium and diverting the contents of the treasury into their own pockets. A " By Authority" circular has now been handed around setting forth that the Queen and her Cabinet had decided not to press the promulgation of a new Constitution, but can we depend on this promise of Her Majesty? Is this promise any more binding upon her than the oath she took before the Almighty God to support and maintain the present Constitution? Has not the Queen resorted to very questionable methods in an underhanded way to remove what, to the people, was one of the most acceptable Cabinets ever commissioned by any Sovereign in this Kingdom, in order that four other Ministers might be appointed that would carry out her behest, treasonable. or otherwise, as might be most conveniently within their scope. I say, have we any reasonable assurance that the Queen and her Ministers have abandoned finally the new Constitution promulgation scheme? [Roars of No! from the audience.] My fellow citizens, while the Queen and her Cabinet continue to trifle with and play fast and loose with the affairs of State, there can be no feeling of security for foreign families residing within these domains. There can be no business prosperity here at home, and our credit abroad must be of the flimsiest and most uncertain nature. And you business men who are toiling honestly for your bread and butter will have to put up with thin bread and much thinner butter if this farcical work is continued. In order that matters may be set to rights again and that honest, stable and honorable government may be maintained in Hawaii, I support the resolution and trust that it will be passed unanimously by this meeting. MR. C. BOLTE: Since the resolution which was read here has been written things have changed. On Saturday the Queen promised the native people that she would give them a new constitution under all circumstances, she did not say exactly when, but as soon as possible. This morning a proclamation 24 was issued, in which she says that her attempt to promulgate a new constitution last Saturday was made under stress of her native subjects, but that she will not do it again. An attempt to change the fundamental law of the land is a very serious matter, a matter that requires a good deal of consideration, and I am well convinced that this matter has been weighed and considered for more than a day by the Queen, and that there was no acting on the spur of the moment under the stress of her native subjects about it. It was her well premeditated conclusion that she would change the Constitution, so as to suit herself, on the day of prorogation of the Legislature. Many people knew this several days ago, but there have been so many rumors about all sorts of things, that not very much attention was paid to it; it was expected that she might change her mind before that day would come. But she did not change her mind as soon as that; she told the native people that she was ready to give them a new constitution right then and there, but that she could not do it because her Ministers would not let her. Now she has changed her mind; she makes a sort of excuse for what she did. and says she will never do it again. It seems to me that the question that your committee has to ask now, and which is for you gentlemen here in the meeting to decide is this: Are you satisfied with the assurance given in to-day's proclamation signed by the Queen and the four Ministers, and will you consider this matter ended, or do you desire greater and stronger guarantees for the safety and preservation of your life and liberty and property. I am one of the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety; my views on the situation are expressed in the resolutions which have just been read, and I trust that you will show that you are of the same mind as the committee by adopting these resolutions. Hon. H. P. BALDWIN: I feel with the rest of you, that the actions of the Queen have put the country in a very critical situation. Before this revolutionary act of Her Majesty, we were getting along. A Ministry had been appointed which would 25 probably have been able to pull us through. The McKinley bill had put the whole country into a: critical situation. We were working up new industries. Mr. Dillingham is trying to build a railroad around this island. The Queen seems to have blinded herself to all these things. She has followed a whim of her own-a whim of an irresponsible body of Hawaiians -and tried to establish a new Constitution. We must stop this; but we must not go beyond Constitutional means. I favor the resolution, but think the committee should act within the Constitution. There is no question that the Queen has done a revolutionary act-there is no doubt about that. The Queen's proclamation has not inspired confidence; but shall we not teach her to act within the Constitution? [Loud calls of "No!"] Well, gentlemen, I see that you do not agree with me, I am ready to act when the time comes. J. EMMELUTH wished to say a few words on the situation. He had heard the Queen's speech at the palace, and noted the expression of her face. It was fiendish. When the petitioners filed out he reflected on the fact that thirty men could paralyze the business of the community for twenty-four hours. It was not they that did it, but the schemers behind them, and perhaps a woman too. It was not the Hawaiians that wanted the new Constitution; not those who worked. This was the third time that he had shut his doors, let his men go, and came up to this building. It would be the last time. If we let this time go by we would deserve all we would get. An opportunity came once in every lifetime. It had come to us, and if we finished as we should, a repetition of last Saturday would never occur in this country again. [Applause.] We must stand shoulder to shoulder. There was but one course to pursue, and we would all see it. The manifesto of this morning was bosh. " I won't do it any more; but give me a chance and I'll do it again." That is the real meaning of it. If the Queen had succeeded last Saturday, myself and you would have been robbed of the privi 26 leges without which no white man can live in this community. "Fear not, be not afraid," was written in my Bible by my mother twenty-five years ago. Gentlemen, I have done. As far as the Hawaiians are concerned, I have an aloha for them, and we wish to have laws enabling us to live peaceably together. R. J. GREENE: Fellow citizens-Among the many things 1 never could do was to make an impromptu speech. I have tried it over and over again and never succeeded but once, and that was after five weeks preparation. Our patience has been exhausted. We all agree about the case. The question is the remedy. John Greene of Rhode Island entered the war of the Revolution and served throughout. His son, my father, served through the war of 1812, until that little matter was settled. In 1862, John Greene, my father, stood before a meeting like this, and said he had four sons in the war, of whom I was the youngest, and would serve himself if he was not too old. This experience has biased my judgment as to- some matters of civil government. It is too late to throw obstacles across the path of its progress here. I have adopted this flag and am loyal to it, but I am not willing to go one step back in the matter of civil liberty, and I will give the last drop of Rhode Island blood in my veins to go forward and not back. [ Cheers.] Chairman WILDER read the latter part of the resolution. It was passed by a unanimous standing vote, without a dissenting voice, and amid tremendous cheers, after which the meeting broke up. AT PALACE SQUARE. While the Mass Meeting was in session at the Armory, a counter demonstration was attempted by the Queen's party at Palace Square. The speakers had been carefully coached, and advised to express themselves with the utmost caution. The tone was an unnatural one, and the enthusiasm correspondingly small. A resolution was adopted accepting the royal assurance 27 that she would no longer seek a new constitution by revolutionary means. The same meeting, however, expressed by cheers its approbation of the attempt by the Queen to carry out her coup d'etat, and one of the speakers gave vent to the expression of a wild thirst for bloodshed. MORE COMMITTEE MEETINGS. Immediately after the Mass Meeting a session of the Committee of Public Safety was held. All the members felt that their action had been more than endorsed by the citizens, and that the moment a provisional government was established the foreign community would rally to its support. It should have been mentioned that Marshal Wilson had warned all persons from attending the mass meeting. The indications of approaching trouble were serious, and at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, Minister Stevens deemed it proper to comply with the request of the Committee of Safety, and at the hour naned the ship's Battalion, under Lieutenant Commander William T. Swinburne landed, and troops were stationed for the protection of the Consulate and Legation, while a detachment encamped at Arion Hall. The presence of the troops did much to prevent disorder and to tranquillize the fears of the timid. In the evening the Committee of Safety again convened, and elected the Executive Council and Officers. In the morning, the members of the Executive Council consented to serve, and John H. Soper was induced to accept the responsible position of military chief of the new government. Judge Sanford B. Dole, the new Executive Head, sent his resignation to the Cabinet, and this act was so to speak the first shot of the counter revolution. At 1 P. M., the formation of the Advisory Council was complete, and shortly after the proclamation was signed by the Committee of Safety. The first act of the Provisional Government was then to sign the Commission of J. H. Soper as Commander of the forces. Just as the Committee had 28 fbiui~hd conideinifg thei questionf whenhe cou 0tp should take place, and haid deikded Onl Rinuedat action A shot wa fired &4On Port street, a crowd ran up to the spot, the story flew thrpouh the &6trets " Good has~ shot a policeman,"i~l and the Coxnndittee hadstened to thei Governmeont Buillding. SANFORDO E. DOLE, TuE SHOT ON FORT STREET The shot fired On Fort Stree precipiated the Revolution. Ini Order ito uderstand this event,~ itI is necessary to return a, lUIttl and pick up a inew thread in theb narrative. in the miorniing J Good had heeni apinSftedl ordnance& officer, and in the~ ddhischrg of h i*s duty b~ithcme neceassar for hiin to gather up the gunis and ammn niition aailahle At the ditldreut stores adfd 29 transfer them to the Armory. Half past two in the afternoon was the hour set for the removal bf the ammunition from E. O. Hall & Sons. Mr. Good selected Mr. Benner of Castle & Cooke's to drive the wagon, detailing Edwin Paris and Fritz Rowald as guards. The ammunition had been packed in the morning, the packing having been more or less supervised by some policemen who were hanging around with instructions to watch closely what was going on. At 2:20 Mr. Good proceeded to execute the transfer, and ordered Mr. Benner to drive rapidly out of the rear entrance. As the wagon came out of the gate, a policeman grabbed at the reins and ordered a halt. As the order was disregarded the officer blew his whistle, which was immediately answered by four or five other policemen who came running up and joined in the effort to stop the wagon. The Fort Street car had just crossed King and alongside of it was a dray. This completely barred the progress of the wagon. One of the policemen seized the bit, but was warned off by Mr. Good, revolver in hand. Another endeavored to climb up but received a smart cut with the whip from Mr. Benner. In the meanwhile, two policemen in the rear had been kept off by Paris and Rowald. On the rear platform of the street car were J. A. McCandless and Mr. Martin, the tailor. The latter covered one of the officers, with his revolver, but did not fire. In the meantime came from McCandless on the street car, from E. 0. White at Hall's and others, calls of "Pull, pull." Warned by these, Mr. Good now faced square around. One of the officers was coming up at a run, and when a few feet distant, put his hand behind him as though to draw a revolver. The indications being that some one would be shot, Mr. Good promptly fired and the man fell, with a bullet in the shoulder. This ended the effort to capture the ammunition. The horses started forward, and the wagon proceeded up Fort Street, followed by two policemen in a hack who were kept at a respectful distance by Paris, who levelled his rifle at them. The wagon proceeded 30 up Fort to School Street, and then down Punchbowl to the Armory, where they were glad to see Ziegler's men already in line, THE NEW GOVERNMENT DECLARED. In the meantime the Committee of Public Safety with the members of the Provisional Government had proceeded to the Government Building, Judge Dole and Mr. Cooper leading the way up Merchant St. All the committee were unarmed. When the building was reached inquiry was made for the Ministers, but they were not to be found. Mr. Cooper then made demand upon Mr. Hassinger the chief clerk of the Interior office for possession of the building, and the demand was immediately complied with, there being no force with which any resistance could have been made. The Committee now proceeded to the public entrance, and here Mr. H. E. Cooper read to the gathering crowd the following proclamation: PROCLAMATION. In its earlier history Hawaii possessed a Constitutional Government honestly and economically administered in the public interest. The Crown called to its assistance as advisers able, honest and conservative men whose integrity was unquestioned even by their political opponents. The stability of the Government was assured; armed resistance and revolution unthought of, popular rights were respected and the privileges of the subject from time to time increased and the prerogatives of the Sovereign diminished by the voluntary acts of the successive Kings. With very few exceptions this state of affairs continued until the expiration of the first few years of the reign of His late Majesty Kalakaua. At this time a change was discernable in the spirit animating the chief executive and in the influences surrounding the Throne. A steadily increasing disposition was 31 manifested on the part of the King, to extend the Royal prerogatives; to favor adventurers and persons of no character or standing in the community; to encroach upon the rights and privileges of the people by steadily increasing corruption of electors, and by means of the power and influence of office holders and other corrupt means to illegitimately influence the elections, resulting in the final absolute control of not only the executive and legislative; but to a certain extent the judicial departments of the government, in the interest of absolutism. This finally resulted in the revulsion of feeling and popular uprising of 1887 which wrested from the King a large portion of his ill-gotten powers. The leaders of this movement were not seeking personal aggrandisement, political power or the suppression of the native government. If this had been their object it could easily have been accomplished, for they had the absolute control of the situation. Their object was to secure responsible government through a representative Cabinet, supported by and responsible to the people's elected representatives. A clause to this effect was inserted in the Constitution and subsequently enacted by law by the Legislature, specifically covering the ground that, in all matters concerning the State the Sovereign was to act by and with the advice of the Cabinet and only by and with such advice. The King willingly agreed to such proposition, expressed regret for the past, and volunteered promises for the future. Almost from the date of such agreement and promises, up to the time of his death, the history of the Government has been a continual struggle between the King on the one hand and the Cabinet and the Legislature on the other, the former constantly endeavoring by every available form of influence and evasion to ignore his promises and agreements and regain his lost powers. 32 This conflict upon several occasions came to a crisis, followed each time by submission on the part of His Majesty, by renewed expressions of regret and promises to abide by the constitutional and legal restrictions in the future. In each instance such promise was kept until a further opportunity presented itself, when the conflict was renewed in defiance and regardless of all previous pledges. Upon the accession of Her Majesty Liliuokalani, for a brief period the hope prevailed that a new policy would be adopted. This hope was soon blasted by her immediately entering into conflict with the existing Cabinet, who held office with the approval of a large majority of the Legislature, resulting in the triumph of the Queen and the removal of the Cabinet. The appointment of a new Cabinet subservient to her wishes and their continuance in office until a recent date gave no opportunity for further indication of the policy which would be pursued by Her Majesty until the opening of the Legislature in May of 1892. The recent history of that session has shown a stubborn determination on the part of Her Majesty to follow the tactics of her late brother, and in all possible ways to secure an extension of the royal prerogatives and an abridgment of popular rights. During the latter part of the session, the Legislature was replete with corruption; bribery and other illegitimate influences were openly utilized to secure the desired end, resulting in the final complete overthrow of all opposition and the inauguration of a Cabinet arbitrarily selected by Her Majesty in complete defiance of constitutional principles and popular representation. Notwithstanding such result the defeated party peacefully submitted to the situation. Not content with her victory, Her Majesty proceeded on the last day of the session to arbitrarily arrogate to herself the GOVERMENT IBUILD110 OIUJLU. i At I: 33 right to promulgate a new Constitution, which proposed among other things to disfranchise over one-fourth of the voters and the owners of nine-tenths of the private property of the Kingdom, to abolish the elected upper House of the Legislature and to substitute in place thereof an appointive one to be appointed by the Sovereign. The detailed history of this attempt and the succeeding events in connection therewith is given in the report of the Committee of Public Safety to the citizens of Honolulu, and the Resolution adopted at the Mass Meeting held on the 16th inst., the correctness of which report and the propriety of which resolution are hereby specifically affirmed. The constitutional evolution indicated has slowly and steadily, though reluctantly, and regretfully, convinced an overwhelming majority of the conservative and responsible members of the community that independent, constitutional, representative and responsible government, able to protect itself from revolutionary uprisings and royal aggression is no longer possible in Hawaii under the existing system of Government. Five uprisings or conspiracies against the Government have occurred within five years and seven months. It is firmly believed that the culminating revolutionary attempt of last Saturday will, unless radical measures are taken, wreck our already damaged credit {broad and precipitate to final ruin our already overstrained financial condition; and the guarantees of protection to life, liberty and property will steadily decrease and the political situation rapidly grow worse. In this belief, and also in the firm belief that the action hereby taken is, and will be for the best personal, political and property interests of every citizen of the land. We, citizens and residents of the Hawaiian Islands, organized and acting for the public safety and the common good, hereby proclaim as follows: 1. The Hawaiian Monarchical system of Government is hereby abrogated. 34 2. A Provisional Government for the control and management of public affairs and the protection of the public peace is hereby established, to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been negotiated and agreed upon. 3. Such Provisional Government shall consist of an Executive Council of Four Members, who are hereby declared to be S. B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, W. 0. SMITH, Who shall administer the Executive Departments of the Government, the first named acting as President and Chairman of such Council and administering the Department of Foreign Affairs, and the others severally administering the Department of Interior, Finance and Attorney-General, respectively, in the order in which they are above enumerated, according to existing Hawaiian Law as far as may be consistent with this Proclamation; and also of an Advisory Council which shall consist of fourteen members who are hereby declared to be S. M. DAMON, A. BROWN, L. A. THURSTON, J. F. MORGAN, J. EMMELUTH, H. WATERHOUSE, J. A. McCANDLESS, E. D. TENNEY, F. W. McCHESNEY, F. WILHELM, W. R. CASTLE, W. G. ASHLEY, W. C. WILDER, C. BOLTE, 35 Such Advisory Council shall also have general legislative authority. Such Executive and Advisory Councils shall, acting jointly, have power to remove any member of either Council and to fill such or any other vacancy. 4. All officers under the existing Government are hereby requested to continue to exercise their functions and perform the duties of their respective offices, with the exception of the following named persons: QUEEN LILIUOKALANI, CHARLES B. WILSON, Marshal, SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs, W. H. CORNWELL, Minister of Finance, JOHN F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior, ARTHUR P. PETERSON, Attorney-General, who are hereby removed from office. 5. All Hawaiian Laws and Constitutional principles not inconsistent herewith shall continue in force until further order of the Executive and Advisory Councils. (Signed) HENRY E. COOPER, Chairman, ANDREW BROWN, THEODORE F. LANSING, JOHN EMMELUTH, C. BOLTE, ED. SUHR, HENRY WATERHOUSE, W. C. WILDER, F. W. McCHESNEY, WM. O. SMITH, LORRIN A. THURSTON, WM. R. CASTLE, J. A. McCANDLESS, Committee of Safety. HONOLULU, H. I., January 17th, 1893. 36 During the reading of the Proclamation armed adherents of the government began to gather, and it is stated that Oscar White was the first maln in the grounds with a gun. By the time that the reading was finished, Capt. Ziegler reached the spot with his men. THE VOLUNTEER FORCES. The Armory on Beretania street was the spot selected for the assembling of the volunteers, and here, arms and ammunition were furnished to those who required them. The first body of men who were ready for active work was a company composed of German citizens who were under command of Captain Charles Ziegler. They were at the spot about 2:30 o'clock,-just one half hour earlier than the appointed time, but they were soon joined by two companies which were rapidly formed until a good sized detachment was made up. The last mentioned companies were under the command of George C. Potter and J. H. Fisher. Each man was armed with a rifle and had a cartridge belt around his waist. When they were mustered together, an order came from Commander J. H. Soper to march at once to the Government Building to prevent any possible uprising. The oompanies at once repaired in squads to Aliiolani Hale. Orders were given to clear the yard and sentries were at the gates to prevent outsiders from entering. As soon as it was generally known about town. that a new government was established, citizens of all classes rallied to its support and before night fall, four companies under arms were organized to uphold the new order and carry it through. During the afternoon a temporary military organization was formed with J. H. Soper at the head. He named as his aids George F. McLeod, D. B. Smith, John Good, Fred. Wundenberg and J. H. Fisher. Captains Hugh Gunn, George C. Potter, Charles Ziegler and J. M. Camara Jr., were placed in command of the different companies. 37 Pickets were at once stationed. all over the city to carry out the provisions of Martial Law which had been proclaimed by the new government. After the reading of the Proclamation, the new government at once took possession of the Treasury and all the departments. The following orders were issued: HONOLULU, H. I., Jan. 17, 1893. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Order No. 1.] All persons favorable to the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands are nereby requested to forthwith report to the Government at the Government Building to furnish the Government such arms and ammunition as they may have in their possession or control, as soon as possible, in order that efficient and complete protection to life and property and the public peace may immediately and efficiently be put into operation. [Signed] SANFORD B DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, W. O. SMITH. Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. JOHN EMMELUTH, ANDREW BROWN, C. BOLTE, JAMES F. MORGAN, HENRY WATERHOUSE, S. M. DAMON, 38 W. G. ASHLEY, E. D. TENNEY, F. W. McCHESNEY, W. C. WILDER, J. A. McCANDLESS, W. R. CASTLE, LORRIN A. THURSTON, F. J. WILHELM. Advisory Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. HONOLULU, H. I., Jan. 17, 1893. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Order No. 2.1 It is hereby ordered and decreed that until further ordered, the right of the writ of habeas corpus is hereby suspended, and martial law is hereby declared to exist throughout the Island of Oahu. SANFORD B. DOLE, Minister of Foreign Affairs. J. A. KING, Minister of the Interior. P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance. WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General. Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. 39 THE ROYALIST SURRENDER. The Cabinet were summoned to surrender the Palace, Police Station and Barracks. They endeavored to gain time, but the Provisional Government insisted upon an immediate unconditional surrender. The Police Station was accordingly given up at once, the Queen retiring from the Palace and the barracks being taken into possession the next day. The Cabinet noted the following protest: I, LILIUOKALANI, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps' the loss of life, I do under this protest and impelled by said force yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall upon the facts being presented to it undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the Constitutional Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands. Done at Honolulu this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893. (Signed) LILIUOKALANI, R. (Signed) SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs. (Signed) WM. H. CORNWELL, Minister of Finance. 40 (Signed) JNO. F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior. (Signed) A. P. PETERSON, Attorney General. To S. B. DOLE, Esq., and others composing the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. [Endorsed.] Received by the hands of the late Cabinet this 17th day of January, 1893. (Signed) SANFORD B. DOLE. Chairman of Executive Council of Provisional Government. BUSY DAYS. Wednesday the 8th, was another busy day about the Government Building. Recruits kept constantly pouring in from all quarters until about 500 names were enrolled which spontaneous action on the part of the citizens proved that the new government had the sympathy and support of the general conmunity. In the meantime the taking of the barracks and the Police Station furnished the government with a large amount of ammunition and arms which were immediately distributed among the forces of the government. The Interior of the Government Building was transforned into a barracks through the efforts of N. W. Hall, who had been appointed commissary. Beds and bedding were supplied for the men and arrangements were mnade with the different hotels to provide food for the volunteers. The legislative hall and other roomns in the building were assigned as quarters for the members of the different companies and everything possible was done for their comfort. For days everything went along with military precision 41 and on the 23rd the Executive and Advisory Councils of the government decided to organize a National Guard of four companies, one company to be a permanent force under pay and to consist of 100 men, while three companies were to be volunteers. On the same day commissions were issued to J. H. Soper as the Commander of the Forces with the rank of Colonel, John Good as captain, and Arthur Coyne as 1st Lieutenant. On the 24th, the active work of enlisting men for the permanent force commenced in Arion Hall where Chief Justice Judd, Associate Justice Bickerton and Circuit Judges Whiting and Frear were present to administer the oath of allegiance. On the same day additional appointments were made as follows: J. H. Fisher as Lieutenant Colonel; George F. McLeod as Major; W. W. Hall as Quartermaster; W. P. Tilden as Ordnance Officer; Ira A. Burgess as Second Lieutenant of the regular forces. On the same evening at the Government Building an important event took place when the three volunteer military companies were organized. Each company will probably consist of 100 men. They will be uniformed and armed with rifles and as soon as possible meeting places will be provided for the companies. Following is the list of officers: Co. A.-Capt., C. W. Ziegler; 1st Lieut., A. Gartenberg; 2d Lieut., Karl Klenmme. Co. B.-Capt., Hugh Gunn; 1st Lieut., Arthur Brown; 2d Lieut., L. T. Kenake. Co. C.-Capt., J. NM. Camara, Jr.; 1st Lieut., J. M. Vivas; 2d Lieut., A. G. Silva, Jr. THE BOSTON MEN. The battalion from the Boston was composed as follows: Marine Guard. —lst Lieutenant, H. L. Draper commanding, 30 men armed with Springfield rifles. 42 Artillery Company.-Lieut. Lucien commanding, 34 men with two gattlings. First Company Infantry, Lieut. Charles Laird commanding, 34 men armed with Lee rifles. Second Company Infantry, Lieut. D. W. Coffman com- manding, 34 men armed with Lee rifles. Adjutant of the Battalion, Lieut. W. R. Rush. When the battalion fell in line it marched up Fort street to the office of Mr. H. \\. Severance; Consul-General for the United States, when a halt was made. One company was detached and sent to guard the American Legation on Nuuanu street A guard was also left at the Consul's office after which the battalion moved out Merchant street to King and came to a halt in front of Mr. J. A. Hopper's residence. About sundown another move was made to Mr. J. B. Atherton's residence in the same street and after a stay of several hours a return march to Arion Hall was made where the battalion made its headquarters for several days. In the meantitme the old Dudoit premises on King street had been prepared for the officers and men and on Thursday, Jan. 19th, they were installed and they have been there ever since. THE NEW GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED. As soon as the Provisional Government was in possession, it sent notifications of the situation to all the representatives of the foreign powers. Recognitions began to pour in as soon as it became clear that the government was a genuine de facto one, until all the Powers had accepted the situation. The list includes Sweden, Germany, the United States, Austro-Hungary, Belgium, Russia, Peru, Italy, the Netherlands, France, England, Japan, China, Portugal, Chili, Denmark, Spain and Mexico. It was also decided to despatch the Claudine to San Francisco with a Commission, empowered to negotiate a treaty of union with the United States. She left this port Thursday morning 43 at about half past nine o'clock for San Francisco with the special commission to Washington on board. The Wilder dock was crowded with people to witness the departure of the vessel, and when she left the dock three hearty cheers were given for Messrs. Thurston, Wilder, W. R. Castle, Marsden and Carter, the gentlemen who compose the special commission. Many prominent citizens were present on the dock to bid the gentlemen good luck and a successful mission. Captain Cameron, in command of the Claudine, expected to reach San Francisco in less than eight days. The vessel had been carefully guarded for a couple of days previously to prevent any stowaways from getting on board, and on her departure a thorough search was made but the vessel was free from unwelcome persons. THE MEN WHO DID IT. The foregoing sketch, brief as it is, would not be complete without a word or two as to the character of the men who have brought the cause to a successful issue. Of Lorrin A. Thurston, it is not necessary to speak. His indomitable resolution and energy are recognized by all as prime factors in the movement. The proclamation, which may well be called the new charter of Hawaiian liberty, he dictated from a sick bed, but its ringing words have nothing in them but the health and strength of full manhood. The fact that Sanford B. Dole is the executive head of the government has furnished from the begining, one of the strongest guarantees of its success. No man in all the Hawaiian Commonwealth is the object of more universal respect. He stands for equity, for moderation, for prudence and for firmness as well, in all the actions of the Executive. The Military Department possesses a thoroughly reliable head in John H. Soper. The pluck and determination of J. Good, Captain of the Regulars who fired the first and last shot of the Revolution, have been invaluable to the cause. Captain Ziegler with his Germans has been a host, and the zeal of 44 Capts. Gunn and Camara, of the Volunteers, who have devoted day and night to the service, as wvell as the officers on the Commander's staff, is above praise. With the Police Station in the charge of Fred Wundenberg, during the first doubtful and trying days, every one felt that stronghold was safe, No attempt is made here even to enumerate more than a fraction of those who have served the cause with devotion. Many of those chiefly worthy of mention must pass unnamed. The host of volunteers, though their roll is not called here will' not be forgotten, for their service though humbler, is not less necessary than the service of the leaders. The revolution is over, and as this pamphlet goes to press, there is nothing to indicate a danger from any quarter. The government is well established, its course is just and conciliatory, and everyone feels that the reins are in the hands of mren who can be trusted. Four or five hundred volunteers are ready to rally to the government at a moment's notice, and others can be obtained, if the necessity for their services should arise. . r I iii~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I;L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ W; ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I SIR dim ii ig RI hi M j IN A iO OH MP, ER F i Mm jgNj mm SPH MON AM MF So go N ..E El DA DMI EDD, MEEED4D DE E T' DO BE OD ED D D. ETD M E. EDE EIR DD D Dmlm. MDR. .D HH'. M D REDD DEN D, D E ED Dm HE D N DE D 5 Do VW T;Jerome I I D H ED D DE DE DAD lmHuR 5 ND H H DE E DD D H D N GAN E D. H D fi ED D DE D Y E D M D EJ D DE E g D. E DE E DO DE SEU. D E DD El E'. SD HNN E DD OEM H -D E MM D D. ND Ei D 6 E ED EE D E D. 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