:~ ~~~~~~i N D,.s g g g u 5 * 11110 X g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r / / r Ilil.:::i~:S O ~~"""i 1' gX ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ a;; 1 g g '::>::ii~~~~~~~~~~~ ll"1~~~~~~~~.j,,.-j 1611R; lid n W g;g.. 010 di I MW di MM I 'M ml.Ew E iE.1E... n, I NN Ng f N 1 nn M, EM HI.M. EN in In inn. E....k E 'ME HE Ejg NM...EEE NE EMN N NHY N'P N Nq n N. Na P U HE 4NIN IN EM ME ij NA PIPE I .. 1.E EN O M HR Ell HO.. Un. T PIPE k. HNAM nM RN Ni N E nHo MHE n.0 F R ON W1. n in. n EX H Ell NEE HIM i p El In HR HH An HAn N N Hi an Nn nn E K NO PE nE HH E Ellirm ES En G Eq NH n E m E En.00 NE EEV o n z EN P Q EPH. H OR HE ijig. NE N. n En Ma INI uO N ij 'ENE ME -M E Pn NNE EH E E EM E0. jii p i NE IEENii E nNE.- NH M HM d En i APERnK Hn in NE HIP i i InE..1, ii ji E n HN.. on Ng In K E n E iN Mn WEE n. n IN..j mII-12 H nn jE gg NE.. ENE M iN ing EiMNEN NO i NE NE N EN Nni PENNN P in NE Al E. En An M, N PPME NNE Al PP PE i NE in, NO E nmn En E E E E M E..... ii N. I no N MH An nn n NE An. NINE 00 PPRIM P!E M EHH N MM ig E N ENE iNSE R'. a i E M.En E Em NNE M N Hn SHo AENa EHMHH. NEE z MINN.. HR N ENE n P M, in Aii R 2E a NE AN NFR P NE nN n HnE I 1. N N'. Hm E n NH PIN NE HE n i NE E. EWEN WH7 jn NE E C E n M Ni E SS NNn g, No iM H nEn on Hn R1 R N INN n in] H E E An E. IN ". J P,~ r yw - Ri iUr. o I ID~ T75 1 39S5 &l~ ~( * I REASONS OF, WAR. ILLUOKALA NI succeedled Kalakaua as ruler of the islands. Trouble began at once. The Queen wvas brwight, but too ambitious. Sl1w did not like the restrictive, constitution that hiad beeti oworced on Kalokauna. It was proposed b~y he-r to supplant this with at constitution greatly increasinig thre power of the throne. The objections made to th-is resulted1 in whiat is called "the overthrow of 1893." Foreigners, with a conisiderable following of natives ousted Liliuokalani andl set uip a Provi~sionial G3overnmnent. Oinly one shiot wvas fired and it was a very (quiet revolution. Ouit of this grew the 1fepublic. The ex-quceei alppealed to the Un~ited States an(I at on~e tin-e President Clevelanid proposed to restore~ her. He ordered the Provisionial Gov'ermient to step down and out. Mr. Cleveland was defied and lpreparatioiis were made to resist United States miarinies land sailors that happily were not ordered ashgore. Liliuokala,,ni sent a comimission, to Washington in the summer of 1894. M~r. Cleveland said to then ihe could do no(thing. In the fall of 1894 Iplans for the revolution were laid.- Thie ex-qucen is sul)posed. to hiave been behin'd it all. Her agents were men whio had figured in lPublic life in muonarchiical days. With scarcely an exceptioun they had unsavory rccordls. The soldiers of the revolutionists were for the most part dissolute natives eniticedi by liquor. The outcoine of the tighti rg shows thiat, the Republic has come, to stay. It will continue to seek closer political moion withl thle Unlite'd States. The wAar of 1895 is the biggest thinig of the sort thec islanids haive seen since Karaeliameba I -started as a petty chiief and conquered the group. Dbka r 7.5 WHEREFORE OF THE BOOK. r.HIS modest publication is ventured on various requests. It has a revised directory of the Republic's army, constabulary and naval reserve. In the first war book some of the names were spelled wrong. Some names were omitted. The rosters herewith are absolutely correct. All the men who "packed guns" or rendered substantial service are in the lists. In the notes are mention of the ladies. They bravely did more than their share of the work during the trying times. These pages contain a review of the war, a treatise on its causes, an:account of the work of the court martial, correspondence between ex-Queen Liliuokalani and the Republic, mention of other disturbances and an amount of gossip in paragraphs, besides the directory. ED TowsE. t VJIVZflV ona H OVI N $ N ka1.xvl jv R j I iI a ii ii I cEtIl II> ~21~-~I; I;~;~ x,,,i 4,. 4"~i THE ACTUAL WAR. EARLY IN JANUARY, 1895. PRELUDE. LT is comparatively easy now to write of the war with intelligence. Nearly all of the ringleaders made confessions soon after they were captured. Half a score of the rebels have been more than willing to furnish state's evidence. The plan was a sanguine one. It included seizure of the government. People were to be shot down in the streets. Bombs were to be used. Besides the spoils of office there were to be divided estates and business estallishments. PREPARATION. For the purposes of the rebellion twenty-four dozen repeatingW inchester rifles, 30,000 rounds of amunition-44 caliberand 100 pistols were brought from San Francisco in the sealing schooner Wahlberg. Maj. Seward, a G. A. R. man who has been here many years, made the purchase. John A.- Cummins, an aged half-caste planter testified that he understood Seward was to get the money for munitions from a plantation owner on the coast, on the order of Liliuokalani. Sam Nowlein, half caste, was the military genius. His first lieutenant was Robt. Wilcox, half-caste, called "the Hawaiian Garabaldi." He was educated in Italy and led the revolution against Kalakaua in 1889 for Liliuokalani. The army was recruited by selecting leaders of squads and telling natives they would be sent for when wanted. Nowlein says he expected to have 600 men. He actually enrolled about 400. There were two plans of action. No 2 was finally adopted. This was for a massing at Diamond Head. They were then to march upon the town in two mobs. The Executive building was to be surrounded at a respectful distance. Squads of hostiles were to take positions to keep the volunteer militiamen and Citizens' Guards from assembling. Rioting would set in. It was thus expected to force the government to surrender. Pistols and bombs were to be used by friends in town. A large quantity of arms were stored at Liliuokalani's home -Washington Place. Meetings were held by the Big Four of the conspiracy at the home of Chas. T. Gulick, a monarchical cabinet minister, on King street. Nowlein, Rickard and Seward were the callers. W. H. 2 Rickard was formerly a plantation manager on Hawaii. He has long wanted office. Rickard has a wife and sixteen children. Nowlein says he consulted C. W. Ashford, and V. V. Ashford. The former was at one time attorney general and the latter is ex-colonel of the Honolulu Rifles. John F. Bowler, a contractor who made plenty of money in the old days, was to lead a big squad in town. He was to take possession of the telephone office. Tom Walker a stonemason and the man who made the giant powder bombs, was to lead another. George Markham, hall-caste, ex-port surveyor, was to be a captain. Among the other prominent men of battle selected were: Henry Bertlemann, half-caste, contractor. Lot Lane, half-caste, ranchman. Carl Widemann, half-caste, son of Judge Widemann, a wealthy planter, Will Greig, half Tahitian, son of former owner of Fanning's Island. Louis Marshall, only pure foreigner chosen, manager of a harness shop and well connected. John Wise, half-caste educated in the United States. J. W. Bipikane, native agitator, formerly member of the legislature. There were many others whose names have not been disclosed. About Jan. 1, the sealing schooner landed pistols at Rabbit Island, off Kailua and transferred the rifles to the lit. tle tramp island steamer Waimanalo, Davies, master. AN ABORTIVE ATTEMPT. On Thursday night, Jan. 3, an attempt was made to put Plan No. 1 into execution. Half the rifles were to be landed at Kakaako and half at the fish market. Marshal Hitchcock felt that there was something "in the wind." He stationed some specials along the beach. These were "held up" by Greig, Widemann and Marshall. About the same time Detective Larsen learned that natives were gathering in large numbers at the old immigration depot. The meeting was broken up and several arrests were made. Another thing that forced postponement was inability of the Waimanalo to reach the fish market on account of the Dredger's position. At this time the authorities had no idea of the amount of the movement. REAL CAMPAIGNING. ARMS LANDED-GATHERING OF REBELS-OUTBREAK PRECIPITATED-KILLING OF CHAS. L. CARTER-AN ANXIOUS NIGHT FOLLOWED BY A DAY OF BATTLING. ARLY on the afternoon of Sunday, Jan. 6, Nowlein sent word to trusted assistants that the uprising must begin at 2 o'clock the next morning. No better hour could have been selected. The order from Nowlein was for field squad leaders and their men to assemble at Kaalawai, the home of Antone Rosa, half-caste attorney, around Diamond Head from town. The men who meant business started at once. Recruits were gathered on the way. Some were lured by promises of feasting and drinking. Some were picked up in Kapiolani Park and forced along at the pistol point. The rifles had been landed from the Waimanalo and buried in the sand near Kaalawai. They were taken up and cleaned. Each recruit was provided with two or three belts of cartridges. The pistols were brought into town from Rabbit Island the week before. Nowlein had in his camp some bombs to be used at close quarters. During Sunday a number of residents and tourists out walking for pleasure were made prisoners by the insurgents. The rebels took possession of the signal station and destroyed the telephone. They also drink a lot of gin and whisky. KILLING OF CARTER. Henry Bertelmann's place is on the town side of Diamond Head. Some arms had been stored there. Wilcox sent a squad including Lot Lane and two brothers, to guard the premises. A spy had reported the arms to the marshal and Deputy Brown, Capt. Parker and a half a dozen native police were sent to make a search. Brown was reading the warrant to Bertelmann in the house when shooting began outside. Bertleman said he knew nothing about it. J. B. Castle, Chas. L. Carter and Alfred Carter had followed the police to the place. In the yard Brown found a battle. Bullets were flying fast. Chas. L. Carter fell with two wounds and lived but a few hours, Holi, police lieutenant, was shot in the body, but recovered, another native officer had an arm bone shattered. Chas. Carter was taken to the house. Jas. B. Castle remained with him. Parker brought two Lane boys in as prisoners. Alfred Carter started for a doctor and Brown 4 and Parker left to call reinforcements. All were fired upon as they left the house. Second and third squads had come from the camp of Wilcox. These fired into the house. The native policeman guarding the prisoners threatened to kill Bertlemann unless the shooting cease and it was stopped. When Alfred Carter returned with Dr. Walters they were fired upon and forced back. MILITIA IN THE FIELD. A detail of E Co., N. G. H., had been sent from the garrison in command of Lieut. King. The rebels retired from Bertlemann's as the soldiers came up. J. B. Castle, who is collector general was relieved from his perilous position. About this time Deputy Brown returned. Capt. Parker, upon whose head royalists had placed a price, was followed into the brush and did not make his escape till daylight. Dr. Murray accompanied by Dr. Walters and Chester A. Doyle, Japanese interpreter, came from San Souci hotel. Chas. L. Carter was removed to his home and Holi and the policeman to the hospital. At daylight the hostiles opened fire on Bertelnann's from ravines of Diamond Head. There were about seventy of them. Wilcox and Lot Lane used heavy rifles, the rest the small Winchesters. Lieut. King scent out to engage them. They had the position and he could do nothing. Under heavy fire the militia was forced back. In the course of the day-Mondaythe rebels on Diamond Head were shelled out. Capt. J. W. Pratt operated a field piece on them from the deck of the tug Eleu. Lieut. Coyne-King's senior -went out with more men and a cannon with Mr. Rhodes as gunner. The army and the navy routed the rebels from their fort by tl;e time of dusk, The report was that five natives were killed. Not a man in the government force was injured. Several hundred shots were exchanged. BATTLE OF MOILIILI. Nowlein had started Sunday night with a big party for Punchbowl hill, over-looking the town. Early in the morning Marshal Hitchcock had sent a party of thirty-five under Capt. Murray to head off a detour of this sort. Murray and his men were fired into at close range from behind stone walls and the cover of heavy under-brush. A couple of bombs were thrown at them and they thought it was canister. It was an ambush and they had to retreat. Lieut. Col. Fisher sent to the relief of Capt. Murray, F Co., N. G. H., Capt. Ziegler, six sharpshooters and a field piece with L. M. Johnson as gunner. Then ensued a genuine engagement. Zeigler established a line of battle along the Moiliili road and answered fire from both sides. Bullets dropped all around the soldiers for an hour. There were many acts of conspicuous bravery. Finally the main body of rebels was located among rock in a small extinct crater. It took about fifteen shells to dislodge them. They would "pop" out and shoot after an explosion. Nowlein commanded the enemy. With him were Greig, Widemann and Marshall. Zeigler sent Lieut. Ludewig to make a flank sortie. Ludewig was wounded in the thigh. This was one of the last rebel shots of the day. There were seven in the first party to surrender. They kept coming in with white flags till there were thirty-three prisoners and seventeen guns. The sharpshooters in this engagement were Frank Clifford, 5 Secretary Scott of the Board of Educa- for the enemy and following up rumors. tion, D. W. Corbett, secretary of the Y. It was an active, nervous day for all. M. C. A., Jos. Marsden, L. L. McCand- Troops went over the ground from Moless and Wm. J. Forbes. Minister iliili road to the foothills atd from the Damon was on the field. Maj. Potter road to Diamond Head. A few prisoners rode up and down the battle line. The were taken and many guns were picked report is that three native rebels were up. Twenty rifles that had never been killed. This battle practically broke fired were found in a little fort near the back-bone of the uprising. Waialae. Scores of the people off the field had a The battle of Manoa, Wednesday better view of this fight than parti- evening, shbttered the rebellion corncipants. Lieut. Col. Fisher at head- pletely. The forces were Co. A, N.G.H., quarters had minute reports from the under Capt. Paul Smtlh, a detail from observatory station on the tower of the Co. D, N.G.H., under Lieut. Jones, with Executive building. Powerful glasses Gunner Johnson and field piece, and the were used here and a telephone had entire company of Sharpshooters under been fixed to the flag staff. From the Capt. John Kidwell. Negative-Probmoment the field piece was brought into ably seventy-five rebels under Robt. action the government forces advanced. Wilcox and Lot Lane. These were on The ground was not at all adapted to the way to the high peaks, where they an agressive movement. The lantana hoped to hold out and make terms with is a heavy hedge brush and is very thick the government. in this locality. It has thorns and with Wilcox made quite a stand, first enall this in many places it was like a wall. gaging Co. A. He wanted to best them A bullet fired into the lantana would and get their heavy rifles. The enemy travel but a short distance. The Re- was under cover. The loyal forces were public's corps had no ideaof the strength in the open. Wilcox did not retire for of the enemy and every man in the some time after the Sharpshooters and loyal ranks showed fine courage. The artillery arrived. D'sdetail came around rebels gave way slowly. In the extinct from Punchbowl in as quick time as ever crater they found an excellent natural made. The Sharpshooters marched fort and the attempt to hold it evi- from town at double quick. It became denced a desperate madness. too warm for the rebel leader. He left IN TOWN. ten men behind as a cover and went Martial Law had been declared early into Pauoa vallt, Two natives came Monday morning. Navigation was in under a white flag. One of these stopped, public and private business had an ear cut by a bullet. They led suspended. During the week about 300 the way to where a third was dead with persons were arrested. The Citizen's a bullet in his brain. During the enGuard, a splendidly organized body gagement a long skirmish line was under command of Frank B. McStocker, maintained. Firing did not cease until patrolled the town, leaving the militia to an hour after darkness had fallen. operate outside. While firing was on bullets dropped all BATTLE OF MANOA. around the loyal forces, but none were Tuesday was given up to searching injured. 6 At Manoa, as at Diamond Head and Moiliili, the insurgents had the advantage of position. They were above the Republic's force and well sheltered by timber, brush and rocks. The artillery company, at great peril, occupied a bald knob. To advance effectively it was necessary for Sharpshooters and Co. A men to be often in the open. The rebels were poor marksmen, and besides had very little desire to fight after Co. A, was reinforced. Manoa valley ends in what is called "the pen." It has walls with a trail into Pauoa valley. Over this path the rebels fled. During this engagement Wilcox fired at some of his dwn men who started to surrender. In the hurry of his retreat Wilcox left the cloak of his Italian uniform. This is the suit he wore in the uprising of 1889. KILLED IN PAUOA. Troops and police were moving all the time. Thursday was without results. It was supposed that the rebels were scattered, but this was by no means certain. A native was killed within the lines of Lieut. King's camp on Thursday night. The man probably wanted to surrender, but did not know how. He called out "Hands up," meaning that his hands were up. Two sentries fired. One bullet struck the rebel in the head, the other pierced his heart. MOVEMENTS OF TROOPS. Following, from diary of Friday, Jan. 11, shows that the forces were effectively utilized. Company A, Capt. Smith, in Makiki valley. Company B, Capt. Wall, still in the neighborhood of mount Tantalus. Company C, half in Nuuanu valley with Capt. Camara; half back of Punchbowl with Lieut. Costa. Company D, Capt. Wilder in the garrison after two days and nights in the field. Company E, half with Lieut. Coyne at the head of Pauoa, half with Lieut. King below Coyne's command. Company F, Capt. Zeigler, at the head of Manoa valley. Sharpshooters, Capt. Kidwell, at rendezvous after traversing ridges on either side of Pauoa valley. Murray's squad, in Palolo valley. Native police under Brown and Parker, outfitting to scour hills, which they did on Saturday, Sunday and Monday. Citizen's Guard, at town posts, with double line of sentries in Nuuanu valley to Pali. Cecil Brown's squad guarding Waimanalo pass. W Wm. Henry's squad working the country about Kaneohe. W. J. Lowrie's squad in the Waianae mountains. Squads under Judge Cooper, C. A. Brown, W. E. Rowell and others working the Waialae mountains. And this was about the disposition of the forces when the war ended by the surrender of leaders. TAKING THE LEADERS. CAPTURE OF NOWLEIN, GREIG, WIDEMANN, MARSHALL, WILCOX AND LOT LANE-NO RESISTANCE. WEEK of war was more than enough for Nowlein, Greig, Widemann and Marshall. They were brought to the police station at noon Monday, Jan. 14. Capt. Parker was in the hills. He had learned of a native who knew, the hiding place of the quartette. Marshal Hitchcock and Henry Waterhouse arrested the man. Under questioning of Chief Justice Judd and W. A. Kinney, Paiaina Nalua yielded the desired information. IHe told of the woman who knew. A large force was sent to the vicinity. The woman's son was threatened and she told. The lad carried into the brush a message for the prominent insurgents. They were told to surrender or resist an assault. Out they came, meek as lambs Oid extending hands to acquaintances. Lr v were dirty and bedraggled. Their 'lothes were torn and faces andl hands scratched. Marshall, a mere boy, was the only one able to summon a smile. Ile whistled on the way to town. The scene of capture was very near Kanewai springs, but a few miles from the business portion of the city. The location is between the Moiliili battle field and Honolulu. On the previous Wednesday the general and staff had fled after Zeigler brought the cannon into action. They went into the foothills in the late afternoon. That night they slipped in and made camp where they were taken. The men hoped to get word to friends and through assistance escape in a boat to another Island. There were wild scenes in town for a couple of hours after the surrender of Nowlein and the trio. Thousands flocked to the police station eager to catch glimpses of the men who had essayed to overthrow the Republic. With the exception of Nowlein the prisoners were kept in close confinement until called for trial before the Military Conmissilon. Nowlein, after several interviews, agreed, if allowed his life, to make a clean breast of the conspiracy. A bargain was made. Notwithstanding the fact that Capt. Davies and several others had eagerly made statements, Nowlein's knowledge was essential to reach the bottom of the plot. le was the trusted personal agent of Liliuokalani. WILCOX A PRISONER. Five hours after Nowlein, Greig, Widemnann and Marshall were taken, 8 Robt. Wilcox was placed in a cell on the same floor at the station. He was arrested under rather peculiar circumstances. The police were operating on about three theories. One was that Wilcox was in the mountains with a party ready to fight to the last. Another was that he was in a neighboring district recruiting a force. The favorite idea was that he was in the city trying to get passage to another part of the group. This last surmise proved to be correct. He had reached a small house on the beach in Iwilei, not far from Oahu prison. Chas. Hopkins, who owns the place, told the authorities Wilcox was there. Luther Wilcox (no relation of the rebel) and C. A. Brown were placed in charge of a police squad. The others were Messrs. Scott, Leslie, L. L. McCandless, Ouderkirk and Warson. All were armed with rifles and six-shooters. A hack had preceded the officers to the neighborhood. Men were being placed to cover the house when Wilcox walked out rapidly and stepped into the cab. The capture was then accdmplished by a rush. Wilcox affected great indignation. He said he was just going to drive up to see Attorney General Smith. He was at once escorted to the presence of that official. Wilcox looked in the face like a hunted coyote. He was exhausted with anxiety and movement and besides thought he was to be killed at once. He offered to make a complete disclosure, but the authorities did not care to hear his story. In the second day of his confinement the professional revolutionist broke down completely and wept like a child. He never did recover his spirits. When driven from Manoa on Wednesday the 9th, Wilcox continued to travel with ten men. They crossed Pauoa and Nuuanu valleys and came into town down Kalihi valley. The ten followers scattered to their houses. Most of them were arrested afterwards. It had long been the boast of Wilcox and friends that the natives would flock to his support in any peril. The only friend he had was a half-caste woman. Wilcox reported that Lot Lane was in the hills with fifty men. LOT LANE JAILED. After Wilcox was behind the bars the government really wanted but one more man. This was Lot Lane. Trouble was expected with him and there was caution in the hunt. On the night of Wednesday the 17th, Lane called at the house of a relative in Manoa. He had beexi in that valley all the time. He wanted to surrender, being completely starved down and worn out. At noon that day Lane had heard the salute fired in honor of the birthday of the Provisional Government. He thought this meant that the martial law reign was ended. Lane did not learn his mistake until in town. He was brought to the station and introduced to the Marshal by A. Montana, of the Citizen's Guard. Ile said he saw it was no use to offer battle further against drilled troops and artillery. Lane is a frank fellow. Said he: "I went into this thing with my eyes open and on principle. We are whipped and I only hope that none of my fi ends on either side are hurt." Lot Lane it said by many to be the finest specimen of physical manhood on the Islands. He is over six feet tall, beautifully proportioned, with fine features and great strength. Lane's father claims to be a descendant of the kings of Ireland and they declare that the mother has in her veins Kamehameha blood. EX-QUEEN ARRESTED. LILIUOKALANI MADE A PRISONER-SEARCII OF HER PREMISES-HIER IE~TTER1 TO THE GOVERNMENT AND THE REPLY. (HE ex-queen was on Wednesday, Jan. 16, made a prisoner. She was confined in what had been the Auditor-General's office at the Executive building. When she was mistress of the place one of the princes, a nephew of Kapiolani, widow of Kalakaua had the room. The arrest of Liliuokalani created a tremendous sensation. There was no demonstration looking to her release. The Provisional Government had been urged to dispose of her in this manner, but did not consider it advisable. The arrest was made very quietly at 10 o'clock in the morning by Deputy Marshal Brown and Captain Parker. An order was sent at 9:30 o'clock from the office of Adjutant-General Soper to Marshal Hitchcock. It was to arrest Liliuokalani Dominis "forthwith and deliver her to Lieut. Col. Fisher, commanding the military, at the Executive building, immediately." Deputy Brown and Capt. Parker reported in a few minutes to a cabinet meeting then in progress to ask if tlere were any special instructions. None were given. They left at once for Washington place with two hacks. There were a number of native guards around the I)oIninis house. Thcse did not even challenge the police. The mistress of the house lhad no visitors inside. Liliuokalani was lying (down in her bed chamber. She came into a larger room to meet the officers. Capt. Parker spoke to the ex-queen, saying that he had an order for her arrest. Mrs. Dominiis has always been rated a strong woman. It was more than half expected she would resist. She did not faint, or cry, or start back, or give any evidence of weakness. The woman who made Hawaii politically what it became, merely said: "All right; I will go." In a very few mninutes Liliuokalani had made her toilet. She was dressed entirely in black. She was seated beside Deputy Brown with Captain Parker in front with the driver. Mrs. Chas. Clark, who had been a lady in waiting all the time, took the second cab, occupying it alone. She had a hand satchel. Mrs. 1)ominis brought no baggage at all. Only a very few people knew what IO was going on. The native guards were thoroughly frightened and in trembling silence looked on, dismayed. When the party passed Central Union Church and the Hawaiian Hotel a few at either place caught a glimpse of the woman who had worn the purple, but could scarcely believe that Liliuokalani was actually a prisoner charged with conspiracy. Officers and the prisoner and Mrs. Clark were driven rapidly to the Richards street entrance. The final stop was made at the mauka steps to the Executive building. Mrs. Dominis, escorted by Deputy Brown, Lieut. Col. Fisher and Captain Parker walked slowly up the iron stairway, along the hall, then up the carpeted koa staircase. In the hall on the second floor there was a brief pause. Strangely enough, it was directly beneath a magnificent life-size oil painting of the prisoner. The woman looked straight ahead. Members of the Cabinet and others attending the meeting across the hall came to the doorways. Mrs. Dominis had in one hand a white linen handkerchief. She was not weeping, but did wipe a few tears from her eyes. Then she disappeared in her prison. Everybody about the Executive building breathed a sigl of relief. They felt in the air the beginning of the end. Down town the news of the arrest was scarcely credited at all at first. AN ARSENAL AND PAPERS. No time was lost in making a search of Washington Place, the home of the ex-queen. Police captured it at dusk on the day of her arrest. Next morning the secrets disclosed startled the comn munity. Washington place was guarded by thirty-five men detailed by Nowlein. These surrendered without striking a blow. The "mine" at Washington Place was four feet under ground back of the house. Here were found: Twenty-one giant powder bombs. Thirty-four rifles. Eleven revolvers. Five swords. Thirty-eight belts filled with rifle cartridges. Eight belts filled with pistol cartridges. About 1000 rounds of amunition loose. Sixteen shells of bombs were made of cement. Four were iron and there was one large bomb with a cocoanut shell. A fragment of one of the cement shells was found on the writing desk of Liliuokalani. DOCUMENTS. It was learned the Liliuokalani had destroyed a large quantity of papers so soon as it was seen that the uprising was a failure. Considerable memorandum was fouvd and in the course of the court martial trials something was learned of the documents. It was ascertained positively that commissions had been signed by the ex-queen as follows: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Premier-Robt. W. Wilcox. Minister of the Interior-Sam Nowlein. Minister of Finance-Chas. T. Gulick. Attorney-General-C. W. Ashford. Governor of Oahu-A. S. Cleghorn. Governor of Hawaii-Jos. Nawahi. Governor of Maui-David Kawananakoa. Governor of Kauai-J. Kalanianaole. Justices of the Supreme Court-Antone Rosa and V. V. Ashford, II Kawananakoa and Kalanianaole are cutive Building, and acting in conformthe nephews of Kapiolani and have ity with their advice and a'so upon my been called princes. Jos. Nawahi is a own free volition, and in pursuance of native politician. He had been il jail my unalterable belief and understandsome weeks charged with conspiracy ing of my duty to the People of when the war broke out. A. S. Cleg- Iawaii and to their highest and best inhorn is the father of Princess Kaiulani. terests, and also for the sake of those He stands very well in the community. misguided Hawaiians and others who Antone Rosa is a half-caste attorney. have recently engaged in rebellion Among other papers at Washington against the Republic, and in an attempt Place there was found a war letter to to restore me to the position of Queen Wilcox from a friend on the coast. It which I held prior to the Seventeenth had been sent in November and quoted day of January, 1893, and without any a Hotckiss gun at $1400. The writer claim that I shall become entitled by offered to enlist men for rebel service at reason of anything that I may now say Vancouver, B. C. or do, to any other or differenttreatment Kaae testified that he had copied at or consideration at the hands of the Washington place a constitution for the Government than I otherwise could and new government. There was to be a might legally receive, I now desire to monarchy with only slight restrictions. express and make known, and do hereby Chas. T. Gulick had prepared the draft, express and make known to yourself, as well as blank forms of commission, as the only lawful and recognized head a proclamation of martial law and a of the Government, and to all the people call to citizens to assemble and take an of the Hawaiian Islands, whether or not oath to support the monarchy. they have yet becone citizens of the Republic, cr are or have been adherents of RENUNCIATION AND REPLY. the late Monarchy, and also to all diChas. B. Wilson, ex-marshal, was plomatic and other foreign representnamed by the ex-queen as lher agent. atives in the Hawaiian Islands, to all of She called as attorney Judge A. S. whom I respectfully request you to Hartwell and advised with such men as cause this statement and action of mine Wm. G. Irwin and Judge H. A. Wide- to be made known as soon as may be, mann. The following highly interest- as follows, namely: ing correspondence was had between First-In order to avoid any possibilLiliuokalani Dominis, the prisoner, and ity of doubt or misunderstanding on the Republic: the subject, although I do not think ISLAND OF OAHU, HONOLULU, that any doubt or misunderstanding is January 24th, 1895.i either proper or possible, I hereby do To THE HONORABLE SANFORD BALLARD fully and unequivocally admit and deDOLE, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC clare that the Government of the OF HAWAII. Republic of Hawaii is the lawful SIR:-After full and free consultation Government of the Hawaiian with my personal friends, and with my Islands, and that the late legal advisers, both before and since my Hawaiian Monarchy is finally and detention by military order in the Exe- forever ended and no longer of anyllegal 12 or actual validity, force or effect whatsoever; and I do hereby forever absolve all persons whomsoever, whether in the Hawaiian Islands or elsewhere, from all and every manner of allegiance, or official obligation, or duty to me and my heirs and successors forever, and I hereby declare to all such persons in the Hawaiian Islands, that I consider them as bound in duty and honor henceforth to support and sustain the Government of the Republic of Hawaii. Second-For myself, my heirs and successors, I do hereby and without any mental reservation or modification, and fully, finally, unequivocally,irrevocably and forever abdicate, renounce and release unto the Government of the Republic of Hawaii and its legitimate successors forever, all claims or pretensions haLseever to the late throne of Hawaii, or to the late Monarchy of Hawaii, or to any past, or to the existing, or to any future Government of Hawaii, or under or by reason of any present or formerly existing Constitution, statute, laws, position, right or claim of any and every kind, name and nature whatsoever, and whether the same consists of pecuniary or property considerations or of personal status, hereby forever renoucing, disowning and disclaiming all riglts, claims, demands, privileges, honors, emoluments, titles and prerogatives whatsoever under or by virtue of any former, or the existing Government, Constitution, Statute, law or custom of the Hawaiian Islands whatsoever, save and excepting only such rights and privileges as belong to me in common with all private citizens of, or residents in the Republic of Hawaii. Third-I do hereby respectfully implore for such misguided Hawaiians and others as have been concerned in the late rebellion against the Republic of Hawaii such degree of executive clemency as the Government may deem to be consistent with its duty to the community, and such asa due regard for its violated laws may permit. Fourth-It is my sincere desire henceforth to live in absolute privacy and retirement from all publicity or even appearance of being concerned in the public affairs of the Hawaiian Islands, further than to express, as I now do, and shall always continue to do, my most sincere hope for the welfare and prosperity of Hawaii and its people, under and subject to the Government of the Republic of Hawaii. Fifth-I hereby offer and present my duly certified oath of allegiance to the Republic of Hawaii. Sixth-I have caused the foregoing statement to be prepared and drawn, and have signed the same, without having received the slightest suggestion from the President of Hawaii, or from any member or official of the Government of Hawaii concerning the same or any part thereof, or concerning any action or course of my own in the premises Relying upon the magnanimity of the Government of the Republic, and upon its protection. I have the honor to be, Mr. President, very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) LILIUOKALANI DOMINIS. On this 24th day of January, A.D. 1895, the foregoing was in our presence read over and considered carefully and deliberately by LILUOKALANI DOMINIS, and she, the said LI.LIOKaALANI DOMINIS, thereupon in our presence declared that the same was a correct, '"3 exact and full statement of her wishes and acts in the premises, which statement she declared to us that she desired to sign and acknowledge in our presence as her own free act aind deed: and she thereupon signed the same in our presence and declared the same to be her free act and deed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF We heave, at the reque~st of the said LILIUOKALANI D0OMINIS, and in her presence hereunto subscribcd our names as attesting witnesses at the Executive Building in Honolulu, on thie Island of Oahu, this 24th day of January, A. D. 1895. (Signed) WM. G. IRWIN, (,S i gniied) IH. A. WIDEMAXN, (Signed) S AMUEL, PARKER, (Signed) S. KALUA HooKANo, (Signed) CHAS. B3. WILSON, (Signed) PAUL NEUM'IA N.N. HONOLUL,? Lss. ISLAND OF OAHU) On this 24th day of January, A. D. 1895, personally appleared before me, LILIUOKALANI DOMINIS, known to me to be the person described in and who executed the foregoing instrument, who acknowledged to me that she executed the same freely and voluntarily and for the 'uses and purposes therein set forth. ('NOTARIAL SEAL.) W. L. STANLEY, Notary Public. HONSOLULU, ISLAND OF OAHU.? HAWAIIAN ISLANDS I, LILIUOKALANI DOMINIS, do soleminly swear in the presence of Almighty 'God, that I will support the Constitution, Laiws and Government of the Republic of H-awaii, and will not either directly or indirectly encourage 01 a. ist in the restoration or establishmeni of a monarchical form of Government in the Hawaiian Islands. (Signed) LILIUOKALANI DOMINIS. Subscribed and swo~rn to this 24th day, of January, A.D. 1895, befora me. (Notarial Seal) W. L. STANLEY, Notary Public. EXECUTIVE BUILDING, HONOLULU, Janl. 29th, 1895.~ Aladam:-A document executed l)Y you purporting to contain anl abdicationl an(1 renunciation of all sovereign rights heretofore claimied by you has beeii delivered on your behalf to the President. As you were- undler arrest at the time, this instrunient was signed, it, is dlesired before aceepting and placing, the samne onl file, to make clear to youi, ain order that no misunderstanding may hereaf ter arise, the views of the 6overnment ill this matter: 1. The execution of this (locunment cannot be taken to exenmpt you in the slightest degree fromt personal and( in(lividual liability for suich comnplicity as dlue investigation and trial inay show that you hadl in the late con~spiracy against the Government anid thme consmutent loss of life; which pos-itioix is recognized by you in your letter. 2. It cannot 1) concededl that such rights and claims ats you now voluntarily relinquish heay had any legal eXistenC0 since January 14, 18981, wNhen 'by your public announcement that you no0 longer considered yourself b~ound lby the fundamental law of the land under which you took office, and by your acts in at7tempting by the mnere exercise of your own will to establish a new Pystemn of 14 government, the contract existing between you and the people was dissolved, and all sovereign rights theretofore vested in you were lost. The statement by members of your then cabinet that they could not control your proposed action and their appeal to citizens of Honolulu for. assistance was the next step which led to a resumption by the people of the rights of Government. 3. So far as your cdtnmunication may be taken as a notice to the dis. affected that it is your desire that the Republic shall be recognized by them as the sole and lawful Government of the country it is fully appreciated. In this connection your unselfish appeal for clemency for those who took part in the late insurrection will receive full consideration. By order of the Executive Council. (Signed) WILLIAM 0. SMITH, Attorney-General. To MRs. LILIUOKALANI DOMINIS. A MILITARY COURT. TRIALS BEFORE A COMMISSION OF SOLDIERS-PLOT FULLY EXPOSED-NOTABLE PERSONS AND INCIDENTS-FAIR TRIBUNAL. 9 FTER careful deliberation the Government decided to try rebels, conspirators and open enemies before a Military Commission. This tribunal should not be confounded with a Court Martial. There was nothing summary in the proceedings. The accused were allowed counsel. They were given the right to challenge members of the Board. They were given every facility for defense. In many particulars the commission adhered to the statutes of the country. To prove an overt act two witnesses were required. No verdict was rendered till forty-eight hours after a case closed. All findings of the Commission went to President Dole as reviewing authority. He had the power to commute or alter or to send back for reconsider ation. Following is the martial law proclamation as well as the order for the Commission: BY AUTHORITY. PROCLAMATION EXECUTIVE BUILDING. HONOLtrU, H. I., JAN. 7, 1895. The right of WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS is hereby suspended and MARTIAL LAW is instituted and established throughout the Island of Oahu to continue until further notice, during which time, however, the Courts will continue in session and conduct ordinary business as usual, except as aforesaid. By the President: SANFORD B. DOLE, President of the Republic of Hawaii' J. A. KINO, Minister of the Interior. ORDER FOR COURT MARTIAL. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS, REPUBLIC OF HAWAII, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HONOLULU, Island of Oahu, H.I., January 16, 1895. SPECIAL ORDER No. 25. ORDER FOR A MILITARY COMMISSION. A Military Commission is hereby ordered to meet at Honolulu, Island of Oahu, on Thursday, the 17th day of January, A. D., 1895, at 10 o'clock a. m., and thereafter from day to day for the trial of such prisoners as may be brought before it on the charges and specifications to be presented by the Judge Advocate. The Officers composing the Commission are: 1. Colonel William Austin Whiting, First Regiment, N. G. H. 2. Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Fisher, First Regiment, N. G. H. 3. Captain C. W. Ziegler, Company F, N. G. H. 4. Captain J. M. Camara, Jr., Company C, N. G.H. 5. Captain J. WV. Pratt, Adjutant, N. G. H. 6. Captain W. C. Wilder, Jr., Company D, N. G. H. 7. First Lieutenant J. W. Jones, Company D, N. G. H. Captain William A. Kinney, Aide-deCamp on General Staff, Judge Advocate. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, (Signed) JNO. H. SOPER, Adjutant-General. Col. Whiting and Capt. Kinney were especially commissioned for this duty. The former retired temporarily as Judge of the First Circuit. Mr. Kinney is a practicing attorney, a young man born on the islands, educated and trained in the United States. Capt. John Good, Jr., and Lieut. E. 0. White sat in several cases. Capt. A. G. M. Robertson was the relief for Capt. Kinney. Paul Neumann, well known on the Pacific coast as lawyer, politician and Bohemian club member, was principal counsel for the prisoners. THE LEGAL PHASE. Mr. Neumann made a fight against the jurisdiction of the court. His contention was that it had no status so long as other courts were in operation. It is understood that at least one representative of a foreign country also held this view. The court decided in favor of the Government. The subjoined liberal extracts from Capt. Kinney's argument will show the points made by Mr. Neumann and the replies: In England martial law is used at different times, in different senses, each differing from the others, as follows: First-"The law martial exercised by the constable and marshal over troops in active service." Second-"The same system in time of peace on emergency and especially for the punishment of breaches of the peace." Third-"For the government of standing armies under the Mutiny Acts and the Army Discipline Act." Fourth-"The common law right of the crown and its representatives to repel force by force in case of rebellion " """Ci i,,ili..gl.~illii.r. aeRr ~lr;;I I-?~r.li~ixi ~alirii:ia:rii;s;i~2irl iBiRI ~n~:ilrl; s'lli:~s'"gii~:I:~; r:;;~;.;p:.,~...' I Sgl9 a'WiB / ~ilii I; i liaPlli's a,;liln,,i,,, 6F p"~i: ~~:'1~~;'11111 ~~ ~ ~l'li" A~E- ~1~: :..::: I. ji j/:.l i. ~j ii /i i /:I:': i, I,,:: I;;j i; // /i /j /: j/ i: /:;i /i // // /i /i ij // //// I s' a*; I i-=r I"r; El L:i I I iii r; II i. f lii1 1,, i';a' ~: ~~ w W, i:~na~ 1111:; ";,l~~n~~::l,,,:~i.l'~1~;~:~. 1, ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~. ~ sillli:~~:~;e.. l;,,'pi~8,:,;i:;'~~~.,:. 1'~;,~~; ~ . ~ ~~; ~ '~,... ~.., ~.. ~ ' ~ ~. ~.., ~, ~~~ '::;il~~ '~ ~;~~~ ~;, ~~'',,~1 siiBIIFi ": I 1;81888 ilBli:,,~P,,,,,, in~; 1?/3lrluPuil:liri I[IIIIIIIII1IIElllii[Ual U ~'i*-s;,, r;~i:;iUI ~~I~,.I;o, ~;i rrl""n";n:r;~;;j;; i~;~ -~~~:~~' " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~` i *:. -L~: I: 1~ I 't:i ":: ~~ 'x (i~_~ I ~ -. —;:I i~ii:~,, -~. r 'I (~: 1.:~~,i:~r 9.~.pl ~~:~ ' 7 or insur-rection and to act against rebels as it might against invaders." It is obviou's that trials of a case like this do nottome under the rsit, third or fourth definlitions Of martial law. They come more correctly under the second definition. The position of the Iwisoners is that misprision of treason 'is a purely statutory offense not tr[able h) y Military Commission on the grounds on whichl persons engaged in actual rebellion hy bearing arms ag~ainst the Reptiblic may be, and that therefore this Coniniis,-ion has n o j urisd iction ffr t rial of tIi is, c ise. But there is no principle or rule of h~awaiian law statu tory or coristitutioital to sustain that position. As far as the guilt is concerned, one who is foul)(l with a rifle in his hand in open rebellion against the Slate, is no mnore guilty than the one who incited him to take the field. The misprision of tieason is only another form of complicity with it. 'At means an actual andi gufilty kniowledg~e of treasonable plans, and that a failue to make them. known to a proper authority,. inidicates hey ond a shadow of a doubt a guilty complicity. Unlike the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of the Rep~ublic of Hawaii expressly empowers the LPresident to proclaimi martial law. "The Presi&det may in case of rebellion or imiminient danger of rebellion when the public safety requires it suspend. the privilege, of the writ of hab.Ieas corpus or place the whole Or any part of the Republic under martial law." Article XXXI of the Constitution. Ever~y main, whether lie has sworn allegiance to the Republic of Hawaii or-.is merely a resident here is bound to know that provision of the Constitution. It is not for this Commisision, it is not for counsel c for th- prisoners or for the Judge Advocate to question either the constitutionlality or the propriety of the muartial law which has been declared and still exists. The military force of Englandl nay be and frequently haes been used for the, suppression of riots and intsurrectionh-, whether under the Riot Adts or Articles of War or Annual Mutin~y Act, or Armyv Discipline Acts, or in the ab~encee of sitatutory Dower. But imartiaI law, eXcejpt when exercitsed over troops or ant provided] for iii sucth facts as abo~ve mentioned, in which sense it is wholly exercised, is unauthoriztcd tinder the law of England, arid perhaps by the, law which p..revails in the UnitedI StateF The Pet~i ii of Righit in Charles I, prohibits martial law or cominisions to try p~erso,-ns by niartitl law, wvhichi the petition dtleclares to he "'wh( fly and direetlI contr0ary to the laWS taid tatuites of the, realmn" In other words, mjartial law in Eng-land, while it may be resorted to, to suppress rebellionl, mDay not he used for punihii;lng rebellion. It is true thwat there are certaini English Acets which take a dififrent position; for instanIlce, in the l9 (if Geoig, h11, ain Act of the Irish Parliaimerit referring to the suppressioni f a reb,, lli~)n in Ireland and to an order masde by Lord Caminden in Priivy Council authorizing "all general officers commanding His Majesty's forces to lu)uish-iall jwrsmis actitig, ordering or in arty way asisi.ting in tle said rvbellion according to martial law, either by deatli or otherwise as to tha'i should seenm expediont, recl tes that "'the peace of the Kingdom has been so far restored as to permit the course ef the common law )art~illy to take place." The act exprestly declares that ';nothing ,I8 in this act shall be constituted to abridge or diminish the undoubted prerogative of his Majesty for the public safety to resort to martial law against his open enemies or traitors." But this act, as well as another act made in the year 1883, known as the Insurrection Act, undoubtedly goes no further than to declare the right of the Crown of England to exercise military power only to the extent of suppressing a rebellion, restoring peace and permitting the common law to take effect. Even the Annual Mutiny Act contains the declaration that "no man can be forejudged of life or limb or subjected to any punishment within this realm by martial law in time of peace " There can be little doubt that by English law, as soon as the actual conflict is ended, it is the duty of the military authorities to hand over their prisoners to the civil powers for trial, but that after actual resistance is suppressed, and the ordinary course of justice can be reopened, punishment by military law is not authorized. Even the Habeas Corpus right can be suspended in England only by Act of Parliament. Such is not the law of Hawaii,which expressly empowers the President to place the whole or any part of the Republic under martial law. During the prevalence of martial law no prisoners held by the military forces can be tried by civii courts, for that would bring those courts into direct conflict with the military authority,,which is now supreme. The United States Act of March, 1863, authorizing trials by Military Commission, in its 'second section requires that lists of all prisoners held by the United States under the authority of the President, otherwise than as prisoners of war, should be furnished to the Judges of the Circuit and District courts, if the Federal authority is unopposed, and that in cases where the Grand Jury in attendance upon any of these Courts should terminate its session without proceeding by indictment or otherwise against any prisoner named in the list the Judge of the Court should forthwith make an order that such prisoner desiring a discharge should be brought before him or the Court to be discharged on entering into recognizance if required to keep the peace, and for good behavior, or to appear if the Court might direct to be further dealt with according to law; and in the Third Section that if such lists were not furnished within twenty days after the arrests, any citizen after the termination of the session of the grandjurywithout Indictment or presentment might obtain the Judge's order of discharge on the same terms. It will be seen that this statute in conformity with English Law on the subject precludes military trials for the punishment of those engaged in rebellion, after the rebellion has been suppressed and peace restort d.- There is no such limitation upon the power of the President to declare or to continue in existence martial law in Hawaii. The United States constitution also contains no express power authorizing the President or even Congress to declare martial law. The.declaration of martial law by the President of the United States was under what were called the war powers oc the constitution, and being a war power it would of necessity extend no further than the actual existence and the necessities of a condition of war required. EI- IT ARRAIGASNED. On Friday, Jan. 18, at 10 A. M., the I9 first sitting of tle Military Commission wa4 had,. Court was head in the old throne room at the Executive building. It was here when the grand structure was called Iolani Palace that the royalty beamed upon the favored of the realm. All the crowns have disappeared from the hall and the frames that held decorations conferred upon Kalakaua, are empty. Court sessions were open, but only enough to comfortably fill the place were admitted to the grounds. The first men to be placed on trial were: Robt. W. Wilcox, Sam Nowlein, Henry Bertelmann, Carl Widemann, Wm. H. C. Greig, Louis Marshall, W. C. Lane, Jas. C. Lane. Treason and open rebellion, in that they had levied war upon the Republic and attempted to overthrow the Government, was the charge against the men. Wilcox, Nowlein and Bertelmann made pleas of guilty. The Lanes, a brother and cousin of Lot Lane, said "not guilty." Widemann, Greig and Marshall each said: "On advice of my counsel I decline to answer." The Commnission entered pleas of not guilty for them. For the prosecution Deputy Marshal Brown, Capt. Parker, J. B. Castle and Kanahele, a native, told the story of the affair at Bertelmann's on Sunday night the 6th inst. Ihu a dock laborer had been at Bertelmann's house in the afternoon and later at the hostile camp. It was very generally understood that war was to be declared against the Government. All wh) did not belong to the "Hui Aloha Aina" (Patriotic League) were to be killed. Witness saw the arms distributed in the afternoon. Tom Poole, a _half-caste carpenter, had said to Ihu after the shooting at Bertelmann's: One "haole" (ioreigner) has been killed. I shot him." J. J. McDonald and Carl Lukinger, who had been made prisoners by the insurgents Sunday afternoon, identiied the defendants as men active and in authority in the rebel camp. Chas. Warren, half-caste, formerly an officer in the Household Guards of Kalakaua and Liliuokalani, was a witness against his comrades of the uprising. He swore that all the men on trial had been warring against the country. Nowlein gave Warren two bombs and instructed him in their use. Wm. Widdifield, half-caste, told of seeing the accused giving battle to government troops at Moiliili. This closed the Republic's case. For the defense statements were made by Wilcox. Greig, Marshall, Widemann, Wm. C. Lane and Jas. C. Lane. Wilcox went to Diamond Head Sunday afternoon. He expected to be placed in charge of 300 men, but was given only eighty. At 6 o'clock he was told that a police squad at Bertelmann's was turning rebel recruits back to town. He sent a dozen men armed with pistols to capture the police. A secolnd squad armed with rifles was sent to assist the first. "Some of the first party carried rifles notwithstanding my order. The third squad was myself and bodyguard. When on the way I learned that the first squad had a family quarrel over the command. About half of them had liquor. I hurried on and overtook the second squad. I heard thenl that the first squad had divided, Lot Lane starting with three men to capture the police, going to the hills. The half of the first squad were now quarreling on the beach. I heard firing. Some of the boys who 20 ran to me said the police had fired on them. I saw then that the whole thing was up and ordered a retreat to the slopes of Diamond Head. I intended to remain there till daylight. Hearing more firing I sent messengers to call in everybody. A report came to me that our men were firing at each other at Bertelmann's, and that Bertelmann's family had been massacred. We missed the t vo Lane boys of the first squad. Some one said a detective was shot. Lot Lane thought it was his brother Jim. "I placed my men in a defensive position to awaitdaylight. With six men, while it was still night, I went on top of Diamond Head. I placed three men on top and three mauka. Then I went to camp, getting there with morning. I rested an hour. I was sent for and was told our men were fighting Government troops. I sent away an order for them to hold their position. There was firing at intervals till noon. Then the cannonading began. I told my men to seek shelter, but not to retreat. I saw Sam Nowlein was holding his position. I could not consult with him, My plan was to hold out till dark, then make terms with tle lGovernment. When the artillery was used at Moiliili I saw we ^were entirely beaten. We re'reated to our camp, then the tug Eleu opened fire on us and made us scatter. I got with some men over the mountains beyond the Waialae road. About fifty of us went together. I did not see Nowlein or any of the other defendants after Sunday. "I first learned of the proposed revolution less than a week before it opened. I did not get it up. I could not stand and see my people fight without joining them to restore the kanaka government. I furnished no arms. The people who./. ' got up the rebellion I think had no confidence in me and I did not like it at first." Wilcox did not care to tell of Widemann, Greig and Marshall, saying, he supposed they knew they were there. On cross-examination Wilcox refused to say who told him that everything was ready for the revolution. Greig said that he went into the uprising with "his eyes open." He testified that he did not fire a shot. "I was sleeping at Moiliili when the cannon was brought into action." Marshall told that he first learned of the proposed rebellion on Thursday the 3rd. He was one of the men who "held up" specials at Kakaako. He and Greig went to Moiliili with Nowlein. "I laid down to take a nap and the artillery awakened me. I saw the natives were scattering and concluded it was best to leave the field. I k'new I was liable to the law. I am 19 years of age and have been-on the islands four years." Carl Widemann, aged 27 made this statement: "I went to the rebel camp Sunday morning. Natives were cleaning guns. About 10:30 or 11 at night Nowlein came and gave orders to move toward Waialae. Our side fired on Capt. Murray and his party on Monday and they retreated. When the field piece came the natives scattered. I fired a few shots at Moiliili, but the range was so great I gave it up. Nowlein handed me two bombs in camp. I said I did not want them, but was induced to carry them in my overcoat pockets." Wm. C. Lane's story was that his brother Lot enlisted him. The witness was at Bertelmann's in the first squad and fired a couple of shots. He was 21 arrested there by Capt. Parker. "I was Partially organizing a military force one of the men who captured the signal and pretended government to succeed statioli on Diamond Head. The order the Republic of Hawaii. Inciting, to everybody was to shoot or bring into counseling and abetting others to treason camp any who did not give the pass- and rebellion. word, which was 'Aloha Aina.' " Jas. The men and their pleas at bar were C. Lane repeated the version of Win. as follows: C. Lane his cousin. Chas. T. Gulick-Not guilty. Antone Rosa, special counsel'for the W. H. Rickard-Not guilty. Lanes complimented the court on its Major Seward-Not guilty. fairness and only asked that "punish- Thos. B. Walker —Guilty of open ment be made to fit the crimes." rebellion and hiding and comforting Mr. Neumann did not believe that the enemies of the country. Guilty of cases were capital. He advocated de- assisting to procure arms and forces to porting the leaders instead of taking overthrow the Government. Not guilty their lives. of assisting to organize another GovCapt. Kinney simply contended that ernment. no innocent man should be punished Every care had been taken by the and that no guilty man should go un- prosecution in prepaiing to present the punished. "There are cowards, white cases against these men. The trial men, behind these persons," said Mr. lasted two days and a half. Sam NowKinney, in conclusion, "who are greater lein, John Cummins ani Henry Bertelcriminals than they. For two years mann were the principal witnesses. they have been instilling the poison of Bertelmann said he had been partially rebellion into the minds of the natives. promised his life to tell the truth. Mr. And where were they at the outbreak? Cummins, who had, been arrested on Why in their holes. They are too the charge of high treason, made his cowardly to come out and fight, and statement voluntarily. For many years fiendish enough to push the natives he had employed Maj. Seward as private forward into the trouble." secretary. "I took part in the rebellion," said FOUR FOREIGN PLOTTERS. Sam Nowlein. "I was in the field. The Three days were occupied in trying uprising had been planned four or five the field leaders. Their case was ended months by myself, GOlick, Rickard and at evening on Saturday, Jan. 19. The Seward. We met at Gulick's residence next Monday morning four men were on King street, Seward did not always escorted from the police station by a de- atten.. We met two or three tiies a tail of soldiers. This quartette came to week. I laid two plans. First plan was be known as "the Big Four." The to surround the Executive building and charges against them were: Treason. establish fifty-seven posts around town. Open rebellion. Attempting to over- Natives and white men were to cornthrow the Republic by force of arms. mand. We used a map. Extending aid and comfort to enemies "Another plan was to work from Queen, of the country. Procuring and provid- Punchbowl, Beretania and Maunitkea ing munitions of war for rebels. streets, and seize the station house, 22 telephone office and electric light station. "The fifty-tieven posts were to stop the Citizens' Reserve from getting to their rendezvous. Early in December the plans were submitted and the second adopted. "Sewa rd went over for the arms and anmmunitionl. I don't know w~ho furnished the mioney. "I sent natives to enlist rebels in town and in Koolau. Nowhere else and on no othe~r island. This was my part of the work by agreei-nent with Gulick and Rickard. I "1 toldl ily agent to organize swquads of thirty-sevn ~in en each and wa it for orders. "I sent (7eo. Townsend and Chas. Warren to Rabbit Island. Seward sent a shore boat. ''Rickard, (Akliek, Sewarul and myself agreed to charter the Wainianalo. "tWe triedl to start the revolution on the Thursda y night before the Sunday it happened. Hlalf tile arm.s were to be lande~d at K akaako and half at the fish market. I sient word to miy men. I. was to take charge of the fish market party. Toui W~alker was to take the station bouse. This fell through be. cause tie police broke up a gatherin oif natives ill Kakaako. It was, to begini at 2 o'clovk that night. "Rickard went on the boat to take her to sea for twenity- our hours as a precantioun. "I re,,!*ivet'! a letter for Guliiek from) Rickard1. It was9 to thweffleet th it shore boat., jinn*t bte used to, land armns. I sent boyst e a boat fromi biliuoka"W~e hinally dlecid 'd to begin trouble at 2 o'cloc(,k Monday mnorning. Ric'kard and J fixed this and hi was to tell G~ulick and the Mtajor. I went out to Diamond Head at 9 o'clock Sunday night. I"We talked over a new Government. We were to restore Liliuokalani We drafted a constitution from an old one furnished. Gulick did the writing. The constitution was written in a week and fiaished about Christmas. Wmn. Kaae engross'ed the constitution. He is private secer tary to Liliuokalani. "Thi Constitution was to be signed by Liliuokalani and promulgated." Gco. Townsend, half-ca.ste, C7has. Warren, John Kahoeka, native, Kauli, nati'e, all told of being engagedl by Maj. Seward to assist in landing arms on. Rabi)4 island fromn the schooner Wahlberg. Towns~end had carnied a latter from Seward to the captain of the craft and hiad received an ans wer, wh~ich wis delivered in Honolulu bv a native. Tbe meni hir 'd by Sewa rd were shown how to answer the signals of the Wahlberg and! wAere fur.1 islnd %\ith light'~,-. The pur base and shipment of a skiff by Seward, for use at Rabbit Island, was proven. John Cunimins had learned of the lpurclhase of armns on tile coast by Seward from the major hims~elf. '"1 protested that hie Nvotiid involve inc in an intrigue agaitst, th government, but lie dec lared that lie wooild noi-. I saw the major give at iative mioney to buy a shore bonat. 'Nowlein once, nckd e for guns and told me 'the major' had gone to the Siates for illuiitions of wair."' Henrv B.ertelrnani n rye iteud thatt the~ rifles -.an i ertridgesz were landedon tine side of Dianinond IIm- Ai f tbe town, Jan. 'J. "Rick~ard w-ent out from my hoise to the Wainmanalo. li visited tbe stamier, ci meh back, then went out sand reniained. That night IRickard re.ceived at my place a letter from Chav. 23 T. Gulick. It was answered by Rickard after he lad been aboard the Waimanalo." John Raden a hackman, swore that he carried tlhe note from Gulick and the reply back from Iickard. Davies, captain of the Waimanalo, testified that RIickard engaged him to handle the rifles and amimunllition. eIe took 288 guns, loose, and3 thousands of cartridges, inl elts, from the schooC)l Wahllberg. lHe saw Rickard's note to Gulick. It was about the steamer's revolutionary cargo. Geo. Townselldl al.o swore to seeing this letter. Tom Walker said t.lat sooner tlan see liis wife and( clildren in court lie wouild tell all they could possibly know of his connection witlh the rebellion. He tilled the bombs for Nowlein and had (loe sotni of the saml)e sort of work in October, 1893. "I agreed to lead a squad in to'.n andl captlr tle t police station. 1 hllad two revolvers." W'alker is a stoneimas!ont and an industrioc:s Britisher. The only defenrse was a written staltenient preslentedl by Mr. Gulick. litre it s: "Ior the last four months and more I have been ulnder tlie doctor'. care, (tniot of thle time con fil ed to m11y hloe) so that who ever des-ired to FC'se le, ',Chether on business or othlerwise, called at my houtse on King street. Many clleil. Mr. W. A. Kiinev, Mr. A. W. Cirtter, Ml r. F. W'ilhelm atnd o)ther, on1 busllitne, a well as Mr. Rickard, Mr. Now leil a',ld Major Seward. I dild blsiii ess for the Qturen, umak;ng c()lveyarices, etc., negotitiatilg, ain(ngst otifer itenms of business, thL transfer of the McKibben I ls-e to thle Qu e-,. Nowlin was the nmedi um of comllun 11111at ion between thle Queen and myself and wa. frequentlly at my house on business for her account. Mr. Rickard and Major Seward came to my house frequently as friends, and I arranged certain financial matters with Mr. Rickard in the interests of the several agencies which have been in my hands for some time past. "For my own part (during tlhe time namled in the charge) ny financial and phlysical condition has taken the whole of mny attention, and since t le 30th of June, 1887, 1 have abstained froml dabbling in politics. Local di turbances I have learned of in common withi the general public by ctlrrelt. runlors and through the local press uIp to the time of my arrest. Since beinig broughit before this court, (if tlhe testimolny and confessions befote tlh court are to,1* relied on,) I amr learning a gr