fi i~ir.iii larllPiba,c:r riii iEeijiinb s """'"lis. i; I'IIP'L;~ ri: lins;liiit"*4ls; rsnali::liZi rn 6i."ii jg~ pir:W -nis ~8iirr:il?~, Pi i:l?? rlr;~ EWiil R"ti~r~:l;r::a:rRrl,: ri5i, 'iPSi sir r,li 6;9,i. ~SS5" ,,..... ii Ijj~~~~~~A 2 i I 'lln "I i II ^ m mi i il1_3 '.^S I - C) ^ ^.._._._....~~~~ ~~~ _^^ ~;,,. I , I w a I~e n In L THE ALOHA GUIDE THE STANIDA RD HANDBOOK()() OF HONOLULU AN ) THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS For Travelers and Residents WVith a Historical Resume, Illustrations and Maps BY. FIRI)INANI) j. H-. SCHNACK, A. B., J. I). tI.N ORSI-) BY I '111 (I 'AM\\IIIR OF O()\MERCI: OF ()I1NO()1.LI; AN) 1T111 HAWAII 'RO()M(OION (O.'MI()M.I'I'II. Copyright, 1915, by FERDINAND J. H. SCHNACK Published March, 1915. First Edition, 5,000 copies [, Printed by HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN Honolulu, Hawaii PREFACE. This Guide Book of Honolulu and the Hawaiian Islands is presented to the publlic in the hope that it adequately fills what has long been recognized to be a need. It embodies the intermittent labors of a period of more than two years. Being the first book of the kind that has ever been Unprepared, the present effort is in the nature of pioneering,i} which is always difficult. Necessarily there must be shortcomings, but it is hoped that in later editions whatever defects there are may be eliminated. To that end criticisms and suggestions from all, "kamaaina" and "malihini" alike, will not only be welcomed but are invited. ) Every effort has been made to have the information presented accurate and reliable. The material has been obtained from most diverse sources, much of it from personal knowledge and from conversations with people acquainted with the particular matters. The Hawaii Promotion Committee publications, Thrum's Annuals, the Paradise of the Pacific, the Chamber of Commerce Annuals, the Courtland Hotel Book, newspaper files, documents among the government archives, reports of the various governors and federal and territorial officials, federal and territorial statistics, and even railway folders and advertising pamphlets have been found of value, and grateful acknowledgment is made of these sources. Alexander's "A Brief History of the Hawaiian People" is, of course, the standard historical work, while Castle's "Hawaii, Past and Present" is a recent book which in most readable form presents much valuable and interesting information. They are both valuable and are recommended to all who would in greater detail learn about the islands. Our obligations are so numerous that it is impossible to acknowledge them all. Assistance has been cheerfully given whenever sought. We desire especially to thank the Hawaii Promotion Committee, Professor Keller, the Chamber of Commerce, the Paradise of the Pacific, the Advertiser, the Mid-Pacific Magazine and the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company for the use of maps and plates. 290934 THEALOHA GUIDE This book contains some information in more detail than is customary in a work of this sort, but it is hoped that this material, much of which is nowhere else easily available, will not unduly cumber the book and will be found of interest and value to both residents and visitors. It is believed that with a Guide Book to assist him in informing himself concerning the Hawaiian Islands and in intelligently seeing them with greater economy of time, effort and money than heretofore possible, the visitor's appreciation and enjoyment of the "Paradise of the Pacific" will be manifoldly increased. The endeavor has been made to be impartial and to avoid exaggeration but should the reader now and again find instances where we have not been wholly successful in repressing enthusiasm, we trust that it, wherever it may be noticed, will not be found misplaced. One thing is incontrovertible —Hawaii has charms, and it is necessary to visit these "Isles of Peace" to get their charm. F. SCHNACK. Honolulu, T. H., March 1, 1915. NOTE. The Aloha Guide is on sale in all the book stores of Honolulu and Hilo and in other island stores. During the continuance of the Panama-Pacific Exposition it will be on sale in the Hawaii Building on the Exposition grounds. It is also on sale in the chief cities of the United States. The Aloha Guide will be found in the libraries of the leading cities and universities in the United States and may there be consulted and referred to. Should you not be able to obtain a copy address a letter to the undersigned at Honolulu, enclosing 85 cents and the book will promptly be mailed to you, postage prepaid, to any part of the world. F. SCHNACK. THE ALOH A GUID'E TABLE OF CONTENTS Steamship Companies.... 10 Hawaiian Time.......... 10 Location, Names, Area, Geology................ 11 History.................. 12 Native Population........ 16 Hawaiian Language......20 Present Population....... 22 Immigration.............. 23 Critical Periods.......... 24 Sovereigns Tabulated.... 28 Government.............. 29 Education and Schools.... 31 Climate.................. 32 Fauna.................... 35 Flora.................... 36 Agriculture............... 44 Commerce................48 Bibliography............. 51 Pleasure, Sports, Sightseeing.................. 55 Honolulu................. 65 Getting to the Hotel.... 67 Living Expenses......... 69 Hotels, etc................ 69 Restaurants and Cafes.... 73 Legal Rates of Fare...... 73 Business References..... 76 Financial Institutions.... 78 Federal Offices........... 79 Industrial................ 82 Foreign Representatives... 85 Royal Hawaiian Band.....85 The City.................85 Points of Interest........ 90 Honolulu Piers...........102 An Interesting Walk......103 Street Car Rides.........111 Drives and Rides.........113 Table of Distances........116 Table of Elevations....... 116 Mountain Climbing.......117 Around the Island........121 Stages to Windward Oahu 124 Railway Distances.......124 Entertainment............127 Parks and Squares........129 Pearl Harbor.............134 W ahiawa................. 135 Haleiwa and Waialua......135 H auula...................136 Public Utilities...........138 Social Settlements........151 Fraternal Organizations..151 Miscellaneous Clubs......153 Military Posts............156 Places of Worship.........158 The Other Islands........ 164 The Island of Hawaii..... 165 Kilauea...................165 Honolulu to Kilauea.......168 The Honuapo Route......171 Hotels near Kilauea.......172 Points of Interest.........172 Summits of Peaks.........175 H ilo......................176 Points of Interest-Hilo... 177 Points of Interest-Hawaii 178 The Island of Maui........184 Haleakala................ 184 Steamers to Maui..........187 Points of Interest-Maui..190 The Island of Kauai......195 Points of Interest-Kauai. 196 I auutit "THE LOVELIEST FLEET OF ISLANDS THAT LIES ANCHORED IN ANY OCEAN. " "No alien land in all the world has n any deep, strong charm for me but that one; no other land could so longingly and beseechingly haunt me sleeping and making, through half a lifetime, as that one has done. Other things leave me, but it abides; other things change, but it remains the same. For me its balmy airs are always blowing, its summer seas flashing in the sun; the pulsing of its surf-beat is in my ear; I can see its garlanded crags, its leaping cascades, its plumy palms drowsing by the shore; its remote summits floating like islands above the cloudrack; I can feel the spirit of its woodland solitudes; I can hear the plash of its brooks; in my_ j nostrils still lives the breath of flowers that perished twenty years ago. - Mark Twain. HAWAIIAN ISLAND S B yaC/ /*,~,,, 4..9-0. /~ow. ay i/~:Acfw — ->,,/, 90e. ^4 b " OAHU ca/e, MOLOKAI -*J-/ - MAUI LANAIH, S KAHOOLAWE #f/i/e N M^*^ ^S^^^~~101*il A*,"wo~, / t., Ato~~~~r~~~w ~ ~ Aiw M HAWAII *^< \\j-^u~ The Hawaiian Islands THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS may be reached by steamship from San Francisco in from six to seven days, and by sailing vessel in from ten to thirty days. The Matson Navigation Co. and the Oceanic Steamship Co. both run local steamers between San Francisco and Honolulu, the former also sailing vessels which carry a limited number of passengers, and the latter also steamers to Australasia. The Pacific Mail Steamship Co. having the largest steamships on the Pacific Ocean, and Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Co.) both operate between San Francisco and the Orient, and carry passengers for Honolulu on those of their boats which are under American registry. The United States coastwise shipping laws forbid a foreign boat carrying traffic between two American ports, except under a penalty of $200.00 per passenger, but this does not prevent a person traveling on a foreign boat stopping over at Honolulu, to resume his voyage at a subsequent time. The Canadian-Australasian Royal Mail Line operates steamers between Vancouver, British Columbia, and Australasian ports, making Honolulu in seven days from Vancouver and fourteen days from Sydney. The American-Hawaiian Steamship Co. with a large fleet of steamers is not in the passenger business, but since 1901 has been operating freight boats between the Hawaiian Islands and both Atlantic and Pacific Coast ports. Intending passengers cannot make reservations any too early. First-class fares to Honolulu: From San Francisco: Sailing vessel: $45. Local steamships (Matson and Oceanic lines) $65 up; round trip $110 up. Oriental lines $75 up; round trip $135 up. From Vancouver $75 up; round trip $135 up. This line also carries second cabin passengers for $50. All steamers have steerage for $35. First-class round trip tickets are good for six months and are interchangeable on THE ALOHA GUIDE any line. First class fares from other points are as follows: From Fiji............$100.00 Round trip............ $150.00 " Australia...... 150.00............... 225.00 " New Zealand.. 137.00." "............ 225.00 " Japan......... 150.00.."............ 225.00 " China......... 175.00." "............ 262.00 Honolulu to Japan on "China" and "Asia"............ 85.00 Honolulu to China on "China" and "Asia"............ 100.00 STEAMSHIP OFFICES. San Francisco: Matson line, 268 Market Street; Oceanic line, 673 Market Street; Pacific Mail, 384 Flood Building, corner Powell and Market; Toyo Kisen Kaisha, 625 Market Street. Vancouver: Canadian line, 440 Seymour Street. Honolulu: Matson and Toyo Kisen Kaisha, Castle & Cooke, Ltd., Agents, corner Fort and Merchant; Oceanic line, and Matson line sailing vessels, C. Brewer & Co., Ltd., Agents, Fort below Merchant; Pacific Mail, H. Hackfeld & Co., Ltd., Agents, corner Fort and Queen; Canadian line, Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd., Agents, Kaahumanu Street, near Post-office. Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., Queen near Fort. From Japan to Honolulu or vice versa requires ten to twelve days. HAWAIIAN STANDARD TIME is 10 hours 30 minutes slower than Greenwich time, being that of the meridian of 157 degrees 30 minutes W. The time whistle blows at 1:30 p. m., which is the same as Greenwich 0 hours 0 minutes. Sun and moon are for local time for the whole group. When it is twelve noon at Honolulu it is 11:30 p. m. at Venice, Berlin, Petrograd and Stockholm; 10:30 p. m. at Paris, Madrid and London; 5:30 p. m. at New York and Panama; 4:30 p. m. at Chicago; 2:30 p. m. at San Francisco; 10:30 a. m. in Alaska; 7:30 a. m. in Japan; 6:30 a. m. in Manila and Hongkong. ANNEXED to the United States of America July 7, 1898, and becoming the Territory of Hawaii by the Organic Act, passed by Congress June 14, 1900, the Hawaiian Islands have been not inappropriately variously termed the Gibraltar of the Pacific, the Key to the Pacific, the Crossroads of the Pacific and the Paradise of the Pacific. THE ALOHA GUIDE 11 LOCATION. They form a continuous chain in the north Pacific Ocean, about 1600 miles long, extending from northwest to southeast. They are located between 154 degrees, 40 minutes and 162 degrees west longitude and between 19*and 23 degrees north latitude, just below the Tropic of Cancer. A glance at the map of the world will instantly reveal what an important position these islands occupy. They lie almost in the center of the Pacific Ocean and in the direct line of all transPacific travel. Their distance from the most important ports about the Pacific is as follows: Sitka, Alaska, 2395 miles; Victoria, Vancouver, 2343; Seattle, 2401; Portland, 2318; San Francisco, 2100; Los Angeles, 2332; San Diego, 2260; Panama, 4665; Valparaiso, 5916; Cape Horn, 6488; Sydney, 4424; Auckland, N. Z., 3850; Apia, Samoa, 2240; Pago Pago, Samoa, 2263; Tahiti, 2389; Caroline Islands, 2600; Suva, Fiji, 2736; Guam, 3337; Manila, 4778; Hongkong, 4961; Yokohama, 3445; Vladivostok, 3721. NAMES OF ISLANDS. There are numerous islands in the Hawaiian group: Cure or Ocean, Midway, Pearl or Hermes Reef, Lisiansky, Laysan, Mary Reef, Dowsett's Reef, Gardiner, Two Brothers Reef, French Frigate Shoal, Neckar, Frost Shoal, Nihoa or Moku Manu (Bird Island), Moro Reefs, Gambier Bank, Johnston or Cornwallis, Palmyra, Lehua, Kaula, Molokini, and others, besides the following inhabited islands, named in the order of their size: Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Niihau and Kahoolawe. AREA. The area of the eight inhabited islands is 6449 square miles, a trifle more than the combined areas of Con*necticut and Rhode Island. Hawaii, the largest island, has an area almost equal to that of Connecticut. GEOLOGY. The islands are of volcanic origin. In geological age they run from the oldest in the northwest to the latest in the southeast, where on the island of Hawaii are located the still active volcanoes of Mokuaweoweo and Kilauea. All the islands are mountainous. The island of Hawaii has two peaks which are higher than any other island peaks in the world, Mauna Kea being 13,805 and Mauna Loa 13,650 feet high. The soil of the islands, very fertile, is decomposed lava. Along some of the coasts there are coral 12 T IE ALO HA GUIDE reefs, as for example, all about Honolulu harbor. Lava rock is still available on all the islands and is used in building. THE EARLY HISTORY of the Islands is entirely legendary and traditionary. The earliest inhabitants, according to estimate, must have come hither about 500 A. D. They voyaged northward in their canoes from the island of Savaii, in the Samoan group, which seems to have been the chief center of dispersion of the Polynesian race, to which the Hawaiians belong. There is a great similarity in the speech of all Polynesians. To have voyaged this distance of over 2000 miles to their newly adopted home through the unknown, uncharted and sometimes tempestuous seas in their small open and exposed craft, and subsequently to have gone back and forth, as their traditions indicate them to have done, and finally, to have travelled from island to island in the Hawaiian group, with no compass but the stars overhead, certainly stamps them as having been daring and resourceful navigators of no mean ability. FIRST FOREIGNERS. So far as can be ascertained the first foreigners to visit the Islands were the Spaniards about 1527. On October 31, of that year, the first of several exploring expeditions fitted out by Cortez, the conqueror of Mexico, on the Pacific Ccast, set sail for the Spice Islands. Two of the three vessels were lost during a storm and never again heard of, except that Hawaiian tradition, referring to about this period, relates the arrival of a shipwrecked captain and his sister on the Kona coast of Hawaii. It seems certain that the islands were later visited by other Spaniards, for Juan Gaetano records them upon a map in 1555, and numerous old Spanish globes and maps of that period, which may today be seen in museums, place a group of islands in about the position of the Hawaiian group. REDISCOVERY BY CAPTAIN COOK. But the islands attracted no attention until after their rediscovery by the great English circumnavigator, Captain James Cook, R. N., in 1778. Captain Cook had already made two voyages around the world, when he set out from Bolabola, one of the Society Islands, in his two armed ships, the "Discovery" and the "Resolution," THEALOHA GUIDE 13 for the purpose of finding a northern passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. On the 18th of January, 1778, he came upon the island of Oahu, upon which the city of Honolulu is now situated, and then upon Kauai and Niihau, and landed at Waimea, Kauai. He gave the name of Sandwich Islands to the group, in honor of his patron, the Earl of Sandwich, Lord of the Admiralty, but this name has now been generally abandoned. After spending the summer exploring along the coast of Alaska, Captain Cook again returned to the' islands-the island of Maui-on the 26th of November. He spent some time cruising about and on January 17, 1779, anchored in Kealakekua Bay on the western coast of the island of Hawaii. It was here that the British sailors wore out the hospitality and generosity of the natives, who had hitherto regarded the white visitors with reverence and awe, and that difficulties which ensued ended in the stabbing to death of Captain Cook on the 14th of February. His body was deposited in a cave high up on the mountain side. Allusions sometimes made to his body having been eaten are vigorously denied, for the Hawaiians never at any time were cannibals, and not a single instance is recorded where they ate human flesh. EARLY TRADERS. It was not until seven years after the rediscovery of the Islands by Captain Cook that a foreign vessel again visited them, but thereafter ships arrived more frequently, and soon trade relations were established. Washington Irving in his "Astoria" gives an interesting account of John Jacob Astor's early trading expeditions to the islands. Among these early visitors was Captain George Vancouver, who made three trips in all, and who, at all times ready with his good offices and friendly advise, has always been regarded in the role of a benefactor. It was he who landed the first cattle and sheep, and orange trees, grape vines and other plants. On the occasion of his last visit in 1794 he recorded the presence of eleven white men in the island population. In May, 1803, the first horses were landed. The most important article of export of this period was sandalwood. The trade in it, at its height from 1810 to 1825, was begun by Captain Kendrick of the Boston sloop "Lady Washington" when in March, 1791, he left three sailors behind on the 14 T H E ALO HA GUIDE island of Kauai to collect this precious sweet-scented wood while he returned to New England. Sold at an enormous profit in China, it was so ruthlessly sought that but little of it is to be found in the islands today. EARLY MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. Some of the vessels touching here had shipped Hawaiian sailors and when these arrived in New England they aroused a great deal of interest, which resulted in a missionary movement towards the islands. The first missionaries to bring Christianity to these then isolated islands of the Pacific landed from the little brig "Thaddeus" which sighted land at Kawaihae, Hawaii, on March 31, 1820, after having been out five months. King Liholiho, influenced by John Young, a white man who had been raised to the rank of chief and become one of the chief advisers at the court, consented to their undertaking their labors, and the two clergymen and the five laymen and their wives took up their stations at Kailua, at Honolulu, and at Waimea, Kauai. On February 4 1823, a Mr. Ellis and his wife with two Tahitian teachers joined them, and on April 27, the "Thames" brought six more missionaries and their wives from New England. At various subsequent times other missionaries arrived and undertook their work among the Hawaiians, who proved to be remarkably receptive to teaching. These early missionaries labored faithfully and well, imparting not only religion but also education and such practical and useful knowledge as they possessed in handicraft and agriculture. They completed the civilization of the islands a generation before it might otherwise have been accomplished and did the work so well that there was no relapse. Their descendents today are among the most influential residents and business men of Hawaii. THE WHALING INDUSTRY contributed largely to the early prosperity of the Islands. The whaling fleet, after its catch season in Arctic waters, returned to the Islands to winter and reprovision itself for the new season, in the meantime unloading the cargoes, which were then transferred to other vessels and taken to their destinations. Lahaina, and later Honolulu, profited most by these whalers. Beginning with a single whaler in 1820 the number increased to 500 in the year 1845. THE ALOHAGU IDE 15 It was estimated that when in 1871 33 whalers were destroyed. in the Arctic this meant an annual loss of $200,000.00 to Honolulu. This catastrophe marked the decline of the whaling industry and the islands have now ceased to be a port of call for whalers. KAMEHAMEHA I stands out prominently in the history of the Islands as the great conqueror who united them under his single rule. He was born the son of a chief in 1737 on Hawaii and early distinguished himself as a warrior. Setting out to conquer the Islands he successively overcame the chiefs of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai and Oahu. Many of his battles were bloody and fiercely contested but he was greatly assisted by the fact of possessing several cannon and firearms and the services of John Young and Isaac Davis, two white men whom he had captured in 1790 from the "Eleanor" and the "Fair American," and who proved loyal to him. His most important and decisive battle was that in Nuuanu Valley with Kalanikupule, the chief of Oahu, in April, 1795, in which many of the Oahu warriors were driven headlong over the precipices of the Pali. Kamehameha I died May 8, 1819, at Kailua, Hawaii, aged 82. FEUDAL TENURE OF LAND AND "MAHELE." The reign of Kamehameha III (December 29, 1831 to December 15, 1874) is noteworthy for the change in land tenures. Before the year 1848 land was held under a system which was remarkably like the old feudal system of Europe. All the lands were considered the property of the king, who allowed the high chiefs to hold them in exchange for their tributes and military service. The chiefs then distributed the lands among their subordinates on the same conditions, and these to others until at the bottom of the ladder were the ordinary tenants or common people, who tilled the soil. The fact that the tiller of the soil might leave the service of one person and enter that of another and that he was the fighting man in battle secured to him regard and consideration from his superiors. Kamehameha III agreed that the lands of the kingdom should be divided into three portions, the common people, the chiefs and the king each receiving one-third in fee-simple. This enabled the people to own the lands they had previously 16 THE ALOHA GUIDE been cultivating. It is from the time of this division known as the "Mahele" that all land titles in Hawaii date. The king then retained one-half of the third as his private estate and set apart the other half as government land. Aliens were not allowed to own land in fee until after July 10, 1850, after which time, also, much land was sold to Hawaiians at low prices in the endeavor to encourage in them thrift and industry. NATIVE POPULATION. When Captain Cook discovered the Islands he estimated the native population at 432,000 but in view of the fact that the first census, taken in 1832, disclosed only 130,313, it hardly seems probable that his estimate was correct. However, it is true that the mortality among the Hawaiian was very great, for the second census, in 1836 gave 108,579 as the population and by the census of 1850 it had gone down to 84,165, of these 1962 foreigners; so that in the 18 years between 1832 and 1850 the deaths among the native population amounted to 48,110 or nearly 37 per cent. The lowest point in the population was reached in 1872 when there were 56,897. Since then it has steadily increased. The census of 1910 shows that there were 38,547 people with Hawaiian blood, of these 12,506 with mixed blood. CAUSES OF DEPLETION OF HAWAIIANS. The death rate is to be accounted for by many causes. Diseases of civilization, early transmitted by Caucasians, wrought havoc because the Hawaiian standards of morality were not the Anglo-Saxon standards. Superstition, lack of medical knowledge and carelessness also worked many a death that medical attention might easily have prevented. THE HAWAIIAN CHARACTER. This disappearance of the Hawaiian race has its sad features, for in spite of his weaknesses and his follies, the Hawaiian has admirable qualities and lovable traits. There is no more hospitable person than he, and friend and stranger alike are welcome to his home and board. This trait has unfortunately resulted in his acquiring no more of this world's goods than have been essential to his immediate necessities, and in his too often in the early days disposing of lands that -might better have been kept. A dignity of bearing and courtliness of demeanor ar T H E AL O HA G U IDE 17 __ I i,1~~~~~~~~~~~~~21 i i.1. |. THE ALOHA GUIDE characteristic of him. He is gentle, peace loving and law abiding. From his love of flowers proceeds the beautiful custom of decorating friends upon festive occasions or at their departure with flower wreaths or "leis." Unusually musical, he is capable of learning to play any instrument by ear in a very brief time, and is seldor without his guitar or "ukulele" with which he accompanies his singing of the sweetly melancholy Hawaiian songs. In fact, his life almost seems one round of laughter and song and happiness. He is a natural born fisherman and from earliest times has been a seaman. He is fond of athletic sports, whether they be upon the land or the water. Surfriding was invented by him. As a swimmer he has few peers, and numerous tales might be related of shipwrecked men and women swimming about in the ocean for incredible periods. His physique is excellent and not often does one see such beautiful bodies and such splendid physical development as in the Hawaiian. He is usually of more than average stature, broad shouldered, deep chested, and being muscular and strong, is in demand for heavy work, such as stevedoring, in which he shows great endurance. In appearance brown, darker than the Mongolian, he has an oval rather than round type of face, with high forehead, straight black hair, dark eyes, lips slightly thick, nose somewhat tending toward flatness, and an attractive kindly expression. The women in their youth frequently present beauty of feature and form, but like the men, tend to corpulency with age. But while retaining these inherent qualities of the race the Hawaiian in his pristine primitiveness is now seldom to be met with, contact with civilization having sophisticated him and the necessities of life brought him face to face with its realities. INTERMARRIAGE. The elimination of the pure Hawaiian today is not so much by death as by intermarriage of the women with men of other races. The results of these intermarriages have been much discussed. Statements have been frequently made that while the offspring of marriages between Hawaiians and Chinese show the good qualities of both races, the results are otherwise where Hawaiians and Caucasians intermarry. The desirable Chinese characteristics of thrift, T H1 E A L Qi HE~ lAj G I D E 1 SX ~~ "X '... z, w....",~ T <, m ',, 2,jj ~s,., X}~ W 4 l X 0 0| _ l ' 2 l | _ 5''.''X i i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o i, 1Wg.w ll ~~~rr j 1 = LL ~ 20 THE A LO H A GUIDE acuteness, business acumen and industry undoubtedly supply the deficiencies along these lines in the Hawaiian. While there may seem to be evidence to support the second claim the difficulty in the past has usually been that it was the worst element of the Caucasian race that intermarried with the Hawaiian. Given good representatives of the two races and there is no reason for believing that the result will be any more discouraging than in the case of Caucasian marriages, and many cases of this kind seem to bear out the statement. THE HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE. Although the language of the Hawaiian dates to prehistoric times, the written language dates only from the time of the arrival of the missionaries in 1820. The Hawaiian alphabet consists of 12 letters: a, e, i, o, u, h, k, 1, m, n, p, w, which are pronounced as in Latin or in the European languages. Vowels are seldom slurred but are usually pronounced. Thus Oahu is pronounced O-a-hu; Hawaii is pronounced Ha-wai-i; Halekula is pronounced Ha-le-ku-la; lio, li-o; kaa, ka-a. The predominance of vowels minimizes any harshness there might be and makes the language soft and musical. The early civilization of the Hawaiian required but a limited vocabulary, but increasinS civilization made increasing demands upon him for words tc express his ideas. These demands were met by adopting many English words, changing them but slightly, thus car was called kaa, coffee was called kope, hotel was called ho kele, etc, or by adding an idea to distinguish the object, mal ing locomotive, kaa ahi or a fire car, a car propelled by fire'or steam. This limited vocabulary also accounts for the very ger eral use by the Hawaiian of signs and motions, these assist ing materially in bringing out the intended meanings an( gradations of meanings of the words. The Hawaiian is ab]i to carry on a considerable conversation without speakin a word, merely by means of signs. The following Hawaiian words are some in more gener, use: eAe-Yes "loha-(Friendly salutation), Akamai-Smart, Clever love, welcome..s Alanui-Street, Road _Aole-No A L O H A G U I D E 21 Haaole-White man or for- Keiki-Child eigner Heiau-Old native temple Hale-House Halekula-School house -Halepule-Church Halekuai-Store Hanahana-To work Hapai-Lift up Hele wawae-Walk ^Hokele —Hotel -Hula-Hawaiian dance Hiamoe-Sleep Hoomalimali-To gain one's favor by false flattery Huhu-Angry Ilio-Dog Kaa ahi-Train Kahunapule-Priest -Ko-Sugar Kulikuli-Keep still Kaa-Carriage Kahuna-Native witch doctor Kai-Sea Kamaaina-Old-timer, pioneer Kamailio-Talk Kope —Coffee Kanaka-Man Kokua-To assist, to help eeikikane-Boy *aikamahine-Girl Nur Ekahi Elua IEkolu 4| Eha l Elima a1 Eono - z - - " 1. Kuai-Buy, sell.La-Sun Lanai-Porch Lei-Wreath Likepu-The same Lio-Horse Mahope-By and by Mai-Come Makai-Toward the sea Mauka-Toward the mountains Malihini-Stranger, newcomer Mamua-Before, in front of Make-Dead YIMele-Hawaiian music -MIaikai-Good *Iokuahi-Steamer Malaila-There Maanei-Here Mahina-Moon, month Palaoa-Bread Pali-Cliff Pau-Done, finished Pipi-Cow Pilikia-Trouble.Pehea oe-How are you? Poi-Native food Popoki-Cat 'Vai-Water "Wikiwiki-Hurry up Wahine-Woman nerals. 7 Ehiku 8 Ewalu 9 Eiwa 10 Umi 11 Umi-kumamakahi 12 Umi-kumamalua 22 THEALOHA GUIDE Coins. Nickel-Hapaumi Half Dollar —Hapalua Dime-Kenikeni One Dollar-Hookahi Kala Quarter-Hapaha Two Dollars-Elua Kala The hour of the day is told by prefixing the word "hola" to the numeral, as: One o'clock, Hola ekahi. PRESENT POPULATION. In more recent years there has been a constant growth in the island population, most of this brought about by immigration, but also by the influx of people who have come to establish themselves and make their homes in Hawaii. Since 1898 the Americanization of the islands has been progressing very rapidly. The estimated population of the islands on June 31, 1914, was 227,000 including 8000 military The following tables will show the population of the islands by the census of 1910: Population by Races. Pet. Total Race Number Population Chinese...................... 21,674 11.3 Japanese.................... 79,675 41.5 Hawaiian.................... 26,041 13.6 Part-Hawaiian................ 12,506 6.5 Portuguese................... 22,301 11.6 Porto Rican................. 4,890 2.5 Spanish...................... 1,990 1.0 Other Caucasians............. 14,867 7.7 Korean...................... 4,533 2.4 Filipino...................... 2,361 1.2 Negro....................... 695 0.4 All Other.................... 376 0.2 Total.................... 191,909 Population by islands. Hawaii....................... 55,382 28.9 Maui and Molokai............ 30,547 15.9 Oahu........................ 81,993 42.7 Kauai........................ 23,952 12.4 Niihau....................... 35 191,909 THEALOHAGUIDE 23 Population of Honolulu and Hilo. Race Honolulu Hilo Hawaiian......................... 7,910 664 Caucasian-Hawaiian............... 4,233 418 Asiatic-Hawaiian.................. 1,380 220 Portuguese....................... 6,147 1,138 Porto Rican...................... 387 119 Spaniards....................... 258 67 Other Caucasians................. 9,200 677 Chinese........................... 9,674 435 Japanese........................ 12,043 2,779 Korean........................... 460 27 Filipino......................... 87 76 N egro............................ 327 6 All others........................ 127 29 Totals....................... 52,183 6,745 IMMIGRATION. The first immigration to the Hawaiian Islands was in July, 1865, when 500 Chinese arrived under contract with the Hawaiian government to labor in the sugar cane fields. These were followed by 148 Japanese in 1868. The Reciprocity Treaty concluded with the United States in 1876 whereby sugar, coffee, wool, hides, etc., were admitted into the United States free of duty stimulated immigration and island industry wonderfully. Alexander in his "Brief History of the Hawaiian People" says of it: "The conclusion of this treaty was the great event of Kalakaua's reign, and perhaps the most important event in Hawaiian history since 1843. It ushered in an era of unexampled prosperity and set in motion a series of changes of which no man could foresee the end.... One effect of the reciprocity treaty was to create a pressing demand for labor to carry out the many new enterprises that were projected." In the ten years following the treaty 38,000 Chinese and 10,000 Portuguese from the Azores and Madeira arrived. Two thousand Gilbert Islanders also came between 1878 and 1884 but most of these later returned to their homes. Over a thousand Germans arrived, the first of them, numbering 190 adults and 34 children, on the bark "Cedar" on June 18, 1881. But it was the 24 THE ALOHA GUIDE Japanese immigration which had most marked and widespread influence upon the future Hawaii. 965 Japanese in 1885 were followed by 9000 within the next six years, and these by increasing numbers until eventually nearly 100,000 had arrived. Today there is no Oriental immigration, the Chinese being excluded and the Japanese immigration restricted by treaty. Latterly Porto Ricans, Filipinos, Koreans, Russians and Spaniards have been assisted to the islands both by the Territorial government and by the Hawaiian sugar planters, in most cases with discouraging success. The result of all this immigration is that Hawaii is probably the most cosmopolitan locality in the world, a melting-pot of races nowhere else duplicated. CRITICAL PERIODS. FOREIGN RELATIONS. The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands did not free them from aggression, and their foreign relations as well as their internal affairs have at times been marked by storms and crises. Neither the early Spaniards nor Captain Cook took possession of the Islands, so they were left upon their own resources. ATTEMPTED CESSION TO GREAT BRITAIN. As early as 1794, the island chiefs, met in council to discuss the difficulties of their rule, upon the suggestion of Vancouver, sought to secure the friendly protection of Great Britain. Lieutenant Puget on February 25, hoisted the British flag in token of English sovereignty, but as this cession was never ratified by the home government it was not consummated. THE RUSSIANS. The first foreigners really to give the Islands concern were the Russians. Governor Baranoff of Alaska, in pursuance of a predetermined design to establish a Russian colony here, in 1814 sent the ship "Bering" on a cruise of the islands, and she, being wrecked at Waimea, Kauai, was followed by three other vessels. The Russians constructed a blockhouse at Honolulu and breast-works at Waimea, Kauai, and mounted cannon upon these. This resulted in intense excitement among the inhabitants and in the erection by Kamehameha 1 of a fort at Honolulu on lower Fort street between the present site of Hackfeld & THEALOHAGUIDE 25 Co. and the wharf to the west, and in the placing of cannon on Punchbowl Hill-eight 32-pounders. However, the Russians, when ordered to leave the islands, did so without resistance and the king was subsequently assured that the action had been without the sanction of the Russian government. THE BRITISH. Mr. Richard Charlton, the British consul, soon after his arrival in Honolulu on April 16, 1825, began a policy of diplomatic interference in Hawaiian affairs, seeking, it was thought, a cession of the islands to Great Britain. He harassed the government continually and caused much friction between it and British subjects. On February 10, 1843, Lord George Paulet arrived in the British frigate "Carysfort" and immediately made harsh demands upon the king, at the same time clearing his ship for action in case his demands were not complied with. To forestall him and avoid further difficulty, the islands were provisionally ceded to him, a commission having already been dispatched to take up the various matters with the British government. Rear-Admiral Thomas, commanding the British navy in the Pacific, arrived on July 25, and almost immediately issued a proclamation restoring the islands, the ceremonies taking place at what has been designated in his honor, Thomas Square. THE FRENCH. But in the meanwhile there had also been difficulties with the French. Kamehameha III claimed the prerogative of refusing permission to any foreigner to enter the kingdom of Hawaii, and, being opposed to the introduction of the Catholic religion, refused such permission to two Catholic priests. This, and his determination to restrict the importation of liquors, which came chiefly from France, led to difficulties with the French residents. These were followed by the visit of the French frigate "Artemise" on July 9, 1839, and numerous demands upon the government by Captain La Place, compliance with which demands and a deposit of $20,000 as a pledge of good faith were enforced by a threat of war. But disputes between French subjects and the government continued intermittently. On February 1, 1848, Mr. Patrick Dillon, the new French consul arrived on the corvette "Sarcelle." Friendly at first, he soon sided with the French Zb 1 n. rr A, Ct rn r3 s t Iv. a E: 9 lR l.N i. 111~ ';l I~~~~ lill.: rc ~ ~ l i 3 3j 3 0 00 j jE.3?jjX... ilyWjj j xNjya y,,j.M................ Ej ~ @ 2'.. ly.l.,,..NE,.i Sl,,~'.' }'fi' >C.1.'.i.2" }.. r>. l jj 3e nD jjj:,.. iii5,.i i.ir oj., l _ Y -X ijb Y.y C j l.0jii E j0 R3;n~~l XyYY p~.Yl i ii3_D............1'aj.,aiai. '"laaiiBX ~...........M..' W" i 3 iaaaia'a 3iaai~ap ami aY ~. _ Iita. ai9 ~/4a. _ ' al ' 6. i 13j..jj ia~aa..ii j~a ji.ia Y _ i aii3 Jaa -c aa _ ~iraylaE 2yi x~g a_ R l < 'g iaaYYa & l 12 Y~l I ~aala a X~ i a a a _ a ya a3 l i I a~a a'i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~i YY.'.'I':;1.'!Y l:Y~.......E.a aY.1i......Y. 3'.3 l Y Y~sYlYXYc.>>r Ya~~.lYl.a.l>Y-ly l.a aL......... i. }r I 8I: _j 1czaY31, raj~j ~ l"' a3'ai'a' '1 Yat'a i5 THE ALOHA GUIDE residents against the government. Additional "demands" were made and on April 25, a French force, supported by three French war vessels in the port, took possession of the custom house and other government buildings, of seven merchant vessels and the king's yacht, and of the fort where the cannon were spiked and the powder poured into the sea. For ten days was possession held, when a temporary adjustment took place. A Hawaiian embassy was then dispatched to France and matters were not satisfactorily and finally adjusted until March 24, 1851. PROPOSED CESSION TO THE UNITED STATES. These and numerous other difficulties which confronted the king led him to favor an agitation begun by foreign residents in 1853 for cession of the islands to the United States, but his death terminated the negotiations already actually undertaken, and they were not resumed. INTERNAL AFFAIRS. REVOLUTION OF 1887. The first real difficulty between foreigners and king occurred in 1887. In that year a series of royal scandals and abuses were brought to a head when King Kalakaua accepted from some Chinese $71,000 in exchange for his promise that they would be given the exclusive license to sell opium. The foreigners then arose and forced from the king a new constitution which should thereafter prevent such abuses. INSURRECTION OF 1889. This led to an insurrection, headed by Robert Wilcox, a young part Hawaiian who had received military training in Italy. During the early morning hours of July 30, 1889, he appeared at the Palace at the head of 150 armed Hawaiians and attempted to take possession, at the same time inviting the king to proclaim a new constitution. This the king did not do, for armed citizens soon surrounded the palace grounds and in the fighting which continued throughout the day seven Hawaiians were killed and twelve wounded. DETHRONEMENT OF LIUOKALANI 1893. Queen Liliuokalani was no more reconciled to the new constitution that had been forced from her brother Kalakaua, and which cur THEALOHA GUIDE tailed the royal prerogatives, than he had been, and herself determined to abrogate it and substitute another. After a number of such attempts on her part, the foreign residents again stepped in and this time dethroned the Queen, establishing a Provisional Government pending the answer to their offer to annex the Islands to the United States. After this offer had been rejected, the Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894. REBELLION OF 1895. Robert Wilcox again came to the fore when in conjunction with others he conspired to overthrow the Republic. This conspiracy was discovered on January 6, 1895, a couple of days before the coup was to have taken place and those implicated took to the hills. Skirmishing and fighting continued for 15 days resulting in a number of killed and wounded. ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES. The island Republic, subject to constant harassments, made frequent offers for annexation to the United States, but it was not until the Spanish-American war that the strategic importance of the islands became apparent and the offer was accepted. On July 7, 1898, the islands formally became a part of the United States by the signature by President McKinley of the joint coigressional resolution annexing them. By the Organic Act, passed by Congress on June 14, 1900, they became the Territory of Hawaii. SOVEREIGNS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Name. Birth. Accession. Death. Kamehameha I Nov. -, 1736 1795 May 8, 1819. Kamehameha II 1797 May 20,1819 July 14, 1824 Kamehameha III Aug. 11, 1813 June 6,1825 Dec. 15,1854 Kamehameha IV Feb. 9,1834 Jan. 11, 1855 Nov. 30,1863 Kamehameha V Dec. 11, 1830 Nov. 3.0,1863 Dec. 11, 1872 Wm. C. Lunalilo Jan. 31,1832 Jan. 8,1873 Feb. 3,1874 David Kalakaua Nov. 16,1836 Feb. 12,1874 Jan. 20,1891 Liliuokalani Sept. 2, 1838 Jan. 29, 1891 Dethroned Jan. 17, 1893 Sanford B. Dole-President, Provisional Government-Jan 17, 1893. Sanford B. Dole-President, Republic of Hawaii-July 4, 1894. THEALOHAGUIDE Sanford B. Dole-Governor, Territory of Hawaii-June 14, 1900. George R. Carter-Governor, Territory of Hawaii, Nov. 23, 1903. Walter F. Frear-Governor, Territory o, Hawaii-August 15, 1907. Lucius E. Pinkham-Governor, Territory of Hawaii, December 6, 1913. There are sev.on legal holidays observed in the Territory of Hawaii: New Year's Day on January 1; Washington's Birthday on February 22; Decoration Day on May 30; Independence Day on July 4; Labor Day, the first Monday in September; Regatta Day, the third Saturday in September; Christmas Day, December 25. Besides these there are a number of days generally observed as holidays, although not legally such: Chinese New Year by the Chinese, in February; Good Friday; Kamehameha Day on June 11, and Thanksgiving Day, the last Thursday in November. GOVERNMENT. FEDERAL GO&RNMENT. There are numerous Federal departments in Hawaii-war, navy, customs, internal revenue, immigration, weather, lighthouse, public health, post-office, district court, hydrographic; and Federal officers include 2 district judges, 2 district attorneys, marshal and deputies, collectors of customs and of internal revenue, immigration inspector, postal inspectors and officers of the various departments named. All these appointments are made from Washington but frequently local men are appointed. A Federal building to house the postal, customs, internal revenue, marshal and district court is to be erected in the near future. TERRITORIAL. The Organic Act of 1900 provided that the Islands should constitute a Territory and that all Hawaiian laws not inconsistent with the Constitution or laws of the United States or the Organic Act itself should continue in force. The Hawaiian constitution of 1840 provided for a legislature of two branches which continues its functions of making laws for the Territory. It is divided into a senate of 15 members having 4 year terms and a house of represen 30 TH EALOHA GUIDE tatives of 30 members having 2 year terms. Its session begins the third Wednesday in February every odd numbered year and continues for 60 days, sitting in Honolulu. The general election for members of the legislature is held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in every even year. Manhood and citizenship give the franchise. In 1914 there were 17,716 registered voters distributed among the islands as follows: Oahu, 9,898; Maui, 2,743; Kauai, 1,211; Hawaii, 3,864. The governor, secretary of the Territory and Circuit Court judges are appointees of the President of the United States. The delegate to Congress, who has no vote, is elected every four years. The Governor appoints the attorney-general, treasurer, superintendent of public works, commissioner of public lands, president of the board of health, superintendent of public instruction, high sheriff. The present delegate to Congress is Kuhio Kalanianaole. COUNTY. The Territory of Hawaii has county government, the Islands being divided into four counties: (Kauai and Niihau; Oahu; Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe; Hawaii), the local business and governmental affars of each county being run independently. THE LEGAL SYSTEM really dates from the year 1827 when the first written laws were promulgated, dealing with murder, theft, adultery, rum-selling and gambling. Two years later the subjects of marriage and observance of the Sabbath were added. It was early provided that the courts might "cite and adopt the reasons and principles of the admiralty, maritime and common law of other countries, and also of the Roman or civil law, so far as the same may be founded in justice and not in conflict with the laws and customs of this Kingdom." Under the influence of early American residents and lawyers, nevertheless, the American common law became well established and today exists in a degree of purity probably not found in any other state, being but slightly modified by statute and local usage. COURTS. Hawaii has a United States District Court and in addition has Territorial courts, composed of 29 district courts scattered through the various districts of the Islands, a Juv TEE ALOHA GUIDE 31 enlle Court in Honolulu to deal with juvenile delinquents, a Torrens Land Court, five Circuit Courts in as many circuits into which the Territory is divided, and a Supreme Court from which appeals may in proper cases be taken to the Circuit Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit, sitting in San Francisco aLnd the Supreme Court of the United States. The bench and bar are composed for the most part of graduates the predominaneli of Ioth AgSaxo children to the. schools produces a difficult educational problem. Nevertheless, this Is being satisfactorily solved, and side by side American Oriental, awaiian and a score of other nationalities are receiving instruction In the English la guage, The Hawaiian. s today all speak English and most of them read and w ite i, Whatever illiteracy exists ts to h found among recent immilgrants. Attendance at s hool Is cmpulsory or all thiren THEALOHA GUIDE between the ages of 6 and 15, non-attendance subjecting the responsible party to punishment. The public schools are under the supervision of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The public school system, modelled after the best American standards embraces grammar, trade and industrial and high schools, ending with the College of Hawaii, devoted to agriculture and mechanic arts and general collegiate subjects. There are public high schools at Honolulu (the McKinley High School), Wailuku and Hilo. The first education was undertaken by the missionaries soon after their arrival in 1820. In 1831 they founded Lahainaluna Seminary at Lahaina, Maui, primarily "to form a high school for raising up teachers and other helpers in missionary work" because "the pressing engagements of the members of the mission in preaching, translating and other labors" interfered with their teaching. This school is now a government boarding school for boys, where agriculture and the trades are taught. A very similar private institution is the Kamehameha Schools for boys and girls of Hawaiian blood, located in Honylulu. The Mid-Pacific Institute in Manoa Valley combines the Kawaiahao Seminary, a school for girls founded in 1864, Mills Institute, a boys' school founded in 1892 and a Bible training school, the Mills branch going through the high school course. Oahu College is likewise a private institution which, founded in 1841, has become the most important high school in the islands. The white school population is pretty well concentrated in a few schools. During the school year ending with the summer of 1914 there were 33,288 pupils in the schools, 26,990 in the public and 6,298 in the private schools, there being 713 public and 307 private school teachers. The nationalities were thus represented: Hawaiian 3,949; PartHawaiian 4,165; American 1,403; British 173; German 263; Portuguese 5,400; Japanese 11,508; Chinese 3,612; Porto Rican 767; Korean 431; others 1,617. Teachers are trained at the Normal School in Honolulu, but many American college graduates have lately found positions in island schools. CLIMATE. It is the climate of the Hawaiian Islands that for many people constitutes their chief charm. Healthful, with but slight variation throughout the year, there is no T H E A L 0 H A G U I D E 33 more balmy and equable climate in the world. Fog and sunstroke are non-existent and thunderstorms are rare. The following data are taken from the records of the office of the U. S. Weather Bureau at Honolulu for the year 1913 but might as well be applied to any other year: Month Maximum Jan.... 81 Feb... 79 Mar... 80 Apr... 80 May... 84 June... 84 July... 86 Aug.... 86 Sept.... 86 Oct... 87 Nov.... 85 Dec.... 81 Minimum 61 58 61 63 66 67 70 72 70 70 67 63 Absolute Mean Monthly Daily Range Range Precipitation 20 10.9 1.35 21 11.2 0.87 19 11.2 1.32 17 10.2 1.91 18 10.5 2.95 17 9.2 4.26 16 9.8 0.18 14 9.9 1.14 16 10.2 0.81 17 10.5 0.26 18 9.1 2.96 18 10.2 0.52 18.53 hat the islands, while in the Torrid It must be remembered tl Zone, yet are so near the Tropic of Cancer that shifting them a very few miles northward would place them within the north temperate zone. In addition to this, the prevalence of the northeast or trade winds during nine months of the year, combined with the ocean currents from the same direction exert their cooling influences, so far moderating the temperature that it averages ten degrees lower than any other region in the same latitude. Extremes are unknown, a temperature of 90 degrees being seldom recorded and 100 degrees never. By ascending the altitudes almost any desired temperature, even snow at the top of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, may be had; and again, the windward sides of all the islands, being exposed to the trade winds, are cooler than the leeward or more sheltered sides. At Honolulu, which is on the leeward side, the temperature ranges from 60 to 85 with a mean of 74 degrees, and an average daily range of TH E A L H A G U I D E from 9 to 11.5 degrees. In rainfall likewise, there is a marked difference between the windward and leeward sides. The annual rainfall of Honolulu ranges from 15 to 42 inches, the average for the thirty years preceding 1913 according to the data kept by W. R. Castle being 28.31 inches, November to February being the rainy months; while in the town of Hilo, windward Hawaii, for example, it is 150 inches. It must, of course, be borne in mind that the proximity of the ocean naturally makes the climate more humid than are dry inland portions of the continents. In this connection it may be interesting to compare the mean relative humidity of Honolulu with that of other places. The figures are for 1910 and are furnished by the Central Office of the United States Weather Bureau at Washington, D, C.: Honolulu 70 per cent; Seattle 82; San Francisco 71; Los Angeles 67; San Diego 77; St. Louis 68; Chicago 72; New Orleans 75; Jacksonville 80; Key West 76; Philadelphia 71; New York 68; Boston 72; Washington, D. C. 70. The following extract from a report written by Dr. Leland E. Cofer, Assistant-Surgeon General, U. S. Marine Hospital Service, bears directly on the climate of Hawaii: "The element of charm, which enters so potently into all things Hawaiian, makes even the climate almost impossible of description. "Indeed, one lives so comfortably here that the character of the climate is practically never thought of, in the same way that a sound man lives oblivious to his liver. A person newly arrived from the lands where snows and sunstrokes prevail could give a more convincing description of our days and nights than one who through sheer content has lost all sense of perspective. "The weather statistics tell the truth but hardly the whole truth. They show, and with all accuracy, a rather high rainfall, yet the layman, either because our rains usually occur at night or else because he usually sees them as 'liquid sunshine' would invariably pronounce the climate as the dry marine variety. The temperature, humidity and rainfall vary widely with the exposure and elevation selected as the point of observation. Therefore so long as it is possible to run by THE ALOHA GUIDE 35 automobile over good roads in a few hours from the humid warmth of the coast to the dry cold of the highlands, so long will the opinions of men differ as to the climate taken as a whole. "As Honolulu is the natural center and distributing point, one forms his impressions from local climate conditions. It may be said in general that the climate is the semi-tropical variety in which the mean extremes are never reached. "Surf bathing and aquatic sports, pleasures which are known to comparatively so few people on the mainland are indulged in, particularly by children, in January and July alike. In this latitude and longitude such conditions it is needless to say are unique and would be impossible were it not for the trade winds which keep intact health, comfort and commerce, and make out-of-door sports a part of the daily routine. As every one may live constantly in the open air, the pleasures of those in good health are shared by health seekers.... In short, I believe the influences in Hawaii offer the least resistance to bodily well being of any of the well known health resorts of the world. "This climate breeds happiness and laughter, a natural and appropriate reflection of the sunlight, rainbow and purple hills, and for those who enjoy such things-there's Hawaii." It was the violinist Mischa Elman who in an ecstatic moment delivered himself as follows: "Everywhere you have poetry and beauty. Your climate, your skies, your tranquil ocean, waves with silver caps, trees and foliage make me feel that this is the place where music was born." FAUNA. The islands never were rich in animal life. At the time of their discovery there were only dogs, hogs, mice and domestic fowls, besides wild fowls and migratory birds. There were about seventy varieties of wild birds, many of which, owing to the recession of the forests have become extinct. There are no poisonous reptiles, snakes and alligators being absolute curiosities. Centipedes and scorpions are so rare that the sojourner may never see one. A small harmless lizard, quite common, feeds upon mosquitoes. Deer, imported and allowed to roam on the island of Molokai have at times required decimation because of the injury done the T IE ALO H A GUIDE forests. Upon several of the islands there are wild goats, hogs and an occasional stray wild bull, which furnish hunting, and constitute the only wild animals existing. The mongoose, an animal similar to, but somewhat larger than the weasel, was at one time introduced from India to destroy the rats in the sugar-cane fields, but after accomplishing the task, itself became a pest by preying upon fowls and their eggs. This animal has been greatly reduced in numbers. Mosquitoes, theretofore unknown, were introduced in 1826 from Mexico, and since then have been a pest in this otherwise fair land, although attention given to standing waters has materially reduced them. Fortunately, neither the malarial nor the yellow-fever mosquito exists. With the careless introduction of foreign plants certain blights and insects detrimental to vegetation have been introduced but the territory has always been active in securing natural enemies to combat these. The most distinctive form of animal life, and the only one peculiar to the Islands, is the landshells (achatinella), of which there are 800 species. These small shells, which grow on the leaves and bark of trees, and on ferns, vines and shrubs, are often exquisite in coloring and are greatly sought by collectors. FLORA. The indigenous flora are chiefly to be found in the mountains, and constitute one of the chief beauties thereof. Tropical ferns, creepers, vines, plants and trees grow in lavish and wonderful profusion. There are numerous ornamental as well as useful trees. Readily distinguishable upon the mountain sides by reason of their color, are groves of kukui trees (aleuritis moluccana), which have a light yellow green leaf resembling somewhat a grape-leaf. This tree bears a nut the size of a walnut with a thick hard black rough shell which, filed smooth, takes a high polish and is made into necklaces, ornaments and jewelry. The kernel of this nut was pounded by the ancient Hawaiians and the oil used in their crude lamps; roasted, it was also eaten with a pinch of salt and is not unpalatable. The koa tree (accacia koa), still plentiful, has a deep green narrow curved sword-like leaf from four to five inches long. It furnishes a hardwood extensively used for furniture, which takes a high polish, is I TROPICAL VEGETATION. ~~~~~~~~~~~3lsra I I II I II I |* =| T H E A LO H A G U IDE grained like mahogany and is of a rich golden-brown color, full of light and shadows. The ohia wood, harder and darker, is more like Oriental teak-wood, and is used for furniture, panelling, flooring, street paving, railroad ties and permanent fence posts. Banana, lehua and lauhala (extensively used for making mats) trees and guava bushes grow wild everywhere in the mountains, and ti-leaves, long and broad, like small banana leaves are abundant. The root of this plant is used in distilling liquor. In the lower altitudes the breadfruit tree is particularly stately. Symmetrical in shape its smooth shiney green leaves are shaped like immense fig-leaves. The fruit, warty and perfectly round, six to eight inches in diameter, hangs by a short stalk, and is green in color, turning slightly yellow when ripe. Another symmetrical tree is the mango tree, with a leaf much like a long laurel leaf, and a luscious fruit. Orange trees the reader is likely to be familiar with, as also with the eucalyptus and mulberry. The fiber obtained from the last was much used by Hawaiians in making kapa or tapa, a paper-cloth of various textures, which was used by them as clothing, the women wrapping it about their waists and the men about their loins. The banyan-tree sends new roots from its spreading branches into the earth beneath and eventually attains considerable dimensions. A tree very much in evidence everywhere is the large umbrella-like monkey-pod tree (Albizzia saman), in the Orient called raintree, with its innumerable small oval leaves and pretty pink blossoms, which develop into long brown pods. Perhaps the most valuable tree ever brought to the islands is the kiawe or algeroba, introduced in 1837 by Father Bachelot. The first tree of this kind in the islands may still be seen growing in the grounds of the Roman Catholic Cathedral on Fort Street in Honolulu. This tree, known as the mesquite bush in Mexico, here attains good dimensions and grows readily and often in great groves. It has thorny branches, lacey leaves and innumerable small yellow flowers arranged on a stem, upon which a cluster of pods or beans, which are yellow when ripe, form. These beans provide a wholesome fodder for stock and the hardwood is valuable for firewood, while from T 1I E A I # o H A G IJ I D E 39,, I 111 I si..y,j,0.,,0., A..,.E I I * B 02E.n X. '...R''' ' - A: ' l I * E _ID0a' ' f 0 ' ' X I I 11S I 1E "''""""" "' | l | l | _1. X 0' 00 Mil l I * I g I | | | I X I i''""' - l l | | | l 'sI I * I *.. z. _I ___..,_, l _ l _: l it 1 I | | l | I! i I | [; I _1. I l * I | I, N I i... |, lrl3E1:1 __ | g I *!.S! S: 11 k,..l L ' i L I _1 _ I I st5r } 116 ff ill ft llLWrl B51t t1!7> 1111 slb v X A ilJ r J s;i sJ Q1 5 J X 1 J X1 U 8 40 T H E A L O H A G U I I) E the flowers the honey-bee extracts the best of honey. Two trees much seen are the poinciana regia and the golden shower (Cassia fistula), both ornamental. The former is a smoothbarked spreading tree not shapely but when in bloom in the winter months one mass of gorgeous red flowers; the latter is more bushy and shapely and equally radiant in its mantle of yellow when in bloom. Of course, Hawaii is the land of palms. Everywhere are to be found the tall leaning twisted duster-like cocoanut trees with their clusters of nuts, the stately straight royal palms, the broad-leaved fan palms, the sago palms with their bunches of flowers gone to seed, the traveler's palms, much resembling banana trees and others. Those particularly interested in the flora will find "The Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands" by J. F. Rock, price $6 with its numerous plates, of value. FLOWERS. There are not a great number of indigenous Hawaiian flowers. Hawaii, and especially Honolulu, is the land of the hibiscus, and interesting hybridization work has resulted in 1300 varieties of this flower of every color and hue. This shrub is extensively used for hedges in Honolulu and its large bright colored flowers add to the attractiveness of the homes and the city. The bougainvillea vine is a thorny stalky vine attaining considerable dimensions. When blooming in the winter months it covers itself with most strikingly gorgeous dark red or pinkish red leaf-like flowers. The ginger root, growing extensively in the mountains and cultivated in gardens has an exquisitely sweet-scented flower. The Chinese ylangylang bush or vine and miulang are two extremely fragrant flowers. Numerous flowers with which the reader is familiar will be found cultivated. Begonias and poinsettas thrive. Roses at one time flourished but the Japanese beetle, which eats the leaves at night, has interfered materially with the cultivation of them. Undoubtedly one of the most ravishingly beautiful flowers to be found anywhere is the night blooming cereus which blooms during the months of July, August and September after sunset. It is a flower nine inches to a foot in length with a large snow-white deep calyx, shading off into a deep yellow color within the heart. A bouquet of these is exquisitely beautiful. This flower is THE NIGHT BLOOMING EREUS AT PUAOU 42 T HE ALO H A GUIDE best seen on the stonewall surrounding Punahou Academy at Honolulu, and there attracts thousands of people during the blooming season. FRUITS. The stranger to tropical lands will find in Hawaii many fruits utterly unknown to him. Mulberries, oranges, dates, bananas and pineapples he will be familiar with, although not with the forty varieties of bananas grown here, nor with such large juicy and sweet pineapples. The mango, not so good as in former years, before the Mediterranean fruit-fly attacked it, is in size and shape somewhat like a pear hanging inverted from the tree, and has a tough green skin with golden rosy cheeks. It is somewhat stringy, the meat yellow, and has a large central seed. In flavor it suggests the apricot. Guavas, of numerous varieties, grow wild. In size and shape like a lemon, the outer skin is edible, and the interiors are filled with innumerable little seeds like grapeseeds, which, while indigestible are yet eaten. There are sweet and sour, yellow and red varieties, the sour being best adapted to the making of the well-known guava jelly. Sliced and eaten with sugar, the guava may be used as a desert. The tamarind, growing on a large tree, when the outer shell or pod is broken discloses a dark brown sour interior bean with a number of seeds in it. Dissolved in water with sugar it makes a pleasing drink, much like lemonade. The papaia, not paw-paw as it is sometimes erroneously called, a fruit shaped like a musk-melon and even larger, has a goldenyellow color when ripe, and is much relished by many people, although the stranger may have to acquire a taste for this, as for many other island fruits he has never before eaten. It suggests a peach in its flavor, and may be eaten as it is with a spoon, or with lemon juice. The avocado or alligator pear is sold in the large cities of the United States but at such high prices that the demand is not great. The local consumption of this fruit is extremely large. It is pearshaped and of two varieties, green and reddish brown and has a thin leathery skin. It is halved and after the large central seed is removed, the greenish-yellow soft meat is eaten with a spoon with vinegar, salt and pepper or any one of these alone. The taste is difficult to describe, although a Iri~~ElO i~~in~la~scr~iiiii? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~!~!1"i!?!iii!!?~1!!?~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 44 T H E ALO H A GUIDE person who once formed a distaste for it described it as tasting like brown laundry-soap. The mountain apple is a tempting red sweet juicy fruit in no way resembling the apple. It is in season during August and September. The water lemon is a round yellow hard-skinned fruit twice the size of a lemon. It is filled with seeds like canteloupe seeds but dark in color and edible. AGRICULTURE. Statistics disclose that there is but little available government land left for agricultural pursuits. Of the 1,631,818.27 acres to which the Territory still retained title, at the beginning of 1915 only 59,053.43 acres were arable land, much of this still under lease. Homesteading of government lands has progressed, and in the four years between 1910 and 1914 65,263.56 acres have been sold to 2,427 homesteaders but the above statistics and the increasing demand from matured children of older homesteaders indicates that no extensive homesteading will hereafter be possible. Sugar, which in 1913 constituted 80 per cent of Hawaiian exports, always has been the most important agricultural product of the Islands. The cultivation of sugar cane was first undertaken at Koloa, Kauai, in 1835, followed by Kohala plantation in 1841 and then by Wailuku, it being recorded that 500 tons of sugar were exported in 1843. Today there are some 60 sugar plantations, representing a capitalization of over $85,000,000, their properties assessed at $10,000,000 additional. The stock is held by over 9000 stockholders and these plantations pay 85 per cent of the entire taxes of the Territory. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, nearly 1,100,000,000 pounds of sugar for which $35,235,256 was received, were exported, the other island exports aggregating only $8,000,000 additional. Hawaii is the fourth largest cane sugar producer in the world, exceeded only by British India, Cuba and Java. The soil of the islands is well adapted to sugar cane, but it is the scientific methods employed that account for the large yields. In Collier's Weekly of July 26, 1912, in an article entitled "The Agricultural Revolution" after referring to the fact that Hawaiian sugar plantations spend an average of $20 per acre for fertilizers, the authors continue: "The Sugar Planters' Association maintains an experi T H E A L O H A G IT I D E 45 ment station of its own at a cost of $75,000 a year. The Territory has a commissioner of agriculture and forestry with a staff of fifteen, and spends approximately $50,000 a year. And the bureau of plant industry has a large experiment station at Honolulu under the management of E. V. Wilcox, one of the most competent men connected with the department of agriculture. For the present time at least Hawaii is the last word in modern agriculture." Approximately 50,000 people are employed in sugar cultivation, half of this number Japanese. Americans and Caucasians usually fill the more important positions, that is, the clerical, engineering, chemical and overseeing positions, and not often engage in manual labor. Two systems of plantation labor are in vogue: In one the laborer receives a monthly wage ranging from $20 to $26 per month for unskilled labor, besides a bonus, varying somewhat on different plantations, but in general amounting to 1 per cent of his wages for each dollar that the average price of sugar rises above $70 per ton during the year, that is, if the price of sugar should have averaged $75, 5 per cent additional would be paid all laborers. The other system is the contract system whereby contracts are given to a laborer or group of laborers, either for planting, cultivating, cutting or loading cane. The cultivating contract is the commonest. A single man can cultivate from 7 to 10 acres of cane. Advances are made to the laborer for living expenses while the cane is maturing, and when it is harvested he receives a certain price per ton previously agreed upon, either a definite sum or a sum based upon the price of sugar. Under this system the laborer usually makes more than by the wage system, and about half the laborers work under this system. All plantation laborers receive free fuel, free medical attendance for themselves and their families and free housing. The pineapple has recently leaped into second importance in agricultural products, constituting in 1913 12 per cent of Hawaiian exports. The commercial cultivation of this fruit was first undertaken in 1890, and although it was then demonstrated that the Hawaiian pineapple was a very superior fruit, difficulties of transportation and lack of a market caused the practical abandonment of its cultivation. It was with 46 THE ALOHA GUIDE the canning of the fruit and the erection of a cannery in 1900 that the cultivation of the pineapple was once more undertaken, and with such satisfactory results, that the industry progressed by leaps and bounds, there being 10 canneries in operation in 1914, canning over 2,000,000 cases of two dozen cans each, an output one-half as great as the entire canned fruit output of the state of California. The best grade of Hawaiian sliced pineapple sells at 20 cents per 2 pound can. It takes from 18 months to two years for a pineapple to mature. Coffee ranks as the third agricultural product. Its cultivation was first undertaken in 1842 at Hanalei, Kauai, 208,000 pounds being exported eight years later, but blight discouraged the grower and its cultivation fell into abeyance for a time but was again resumed. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, 6,507,870 pounds of coffee of the value of $825,276 were exported. Hawaiian coffee is classified as a mild coffee, and is of much better quality than the Brazilian coffees. It is the hope of Hawaiian coffee producers that Congress will place a duty on foreign coffees so as to encourage the island industry. Rice production, which ranks next, is wholly in the hands of the Chinese, but the area under cultivation is becoming smaller rather than larger, because of the substitution of other crops. Much of the rice is consumed locally but during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, the value of rice shipped to the United States was $178,310. Banana cultivation is one of the old pursuits of the islands. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, there were exported 240,079 bunches of fresh bananas of the value of $150,907. Honey production and export has increased considerably in recent years. The first honey bees were imported from San Jose, California, in 1857. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, the exports of honey and beeswax amounted to $67,500. A fine grade of honey is procured from the flowers of the algeroba tree, very abundant in the islands. "ai 1x 1 E r- (3 I3 iS A G U I 53 E 47 ___b__ __ _ __ __ ___ __ _ _ _l_ _ _ _ _ s _, c!! l! l | l *_ _ _ T ~ ~, a aIIa I | 1 1 1..ag a a n l _ * _ IWfl E ~.- ~ _a a -a _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 111 = _ilI~ THE E A, LOHA GUIDE Sisal is being cultivated in a number of localities, principally near Ewa. Hawaiian sisal is of good quality and is used chiefly in manufacturing rope. The value of sisal exported during the year ending June 30, 1914 (457 tons) was $59,915. Rubber production is one of the late agricultural ventures, the value of the rubber exported during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, being $57,450. Lumber exported, koa and ohia, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, amounted to $61,708. Taro, from which poi, the Hawaiian staple diet is made, is cultivated much as is rice, in marshy land, but it is raised wholly for local consumption. The same is to be said of potatoes, sweet potatoes, sorghum and Indian corn, which are raised in small quantities. There was a time shortly after the settlement of California in the early fifties when potatoes and wheat were raised on Maui. In 1854 a steam flouring mill was erected in Honolulu and the next year 63 barrels of Hawaiian flour were shipped to California. The cultivation of wheat has now been abandoned. Truck gardening is practically entirely in the hands of Orientals. There are a number of large cattle, horse and sheep ranches in Hawaii, the largest of these being the Parker Ranch at Waimea, Hawaii. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, the value of hides of cattle exported was $173,555 and of raw wool $77,214. In 1914 there were on these ranches 120,000 head of cattle and 70,000 head of sheep and several thousand horses. COMMERCE. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, the value of the commerce of the islands was $77,144,329. Of this amount $41,594,072 constituted the value of exports and $35,550,257 the value of imports. The greatest commerce of the islands was in 1912 when it amounted to approximately $85,000,000, over $55,000,000 being exports. Under the head of "Agriculture" are specified the more important articles which T1H E ALO 0HA. G UITD E 49 E~~~~~~~~~ A R I. *I I._*. _._*__ I. I ||Il1 1l 0| I |I,-|* _ I,||ESII|_ T HE ALO H A GUIDE constitute the exports of the islands. The following statistics will graphically indicate the growth of the island commerce. In 1843 imports aggregated $ 66,618 and exports $ 223,388 1885 " 3,830,544 " 9,158,818 1890 " 6,962,201 " 13,142,829 1897 " 7,682,628 " 16,021,775 1903 " 15,817,039 " 26,275,438 1908 " 19,985,724 " 42,238,455 1913 " 36,002,940 " 43,471,940 These figures indicate the growth of the islands, while the internal revenue, customs' and postal receipts of the United States show that the islands have been a "good bargain." During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, the islands contributed to "Uncle Sam" in customs' receipts the sum of $1,184,416.12, in internal revenue receipts the sum of $246,754.46, and in postal receipts nearly $125,000, a total of $1,556,170.58. "The Federal government during the same period spent in maintenance of custom house, post-office, internal revenue office, immigration station, marine hospital and quarantine station, U. S. district court, lighthouses and harbors and the Territorial government, approximately $400,000. Appropriations for new lighthouses and harbor improvements, which are of national, rather than local importance, amount to upward of a million dollars. Also there is an appropriation of $1,000,000 for a federal building for Honolulu, but all the public improvements so far made or provided for by Congress are more than equalled by two years' income from the Territory. These figures, of course, do not include the expenditures to be made in fortifications and the naval station at Pearl Harbor, which, while important to Hawaii, are even more vital to the interests of the whole United States." Since the organization of the Territory in 1900 to June 30, 1914 customs' receipts have totaled $19,610,588.24 and internal revenue receipts $1,709,737.58, a total of $21,320,325.82. While there has been a great increase in commerce since the islands become an American territory in 1898, the ship TH E ALO HA GUIDE ping figures disclose an interesting situation-that even in 1897 Honolulu had as many vessels as it has calling today, the only difference being that today the steamship has supplanted the sailing vessel. In 1897 427 vessels of a total tonnage of 513,826 entered the harbors of the islands; in 1914 447 vessels of a total tonnage of 1,660,888 entered; in 1897 415 vessels of a total tonnage of 506,967 cleared from island ports; in 1914 445 vessels of the total tonnage of 1,642,558 cleared. The number of cabin passengers arriving in Hawaii during 1913 was 15,306 and the number departing 12,139. The Hawaiian ports of entry are Hilo, Mahukona, Kahului, Honolulu and Koloa. The assessed valuation of real and personal property of the islands in 1914 was $161,187,226. The tax rate for Honolulu for 1915 is 1.265 per cent. This rate varies in the different counties. HAWAIIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. A complete list of books dealing with Hawaii would occupy many pages of this guide, but the following titles, carefully compiled by Thomas G. Thrum, the veteran publisher of Hawaii, comprises the books that will probably be found of interest to the visitor to the Islands. Although some of these are now out of print, they are likely to be found in the stock of Thrum's, Ltd., on Fort Street, Honolulu, which is the headquarters for Hawaiian books. HISTORY. Corney's Voyages in the Northern Pacific, Bingham's History of the Sandwich Islands-Missions, Fornander's The Polynesian Race, Ellis' Polynesian Researches-IV vols., Ellis' Tour of Hawaii, Dibble's Sandwich Islands, Alexander's Brief History of the Hawaiian People, Alexander's History of the Latter Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy, Blackman's Making of Hawaii, Miss Alexander's The Story of Hawaii, Anderson's Hawaiian Islands, Liliuokalani's Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen. T H E A L O HA GUIDE MYTHOLOGY. Thrum's Hawaiian Folk Tales, Thrum's Stories of the Menehunes, Westervelt's Maui, Twombly's Kelea, Mumford's An Island God, Yates' A Tale From the Rainbow Land. DESCRIPTION AND NARRATION Bird's Six Months in the Sandwich Islands, Blackman's Making of Hawaii, Castle's Hawaii, Past and Present, Lyman's Hawaiian Yesterdays, Hallock's Hawaii under King Kalakaua, Stoddard's Island of Tranquil Delights, Goodrich's The Coming Hawaii, Krout's Alice's Visit to the Hawaiian Islands, Crawford's Seven Weeks in Hawaii, Thrum's Annual, the reference handbook of statistical and general information relating to Hawaii. POETRY Mrs. Frear's My Islands, Miss Paris' Songs of Hawaii, Wilcox's Lights and Shadows in Hawaii, McMahon's From Fair Hawaii Land, Goodhue's Songs of the Western Seas, Wright's Bits of Verse —a collection, Thrum's Tributes of Hawaiian Verse-a collection. SCIENTIFIC, ETC. Hildebrand's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, Malo's Hawaiian Antiquities, Brigham's Hawaiian Mat and Basket Weaving, Brigham's Kapa Making with folio of plates, Wilson's Birds of the Hawaiian Islands, Brigham's Volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, Hitchcock's Hawaiian Volcanoes, Wilder's Fruits of the Hawaiian Islands, Rock's Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands, Alexander's Short Synopsis of Hawaiian Grammar, Memoirs of Bishop Museum-a Guide. LIFE IN THE ISLANDS it may be generally said is usually more leisurely than in the temperate zone, but of a far more strenuous character than in the tropics proper or the Orient. Business is conducted as it is in the United States and office hours are of the same duration, but there is not that same T H E AL 0 H A G tI 1DE I53 tireless rush and hard competition, and there is greater consideration and cordiality in busiiles, In a social way the islanders are most hospitable, as many a visitor has learned to know. There is something in the islands' atmosphere and islatation hich is conducive thereto-where nature is kind man cannot help but be! Persons of note, visiting the islands seldom fail to receive attention or to become acquainted with the character of this hospitality, and the sojourner will find that the casual acquaintance will display an interest in his weltare beyornd what le has been accstomed to elsewhere. The center of social events naturally is Honolulu. Social life and society is still, as it alvays has been, characterized by its lack of rigorous formality, and people meet more on the basis of frienlship than ol that of acqtaintanceship, Ifawaiianrs and Caucasians freely intermaingle in social intercourse. Mlore recently the arrty and navy have to some extent affected society. 54 THE ALOHA GUIDE ALOHA, Needs must there be in every tongue, Or roughly spoke, or sweetly sung, A word of common greeting That beareth oft repeating. Bon Mdi, sayonara, or farewell,Spoke lightly, deeply, who can tell? Adieu, good-bye, at wiedersehn,The words are memory's reftain. Aloha, dearest of them all,What pictures doth it not recall What tender tones in telling! What sentiments upwelling! Alohta.-tis a loving cup; With what thou wilt thou fill'st iit u. A common dole to many lips, Or chalice rare; one drinks or sips, With lore athirst or sated, Sometimes with b reath abated. (By kbnd pere isssin af Mar y Dlirlghsam Freesei THE ALO HA G UIDE 55 PLEASURE, SPORTS, SIGHTSEEING. Probably nowhere else in the world so limited in extent and area can there be found so much to interest the traveler as in Hawaii. Said Hon. Oscar S. Strauss, former Secretary of the Department of Commerce and Labor: "I have seen much of the world, I am familiar with those places which are the favored lands for tourists, and my eight days' stay here has convinced me there is no land on the face of the earth, considering climate and population, and considering beauty and attractiveness of scenery and charms of hospitality, which offers so much to the tourist either in health or pleasure as this Eden of the Pacific." Motoring is particularly enjoyable because of the favorable climate and good roads one finds almost everywhere. If you own an automobile and contemplate a stay of any length by all means bring it with you. It will be necessary to procure a license, which costs $3 from Theo. Hoffmann in the Alexander Young Building, to drive your car, and if you remain in the Territory longer than a month you will be required to register the car at the Police Station, which will cost $5. Licenses obtained in Honolulu are not good on the other islands. No automobile is allowed on any pier, wharf or dock under its own power. All gasoline tanks must be emptied before any automobile is accepted upon vessels for transportation. The speed limit within the Honolulu city limits is 15 miles per hour. The Honolulu traffic ordinance may be obtained at the Police Station free. Horse-back riding is a pastime and recreation both pleasurable and interesting, because on the islands there are innumerable places of interest which can best be so reached. The Hawaiian men and women are good riders. Hawaii cowboys have shown up favorably in contests both at Cheyenne in 1908 and in the islands. Women usually ride astride. Saddle horses and carriages can be obtained at reasonable rates. Sea-bathing in the Islands is unexcelled and there are many splendid sandy beaches everywhere. Of the bathing at Waikiki Beach Sir Frederick Treves, Bart said: "One great joy of Honolulu is the sea bathing, for nothing can surpass it. T H E A LO H A G U I D E Those who find delight in this rudimentary pursuit must go to the Hawaiian Islands to understand it in its perfection. It may be claimed that there is luxurious bathing on the Lido by Venice, or at Atlantic City, or on the coast between Cape Town and Durban. These places, as Mercutio said of his wound, 'will serve,' but they fail to approach such bathing as can be found in the cove which lies in the shelter of Diamond Head." Seabathing in the Islands is delightful the year round, the average temperature of the water being 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Surf-riding is as much the sport of modern Hawaii as it was of ancient Hawaiian royalty. No visitor should leave the Islands without having participated in this popular and exhilarating pastime. There are two methods, one in dugout outrigger canoes, requiring no exertion on the part of the rider, the other on the surf board, which requires considerable time and skill to master. In the first the canoe is paddled by sturdy young Hawaiians out some distance from the shore (from 1/4 to 1/2 a mile) where, turned about, at the favorable moment it is skilfully guided before the crest of an oncoming comber and is by it borne shoreward at very great speed, much like a toboggan coming down the incline or a boat "shooting the chutes." In surf-boarding a board, usually of red-wood, two or three inches thick, about two feet wide and from six to nine feet long, the front end or bow running to a point, is used. Great skill is frequently attained on this. Resting upon this board 'the rider will likewise be swiftly carried shoreward maneuvering at the crest of the foamy wave either lying flat on his stomach using his feet as a rudder, or kneeling and sometimes even standing upright or upon his head. Watching from the beach alone is interesting, but if the visitor has sufficient time to give thereto he may even essay and accomplish the feat himself. See "Waikiki." With all the opportunities that are offered Hawaii naturally has many excellent swimmers. Duke Kahanamoku holds a number of world's records and there are many other local swimmers not far behind him. Yachting finds favor with many enthusists. Three transPacific yacht races between San Pedro and Honolulu have r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r:a~~~~~~~~ THEALOHA GUIDE already been held. At intervals races around Oahu or to Molokai or elsewhere are held, while in and off Honolulu and Pearl Harbors yachts are always to be seen. The Honolulu Yacht Club and the Myrtle and Healani Boat Clubs foster this sport. Rowing is very popular, especially at Honolulu, where the Myrtle and the Healani Boat Clubs have for more than twenty years been rivals in four-oared shell, six-oared and pair-oared sliding seat barge rowing contests. Regatta Day, the third Saturday in September, a legal holiday, is the important rowing carnival day, but races are also held on July 4, and at other times. Occasionally crews from the other islands or from the Pacific Coast participate in these races. Shark-hunting is a most exciting sport and he who is fortunate enough to take part will long remember the occasion. A launch is required for the purpose. At Honolulu this can be obtained at a cost of $15 per half-day for a launch holding from 6 to 8 persons from Young Brothers below Pier 2. A dead horse or cow is the usual bait. This is towed to a favorable locality, usually beyond Pearl Harbor, and after being anchored time is allowed for the sharks to appear. The launch then returns and the exciting part of the hunt begins. Harpoons are driven into the sharks as they attack the bait and then begins a struggle which may last a considerable time which requires skillful maneuvering on the part of the hunters. The party eventually returns triumphant with the conquered sharks lashed to the launch. Flying Fish Shooting is a sport much enjoyed by handlers of guns. In this a launch is also required. Cruising a short distance from land the hunters stand in the bow and shoot the flying fish as they appear out of the water, either singly or in schools. Fishing is becoming more popular all the time. There is but little inland fishing, the streams being small and the fish inhabiting them being gold fish and similar small species. In the ocean, however, there is excellent fishing, and offshore fishing banks, shoals, reefs and channels abound on all the islands. The island game fish include tuna, ocean TII1F, A 1OIIHA G UI DE 5 THE ALOHA GUIDE bonito, California bonito, yellowtail and amber fish, swordfish, black sea bass, tarpon, dolphin, barracuda, ulua and many others. The Hawaii Tuna Club has its headquarters at the Hawaii Promotion Committee rooms in Honolulu. Parties are frequently organized for fishing along the coasts. Most of the commercial fishing is in the hands of the Japanese. The Hawaiians fish spasmodically and chiefly to supply their own needs. Along Waikiki Beach and on other reefs they may frequently be seen at night with spears in their hands fishing by the light of torches they carry with them to attract the fish. Mountain climbing, tramping and picnicing can afford more genuine pleasure to the visitor than almost any other recreation the islands offer, for nowhere else can one get such keen delight from then. The most beautiful mountain scenery, vegetation and landscapes are to be had only by leaving the highways of travel and ascending the mountains or going into the tropical recesses of the numerous valleys of the islands. From the mountains one invariably has superb glimpses and views of mountain chains, valleys, level country and blue ocean, while in the valleys one is in communion with nature in her innermost recesses and has all about one strange trees, beautiful ferns, luxuriant tropical vegetation and island fruits. One does not know Hawaii until one has been in its mountains. There are always well beaten trails on all the islands, but about Honolulu special efforts have been directed towards cutting good trails. A khaki suit and tramping shoes will insure perfect comfort to ladies and gentlemen. Hunting of various kinds may be had in the islands. There are wild goats on all the islands; wild hogs, dogs and cattle on Hawaii, Maui and Kauai; deer on Molokai. In Haleakala crater and on some of the islands there are wild turkeys. In season ducks, pheasants, plover, doves, etc., offer good shooting. Most of the pheasants are on private lands but the owners usually grant permission to individuals to shoot them. A gun license of $5.50 is required in each county in which a person hunts. See "County." "r" rE = 11l a 1- cr s i~ cT rr r 4 I ~HEt Al OHt A G T-T ID 1. a t _ __ I o., uS _ _ i * _ 'r.l N 1111 s! I i I I * F1 I I I 11,,.. _11111 ~~~~~~~~~~EA.IIqS 1E Rs i l 3|1 11. __ =_~~~~~~~~~~~~E THE ALOHA GUIDE The Hawaiian game law is as follows: It shall be unlawful to take, kill or destroy any migratory wild duck, plover, snipe, turnstone curlew, stilt or mud hen, between the first day of May and the first day of October. To take, kill or destroy any native wild duck, quail or pheasant between the first day of February and the first day of October. To take, kill or destroy any wild dove or wild pigeon between the first day of February and the first day of July. To take, gather or destroy the eggs of any wild duck, mudhen, pheasant, dove, pigeon or quail at any time. To buy, sell or offer for sale, transport or have in possesion any of said game at any time when it is unlawful to kill the same. To take, kill or destroy any skylarks; to take, gather or destroy any eggs of such skylarks at any time; or to buy, sell or offer for sale or have in possession skylarks at any time. Any person convicted of violating any of the provisions of the section shall be fined not less than $50.00 nor more than $200.00, or be imprisoned for a term of not less than 7 days nor more than 6 months. One-half the fine imposed in cases of convictions to be paid to the informer. Athletic Sports are indulged in freely in Hawaii. Baseball has a firm hold and besides being played by the schools is also played by several amateur baseball leagues. At intervals baseball teams from the mainland play in Honolulu. Football of the American variety is played by the several high schools and colleges and by local voluntary teams. Association football is played in the same manner. Polo has been played in Hawaii for twenty-five years and excellent matches are played off in Honolulu each summer. The islands of Kauai, Oahu and Maui and the U. S. Cavalry at Schofield Barracks always enter teams on these occasions. Hawaiian polo teams have participated in matches on the Pacific Coast, and Hawaiian mounts, regarded as among the best, have been used by the American team in international matches at Meadowbrook. THE ALOHA GUIDE Tennis is very popular, and there are in Honolulu several tennis associations besides numerous private courts. Golf is much played. The Country Club at Honolulu has an eighteen hole course, and in the neighborhood of Honolulu there are links at Moanalua, at Schofield Barracks and at Haleiwa Hotel. Cricket finds many partisans especially among the English and Scotch residents. Indoor sports such as handball, baseball, basket ball, wrestling, boxing and gymnastics are indulged in at the Y. M. C. A. Sightseeing will undoubtedly occupy the greater portion of the visitor's time, and here he will find ample to take his attention for some time. The various islands each have their peculiar attractions and ought to be visited if the time can be spared. Hawaii has the great active volcanoes of Mokuaweoweo and Kilauea, splendid scenery along the Hamakua railway and elsewhere, and the three great peaks. Maui has Haleakala, the largest extinct crater in the world, which, as Jack London says "has a message of beauty and wonder for the human soul that cannot be delivered by proxy.'" This island also has the beautiful Iao Valley, the 'Yosemite of Hawaii.' Oahu has Honolulu, a beautiful tropical city, the Bishop Museum, Waikiki Beach, the Aquarium, the Pali, Punchbowl, Tantalus, Diamond Head, the Capitol, numerous public buildings, and in common with other islands sugar plantations and mills, pineapple fields and canneries, rice and taro patches, beautiful residential sections, wonderful tropical vegetation and scenery and numerous other points and things of interest. Kauai, the 'Garden Isle' has Waimea Canyon, the barking sands, the beautiful Hanalei region and a riot of tropical foliage and vegetation which surpasses any of the other islands. THE VOYAGE TO HONOLULU across the ocean is likely to be most pleasant. From the American coast it will take from six to seven days, depending on the speed of the steamship. The voyager will be impressed by the bright tropical ocean through which his vessel is plowing, by the increasing intens .~~~~~~~~~~~~~..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 ___!~~~~~~~~~~ w~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.~~~~ I! _ w S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( f 0 I | | i l X i I | _ * | | X ~ *4 = g | _ * | | - _ _ _ I - - | l * --- -.. OAHU HAWAI/AN /S1LANDO Sca/e I/ lch = 2000o0 a. 7 CGacpi/d for /k& Hawaii Pronmo/hon Crww By H.E.N/ewfo. AXt. /908 - KaM'kVP'~~~~~~~ ky~~~~~~~~~r.J / S. I, - I P~~~~I,. j... 1. iW, I i-8 - E Ptf. Scad/ of Zfli/es a 1 2, 4 5 9 7 9 0 m l 4 I,qk:Pi/ MokpAAPf^ A [ N r I is 4 I 1';ji\ cX44\ $1 'I THE ALOHAGUIDE 65 ity of its blue and its apparent translucency, by the long regular lazy swells which, if he has voyaged much, he will contrast with the restlessness of other seas; he will be interested in the phosphorescense visible on dark nights in the wake of the ship or by the perfect peace and beauty of the nights on which the moonlight scintilates afar across the waters; perchance also by the whales, porpoises and, as he approaches the islands, by the schools of fleeing flying fish. All this aside from the deck games and the companionships aboard ship. Ships he may pass, although not so frequently as upon the Atlantic, for the Pacific is the ocean of the future. HONOLULU is the capital and commercial metropolis of the Hawaiian Islands. It is situated on Oahu, the third island in size in the group, it being 46 miles in length and 25 miles in width and having an area of 600 square miles. Running the length of the island, and forming a backbone, as it were, is the Koolau range of mountains, from northwest to southeast, maintaining a course parallel with, and a few miles from the northern coast. Southwest of this range and paralleling it, is the Waianae range, one-half its length, having an intervening plateau. Approaching Honolulu from the east, as all coming from America will, the traveler sees the eastern end of Oahu at his right, and on the left or port side if the day be clear, the hills of Molokai. This eastern portion of Oahu, with its brown, barren mountains is the least attractive portion of all the island. The vessel soon passes the Makapuu Point light, a powerful light installed in 1909 not long after the mammoth steamship Mongolia had one night gone upon the rocks nearby, the extinct volcanic craters of Koko (blood) Head, and then Leahi or Diamond Head with its lighthouse, beyond which lies the city. All along the coast are seen long lines of foamy breakers rushing shoreward in endless succession and, lying now before Honolulu, there are even more of these to be seen in the direction of Waikiki Beach, between the ship and Diamond Head. Honolulu is beautifully located upon a good harbor, entered by a curving channel 200 feet wide, 40 feet deep and a mile and a quarter long, and is on the south side of the eastern 66.TIE ALOHA GUIDE HONOLULU. end of Oah The harbor was discovered in 1794 by Captain Brown, an Englishman. The word Honolulu means peaceful asttleie nt or group The city, built originally about the harbor, haa expanded in all directions_ nto the opening valleys and onto the hills and mountains spurs at the back, and eaat~ ward and westward upon the low plains which follow the coat line d atretrh inland a few niles towards the rising mounm taie. While lying there near the channel entrance the eustoma and health authorities will soon have boarded and "pasaed" the ve ssel. and before long it will be ateaing into the hart heor, ging au, between farewells to fellowvpaqaengers, a neara er vo-w of the city and the variousa lndmarkva We will not see many buildings, because they are almost comdletely haid den by the numeroi n trees, except in the businerss ectins At the back of the city we will notice Piuneibowl Hill, a lo round oextnct crater, rising isolated and barren, in contrast with the beautifully verdant valleys and mountain beyoafd and to either ide. Upon thee mountains, more than likely, we will see fleecy white and pearly grey nmulus londs reaV ing, which, as the break from tme to ti discle vistas beyond. To our right Diamond Head seems to encins e and guard the bty, and g it itr doe for it aa the tngeat lfortlicatione in the and. Right at han, to our left eia Quarantine Island, which i a federal Immtgrathio stel THEALOHA GUIDE 67 tion. Beyond, extending almost from landlocked Pearl Harbor, the U. S. naval base, across the plains onto the mountains at the north are acres and acres of sugar-cane, a mellow green in color. And to the extreme left we will note Barber's Point, stretching northward from which is the Waianae range of mountains in greens and purples, lights and shadows. Ind ed, what will most impress us, will probably be the formation of the mountains and the colors, for as the artist George S. Roorbach has said: "Honolulu is a place of wonderful lights. The ever recurring and oversweeping clouds and gentle showers, the sunlight breaking through, mist and rainbow and passing shadows over a landscape of marvellous greens and blues give possibilities for poetry in art unequalled anywhere." As we approach the pier native boys swimming in the harbor and diving for coin will next attract attention. Should the vessel be coming from the Orient or Australasia the only change in views will be that they will be seen from a different angle. GETTING TO THE HOTEL. Landing from the boat the traveler will find at the pier hacks, automobiles and taxicabs to convey him to his destination. The fare to all downtown hotels for hacks and taxicabs is 25 cents per passenger and for automobiles is $1 and 50 cents for each additional passenger. See "Legal Rates of Fare." But he will, in most cases be able to reach it by the electric cars by asking the conductor a question or two. If he arrive on a boat of either the Pacific Mail, Canadian-Australasian, Toyo Kisen Kaisha or Oceanic lines he will take the electric car traveling towards his left and arrive within a block of any of the down-town hotels; if he come on a Matson boat he may walk one short block north or inland, and taking any electric car going towards his right arrive before the Alexander Young Hotel and by securing a transfer at Fort Street arrive in front of either the Blaisdell, Hawaiian or other down-town hotels. The car marked "Waikiki" will take him to the front door of all the beach hotels. 6 X e 1E o:~ fC Il ne ~, e~~ 0 _ _ S ' * *~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~r. l l | - l | l l l _~,;c I I 111 _ U111 I I I | I ~~E; l I 11R s l l ~ Sz | ll:: l _ llS | | I i I 0 _I I 11 I I l I _I I * I Sn'tW B~~~~~ I I _ I I X I E g Fgg'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iis l l _ l i - l _ - - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I:! I I l | ~E;I q I s _ * I ] I I _ W | ~~~~~~~~~~~EIij TH E AL O H A GUIDE LIVING EXPENSES need be no more in the islands than the traveler is accustomed to elsewhere and the standard of living need be no different. A person may spend as little or as much as he desires. Living expenses for the householder are slightly higher than on the Pacific Coast, although there are compensations in that houses require no heating and a person may dispense with heavy clothing and wear summer clothing the year round. The stranger remaining but a brief period will probably do best by going to one of the first-class hotels where he will find all the comforts and conveniences of such places, while the sojourner remaining a month or more will find that he can secure accommodations at one of the smaller out of town hostelries at from $40 to $75 per month for good board and lodging. Honolulu has no apartments but furnished rooms may be had in private families. It is unfortunately true that there are but few first-class popular priced restaurants such as are common on the mainland, this remaining a problem awaiting solution and being another reason why board and lodging can be better had together. HOTELS. The foremost hotel in town is the Alexander Young Hotel, run on the European plan in connection with the cafe of the same name. The foremost beach hotel is the Moana Hotel. The Hawaiian, the Blaisdell and the Majestic in town provide rooms without meals. The Seaside, Hustace Villa, the Halekulani, and the Ainahau at Waikiki Beach are moderate priced, refined hotels run on the American plan. The Pleasanton, the Colonial, the Courtland are out of town hotels furnishing excellent accommodations and board, something that can also be said of the boarding houses hereafter enumerated. The Promotion Committee (q. v.) keeps a revised list of available lodging and boarding houses. Tourists should bear in mind that it may not always be possible to secure the minimum rates quoted, because of the limited supply. THE ALEXANDER YOUNG HOTEL is situated in the heart of the city on Bishop street. It is four stories in height, six at the two ends, is built of grey granite'and cost $1,000,000. It has a roof garden one-third of an acre in ex THE ALOHA GUIDE tent where refreshments are served and concerts given at intervals, and from which a fine view of the city may be had. At either end of this roof garden is a dance pavilion. The hotel, built in 1900, is fireproof and thoroughly modern, modelled after mainland city hotels. Meals are provided at the Alexander Young Cafe, whose cuisine is unexcelled. It accommodates 300 guests, and is conducted on the European plan: $2 per day upward. (See adv. in back.) THE ROYAL HAWAIIAN HOTEL is under the same management as the Young and Moana hotels. It is two blocks east of the Young. The original and main building, of concrete, three stories in height, was opened to the public in 1872 and until the Young displaced it in favor was the leading hotel. Numerous cottages and additions have been placed in the spacious grounds, which cover 3 acres. The broad verandas and the vegetation give it a tropical atmosphere. It accommodates 175 guests. No meals are served. $1.50 per day upward. (See adv. in back.) THE BLAISDELL HOTEL at the corner of Fort Street and Chaplain Lane is in the heart of town, housed in a four-story concrete structure completed in 1912. Verandas run along the rear of each floor. It accommodates 100 guests. Fort Street cars pass the door. No meals are served. $1 per day upward; $5 to $15 per week; $20 to $45 per month. (See adv. in back.) THE MAJESTIC HOTEL is at the corner of Fort and Beretania Streets. Fort Street cars pass by. It accommodates 125 guests. No meals are served. $1 per day upward; $2.50 to $7 per week; $10 to $25 per month. THE MOANA HOTEL is beautifully located at Waikiki Beach about 3/2 miles from town. It is an attractive threestory frame building with spacious verandas on each floor, set in the midst of fine lawns and palm trees. Sea bathing and surfing here are unexcelled. The Waikiki cars pass the door. The cuisine is the very best. It accommodates 175 guests. Every Sunday evening a Hawaiian quintette furnishes music on the rear veranda. American plan: $5 per day upward. (See adv. in back.) THE ALOHA GUIDE 71 THE SEASIDE HOTEL is on the town side of the Moana and has the same advantages of ocean and beach. It is comprised of cottages set among splendid cocoanut groves. It sets a good table, and accommodates 90 guests. American plan $2 per day upward. (See adv. in back.) HUSTACE VILLA is on the Diamond Head side of the Moana with like advantages. It has two main buildings. It accommodates 50 guests. American plan $2 to $3 per day; $50 to $75 per month. THE HALEKULANI HOTEL, formerly the Hau Tree, is on the town side of the Seaside, 2199 Kalia Road, and like it, is on the cottage plan. It accommodates 60 guests. American plan $2 to $4 per day; $55 per month upward. THE AINAHAU HOTEL has its entrance opposite the Moana and is not on the beach, but in the beautiful tropical jungle which was the residence of the late A. S. Cleghorn, father of the deceased Princess Kaiulani. This is also on the cottage plan, and accommodates 75 guests. American plan $1.50 to $2.50 per day; $40 to $75 per month. THE PLEASANTON HOTEL is at the corner of Wilder Avenue and Punahou Street on the Punahou carline, and is the most extensive of the out of town hotels, having four acres of grounds and a number of large buildings. It has tennis courts, a plunge, sets a fine table and caters to dinner parties. It accommodates 200 guests and grants free garage privileges. American plan $2.50 to $10 per day; special rates for army, navy and tourists stopping a month or more. THE COURTLAND HOTEL is at the corner of Punahou and Beretania Streets on the Beretania (Waialae) carline. It has several buildings and accommodates 75 guests. It sets a fine table and caters to dinner parties. American plan $2 to $3 per day; $45 upward per month. (See adv. in back.) THE COLONIAL HOTEL is on Emma Street, not far from the center of town. The Emma and Liliha Street car passes the door. The main building is the former Campbell mansion, but there are also many cottages in the fine tropical grounds. It accommodates 80 guests. American plan $2 to $5 per day; $55 to $75 per month. (See adv. in back.) 72 THE ALOHA GUIDE BOARDING HOUSES. Consult the advertisements for the places hereafter marked by an asterisk. Name. Location. Alcove..........1345 Emma Street...... Argonaut, The.. 627 Beretania Street.... Bergin, P...... 408 Beretania Street.... Bolton, Mrs. E.. Cor. Punchbowl and Hotel Bougainvillea... 746 Beretania Street.... Cassidy Place*.2005 Kalia Road......... Donna, The*.... 1262 Beretania Street.... Granville........1045 King Street........ Gray, Mrs. L. M2221 Kalia Road........ Hill, Mrs. P. J..1920 Young Street....... Homestead, The.610 S. King Street...... lolani...........Waialae Road, Kaimuki... Johnson House.1065 Punchbowl.......... MacDonald, The.1402 Punahou Street..... Melva.......... 1708 Nuuanu Street...... Paty, Mrs. Wm..1641 Anapuni Street..... Rex, The........King and Richards Streets Roselawn*.....1368 King Street........ Shady Nook....1049-50 Beretania Ave... Stewart's Hall..2065 Lanihuli Drive... Vida Villa*....1030 S. King......... Villa Lani.... Cor. Beretania and Punch. FURNISHED ROOMS. Rates Week. $10.00 10.00 Month. $..... 35.00 40.00 10.00..... 10.00..... 12.50 up..... 15.00 up 8.00 30.00 9.00 up.... 10.00..... 10 to 15..... 10 to 12 35-40 10.00..... 10.00 40.00 10.00 40.00 10.00.......... 40 up 10.00 up... 10.00 Rates Name. Location. Week. Month. Allangton.......Union and Hotel......... 3.00 up.... Arlington, The..Hotel Street........... 3.00 up Cressaty........2011 Kalia Road........Furnished Cottages Elite, The.......Hotel Street............ 3 to 5 12 to 1S Ganzel's Place..Cor. Fort and Vineyard.......... (Fur. rooms, hkpg. rooms and cottages) Helen's Court...Adams Lane............ 3 to 5 Metropole, The..1150 Alakea Street......2.50 to 7 10 to 25 New Era, The.. Fort Street.............4.00 (man & wife) Oakland, The...1189 Alakea Street......2.50 to 5 Occidental HotelCor. Alakea and King Sts. 2 to 5.... THEALOHA GUIDE 73 Queen's.........1374 Nuuanu Street.....2.50 to 3..... Seldom Inn, The424 Beretania Street.... 3 to 5..... RESTAURANTS AND CAFES. The Alexander Young Cafe on Bishop Street adjoins the hotel office on the ground floor. This is the best cafe in the city. A bakery and candy shop are run in connection with it. In the basement is a rathskeller, especially adapted to dinner parties. Meals are a la carte, excepting that a business man's lunch may be had at the noon hours. The Sweet Shop on Hotel Street opposite the Young Cafe is a popular-priced restaurant, having a cafeteria which is run during the noon hour. The Union Grill on King Street, west of Fort is a popularpriced restaurant. The Beaver Lunch Room is on Fort Street near Queen. The Manhattan Cafe is on Hotel Street near Fort. LEGAL RATES OF FARE. MAKE ALL ARRANGEMENTS AS TO DESTINATION AND CHARGES IN ADVANCE. Every licensed automobile or carriage is numbered, and the driver required by law to carry a copy of "Regulations for Licensed Vehicles Drawn by Animals and Rates of Fare." There are a number of Taxi Companies in the City whose rates are low. Get their printed rate lists. Distance not exceeding one mile (within certain limits) Hacks Automobiles One passenger.................. $.25 $1.00 one or two Each additional passenger.......25.50 Distance not exceeding two miles (within certain limits)One passenger...................50 1.00 Each additional passenger......50.50 Continuous Driving by the HourOne passenger...................50.... Each additional passenger.......50... One to Six......................... 4.00 Each additional passenger...........50 To Pall and Return THE ALOHA GUIDE One or two passengers.......... 5.00.... One to four....................... 6.00 Each additional passenger...... 1.00.50 For Punchbowl Drive and ReturnOne or two passengers.......... 3.00.... One to four................... 4.00 Each additional passenger......50.50 To Bridge Entrance, Kapiolani Park (one way)One passenger.................. 1.00 1.50 Each additional passenger.......50.50 Moanalua Polo G'd Drive and Ret.One or two passengers......... 5.00.... One to four.................... 4.00 Each additional passenger...... 1.00.50 Around Diamond Head Drive & Ret. One or two passengers......... 4.00.... One to four........................4.00 Each additional passenger...... 1.00.50 To Waialua (Haleiwa Hotel) & Ret. One to four........................ 20.00 Each additional passenger.......... 1.50 Around Island of OahuOne to six passengers........ 30.00 CALLING AND SHOPPING —/2 time waiting, 3.00 per hour for I to 4 passengers; 50c. for each additional. CHILDREN over five and not over ten years of age, half fare; under five years, free. DOUBLE FARE may be collected for carriages and hacks, between 11 p. m. and 6 a. m.; and for automobiles for runs within radius of six miles during the same period of time. For rates to other destinations, see book "Rates of Fares" carried by driver. HONOLULU LIVERY SERVICE. SADDLE HORSE half day, $2.50; by week, $10.50; SINGLE HORSE AND BUGGY without driver, half day, $3.00; special rates for longer time; TWO HORSES and 2-SEATED SURRY half day, without driver, $6.00; with driver, $7.00. All day or longer, special rates by arrangement. Sundays and holidays higher rates are charged. 1C" 1E3E B Ea -r (3 EJ: LI_ C 1C7 X I11, j "56 bNi:;tY'" ~i I I ~irsll ,ni?~ '"iA: laii~4eslrau;,i.~~cl '... r~,... ~ ~a h t&.r nr~ r~ ~II I r 8~ r i~ U1 ~~ re C iii Oj -s i~~ %l,,ii;'~'"i~"ii"l:;::~~i:IBi~:i~ B.. U,,,*i, i~,~ ~L,~:~~,;,P d " i;ii 2 11 ir~ 1.11.I, ; THEALOHA GUIDE BUSINESS REFERENCES. Consult the advertisements at the back of this guide for those firms marked by an asterisk. Automobiles and supplies: *Schuman Carriage Co., *Von Hamm-Young Co. Automobiles and taxicabs for hire: Stands: Behn and Benford, Bethel Street, Bishop Park, Bishop Street, Hotel Street, *Hughes, King Street, *Lewis, McGregor's, Merchant Street, Oahu, Royal Hawaiian Garage, Union, Young. Baggage transfer and express companies: Andrews, *City Transfer Co., Gomes, *Hawaiian, Healani, *Honolulu Construction and Draying Co., Nieper's, People's, Reliable, Star, Union-Pacific Transfer Co., Victor, Wells, Fargo & Co. Express. Barbers: Alexander Young Hotel, Jeffs, Model, Occidental, Pacheco, Silent, Somma, Union. Books: Arleigh & Co., *Gurrey's, Ltd., Hawaiian News Co., Thrum's, Ltd., Wall, Nichols Co. Carpets and rugs: All furniture stores, and Davies & Co., H. Hackfeld & Co., *Von Hamm-Young Co. Chinese goods: *Yee Chan Co. Cigars: Fitzpatrick Bros., *Gunst & Co., Home Industry Tobacco Co. Clothes cleaning, pressing: *French Laundry, and tailors. Confectionery: *Alexander Young Cafe, Sweet Shop, and imported candies at all drug and grocery stores. Curios: H. Culman, J. A. Gonsalves, *Hawaii and South Seas Curio Co., H. F. Hill, Island Curio Co., Miss May Johnson, Kodagraph Shop. Developing and printing: *Gurrey's, Ltd., *Honolulu Photo Supply Co., *R. W. Perkins. Drugs: *Benson, Smith & Co., *Chambers Drug Co., Hollister & Co., Honolulu Drug Co. Dry goods, wearing apparel, fancy goods, notions, hosiery: Ehlers & Co., Jordan & Co., Sachs & Co., Whitney & Marsh. Electrical supplies: *Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd. Florists: Snyder & Shaw, Mrs. E. M. Taylor. Fruit: Fishmarket, Territorial Marketing Division. Furniture: Bailey's, Coyne Furniture Co., Hopp & Co. THE ALO HA GUIDE 77 Garages: Associated, Ever-Ready, Hustace, Kellog, Royal Hawaiian, *Schuman Carriage Co., *Von Hamm-Young Co. Groceries: *C. J. Day & Co., Levy & Co., May & Co. Hack stands: Bethel, City Carriage Co., Hawaiian, Pauahi, Union, United. Hardware, crockery, cutlery, etc: Davies & Co., Dimond & Co., Fernandez & Son, Hall & Son. Houses for rent: *Guardian Trust, *Hawaiian Trust, *J. H. Schnack, *Trent Trust, *Waterhouse Trust. Japanese goods: *The Cherry, *Sayegusa. Jewelers: H. Culman, H. Haffner, Wall & Dougherty, Wichman & Co., *Vieira Jewelry Co. Laundries: Alexander Young, American, *French, White Seal. Livery stables: Club, *Lewis, Territory. Men' furnishings: Clarion Clothing Co., *M. McInerny, Silva's Toggery. Millinery: Mrs. C. L. Dickerson, Ehlers & Co., Jordan & Co., MacGregor & Blatt, Milton & Parsons, Miss G. Power. Musical instruments, graphophones, etc.: *Bergstrom Music Co., Hawaiian News Co., Honolulu Music Co., Wall, Nichols Co. Paintings: *Gurrey's, Ltd., D. H. Hitchcock. Photographic views: R. J. Baker, R. K. Bonine, J. A. Gonsalves, *Gurrey's, Ltd., *Honolulu Photo Supply Co., *R. W. Perkins, J. J. Williams. Photographic supplies: *Gurrey's, Ltd., Hollister Drug, *Honolulu Photo Supply Co. Portrait photography: R. K. Bonine, *R. W. Perkins, J. J. Williams. Picture framing: *Gurrey's, Ltd., *Honolulu Photo Supply Co. Shoes, boots, etc: Jacobsen Bros., Manufacturers' Shoe Co., *McInerny Shoe Store, Regal Shoe Store. Shoe Repairing: Manufacturers' Shoe Co., *M. McInerny Shoe Store, Regal Shoe Store. Steamship offices: See page 10. Tailors: J. S. Martin, George Martin, *M. McInerny, J. E. Rocha. 78 T H E ALOHA GUIDE Trunks and suitcases: Davies & Co., Hackfeld & Co., Hofschlaeger & Co., *M. McInerny, Phillips & Co., *Von HammYoung Co. Vulcanizing: Auto Service & Supply Co., Ltd., J. W. Kershner, Kershner Vulcanizing Co. Watchmakers: M. R. Counter, H. Culman, H. Kruger, Wall & Dougherty, Wichman & Co., *Vieira Jewelry Co. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. BANKS. Honolulu has eight banking institutions. Banking hours are 10 to 3. The oldest of these is Bishop & Co. at the corner of Merchant and Kaahumanu Streets, founded August 17, 1858. It is a copartnership composed of S. M. Damon, A. W. T. Bottomley and J. Cockburn. It also has a savings department. Its capital is $800,000 and its surplus and undivided profits (Jan. 1, 1915) $118,675.61. Bank of Honolulu, Ltd. in the Brewer Building on Fort Street between Merchant and Queen Streets, is the successor to the banking house of Claus Spreckels & Co., founded in May, 1885. Its capital stock is $600,000 and surplus, $65,426.16. Bank of Hawaii, Ltd. This bank, founded in 1897, has luxurious quarters at the corner of Fort and Merchant Streets. Its capital stock is $600,000 and surplus and undivided profits $691,357.51. The First National Bank, operating since 1900, is located at the corner of King and Fort Streets. Its capital stock is $500,000 and it has a surplus and undivided profits amounting to $269,002.53. First American Savings Bank is in the same building with the First National Bank. Its capital stock is $139,000 and it has a surplus of $26,602.17. The Yokohama Specie Bank is a branch of the Japanese institution. Its quarters are at the corner of Bethel and Merchant Streets. It has been doing business in Honolulu since August, 1892. The Japanese Bank is located at the corner of Smith and Hotel Streets. Its capital is $30,000. THEALOHAGUIDE The Pacific Bank, Ltd. is located on King Street near Maunakea. Its capital stock is $100,000 and it has a surplus of $6,731.33. TRUST COMPANIES. The Hawaiian Trust Co. has fine quarters in the Kauikeolani Building on King Street near Fort Street. Its capital stock is $200,000 and undivided profits (Jan. 1, 1915) are $179,767.60. Henry Waterhouse Trust Co. is at the corner of Fort and Merchant Streets. Its capital stock is $200,000 of which $100,000 is paid in, and its undivided profits $146,418.30. Trent Trust Co. is on Fort Street between King and Merchant. Its capital stock is $100,000 and undivided profits $35,958.88. Bishop Trust Co. is on Bethel Street between King and Merchant. Its capital stock is $200,000 and undivided profits $22,049.74. Guardian Trust Co. is on Merchant Street near Fort. Its capital stock is $200,000 and undivided profits $36,180.67. Insurance. Honolulu has proved a good field for insurance companies which are plentifully represented. Premiums paid for all kinds of insurance in 1913 amounted to $1,654,691.75 and losses paid to $449,573.20, the entire amount written being $91,821,563.72. There is one local insurance concern, The Home Insurance Co. of Hawaii, Ltd. with a capital stock of $100,000 half.of it paid in. Its office is at the corner of Fort and King Streets. The Board of Fire Underwriters is an association of the fire insurance agents with offices in the Boston Building which assists in fixing rates and adjusting losses. FEDERAL OFFICES. The'United States Congress has appropriated the sum of $1,325,000 to be used in the acquisition of land and the erection of a suitable federal office building, and it is hoped that in the near future this will be done. The Postoffice is at the corner of Merchant and Bethel Streets. This building has been in use ever since its opening in March, 1870, although increasing business has caused its money order and registry divisions to overflow into the adjoining McCandless Building on Bethel Street. 80 T H E A L O H A G UJ I D E The general delivery window is open daily from 6 a. m. until midnight, except Sunday. The money order division is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., but money orders may be procured at the general delivery window until midnight. No money orders cashed except at the reguar money order division. The registry division is open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m., but registered mail will be received at the general delivery window until midnight. Mail for city delivery in business section leaves P. O. on week days at 8:00 and 10:30 a. m. and 1:30 and 3:30 p. m., and for the residence section at 8 a. m. and 2 p. m., except Sunday. Hours of Closing Mails.-On all mail steamers sailing for San Francisco, between 7 o'clock a. m. and 10 p. m., ordinary mail closes one hour and thirty minutes before advertised time of departure; registered mail, two hours and thirty minutes before advertised time of departure. On all mail steamers sailing for San Francisco at or after 10 o'clock p. m., and before 7 o'clock on the following morning, ordinary mail closes at 9 o'clock p. m., registered mail at 8 p. m. Inter-island mails close forty-five minutes before the sailing of steamers, excepting those by steamers Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, which close one hour before sailing. The Custom House is at the foot of Fort Street, corner of Allen. This building is also an old landmark, having been built in 1852. Adjoining it on Allen Street are the offices of the United States Public Health Service of Hawaii. The Internal Revenue Office is in the basement of the Capitol. The Immigration Department is in a large building on the waterfront near Pier 1, at the terminus of the Punahou and Fort Street carline. The District Court and clerk's office are on the third floor of the Model Block on Fort Street opposite the Catholic Cathedral. On the second floor are the United States marshal and the U. S. district attorney. THiE A LO A GUIDE 81 The U. S. Weather Bureau and Observation Station are on the roof of the Alexander Young Building, the King Street side. Meteorological reports from all the sllands are transamitedto t is bureau monthly The magnetic station is at Barber's Point, 15 miles by sea and 20 iles by rail from the city The Experiment Station of the department of Agriculture occupies an extensive tract of valley land and hill slope in tle rear of Punchbowl, which is readily reached by the Puna houn car to the corner of Wilder Avenue and Pensacola Street dence of the special agent in charge are all located here wihere much valuable agricultural work is being done. The War Department Headquarters are on the econd floor of the Alexander Young Building. The Navy and Engineering Departments are at the Pearl Harbor Stationl, the former having formerly beeln on the waterfrort at the foot of liehards Street A S U SX TX _ X X * I | -~~~~~~~~'~ _; E l _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ro 82 THEALOH A GUIDE INDUSTRIAL. Honolulu is the industrial as well and the political and commercial center of the Hawaiian Islands, although industrially, Hawaii is rather limited in its scope. The Honolulu Iron Works Company has grown with the sugar industry, to which it chiefly caters. Founded in 1852 it has grown to be the chief manufacturing concern in the islands. It manufactures sugar machinery required by the plantations and because of patents and original designs has become the foremost manufacturer of this class of machinery, supplying it to Cuba, Porto Rico, Formosa, Java and other sugar producing countries. Its plant covers several acres of ground at the waterfront at Kakaako, at the end of the Punahou and Fort Street carline. It also deals in plumbing materials and has its business offices and storerooms on Nuuanu Street opposite Merchant Street. Catton, Neil & Co. is in the same line of business as the Honolulu Iron Works. Its offices are on Queen street, corner of Alakea. In sugar production Oahu ranks third, having produced in 1913 124,228 tons of sugar. Waialua, Ewa and Oahu plantations rank next to the Hawaiian Commercial Sugar Company of Maui in output, each of these producing over 30,000 tons. The bulk of canned pineapple is also produced on the island of Oahu, it having seven of the 10 island canneries. In 1913 Oahu produced 1,427,1000 cases of canned pineapple out of a total of 1,667,122. The Hawaiian Islands Packing Co. is located at Wahiawa in the midst of the pineapple district. The Hawaiian Pineapple Co., Ltd., has its cannery at Honolulu, not far from the railway depot. This is the largest cannery and in 1914 packed 675,000 cases. The Hawaii Preserving Co., Ltd., has its cannery beside the last named cannery. The Libby, McNeill Co. of Chicago operates two canneries, one at Ahuimanu on the windward side of the island and the other at Kalihi in Honolulu on the main line of the railway The Thomas Pineapple Co., Ltd., also has its cannery at Ka THEALOHA GGUIDE 83 lihi. The Pearl City Fruit Co. Cannery is located about 6 miles above Pearl City. This was the first cannery established in Hawaii. The Pinectar Co., Ltd., is located adjacent to the Thomas Pineapple Co. It confines itself to the manufacture of "Pinectar," a pineapple syrup. The Hawaiian and the Thomas Pineapple Companies manufacture pineapple juice in addition to canning pineapples. The American Can Co. has a can factory at Iwilei adjoining the canneries of the Hawaiian Pineapple and Hawaii Preserving Companies and manufactures all the cans used in the pineapple industry. Both the Standard Oil and the Consolidated Oil Companies, the latter a California concern, have storage tanks and offices at Iwilei. At Iwilei there is a lime factory where lime is manufactured from the coral obtained thereabouts. It has two kilns with a daily capacity of 120 barrels per kiln. The entire output finds local consumption, it being used chiefly for fertilizer. This lime is somewhat darker in color than the imported lime but it is in no way impaired thereby. It sells for $1.75 per 125 pound barrel and $14.50 per ton as against $2 and $16 for the imported lime. Near the Railway depot there is an algeroba bean factory where the algeroba bean is ground up for stock fodder. The Union Feed Co. also crushes the algeroba bean. The Pacific Fiber Co. on Liliha Street near Vineyard manufactures fiber from cocoanut husks. This is used in the manufacture of door mats, mattresses, etc. There are two fertilizer works in Honolulu, one of the Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Company, situated at Kalihi on King Street along the line of the electric car line and the other the Hawaiian Fertilizer Co. In addition to the above there are rice mills, coffee cleaning mills, planing mills, steam laundries, a cigar factory, a brewery, a floating drydock and mIarine railway and other industries. 84 THE ALOHA GUIDE THE LUAU, THE HULA, COOKED PIG, POI, LIMU, DRY AND RAW FISH usually go together. The "luau" is a Hawaiian feast. Mats, ferns and ti-leaves upon the floor or ground are substituted for tables and chairs and fingers are used in place of table silver. If the sojourner has the opportunity to attend a luau he will find it most interesting. Pig, the favorite Hawaiian meat, cooked in an "imu" or underground oven where red hot stones are the means of making the whole hog tender, will be found most juicy and appetizing; "poi," the national staple dish, resembling cooked corn starch but of a pinkish or bluish color, formerly served in large calabashes into which all dipped their fingers and with a graceful swing and twist of the hand conveyed it to the mouth will probably be served in individual calabashes; dry fish and squid, and raw fish and shrimps will be served, also "limu" or sea-weed, although these are delicacies that the "malihini" or stranger will probably not readily take to. However, there will be much that will be found appetizing and even if not, the experience of attending and of watching others will be worth going through. The hula dance was always a diversion at all big luaus and still is danced at some. It is a dance of many variations which in ancient times had meanings sometimes religious. It is a link connecting the barbarous Hawaii of the past with the civilized Hawaii of today. It has little to commend it to the refined person, and even the sensation hunter is usually foredomed to disappointment. THE MID-PACIFIC CARNIVAL at Honolulu began in 1905 as a Floral Parade held on Washington's Birthday, the 22nd of February, and with the years has been elaborated. Today it is a carnival covering a week or so, with fireworks, a floral parade, a water carnival, aquatic sports, a pageant staged at Waikiki Beach representing some historic phase of the islands. a hula dance ahd many other features. THEALOHAGUIDE 85 FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES. (February 1, 1915.) Austria-Hungary-Consul............Herman P. F. Schultze Belgium-Vice-Consul......................... W. Lange Chili-Consul.............................. W. W aldron Chiia-Consul........................ Tsz-ang Waahuan Denmark-Consul.C.................... C. J. Hedemann France-Consular Agent.......................A. Marques Germany-Consul............................ Georg Rodiek Great Britain-Consul......................E. L. S. Gordon Italy-Consul... F. A. Schaefer (Dean of the Consular Corps) Japan-Acting Consul General (S. Hirai, Eleve)....H. Arita Mexico-Consul............................... W. Lanz Netherlands-Consul.......................H. M. von Holt Norway-Consul-1020 Piikoi Street.........L. M. Vetlesen Panama-Consul (Honolulu).................... A. Marques Panama-Consul (Hilo).......................R. T. Guard Peru-Consul.........................Bruce Cartwright, Jr. Portugal-Consul General....Agnelo Lopes da Cunha Pessoa Russia-Vice-Consul...................A........A. Marques Spain-Vice Consul-Elite Bldg..Thos. Farrington Sedgwick Sweden-Consul............................ Georg Rodiek THE ROYAL HAWAIIAN BAND since 1874 has been under the leadership of Captain Henry Berger, in which year at the request of Kamehameha V he was detailed by the War Minister of Germany to this band, which had been organized two years previous. It is now maintained by the City and County of Honolulu. It has 35 musicians and 2 women vocalists. The band schedule, subject to change which may be ascertained in the daily papers, is as follows: Sunday afternoons at 3, Kapiolani Park (Public Baths); Monday evening, Emma Square; Tuesday noon, Bishop Street; Tuesday evening, Thomas Square; Wednesday evening, Aala Park; Thursday evening, one of the local hotels; Saturday afternoons, at sports or children's playgrounds. All evening concerts begin at 7:30. Besides this the band plays at the departure of all steamers bound for San Francisco and upon special occasions. THE CITY. Honolulu is a city primarily American in its tone, yet strangely and charmingly modified by its cosmopo Fr; 6. ~XFI EC }j6 k d I3 11 rt fl n TT I1 n 9; C +- s 6.A1 S: C. J I L ]_' _ _ w ~. __r ~. I iS r 1ff s. 15c g.2 * M'6izewmr ' 1 116 x,.gl6. g i i E'..F~~~~la 1 ltt. -6,,. D ".'". j'S Z 6 '6' 61 _ 066. 2j ',,, X Z.0 0, m' _ g ' 6 '_ _. i r g2 _ | | i S - ~~rra %06 6 t _ * |... 'S 'S E., _ -~~~~~:~~ i _ ll l. >..., a _ -~~~~~~~~I:r; r~ BICi ITFl ~ FW0, ffi D _ THEALOHA GUIDE litanism. Says a writer: "The city is one of the most picturesque on the globe. It has beauty not derived from magnificent architecture, grand boulevards, shaded avenues or spacious parks. Yet it has charms of its own, charms almost impossible of description and not susceptible of analysis. There is scarcely a single feature which is not surpassed by other cities, but there is a harmony, a combination of the whole that renders it matchless." The business portion is as uninspired as is that of any other American city. Most of the buildings are of brick, concrete or stone and two stories in height, although there are also a large number of buildings from three to six stories. The outlying residence sections are more distinctive and attractive. Here there are many lovely homes in spacious grounds, with green lawns and an abundance of tropical vegetation and trees, in fact, no home, however humble, is without its plot of surrounding ground and vegetation. The cosmopolitanism of the city is reflected in the buildings, architecture and the life. Chinatown and the Oriental section, lying to the west, takes in a considerable area, and most distinctively reflects the Oriental phase of the city. Fort Street is the main shopping street, although business is spreading into the neighboring streets. The stores carry every line of essential goods, the lines rot differing materially from those to be found in mainland stores, although more adapted to local needs and more limited in assortment. The population of Honolulu has shown a steady growth. Recorded as having "several hundred huts" among the cocoanut groves in 1809, and between two and three thousand inhabitants in 1823, by the census of 1890 there were 22,907 People; in 1896, 29,926; in 1900 39,300; in 1910, 52,183; in 1914, over 60,000. Politically Honolulu is run independently of the other islands. The island of Oahu constitutes the City and County of Honolulu, with its seat at Honolulu. County government vas inaugurated in the Islands in 1905 and Oahu constituted t municipality in 1907. A Board of Supervisors consisting Vf a mayor and seven supervisors is in control of all the busi'less of the city and county. It is elected by the qualified 88 THEALOHA GUIDE voters within the city and county every odd two years. Its meetings are open to the public. Under its control are roads, parks, lighting, water, sewer, garbage, county jail, etc. The mayor gets a salary of $250 and the supervisors $50 per month. The system has not worked out satisfactorily. The health of the islands is not under the jurisdiction of the Board of Supervisors but under that of the Territorial Board of Health. CALLING DAYS have been established in Honolulu, and these are here set forth because they may be found of value. Mondays-Punahou, Makiki. Tuesdays-Waikiki, Kapiolani Park, Kaimuki, Palolo. First Tuesday, Fort Ruger. Wednesdays-Nuuanu, Puunui, Pacific Heights. First and third Wednesdays, above Nuuanu bridge; second and fourth Wednesdays, below bridge, fourth Wednesday, Pacific Heights; first and third Wednesdays, Alewa Heights. Thursdays-The Plains. Fridays-Hotels and town, fourth Friday. Fort Shafter, first Friday. Manoa, College Hills, first and third Friday. Saturdays-Kalihi, third and fourth Saturdays, Kamehameha Schools. STREET SYSTEM. Honolulu has 170 miles of paved streets, 25 miles of electric car lines, electric light, telephone, water and sewer systems. The extensive use of automobiles has introduced harassing road construction problems. Ordinary macadamized roads which were once found very satisfactory are no longer adapted to the demands of traffic. Accordingly other pavements have been experimented with and in the down town sections bitulithic and asphalt macadam are being used, while elsewhere the oiling of macadamized roads with crude oil gives a fair but not long-lived wearing surface. The usual form of designating directions by points of the compass does not obtain in Honolulu. The term Mauka, meaning towards the mountain, and Makai towards the sea, are used always. Instead of east and west, Waikiki and Ewa, terms taken from the direction of those districts, are used. The numbers on the two main intersecting streets, THE ALOHA GUJIDE 89 King (dividing the city makal and mauka) and NuEanu (dividing the city Ewa and Waikiki) have been given, and streets parallel to these are correspondingly numbered. Street Numbers. South King St, 1600 at Punahou Nunan.u 1 at Nunann 1700 at Elsie 800 at Queen 100 at Fort 1800 at Alexander 900 at Merchant 200 at Alakea 1900 at Artesian 1000 at King 300 at lichard 2000 at McCully 1100 at Hotel 400 at Miilani North King St. 1200 at Beretaula 500 at Punchbowl 100 at Maunakea 1300 at Kukni 700 at Alapai 200 at Stream 1400 at Vineyard 900 at Kapiolani 300 at Aala 1600 at School 1000 at Victoria 500 at LillIha 1800 at Kuakini at00 at Piat W a 1200 at P.ikoi 800 at Asylum Road 2100 at Judd 1400 at Keeaumoku 1700 at Kalilt Road 1~ RO~~ TH E ALOH A GUIDE POINTS OF INTEREST IN AND AROUND HONOLULU. The electric street-cars will be found very convenient in reaching most of the points of interest, and the method of thus reaching them is hereafter indicated. All street-car fares are 5 cents. For hack, taxicab and automobile fares see the "Legal rates of fare." The points of interest near each other are grouped together as much as possible. WAIKIKI. Take "Kalihi and Waikiki" cars eastboundthirty minutes ride. Or take either Punahou or Waialae eastbound cars and transfer to Waikiki car at Pawaa Junction. Any of the hotels, or reversing the order, the Public Baths near the car terminus, are good places to alight. Bear in mind that the beach between high and low water marks is everywhere public domain, and free to the public. Who that has heard of Hawaii has not heard of Waikiki Beach? The bathing and beach here are unsurpassed. See "Sports" for general treatment and "Hotels" for beach hotels. There are a number of bathing houses along the beach, the Moana and Seaside Hotels operating the largest. Baths, including dressing room, box for valuables, suit and towels are 25 cents. At the Public Baths bathing is free, dressing rooms and showers for both ladies and gentlemen being provided, but it being necessary to bring one's own suit and towels. At the bath houses no suits are given out in the evening, so that moonlight swimming parties must make previous arrangements. Surfboards can be had for 25 cents per afternoon or morning and surfing canoes, properly manned, for $1 per person per hour. These can be arranged for at the Moana Hotel. See "Outrigger Club." And Waikiki is also a place to muse and dream. Just as in ancient times the kings and queens of Hawaii maintained residences here amid the seductive groves for relaxation from the cares of state, so today one is wooed and seduced into relaxation by the combination of elements. The fleecy white and grey clouds playfully and fantastically shaping and reshaping themselves as they pass across the blue vaulted heaven overhead, the mountain breezes as they hurry on their journey, demanding and forcing from each fronded palm and algeroba tree repeated obeissances, the endless succession r ~ ~ I II EI R~~ ~~ ~ f I |C R 1i!!1!1 i Ei il jg ~~g ~~i j "9Ej ji.,j j gig.E>5v. jjeg j~~~~j iizl~~z. gg gig j~~g. a}6i.j,,., 'jj~;j, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2[ 6 0*},ij}|jj >,X,~'.....9ii.,z r..}. Isr 9E X C,49.nx r. NaK. <~L.~ gJI.r -...........i. }~.ff..... -''''~~~~~~~~~~~l~ %L 1Ib jaMl ~ffiv 9OtFYR V w wU S ~?r~tio 4stastevwee o aet vhn neoe~dl, i THE ALOHA GUIDE 93 THE AQUARIUM, species of tawaiian fishes. Doctor David Starr J ordan, one of the foremost authorities on fishes, in speaking of this aquarium said: "No aquarium can boast a collection of fishes more ounique in for o orings, although some have a great er number/" It is open daily from 10 a mo to 5 p. o. and on Sundays from 1 to 5 p. m. Admission25 I ents; childr1n 15 cents. Free day: Saturday. THE PUBLIC BATHS is located in Kapiolani ParMk, adjoining the Aquarium The dressing rooms for menare at the owtn end and those for women at the Diamond Head cnd of the grounds. The bathing is free but bathers must provide their own suits and towels. Picolclng and moonlight swimj ing paatti are indulg In here goft dr1iks, peanuts and cande may be purchased on the groundM Hee is located a bandstand where the Royal Hawalian Band gives Sunday KAPOLANI PARK, Sue "ParkS 94 T HE ALOHA GUIDE THE ROYAL MAUSOLEUM AND NUUANU CEMETERIES are on the Nuuano crline and are passed on the wa to the Pall The Kamiehameha and Kalakaua dynasties are laid away here, King LunlI ilo being entsombed in the mausoleum at Kawaiahao Church. The Mausoleum grounds are open to the public at all times. The Cemeteries are just a little distance below the Mausoleum and contain some beautiful tombstones. THE PALl, slx miles from Honolulu and four miles from the end of the Nusann arline, is located at the head of Nuuann Valley. It offers the finest scenic attraction Honolulu has, a view that will probably be found to be the most entraningly and majestically beautiful th t traveler has ever seen. The road thence winds up through the gradually narrowing Nuuanu Valley, the mountain walls to the right and left Ecoud-rakede and c lad In verdure of various shades of green A leaping streamlet here and there loses itself in lilmy spray. Looking backward at intervals one obtains vistas down the green valley of the city of Honolulu and the blue TM PAX& THE ALOHA GUIDE 95 ocean beyond, framed in by the encircling horizon. Rounding now a sharp curve in the road, which at this point runs through the gap in the mountains between two peaks 1207 and 3105 feet high, the south side of the island is suddenly shut out and simultaneously the north or windward side appears. Standing at the edge of the precipice, a sheer drop of 800 feet, and the same place over which Kamehameha I in his conquest of the island of Oahu in April, 1795, drove the warriors of Kalanikupule's army, as explained in the tablet in the niche nearby, there is presented a sight that defies adequate description. Stretching from the foot of the abruptly precipitous mountains at the left towards the ocean at the north, with its indented bays and projecting spits of land is a narrow undulating coastal plain. It is a land of innumerable colorings: the indefinable various greens of kukui trees, wild guava bushes, and of the sugar-cane and pineapple fields, the slate and purple of the mountains, the black of the lava rock, the red of the newly cut earth, the whites of the streams and of the newly planted rice and taro patches, the rich blue of the opal sea with the foamy breakers breaking on the yellow sand of the shore,-all these mingle there, everchanging and shifting, as they are here and there intensified by the shining sun or momentarily overcast and darkened by the shadows of fleeting clouds. Near the shore black islets rise from the sea. One lingers over the picture, drinks it in, is inspired by it and comes away overcome as by a spell, probably saying, as did Bror Kronstrand, the Swedish artist: "The colorings! I cannot describe them. The perspective-the majestic sweep of the mountains and the ocean -ah, it is beyond words!" PUNCHBOWL rises at the edge of the city and the background of mountains, and is 500 feet high. This brown extinct volcano, its slopes partly built upon, furnishes the best observation point, from which to view the city and the surrounding country and ocean. It may easily be ascended in half an hour by a foot trail. Taking the Punahou eastbound car, get off at Hackfeld Street and go up that to the last street running to the left, then proceed one-block along this, and the trail to the top will be before you to the right. The THE ALOHA GUIDE return may be along the crater drive by simply following the road in either direction. A point will be reached where there are three directions that may be taken-one towards the mountain at the back (Tantalus), there being some houses for a short distance along this, one road leading to the right or Waikikiward, which, at the distance of %3 mile leads past the Federal experiment station to Makiki and the Punahou carline, and the third road to the left or Ewaward leading down to the Emma and Liliha carline, a half a mile away passing through the Portuguese section of town. The Punchbowl trip is worth while and nobody should miss it. For those who do not care to walk up Punchbowl, the usual conveyances are available. See "Legal rates of fare." Tantalus (q. v.) is back of Punchbowl. THE BISHOP MUSEUM is 13/4 miles from town, a ten minutes ride on the Kalihi carline. The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History was founded in 1889 by Charles R. Bishop in memory of his wife. It is located in Kalihi in the beautiful grounds of the Kamehameha Schools. It is well worth a visit, for it has the finest collection extant of Hawaiian and Polynesian antiquities and ethnological specimens. In the room immediately to the left of the entrance is the only collection of ancient Hawaiian feather necklaces, cloaks, capes and helmets on exhibit. These articles are very beautiful and valuable, having been made for ancient royalty from feathers taken from rare birds, some of which are already extinct, long years being required in their manufacture. In the room to the extreme right are plaster of Paris replicas of the volcano of Kilauea and of a heiau or ancient temple, and on the second floor fine colored plaster casts of island fruit, besides a collection of mounted local birds. The steps directly before the entrance to the building lead to the picture gallery on the second floor where there are paintings of island royalty and landscapes. The large room in the rear contains many Polynesian implements, idols and relics. The museum is open daily except Wednesdays and Sundays from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m.-admission free. T H E A I, 0 H A 0 IT 1 ) E 97 i iiiE i i O i iA ii( ii iiD i iiiii ii ii*i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 98 THE ALOHA GUIDE THE KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS were founded under the provisions of the will of Bernice P. Bishop who died October 16, 1884. These are boarding industrial schools intended for students having Hawaiian blood. There are three departments. On the makai side of King Street is the girls' department where cooking, sewing and the ordinary essentials of education are taught. On the mauka side is the boys' department, which is a preparatory school to the manual training department located near the museum. The blue lava rock building next below the museum is the main recitation and assembly building, the low white concrete building across the drive to the right houses the manual training work shop and the numerous cottages and houses are the dormitories and teachers' quarters. Some distance mauka is a model dairy operated by the dairy division of the school. The cadets have a military dress parade every Sunday from 4 to 5 p. m. BISHOP MEMORIAL CHAPEL is located near the main entrance and the carline, being constructed of island lava rock and almost entirely covered with clinging ivy vine. Here services are held every Sunday at 11 a. m. OAHU COLLEGE, COOKE MEMORIAL LIBRARY AND THE ART GALLERY are two miles from town. Take the Punahou eastbound car-20 minutes' ride, or take the Waikiki or Waialae cars and transfer at Pawaa Junction to Punahou westbound car. Founded in 1841 at Punahou for the purpose of providing instruction primarily for the missionary children, Oahu College was granted a charter on May 23, 1853. For many years it was the highest institution of learning west of the Rockies and received many youths from California. It is a private non-sectarian school accepting both day scholars and boarders. It has kindergarten, preparatory, academic and music departments. In the academic department, high school work of high grade is done, Punahou Academy being an accredited school of most of the leading American colleges. During the year 1912-3, its 73rd year, it had 758 pupils distributed as follows: Academic 221, music 97, preparatory 521. Its buildings are delightfully spread over the beautiful campus of 80 acres. A stroll through the grounds will be found interesting. Visitors are always welcome. The best time to visit is in the morning when at 8:15 academy chapel THE AL OHA GUIDE 99 OAHU COLLEGE CAMPUS. exerises nmay be attended in Pauahi Hall and at 9 preparatory chapel in Bishop H.all, wit as much additional timhe as desired spent on the ean pus in the art gallery and the library. Etering the campus at the corner f Wilder Aenue and Maona Road the building off in the distance to the right is Charles R. Bishop Hall, the preparatory schnol, and beyond it are Castle Hallt the girls dormitory. Dole Hall, the dining place RPI t Hall, the boys' dormitory and on the hill the reeldent e of the president, To the left, near the entrance, the two-story hewn lIava rock balding witll the central dome is Pauahi Hall, the aint hall of the aademlic diepartmnent In it are the preAident'a nIce recitation eoam and, on the 'eeond oitr the aass mbly hall. Beynd Paahi Hall is Sclnce Hall where science c atsea meet and Waik ki of this s Cooke Memorial Library, a onestory lava lrck b ildieg,: pleted i 1908 a a a cost oft$3500 It has stackr tm tfor til00 vaolamea already having 35;hlt The A Galler y at tio rear cost $209000 anid contains tme flne ainithisag and sien rare old mrastert Then follow Bingham relttion hall 0Id schooal hall the first b u sildlng aed tor sch6 l purOsees and bait in 853 Nearby, juAt m takas atablet to t~H mimonw of Hiam Bingham the dontar o the Pn baue ion Il~B.,r~l:::l~~~:l.I`B irzi.~1 ~~ i~i,.n I s ~i I:I:~1 ~~rl, .8r:IW:";:. ia I~ ~;aj ~1 ~-;, -5;: ~r ar. I~ ii'"'"": i.,';"~~l'~~~~~X:.I::: ~~ 1~ ~r, T H E A L O H A G U I D E 101 lands. A short distance along the mauka road is the Punahou spring, from which the region takes its name, surrounded by cocoanut trees and the pergola upon which bougainvillea vine grows. THE NIGHT BLOOMING CEREUS covering the stonewalls surrounding the campus should be noticed. During the months of July, August and September between sunset and sunrise these wonderful flowers are in bloom and are visited by thousands. See "Flowers." CHINATOWN and the Oriental section cover a considerable area of the city and will be found interesting. By the census of 1910 Honolulu had a Chinese population of nearly 10,000. The only satisfactory way to see it is to stroll through its streets. Walk Ewa on Hotel Street, noting the Hawaiian lei vendors on the sidewalks and after reaching Chinatown stroll at random through its streets. Many large business firms will be found here, for the Chinaman is a good business man. Chinatown, as it exists today, has been rebuilt since 1900, when it was completely destroyed by fire. A fire started by the Board of Health authorities in a building in which there had been a case of Asiatic cholera, got beyond the control of the fire department and spreading with a high wind that had sprung up, destroyed the greater part of the Chinatown. Claims presented to the Fire Claims Commission of the government for losses incurred by this fire amounted to $3,175,132.90, upon which awards to the amount of $1,473,173 were made and paid. Previous to this, also, there had been another extensive fire, known as the great fire of 1886 which also wiped out the entire section covering 30 acres, a loss of $1,500,000. THE FISHMARKET at the corner of King and Kekaulike, -nay well be visited on this same occasion. The fish catch usually comes in at about 10 a. m. and is then auctioned off to the fish vendors of the market. The busiest day of the;'eek is Saturday. The cosmopolitan aggregation, the many colored fishes, the meat, poultry, fruit and vegetable booths, Presided over chiefly by Chinese and Japanese, will be found interesting. THEALOHA GUIDE THE WATERFRONT is but one block makai of the market, and the stroll may easily be extended to include this. Here will be seen island and ocean steamers and vessels loading sugar and island exports and unloading merchandise and the numberless articles that constitute the island imports. At Pier 5 may be seen the Hawaiian submarine flotilla. At Pier 2 near the harbor entrance may be seen dozens of Japanese fishing sampans of peculiar Japanese construction, in which the Japanese venture out far from shore. HONOLULU PIERS. Pier No. 1 -Army Wharf. Pier No. 2 -Channel Wharf. Pier No. 3 -Inter-Island Coal Wharf. Pier No. 4 -Marine Railway Site. Pier No. 5 -Naval Wharf No. 1. Pier No. 5a-Naval Wharf No. 2. Pier No. 6 -Richards St. Wharf. Pier No. 7 -Alakea St. Wharf. Pacific Mail S. S. Co. Pier Nos. 8 & 9-Fort St. Bulkhead. Pier No. 10 -Oceanic Wharf. Fort St. Pier No. 11 -Allen & Robinson Frontage. Pier No. 12 -Brewer Wharf near foot of Nuuanu St. Pier No. 13 -Nuuanu St. Wharf. Pier No. 14 -"Mauna Kea" Wharf. Foot of Nuuanu St. Pier No. 15 -Queen St. Bulkhead Wharf. Foot of Maunakea St. Matson S. S. Co. Pier No. 16 — Hackfeld Wharf. Pier No. 17 -Railroad Wharf. American-Hawaiian S. S. Co. Pier No. 18 -Railroad Wharf Mauka. Am.-Hawn. S S. Co. Pier No. 19 -Railroad Wharf Makai. Am.-Hawn. S. S. Co. Punahou street cars pass Piers 1 to 11 inclusive. Take west bound King St. car to River St. for Piers Nos. 16 to 19 inclusive. TH E A LOHA G U IDE 103 A HAWAIIAN GRASS-HUT. AN INTERESTING WALK. On a single walk all the buildings and points of inlerest which follow may be steen in a few hours, taking them in the order In which they ate here set down. Starting on Fort Street proceed up to 1eretania Street. Before reaching the latter one pases the Blaisdell Hotel on the elft, a four-story concrete building, the Catholic Convent opposite this on the right and neat e this the Catholic Cathedral, Iee churchese in the gunds of which will be seen the first aleroba tree the Model Hlock. At the corner eo Fort and seretania is the Central Fie Station. Pro f fcedig on Beretasia Sitret tle ward the right, at aEmma Street ( one blokneS f may go naUka one bleckE to Emnama Sren a opposite which en mtna Streetr is the Central Grrammar Schol, the eld manaeon ot lta a t e t, l el, 6the old it nt a of # Priceses Rutr M Maka of Emma Square Is St. Andrews' Cathedral, (ee chOur hes) a le buff sandstone astructur r H E A L O H A G U I D E A block up Emma Street at number 1524 opposite the Royal School is the home of Hon. S. B. Dole, U. S. District Judge, formerly governor of the Territory and President of the Republic of Hawaii. Continuing again on Beretania Street at the next corner to the right is the Royal Hawaiian Hotel and opposite it, Central Union Church, the finest church edifice in Honolulu. Almost opposite this on Beretania Street is Washington Place, the home of Liliuokalani, a two-story colonial square building with columns and broad verandas, set in a tropical garden. Now proceeding down Richards Street between the Hawaiian Hotel and Central Union Church, at the next corner we come to the University Club headquarters, surrounded by a high wall. Going eastward or Waikiki-ward one block along Hotel Street we come to the rear entrance of the Capitol. THE HAWAIIAN NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY is at the corner of Miller and Hotel Streets behind the Capitol. Erected in 1913 at a cost of $96,000, it is a concrete structure 100 by 168 feet. It is used by the nine companies for drills and as quarters, and being the largest hall in town occasionally serves for largely attended balls and theatricals. The National Guard of Hawaii dates back to the Provisional Government of Hawaii in 1893. With annexation in 1898 it came under the jurisdiction in some part of the United States, and more particularly so in 1903 when by Federal law certain assistance was given state national guards and certain requirements made of them. The nine companies in Honolulu have an enlistment of 700 men. The one company in Hilo has about 63, and the two companies on Maui about 130 men. Once a year the guard goes into camp for between 5 and 10 days. Each man is required to shoot one record score during the year at ranges of two, three and five hundred yards, 12 shots to a range. THE OLD BARRACKS are beside the armory on the Waikiki side, a low corrugated iron building painted black. It figured in the troublous times of 1893 and 1895, and is now used by the commissary department of the United States in connection with the cottages nearby. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I li E~~~~~~~~~~~ a P D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P.JA 0.~~~~~~~~~~~. II I I i~, I _I iS*|_ iSi_, _ fI 1!lllE*111i l - -., i |Jfi*ll-|l9lni|i I,|I|i||II| lII_ I 0El|EE||i 106 T HE ALOHA GUIDE THE CAPITOL. The Iolani Palace of King Kalakaua, built in 1882 on the site of the old palace, a structure erected of coral stone in 1844, has, since 1893, housed the executive departments of the various consecutive governments. It is situated in a spacious park-which is bounded by King, Richards, Hotel and Likelike Streets. Architecturally overdone, it is built of brick with a blocked cement facing, and cost $340,000. It is rendered historical not only by having been the palace of King Kalakaua and of his sister, Queen Liliuokalani, but also the place of her trial and subsequent imprisonment, as having figured in the stormy times of 1889, 1893, 1895, and as being the central point of interest during the annexation ceremonies in 1898. The interior woodwork is of Hawaiian koa and kou. In the basement are the Federal Internal Revenue and the Territorial land and public works offices. On the first floor are the territorial treasury and the chambers of the island senate and house of representatives. The latter was formerly the royal throne room and, except for the furniture, is but little altered, the speaker of the house now occupying the royal dais. On the second floor are the offices of the Territorial governor, secretary, attorneygeneral and auditor. The paintings hanging upon the walls of the hallway are both valuable and historical. Those of Marshall Bluecher and Frederich, King of Prussia, were presents from the latter to Kamehameha III in 1831, and that of Louis Phillipe, King of France, to the same person from the French consul in 1848. THE ARCHIVES BUILDING is Waikiki of the Capitol in the same grounds. Completed in 1906 it is a concrete fireproof building in which are kept all the important and historical documents, statistics, etc., of the Hawaiian governments, legislature and departments of the past. THE LIBRARY OF HAWAII is situated across the street from the Archives building. It is the successor to the Honolulu Library and Reading Association which occupied quarters where the Y. M. C. A. now stands, and was completed in 1913. Andrew Carnegie contributed $100,000, the building and furniture costing $127,000. It is two-stories in height, of concrete, in plain but impressive colonial architecture. The aLOT ai ov Ho qv a T H E A 1L 0 H A G U I D E Hawaiian Historical Society occupies the Waikiki end of the second floor and has here a valuable collection of Hawaiian historical documents and material. The hall at the Ewa end is used for lectures. The entire first floor is devoted to the library, which has 40,000 volumes and is free and open to the public daily from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m It has a children's room and also circulates books on the other islands. The territory contributes $10,000 annually towards its maintenance. KAWAIAHAO CHURCH AND LUNALILO MAUSOLEUM are located diagonally across King Street. In the mausoleum King Lunalilo, who died in 1874 after reigning one year, and his father, Kanaina, are laid away. THE OLD MISSION HOUSE is in the premises on King Street, just beyond, a low old-fashioned building, cut and prepared in New England in 1819, shipped to Hawaii, put together here, and occupied October 8, 1821, the first frame building in Honolulu. It was occupied by many early missionaries, and is an interesting building. Admission free. THE KAIULANI HOME FOR GIRLS is in the same grounds. It was founded in 1904 as a home for girls employed in stores and offices, and also girls from the other islands attending school in Honolulu, it being a place where they can have a good home with adequate protection at reasonable rates. The home can accommodate about fifty girls. THE OLD CASTLE HOME is on the opposite side of the street. This is one of the old homes of Honolulu and was at one time the scene of much gay social life. THE HENRY AND DOROTHY CASTLE MEMORIAL FREE KINDERGARTEN is enclosed within the same grounds. THE HONOLULU BREWERY is located on Queen Street near Punchbowl Street makai of Kawaiahao Church. THE JUDICIARY BUILDING is opposite the Capitol on King Street. In monarchic times it contained the executive offices of the government and was known as Aliiolani Hale. Built of the same material as the Capitol but in an entirely different style of architecture, its corner-stone was laid February 19, 1872, and it was completed in 1874 at a cost of $130,000. In 1913 it was remodelled at a cost of $100,000. T HE ALOHA GJUIDE 1G THEALOHA GUIDE On the ground floor are the territorial tax office, the courtrooms of the first, second and third judges and the office of the clerk of the First Circuit Court. On the second floor are the territorial Supreme Court with an attractive courtroom, the chambers of the three justices, the office of the Supreme Court clerk, the department of public instruction, the law library and the office of the Registrar of Conveyances. THE STATUE OF KAMEHAMEHA I, the conqueror of the islands, executed in bronze stands in front of the Judiciary Building. To commemorate the centenary of Captain Cook's discovery of the islands, the legislature of 1878 appropriated $10,000 for the erection of this statue, designed by T. R. Gould of Boston. The original, cast in Florence, Italy, was lost in a shipwreck off the Falkland Islands in 1880, and with the insurance money the present statue was paid for, being unveiled in February, 1883, during the coronation of King Kalakaua. Later the original was recovered and placed in Kohala, Hawaii, Kamehameha's birthplace. The four tablets, in bas relief, at the base represent: 1. The young Chief Kamehameha's first encounter with the Discoverer, Cook. 2. The warrior Kamehameha warding off five hostile spears, hurled at him at one time. 3. The Conqueror's review of the Peleleu fleet of war canoes off Kohala. 4. The old men, the women and the children reposing in peace on the highways of Hawaii after the established supremacy of Kamehameha throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. KAPUAIWA BUILDING, containing on the first floor the offices of the Board of Health and on the second, the territorial survey department, is situated behind and Waikiki of the Judiciary Building. THE CENTRAL PUBLIC FREE DISPENSARY is situated Waikiki of the last named. THE MORGUE is in the rear of the last named. THE ROYAL HAWAIIAN OPERA HOUSE (q. v.) is at the corner of King and Mililani Streets, near the Judiciary Building. THEALOHA GUIDE 11l MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS. The City and County of Honolulu has no city hall, the second floor of the Mcintyre Building, at the corner of King and Fort Streets, temporarily serving as such. Here the Board of Supervisors meets, and the mayor, clerk, auditor, attorney and his deputies, building and plumbing inspectors have their offices. The city treasurer and the water and sewer departments are in the Kapiolani Building at the corner of King and Alakea Streets. The engineering department is on the second floor of this building. THE POLICE STATION AND DISTRICT COURT OF HONOLULU are on Merchant, at the foot of Bethel Street, in Kalakaua Hale, erected in 1886. Here also are located the detective bureau and the sheriff and deputy sheriff's offices. The Studio of D. Howard Hitchcock, the well-known island painter, is open to the public every Tuesday and Friday forenoon. It is on the third floor of the Collins Building on King Street near Fort. STREET CAR RIDES. STREET CAR RIDES in Honolulu furnish a pleasant and cheap method of seeing the town. All fares are 5 cents. The longest ride without changing is from town to the Waikiki terminus of theWaikiki car. The next is on the eastbound Waialae car to Kaimuki and Waialae, new residence sections. On Beretania Street one passes some of the old residences. By taking the Punahou car and transferring to the Manoa car, at the entrance to Oahu College, one will pass through the finest residence sections that are along any of the carlines. College Hills on the Manoa line, has many beautiful homes and bungalows, perhaps the best in the city. The Nuuanu carline takes one into Nuuanu Valley, past the cemeteries and some fine residences, terminating at Nuuanu Park, see "Parks" and the entrance to the Country Club which lays to the left. The Kalihi car passes through a portion of Chinatown, goes by the fishmarkets, the cane fields at Palama, the Iamehameha Schools and ends at Fort Shafter not far from.Ioanalua. The following itinerary combines all the street car rides into one, occupying about four hours' time and costing from 32 to 45 cents. Transfers should be asked for at the time of paying the fare. KING STRET CORSNE OF 0OT THE A I O H A G U I D E 113 Take a west-bound car on the King Street line to Kahauiki, the site of the Army Post, Fort Shafter; return on this line to Fort and King Streets, where you will transfer to the Nuuanu Valley line, at the upper terminus of which is the Royal Mausoleum and Country Club. After visiting the Mausoleum and the Country Club you may return by this line to Fort and Beretania Streets, where you may transfer to the Punahou line. This line will take you through one of the best residence districts to the Oahu College campus at which point you may transfer to the Manoa Valley line and enjoy a view of this magnificent valley. Returning by this line you may transfer to an east bound Punahou line car and proceed to Pawaa Junction where you make another transfer to an east bound King Street car bound for Waikiki beach and Kapiolani Park, where you can leave the car and visit the Aquarium and see some of the most brilliantly colored fishes in the world. Upon the return trip you may, if you are so disposed, leave the car at either the Moana Hotel or the Honolulu Seaside Hotel, and enjoy a delightful sea bath, or you may continue on the car. If you arrive at Pawaa Junction at 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53 minutes after the hour you may transfer to the Waialae Road line and take a run out to Kaimuki, visiting Liliuokalani School with its Lincoln Tablet, the College of Hawaii Observatory, Fort Ruger and Leahi Home. Upon your return to Pawaa Junction you may transfer to west bound King Street car or remain on the one you are on, either of which will continue into town as far as Alakea Street, where you can transfer to a Liliha-Emma Street car and take a ride up the slope of Punchbowl. DRIVES AND RIDES. DELIGHTFUL DRIVES OR RIDES, either by carriage, automobile or on horseback may be taken to many points in and about Honolulu. It is well always to arrange about itinerary and price before hand, so that there may be no later disputes. The automobile trip par excellence, is that around the island. The distance, about 100 miles, can be covered Jn less than six hours, but it is well, if possible to linger by -he way to appreciate it fully. Where a party of seven or sometimes even five and six is arranged, the trip can be ecured for $5 per passenger. Some chauffeurs undertake to THEALOHAGUIDE make up these parties themselves. Information can be secured by the visitor from the Promotion Committee. The Pali drive, six miles, is treated of under the "Pali." A delightful drive or ride is that to Waikiki along Kalakaua Avenue, returning by way of Ala Moana along the shore. A detour into Ainahau opposite the Moana Hotel will be interesting. Beyond the Moana and just before the seawall is reached the place on the right with the high board fence is the Waikiki residence of Liliuokalani. This drive may be extended through Kapiolani Park (q. v.) and around Diamond Head, which is an extinct crater, 761 feet high, heavily fortified. Commanding views of the beach and ocean are to be had. The road after encircling the crater divides, so that one may return through Fort Ruger and Kapiolani Park, or by way of Waialae and Kaimuki. By carriage either is a three or four hours' drive. After reaching Waialae Road the drive may be xtended to Koko Head to the Marconi Wireless plant, or to Niu or any other intermediate point, there being many a pretty bight with sandy beach and cocoanut palms, or these may be made the objects of separate excursions. A drive to Moanalua (q. v.) Salt Lake and the Polo Grounds will be most delightful. This drive may be extended to Halawa Hill where a view of Pearl Harbor is to be had, Honolulu Plantation, the naval station at Pearl Harbor (Watertown), Pearl City, Wahiawa, (q v.), Waialua and Haleiwa Hotel (q. v.) Suitable for carriage drives because not so long are those into the valleys: Kalihi, Nuuanu, Pauoa, Manoa, Palolo, and up to Alewa and Pacific Heights, from both of which views second only to that from Punchbowl may be had. The view from Punchbowl should by no means be missed. The Punchbowl drive may easily be extended to Tantalus, this being an especially desirable horseback trip and better for carriage than automobile because of the character of the road. Drives through the Makiki and other residence sections of town can be made of any length desired and will give more accurate impressions of Honolulu as a town of homes than can otherwise be obtained. An automobile can be hired by the hour for this. Occasionally the Promotion Committee plans special drives at special rates. I '-,,,,,,,,,- '- -I'l THE ALOHA GUIDE TABLE OF DISTANCES. Note.-These distances are given progressively along several lines of travel. By Carriage Road from Honolulu Postoffice: To- Miles. To- Miles. Waikiki Beach........ 3.5 Diamond Head......... 5.9 Kaalawai.............. 6.0 Thomas Square...1......0 Pawaa Corner........... 2.0 Kamoiliili............... 3.3 Kaimuki Reservoir...... 5.0 W aialae................. 6.2 Niu..................... 8.8 Koko Head..............11.8 Makapuu Point.........14.8 Waimanalo (Makapuu Trail)................ 20.8 Waimanalo via Pali road.12.0 Mausoleum............. 1.5 Country Club........... 2.5 Nuuanu Dam........... 5.0 Pali.................... 6.6 Kaneohe................ 11.9 W aiahole...............18.9 W aikane................ 21.0 Kahana.................26.4 Hauula................. 31.4 Laie....................34.4 Kahuku Mill............37.2 Kahuku Ranch, via Pali..40.0 Moanalua............... 3.4 Ewa Church.............10.2 W ahiawa.............. 21.0 Leilehua................20.0 W aialua................28.0 Waimea................32.4 Kahuku Ranch, via Ewa..39.4 Waipio (Brown's).......11.2 Hoaeae (Robinson's)....13.5 Barber's Point..........21.5 Waianae Plantation.....29.9 Kaena Point............42.0 Waialua to Kaena Point..12.0 For Railway Distances see 0. R. & L. Co. and Koolau Railway, pages 124 and 125. ELEVATIONS. Feet. Punchbowl or Puowaina. 498 Leahi or Diamond Head.. 761 Koko Head, higher crater.1205 Koko Head, lower crater. 644 Makapuu Point......... 665 Mokapu Crater, Kaneohe 681 Round Top or Ualakaa... 1049 Feet Kaala..................4030 Tantalus or Puu Ohia....201;; Awawaloa or Olympus...2447 Konahuanui............31(5 Lanihuli................27S1 Pali Road (old station)..1214 TH E ALOHA G lIIDE 117 MOUNTAIN CLIMBING. MOUNlTAIN CLIMBING:l is one of the most enjoyable pleasares of the Hawaiian slands, and the pity is that so comparatively few strangers know its delights. One who has never been in the mountains and seen the luxuriantly trop1 cal vegetation, consisting of the many varieties of ferns, Plants, shrubs, vines and trees, or stood at the top of some clak and from it overlooked and surveyed the land and sea, cannot say that he knows Hawaii, for Hawaii is at its best in its valleys and its mountains. There are numerous trips il the vicinity of Honollu that can be made with perfect c(Tmfort and ease by both men and women. Old comfortable clthes ai all that Is required so far as dress is coneerned, THE TRAIL AND MOUNTAIN CLUB frequently conduets reek-ced tramps and excursions, and Is only too glad to InclNtde visitors In its parties. Conmmnicate with the Promo1oia Conmittee, The Promotion Committee has on sale, for 5 cents, maps of the mountain country and trails about t~5 lUlu. whIsch will be found of great value by trampers 11 Posets at Pauoll Flats, Paloa Crater, Mount Olympus and 5tl1.er points will assist one In keeping on the right trails, THE ALOHA GUIDE Strangers to a locality should always keep to the trails and never attempt short-cuts. The distances hereafter given are only approximate. MOANALUA VALLEY is reached by proceeding beyond the Polo Grounds (q. v.) along the road, and is a typical Hawaiian valley. This is the private domain of Mr. S. M. Damon of the Bishop Bank, but permits may be obtained there. In this valley are many wild mountain apples, which during the late summer months are ripe. This valley is somewhat less accessible than are other valleys nearer town. KALIHI VALLEY is one of the beautiful easily accessible valleys. Taking the westbound King Street car and getting off at Kalihi Road, the road just beyond and beside the Kamehameha Schools (q. v.) one proceeds along it over two miles and then continues thence along the trail. There are numerous beauty spots in the valley and the trip may be made as long or as short as desired. The Catholic Orphanage is some distance up. KILOHANA, the third peak from the high round mountain to the left of Kalihi Valley, is at the top of the Koolau ridge separating the windward from the leeward side of the island. This may be ascended without great difficulty, although the last half hour's climb is a little steep. The stranger to the locality will probably find some difficulty in keeping on the correct trail and a guide will save many steps, but he will be greatly assisted by keeping in view the peak and ascending the particular ridge leading to it. The top once attained, the view of the windward side of the island and the ocean is wonderfully beautiful and inspiring, much like the view from the Pall. A precipitous trail leads thence down the other side but it is best not to attempt it without a guide. LANIHULI, the highest peak to the west of the Pall, 2781 feet high, may be reached by one of three principal trails: a. By the trail, 4 miles, which leads from the end of the Alewa Heights road along the ridge. b. By the trail, 3 miles, which leads from the Country Club in Nuuanu Valley, through Rooke Valley, ascending at its head and meeting the ridge trail just mentioned. THE ALOHA GUIDDE 119 c. By the trail, 1 mile, which leads from Nuuanu Valley road, at a point three quarters of a mile beyond the Nuuanu Dam, directly up the ridge to the left, this being a hard, steep and precipitous climb. PAUOA FLATS is the pivotal point in many trips. It may be reached from many points. These will be set out here. Any ascent may be taken as a descent on the return homeward. a. From the Nuuanu Valley road one may begin the ascent at the Nuuanu Dam, which is three miles from the terminus of the Nuuanu carline. A trail leads through the grove just a few feet makai of the dam. Following along this trail or along the top of the embankment one is soon upon the Cooke trail which winds up the mountain side at a gentle grade, through beautiful tropical vegetation. Pauoa Flats resthouse is less than 2 miles from Nuuanu Road and requires about three-quarters of an hour. Behind the house is a filled water tank. b. By way of Pacific Heights by taking the Pacific Heights road to its end (not quite two miles from either the Nuuanu or Emma Street car) and then following the trail along the ridge over three miles to the resthouse. c. Through Pauoa Valley, by following the road from the terminus of the Emma Street carline, two miles, and then the trail, over one mile, to the head of the valley, thence ascending to the left to the Pacific Heights trail. d. From Manoa Valley by the trail leading up from Castle Home, the large red building at the left of the valley, to Tantalus, whence the cliff trail along the ridge leads to the resthouse, about 4 miles in all. e. From a point near the end of the Manoa Valley road, two and a half miles from the end of the Manoa carline, a trail, somewhat difficult of discovery, leads to the left directly up to Pauoa Flats. f. From Tantalus peak two trails lead to the rest house, a mile and a half away, both these trails meeting the Pacific Heights trail slightly over half the way. FROM PAUOA FLATS one may proceed to: THEALOHA GUIDE a. KONAHUANUI, the peak to the east of the Pali, 3105 feet high, two and a half miles, by taking the trail leading back of the resthouse, several yards to the west, indicated by a sign, and branching off to the left after going about a mile and a half. b. Instead of branching to the left keep on the last mentioned trail which runs along the leeward side of the Koolau range of mountains through beautiful foliage, and one may come out: 1. In Manoa Valley at the Woodlawn Tract, 8 miles from the resthouse to the Manoa carline, or 2. Proceed to and beyond Mount Olympus to Palolo Crater and thence into Palolo Valley to the Waialae carline, 11 miles, or 3. Beyond Palolo Valley and Crater down the next ridge and Wilhelmina Rise, 13 miles. PUNCHBOWL has already been treated. TANTALUS, 2013 feet high, is situated back of Punchbowl, and may be reached by a good carriage road, although shortcuts through the woods will save some distance. The sixmile road does not itself lead to Tantalus peak, but this may be easily ascended from the road, and affords a splendid panoramic view. From here Pauoa Flats may be reached or the return may be down the trail to Castle Home, "d" above, or by the road around Round Top, shortly to be completed, back to Makiki. This last constitutes a delightful day's outing and is not difficult. MANOA VALLEY is itself beautiful without ascending its impounding cliffs, and one need only continue from the end of the Manoa carline and proceed as far as one desires. PALOLO VALLEY is reached by taking the car to Twelfth Avenue and after proceeding slightly over a mile mauka to a fork of the road, take either that leading to the right to the Seven Falls, or that to the left which leads to the Palolo Crater, 4 miles from the carline. Thence the trip may be continued to Mount Olympus and Pauoa Flats. See "b-2." Koko Head and Waimanalo, the Pali, and the windward side of the island offer good tramping, and numerous other points may be chosen. See points designated in "Drives." THE ALOHA GUIDE AROUND THE ISLAND BY TRAIN AND AUTOMOBILE. THE RAILWAY TRIP TO KAHUKU ought by all means to be taken. If not a warm day it will be exceedingly pleasant as well as instructive and interesting, and one will feel well compensated. The depot of the Oahu Railway and Land Company is on King Street and Iwilei Road, and may be reached by the Kalihi, Liliha and Hotel Street cars. Immediately after leaving the depot pineapple canneries are passed at the left, while on the right beautiful views, across cane fields and built up country are to be had of the mountains. The train hugs the shore for a great part of the entire trip. After leaving Puuloa Station at the left in the distance, across the intervening waters of Pearl Harbor, one of tne finest harbors extant, are to be seen the workshops and other buildings about the United States drydock and naval station. See "Pearl Harbor." Aiea is the station for Honolulu Sugar Plantation. At Waiau is a large rice-mill with many acres of rice in cultivation. A railway spur at Pearl City leads to many beautiful country homes on the shores of Pearl Harbor. Waipahu is the seat of Oahu Plantation and the point from which the branch railway deflects to Wahiawa (q. v.) the pineapple district, and Leilehua, where are located Schofield Barracks, (See "Military Posts"). At Ewa is located the Ewa Plantation and Mill much visited by strangers. Sisal fields are next passed. Soon thereafter, the railway which has run inland a distance again skirts the coast, which becomes more precipitous, the ocean beating and splashing against the black jagged rocks. Jutting out at the left is Barber's Point, so named after Captain Henry Barber, whose ship the "Arthur" was wrecked here October 31, 1796 and six men drowned. Here is located the U. S. magnetic station and a small wireless plant. Waianae has some splendid sandy beach and a very large valley inland which furnishes excellent grazing. At Waialua is the Waialua Plantation and Mill. Haleiwa Hotel (q. v.) with its broad verandas, set in beautiful grounds, is the next stop. Beyond this, especially at Waimea is a beautiful stretch of sandy beach and seashore. Waimea is also the scene of the killing of two naval officers from one of Vancouver's ships in 1792 by the natives after a quarrel. SUAR MILL AI CANE CARS. THEALOHA GUIDE 123 The buildings of the Boys' Reform School at Waialee, are soon passed at the right, and near Kahuku at the left is located the powerful Marconi wireless plant with its massive steel posts. At Kahuku, 71 miles from Honolulu, the end of the Oahu Railway, is located the Kahuku Plantation. If one has taken the 9:15 train from Honolulu one will arrive at Kahuku at 12:30 and be able to connect with. the Koolau Railway and on this ride 11 miles farther to Kahana on windward Oahu. (Fare: Round trip 75 cents on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays). The windward side of the island will be found more green and fresh than the leeward side as well as cooler, this being characteristic of the windward sides of all the islands. Laie, (q. v.) the first station on this road, is a beautiful village of about 700 non-polygamous Mormon converts. At Hauula (q. v.) is located an attractive hostelry where, if one goes no farther, may be had a fine dinner for $1.25, the train being caught on its return trip to Kahuku an hour and a half later. Should one desire, one may remain at Hauula Hotel overnight and the next morning at 5:30 return to Honolulu by way of the Pali by auto-stage, thus completing the circuit of the island. The stage fare is $1. The trip is most fascinating. The road passes Punaluu with its Chinese population and its extensive rice fields stretching into the valley, picturesque Kahana Valley, Kualoa, Waikane, Waiahole, Kaalaea, the pineapple fields and cannery of the Libby, McNeil Company at Ahuimanu, the station of the Federal Wireless Company at Heeia, which communicates with the Pacific Coast and on occasions with Washington, D. C., besides numerous other valleys, villages and beauty spots, traveling beside the ocean most of the time, always along the Koolau range of mountains, and at last climbing the Pali road with its innumerable turns. Honolulu is reached in about five hours from Hauula. THE AUTOMOBILE TRIP AROUND THE ISLAND is usually begun by way of the Pall. It reverses the trip outlined above until after Waialua is reached when the road, instead of proceeding along the coast as the railway does, deflects inland, over the Waianae plateau, the trip being through sugarcane and pineapple fields. 124 THEALOHA GUIDE STAGES TO AND FROM WINDWARD OAHU. A mail auto-stage leaves Honolulu daily, except Sunday, at 9 a. m. for Waikane, returning thence at 2:30 and arriving in Honolulu at 7:30 p. m. Fare: $1 each way. Another stage leaves Honolulu daily at noon from the corner of Pauahi and River Streets, and goes as far as Laie, which is reached in five hours. This stage returns at 5 a. m., arriving in Honolulu at 9:30. Fare: $1 each way. OAHU RAILWAY & LAND COMPANY. From Honolulu to: Miles Moanalua...... 3 Puuloa......... 6 Aiea........... 9 Kalauao........ 10 Waiau......... 11 Pearl City..... 12 Waipio......... 14 Waipahu....... 14 Wahiawa.......25 Leilehua....... 27 Hoaeae........ 15 Honouliuli..... 16 Ewa Mill....... 18 Waianae....... 33 Makaha........ 35 Makua......... 41 Kawaihapai.... 50 Mokuleia....... 53 Puuiki......... 55 Waialua........ 56 Haleiwa Hotel.. 56 Waimea........ 62 Kahuku........ 71 1st Class 2nd Class 1st Class 2nd Class 9:15a.m. single single round round train fare fare 10 10 15 15 9:23 20 15 30 25 9:31 25 20 45 35 9:39 30 25 50 40 9:43 35 30 55 45 9:46 35 30 60 50 9:49 45 35 70 55 9:54 45 35 70 55 9:56 80 65 1.25 00..... 80 65 1.25 00..... 45 35 75 60 9:59 50 40 80 65 10:03 55 45 90 75 10:09 1.00 85 1.65 1.35 10: 49 1.05 90 1.75 1.40 10:53 1.20 1.00 2.00 1.60 11:06 1.50 1.25 2.50 2.00 11:30 1.60 1.30 2.65 2.10 11:35 1.65 1.35 2.75 2.20 11:40 1.70 1.40 2.80 2.25 11:45 1.70 1.40 2.80 2.25 11:47 1.85 1.55 3.10 2.45 11:58 2.15 1.80 3.55 2.85 12:22 Passengers not purchasing tickets before boarding the train at Stations where tickets are sold are charged 10 cents extra. No Round Trip Fares are collected on trains. Children, five years of age and under twelve, half fare; under five years, THE ALO HA G U I D E 125 when in charge of a competent person, free. Round Trip Tickets reading from Honolulu to Waialua will be accepted for passage, on return trip, from Wahiawa to Honolulu. There are a dozen outgoing daily trains so the intending passenger is urged to secure the latest time table, which will also be found printed in the daily papers. Week-End Tickets are sold from Honolulu on Saturdays and Sundays, and are good for return until the following Monday night; and on all legal holidays good for return until the following night, to the stations named at the following rates: To Puuiki, Waialua and Haleiwa Hotel $2 first class and $1.75 second class; to Kahuku $2.50 first class. KOOLAU RAILWAY. Distance Outgoing Returning Miles P. M. Fare P. M. Kahuku........ 0.00 12.30... 2.15 Laie........... 2.50 12.42 15 2.02 Laiemaloo..... 3.87 12.46 20 1.55 Kaipapau...... 4.50 12.49 25 1.53 Hauula........ 6.06 12.59 30 1.49 Kaluanui....... 7.05 1.03 35 1.43 Haleaha....... 7.86 1.06 40 1.40 Punaluu....... 8.76 1.09 45 1.38 Kahana........ 10.83 1.19 55 1.30 A VISIT TO A PINEAPPLE CANNERY will be found most interesting. See "Industrial" for location of canneries any one of which may be inspected. The height of the canning season is from July to the end of September. The pineapples come in in carload lots and are taken to the pealing and coring machines. After the two ends of the pineapple are cut off, it is inserted in the pealing machine where a circular knife the size of the can runs through the fruit and removes the entire pet14 the core having been removed by the previous stroke. The pineapple is then placed before a series of knives set apart the desired thickness of the slices which are carried through and drop onto an endless belt running in front of the packers. Here girls with rubber gloves pick out the different qualities of slices and put them into the cans and, a THEALOHA GUIDE cane sugar solution having been added, the cans are conveyed to the capping machine, which crimps on the caps, at the rate of 35-40 per minute. The canned fruit is then cooked in boiling water, after which it is ready for final labelling, packing and shipment. Slices that are broken are used for crushed pineapple, such as is used at soda fountains. The juice is bottled and thus sold. STEAMER DAY. Until the 'evelopment of airship traffic, all reaching or leaving Hawaii must of necessity do so by boat over the ocean Although a voyage by sailing vessel has its charms and delights, especially for one who enjoys the sea and has the required time at his disposal, still the majority of the people use the steamship in their travels. Such being the case they will of necessity know what "steamer day" means. Continuing a custom begun in monarchial days when steamers were not so numerous as they are now, the Hawaiian Band under the leadership of Captain Henry Berger still plays at the departure of steamers for the Pacific Coast. At the same time the friends and acquaintances of departing passengers appear with armsful of flower "leis" or wreaths which they throw about the necks of the latter, until sometimes they are so bedecked that they are hardly able to move. At once, combined and concentrated in the placing of a lei about another's neck, are the expression of one's regards, appreciation, one's sorrow at his departure, and of one's best wishes for a pleasant voyage. It is certainly an extremely pleasing and pretty custom, owing its origin to the Hawaiian's love of flowers and his making of "leis," and long will it linger in the memory and draw one back to these tropic shores. As the gang-plank is hauled away and the steamer begins to move, or possibly even before this, paper streamers are thrown by those on board to hose left behind and soon become one tangle of color, and leis are likewise cast back to be kept as the last memento of the departing and of steamer day. LEI VENDORS. Along Hotel street between Fort and Nuuanu Streets one finds the flower vendors. Seated on boxes along the inside of the sidewalk both men and women sit there all day long, stringing and intertwining flowers of vari THE ALOHA GUIDE 127 mus hues, the evergreen "maile" and variegated tissue paper, somet imnes seeds and shells, and offer theim for sale. On steamrer days they move and take np stations along the oute of travel towards the pier of the departing steamer and with good-natured rivalry besiege "kainaasin" (old-timer) and "inalhin " (newcomer) alike. ENTERTAINMENT. CONCERTS. While it cannot le said that itnolulu is Plentitully supplied with highc-lass entertainment, it must be dlmitted that it enjoys more opportunities to hear the best n music and song than do the cities of the United States, Outside of the music centers. This is because Honolulu is a toplping point on the route of travel between America and Alstralia, and artists are glad to break their journey here.;omne of those who have charmed Honolulu audiences within:he Sew years preceding the year 1915 are: Violnists: Jan luhelijk Jaroslasv Kocian Maud Powell and MSicha Ellman; tPioists: Leonard BOrwick, Katharine Gtiodoan, Harold Bauer, 128 THEALOHA GUIDE and Harold O. Smith, Harry M. Gilbert, Romayne Simmons as accompanists; Singers: Blanche Arral, Eva Mylott, Eleonora de Cisneros, Emma Calve, Yvonne de Treville, Lilian Nordica, Clara Butt, Galileo Gasparri, David Bispham, Paul Dufault, John McCormack, Kennell Rumford, Harry Lauder, the Sheffield Choir of England with 200 voices and special soloists, in 1911, and the Lambardi Opera Company which in 1913 gave three weeks of grand opera with the following caste: Blanche Hamilton Fox, Regina Vicarino Guyer, Virginia Pierce, Flora Pineschi, Ester Adaberto, Sophie Charlebois, Guiseppe Agostini, Eugenio Folco, Francesco Nicoletti, A. Graziani, Michele Giovacchini, Giovanni Martino, B. Marco, and an orchestra conducted by Arturo Bovi. John Philip Sousa with his band and soloists also gave concerts here in August, 1911, on his trip around the world. Likewise a company of players passing through will stop over for a week or two, although more frequently companies come here under engagement. So Frederick Warde, Daniel Frawley and others have brought companies to Honolulu. THEATRES. The only first-class theater is the Royal Hawaiian Opera House, located at the corner of King and Mililani Streets on Palace Square. It was built by the late W. G. Irwin at a cost of $60,000 in 1895 shortly after the destruction by fire of the previous opera house which stood on the same spot. It has a seating capacity of 1018 with a stage depth of 33 feet and width between galleries of 36 feet. From stage to gridiron the height is 40 feet and proscenium opening 27 feet. There are 10 dressing rooms. The Liberty Theater is a large brick barn-like structure at the corner of Chaplain Lane and Nuuanu Street which can accommodate 2000. The Bijou is a semi-enclosed corrugated iron structure on Pauahi Street, between Fort and Nuuanu with its main entrance on Hotel Street. It accommodates 1600. The Empire is a moving picture house on Hotel Street near Bethel which seats 930. Opposite this is the Hawaii Theater also a moving picture house. The Popular on Hotel Street beside the Young Hotel seats 550 and shows moving pictures. Besides these numerous "movie" houses are scattered all about the town. TH E A L HA G UI DDE 129 PARKS AND SQUARES. KAPIOLANI PARK at Waikiki is the best-known public park. Set aside in 1875, primarily as a race-course, it has been the scene of much horse-racing and gayety in years gone by, but for a number of years has been used only occasionally for racing. But the enclosure within the race-track is used for polo matches, baseball games and other sports. The park consists of 150 acres of land and is now being much developed and beautified, it, together with all other city parks being under the charge of the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of Honolulu. It extends from the sea-wall as far as the terminus of the Waikiki carline. There is, near the entrance, a good specimen of the banyan tree, which sends roots from its branches to the ground to form new trunks. The Public Baths grounds on the beach constitute a portion of the park. THOMAS SQUARE is bounded by King, Kapiolani, Beretania and Victoria Streets. Take either the Waikiki or Waialae car eastbound. This park consists of 6.6 acres with lawn and trees and a bandstand where concerts are given. See "Royal Hawaiian Band." This park received its name from the historic event referred to on page 25. Immediately after the temporary cession of the islands to Great Britain in 1843, Lord Paulet set to work overturning things as if the cession were to be permanent. On July 31, Rear-Admiral Thomas nullified all his acts by receding the islands to the people. Alexander, in his "Brief History of the Hawaiian People thus describes the event. "The 31st of July, a day memorable in Hawaiian history, was clear and cloudless. An open space on the plain east of the town, since called 'Thomas Square,' had been selected for the ceremonies of the day, two pavilions having been orected and a flag-staff planted. Thither poured the entire population of Honolulu, to witness the restoration of the flag. At 10 o'clock a. m. the marines of the 'Dublin,' 'Carysfort',nd 'Hazard,' being drawn up in line, with a battery of fieldPieces on their right, the king, escorted by his own troops, rrived on the ground. As the Hawaiian royal standard wjas 1ioisted, a salute of 21 guns was fired by the field battery, after which the national colors were raised over the fort -I~~~~~~~~KAILN PARK. THEALOHA GUIDE 131 and on Punchbowl Hill, and saluted by both forts and by the four men-of-war in port, followed by loud and long cheering from the assembled multitude. After the saluting, various evolutions were performed by the marines, after which the king was escorted to his residence, where the natives belonging to the late 'Queen's Regiment' came before him to sue for pardon, and to swear allegiance to their rightful sovereign. "At one o'clock p. m. the king attended a thanksgiving service in the Kawaiahao Church, where he addressed the people, informing them that, as he had hoped, 'the life of the land' had been restored, using the words which have since been adopted as the national motto, Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono-the life of the land is perpetuated by righteousness." THE NURSERY PARK at the corner of King and Keeaumoku Streets was for many years a portion of the government nursery. It has a rare collection of miscellaneous trees, the banyan tree at the corner being a good specimen. EMMA SQUARE, named in honor of Queen Emma, the wife of Kamehameha IV, gratefully remembered as the founder of the Queen's Hospital, is on Emma Street above Beretania. It is small, containing hardly an acre of ground. Band concerts are given here. AALA PARK is bounded by King and Beretania Streets and Nuuanu Stream, and is the most used park in the city. It consists of four acres and is constantly filled with both children and adults with baseball games almost always in progress. There is a bandstand here and band concerts are given on Wednesday evenings. NUUANU PARK is at the terminus of the Nuuanu carline to the right on the road to the Pali. This was formerly the residence of Princess Rooke. LILIUOKALANI GARDENS are located along the banks of Nuuanu Stream between School and Kuakini Streets. The land was obtained by donations from former Queen Liliuokalani and some citizens and by purchase, the title remaining in the Civic Federation of Honolulu. Kapena Falls in the Park are most picturesque. THEALOHA GUIDE There are numerous other parks and playgrounds but the above are the principal ones. The following two described gardens are private, although the public is granted admission to share in their beauties. AINAHAU is entered by a roadway opposite the Moana Hotel at Waikiki and was the residence of the late A. S. Cleghorn, father of the former Princess Kaiulani. Mr. Cleghorn, upon his death in 1911, devised Ainahau to Honolulu as a public park specifying certain conditions, among them that it should be closed after 6 p. m. Using this as a pretext, the legislature of 1913 rejected the gift, the city being now the poorer for it, for here tropical trees, plants, vines and shrubbery abound in such profusion and luxuriance as to offer wonderful opportunities for parking. The property is now operated as a hotel, the numerous cottages being used for the purpose. The large banyan tree growing in front of the main building was a favorite retreat of Robert Louis Stevenson while he sojourned here. MOANALUA GARDENS are located at Moanalua, 3.5 miles from the city and half a mile from the terminus of the Kalihi carline. These are especially suited to a drive but can also be covered in a leizurely walk of a couple of hours. Of the 9,045 acres of land, extending from the sea to the mountains, owned by Mr. S. M. Damon, much is still in its natural state, but the portion that is kept up constitutes the most beautiful garden in Honolulu. Approaching the park, just before reaching the stream which crosses the road, a path to the right leads to the Japanese garden and tea-house, the most beautiful portion of the grounds. The house conspicuously situated on the knoll in the distance is Mr. Damon's palatial residence. The stranger will have an opportunity to become familiar with rice and taro culture, banana, mango, breadfruit, cocoanut, palm and many other island trees. Beyond the stream and bridge a road leads makai over half a mile, through some beautiful grounds. Farther along the main road to the left are the horticultural gardens, where experiments with numerous varieties of mangoes, figs, alligator pears, bananas, coffee, oranges, grapes, grape fruit, nursery plants, orchids and ferns have been going on for TH AL.,OH'A G UI DE 1 33 i_. I i, i ',,, ' __ __ I. _r l,;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ _, ~A _RA. TH E ALOHA GUIDE many years. The gardens are open every day until 6 p. m. but the hot-houses only on Saturdays. These are well worth a visit. SALT LAKE is about half a mile beyond the Gardens. A few hundred feet beyond the first considerable curve and bend to the left of the road is a road leading abruptly back to the left up the mountain side. Ascending this a short distance to the top one sees salt lake sunk within the hill, Aliapaakai Hill, an extinct crater. The water of this lake is so salty that for many years a salt factory was located here, and a stick thrown in will soon become thickly coated with salt. THE POLO FIELD is reached by continuing again along the main road a quarter of a mile or so where a road branches off to the right, and then continuing about three-quarters of a mile along this branch road. These grounds form a natural amphitheater, with the hills enclosing them serving as vantage ground from which to view the games. The annual interisland polo matches are played here in July and August. Still beyond this polo field is the beautiful Moanalua Valley (q. v.) while to the left on the hill are the Moanalua golf links. PEARL HARBOR, a magnificent body of water of vast expanse, is located seven miles from Honolulu. This harbor was first offered the United States in 1874 during negotiations for a reciprocity treaty but was then refused, being ceded to the Federal government as a coaling station in 1887. Its possibilities, however, were not seriously considered until after annexation of the islands in 1898. It is now the naval station and base. Recently the United States have undertaken great improvements here. At a cost of $3,250,000 the channel entrance has been dredged and straightened, this work being completed in 1911, and commemorated on December 14th of that year by the ceremonious entrance of the U. S. S. "California" under Admiral Southerland into the harbor. A dry-dock, 1039 feet long 148 feet wide and 25 feet THE ALOHA GUIDDE 135 deep is to be built here, and completed July 1, 1918. This work was undertaken and the greater portion of the drydock was completed when in April, 1913, while the water was being pumped out, the pressure from beneath caused the structure to collapse. Near the drydock are numerous industrial and administration buildings, barracks and arsenals. Take train to Puuloa and thence carriage to dock at Watertown. Fare: Round trip, train 30 cents; carriage, 50 cents. It may also be reached by automobile. A half a day's launch trip to this harbor and about it can be made at an expense of $15. See Young Brothers. WAHIAWA is 25 miles from town by rail. It is the original pineapple district founded by a colony of American agriculturists in 1899. It is a small village surrounded by pineapple fields, and being of an elevation of 1000 feet offers to pleasure-seekers and those seeking the cool atmosphere, recreation and rest. The Hawaiian Islands Pineapple cannery is located here and may be inspected whenever it is running, the height of the canning season being from July to September. A large dam has been constructed here for the purpose of storing up water for the Waialua Sugar Plantation. Not far away the Waiahole tunnel pierces the Koolau mountains bringing water from the Waiahole Valley on the other side. Mount Kaala, 4030 feet high, a flat top peak of the Waianae range may be ascended from this point. Wahiawa Hotel American plan $2.50 upward per day; $15 upward per week; $45 upward per month. HALEIWA AND WAIALUA. Haleiwa Hotel is at Waialua, 56 miles from Honolulu by rail. It takes a little over two hours to reach it. This attractive hotel is popular as a weekend outing place, with golf links, tennis, boating and seabathing at hand. The O. R. & L. Co. issues two-day excursion tickets for $10. Leaving Honolulu on the 9:15 train any day except Saturday or Sunday, one arrives at Haleiwa (house of fire) shortly before luncheon, and spends the after THEALOHA GUIDE noon and evening to suit one's self. The next morning at 9 a carriage takes one to the Waialua Sugar Mill and after luncheon at tthe hotel another carriage at two starts for Wahiawa, the pineapple district, where, if it be canning season (July to September) a pineapple cannery may be inspected. A train leaves for town at 5:30. Five miles from the hotel along the main road are two heiaus, or Hawaiian temples, which may be inspected if one be interested. They are in ruins, the stonewalls being still there. Hotel rates: American plan $3 per day. LAIE, 2.5 miles from Kahuku and 4 miles from Hauula is a Mormon settlement founded in 1850. It is an attractive village of 700 inhabitants e'ho are very industrious. It has a clurch seating 1000 people. HAUULA is 78 miles from Honolulu by rail and 32 miles by way of the Pali. Here is located a hotel which furnishes good meals and an opportunity to rest and explore some of the beautiful valleys and mountains on the windward side of the island. At the back of the hotel is Kaliuwaa Valley, a narrow remarkably beautiful valley with a fine waterfall at its head. Sea bathing is also to be had. Hotel Aubrey rates: American plan $3 per day; $18 per week; $65 per month. THE KANEOHE CORAL GARDENS, 12 miles from Honolulu, make a pleasant day's outing. The road leads over the Pali and then winds down the windward side, branching off to Kaneohe. Here along the beautiful shores are to be had bathing and boating, and through the clear blue waters one sees interesting marine life. An automobile leaves the Hawaii Promotion Committee rooms daily at 8 a. m., returning at 5 p. m. The entire trip, including lunch at Kaneohe costs $3.50. Board and lodging at Kaneohe Hale is $2.50 per day with special rates for longer stays. T H iT ri id C3 aa i c, rr 17 T> D 1w3"i _________ _____ _ _ _ -~~~~~~~~~~p I, ~;l;:~~.~i~ ~ C~. i~: ' "~I~i;~~~.~ _ t ~,~ '~' ~ ~ ~ 'i A M Y '2azY'IX 5.., ~ ~ i,..,........ S.'i 0 Xf,~"~E,>,.j.2 Vi.,,.i;. ~ii: l '0~~ S' xY'_il 1 j t~. ',0,gi 'E 15 cit'. 0 ~..,E8.,'1,ig,,Y2....,jjG,.H~ll ^ '' l,.ylll'' Yy. g ' A i'' '' I.- Y Y 14a 1 Y *r 5 0 r p~ ~l:i M1 0 i 1........... &- a~ I _. ~ ~IIY014 s liiy.. ~~~~~~~~~~~i,,,5 k,",6E..iYj2xjE2~ y5, ~. j........... 4 6>R0 }5z'E _ E 1.iW'gi f 0 K5 ~<6S R ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-y:, Z~. ~.... <.. Y.. z.J~ gl-mpl,'>' >A5 5 5X' M M '0 / Xsx 5k' ' j'Cyz E l ~. ~., Y i. s,~~6 y il 6 Y 6 t.Y. pY E. zeS.dI is... 5, / S/zlX W1 cj/}j I~ isY.~ lK fl -;.g rX i... "X. jjg... 0 llia j. Y Y...Y1 jj 0j..... E!j THEALOHAGUIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES. THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, consisting of three members, may regulate and control all public utility institutions doing business within the Territory of Hawaii, and may of its own initiative, investigate any phase of any such business and correct any abuses. It was brought into existence in 1913. There are now 26 public utilities subject to its jurisdiction. Its offices are 413 Kauikeolani Building on King Street near Fort. GOVERNMENTAL UTILITIES. WATER WORKS. The Honolulu water is excellent and there never has been any indisposition caused by it. All the water consumed is furnished by a system owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu, excepting, of course, water obtained from private artesian wells. In Nuuanu Valley there are four reservoirs, having a capacity of 663,000,000 gallons, which catch water from the mountain watershed lying just above. Reservoirs in other sections of the city have a capacity of 10,500,000 gallons. In the various sections of the city there are eight pumps which for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914 pumped about 4,200,000,000 gallons. For irrigation purposes the use of water is restricted to the hours between 6 and 8 in the morning and 4 and 6 in the evening. The office is at the corner of Alakea and King Streets. SEWER WORKS. The greater portion of Honolulu is connected with the public sewer system, also owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. This is a pump and not a gravity system. Office with water works. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department of Honolulu up to 1893 was wholly a volunteer service. In 1875 it boasted of three hand engines, each having a hook and ladder and a hose company, with 255 members in all. Today Honolulu is afforded fire protection by six fire companies having 5 steam and 6 chemical engines and 50 men, under the supervision of a chief and his assistant. The Central Fire Station and fire department headquarters are at the corner of Fort and Beretania Streets, in a building T-H E AL O H A GUIDE 139 of lava stone with iron roof, costing $37,500. Here are located three fire companies, having 3 chemical and 3 steam engines. The Makiki Station is at the corner of Wilder Avenue and Piikoi Street, housed in a two-story frame building. It has 1 chemical and 1 steam engine. The Palama Station is at the corner of Austin Lane and King Street housed in a two-story brick and tile building costing $18,954. The equipment is like the Makiki Station. The Kaimuki Station is at the corner of Pahoa and Reservoir Avenues housed in a two-story frame building with a chemical engine like the Makiki and Palama Stations, that is, a type C 4 cylinder 53 h. p. Seagrave Motor propelled combination hose wagon and chemical engine, carrying one Morse turret nozzle, 1500 feet 21/2 inch cotton covered rubber lined fire hose, two 35 gallon chemical tanks, 200 feet 1 inch chemical hose, one 20 foot extension ladder, one 12 foot roof ladder with folding hooks, two 3 gallon fire extinguishers and otherwise fully equipped, manned by one captain, one lieutenant, one driver and three hosemen. Both the fire and police departments are under civil service rules. THE TERRITORIAL MARKETING DIVISION, temporarily located at the corner of Queen and Nuuanu Streets, is intended to be of assistance to those people who have small crops and small quantities of products such as it would be unprofitable to endeavor to sell to stores, to market. It is the intermediary between the producer and the salesman or consumer, selling either wholesale or retail. A merely nominal charge is made for handling and selling products, the running expenses being met by legislative appropriations. It accepts anything that is vendable, meat, poultry, fruit, vegetables, and sells at the best obtainable price. This market is of special benefit to producers living on the other islands, away from the consumer, and in no position to sell their products. POLICE DEPARTMENT. The headquarters of the Honotllu Police Department are at Kalakaua Hale at the foot of Blethel Street, in the same building with the District Court.!ere are the offices of the sheriff and his deputy and of the detective department. There are 96 men on the payroll of 140 THE ALOHA GUIDE the Honolulu police department, 47 of these foot police, 20 horse and 15 in the detective division. In addition there are 21 police in the outlying districts of the island of Oahu. JAILS. The City and County Jail and the Oahu Jail adjoin each other, and are both located on high ground south of the railway depot. The former is for the safe-keeping of prisoners convicted of misdemeanors and for those awaiting trial who have not been admitted to bail. In the latter, built in 1857, those convicted of felonies are incarcerated. A new jail is being constructed at Kalihi. Hawaii has the indeterminate sentence. All who serve more than a year in prison are, upon their release, given five dollars and a suit of clothing. These jails may be visited by the public, but contain little of interest to the ordinary visitor. THE OAHU INSANE ASYLUM is a Territorial institution located at the head of Insane Asylum Road on School Street. PUBLIC UTILITY CORPORATIONS. Honolulu Rapid Transit & Land Co. Honolulu has a good electric trolley car system operating over 25 miles of track. An extension to Pearl Harbor and one into Kalihi Valley are contemplated. The system is single track, except along King Street, the "Kalihi and Waikiki" line, which is double-tracked. Cars are run between 5:30 a. m. and 11:30 p. m. on a tenminute schedule. The cars are open and well adapted to local climatic conditions, having shades which can be pulled down in case of rain. The first cars of this line ran in 1901, succeeding a tramway system which had been in operation since 1889. The franchise to operate an electric system was givei to the H. R. T. et L. Co. in 1898 for a period of 30 years but in 1913 an extension to 1950 was granted by the Hawaiian legislature, which is to be ratified by Congress. The author ized capital stock of this corporation is $1,250,000 of which $1,207,500 has been issued. The company's office and barns are at the corner of Alapai and Young Streets. THEALOHA GUIDE 141. Oahu Railway & Land Co. This company, which obtained its franchise in 1888 operates a narrow guage railway from Honolulu as far as Kahuku, a distance of 71 miles with a branch line to Wahiawa (13 miles), the pineapple district and to Leilehua, the army post. The total operating mileage of the company is 109, but spurs to pineapple fields, etc., bring it to 127. The capital stock is $5,000,000, shares having the par value of $100. The franchise, originally for twenty years was extended in 1903 to September 11, 1938. The Honolulu depot is on King Street opposite Aala Street. The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd. All the electrical power used in Honolulu, excepting that used by the city which is generated by a plant in Nuuanu Valley operated by the City and County of Honolulu, is furnished by the Hawaiian Electric Co. This company was incorporated in 1891 and has a capital stock of $1,000,000 divided into 10,000 shares. The charge for electricity for lighting purposes is 10 cents per kilowatt hour with a minimum charge of $1 per month. Its business office is on King Street near Alakea and its electrical and cold-storage plants are at the corner of Alakea and Halekauila Streets near the waterfront. Honolulu Gas Co., Ltd. Incorporated in 1904 the Honolulu Gas Co., Ltd., has a capital stock of $400,000 divided into 3500 shares. It is chartered to furnish gas for illuminating, cooking and power purposes. It manufactures gas from crude oil at its works at Iwilei. In Jan. 1915 it had 4300 consumers of its product. It charges $1.50 per 1000 cubic feet with a minimum charge of $1 per month. Its business office is at the corner if Alakea and Beretania Streets. Pacific Commercial Cable Co. Ever since 1902 Hawaii has l een in communication with the rest of the world by cable. ''he cable is laid from San Francisco to Honolulu and then l'ins 1300 miles to the Midway Islands, to Guam and to:lianghai, another line going to the Celebes Islands, Dutch Iiast Indies and to Tokio. The cable office is on Bishop;treet in the Young Hotel Building. This company is a New I ork corporation. Cable rates are as follows: 142 THE AL OHA GUIDE Office Open Day and Night. Cable Rates per Word between Honolulu andSan Francisco.........$.25 Philippines, other isGuam...................60 lands................. 1.18 Philippines, Manila.....85 China, Shanghai.......95 Philippines, Luzon and Hongkong............95 Mindoro..............90 Macao................ 1.00 Philippines, Iloilo, Baco- Japan..................96 lod, Cebu............ 1.00 Per Word Eastward of San Francisco Alabama..............$.09 Arkansas.............09 Arizona................04 California..............04 Colorado.............06 Connecticut.............12 Delaware...............12 District of Columbia.....12 Florida................12 Georgia.................12 Idaho...................04 Illinois..................09 Indiana.................09 Iowa..............09 Kansas.................06 Kentucky...............09 Louisiana...............09 Maine..............12 Maryland...............12 Massachusetts..........12 Michigan..............09 Minnesota..............09 Mississippi.............09 M issouri................09 Montana................06 Nebraska...............06 Nevada................$.04 New Hampshire........ New Jersey............ New Mexico........... New York............. North Carolina......... North Dakota.......... O hio................... Oklahoma.............. O regon................ Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... South Carolina........ South Dakota.......... Tennessee............. Texas................. U tah.................. Vermont............... Virginia............... Washington............ West Virginia......... W isconsin............. Vancouver............. Great Britain and Ireland................. Wyoming.............. France and Germany....12.12.06.12.12.06.09.09.04.12.12.12.09;.09.04.12.1:.01.1 '.0t.:6 t.?' THE ALOHA GUIDE 143 A HAWAII COAST SCEN r` ~. ~E i d C) i~r a r r > 4 ~ 91I 144 THEALOHA GUIDE Mutual Telephone Co., Ltd. In August, 1910, this company substituted for the Bell system an automatic telephone system. Incorporated in 1883 this company has a capital stock of $750,000 of which $515,570 has thus far been issued, shares being of the par value of $10. The telephone has a most interesting history in Hawaii, it being first put into commercial use here. In 1878, only two years after the original patent was granted to A. G. Bell, the first telephone was installed in the islands. The Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company was incorporated in 1879 and service begun on December 30, 1880. In 1894 it consolidated with the Mutual Telephone Co. The office of the company is on Adam's Lane. The Hawaiian Telegraph and Telephone Co., Ltd., was incorporated in 1909, and maintains wireless communication with ships at sea and with the islands of the group, this having been the first commercial wireless company in existence. Wireless telegraphy was in successful operation in Hawaii before anywhere else. The office of this company is in the Mutual Telephone building on Adam's lane, and its operating station is at Wahiawa. Rates: Ordinary messages, 15 cents per word; minimum charge $1.50-address and signature counted. The office of the Wireless is open until two o'clock a. m. each morning for the receipt of ship's message. Station open on week days at 7 a. m. closing at 5:30 p. m., or as soon thereafter as line is clear. Sunday hours, 8 to 10 a. m. only. Messages from ship to shore or shore to ship to any destination in the Hawaiian Islandz, per word, 10c; minimum charge $1.00. Address and signature counted. To this must be added the ship's charges. Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. of America. This cJmpanY has two powerful stations on Oahu, both the largest plants in the world, one at Kahuku and the other at Koko Head. It handles code and general messages to all cities of the main land, Canada and Europe. Its office at Fort Street, between Merchant and King is open daily from 8 a. m. to 11 p. nW This company has a special rate to Great Britain. The Federal Telegraph Co. with a powerful station at Heeia, windward Oahu, uses the Poulsen system and tran3 - THE ALO HA GUIDE acts business like the Marconi company at the same rates. Its office is at 1055 Alakea Street, between King and Hotel. This company supplies the Honolulu press dispatches. It began operating September 23, 1912. Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. In 1853 the first steamboat was operated among the islands, the S. B. Wheeler later called the "Akamai" being then put into the inter-island trade by a California company, which obtained a charter from the government, annulled in 1856. Four years later the InterIsland Steam Navigation Company received a charter and went into the inter-island business. It was incorporated in 1883 and in 1905 bought out the Wilder Steamship Co. Its capital stock is $2,250,000 divided into $100 shares. The company has a fleet of 16 steamers and a floating dry-dock with a capacity of 4500 tons. Its office is on Queen Street near Fort. QUASI-PUBLIC UTILITIES. THE PRESS. There are four monthly publications in Honolulu: The Friend and The Hawaiian Church Chronicle are religious, while The Paradise of the Pacific and Mid-Pacific Magazine are secular, and deal, the former, always beautifully illustrated, with Hawaii, and the latter with all Oceanica and Hawaii. The Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser is the morning paper and The Star-Bulletin, formed by the amalgamation of the Star and the Bulletin in 1912, is the afternoon paper. The office of the former is on King Street near Alakea and of the latter on Alakea Street, between King and Hotel. Both these papers issue a semi-weekly edition, the former under the name of The Hawaiian Gazette. The Sunday Advertiser is the only Sunday paper. In addition to the above there are 2 Hawaiian weeklies, 2 (hinese tri-weeklies, 5 Japanese dailies and a monthly, 2 Por'iguese weeklies, one Filipino and one Korean weekly, and (,thers. The Hawaiian Annual is a book of reference which llas been regularly issued since 1875 and always contains ouch valuable statistical and other information, confining it-:elf more particularly to the current year. Thos. G. Thrum "f Honolulu is the publisher. Price 85 cents by mail. THEALOHA GUIDE THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION has splendid quarters at the corner of Hotel and Alakea Streets. The fine three-story concrete building costing $230,000 was dedicated October 15, 1911. The association dates back to April 30, 1869. Its membership is over 1500. The third floor of the building is devoted to a dormitory accommodating 32 men, having 24 rooms. On the first floor is a cafeteria for members, which in the year preceding May 1, 1914 served 96,388 meals. There are evening education classes in many subjects. The association is supplemented by a Japanese branch of 200 members and a Korean branch of 100 members. Full membership is $10 and limited membership $5 per year. Visiting members of other associations are accorded full privileges. Massage and electric light baths may be had. The gymnasium is thoroughly equipped and the reading, lounging and game rooms afford opportunities for recreation. Visitors are welcome. Ladies night, once a month affords an opportunity for inspecting the building. THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION is located on the fourth floor of the Boston Building, on Fort Street between King and Hotel. It is open daily, except Sunday, from 8 a. m. to 4 p. m., and serves a midday lunch to women for 20 cents. THE HAWAII PROMOTION COMMITTEE office adjoins the main entrance to the Alexander Young Hotel on Bishop Street. The Territory as well as the several islands and counties and numerous private subscribers contribute the $30,000 per year necessary to maintain this bureau of information for the visitor and prospective visitor to the islands. Illustrated pamphlets, descriptive of the islands, railway and steamship time tables, hotel folders and general information, and travel data relating to the Islands and all parts of the world are to be had here-free of charge. Here may be seen fine relief maps of the different islands of the group. H. P. Wood is secretary. The committee also has a San Francisco office THE PARADISE TOURS COMPANY, with offices at 110h Union street, diagonally across from the Young Hotel, iin the business of conducting tourists to all parts of Honolulu THEALOHA GUIDE 147 and the various islands, and because of the special rates it is able to obtain, the tourist will frequently find it to his advantage to consult the company before making his final arrangements. THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE whose activities date from March, 1859, was in April, 1914 amalgamated with the Merchants' Association, which had existed since April, 1901. Its objects are to "foster and encourage commerce, manufacture, horticulture and agriculture; to promote the passing of beneficial laws in City, County and Territory; to obtain the best possible transportation facilities, both passenger and freight; to attract and interest visitors, and to generally advertise and promote the welfare of the Territory of Hawaii." Membership is open to any person engaged in commercial pursuits in Hawaii. The admission fee is $10 and quarterly dues are not less than $3 nor more than $9 depending on the necessities. Its headquarters are in the Kauikeolani Building on King Street near Fort. THE SEAMEN'S INSTITUTE is at the corner of Halekauila and Alakea Streets. The present two-story brick building in the large well-kept grounds was erected in 1883 for the purpose of providing a shore home for seamen, the original sailor's home having been founded in 1853. At the present time it is under the control of "The Missions to Seamen" Society of London, England, which institution is under the auspices of the Church of England, and has similar institutions in all the principal ports of the world. The local institution is supported by local contributions and by collections taken up at church services on shipboard on voyages to this port. Bishop H. B. Restarick, is President of the Board of Directors and Reverend Canon William Ault is Chaplain. The institution endeavors to be of service to seamen in every possible way. It has accommodations for fifty men. A single 'oom may be had for $2 per week or 35 cents per night and a double room, occupied by two persons, for $1.50 per week or 25 cents per night for each person. Special features are the clubroom, gymnasium, saving's bank, baggage room, pool and billiard tables, reading room, writing room and library, and information bureau on shipping. The institute exchanges TH E A LO HA G U I DE libraries with the various steamships arriving here. 1L the chapel services are held Sundays at 7:15 a. m. Every Friday evening ladies of the Episcopal Church assist in entertaining. The institute is well patronized. Chas. F. Mant is superintendent and H. O. Reinhardt is assistant superintendent. THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES OF HAWAII has offices at 1123 Alakea Street near Hotel. It was organized in 1899 with the following expressed objects: "To concentrate charity work of the city, have a bureau of information, or clearing house, where necessary information can be gained, and to relieve the charitably disposed people of this city of the constant importunities of persons seeking relief; to stop begging, prevent duplicate alms-giving, discourage pauperism, and to so organize the charity work of the city that each society shall, as far as possible, care for those who would naturally receive their beneficence." The principle has been acted upon, that it is more desirable to provide work than to give alms, but wherever the latter has been necessary it has been bestowed. Hon. Sanford B. Dole was for 14 consecutive years president and Mrs. Mary S. Whitney for the same time secretary of the organization. LUNALILO HOME is at the head of Piikoi Street, reached by the Punahou eastbound car by getting off at the corner of Wilder Avenue and Piikoi. It is a home for aged Hawaiians set in spacious grounds, and left by King Lunalilo as his legacy to his people at his death February 3, 1874, after a brief reign of one year and 25 days. The home which consists of one large concrete building was opened in 1881, and has 70 inmates, about one-third women. The endowment amounts to about $200,000 invested to produce the revenue required to meet expenses. Visitors are always welcome. THE KING'S DAUGHTERS' HOME is maintained by voluntary contributions for the purpose of caring for lone and aged people. It is at 1625 Makiki Street. LANAKILA HALE, at Palama, was established in 1913, tc provide a place where young women working in factories oi desirous of finding work and having no homes of their own THE ALOHA GUIDE could be housed and cared for within the wages they are earning. The home can accommodate about forty-five girls. KAIULANI HOME FOR GIRLS. See index. THE CATHOLIC ORPHANAGE founded in 1909, is located in Kalihi Valley, about two miles from King Street, where fine climatic conditions are of great assistance to the wellbeing of the little orphans. THE SALVATION ARMY GIRLS' HOME is in Manoa Valley where numerous little girls receive every care and attention. THE CASTLE HOME for children is not far away from the last named and likewise contributes to every need of lonely children. THE QUEEN'S HOSPITAL was founded in 1859 by Kamehameha IV and his wife, Queen Emma, who will ever be gratefully remembered for this fine institution. It is at the corner of Beretania and Punchbowl Streets, on the Punahou carline, in grounds covering 17 acres in which tropical trees and plants abound in great profusion, partially hiding the hospital buildings. This is not a free hospital except for the indigent. It has 130 beds, 27 of these private. LEAHI HOME, organized April 4, 1900, is at 649 13th Avenue, Kaimuki, reached by the Waialae cars, or by the Punahou and King Street cars by transferring at Pawaa Junction. It is a home primarily for incurables, most of the patients being sufferers with lung troubles, who find great benefit in the dry air and the outdoor life. It accommodates 70 patients at present. KAUIKEOLANI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, located on Kuakini Street, Ewa of Nuuanu, was opened November 24, 1909, and as its name implies is exclusively for children. It has an endowment of $100,000 and can care for 50 patients. KAPIOLANI MATERNITY HOME is at the corner of Bere tania and Makiki Streets on the Waialae and Beretania Street carline. Having an insufficient endowment it receives government aid and gives an annual luau, which is quite an event to raise funds. It can care for 25 cases. THEALOHAGUIDE SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS. SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS are located in various parts of town. Palama Settlement was the first founded and for nearly 20 years has been administering to the neighborhood in which it is located. It is on King Street, at the foot of Liliha Street and may be reached by either the Kalihi or the Liliha car. In this settlement the district nursing feature is very prominent. The neighborhood is Hawaiian and Oriental. The settlement has a gymnasium, swimming tank, residents' house, a large playground, boys' and girls' clubhouses, and rents cottages which both help the tenants and at the same time provide revenue. Kakaako Mission is at the corner of Queen and South Streets, several blocks from the Waikiki carline. The neighborhood is Hawaiian-Portuguese. There are a playground, a kindergarten and a main building. Kalihi Union Church is an institutional church located on King Street near Kamehameha IV Road, on the Kalihi carline. It has large grounds anid a church building. It conducts classes of all kinds and has a kindergarten. It also administers to the needs of the neighborhood. Beretania Settlement is on Beretania Street between Smith and Maunakea. It has a main building, residents' home and clubhouses, and operates a number of tenements. The beneficiaries are chiefly Chinese. There are classes in sewing, drafting and manual training. FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS. There are in Honolulu lodges representing a great many different orders. Free Masonry was established in 1843, when the first masonic lodge west of the Rocky Mountains was organized. There are in Honolulu three masonic blue lodges, all under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of California. There are the Scottish Rite, Knights Templar and Mystic Shrine, and 3 chapters of the Eastern Star (women's) orders All the foregoing meet in the Masonic Temple, which is locat ed at the corner of Alakea and Hotel Streets. 152 TI E A LOH A G U I DE The Independent Order of Odd Fellovs has four chapters and two Rebecca degree lodges which meet in the Odd Fellows' Building on Fort Street one door above King Street. The Knights of Pythias have three primary lodges and also an endowment and uniform rank. All these meet in the Pythian Hall at the corner of Fort and teretania Streets. The Rathbone Sisters reet in Pythian Hall The B. P. 0. Elks have their hall on King Street near Fort. The Ancient Order of Foresters meets in Pythian Hall. The Improved Order of Rednmen meets n Odd Fellows' IHall. The Order of Sons of St. George meets in Pythlian Hallt The Loyal Order of Mloose meets il Progress Hall. The Fraternal Order of Eagles meets in Pythian Hall George W. De Long Post, No. 45 G. A R., was organized before the annexation of the islands, being the first post outside of the United States, Uider its auspices nemorial day is fitingly observed. It meets in Odd Fellows' Hall The Hawaiian Society of the Sons of the American Revolution was organized Jlne 17, 1895, the annliversary of the battle of Bunker Hill, and is composed of the descendents of lthe old revolutionary families. There are two Hawaiian lodges besides others. "*S1'..:'ZH '.-U fc,.;:.:*..-l..*.['**.*t*.;.^,":.;.' * "~;: Mi. c '" "'; "?..." i-''-*.. " ^.:'' '-....r ':.'";. "* ' 'c: Bi -! T H E A LO H A G U I D E MISCELLANEOUS CLUBS. THE PACIFIC CLUB is the oldest social club in Honolulu, having been organized in 1852. It is exclusive in its membership and no admission will be had unless as the guest of a member. It is located on Alakea Street, two doors below Beretania Street. THE UNIVERSITY CLUB, composed of university men, was organized in 1905 and incorporated in 1907. It has a membership of over 300. It occupies attractive spacious quarters on leased land, which it has an option to purchase at a fixed price within 20 years, at the corner of Hotel and Richards Streets. The initiation fee is $50 and monthly dues are $4. Meals and refreshments are served to members. Breakfast and lunch are 50 cents and dinner 75 cents. It also has four guest rooms, which are always taken. There are a number of alumni college clubs, such as the Yale and Harvard Clubs, which have no specified meetings. THE COMMERCIAL CLUB occupies the entire fourth and fifth floors of the McCandless Building at the corner of Bethel and King Streets. It has a membership of 300. There are attractive reading and game rooms, a buffet, and a dining room where meals are served to members. Breakfast and dinner are a la carte, lunch 35 cents. The initiation fee is $50 and monthly dues $3. THE COUNTRY CLUB, organized in 1906, occupies a beautiful expanse of land in Nuuanu Valley, near the present terminus of the carline. It has a club building in the center of its 18-hole golf course, golf constituting the chief diversion of the members. The membership, consisting of both ladies and gentlemen is over 500. The initiation fee is $50 and dues are $2.50 per month for regular membership, there being special provisions for non-resident, temporary, junior, military and naval members. The initiation fee for ladies is $10 with dues of 50 cents per month. Visitors' cards granting privileges of the club for not more than two months may be had for $10. Meals are served at the club to members. Dances, receptions, teas and other social events are held. THE ALOHA GUIDE THE OUTRIGGER CLUB, organized in 1908, has a beautiful location at Waikiki Beach between the Moana and Seaside Hotels. The club is for the enjoyment of sea-bathing and surfing and has over 400 members. Membership is $5 and dues are $6 per year for senior and $5 for junior members. The Women's Auxiliary occupies separate quarters on the same premises. This also has a membership of 400, membership being $5 and dues $5 per year. Visitors' cards granting the privileges of the club for not more than three months may be had at $1 per month. THE TRAIL AND MOUNTAIN CLUB was organized in 1910 for the purpose of encouraging mountain climbing and in that connection securing and providing proper trails and rest houses. It frequently conducts excursions to points of interest, these being advertised in the local papers. There is no initiation fee, dues being $5 per year. THE HONOLULU YACHT CLUB, organized June 20, 1909, has its headquarters at Pearl Harbor, and is the successor to the Hawaii Yacht Club, whose clubhouse it uses. Its primary object is to encourage yachting. Under its auspices yachting regattas and fishing and pleasure trips are conducted now and again. It has a membership of 130. The initiation fee is $2.50 and dues are 50 cents per month. THE MYRTLE BOAT CLUB, organized in 1883, has its boat and clubhouse at the entrance of the harbor at the waterfront terminus of the Punahou car. Its object is to encourage rowing, swimming and aquatic sports. The initiation fee for senior membership (over 18) is $5 and dues are $1 per month; for junior membership they are $3 and 50 cents. Visitors may secure the privileges of the club upon the application of a member free for three weeks and for not more than three months by paying $5. THE HEALANI BOAT AND YACHT CLUB, incorporated in 1894, has the same objects as the Myrtle Club, and its boathouse is nearby. The initiation fees and dues and visitors' privileges are also practically identical. THE KUNALU BOAT CLUB located beside the Myrtle Boathouse, is a ladies' club, whose objects are much like those of the two men's clubs. THE ALOHA GUIDE 155 THE HUI NALU CLUB is a men's club for the fostering of swimming and surfing with its headquarters at the Moana Hotel Bathhouse. TENNIS CLUBS there are several of in Honolulu and they all accord privileges to visitors. The Pacific Tennis Courts are located at the corner of Richards and Merchant Streets in town. The initiation fee is $25 and monthly dues are $1. The Beretania Street Tennis Courts are at the corner of Young and Kapiolani Streets opposite Thomas Square. The initiation fee is $10 and monthly dues are $1. The Manoa Tennis Courts are at the junction of Manoa Road and Kamehameha Avenue. Initiation fee is $10 and monthly dues $1. The Neighborhood Tennis Club Courts are at the corner of Victoria and Green Streets. The initiation fee is $10 and monthly dues are $1.50. The Moana Hotel Courts are open to the public at 25 cents per person per hour in the daytime and 50 cents at night. The Manoa Courts are the only other courts having provisions for night play. THE HAWAII TUNA CLUB is an organization formed in 1914 for the purpose of game fishing in the ocean banks and shoals about the islands. It has its headquarters at the Promotion Committee rooms. See "Sports." THE OUTDOOR CIRCLE is a ladies' organization whose object is to make Honolulu "a more beautiful and healthful city, freeing it from disfigurement and developing its natural beauties." It has done considerable for the improvement of the city. Its dues are a sum of at least $1 pear year and it raises funds by fairs and other means. THE HONOLULU AD CLUB, founded in 1912, is a member of the Associated Ad Clubs of the World, its primary purpose being to promote a greater interest in advertising as well as to foster truthfulness and honesty therein. Besides it has numerous local side interests and frequently gives luncheons at which subjects of popular interest are discussed. It has a membership of over 700. The Ad Club tourist committee conducts enjoyable Sunday excursions. THE MUNICIPAL RESEARCH CLUB, organized in 1912, meets monthly in the rooms of the Chamber of Commerce and has for its objects the discussion and improvement of municipal affairs in general. THEALOHAG UIDE THE HANDS AROUND THE PACIFIC CLUB is an organization intended to harmonize and to instill a friendly feeling between the various islands of the Pacific and Australia. Occasionally banquets are arranged as a means to the accomplishment of its intended end. ATHLETIC FIELDS are located in various sections of the city. Makiki Reserve is on Kinau Street between Makiki and Keeaumoku Streets. The Athletic Baseball Park is on Beretania Street, near Aala Street. The League Ball Grounds are between Beretania and King Streets at Moiliili. Aala Park is a public park where baseball is almost constantly in progress. Alexander Field is the school field at Oahu College. The Kamehameha Field is the Kamehameha School athletic field. It is on Kalihi Road two blocks mauka of King Street and beside the Manual Training School. MILITARY POSTS. Hawaii is a military department and is being constantly strengthened, it being intended to make Oahu in fact, as in name, the "Gibraltar of the Pacific." Ultimately it is expected that there will be 15,000 men stationed here. There are six military "posts" and one marine camp in and about Honolulu. Information as to times for visiting the various posts may be obtained by telephoning to them. Schofield Barracks are situated on the plains of Leilehua behind the Waianae range of mountains, 27 miles from Honolulu by train, and 25 by carriage road. Here are stationed cavalry, artillery and infantry regiments, this being the strongest post on Oahu. Fort Kamehameha is at Watertown near the entrance to Pearl Harbor. It has coast defense guns and large mortars and several companies of coast artillery. It may be reached by carriage road or by taking the train to Puuloa and thence a carriage.. See "Pearl Harbor." T 3E E Af ab I O A1 Gr UC 13 I3 D ~ E 1 '~ AX. II ':B 0 1i"~, ~.o'~ 6 0::iC 0 S..,.!I gi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.., ~I~ ~~ii~S E~ F"Z~a~6~ ~~~(_ 158 THE ALOHA GUIDE Fort Shafter is at Kahauiki at the terminus of the Kalihi carline, three miles from town. Here are stationed infantry, engineer and signal corps and the department hospital. There are drills daily, except Sunday, from 7:30 to 11 a. m. and a dress parade Fridays at 5:30. Fort Armstrong near the mouth of the harbor is a subpost of Fort De Russy. It is located near Pier 1, 1/4 mile from the terminus of the Punahou and Fort Street carline, and has a mine control station. Camp Very is a marine camp not far from the terminus of the Punahou and Fort Street carline. Fort De Russy is at Waikiki, 4 miles from town, and about 1/4 mile from the Waikiki carline. Here are stationed several companies of coast defense artillery. Fourteen-inch guns are set up here. A military radio-telegraphic station is also maintained. Fort Ruger is situated behind Diamond Head, 6 miles from.town and about a mile from the terminus of the Waialae carline. It has coast defense guns and large mortars and several companies of coast artillery. Tunnels, stairways and ladders and range stations honeycomb the mountain. American citizens may secure passes to inspect certain portions of the batteries and to pass through the main tunnel into the bowl of the dead crater. PLACES OF WORSHIP. All services in the churches are held at 11 Sunday morning and 7:30 Sunday evening unless otherwise specified. Visitors are always welcome to all of the services. The following list does not pretend to exhaustiveness but represents the more important places of worship. Kawaiahao Church. This is the oldest and the historic church of Honolulu. It is located at the corner of King and Punchbowl Streets diagonally across from the Public Library. It is a structure 144 by 78 feet built of coral blocks cut from the reefs before Honolulu, having had its origin in a movement by King Kamehameha III and his chiefs in 1836 to have a place of worship, he contributing $3,000 towards its TH Al OHL 0 A G JIDE 159!~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i____________________ 9f T H E ALO HA GUIDE estimated cost of $20,000. It seats 1000 people. The active male members of the congregation, organized into five companies worked at its erection. Its corner stone was laid June 8, 1836 and it was dedicated July 21, 1842. The services are in Hawaiian, Reverend H. H. Parker, the American pastor, having celebrated the fiftieth year of his pastorate in 1913. In the cemetery within the bounds of the church grounds is the mausoleum in which is the body of King Lunalilo who reigned from 1873-4 and of his father, Kanaina, this king expressing his wish that he be laid among his people rather than in the Royal mausoleum in Nuuanu Valley. Sunday school 10. Prayer meeting Wednesday 7:30. Kaumakapili Church was founded in 1838. It is located at Palama at the corner of King Street and Insane Asylum Road where it has a new edifice built in 1910 and dedicated in June, 1911. It seats 700 people. The congregation is chiefly Hawaiian and all services excepting that on the morning of the fourth Sunday and that on the evening of the second Sunday, which are in English, are in Hawaiian. The original church building, which was located on Beretania Street at the head of Smith Street was destroyed in the great fire of 1900. Rev. H. K. Poepoe is pastor. Sunday school at 10 a. m., Christian Endeavor at 6:30; Wednesday prayer meetings 7:30. The Roman Catholic Cathedral on Fort near Beretania is the next oldest church in Honolulu. It is a structure 147 by 50 feet and is also built of coral blocks, plastered both within and without. It seats 1500 people. Ground for this church was broken July 6, 1840 and the opening services and blessing had August 15, 1843. The congregation of this church is the most cosmopolitan of any in the city. Sunday services: 6, 7, 9 and 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Low mass daily 6 and 7 a. m. High mass Sunday and Saints' days 10:30 a. m. Rt. Rev. Libert Boeynaems, Bishop of Zeugma. Just mauka of the entrance will be seen the first algeroba tree planted in the islands. The Church of the Sacred Hearts (Catholic) is on Wilder Avenue near Punahou Street. Rev. Father Stephen, pastor' Mass Sunday at 7:30. This church was dedicated in 1914. THE ALOHA GUIDE 161 St. Augustine Chapel (Catholic) is opposite the Moana Hotel at Waikiki. Rev. Father Valentine, pastor. There is a Mass Sunday at 7:30. The Central Union Church at the corner of Beretania and Richards, is the most imposing church structure in the city. It is built of island blue lava stone and has a tall corner spire. It cost $127,500 and was dedicated December 4, 1892. It seats 850 people. This church was formed by the amalgamation of the Bethel Church founded in 1833 and of the Fort Street Church founded in 1852. It is undenominational, although its services tend to the congregational. This church maintains several foreign missionaries in Micronesia and in China and the Palama Settlement. Rev. Doremus Scudder, D.D., pastor; A. A. Ebersole, assistant pastor. Sunday school at 9:50. Christian Endeavor 6:30. Prayer meeting, Wednesday 7:30 p. m. The Palama Chapel is at Palama at the foot of Liliha Street. Sunday School at 9:30 a. m.-no morning service. Gospel service 7:30 p. m. The Kalihi Union Church is at Kalihi on King Street near Kamehameha IV Road. Rev. H. W. Chamberlain, minister. Bible school 9:30. Morning service 11:15. Christian Endeavor Wednesday 7:30. St. Andrew's Cathedral (Episcopal) situated on Emma Street near Beretania was established in 1862. It has a handsome buff sandstone edifice costing $96,000. It seats 800 people. This church was until April 1, 1902, under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, England, but at that lime was transferred to the supervision of the Episcopal body of the U. S. Holy Communion 7 a. m. Sunday School 9:45. Weekday services: daily at 8:45 a. m. and 5:30 p. m. Thursday, Holy Communion at 7 a. m. Cathedral clergy: Right reverend Henry B. Restarick, Bishop of Honolulu, and Rev. (anon Ault. St. Peter's, in the same premises is a Chinese affiliated: )ngregation. 162 THEALOHA GUIDE St. Clement's Chapel (Episcopal), corner Makiki Street and Wilder Avenue. Rev. Canon John Usborne, rector. Holy Communion every Sunday except first Sunday of the month. Evening service is choral. St. Elizabeth's Church (Episcopal) located at Palama at the corner of King and Pua Streets, is a Chinese church and settlement project affiliated with St. Andrew's. Rev. Canon W. E. Potwine. Holy Communion 7 a. m. on second, fourth and fifth Sundays, and 11 a. m. on first and third. Epiphany Mission (Episcopal) is at the corner of 10th Avenue and Palolo, Kaimuki. Sunday school 10 a. m.; Korean services 9:30 a. m. and 8:15 p. m. Rev. F. A. Saylor, priest. St. Mark's Mission (Episcopal) is on Kapahulu Road. Sunday School 10 a. m. Rev. Leopold Kroll. Holy Communion first Sunday of each month. The Methodist Episcopal Church at the corner of Beretania and Victoria is housed in a $35,000 structure dedicated in 1911. It is in the California "Mission" style of architecture, cement stuccoed. Sunday School 9:45 a. m., Epworth League 6:30. Pastor, Rev. Edwin E. Brace. The parsonage adjoins the church, 1020 Beretania Street. The Methodist Church is very active in mission, evangelical and educational work among the Japanese, Koreans and Filipinos. The Christian Church dates from 1894. The new church building, situated on Kewalo Street between Lunalilo Street and Wilder Avenue, is an airy attractive frame shingled structure in the bungalow style, 110 by 160 feet in size. It was completed in March, 1915, at a cost of $27,000, including fixtures. The minister is Rev. David C. Peters. Bible school 9:45, Christian Endeavor 6:30. The Portuguese Evangelical Church (Protestant) dates from 1892 and has services in the Portuguese language, under the auspices of the Hawaiian Board. The corner stone was laid July 9, 1896. It is located at the angle of Punchbowl aid Miller Streets. Rev. A. V. Soares, pastor. TH E ALOHA GUIDE 163 The German Lutheran Church, located on Beretania Street between Miller and Punchbowl, was dedicated June 2, 1901. It occupies a neat wood frame stuccoed building, and has services in the German language. It also maintains classes in German. Sunday school at 9:45. Morning services at 11 and evening service only the last Sunday of each month at 7:30. Pastor, Emil Engelhardt. The Chinese Christian Church on Fort Street just above Beretania may be said to be the offspring of the old Bethel and the ministrations of Rev. S. C. Damon, dating from 1880, its progress long fostered by F. W. Damon as acting pastor. It is under the auspices of the Hawaiian Board. Services are in the Chinese language. Services 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday 7:30. Acting pastor, Tse Kei Yuen. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is located at 104 Luso Street beyond School. The congregation is principally Hawaiian. Services: 11:45 to 1 and 7:30 p. m. Sunday school 10 a. m. The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is on King Street near Kapiolani. Minister, Gilbert J. Waller. Sunday school 9:45. The Seventh Day Adventists meet at 767 Kinau Street. Services Saturday at 11 a. m. and Sunday at 7:30 p. m. Sabbath School at 10. Services Wednesday at 7:30. Pastor F. H. Conway. First Church of Christ, Scientist, meets in Odd Fellow's Hall on Fort Street one door above King Street. Sunday school 9:45, lesson sermon 11 a. m. Testimonial meeting, Wednesdays 8 p. m. A public reading room open daily from 10 to 3, is also maintained there. The Theosophical Society, Honolulu branch meets in the Kilohana Art League Hall at the corner of Beretania and Miller Streets every Wednesday evening at 7:30. The Salvation Army has its hall at the corner of Nuuanu and King Streets. The Other Islands The traveler to the islands should not confine himself to Oahu, for while this island has much to interest the visitor, the other islands also have a great deal, in fact, the two great attractions for which the islands are most noted, the two natural phenomena to which the superlative degree is justly applied, the greatest active volcano and the greatest extinct crater in the world, are not on the island of Oahu, the former being on Hawaii and the latter on Maui. And having gone so far as to visit the islands these two phenomena certainly ought not to be ignored. They are both emphatically worth while. Inter-island travel is rendered convenient by the small but comfortable steamers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., whose offices are on Queen Street near Fort. We shall briefly consider the more important points of interest on the islands of Hawaii, Maui and Kauai. The only islands of the group in addition to these that are inhabited are Molokai, Niihau, Lanai, Midway and Kahoolawe, which by the census of 1910 had populations respectively of 1,791, 208, 131, 35 and 2. None of these islands are likely to be of interest to visitors. Molokai affords deer hunting; Niihau is a cattle and sheep ranch and Lanai likewise; Midway Island, 1300 miles from Honolulu, is the relay station of the Pacific Commercial Cable Co., and the inhabitants are cable employees; Kahoolawe, 13 by 7 miles at its most extended points, lies south of Maui. All the uninhabited'islets of the group are rich in bird life, and constitute U. S. bird reservations. Laysan was for many years worked for its guano deposits. On the island of Hawaii, which will first be considered, the reader is referred to the accompanying map of the island, which will detail some things of interest which are not set out in the reading matter. H. W. Kinney has written a guide book on the island of Hawaii which may be had at all bookstores at fifty cents and which covers the island in more detail than is done here. HAWAII, the largest island, gives its name to the group. It has an area of 4,015 square miles, or about the same area as the state of Connecticut, and contains the three high peaks, Mauna Kea 13,825, Mauna Loa 13,675, and Hualalai 8,275 feet high, the first two covered with snow much of the year. By the census of 1910 Hawaii had a population of 55,382. Hawaii has the two greatest active volcanoes in the world, Mokuaweoweo, the summit crater of Mauna Loa, 13,675 feet above sea level, and Kilauea, on the eastern slope of Mauna Loa, 4000 feet high. Although only 21 miles apart these two volcanoes are of different types. Kilauea is the only volcano which has, as a regular feature, a molten lake of boiling lava. It is more constantly active and is more behaved than Mokuaweoweo, which, when active, is more violently so, throwing up jets and fountains from 100 to 700 feet in height and sending forth gigantic flows, 12 since 1832, these sometimes breaking through the mountain side. On the basis of eruptions per century and volume of outpouring lavas Professor Mercalli, the distinguished director of the Royal Vesuvian Observatory, calls Mokuaweoweo "il volcano piu attivo del globo"-the most active volcano' on the globe, while Messrs. Jaggar and Perret, who have made extended studies of the two volcanoes arrive at the conclusion that Kilauea is the older and not the younger of the two. Since 1868 the interval between the eruptions of Mokuaweoweo has varied between three and eight years. The crater of Mokuaweoweo has but a slightly smaller area than Kilauea. The dimensions of Mokuaweoweo are: Area 3.7 square miles or 2,370 acres; circumference 9.47 miles; length 3.7 miles; width 1.74. The dimensions of Kilauea are: Area 4.14 square miles or 2,650 acres, circumference 7.85 miles; length 2.93 miles; width 1.95 miles, THE CRATER OF KILAUEA is a great pit or sink 400 feet below the lava plain or plateau around it. When first seen by white men in 1823 the walls of this pit were 900 feet high, but If IIP 1 0E HL )AQ C I HE1 I I"""~~~~~~~~~~~~ THEALOHA GUID E 167 the main crater has since then filled up to the extent of 500 feet. This pit has ragged precipitous sides and a massive floor of black adamantine lava covered with chasms, caves and other phenomena. Within this sink and near the southeastern end of it is a smaller pit, about 1000 feet in diameter, which is the active crater, known as Halemaumau-house of everlasting fire. This may be reached either by the three mile horse trail or by the seven mile automobile road. The trail begins at the Volcano House, where it descends into the outer crater of Kilauea and then passes through this, ending at the brim of Halemaumau near the volcano observation station of Prof. T. A. Jaggar, Jr., who, jointly commissioned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Territory has, for a number of years past recorded scientific data here. This trail is well marked by "ducks" and after crossing a great chasm over a bridge leads by Pele's bathroom, the Picture Frame, the Devil's Kitchen where postal cards are toasted over the heat emitting crevices, and other interesting freak volcanic formations. At the back of the observation station is a cave, a great bubble in the ground into which one may descend by a ladder and add one's card to the thousands already on the walls. Near the crater's brink one may also gather Pele's hair, fine wisps of brown lava blown by the winds into the rugged niches and crevices of the lava. And it may here be mentioned that lava is classified into two kinds, called a-a and pahoehoe, the former being very porous, jagged and brittle while the latter is smooth and solid. Both varieties are found at Halemaumau. The automobile road leads through the beautiful forest to within a few hundred feet of the brink, and makes it accessible to all. It passes the craters of Kilauea-iki, Keanakakoi and the Twin Craters. A trail leads around Halemaumau, while two rest houses at the brink provide shelter from the cold and the rain, and the visitor will do well always to be prepared for both. Incidentally he should also have a lantern, procurable at the hotel, if he expects to tramp back after dark. And the volcano should be seen both by daylight and after nightfall, it being a good plan to arrive at the crater in the after 168 THEALOHA GUIDE noon and remain until after dusk. Guides, if desired, can be had at the Volcano Ho —se. Standing at the brink of Halemaumau one looks down hundreds of.feet, although this distance varies, into the immense cauldron, covering 15 or 20 acres and near the center observes the greatest activity-observes the roaring, seething, turbulent, sputtering mass of boiling lava, splashing forth at intervals in bursting bubbles and mighty fountains, among them "old faithful" the largest; observes fiery cracks, creeping like lightning, from the center through the surrounding cooler lava mass, some of them to the very sides of the crater; observes the entire floor suddenly collapse and an ocean of billowy, foamy, fiery lava cover it, or sees a detached lava island, kept afloat oftentimes fcr months, by the imprisoned air contained within it, hover too near the fountains' play and become quickly overwhelmed; observes these and other processes,-cascades, whirlpools and rapids, —repeated again and again. The spectacle when the vJlcano is at the state of its greatest activity is tremendous, awe-compelling, and even at its ebb cannot fail to inspire one with the magnitude of nature's forces, yet here, as elsewhere, preconceptions of visitors may sometimes foredoom one to disappointment. The temperature of the molten lava has been found to be 1750 degrees Farenheit. FROM HONOLULU TO KILAUEA either one of two routes may be taken, one by way of Hilo, which is 30 miles from the volcano, the other by way of the port of Honuapo, which is 45 miles away. The single first-class fare from Honolulu to Hilo or vice versa (192 miles by direct route, 230 by way of Kawaihae) on the Inter-Island steamers is $10 and $12.50. Passengers to Honolulu on the Matson steamers may travel to and from Hilo on a Matson boat for $10 each way if thev exercise this privilege within a month after arrival in the islands, the fare otherwise being $17.50. The Inter-Islan( Steam Navigation Company offers a number of combinatioln trips covering everything, including conveyance and hotels, which, because of the reduced rates and the freedom fromn care which they induce, are recommended. They all include one automobile trip from the Volcano House to the crater. jxS @s > >g,+ 'R0g,''9g jB 1'5 <11gg1WWi5 25 t, ' ' ' g. 2, X E m 5 m 5 W E.. f f R \j ' ' 9 'xx, j2C xCj5 ffi z ll 5 * 1 _ ffi i I i1 I I 1 I I | X I I 1 1 X _ _ S _ * _ _11 | I l I I 1 I I I 4111;11111 I I: 11 -V| i l X 15 I ll|_|; I | S _l * l l 11 I _!|_a * i_ | l | l_1 - IlliE l_ _ 1 X I | I l l - _ | l l l l l | __ _ | l l l l l | _ _ | l | l l l | _ _ | l S I I S _ - _ | l l l l l | - * - | l l l | l | - - | l l l l l | - - | l l l l l | - - | l l l l l | _l | I l I I I | i HAL~MAUMAUs KLAUEA VoLth"o THE ALOHA GUIDE They vary from a 21/2 days' trip (11/4 days at the Volcano House) at $32.10 to a 131/2 days' trip at $74.10. We have not the space to detail all these trips here, but the company will gladly furnish all required information. The visitor going by way of Hilo may leave Honolulu either Saturday at 3 p. m. or Wednesday at 10 a. m., and remain the length of time at Hilo and the Volcano House that he may choose, the earliest possible return arrival in Honolulu being the following Tuesday or Saturday at 8 a. m. Of these two short trips, the one beginning Saturday is to be preferred because of the greater amount of time it allows at the Volcano. On this trip Hilo is reached 7:30 a. m. Sunday and the Volcano House by noon. It will be noted that the traveller may go from Hilo to the Volcano House either by rail or by automobile. If the latter method be adopted a short side-trip to Rainbow Falls is included. The railway runs only as far as Glenwood, 23 miles, taking 11/2 hours, and one continues thence by auto stage to the Volcano. At Olaa Plantation, nine miles from Hilo, a branch railway runs as far as Kapoho past Pahoa through a tropical jungle, and one may take this side trip at $1 each way. By automobile one may also deviate at this point and for $6 additional, provided there be three passengers to take the trip, proceed to Kapoho, 32 miles from Hilo, near which are the "Hot Springs" in an immense lava basin, and Green Lake, a pretty emerald pond in a lava cone, surrounded by rank tropical vegetation, returning by way of Pohoiki on the coast, the scenery along the entire route being most beautiful. Resuming the volcano trip from Olaa one passes through stretches of forest and tropical jungle, mazes of ferns of numerous varieties among which the gigantic tree fern is prominent, patches of coffee and simple homesteads. The Crater Hotel is six miles from Glenwood. The approach to the Volcano House is suddenly signalled after the bend in the road by steam issuing from numerous cracks in the earth. The trip to the Volcano is entrancing, the tropical verdure along the road being most beautiful. It is a trip one will not soon forget and one that one will always look back upon with much satisfaction. The tickets provide for accommodatior at the Volcano House, but arrangements may be made to re THE ALOH A GUIDE 171 TlHE VOLCANO ROAD. main at the Iilo Hotel part of the time without extra charge, To get the greatest possible variation in scenery the travei b ler may Ese the alttoobile one way, preferably going, and return by rail. Atter lunch at the Volcano House the trip to thec crater is usually taken. The start back to Hlo is made n Monday after lunch and the return boat caught at 4 p. in. THE HONUAPO ROUTE, that is, going by Way of t11ona it, is strongly recomended because it gives one tile opportunity to see a great poriot of the island of iHawaii bsildes tailua, the Captain Cootk monumentttt and Kealakekua hBay, all of historical interest. The shortest possible time in which the trip can be uade by way of Honuao, returning by Hit, is 3% days, t a cost of $77 Leaving Honolulu at ason on alternate Tuesdays and Fridays, Friday preferred, because it gives more time at the Volcano, thle steamer passes along the placid Kona or western coast of Hawaii, nmakittg stops at various pors of Maui and Hawaii. At ailua (q.i vN, a sleepy village of historical interest, which is reached before sunrise, passengers may make arrangemenes to ride by ear inae or automobile at an approximate additional cot of $2,50 throuh the beautiftl Kona uplands, abounding Itn N oee, 172 THE ALOHA GUIDE sugar-cane, tobacco, sisal and tropical fruit, to Napoopoo, 18 miles distant, and there board the steamer in the afternoon before dinner time. Across the bay (Kealakekua Bay) from Napoopoo at Kaawaloa, is the monument to Captain Cook. For 50 cents a person may be paddled across in a dug-out outrigger canoe by stalwart Hawaiians and may there have the spot where the British navigator was killed pointed out to him and possibly hear the story of the historic fight from the lips of the progeny of some of the natives who took part in it. Early the next morning Honuapo is reached and an automobile taken for the Volcano House, which is reached about noon. The ticket also includes one automobile trip to the crater. The next day the return may be made to Hilo and the steamer taken, arriving in Honolulu again Tuesday at 8 a. m., or if the start was made on a Tuesday, Saturday at 8 a. m. HOTELS NEAR KILAUEA: The Volcano House, at the north edge of the Kilauea crater is the pioneer hotel. It sets an excellent table. Among its treasures are many hotel registers in which are recorded the impressions of the writers, these being most interesting and valuable, as they contain the autographs of many persons of note. Rates: $5 per day, $24.50 per week-cottages extra. The Crater Hotel is on the road from Hilo, one mile below the Volcano House. It provides comfortable quarters. Rates: $3.50 per day, $20 per week, cheaper rates by the month. POINTS OF INTEREST in the vicinity of Kilauea are numerous and a week or more might profitably be spent in this interesting and invigorating region. An effort is being made to have the region set aside as a national park. This park would comprise 56,315 acres and include the two volcanoes of Mokuaweoweo and Kilauea besides the many craters and other phenomena which exist. Half of this area is already Territorial property. The Sulphur Banks are not many steps northwest of the Volcano House. The sulphur fumes issuing through crevices in the ground form scintilating crystaline deposits and coal the red earth with a rich yellow. The hotel has taken advantage of one of these cracks for a sulphur bath. I i i! / -ps CRA'TCR OP fmce Scar/& / Inch c 000 Feee wap caffpik/or /ie IakiraOou /wmo/o CoeCamdie y #^Ef ew ca Ay /a. Jc/S of e hf _ —,- r~c ----i(, I - - - 0 u, gm t0BD a. 4810 Soao a600 T H E A L o H A G U I D S ITrg ~~~~~~ ~~~~ — ~~~~~~~~~~- ~~~~~~ ---1-~~~~~~~~~~~ --- —-~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ r.~." r.F fii....... *.~........ W i. r.r ~. i. 5'. Y<....,. W M, tuj j.5.X a. r. vr r.. *,5, Wir.~. XR.X,, } X 0. /S. ' ir <. rl...1. Sz>lE s 0rrSY ar,,.> g>.,l S..W}.,E.S u a. s.. r ii;x< I EM<1} lV" >~5- '" r, ~., 0)~~l }.r r $g H.r r cl.Ufi l r n...r" 1 j I c -(.. l "~~ I;-,i < D - Sy..2 l~ Y X 't r rS I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ii i1 yj:r,5.fj yj6Yyyrl. | k.......,~;~.S-gby:y.j l.y1r5 ~>,, ~ g....................: - l | | j yi'. g rM YM~jl y l~l gi... g. I,ry. j.. l:~ la:|i~ _......g '~4~P Y 1 llX'K|9' ''.............., 'sx. l l i * l l~ll W Yjiiiyyy' j'~"; Y tj I I l * I _ _. jj~~~~~~~IA~E'~' r I~~~~~~,~pl" I | I _ S2Eg,~~~~~~~~:~ l ~ ~ 1|a-x r" rY j g Y jj. >. l. rCU...r H S jilj i g gr.Ij 0 j gg,, jj l r jj 0 j j; _ I _, =.~~~~~~~~~~~~i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _-_~li~ ~~I _ i~ _~~~ _ jji 1~g rPPS~ 4~~~b E 174 TH ALOH A GUIDE LAVA CA.ADES. The Volcano Obiseratory iv also near the hotel and con tains a collection of seismographs and other instruments, which the public ay inspect, The Tree Moulds, two miles from the lotel are deep holes inall ancient lava flow. where the forest was overwhelmed and thie lrav, cooling before the trees were harut out, shows a faithfnl impress of them. Tree Ferns, of giant size abound in this regio. Back of the hotel is a magnlficent forest of tree ferns and mlch other luxuriant vegetation. Koa Forests are also found here, the Hawaiian Lumber Companlfy's mills being a few miles away. Kiltauea-lkl, 1% miles from the Volcano House, can bhe reaeh ed in l30 mlnoes by a picturesque footpath or by the carriagi road. From the Crater Hotel there is a shot cot, taking five ninutes. The sides of the crater are covered with shrubbery One may descend Into it by a steep trail and then tramt across the had lava floor, 800 feet below the rim Its diM meter IS about half a mile, THE ALO HA GUIDE 175 This Entire Region is one of numerous craters in which once played the volcanic fires. A most interesting day's excursion may be taken along the Cockett trail which branches off to the left, from the crater carriage road at a point five miles from its start, marked by a sign post. This pretty trail leads from crater to crater, covering in a well defined way, a chain of six, stretched at intervals of about a mile or so, the first one within a half a mile of the start of the trail. Thereafter the trail becomes more obscure and a guide familiar with the ground is almost necessary. Makaopuhi (Eel's Eye) crater, about eleven miles from the Volcano House, is the most important of these minor craters. Says Mr. L. A. Thurston of it: "It is a well-like sink, with precipitous walls 1500 feet high, and only a mile in diameter. Half of its floor is as level as a skating rink and is covered by tropic vegetation, its bank fringed with forest trees and tree ferns. The other half is a chaotic mass of boulders and lava debris, riven with steam cracks, and a brilliant yellow sulphur bank in process of formation at the bottom. The two halves are separated by cliffs 200 feet high, the most typical basalt formation that I have ever seen in the islands. In 1840 a lava flow shot up from the hill beside the pit only a few hundred yards distant, and flowed down through the woods on the surrounding country, forming one of the finest 'lava trees' in existence. Altogether, Makaopuhi and its surroundings form one of the most spectacular sights in Hawaii, and one of the most remarkable volcanic craters to be found anywhere." It is eight miles from the main crater of Kilauea. With a guide it is possible to proceed beyond Makaopuhi and meet the roads leading to Kalapana at the east and Keauhou at the west, encountering more craters and natural phenomena. THE SUMMITS of the three great Hawaii peaks can be reached on horseback, although they are rough trips. Mauna Loa may be ascended from Pahala, Kau, where arrangements can be made with Mr. Monserratt, manager of the plantation. The trail leads up the shoulder of the mountain over desolate rough lava flows. The ascent requires a full day, the night THEALOHAGUIDE being spent on the brink of the crater of Mokuaweoweo and the return made the next day. Provision should be made for cold weather. The ascent can also be begun at Napoopoo, where arrangements can be made with Mr. John Gaspar. This trip requires three days but has the advantage of finer views. The Mauna Kea ascent may be begun from the Parker Ranch at Waimea, it being possible to go up and return in one long day. The summit is a platform five miles long and two miles wide, upon which are huge cinder cones and a snowfed lake. Here also is an ancient stone quarry the natives used to make stone adzes and weapons. Both these mountains may be reached from other points of Hawaii. The Volcano Stables at Hilo can give information. HILO, with a population of 7,000, is the largest town on Hawaii and the second in a size and importance in the islands. It is situated on Hilo Bay, an indentation on the eastern coast of the island. A breakwater, being built here by the Federal government, will add considerably to the harbor facilities. Hilo is usually visited in connection with the Volcano and a stop made here. HOTELS: The Hilo Hotel, with a main building and cottages connected by long verandas, is the leading hotel. Excursion tickets for the Volcano trip may be used at this hotel. Rates: $5, $28 per week, $75 per month and upward. The Demosthenes Hotel is on Waianuenue street. Rates: $3, $17.50 per week, $50 per month. Mrs. Weight's is on School Street. Rates: $2.50, $40 per month. Mrs. Andrew's is on Waianuenue Street. Rates: $2.50, reductions for longer stays. The following provide lodgings only: The Burns, Waianuenue and Bridge-75c. to $1.50 per night; $4 to $6 per week; $12 to $20 per month. The Office Block (Lucas), Pitman and King-$1.50 per night; $7 to $10 per week; $12 to $20 per month. The Rainbow, Waianuenue Street, 50c. per night; $3 per week; $7 to $10 per month. The Bradshaw, Pitman Street —$1 per night; $3 per week (Map by courtesy -of the RHio Board of Trade.) TPBIE OF b1IoTA{CE* OVERZP~ID 70 0/... V,ku o/7'o 3/0 4"oho 3/ 430 0,,. 31 71 V R,.k s 5440 K, - h Z03 /6,,!/Ya/, _ 666 Ho i /5 4-4. A.54 Ro'.4 74/ IO /7,K.87 877 / 54o., I0.0. /02.3 /b7.4.4962.2/ Ho4., /04/7.as.,. 246 Kk-o4. 352 W 2oJ.A0254 3 72 /325 K./qbw 407 4 /4~.... /37.0 /., 3,.Al.-tb- /067_ KW6.k.W. 5z 4 F ~ ~ ~ ~ S 0 U 7 IT~ 0.0 /2.0 POICV4OIIA.L T-MIN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M j44' X 4,.,.' /it4 AhL~90 & 44~ 45542/ 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~o ~ ~ ~ Uh LjII /~~~~~~x I0.II TPBEE 0 DITAgT 'tES 1ff SE RICES K 0 N A #roFo/ / 5././~A23 70A 405k42 /2. ~yo20. oo ~.o/P,i, 40/ssk /7 1,*..#, 50. li-.40410 0 4445 40 A14A 44 A~4.h- 5 Y.o h. /3d2. 44.44 *544 /44fF' 2. P" 0.44 r 5'20. M-1-14-4;/447 770S -A H A'ZVA9II 7444 JiRE~~ OF $~lI~flhI / a~~4Douqto1cK O _____ ulsenHotelsa*dPeet~fic 4o~s.~vare1Vl. EIV~lW4300. Ato~o~s~acdan-,~iScale-In ',les dna.HiUO ~8.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W 5-~~~~w~x.~0-e 2554V /2220~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Idctigak 4 0 THE ALOHA GUIDE 177 POINTS OF INTEREST IN AND ABOUT HILO. COCOANUT ISLAND is that islet at the waterfront covered with cocoanut and lauhala trees. It is a splendid bathing place. Launches take one to the island at 25 cents for the round trip. MOOHEAU PARK, on the beach, is passed on the way from the wharf. It is a public playground and has a bandstand where concerts are given semi-weekly. THE HILO BOARDING SCHOOL, founded in 1836, is an industrial school on School Street, and is chiefly interesting as being the model after which Gen. Samuel C. Armstrong patterned Hampton Institute in Virginia. Hawaiian handicraft work is on sale here. MAKE FALLS can be seen from the Pitman Street bridge. RAINBOW FALLS, 11/ miles north of the postoffice, leap from out of a mass of tropical vegetation a distance of 80 feet into a dark cave pool, rushing thence in foam and spray between high rocky walls to the sea. The land hereabouts has been set aside as a park. THE BOILING POTS, a series of falls, so called because the water passes underground from one pool to another and bubbles forth to resemble a boiling cauldron of water, are beyond Rainbow Falls, 2.7 miles from Hilo. THE KAUMANA CAVES, 4 miles back from Hilo, are a series of subterranean passages under the lava flow of 1880. They contain interesting stalactites and lava formations. LOKOAKA, 4 miles from the postoffice, is reached by a road along the beach through some beautiful country. Here there is a fine bay with an island and a pretty lagoon and extensive fish ponds. EXCURSIONS up the Wailuku River, the largest on Hawaii, and along the coast are interesting. Launches can be had from Reinhardt for parties of from one to ten for $2.50 per hour, larger parties $3.50. From Osorio, launches for bay trips may be had for $1.50 per person per hour. THE HILO RAILROAD HAMAKUA DIVISION extends from Hilo northward as far as Paauilo, 34 miles, and a more picturesque railway trip a person cannot take. The road skirts the coast, crosses great ravines and gulches, passes through 178 T H E AL OHA G U ID E extensive cane and coffee plantations, and gives exquisite glimpses at numerous points of ocean, mountain and wild tropical vegetation ONOMEA is six miles out, or a 22 inutes' ride. This is a typically Hawaiian village sunh as one does not often see today, with grans huts, taro patches, canoes, cocoanut, mango and breadfruit trees. ONOMEA ARCH nearby, is a natural arch near the end of a densely vegetated mountain cliff projecting into the ocean. LAUPAHOEHOE, (lava leaft 22,6 miles from Hilo by rail, is an old setleme nvolved considerable folkor. It is at the mouth of a deep gulch and upon a spit of land projeting into the ocean and has the only other regular steamer landing on the eastern coast of Hawaii besides Hilo. Lodglig may be had for $1 or $10 per month, and meals at a Chinese restaurant for 50c., dinner $1, or $1.50 per day for PAAUILO, 24 miles by rail, is the terminus of the railroad, n a very ptty t This i a ston of ex sive cff T H E h L o H: A G U I D E tTS t; 32;. a,.<.,'............ /' '0' ', 'fi' 0 5 0 0 > ' @' 1 j X 4,vj j 20............ jm jg........... 2X. 1.. ji....,*S. eC, W X,. SM.......................,.,.S.. S j-,,. g gj MX, X.j,,.,........... Xg, '>ig.X1 5