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THE


ILIAD OF HOMER
BOOKS I-VI:"
WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES
BY


ROBERT


P. KEEP


Boiston
JOHN ALLYN, PUBLISHER
1883




4
v


Copyright, 1883,
BY JOHN ALLYN.
UNIVERSITY PRESS:
JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.




72 7fev/4- Ac
PREFACE.
THE germ, but only the germ, of the present volume, is
Arthur Sidgwick's Iliad, Books I. and II. (Rivingtons: London,
I877). In 1879, at the request of Mr. John Allyn, and by
arrangement with Mr. Sidgwick, the present editor enlarged
Mr. Sidgwick's little book by the addition of Book III., text
and notes, and made such changes in the notes of the English
editor as seemed for the advantage of scholars in American
schools.  The book which thus resulted was received with
favor from the first, and has met with an increasing demand.
Several prominent teachers, in secondary schools and in colleges, have expressed the wish that it might be still further
enlarged so as to include the first six books of the Iliad, and
the editor has not felt at liberty to disregard a request which
was in accordance with his own views of what is desirable.
A school edition of Homer should contain, in addition to the
bare amount sufficient to satisfy the ordinary requisition for
admission to college, abundant matter for practice in rapid
reading and in reading at sight. It is also for the advantage
of teachers to be able to vary somewhat the work of their
classes, from year to year.  The editor has deemed it best
to assume the entire responsibility for the present volume,
and he has accordingly wholly rewritten the Notes upon
Books I. and II.
A few words seem called for in reference to the somewhat
varied introductory matter which precedes the text.




iv


PREFACE.


The object of the Introduction is to open the way to the
study of Homer, by giving the student some idea of Epic
Poetry, in general, and information upon the origin, history,
and transmission of the Homeric poems, in particular.  A
sufficient account of Homeric criticism is also given to enable the reader to enter intelligently into the discussion which
is wont to arise among educated men when the name Homer is mentioned.
The Essay on Scanning has been inserted on account of
the difficulty which the writer has observed that his own
pupils have always found in learning to scan well.  The
dactylic hexameter is not usually treated in our Greek grammars as a distinct subject by itself, but boys are ordinarily
left to depend entirely upon the metrical knowledge which
they have acquired in connection with their study of Vergil.
The Homeric hexameter can never be well understood by
this process, and it is believed that no teacher of experience will refuse his attention to the attempt here made to
present the subject of scanning by itself, in a simple, untechnical way.
The Sketch of the Peculiarities of the Homeric Dialect was
originally prepared for the American edition of Autenrieth's
Homeric Dictionary, and it is inserted here by the kind permission of Messrs. Harper & Brothers.  It is translated and
condensed from the first Appendix of Koch's Griechische Grammatik. The project was seriously considered of expanding
this sketch so that it should include a summary of the peculiarities of Homeric Syntax, and particularly of the uses of
the Moods in Homer, but was at length abandoned on account
of the belief that these peculiarities are best explained and
easiest understood as they are met with in their connection.
This is especially the case with the Moods, which show an elasticity of usage quite different from that of the Attic dialect,
and not easily exhibited in a brief outline.




PREFACE.


V


In the judgment of the editor, the thorough acquisition by the
pupil of all the introductory matter just referred to - Introduction, Essay on Scanning, Sketch of Dialect (excepting
perhaps the latter sections) -should be insisted upon. The
Table of Contents furnishes a full summary of this matter, and
may suggest questions for examination upon it.
The text is substantially that of La Roche, I877. The only
important variations are that the forms of the article o, a, ot,
at, are printed as in prose, (instead of o',, o, a',) and that the
dat. sing. VT, 'therefore,' is printed with a subscript L (instead of
TO). A fuller punctuation than that of La Roche, and a more
frequent use of the diaeresis, will also be noticed, especially
in Books I. and II., where Sidgwick's edition is followed.
The notes have been made quite full, but they are designed
not so much to aid in translation as to supply that collateral
information which is so much needed in the study of Homer.
A constant attempt will be noticed, by very frequent crossreferences, to make Homer his own interpreter. The sources
from which the editor has chiefly drawn in the preparation of
the notes will be seen by reference to the List on p. 5 7.
It is emphatically true of this edition that it is an outgrowth
of the editor's experience of the needs of the class-room.
What would be the direction of his aim and effort in the teaching of Homer will sufficiently appear as the notes are read, but
a suggestion or two may not be out of place. Respecting the
style of translation, the rule he would follow is contained in two
words: "Be Homeric."     Imitate in general, with scrupulous
care, the order of words and the constructions of the original
as far as our language permits.  The cases are few in which
it is impossible to translate a passage with literal fidelity and,
at the same time, into idiomatic English. The ideal method
in teaching is one which combines variety with thoroughness,
and emphasizes different matters at successive stages in the
pupil's progress.  At the outset, while the lessons are very




vi


PREFACE.


short (the editor usually devotes fifteen lessons to the first
150 lines of the Iliad), it is of course indispensable to go over,
with minutest care, translation, scanning, comparison of every
Homeric form with the corresponding form in the Attic dialect and all those points respecting inflection and syntax
which naturally suggest themselves.  But when the pupil has
acquired some familiarity with the dialect and begins to translate twenty lines at each lesson, it will no longer be possible
to proceed with such minuteness; and the scholar's interest
in Homer will be heightened if, without tolerating superficial preparation in any particular, the teacher is able to bring
some one point into prominence at each lesson. On one day,
for example, etymologies and the composition of words may
come to the foreground; on another, the use of moods, running back perhaps through a hundred lines; on a third, metrical peculiarities; on a fourth, words may be examined which
illustrate Grimm's law of the interchange of mutes; on a fifth,
a metrical (hexameter) version of a part of the advance lesson
may be required; on a sixth, an essay may be assigned on
some point of custom or morals suggested by the lesson. It is
indeed surprising how much grammar, philology, literature, folklore, religion may be taught in natural connection with the Homeric poems. They are like the great ocean, E$ ovrrep 7ravres
rroTaLLot KaLL 7raWa OdaLaTcraa, 1i 196.
Without further words the editor commits to teachers and
to students this book, which has occupied much of his time
and thoughts for several years.  He asks, from all who may
use it, correction of any errors that may be discovered, and
questions or suggestions respecting any points which may
seem to need further comment.
ROBERT P. KEEP.
EASTHAMPTON, MASS.,
July I3, I883.




CONTENTS.
PAGE
FRONTISPIECE. Fac-simile of a page of Codex Venetus. Text and Scholia.
TITLEPAGE...............
PREFACE................          iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS........                     Vii
INTRODUCTION:
I. Epic Poetry. II. Ancient traditions concerning Homer.
III. Birthplace and early history of the Homeric Poems.
IV. Rhapsodes. V. Place of the Homeric Poems in
Greek Culture.-Civic Editions. VI. Homeric studies
at Alexandria. -Three great Alexandrian critics. -Scholia. VII. Codex Venetus A. VIII. F. A. Wolf's Theory
and its influence. IX. Present aspect of the Homeric
Question. X. Outline of Plot of the Iliad.....      ix
ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE:
I. Structure of the Homeric Hexameter. 2. Metrical accent.
-Arsis and Thesis. 3. Diaeresis and Caesura. 4. Synizesis and Hiatus. 5. Rules of Quantity and Hints for
Scanning. 6. Prerequisites to good Scanning. 7. Specimens of English Hexameters. 8. Translation into English Hexameters............  xxiii
CHIEF PECULIARITIES OF THE HOMERIC DIALECT:
I-8. PHONOLOGY: I. Vowel changes. 2. Concurrent vowels, how treated. 3. Hiatus. 4. Elision. 5. Apocope.
6. Anastrophe. 7. Consonant changes. 8. Digamma.
9-14. DECLENSION: 9. Suffixes having force of caseendings. Io. First Declension. II. Second Declension.
I2. Third Declension.  13. Declension of Adjectives.
14. Declension of Pronouns.   I5-25. CONJUGATION:
I5. Augment and Reduplication.   I6. Endings.  17.
Mood-vowels of subjunctive.  I8. Contract-verbs.  I9.
Formation of Present-stem. 20. Formation of Future




Viii                    o N'T E N T S.
PAGE
and First Aorist active and middle. 21. Formation of
Second Aorist without thematic vowel. 22. Formation
of Perfect and Pluperfect. 23. Passive Aorists. 24.
Verbs in -/z. 25. Iterative Forms......... xxxi
TEXT......................     I
LIST OF BOOKS OF REFERENCE ON HOMER AND THE ILIAD.   157
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...............                    158
NOTES..............        -   1 59
APPENDIX A. Contents of Iliad, I.-VI., distributed with reference
to rapid reading...............   303
APPENDIX B. Explanation of Fac-simile.;.......  305
GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES TO GOODWIN AND HADLEY...       308
INDEXES....................     316




INTRODUCTION.
I. EPIC POETRY.
THE Iliad and the Odyssey are the earliest extant works of
Greek literature, and they are also the best examples of what
are called Epic Poems. They are the survivors of an immense
Epic literature which was produced by Greeks in the period
prior to 700 B. c. Three things may be mentioned as characteristic of Epic poetry: a grand, stirring theme (usually of
heroic adventure), unfolded in a more or less elaborate plot;
an elevated diction, somewhat removed from the language of
common intercourse; a peculiar metrical form. The Greek
designation for epic poems is,a -rrq, lit. 'utterances,' 'sentences.'  The same name was also applied to the responses of
oracles, for the most important oracles, those given from the
shrine at Delphi, were similar to Epic poems, both in diction
and in meter.
Examples may be given of epic poems in other literatures
than the Greek. Thus we have: in Latin, the Aeneid of Vergil; in Italian, Dante's Divina Commedia; in English, Milton's
Paradise Lost.  Of these, only the first is written, like the
Homeric poems, in dactylic hexameter: but in the style and
thought of all, the influence of the great master of epic song
may be traced. The accepted meter for.English epic or heroic,
as for dramatic, poetry is the so-called " heroic verse," -a tensyllabled line containing five feet.  It is, however, proper to
add, that since the hexameter has been seriously attempted by




X


INTRODUCTION.


English poets, and has become naturalized in English poetry,
several poems in this meter have been produced which have
some of the qualities of epics, though they lack length and an
absorbing theme. Such are Kingsley's Andromeda, Clough's
Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, Longfellow's Evangeline.
II. ANCIENT TRADITIONS CONCERNING HOMER.
The Iliad and the Odyssey contain no allusion to their
author; and although Homer has become a household word,
and even a familiar Christian-name, we know nothing of his
personality.  Several ancient "Lives of Homer" exist, which
describe with minuteness various details of the poet's life. Two
of them, according to their titles, were composed by Herodotus
and Plutarch; but it is certain that neither of these great authors
had anything to do with their composition, and their only value
is in showing what was the popular tradition respecting Homer
at or before the commencement of the Christian era. It is a
passage from the Hymn to Apollo  which has given rise to the
legend of the poet's blindness. Many towns in antiquity where
the Homeric poems were especially studied and admired claimed
the honor of being Homer's birth-place, and the names of seven
claimants are preserved in the following epigram: —
'ET7Ta 7r6AEls cp(Idpvavro Tro(pv &Ia SCLcv r'Ojxpov,
s/.tvpva, Xios; KoAo(cp&v, 'I0dcK77, nlAos, 'Apyos, 'AOvYal.
Seven were the towns that laid claim to the gifted root of Homeros,
Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Ithake, Pylos, Argos, Athenae.
The claim of Smyrna was conceded to be the strongest. Next
came that of Chios, where there was a school of bards called
Homeridae, who claimed (as is shown by their name) descent
from Homer, and transmitted the Homeric poems from father
to son.
1 The name " Homeric Hymns " is given to a series of Hymns to the
gods, in style not unlike the Iliad, but as a whole of somewhat later
date.




INTRODUCTION.                        xi
III. BIRTHPLACE      AND   EARLY    HISTORY     OF THE
HOMERIC POEMS.
The Iliad and the Odyssey undoubtedly originated on the
Ionian coast of Asia Minor and in the islands of the Aegean sea.
Here the dialect was developed in which they were composed,
and such indications of locality as can be discovered in the
poems point to this region. Various stories explain how they
were transmitted to Greece proper. Lycurgus (about 776 B. c.)
is said to have brought them to Sparta, where they furnished the
Lacedaemonians with the model for the perfect soldier. But it
was at Athens that the poems received that care to which their
preservation is due.  Here, even before the time of Solon
(600 B.C.), there seems to have grown up the custom of reciting portions of the poems at popular festivals, which recitations Solon appears to have regulated. To Pisistratus, however,
tyrant of Athens (560-527 B. C.), the gratitude of lovers of
Homer is due beyond all others.    He collected, through a
commission of four competent men, the Homeric rhapsodiesl
which were previously sung separately, and united them into the
two poems which bear the names of Iliad and Odyssey.
IV. RHAPSODES, OR RHAPSODISTS.
The singers or reciters of the Homeric poems were called
rhapsodes. The word rhapsode (/'mp)8os) is variously explained.
Some would derive it atr7  ro v 4SEv parra rrq',2 'from  singing
verses fitted (lit. 'sewed') together.' Verses 'sewed together'
might refer to the weaving into songs what had previously
been separate verses, or might have reference to the metrical
1 The word 'rhapsody,' as here used, is not to be understood as identical with the twenty-four divisions or books into which each poem was
subsequently divided by Aristarchus.
2 Another explanation of patwds, perhaps quite as plausible as the
one mentioned above, gives it the sense of ' stitchers of song,' - Crb Tov
oairrEtLv Sas.




Xii


INTRODUCTION.


combination of words in the hexameter.  The term paq()8o
describes 'singers' (a&av), not merely 'reciters;' and it is probable that in early times the song was constantly accompanied by
the music of the lyre. Later the singing passed into a sort of
intonation, - the chord being struck, before commencing, on the
lyre. Finally it became a dramatic recitation or declamation. In
the earliest times the rhapsodes were poets, and often originated
the songs which they sang, like a Neapolitan improvisator or a
Scotch minstrel. In later times they had little poetical taste
or talent, and plied their art simply as a means of livelihood.
The rhapsodes are spoken of several times by Xenophon and
Plato, and by both contemptuously, as not always understanding
the sense of what they declaimed. They made a study of their
personal appearance, sometimes adorning themselves with gay
garments and wearing a gold crown upon their heads. They recited with much action and with impassioned gesture. Was the
passage sad, they wept; was it horrible, their hair stood on end.
Thus, like many modern actors, they strove, by overdoing the
manifestation of the sentiment contained in the passage recited,
to stir the feelings of their auditors. To persons of the best
taste, their recitation became, in later times, offensive: but to the
people in general of the period about 400 B. c., it must have been
agreeable; and the popular conception of many passages of both
poems must have been formed upon the rhapsode's interpretation of them.
V. PLACE OF THE       HOMERIC     POEMS IN     GREEK
CULTURE.     CIVIC EDITIONS.
We can hardly form an adequate idea of what the Homeric
poems were to the ancient Greeks. What the influence of a great
epic may be upon the religious belief of a nation, we see from
Milton's Paradise Lost, which has unquestionably contributed
much to form the popular theology of both English and Americans. It should of course be remembered that the Homeric
poems do not profess either to be or to rest upon a divine
revelation, and that they are not didactic in the sense of laying




INTRODUCTION.                      xiii
down formal rules of conduct. But they contain passages which
were accepted by the Greeks as the best description of the power
and majesty of their deities, and they abound in illustrations of
all the virtues of a patriarchal age. Plato often quotes a passage from Homer in finishing an argument, as a theologian quotes
from Scripture.
A verse of Homer was an important make-weight in settling a
disputed boundary or in establishing a doubtful pedigree. Both
Iliad and Odyssey were often learned entire at school, and large
portions of them were carried in memory through subsequent
years. Copies of them were so multiplied that it was easy to
possess them, as is illustrated by the story told of Alcibiades, who
is said in righteous indignation to have beaten his teacher, who
confessed that he did not own a copy of the Iliad. The poems
served too as a standard of taste; and though their origin dates
back to the very beginning of Greek literature, they influenced to
a surprising degree the works of subsequent writers. Herodotus, Plato, and even the late writer Lucian (I6o A. D.), illustrate
how familiar Homer was to educated men. That they should
have retained their charm so long is indeed the highest proof of
their merit. Fresh and spontaneous, they gave delight at the
simple popular festivals which called them into existence nearly
three thousand years ago; and yet they had such perfection of
form as to attract and satisfy the exacting criticism of the Alexandrian and later periods. One of the very latest works of erudition in the twelfth century - only three centuries before the fall
of Constantinople (1453 A.D.) -is the commentary on Homer
by Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica.
Different ancient cities had their civic or public editions,perhaps prepared at the public expense, and from which copies
could be made for private individuals. The best known of these
editions were those of Massilia (Marseilles), Chios, Sinope,
Argos, Cyprus, Crete.  Private editions, supervised by individuals, were also numerous. One of the most famous of these
was the edition prepared by Aristotle for his pupil, Alexander.
This was called the 'edition of the casket,' from the jewelled




xiv


INTRODUCTION.


case (said to have been part of the spoils taken, after the battle
of Arbela, from the tent of Darius) in which the conqueror carried it with him in his campaigns in Asia.
VI. HOMERIC STUDIES AT ALEXANDRIA. -THREE
GREAT ALEXANDRIAN           CRITICS.- SCHOLIA.
When the Greek mind ceased to be productive, it turned
itself toward the study of what it had created. The earliest and
for many centuries the chief seat of Greek learning was Alexandria. This city, from the time of its foundation by Alexander,
grew with wonderful rapidity; and in the second generation after
its founder, under the peaceful reign of the Ptolemies, literature
was cultivated here with a zeal and success unparalleled elsewhere in the Greek world. Ptolemy II., called Philadelphus
(285-247 B.C.), established the Museum (MovO-eov), - an institution combining the functions of a university and a learned
academy, like the French Academy. It was provided with a
corps of salaried professors, who gave public lectures in the
various departments of human knowledge. But it was also intended to promote research; and the most important work of
the scholars who were maintained under stipends at the Museum, and of the eminent men who directed their labors, was to
sift, classify, and elucidate the immense collection of manuscripts
which the Ptolemies had gathered together at lavish expense in
the two great libraries.l The names of three heads of the Mu1 The number of volumes in the Alexandrian libraries is said to have
been 500,000. By volumes we are to understand rolls of parchment or of
papyrus containing the equivalent of a book of Homer, a single tragedy,
or a philosophical dialogue. It may be worth while to mention here that
Jewish tradition represents that the Greek translation of the Old Testament, known as the Septuagint, was made at the direction of Ptolemy
Philadelphus, that it might be placed in the Alexandrian library. Another
story relates how foreigners, who brought with them treatises of value,
were liable to have them confiscated, and were obliged to be content with
receiving copies, while the originals went to enrich the Alexandrian library.
The Alexandrian library, or what remained of it, was burned 64I A. D.




INTRODUCTION.


XV


seum of Alexandria are particularly famous for Homeric criticism,
though their work was not confined to Homer, - Zenodotus
of Ephesus, Aristophanes of Byzantium, Aristarchus of Samothrace.  They flourished about 250-150 B.C.; and they followed certain common principles of criticism, as was natural,
since Aristophanes, who was the pupil of Zenodotus, was the
teacher of Aristarchus. The time had been when not only the
Iliad and the Odyssey, but a vast mass of epic poetry known as
the Epic Cycle, had been ascribed to Homer. This period was
now passed, and Zenodotus restricted the authorship of Homer
to the Iliad and the Odyssey. He edited the text of the two
poems without commentary, and his revision gained such a reputation that it eclipsed all predecessors.  He was the first to
employ the obelus (/3feXo'), a heavy horizontal line like our
dash (-), to indicate that the verses to which it was prefixed
were spurious. He is said to have had a partiality for rare and
archaic forms, and to have rejected with great boldness. Of
Aristophanes we know but little. Another revision of the text
was called for, which he edited, and which in its turn became a
standard. He employed the asterisk (*) to designate particularly
fine or repeated verses, and he invented the marks, ' ' (acute,
circumflex, and grave), which are now used in indicating Greek
accent. These marks were devised for the convenience of foreigners at Alexandria, to whom Greek was not a native tongue.
The third great Alexandrian critic was Aristarchus, whose fame
overshadowed all his predecessors. He was the oracle of his
day; and the estimation in which he was held is shown by a passage in the ancient Scholia: 'It is better to err with Aristarchus
than to be right with others.' His great object was to secure a
correct text of Homer. This he strove to do by a comparison
of the civic editions and by attention to metrical considerations;
and he succeeded so far that his text is that to which most of our
best modern editions strive to approach. The division of the
Iliad and Odyssey into twenty-four books and the employment
of the large and small letters of the Greek alphabet to designate
these books are ascribed to Aristarchus. During the lifetime of




xvi


INTRODUCTION.


this great critic, the views of Hellanlcus, who maintained the
separate authorship of the Iliad and Odyssey, gained some
prominence. A school formed itself about Hellanicus; and the
doctrine of what were called the Chorizontes (o1 Xwopi'ovres), or
'Separatists,' might have gained more adherents had not Aristarchus thrown the whole weight of his authority against it, and
crushed it so completely that it was hardly heard of again until
within the last hundred years.
It does not appear that the great Alexandrian critics published
anything but text-editions. They lectured, however, upon the
classic authors, and much of their comments (vWroivrLaT7a) was
preserved in the meagre notes of their students. These notes
were never carefully edited, but were copied, with more or less
correctness, by successive generations of grammarians of inferior knowledge; and it is in this way that they have reached us.
Didymus, a grammarian of the Roman period, and a contemporary of Cicero, may be mentioned for his services in the way
just described.  He was called XaXKE'VTepos, 'Tough-gut' (cf.
Carlyle's Zdidarm), from his wonderful industry. He is said to
have written 3,500 books.l
The manuscript copies of the Greek authors upon which our
printed editions rest were mostly made in the period from the
tenth to the fifteenth century by Greeks who had received their
education at Constantinople or Athens. These copyists had access
to a great mass of grammatical commentary which originated at
Alexandria, and was preserved by such men as Didymus; and
they often selected from it to the best of their judgment, and
filled with it a broad margin of the parchment page upon which
they wrote the text of their author. Such explanatory notes,
written in Greek, usually upon lines much closer together than
the main text, and often in so fine a character as not to be easily
decipherable, are called scholia; 2 and their original author, in
many cases unknown, is called a Scholiast.
1 Book is of course to be taken in the same sense as was the word
volume in the note on page xiv.
2 We see the singular of this word employed in Geometry, where scholium signifies a remark appended to a proposition.




INTRODUCTION.


Xvii


VII. CODEX VENETUS A.
Our oldest complete manuscript of the Iliad, which is also one
of the most legible and beautiful of all existing classical manuscripts, was probably written in the tenth century. Where it was
written, or how it came to its present resting-place,- the library
of the Church of St. Mark at Venice, - is purely a matter of
conjecture. It is known to scholars as the Codex Venetus A, —
being thus distinguished from another manuscript of the Iliad
in the same library, the Codex Venetus B. It is written upon
vellum or parchment leaves, in size about I3 X io inches, and
originally contained the entire Iliad upon 327 leaves, of which
only I9 have disappeared. It was first published in the year
1788 at Venice by the Abbe Villoison, a French scholar, and its
great importance was immediately recognized. It is interesting
in three respects: (I) It contains the best text of the Iliad;
(2) it preserves many of the critical marks (obelus, asterisk, etc.)
used by the Alexandrian grammarians; (3) it contains the best
collection of scholia upon the Iliad, with the information that
these scholia are derived from four grammarians ranging in date
from the first century before Christ to the second century after
Christ. One of these grammarians was Didymus, who has been
just mentioned.
The publication of the Venetian scholia shed a new light upon
Homeric studies. Up to the date of their publication, it had
been generally assumed that the received text of the Iliad had
come down to us from about the time of the poet himself, which
was sometimes placed at II44 B. c. But the Venetian scholia
made it plain that the Alexandrian scholars had had before them
no complete accepted text of the Iliad; that they depended
chiefly upon the civic editions, and sought by comparing them one
with another to determine the form which the poem had originally borne. None of the civic editions dated farther back than
the age of Pericles (450 B.c.), and the earliest date which could
1 See Frontispiece for facsimile of a page of the Codex Venetus.




xviii             INTRODUCTION.
be called historical in connection with the poems was that of
the revision of Pisistratus, less than a century earlier, which,
strange to say, there is no evidence that the great Alexandrian
critics used. The question soon arose: " How account for the
preservation of the poem, substantially unaltered, during the
five centuries and more prior to Pisistratus? "
VIII. F. A. WOLF'S THEORY AND ITS INFLUENCE.
F. A. Wolf, Professor in the University of Halle, maintained
in his famous Prolegomena ad Homerum,l published in 1 795, that
the preservation of the poems during this long period was impossible. The earliest Greek inscription, he pointed out, scarcely
antedated 600 B. c., and writing was not in general use before
the time of Pisistratus.  Without the common use of writing
he affirmed that the preservation of the poems in an unaltered
form was impossible. They neither originated so early as had
beei supposed, nor was the present their original form. Their
origin was to be sought in the numerous songs which bards
(dolsot, sang at the popular festivals at a time when the gift
of epic song was common to many. Each song was poured
forth spontaneously by some gifted singer without any thought
of the whole, the Iliad, of which by the version of Pisistratus
it long after became a part.  This view explained the many
birth-places attributed to Homer; for the name of the poet was
to be interpreted as really the name of a style of composition.
Wherever schools of bards flourished, there was a Homer. This
theory, which saw in the Homeric poems only the spontaneous
outgrowth of a certain phase of the Greek language and life,
speedily gained warm adherents; and the world was soon divided into Wolfians and anti-Wolfians. It is a theory the conclusions of which have the most important bearing upon the
credibility of all early history, and are by no means limited in
their application to the Homeric poems.
t Prolegomena = Introduction.




INTRODUCTION.


xix


The admission, which would not now be made, that the art
of writing was scarcely known or little used before the time of
Pisistratus is not fatal, as Wolf supposed, to the oral transmission
(i. e. transmission by the voice and by the power of memory) from
a remote past of poems as long as the Iliad. Upon this point,
many interesting facts illustrating the power of memory may be
brought forward. In antiquity, when the number of books was
much smaller than at the present time, and the variety of subjects which one was compelled to keep in mind much less
great, the memory often performed feats which now seem incredible. It was, for example, no infrequent accomplishment
of educated men at Athens to repeat the entire Iliad and the
entire Odyssey. In these days, on the contrary, we content ourselves with remembering where things are to be found, instead of
attempting to remember things themselves. Yet, in our time,
Macaulay found that he could on occasion repeat half of Paradise Lost, and some of De Quincey's exploits of memory were
even more extraordinary than Macaulay's. On the whole, then,
it is impossible to set limits to the power of memory in such
matters as these. It is probable that the poems could have been
transmitted substantially unaltered, if it be granted that they
could have been composed, without the aid of writing.
Another argument against the unity of authorship of the Iliad
is drawn from inconsistencies in the narrative. This line of investigation has been followed up with the minutest diligence in
Germany during the last fifty years, and Lachmann has divided
the Iliad into eighteen originally distinct songs. But inconsistencies in an epic poem are not necessarily fatal to unity of authorship; and so differently do such inconsistencies affect different
persons that, while they lead Bonitz (a Wolfian) to find the secret
of the power of the Iliad " in the overpowering charm of the
" separate pictures, which draw away the attention from their con"nection with each other," they allow Gladstone (a defender of
the unity of authorship) to remark that " the plot of the Iliad
" is one of the most consummate works known to literature. Not
" only is it not true that a want of cohesion and proportion in the




XX


INTRODUCTION.


" Iliad betrays a plurality of authors, but it is rather true that a
"structure so highly and so delicately organized constitutes in
"itself a powerful argument to prove its unity of conception and
"execution."
IX. PRESENT ASPECT OF THE HOMERIC QUESTION.
The following is a statement of conclusions which may be
considered as established after nearly a century of agitation of
the Homeric Question.   The language is that of Professor
R. C. Jebb, a most candid and judicious English scholar:
"The Iliad and Odyssey belong to the end, not to the begin"ning of a poetical epoch.  They mark the highest point
"reached by a school of poetry in Ionia which began by shap"ing the rude war-songs of Aeolic bards into short lays, and
"gradually developed a style suited to heroic narrative."
"The Iliad has been enlarged and remodelled by several
"hands from a shorter poem, by one poet, on the ' Wrath of Achil"les.' This original 'Wrath of Achilles,' probably composed
"about 940 B. c., was not merely a short lay, but a poem on a
"large plan, in which the central motive gave unity to a varied
"action, and which might properly be called an epic. It may
"have been only the last and best of a lost series of similar
"poems. But if it was the first of its kind, then its author was
"the Founder of the Epic art, who made the advance, not from
"the primitive war-song to the epic on a grand scale, but from
"the lay to the short epic." 1
X. OUTLINE OF PLOT OF THE ILIAD.
The word Iliad means Poem about Ilium. Ilium, or Troy, was
a city of what was later called Mysia, in the northwest of Asia
Minor, and was situated three miles south of the Hellespont.2
1 Primer of Greek Literature, p. 36.
2 See map of region in Autenrieth's Homeric Dictionary, Plate V.




ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.
1. STRUCTURE OF THE HOMERIC HEXAMETER.
Two different feet occur in the Homeric hexameter: the
dactyl and the spondee.      The dactyl consists of a long syllable
followed by two short syllables; the spjondee, of two long syllables.
As a long syllable occupies in pronunciation twice the time of a
short syllable, the two feet may be represented to the eye in two
ways: (I) by marks of long and short quantity, dactyl -           ',
spondee —; (2) by quarter and eighth notes, dactyl p,
spondee.1
The unit, or fundamental foot, of the verse is the dactyl. This
greatly preponderates in the first five of the six feet of which the
line is composed. Occasionally, as A io, each of the first five feet
is a dactyl; more often, spondees interchange with dactyls, except
in the fifth foot which is so commonly a dactyl that, when a spondee is found there, the verse receives the special name of 'spondaic
verse.' Examples of spondaic verses are A 14, 21, 74, 102. About
one verse in every twenty is spondaic. The last foot of the verse
is never a dactyl, but always consists of two syllables.2 We see
then that the number of syllables in a verse may vary between
seventeen (all the feet dactyls except the last) and twelve (all
the feet spondees, of which the only example in Books I-VI, is
B 544)I Dactyl is derived from SaKicTVXo  'finger,' - more probably from the use of the finger
in beating time than because the finger, like the dactyl, contains one long and two short
portions. Spondee is a derivative from oarivSoxalt, 'pour libation' (a7rovSj, 'libation'),
because slow solemn chants in this measure were sung in propitiating the gods.
2 The last foot of a verse is sometimes an apparent trochee (- or r C), since the slight
pause which always occurs at the end of the line tends to obscure the difference between
a preceding long or short syllable. A similar remark may be made respecting short syllables used as long before a caesura. See ~ 5, 4.




xxiv  ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


2. METRICAL ACCENT. -ARSIS AND               THESIS.
The first syllable of each foot receives, in scanning, a metrical
accent. This is entirely distinct from the written accent, with
which it may, or may not, coincide. Each hexameter verse has six
metrical accents. The stress which the metrical accent gives to the
accented syllable is called ictus. The accented part of each foot
is called the arsis; the unaccented part, the thesis. In the dactyl
the thesis consists of two syllables; in the spondee, of one. As
the spondee is the precise equivalent of the dactyl (e =?    t   t),
the length of the arsis is precisely equal to that of the thesis.
3. DIAERESIS AND CAESURA.
Pauses, both those indicated by punctuation and those not thus
indicated, are as important to good scanning as they are to the
good reading of prose. They may occur at the end of a foot or in
the heart of a foot; a pause of the first kind is called a diaeresis;
one of the second kind, a caesura. A diaeresis at the end of the
third foot, which would divide the verse exactly at the center, is
avoided; but diaereses, at the end of the second and especially at
the end of the fourth foot, are not infrequent. This latter is called
the Bucolic diaeresis, because more frequent in Bucolic or Pastoral
poetry than in Epic poetry. Examples are A 4, I4, 15, 30.
Caesura (caesura, the Latin equivalent of the Greek rom}, lit.
'cutting') designates that break in the verse which is caused
whenever a word ends in the heart of a foot. Caesurae can occur
in any foot, and there are usually several in a verse; but the most
important or main caesura is always near the middle of the line,
and commonly in the third foot. This caesura of the third foot
may come after the arsis, as is the case in A I, 8, I, and in 247
out of the 6Ii verses in Book I.     This is the favorite Vergilian
caesura.   Or, if the third foot is a dactyl, so that the thesis consists of two syllables, the caesura may come in the thesis; e.g.
A 5, 6. This latter caesura is the most frequent in the Homeric
poems. It occurs 356 times in Book I.1
I The caesura after the arsis is sometimes called the masculine caesura; it was also called
by the ancients roTa 7wrevOr7tgxepis;, i.e. 'the caesura after the first five half-feet' (7revre,
7r,-, tepot). The caesura in the thesis, also called the feminine caesura, was often called
TOLz) KCaT TOb Tpirov Tpoxaiov, ' caesura at the end of the third trochee,' because, by cutting off the last syllable of a dactyl in the third foot, it left a trochee. Much less common
than the caesurae just described is the caesura in the fourth foot, generally accompanied
by a caesura in the second foot; e.g. A 7, o0, i6.




ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


XXV


4. SYNIZESIS AND HIATUS.
Two successive vowels (or a vowel and diphthong) are often
fused in pronunciation. This is called synizesis (r-vviroltas, lit. ' settling together'). The contiguous vowels may be in different words
or in the same word. Synizesis differs from the elision so common
in Vergil in that neither vowel is lost, for where vowels are elided in
utterance in Greek they are omitted in writing; it differs from contraction because the vowels are merged only in utterance, though
written out in full. It might be said to add other diphthongs to
those commonly recognized as such. Examples are A I, 15, I8.
Hiatus is said to exist when two vowels immediately follow one
another, either as the final and initial vowel in two successive words,
or in the parts of a compound word. There are certain conditions,
specified in the Sketch of the Dialect, ~ 3, in which hiatus is tolerated. There are many other cases where it is only apparent.
In these the second of the two words had originally an initial consonant, the effect of which was remembered, though the consonant
itself was no longer written and not always uttered. Examples are
in A 4, 7, 24. See also Sketch of Dialect, ~ 3, 2.
5. RULES OF QUANTITY AND HINTS FOR SCANNING.
In order to divide a line correctly into feet, we need to know the
quantity of each syllable. This is more easily recognized in Greek
than in Latin. A few rules of special importance may be given:I. 77, o, and all diphthongs are long by nature.
2. E, o are short by nature.
3. A vowel naturally short is made long by position when it
stands before two consonants or a double consonant. One or
both of these consonants may be in the following word, and a mute
with a liquid usually gives long position. A single liquid may
give long position; e.g. A 283.
4. A vowel naturally short is often used as long in the arsis
before the caesura. The ictus, or stress of voice, doubtless has a
tendency to prolong the vowel, and so does the slight pause accompanying the caesura (cf. ~ I, note 2). Examples of this lengthening
are found in A 45, I53.
5. A long final vowel or diphthong is frequently used as short
when the following word begins with a vowel, i.e. before a hiatus.1
I This apparent shortening may perhaps be best explained by saying that the long vowel
or diphthong loses, as if by elision, half of its quantity.




XXvi  ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


This shortening occurs, of course, only in the thesis of the foot.
Examples are A 14, 15.
The beginner will be aided in his first attempts to divide a line
into feet by remembering that dactyls decidedly predominate above
spondees.  He should also understand that there is no such
general principle in Greek as that expressed by the common rule
in Latin 'a vowel before another vowel is short.' Examples of
the contrary are 'AXLXXios A I, 7pW'co A 4. The marks of accent
aid in many cases in determining the quantity of the doubtful
vowels a, L, v, as does also the fact that most inflectional and formative suffixes are short.
The following hints for scanning, beginning anywhere in a hexameter verse, will be found useful:I. When a long syllable is followed by a short syllable, the long
syllable always has a metrical ictus; e.g. '.
2. The syllable following two short syllables always has a metrical ictus; e.g. -,j.
3. A short syllable always indicates the presence of a dactyl.
4. Two contiguous long syllables always indicate the presence
of a spondee which either (a) ends with the first long syllable,
or (b) begins with it.
The beginner will find it a useful exercise to scan half a line
at a time, making a long pause near the middle of the verse,
i.e. in the third foot.  One must begin in the first half with an
ictus on the first syllable; in the second half of the line, the first
ictus will come on the first long syllable not immediately following
the pause.
It will also be well to select a few verses of which the first five
feet are dactyls ((o-rXoi 6Xo8aK'vXoL),-e.g. A o, 12, 13,- and to
practise these until one is familiar with the rhythm. There are
I20 such verses in Book I of the Iliad. Then one may pass
to verses containing two spondees, and gradually increase the
complexity.
6. PREREQUISITES TO GOOD SCANNING.
The three prerequisites to good scanning are: a correct division of the verse into feet; the placing of the metrical accent
upon the first syllable of each foot (ictus on the arsis); the correct location of the main caesura. The scholar should distinctly
understand that attention to the second of these points often in



ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


xxvii


volves the neglect of the written accent, which he has hitherto
carefully observed.'
Attention to the marks of punctuation will often aid in fixing the
place of the main caesura, as will also the fact that many verses are
so constructed that the sense is already complete at the middle of
the third (or of the fourth) foot, while the part that remains is
simply explanatory, and serves to round out the verse. Examples
are A 17, i8, 19, 20, 21.
Three prerequisites to good scanning have been named; two other
essential things must now be mentioned, without which scanning,
though it may be correct, will be lifeless and intolerable. One must
have such familiarity with the Greek words as to recognize and utter
them without hesitation or conscious effort; one must also be familiar with the movement, the swing, of the hexameter. A good way to
secure this familiarity is by memorizing selected hexameters, which
may be repeated by pupils singly or by a class in concert. The following passages are suitable for this purpose: A 38-49, Chryses's prayer
to Apollo, and Apollo's speedy answer; A 148-I57, A'chilles's angry
reply to Agamemnon. If memorizing hexameters is considered to
make too great demands upon the time of a class, simple reading in
concert, at first with the lead of the teacher, then without his lead,
will give that idea of the rhythm without which there can be no good
scanning. It may be well to expressly remind the pupil that he
should never, in scanning, forget the sense, and to suggest that
several words closely connected in sense may be uttered with
hardly more pause between them than between the parts of a
compound word; e.g. IljXrldtaco) 'AXtXo70, A I; oltvoia-l rE rcrt, A 5;
TI T alp o(tcoE Ocov, A 8.
7. SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH HEXAMETERS.
It will also be highly profitable to call the attention of scholars
to the best English accentual hexameters. Among the best-known
English poems in this meter may be mentioned Longfellow's Evangeline, Kingsley's Andromeda, and Clough's Bothie of Tober-naVuolich.
I This fact, that the written and metrical accent cannot both be regarded at the same
time, is one of the strongest reasons for believing that the marks of written accent indicated
varieties of pitch, not differences of stress, between different syllables.




xxviii  ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


The following example is from Kingsley's Andromeda:Smiling, she | answered in | turn, [l that | chaste Tri ] tonid A I thene,
Dear unto I me, no | less than to | thee, 11 is the | wedlock of I heroes,
Dear who can | worthily j win him [1 a I wife not un J worthy and  noble,
Pure with the ] pure to be- I get brave I children [[ the like of their [ father.
I add two translations of detached passages of the Iliad and Odyssey. First, from the Iliad, r 233-242, by Dr. Hawtrey, former Headmaster of Eton College:Clearly the ] rest I be [ hold of the [ dark ey'd I sons of A | chaia.
Known to me | well are the I faces of I all; their I names I re I member;
Two, two, I only re main whom I I see not a I mong the corn I manders, -
Kastor I fleet in the I car, Poly I deukes I brave with the  cestus;
Own dear j brethren of | mine, one 1 parent } loved us as J infants.
Are they not I here in the I host, from the I shores of j lov'd Lake I daimon,
Or, though they came with the [rest, inlships thatlbound through the [waters
Dare they not | enter the | fight or I stand in the  council of I Heroes,
All for I fear of the I shame and the [ taunts my [ crime has a i wakened?
Second, from the Odyssey, e 55-69, by William Cullen Bryant:1 -
Now as he I reached, in his I course, that I isle far [ off in the I ocean,
Forth from the [dark blue swell of the waves he stepped on the [sea-beach,
Walking right [on till he came to the broad-roofed[ cave where the goddess
Made her a I bode - that I bright-haired I nymph, - in I her dwelling he ]
found her.
There, on the I hearth, was a I huge fire | blazing, and I over the | island
Floated the | odorous I fume sent I up from the j cedar and I cypress,
Cloven and j burning, while | she sat I far in the I grotto and I sweetly
Sang, as the shuttle of I gold was [ flung through the web from her I fingers.
Round that I grot grew I up, on all | sides, a lux | uriant | forest.
Alders were there, and poplars, and there was the sweet smelling cypress,
Haunted by!broad-wingedlbirds which I build their [ nests in the I branches,
Owls of the | wood, and I falcons, and I crows with | far-sounding I voices,
Birds of the I shore which I seek their I food on the I beaches of I ocean.
There, all I over the I rock from I which that I grotto was I hollowed,
Clambered a strong-growing I vine whose I fruit hung I heavy in I clusters.
The reader of the selections just given will observe how greatly
the dactyl preponderates in English hexameters. This is indeed
I This translation, never elsewhere published, so far as I know, than in the "Evening
Post," was made by Mr. Bryant as an experiment, before he had decided what meter to
employ in his translation of the Odyssey.




ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.


xxix


their great defect, because fatal to variety. Another defect is the
frequent occurrence of the diaeresis at the end of the third foot (see
~ 3). It will be also noticed that the same syllable is now used as long,
now as short. Little regard, in fact, is had for quantity, which is
wholly subordinated to accent. The last two specimens (from Hawtrey and Bryant) show a regard for quantity much greater than is
usually found in English hexameters.
8. TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH HEXAMETERS.
It is a good exercise to turn a few lines of Homer into English
hexameter. Some verses will go into the same English measure with
little effort; e.g. B 23:Ev0ELS, ArTpEos vie Sacppovo '7r7rosa/uoro;
Sleep'st thou, [ O son of I Atreus I| the I furious | tamer of [ horses?
or the following (A 148-I5): -
Tbv 8' &p' v7r6pa 13&,v 7rpoo'Ept 7r 6as WcKUb 'AXihehs '
& lIo, avaiE~irV eT7riUEIEve, KepaXe(dppov -
7rs Trs TroL Irp(J)ppWV ireo'El  7reOlr'atai 'AXativ,
o68bv E'AOE'iAvai, i avlpca'0lv al4L jdaCiX1e0a;
Him then with J stern glance re | garding ad I dressed the swift- I footed
A I chilles:
Ah me! | mantled in ] arrogance, I greedy in ] spirit and I temper,
How to thy I words shall | any A I chaian | render o i bedience
Either to j go on a I foray or | valiantly I combat with J heroes?
A moderate amount of practice will give considerable ease in writ.
ing such hexameters.   The writer has sometimes had an entire
lesson voluntarily prepared by a class in hexameter translation, and
pupils have frequently in examination written, in this meter, their
translation of the passage set. There are several familiar combinations of words in English which naturally close a dactyl. As such
may be mentioned the monosyllabic prepositions followed by the
article; e.g. ' of the,' 'in the,' 'for the,' 'with the,' etc. The translator will soon notice, however, that the Greek line literally translated does not furnish, in most cases, enough material to fill out the
English hexameter.    The obvious reason for this is the lack in
English of that multitude of particles and conjunctions for which
in English there is no precise equivalent, and which in Greek sup



XXX      ON   SCANNING      HOMERIC      VERSE.
ply so readily the short syllables for the dactyls. The translator
has no alternative but to expand; and it is perhaps this inevitable
introduction of foreign matter, more than anything else, which
explains the failure of hexameter translations of extended portions of the Iliad to interest the reader. Of course, this fact constitutes no objection to the hexameter as an English meter, nor to
its use for original English poems. But it is a question whether it
does not render it an unsuitable meter for a translation of Homer
as a whole.




THE CHIEF PECULIARITIES OF THE
HOMERIC DIALECT.'
PHONOLOGY.
1. VOWEL SUBSTITUTIONS.
i. r is used    in Homer after p, E, t, where the Attic uses a;
e.g. dyopr [layopa], 6o5oti [6aotia], irep'ropae [7repacro,at].
2. Similarly, et is found for E, ou for o; e.g. $eLvos [Evor], XpvfcrelO [XpV(EOS, XpvroVS1], TrOVXVS' [7TOXse], tIoVvos [o'voE].
3. More rarely, oL is found for o, at for a, nr for E; e.g. irvoLt [7rvol],
CA6TOCS [deToE], TIOfflLEVOS [rTOdeevos].
4. By what is called metathesis quantitatis, 'transposition of
quantity,' ao becomes eco; e.g. 'ArpElaeo interchangeable with 'ArpEiOao.   Similarly, we find wAs and Etos [;'oS], a7repetcosv for a7rempeioto
[arlotpo], KrX.
2. TREATMENT OF CONCURRENT VOWELS.
I. Contraction, when it occurs, follows the ordinary rules, except
that Eo and cov contract only into ev; e.g. Odpra-vs [0parovs], /3aXXEv
[3adXXov].
2. But contraction often does not take place; e.g. d'Kcov [tKOcwv],
AXyea [a1Xyr]; and, on the other hand, a few         unusual contractions
occur; e.g. evppEcov, instead of vUpCoFVS from      EvppeESo.
3. Two vowels (or diphthongs) are often blended in pronunciaI The Homeric dialect, also called the Epic or older Ionic, is the oldest form of the
Greek language of which we have knowledge. To this the newer Ionic in which Herodotus wrote, and the Attic dialect which became the accepted standard for ordinary composition, stand related as younger sisters. The Homeric dialect was undoubtedly based upon
the Greek as spoken, during the tenth and ninth centuries, in the islands of the Aegean Sea
and on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor. But the variety of forms which it contains is greater
than could have been employed at one time in any spoken dialect. Hence it is inferred that
the originators of Epic poetry created in fact their dialect, developing and amplifying it
in the direction of certain tendencies which they found existing in common every-day
speech.




xxxii


THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


tion (synizesis); e.g. 'ArpetSec (pronounce -dyo), 8q) av, Irel oV, A oiv.
See Essay on Scanning Homer, ~ 4.
3. HIATUS.
I. Hiatus is allowed (i.e. may be considered regular) in the following cases:(a) after the vowels i and v;
(b) when the two vowels are separated by a principal caesura, a
diaeresis, or a mark of punctuation;
(c) when the final vowel of the first word is long and stands in
the accented part of the foot;
(d) when the first of the two vowels, though naturally long, stands
in the unaccented part of the foot, and loses half of its quantity before the following vowel.
(e) when the last vowel of the first word has been lost by elision.
These cases are illustrated by the following examples -
(a) CWOTrTpL ap7lpJTr.          -     I - _   \J -  j
(b) KaTjorTo, E'7ryVY/dJctaa-a, KTr.  v \ -  ' \ - - I - E
(c) a3YrtiOEy 'OsuaVit-.        - v- \  - |   j \ -
(d)  aT'ol 7' IMWV.               I -- r   I ---
(e) tivpi' 'AXato7s &X\yE' EOfKeY.  -  j \-  - -  j-vI - Jv.
2. Hiatus in other circumstances is generally only apparent, and
disappears on supplying the original consonant (now no longer written); e.g. rdov  ' 7jei/3er' e'rre7ra Faiva$ davapv 'AyaE~4vcov. See ~ 8;
also see Essay on Scanning Homer, ~ 4, and Apjiarent Hiatus in
Index.
4. ELISION.
Elision is allowed in some cases where it would not occur in prose.
a, e, t, o re elided in declension and conjugation; at in the endings
iLat, (a-a, rat, aO a; OL in ooL, -rot, rot.
5. APOCOPE.
Before a following consonant, the final short vowel of a'pa, and of
the prepositions avd, rrapd, Kara may be cut off, leaving ip, v, 7i, p,
KaT. This is called apocope.
REMARK. The accent in this case recedes to the first syllable, and
the consonant, now final, is assimilated to a following consonant;
e.g. Ka o yUvattv [KaTra Uvayitv] KcXat7re [KarTE'Xre],. 7rreF8iov C[ava.
7refloY].




THE HOMERIC DIALECT.  xxi


Xxxiii


6. ANASTROPHE.
Anastrophe. or the retraction of the accent from the ultima to the
penult, may occur in the case of all oxytone prepositions except
ap4 cIvan', d, 8La. It regularly occurs: (i) when a preposition follows its case (but not if the final vowel of the preposition has been
elided), -e.g-. 6' E'7r [ f'q  q 7], hut,iv' aE'j' fv6 [E'7r'i 0va alXos]; (2) when
a preposition is placed after a verb from which it has been separated by tmesis (see note on A 25); elg. AE'oara 41ro [adrroXE~a-agJ.
REMARK. The adverb of comparison 64, ' as,' when placed after
the noun which it would naturally precede, is accented; e~g. l'pvLOErV
co 'as birds.'
7. CONSONANT CHANGES.
i. Single consonants, especially X, p, v, P p,o, are often doubled in
the heart of a word after a vowel; e~g. 7'XXaj3ov [fExai3ov], 7r0d-ooo [r6 -uot-o Here may also be mentioned the occasional lengthening of a
short following vowel before certain words beginning with a liquid
(perhaps the liquid was doubled in pronunciation); e~g. 4' polaipoto-t.
2. Metathesis (MuETC'OEO-ts,, ' transposition') of a vowel and a liquid
is common; e.go. Kcpa~b and Kap&q [Kapb~a], Ocipo-ov and Opaio-or [Oipo-og.]
3. Between ti and p, as also between ML and X, 13 is sometimes inserted; e.g. i-Y j3porov, where /1poTL-o', [13poTo'r] is for,tporo'., and shows
the same root as Latin mor-ior.    Cf. also pE[-,43XCoKa, from stem
1.LXO-,pX8. DIGAMMA, OR VAU.
For fuller statements respecting this letter (called digamma, zie.
double-gamma, from its form, but in pronunciation having the power
of w), see the grammars. The following words had originally initial F:aXLS       Et&A co         OV, or, E'    ETOS          Ys, 21' I
a~c2I'aL   e Ypwc (',say')  EVOY, 4drov  67 sloO
&va4       EaIcaaOS       ep7YOi        I'Xw, 'laX~    1TE`??
ayaa'z/c,  bcc-            Eppw          1 ~E W, o7aa  OlKOY
6aOTU      EKIflL, EKWYP   ErOLI 01a cZ
ap   EIKlp4S        'EVVVI/LL,     YKEXOS         O's,  0~ lIV
eaOJ'      EXL~           El/ha, E0O0Is  dFCKEAOS
EYJCOUL    EXArop"aL      EOTrEPOS      Zov ('violet')




xxxiv


THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


DECLENSION.
9. SUFFIXES HAVING FORCE OF CASE-ENDINGS.
I. The termination -i,(v) serves for the ending of the genitive and
dative, in both singular and plural; e.g. Ed Evvrj)t, Il,    otolt, 0rc0L
is, a-vv 't7rrotvLY Kal OXo'-at.  These forms would be written, in the
Attic dialect, 6 fEvvJv, f3i;, oo-rTe   ( (orCOv) 6t, svv prnrotL Ka oxeo-t.
2. The three local suffixes -OL, -Oev, -BE are frequently appended
to a substantive to answer the questions ' where?' ' whence?'
'whither?' (-4e being appended to the accusative case and -OEv
being often the equivalent of the genitive ending); e.g. o'iKo0t [0oKoL],
ovpavo0ev [fe' ovpavov, ove 8OlOiV6& [telS TOv &O64ov aTroQv.
10. FIRST DECLENSION.
[Here are included feminine forms of several classes of words in -o0, -s-, -ov; e.g. of adjectives and of participles, of pronouns, and of the article.]
I. For a we find regularly, in the singular, r; e.g. O6prq [Ovpa],
velvT)VT] [vfavlaE].  To this statement Oea must be excepted, and some
proper names; e.g. 'Eptelas.
2. The nominative singular of some masculines in -rs ends in -a;
e.g. iTr7Trra [Tr7ronTSr?], vEfeXflyepEra [vefEXtrye'nrrs].  Cf. in Latin the
nouns naula, poeta, the equivalents of the Greek vavrrqs, rourTr9s.
3. The genitive singular of masculines ends in -ao or -e); e.g.
'ArpeFi'ao, 'ATrpe8ecO ['ArTpeiov].
4. The genitive plural ends in -owv or -oyv, but is rarely contracted,
as in Attic, into -   ev; e.g. Oedow [Oevv], vavurIov [vavTov], rrapeLv.
5. The dative plural ends in -Cro- or -rs (which may usually be read
-,o-', i.e. -ral with L elided), rarely in ate; e.g. TrVXrn-L (rvXno-') [7rvXats],
'xCt.  (LX'.S) [^Xtga1  ], Oals.
11. SECOND DECLENSION.
[Here are included masculine and neuter forms of adjectives and participles in -os, -al, -ov,
of pronouns, and of the article.]
I. The genitive singular has retained the old ending -to, which,
added to the final o of the stem, gives the termination -oto. Hence
arise the three terminations -oto, -oo, -ov.  Of these only -oLo and -ov
occur in existing texts of Homer; but there seems to be evidence
that the termination -oo originally stood in a number of places
where we now find -ov.




THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


XXXV


2. The genitive and dative dual end in -ouv.
3. The dative plural ends in -onrL or -OLs (which may usually be
read -OLw-').
12. THIRD DECLENSION.
I. The genitive and dative dual end in -ov; e.g. iro8oiv [7ro0oiv].
2. The dative plural has the endings -o-t(v) and -o-ct(v), usually
joined to consonant stems by a connecting vowel e. Hence arise
many different forms of the dative plural, - all, however, easily recognizable; e.g. from f3eXos, - /XeCercrl [eXXeo-L], /3eX o-o', /eXCo-; from
7roVr, - 7ro-o(r(r [roo-i], 7roo-(o, 7rool.
3. Stems ending in o- are generally uncontracted in declension,
though -EoQ may contract into -evs; e.. OepeVs [Oepovs], genitive singular of Oepos.
4. Words in -Ls generally retain the t in all their cases; e.g.,davTLS, ICtrrVMo [Adtre(S].
REMARK. The following are the forms of 7ro'XL (7rrdXLs) which are
not met with in the Attic dialect: in the singular, G. 7roLor, 7rdXrqos,
D. 7rdtX, 7roXrti, 7ro't'; in the plural, N. 7rd-Xte, TrodXre,, G. 7roXiov,
D. 7roXto'Eot, A. rodXLas, 7rTdXrqa, 7ro'Xr.
5. Stems in -ev generally lengthen e to 77 in compensation for
the omitted v (F); e.g. j3ao-tLXio, /3aaoLXjt; yet not always, e.g. TvUeoo,
Tuvte, TvSea.
13. ADJECTIVES.
I. The feminine singular of adjectives of the first and second
declensions is regularly formed in t; e.g. o6olr/ [6M/oia], aloXpi
[aio-Xpa], except Kia. See ~ 0o, I.
2. The Attic rule, that compound adjectives have only two terminations, is not always observed; and, conversely, some adjectives which
in Attic have three terminations have only two in Homer.
3. Adjectives in -vs often change the feminine termination from
-Eal to -ai and -~r; e.g. from 3aO~vs we find 3aOetris, I3a0ers [3aOdeasJ].
REMARK. IloXVS has well-nigh a full declension from two stems,
7roXv- (roXeF-) and 7roXXo-. Thus 7roXXos and rroXXdv occur; also FroX/oO, rroXe OX, rrok 0XEoV -, roXeO(rr,  7roXeTI(, 7rroXeas.
4. The comparative and superlative endings -Lov and -LOrros are
much more extensively used in the Homeric than in the Attic
dialect.




xxxvi


THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


14. PRONOUNS.
i. The following table shows the personal and possessive pronouns as they occur in Homer. For Attic forms, see the grammars.


SING. N.     E'YQ6, fEYh'        (T V,
G.    q4 EZO,  e'/.do,  e/L Ev,  clE W,  coE,  El'c,  do,)  E',  o i,
/L'EV,  OLEVC          OEC,41EOEV         EOEV
D.    f/J.0l, AJOL          Tol, T01,  7-ELY    of, 4EO
A.     q~LE, /AE            (7 E                E, EE   JLLV
Possessive.     E 40S.       c~s, TIE65          O's, k~s
DUAL N.A.V.        vWLi (acc. v W')  o-TpC, O4c6
G.  D.    V ~Lw            rc $ Y, n 54 v     c q tv
Possessive.     JW'WTEPOS     o4 wOLTEpos


PL1JR. N.     7JAELS,  &A.LFES
G?).EW Y,  'IUC1/ EWV
A.     VAE'as, h1.as, 61UUE
Possessive. 7flpil-Epos, &juA


i/4ESS, Vj~jUES,
U0L4EWY, VLqLIELWY
V/uEas, 6/L/uE
UY/ETEpOS, t/LQS


a~p i E'W V,  L 0p LW,  t1 pcy c
uTjpECs, ercPcts, OVIE
Ia(PE'TEpOS, Op4bs




2. The article 6, r-6 in Homer is usually a demonstrative pronoun. In the nominative plural, the forms -rot' and -rat' occur by the
side of ol and ai'. The forms beginning with T are very often used
with relative signification.
"o&E has the peculiar forms r~oL'oaceocTt and rot'o-3ct-c
By the side of f'K6h'09, KE&1VO is also found.
3. Homeric forms of the relative pronoun are 65 for 6E., 05o for o6'
'Eqfor4. Thienominative masculine forms 's. and 6 sometimes have
demonstrative signification.




THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


Xxxvii


4. The following are the forms in use of the interrogative and of
the indefinite pronoun. For Attic forms, see the grammars.


INTERROGATIVE.


Singutlar.
N.      'n's, ntr. T'r
G.      T4o'
T EV0
D.      TE&CP


Plural.
'fLYES, ntr. T'rtvc
TEW"
TrEfO lO


INDEFIN ITE.
Singular.               Plural.
Tis ntr. 'TL TIV'Ws, ntr. TrLVa and go'o'a
'1EV
Tnvcd, ntr. '15 'rLvds, ntr. TM'i'ic and 60oocs


A.      Tivac, ntr. rTf     T'ris, ntr. 'dva


5. The compound relative has a great variety of forms: -


N.
G.
D.
A.


00-TIS, 07rS;    ~'is;   b'Tt, 97T7i
OTTrEO, 0O'rTrE V, O'TrEIJ
dvrr wca,    O'rLI/c;   ~Vj' v' a;   O'T i,   bO r'rs


oL~wes; aLL7Oa (for aic-Ti-ac)
OTE WV
OTrEOLO'S
OuO'rwyas, 8drwas; a&oTiwas; a&o'cra


Homer also uses very frequently the form GaTE7-, which is regarded
by Monro as equivalent in meaning to hO0-I-S
CONJUGATION.
15. AUGMENT AND REDUPLICATION.
i. The augment, either temporal or syllabic, may be omitted. In
this case, the accent is thrown back as far as possible toward the
begrinning of the word; e.g. XDo-E [E`XVo'E], KaOEIIEfV LKaOciMEvI. Monosyllabic forms with a long- vowel are circumfiexed; e.g. /3~ ~/3]
2. The second aorist active and middle is often formed in Homer
from a reduplicated stem. (The only examples in Attic of such
reduplicated aorists are i'yyov?71EYKGV (?7v-eEV1K-0V), and ELl7roW (EFE FE7rov).) There are about twenty reduplicated aorists in Homer; the
most important are: IE'r -'9pa~ov (bpai'~c)), ECWKX ETo and KE'KX ETr (KE'XOLiat), vre/c~i-Oac  4iot a)  7rE7rL'oqLMEv  (7'EiO w), 7re7rVAOLaTGo  (7rovv~avo/LaL), (a/L~rElraX(OVY (aivairadXXc).
Examples of a very peculiar reduplication are: gv7r-awr-ov (,Evdwrw)
and fEpVK-LUK-o0 (EpcKCO). Here the last consonant of the stem is repeated after a connecting a.
3. There are a few examples of a reduplicated future of similar
formation with the reduplicated aorist; e~g. 7reoist'o&cc,7TEflPLT




xxxviii


THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


16. ENDINGS.
i. The older endings of the singular number, -/z, -o-a, -oLt, are
more common in Homer than in the Attic dialect; e.g. O'dXcouL
[EdcX]o] (subj.), e'Oerao-L, also written EOeX,77a [iOXyl] (perhaps an example of reasoning from false analogy on the part of the copyists).
2. The ending of the third person dual in the historical tenses
is -TOV as well as -Tr-v in the active, -aoOv as well as -o-Orv in the
middle voice.  In the first person plural -ca-vOa is often used for
-iLeOa.
3. The second person singular of the middle and passive often
loses cr from the ending, and remains uncontracted; e.g. exrla [exn],
3aXXEo [aAXXov], '7Ao (also  XE(al Xv) [EtrXeov], c;av;ao [coUacro]. \Ve
even find 3ei3X1aL [3\3/Xriorat] in the perfect middle.
4. For the endings -,raL and -vTO of the third person plural, -aara
and -aro are often substituted; e.g. &ceaiaraL [eSalmvat], yevolaro
[yevowvro]. Before these endings (-aram and -aro) smooth or middle
labial and palatal mutes become rough; e.g. rTepdCaTra (rperco].
5. Active infinitives (with the exception of the first aorist infinitive) frequently end in -ievaL, also shortened into -Mev; e.g. aKovueivat [daKo{,v]i, \6EXOLv(aL) [e'XOEv], TerOvafiv(at) [rreOvcvaL]. The second
aorist infinitive active sometimes ends in -ELV; e.g. ieiELv [ZIe&v].
17. MOOD-VOWELS OF SUBJUNCTIVE.
The long characteristic vowels of the subjunctive frequently appear as e and o. The shorter vowel does not appear in the singular, nor in the third person plural of the active voice. Thus we have
o/jev [i'/Lv], OcoPfioev [0300J/SoLEVv], eV '$atL [sV   (f'1,$)].  This
shorter form is especially common in the first aorist subjunctive,
which thus becomes identical in form with the future indicative.
18. CONTRACT-VERBS.
i. Verbs in -aco appear in uncontracted, contracted, and assimilated forms. The assimilated forms may be regarded as intermediate
between the uncontracted and contracted forms. They are called
assimilated forms because the two vowels (or the vowel and diphthong) which would ordinarily be contracted are assimilated, so as to
give a double-A or a double-o sound. Thus we have 6ppoo for 6pdwo,
opowre for 6piaOLT, iXOoorL for eXaovao- (fut. of 'Xavvw);X\av for;XELv (&cdev). This assimilation never occurs unless the second vowel
is long either by nature or by position. It may be accompanied
by a lengthening of either (very rarely both) of the assimilated
vowels.




S
THE HOMERIC DIALECT.                            XXXiX
2. Verbs in -,Ew are generally uncontracted, but sometimes form Et
from EE and EEL, cv from Eo or Eov. In uncontracted forms, the stem.vowel E is sometimes lengthened into EL; e~g. E'TEEL'ETo [f'TEXEZTo].
3. Verbs in -oa) are generally contracted, except in a few cases
where assimilation, see ~ i8, i, occurs; e~g. dpo'oo-L [adp,~cn].
19. PECULIARITIES IN THE FORMATION OF THE PRESENT STEM.
I. Many presents in -~co are formed as if from stems ending in y;
e.g. 7roXE/IL~co (fut. 7ToXEpiLoFLtEvJ [rJoXEMIOa-oMEV, or riOX'E/iLOV/IEV]),,iao-7L'Ca
(aor. Maoa-rtL$Ev).  The stem   of 7rXadCw  is 7rXayy/- (7rXadyX-Oi  aor.
pass.).
2. Several presents in -uo-w are formed from lingual stems; e.g.
KOPLNTL-CO (pf. pass. ptc. KEKOPV~bLEVov-), Xio-uoo/aL (aor. EXUto/.l77Z).
3. vito, shows a stem vtq3- (aor. infin. vd1J~ao-OaL).
4. Several other stems, additional to Kacao (stem ivaF-) and KXakow
(stem KcXaF), form the present stem by the addition of t; e~g. pal'opatL (pf.,LE,.LaMEv).
20. FORMATION OF FUTURE AND FIRST AORIST ACTIVE AND
MIDDLE.
I. Such pure verbs as do not lengthen the final stem-vowel in the
formation of tenses often double a- in the future and first aorist active and middle; e~g. al o-o-ofiat [a~lro-oaL], VELtKETOE- [f'VfLiK1G-,E], iE'raIvvO0E [C'TavvaoE].  Sometimes, stems in a dental show        a similar
doubling of o-; e~g. Ko/LLLT-(Taro [E'K0oLo-aro].
2. The future of liquid verbs is generally uficontracted; e g. adyycXE'co [adyyEX~o]. A few liquid stems form their first aorist with the
tense-sign o-; e~g. e'Kc`a-apjv [W'K1EL'XaFLE  (03Kc`XXw)] (KA'XX&), la~PTE OyVVF.L LI.
3. A few verbs form the first aorist active and middle without rY;
e.g. E'xEva and XEFcL [fEXEa] (XE'O z-XEv'co), E'a-cTEva (aoEu'o),?17XEVaT-o, a'XEcaaYOUL
(dXEvoIaL), c`Kja Ff'Kavora], subj. K1JO/LEJ [KcaV5o-coEvI, infin. K?7at [Kai~o-at]
(Katco).
4. o and E sometimes take the place of a as intermediate vowels of
the first aorist;eg.  L$ov       t (iEO/a) 3LTT    (3%.     Tesm
thing is seen in the imperatives f31,o-,Eo (~3atvc) 'pucEo and 0'opEv  P
vv/1L), 4IETE (Ayco), olloe (04E'pc), and in the infinitives a'~E/Lcvat, OLWE/Levai.




XI


xl   ~THE HOMERIC DIALECT.


21. FORMATION OF SECOND AORIST WITHOUT THEMATIC VOWEL.
Many verbs have a second aorist active and middle without a thematic vowel, formed similarly to the second aorist of verbs in -/it.
Of this formation there are many instances; e.g. E'KTOa E'Krav, EKTaLTo
(stem. KTM-, Krcv-), m-v%7 (O-EdwC), E'VTO (Xi0)), AL)TO (X&5i), optatives A/LeV, C/AtTo, infin. (j)oLOat, ptC. (J)OL/.EVov ()O —), imperatives KXZOL
KXUT1E (cXi&O), 43~Xqpm, O3Xi~-Oac (34XXcto), aiXr-o (&XXopkat), IE'KTO (8Etxo/juat), E/ILKTo and /ILLKTO (4LdYVv~t) JOp70, O'po-O (tpyvvp).  The imperatives
KEKXVOL, KE'KXVTE are similarly formed, from a reduplicated stem.
22. FORMATION OF PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT.
i. In the forms 4q.LLopa (IxEipo~Lta) and E'o-oviuat (o-,EI'o), we see the
same doubling of the initial consonant of the stem after the augment
(reduplication), as if the stem began with p.
"EotLa (&FoLKa), E'oXira (FEFoX~ra), E'Opya (FeFopya), when the lost
consonants are supplied, are seen to have the full reduplication.
In aix(arat [8cE?3E'yqvot ELoa-L] the reduplication has been lost, and it
is irregular in &I'EytatYO [UaEyt~at] (&'XoIat) and 3Et'80LKa [U8otKa],
LIEL&La [8i~ta].
2. The first perfect is formed from vowel-stems only and is rare.
The second perfect is very common, but always wants the aspiration;e.g". KE'Kora [KE'KOC/r] (K67rrco).  There frequently occur, from
vowel-stems, forms without the tense-sigrn K, and perfect participles
thus formed are particularly common; e~g. ~rcor'ao-t [7rfor'Kao-t] (4vdo),
KEK/.LJOJTL [KECKMP67t] (Ka'PVW) TEOvqi~raq [TEOYVJKd'-ag] (OV,'o-Kc0).
3. In the pluperfect the endings -E6~-a, -EE(v), contracted IEL(V)
or q, appear; e.g-. M- ["&Etv], '&~E [MEL].
REMARK. Compare '~aca       Fq8-eo-ag with Lat. v i d - e r a m; j8fav
=Fq3-,Eo-ag with v id- e ra s; '&Fo-av= F~-,Eo-avr with vi d- e ra nt.
The Greek pluperfect is thus seen to be, like the Latin pluperfect, a
compound tense, of which the last part doubtless contains the root
CO~- Of the verb EtlLL'.
23. PASSIVE AQEISTS.
I. The third plural indicative often ends in v instead of oavw;
e.g. E1.LLXOE1/ [4duX077o-av7, C/0d/3q~Ov [  i~ni0qaav], 7rp4'~Ev [,FrpadC/o-avj.
2. The subjunctive remains uncontracted; at the same time the
of the passive sign is often lengthened into Et or 71 and the following mood-sign (in the dual and 2, 3 pl.) shortened to. E or o; e.g.
&JEico [&Co] (stem 8a-), 8altet'77. or ~apa,~'y [8aa,~] (3t1vqut).




THE HOMERIC DIALECT.    l


x1i


REMARK. A peculiar form is rpa~reLo0pVv, 2 aor. pass. from rE'pwo.
This arises by mnetathesis from rapireioqzu [7Tapmr~qLEv].
24. VERBS IN -Mkt.
i. By the side of the ordinary forms of the present indicative of
verbs in -tit, there occur also forms as if f rom presents in -ta)o and -ow;
e.g. rLOELi [TL'O7)ot], &3OL [&awcrt]. I
2. As the ending of the third person plural of the imperfect and
second aorist indicative active, v often takes the place of — a-vi
e g. t~v [Zffa-av], e'a-rav oarcv [f'Uqa-ricav], cav j3av [O3piav], t'Oav friv
3. In the second aorist subjunctive active, the mood-sign is sometimes shortened and the stem-vowel lengthened. Thus arise such
forms as: OE'w [        Oc', 0dtO1jr[0jj     n) [77] 'i        o[ycj
(W  yo-)&     [&74.   Sometimes a of the stem        is weakened into e, and
this again protracted into EL. Thus arise the forms I3L'oMev [/3c~),,Ev],
UTTEGo)MEV, OrTELOMAeI [orTiLev].
4. The following are the forms of the so-called irreaiilar verbs
in -/it which do not occur in the Attic dialect.
(a) From I ul: 3 PI. pres. indic. act. LEUOL-, 3 sing. subj. ~'17 u, infin. L'E',Evat, ipf. I' sing. SELL', 3 PI. TYar.idic. act. ising. Ebpca, 3 pI. "o-ap, suhj.
I sng./IO-Ew,  sng.po,7  &t-, infin. ItEO-E/tEv, 3 PI. 2 aor. inclic.  'ro
(b) From el/iL: 2 sing. pres. indic. Jdo-Ga, suhj. 2 sing. i'Jo-OTa, 3 sing. Y'pa-tv, I P1. 10/.LE, 3 sing. Opt. LEt?)q, infin. YqiEv(adl, ipf. i sing. lja, ljiov, 3 sing.
~sE(v) i'E(L), I P1. pO/0IEv, 3 pI. 1so-av LavO lF~ov, fut. E4a-ooyia, i aor. EFaO/,T
and E'EIO-afIA77v.
(c) From   eily(: pres. indic. 2 sinig. EO-0 Ed, I PI. EiI'V,U3Ep1 EaLv)
subj. i sing. E'w /AE.T-e(Wc, 2 sing. /'it, 3 sing. /'paTl 'ot/,T   3 PI. 4o()
Opt. 2 sing. to~l, 3 sing Eoi, imv. EoaTo, infin. E't/IEv(aL) and `/AE'/IaL), Jptc. Jc'v
EoOuya EGY', etc., ipf.  sing. -~a Ea eov, 2 sing  E~no-ea, 3 sing.?"EVv ljv,
3p1. Ea-av, fut. 3 sing. 6ro-o-E-rat ea-a-ELraL.
(a') From olia: 2 pf. indic. 2 sing. oiaas, I PI. 18ALEY, subj. i sing. El'3E',
rpI. EY1o01AEV, 2 P1. EM'E-rE, infin. Mg/Et'(at), ptc. fem. ~Iuia, plUPf. 2 sing. 7'7E/'1j,3 ig. ',E/&77 'aEE, 3 p1. Ya-av,, fUt. ENG7-W.
(e) From   Iyat a: pres. indic.3 p1. ~a-rat and ElaraL, ipf. 3 p1. ~a-ro and
eda~r.
(f) From Icei71uaL: pres. indic. 3 P1. KEIcLarat ce'a-raL cE'OV~at.




xlii


THE HOMERIC DIALEC'r.


25. ITERATIVE FORMS.
The endings -o-Kov and -ao-K^lv indicate repetition of the action,
whence they are called iterative endings. They do not occur in the
same sense in the Attic dialect. Iterative forms have the inflection
of the imperfect indicative of verbs in co, and are rarely, if ever, augmented. The iterative terminations are attached to the stem of the
imperfect and second aorist of verbs in ao by the intermediate vowel
F, rarely a; e.g. 'X —reKov, prrr-a-orKov, 06y-E-(rKe.  When joined to
the first aorist stem, these endings follow directly after the thematic
vowel* of the aorist indicative; e.g. EXdiaa-a-Ke. Verbs in pL append
the iterative endings directly to the stem; e.g. -rrd-O-KEv, ^ovv'(KerTO, E-o-KOV (= fE(-CKOV).
* The term ktematic vowel is employed here and in ~21 instead of the old designation,
connecting vowel..




THE ILIAD.


BOOK I.
Sing, Muse, the Wrath of Achilles, fatal, but foreordained.
Mitvw deEa&, 0ea, ln-knXa'86(O 'AXtxi~oq9,
'Xj'~v,ivpi 'A~atoZtq a"XyE' EflKev,
-7roxXX4 8' 100O4uov9~ #vXaLs "Ait& 7npoa-'dev
7pwcow, aivTOi 8e e"Xcapta TEVXE XVVCOOL7V
Otc)VOtol TrE wraot - IJO to3, ET EXCICTO /30vX1
'ATp648'ql TE, alva,~ a'V8pwV, Kcal 81o9 'AtXXEtV'(.
The cause: A.Pollo's piriest, Chryses, came in state with gifts
to redeem his daughter:
Tt9 Tr cp a04C0e OECaW 6pt&t ~Lvpe'?7Ke tka'XEa-cU
A'poi39 Kal tt Io9 vt09'. 0' fyap /3ao-A-i~ XoXOOEI9'
VOVYO0V ava c7TpaLToV Co ae KcaK'qV, OX6KOVTO 86\ xao4     I
ovveiccs T~V XpzoVG-7 T ar~ciev a'pnlr'pa
'AT~d'qq     o rya~p n'XOC 00d\1 e'~ vi7a~ 'A~atoWv
XVa-o/~U6Vo'9 TE Ov',ycTpi obep&JV T' a7Tepdwt' d~'notvai,
xpvo-co) a11/a c7K)prTP(), KaO  tGO07ETO 7tdVTa19 A~atoL1;,  15
'ATpe!18a &e,ta'Xto-ra UN~, lCooyi-tyjrope Xa~w



2


2           1~~~AIAA0O, A


And thus addressed the Greeks:
'ATpei~at 're Kali aXMot, eJ)KvlILt.3e9 'A~atoi,
/Ltv1.ev OeoLt 830( V'OX' trta 8(',T 6`XOvTES,,
EK7TepcTat H1ptaLuoto wo'Xt, eV' 8' ot"Ia8S t'KE'oOat,
wctia 8' C'/Lo't Xo-uat' TE Oi'Xw, Ta'  aw"7otvct   e~t, 2
iJ'6pevot zho( viov e&c,/3`Xov 'Aw6bXXowa.
Mot if5rove: not Agamemnon, who dismisses him scornfult~.
"EvO' aXMot pe~v 7aLVTe E9 revo7 497o-av 'Axatoi
atMEuT0al 0' iep-a, Ka~t adYXat \ x'Oat adwotpa,
aXX' ~ 'ATp43y8 'Aya/l.4Vowt WJNave Ov,-Lj;
a4XXa\ KaUcCo9 aWlet, KpctTepov 83 CMT /klJOOV ETEXXEV-  25
MITe, yE'pov, Ko`X?)-L  ', \7rap \ Pvcvo4 KtXELCO,
97 ZWV an OLVOVTq, 97VJGTepOV aVTt? topTa,
V)Tot ov- Xpatcl-t,~  07/WTpov Kcal o~e-TE./.c Ok
T27V 81 7\ 01) XV(/  77V7 1? CL C7c9ErtTl
77/JETepo)ew ELOutKo, eV "Anpry, T?7XO'OL 7ra'Tp979,     30
WOTOV E77-tOXyOLEP?7P KatL /wV  eXXo aVTtowO-av
a'XX W"t, /L'qI [t C'peOt~Te, c-aroTepo' C0, ICe vEqat.
Chryses depharts sadly, andfirays to Apiollojfor vengeance.
'f29 E"OaT'- E`8EtOcEV 8 o' yCprtw Kat C7rEIOETO /Lv~o.
/993- 8 aKcEco wrapa O-uta 7roXvotcf8otajoi OaXda'o-or7j,
7roXXa\ 8' `7rELT' a'7ravEvOE KIt w\ n7pa O' o yepat 0\s  35
'Aw6oXX~opt alpaiKTt, Top qw5o/Lo0S TheE A97Ta
KXf3OI JEv, 'Apy1vp0'To<, ok Xpi'cTq' aJ-kt/3E'/3flicag,
KI'XXai' TE ~aOeqv, TceV~ot' TE 'tot aaaocTet~,?
/ltvoev-, E'7roTe Tot Xapiev   erl qv  Tp~a
A               I~~~~~~~~~~~~~,,
97 ee 37rWore Tot Ka7a wsom' /1wqi7 E1C7a                40




IAIAAOB A.


3


Tavpcov q(3' aiy~oj, 7o(3e /ut K/Y p7VOV 'X Op
TU7tG~tv Zlavao Ect &uca 8'pvct ooo-tu /3e'Xecatv
Afiollo hears: and begins to stay the Greeks with his bolts.
dl2 cfaT 6VXO/JIEV0S~ TOD ( KVE' ' v Z3o9~ 'Aw6'XXcov.
/3i^ 8(3' KLT' OVAV4Lw~oto icaprjVwAV, XWOIlEVO9~ IC77pi,rl' otut e'Xw      OqPpccPa rE Oap'pn                  45
EKayc           WV ~a   OasY          C TXWO qLVt
aVTrov KtVflUeVTOS~ 0 0  7LE VT EOK)V~.
E,~Er E7TELT (L7TaVEVOC veCWV, tLT  (' t'   671E
(3etrn7 86\ KXayy?\7 ryv7EVE  apyvpE'oto /lho~o.
Oivp-qaz FLtev 71-pcoJov E7T0)XETO Ka~t Kvpa9~ apyoLur    50
avTctp EWELT aL1TGW ~08EAXO9 E'XfWELVKC\( e(J)LEgf,
a3~X    atE  3 '-7vpa\ VEKCVOJV Ka'OVTO etctt aetat.
Achilles calls an assembly, anzdprofioses to ask advice of a seer.
'EvV%1.,ap LeV cava o-TpaTov q)XeT-o K~qXa 0E0L0o
Ty Kc cTl7 8'3 aOp?7W(e KaXE(7TYaTO Xao\v 'AXtX-Xe '
Tr9yap e    ~pt ot OiqK  O      (LXKOXEVOS "Hpq           5
K~'r rya~p Javaw'v, O'Tt p'a OVI/7j-ovTa,? opaTo.
(3 EWEL' 01W 'IYEP6EV, '/.V7Y17yp'6S T' E7reVOVTO,
TOUTL (3 JIPcTTailLtevo9 ILETE10?l 7rof3aI~ 4COKv\S'A~Xe
'ATpet83y, VVV A/ijte 7'a-at71-XaYjXOE'VTaS? Ot'N
aPa7roVOOT71)OELV, et KEV Oa'vaTOV (ye (/Vy10t/LEV,       60
EL (37 0,of V'7TX/  TE (3a/.a Kca' Xoqt\L~ 'A~atoi5'
axX a?tye (3 Ttva /J4aVTUV EpEtofIev, 17 tepq1a,
K at OVetpo~rox     Kat Cyap T' ovap eK At9   0VI  ',  Cf     I      I
0(~ K eLt~O 0 TL TOUTOOV EX&J~aaTO 'I'04309 'Aw6rOXXov,V
EcT ap 0 y EVXGAX79 ETt/lke/l-LObTat, e'O' E'KaTO/.LI'fl9   6
at KEv 7Wcoq apVCOV KVWU0-779 alycoV TE TEXE(0)V
/OOVXETat aVrtaUaa9 7'i/p^t V (WO\ XOtyo~V ct~tvbat.




4


4        ~~~IAIAAOZ A.


Calch as, the soothsayer, asks leave to speak freely:
"HTOL OyCw ei7Tc'Jv icaT ap 6E~TE70 TOtFTL 8' adv-cm
Ka6XXa9 &9Ea-TopiLqy, oLwvo7TO'X&w O"X IPa'ptOT'
0'  ~ Q'r Ta7' E'OVra  67&oa,,Ta-pT     r ccvOa          70
ta T/7a~   ~s-r 'A~ateiw     IAtov etaC)
1 8uta piaVTOa-VV7'vf r-1v ci 77-Ope ~o~/oq 'AwroXXcinv'
1' (T4)t el) OPVECOV a' yOp'q7aTa7 Kcal JLLEECL~rEV
'J2 'AXLXeD", ICExcat'juE, 8do4Lxe, btv~ra-a-Oat
pvw'Aw6rXXawvoq 'KaT7fl/3X'Tao ca"   rq                 75
i-ot~yap 4E7Qw e'pEco a-l av\ a-vVOEO, Kal Huot o',ioa-aop,
't6/5V /50t, 7rp0(fip&W EWECTW K(Lt Xya-tv ap174Ew.
r/ 7yap otoat Wvpa XoXoa-E-ev, bk /ilEiya 7Ta6V7WV
'Apyek'Ov KpaTE'Et Icat' 01' wet'OOvrat, 'A~atoi'.
KpEt~a-a-l fyap /3aa-LXeV', O'TE XC~a-Eat ap8pt.Xeq         So
Etl6p 7aP TE X0    IEna av qjap Ka~a7WlrE7,
6xX6a T6 nal, /5ET077L-OEl' e`XE1 1K0701, (KfOpa TEXEa-(Tp1,
Iv a-tOEo-a-Lv 'o'ta-t a- \ 8 \ cbpdCat, d" FCC a-Ca-E
A nd A chilles having reassured him, he announces that the
daughter of Chryses mnust be restored.
To\v 8' aw7a1.tEt/30/51109V 7rpOa-Etj1y w6O8as?(' convAq X~
Oapa-ja-aq /56cXa ebC7M\ OcomrPO'tov O'Tt ola-0a            85
1Uyap 'AinX        cwva 8d  tXov, ~jr  -,KaXXaV,
elJxoIuLEvo9 %IavatcZOU OEO7rpOri'm? avcfawalEL9,
01) tS E/EV~'flT09ICC Ea\ '7\X0~o7- 8epKo/LtEVOtO,
a-o noX? 77-apa    i~a~f ap~s  EpqEI0aE
aV-Vku7TaVT7QW iAavacv  oivi8' -qv 'Aya1.i1-tvova e'npq,    910
0q VVV wrOXXo\V atpta-re~ 'Axat6^0 EVuXErat ewvat.
Kai, T70T 87\ Opa-PTa-e- Kat, ip8a 1.4a'V~tq Jp~iov
OvT ap 0 ry EUXwx)A'~17E7rt/SE/A4ETat, o10O' EKaTo'11/379.,




lAlAAOM A.


5


~txAv evECK afY17,rjpo, OV 'qTiP'qO' 'A7atku1.VoW,
oW   a7-EVE   OyaTpa, Ka& 0v1/C a'7TE ~aT a7rotva.        9
TOW/C/C ap Carye E0CVEC)3X9            '&      oe
I  1 f   \   A
oWv 0 7ye 7rptv ziaiaowo-t (teinca Xotyov a7ToXTEL,
7rpii ry daro raa-pb  c  36& ea  Etco07t~,Op
(L7IptaT77)V, aVaotL7Ovov, ayetv 6, LEp?7V E/CaTObtfqlV
C, XpVo-'qV  767OT KEy LV ktv XaOO-aab-evo6 W7rErOot/tev.  100
Agamnemnon wrathfuls~y consents, but insists on obtaining
another g~/t in flace of her.
HTt07  W 09   O naT ap ' EETO. 70TY( 6  aveOTI,
fpv'ATpEI38,q EvV/CEL'  'Ayaplkow
aXvvlkev9*  ILEV609 6\ /lkeya 4yJevE9 aJ,4p&'.tXatva&
'7Ti/.L7rXavT, 6'oo-e 8e' 01c w7vp~ Xaptwe6&To'0~   Erq'T7V.
Kc1X~al)Ta 77-p&)TLO-Ta KaK 00OOO0LEVQ9I 7rpOa-E6treV    105
MaVvt KCaKOC, OR' 77Y0Ir0T6 /JOk T \ KCp )7V0V EJ7rai
atEl T0t Ta na/C eaTTb (ffXa qopeo-i p~a TEV'co-O at,
60-OXO\V 8 OI"T6 T1 '77Y0 Et7waq E7ro0, OUT ETEXecfaa9
nat vvv ev Zlava~oZ0& Oeowrpo7i-&cov a'yopevetl?
(09 U7 T0v-8  VEC~a' (-tf)v 'E/Cfl/36Xo9 AXyea Te'xt     "10
OVVE/C ElY( KCOVp) Xao~1o        atX~ awota
OVK/ COEXOV &6'caa-Oai, EWe\ 77-oX\ /3oVXo1LaL avT'~
OnKOL EXLV    Kab ryap 'a KXVTatovrn'o-Tplq 7rpo/38'/3otXa,
/COVpfL8 I a'X6XOV, E'77-E& OD EO'0' EOT(b XepEL(0V,
07) &41Lta9, ov8\ 4)V17V, OU"T' APf (;pEva(t, OUTE TtEp.
a7tX-Xa Kat (109 EOX( A So/.Ljeva6 7dXwv, 66i To' 7y A/leLov
/30votlo1 Ey~ XaO~v aroov E~~evat A7 a~ro~eTOat.
`Apyektwv (ty4paa-T0? ea), E7wd oVO'C COMME
X.eVLrO-TET y/ap T6 7ye 7raVT769, 0 /.ot 7Epa9~ ep~eTal AXXI) 120




6


IAIAAOY, A.


Achilles says he shall have it when Troy is sacked: Agamemnon
reviles and threatens himn, yet orders Chryseis to be restored.
Thy 8' 'q/LtL3eTr e"7ret-Ta 7ro~ap/fl~ &Sos~ 'AXtXXE6"?
ATpCI'8' icie&w-7-, OtXOKTeaVOA'TaTe 7ravTcwEv
7-(Jr~ 'yap Trot %6'ovat ye'pa,~ /Ley'/O v/ot 'A~atoi';
Ti 7Tov C2,ue /1V vv?/tC KCEI/Eva 7roXXa'
aX     a 'ra I.v  wroXt~a  c4~Ewpd'Oo/Ev, rd" &8a&-rat,      125
Xao~vq 8' Ou'K 67JeotKE 7aX"X'Xoya 7TaVrT   TrayEipEtv.
Axxa, O- v l1E~v v)1) TI l)(3E OE(ft)?rpoE9n ai'Tap 'Ayato\L
-ptwrX p,  'FETpaL7-X y  T  aw 'i ro z v  at 5K E  7ro ut  Z ~eV
8wot 7r6'Xtv Tpo&nV ELJTEL~XEov E~cta'kavd'at.
Tohy 8' wa~raet,30'/EVOs' 7wpoo-6fni KCPEtV 'AryaP' vwv   130
/L\ 7   0"TCOI,  aycLaOoS,  7TepE ( C Ov,  QcEQEIK EX  'A ytX?,ei3,
/XCXEITTE vo'et0, E'7rTE ou' 7apEXvcT'uat, ovSe /tE 7TEIGWEtS
7'7 eOe"XctS Okfp' av'T0\; E  pl lyepa9~, aVrap E/L aVT(O9
coOat 3evu6/.kGVOV, KeXcat e PIe -r Wv' aw7o~oiv-at;
J  et'EI,it\V  &,%-ovo-t  ycpas- 1.zEyaJOvI/ot  'A ~atoi',  135
apo-V-r9 nrczOU/IOV, WW901 (ailT 01V Cgo-rat'E t   6 E E  e   /17 7   co W t,   7 ) ( E K E  a U o  E X O /
rEoP   i) A t'a v'-o9  h v  ry'pat,  ') 'O0 Svo-o
c  CO E -i   0   (E  KEV   K EX oV O- 'r t, 01  KE   L ol-at.
a'XX' 7Tot /1ev TEaDTa PCLTa~fpao-0/I.Eo-0a Ka~t av~rt(.     140
Viv aS' yE v1'a lE'Xat1av c'pvi%-co-ov Ek aoXa 8t'av,
6~ (S Epc~as' E7rtT?78E(?a' (L7t'pO/IEV, E9? (S E'KaTO/J4377V
OEIO/I.EV, cAv (' ai>'-r7v Xpvoq!(Sa Ka-XXt7ra'pyov
)Thob-teP' E1  (S  a(9  X k  avp    f3ovXflOfpoq  EO-T(o,
'~A l~as,  y7  I(O/1EVCEL'  q7  KSt0   O0 3V(TCTEV9,        I45
i76 o-t,IH77XE! 78, 7ra'VT&V EK7rayX6'-aT' aJv(p(Ov,
OcOp' 77/tLY cEKaiEpyov t"Xa(oTcTat lepa p'ea9-.




IAIAAOI A.


7


Achilles refi5lies: We have foughlt and toiled for you, and now you
threaten to take our sj~oil from us: I will return to Phthia.
Thy 8' a'p' v'w63'pa 18(%w 7poo-4j 7r&38aS' (O'KJ~ 'AXLXXEV'1
(A) /LoL, avatf3t'7p) e7FLEtILEVE, Kep&aXeO~pov
7r&) TIS' Tot7P      t wp  p-ra~tL  TEO)tL&'~ev           150
o1" ytp ~Tpctl)(Aw gCic'K `XvOov alXyt?7TaaWv
86v-o IXi~-61-evo~ -e7etC ov~ 7t I.Lot a'irtot eto-tv0v1) 7Ct w7ro'r Lt( /3of'(?'Xac-av, oiv,E L  L4r7T0v9,
W'' oTr Ev' '~1O9   Aai3W cLK, /3(A)Ttavetp,          5
KpWl' EyX 'a-avT`  EWE I) FtXa 7roXX \ /ke-ra~b
Ovpeat TE OKLcoeLYTa, OacaOa' -re?7'xqeo-o-a
Ax~ A u1 O4 to 1uy' alvatUs~, a`4t' eron77ro/IEO, 6'5bpc ov Xatp~,
TL/L?77V ap~vvJEvob MCVExap6, crot -re, Kvvco7tra,
n-p  Tpa.w   - 7(2 ov Trt /JzeTaTpE7Tp, OW  X74E9        6o
Ic  LoL ryepas~ avmr t4k traeaOt~w~~~
T 1     1 -xx
(0 CM7ro  poya-a, &)'oa-Cp U /tot vkE,~ 'A~at(w).
01) /LE a-ro  7TOTE V a-Ol) 76XV&/Oq y XEpoto
TpXcipev ewlpo-tEa-'voi a-rap cvv 7i-ToXe 8pOTjaXVo IT  /LEVa 77Eo V wovtnoEyaX ' X\p-6,, 8 'iot O165 l`OV
0-aV TO 7Epcit s'0WOl) -LqV', E~~t?7t 0rX OXL7TCOZ CTE [)XV 'r
6El'O aLT(t/LO~ Jw', a"CPci~O9 Kat 7rXol Trov lv) ev
Agamemnon answers with scorn, and vows to take Briseis,
Achilles' catitive, from him.
Thov (3?7/IEI/3eT' 6e71-eTa a~va4 a6(3pO'w 'Aya1iutivtoVW
cJ~vye/LX, t Ot  6/09 C7GE-0-VTCLt, ov(3  -ct




8


IAIAA02 A.


Xuaco/tcetv elcE qe/LEo FlCPevLP 7rap e/.LOL7E Kat aLXXot
Ot ICE /LE Tt/tp7(TOVat, /LtAXLO-Tca 8' /L.pITtCTa ZEP',.  175
ExU070ToSq 8Sc ptot' eOrt& ZtoTpceJwv /3a0-tX?7O)0V
atel ryap Trot 7pt E Ire Xyk, 7r6'Xe/_oi' Te, zX T -e.
E&,LuiXa KapTcpo's Eo-at, NOe? 77tOV  0b TO 7y E(SWKEV.
OtKa8` 10W cV~V W?7v(7I TE o?7; KatL uo'0L9 ETaipoL(tl)
MvpptktSovco-a-tv avac-o-c  TeOeP (S E7u) ovWEA a~yi Co,   i8o
o,"'bOo/,Lta KOTEOZT   I7 7TEXI7Y  (S4086 To Ot C
co elku a'oatpetTat Xpvo-q!Sca 0PoF,/%s 'A 7r X-Xcv,
T F IEJ) E7&() EYVV V7JL T' Eft  Ka~ EbOSE(LOtL
7r44o,    8 /S K' "'ya Bptaoq!Sa KaXXt~rp7P
aITO  VO KXLtU7P`(SE8, To\ (TO             'N~k El 8L(y?   8
0O-0-O 0fEpTEpOS' Et'lit 0-COEP, 0-TVryEy 8e\ Kat adXXos;
Ioo   Ito \/xo-Oat Kati O/LtaO  f.J11a aT~)
Achilles, doubtful what to do in his wrath, is checked by A thena.
~'J2l 4a'TO  FHiqXctaw&t (S a%09, ryEVET, EV) (c Ot I)TOP
(YOE0-0-tP Xaulo tatt (Scv(StXa pel.Lcp/kpLev,
77 0 eye fao-iavov 6~ epV0 O4levo"~ 77apat Ivpov3        I9o
TOv~ IEJ a va0-Ty0-ctcV, o  ' 'ATpci{(Sv 'vapt'~ot,
oE XXov 7avco-ctev, EP?7TVG-EtE TE ov1L.
401~O Tay0 co5p1LatvecKaTa\ cfp'vatKacti Ka-,a' Ov/i'v
EXKECTO (S' EK KOXEOFO,aE'ya ~icfoos,?JXOE (S' 'AOwq'7
vavoc      onp ryap 77K Oa XKOEVS fp,195
c'4tfdci O'a&^( Ov~tLt3 XotV0V-a' TE K77(O/LEP-q TE.
0-77(' " t~cv, ~cavOq' (S" KO/lJS' eXC II?7XCtw'&va,
OL9 qltV/~tV17 TO) 0  NO          opcaTO.
Oap./377ev (S' 'ALXt~i/,, -LETa\ (S' ETpOa'CTET  cLVT[LKa (S' g7YPC
1rIa'XVXa(' AOvau'ri)v  (Setc\0 8S' ol Ocru  OaL~I'aOev.  200
Kal /Ltv bOcnopa 'c'arc `a 7rTTCP0ETa 7Tp00-77v(a




IAIAzAO: A.9


9


TI'n-r'r avrT auyLoXoto AzLo~ TucoQ~, Elxlz~XovOa9
19  f/  &    I
y zavI3p  2y 'Ay7a/E/l)0V0   LLoTpd-toO
dxx   "c ro  'po    TO  Ka' TeX~eo-Oat ow
1~ 7repow-iyo-t -ra6x' av wrore Ov/15u 'X' 'o —y 205
Size bids him abate his aziger; and lhe obeys.
Tohv 8 aV76 TErpOo-CLt7re Oca' yXavKOt(-7rtL 'AOp?)XOov E'Y' 7xcaYvco-vaa To Coo ILEVOS~, a't Ke 7wiOyat,
oipV  Oev   7Tp0 8 /22KE Oe ' 'XevK&   uS''H
atchl) o/Lo';I OV~ta cJLE'OVO-a TE K278OjtEP27 TE.
aXXwyc x77 ept0' 'L73      ifO   X    eOxtpt           210
dx' 7 Tot EWE7-OLtV /tEl) OlJEI&3t(OV, O),S 'oE(TaTC 77-Op.
Tep ya  o op, TO 8 Ka' rTrTxeo-/ItE'vo  EO-Tat
Kat ViOTE rot rplls roo-o-t wrap~ro-oreat d   8a 3p
i43ptos' otyona T270-SO o- O-' HTOCO,?wELCO 8' 7?/.ttv.
T~v 3'' dawcsLt/306p-LlvoI 7po-&frO' Vw'8a, cA'u)KV '~AXtXXOV- 215
Xp77 jLE c-qx)t`rpov- rye, Ocad, e`7o~ elpi'o-o-ao-Oat,
icat /Laxa 77-Op OV/1L~t) KE%~Ox(o/L.C'Vv~ OS yap a.LLetv'ov.
0S; KO Oeo'tS~ ' 7Tt7TOiOrat, paxa  - elcXvol aVTOV.
'H  zcat 6'7' adpyvpcy         We0r1   Y xeO -1c fcapoe
UaJP*  E'S Kov-Xeou (A)00 yLea ~toos, ov5' adwitO27o-v    220,ttOO 'AO27vai9  15 -  8'O xu`-Xv1 —o'~   f3O327c
&OJ-LaTr 6? atyto~oto ZAto`S; /Lkcra` e8ctovaz' acXXovs?.
Ackulles charges Agamnemnon with cowardice: and swears by his
staffthat tke Greeks will one day find the waizt of him.
HyqXod2v9 8' C~av-rt" adrap-rq7povs' EWz~oo-tv
'Arpot3&q 271) poo-E'eW, Kcal ovi'wo xq7yo xoxoto
Olpo/3ap&',, Kvv)9o\,z 01tar' o'xco, npa'vS 1218' 'X 'poto 225
V7 '77O     71-oOLo1 a/L Ia~~ 0        W27 at,




10


10            ~~~IAIAzA02 A.,VVTE X6oi'xov' IIE'at a-vv a4pta vqco-o-t 'Axat~l'V
TETX~wKaLS Ov/l&J.' —r' T ot(3   K701  p EL'&Tat civat.
'q~ 7TOXV' XCOLJ'OV EJGTt KaTaL o-Tpa-rol cvpvv 'A~aco&v
aw~ a7roatpetcr-Oat, 0'a-Tt9 oc'Oev aJv-riov ctwy.723
8,~o,80'popo9 I8aotXcus,, we'v' obrTt(a3otvo-tv avacTuetS.
2) 7p av, 'Arpe! q, 1iv.oac         roato.
a'X)X eK/ 70t E'pE&o, Kcai E'7rt [kE/7CaV 5"olKov 6/LkovLat
Va 6[a 0(6 o-Kq)7rTpOV, TO [1E o~voTre 0bXXat Ka\ t
vo-a, EWE~t8y 7tp(WTa TofLIvJI' E OE0-ect1 XE'Xo1tr7E,  235
ovW8 ava0?)X?)oc- 7e wp I yap paE XaXKoS eXE~4fEl
0b iXXa T6 Ka~t OXoto'v - vi aihTe [tv vlcs~ 'A~at(i(v
v  axcpys- Oop5 ovt 8ttKa0-7T0Xot, o'TE O'/1 —S
7wpo' Z1Itk EtpvaTat, 0 3e, T0t [1E'7a1S cuoc~at1 opKco9?1 77OT' 'AxtX-X~o9~-~ Trojr t' Tat vt'as~ 'AxaLOJV     240
(Yvp7rav~aS~ TOt(S ' o(3 7OU TIp 'cvieat a'xpv/tc,6LE(JS 7Tep
Xpa[1tccv, 6)7 aLv 7oXXot i5'b' r/ElTopoq, av(3pooopoto
OW1)GYKOVTC(' W77r77T(00t o-i (3V'8' CW o OILov[ a~w L'fLtE1S'
W    I 0          'Axtvo'cvcT-a.
XO)OLevoS' 0 7 ap to-T-oy     a   ihp    ~oa'
~'f2~ (fa'T0 Hy'Xcl(3y'71 7OT't &3 O-K)fprTpoV 8' /Xe eyaiy, 245
Xpv0cELOtS' 9)joto-t wme~appELVOZJ, C~e0 (3 avO(
The aged Nestor advises moderation: let them listen to him, as
heroes of old have done, and lay aside wrath.
'A~rpdct(3m ' (3  Tc'pCOOl) E[LJ) VIE. TrotL (3 E N Crr-wp
177(Verm  a opoVo-C, Vy~ Fl  (WV ayopi7771',
TOV Kat at7o yXWOo-qS 1LLExtTo9~ y1XVnicoV /(EV av'N'5
c3('&~(to [1V -Le yc7)cat [1Ecpo77t0VawLVpLoWLOV        250
ecfOiaOt', O( t 01 wpOo-OEV a[La rpaoev m('8 E7,E'VOVTo
Ep I1V'Xo 7'ya~b7, pLETa E3 TpTaToto-tV apaccoeVo 0-0tEV 6 OfpOVE'Cop a"yopq'o-aTO Kai, peLEctE7TeV




IAIAAO2 A.                I


I I


'dt2 7TOWOL0v,1 /,ltya wE'vtOoS' AxatL~a yctal) bca'VEL
icev ryyOroat, Hpi'qto9, Hpta'.oto6 Tre  ae             255,iXxot -re Tp    lerya cep lce~apot~aTo Ovpuo,"
66 u-~Cov Ta'& ra'vra 7-vOQtaTro lzappalt/evottv,
Tr~pt[t~l /3OX?71 ZI(VC, 7Wept,' 3 ET   fEOOat.
axxapl wkeO'v   Ctov frL 'v  av p~~~~)E(TTOCEt 0.L
'7~J a'p WoT' ey/(\) Kait a'peto(Ytl,?77evep i',q'tv,  260
av~pa'o-tv (OftkXca, Kca~ oU"77ToTG /L ot' y a Upt~,ov.
Ov~ rycp, 77wToto  tuOl) atvipas'      o/Jetm at,
dtov JIletpL,0ov -re Jpviacura.rC, 77-Ot[tlkev Xac'ov,
Katuea T' 'E~a'Mv Te Kcat avTtOEOZ' liIo-XlOyov.
[&19qe'a r' Avyc~yv, E7rLEIKEXOl) aava7-roLOtv.]26
Kap~trtTot?7KEZVOt, E7rtXOo~t(Vi   T-pa'c~tV aV~pawp
KapTtYTot [tevl eOcav, Ka~t Ka~pTto-TroLS eIlLaXovTo,
Obrpcotv O'pEuo-Koto-t, Kat, c/,cway/Xw) at6roXco-oav
Kat L&tev TOItW-t EY&J( [EOO/.I-Xeov, EK HIIVOv exocc'v,.rnXoOcv e~ awiiq, yat'7S?  KaXeOG-cavro yap ac~tv~      270.
Kcat pLaXo/k?7 Ka7T ept aVTOIV Ey&t)  KEIVOtct 8T   OVrt9
Tom, Ob 1VVV I3pOTrOt ELJL-V e77-tXfOlltOt, 1-a~IO
Kcat    [LEte /3OVXEC1)v ~VVPCEV, 7TELOQYTO 7rc /LVO0p.)
aXXa    WcT10e0 Kca\ [[ESEE 7TeIoEOOa apltetov.
(L? TE - TV 707lS, a'tya~o's' 7wp eco'v, a~woatpCO KOvPJV,25
a-XX' ea, 6n ol C 7pJ)a &o-av ryepas' vtc, 'AxaLLyw
It)7TE tTV, lIfyxaL8n, "OEX' ept 4vat /3ao-X~fi
t1   E&OVOOO/        0L7S c-L/iop6 Tt/JkS
tTKIJWVTOVXO9~ /3awmAcVs, O'.TC ZEV\I KV-80' E&OJKEV.
et. oe0v KapTrEpOI ECO0L, OECL & (YE yeivt'7ao u.t'T77ip,  280
'ATrpEI'8', OV U?rav-e TrEot' pkvor~ av~nap cyrorye
Xicoo-2t 'A~tXX-i [tEO/lwev Xo'-ov~, ON [teyat 7actv
pK9'Axat~o-Lv 7,EaL-Xaw/ELOO




12


12               ~~~IAIAAOM  A.


Agamemnon fileads tlat Achilles'firide is intolerable: andAch illes1
re5 lies that he will not obey. As for the mnaiden, he wi/i not resist her surrender: but he defies themi to take any thing else.
Toy 3' a'Wa/1L/t30/~LCV0S~ WPOO-'yl ICploWP 'Ayacte.voWV   285
vat 37TVa E7aTyepov, KEaTaL 1-totpay ectLWE9.
aXX' o3' av2p WeXlEt 7r~p~t 7Wa'PTGV E/lkILEVat atXXUwV,
7n6ravcov I-LEv KpCaTEELv EOEXE, 7WaPTrE0CT 3' da'oaTOEL,
7raOt    097/q1LatveLv, a ItLv 01) WrtoeLJEJa 0otcD.
EL3 [67 aLf97Ve"Oeo-ap Oeo~t alePv EOVTES,                   29
TOUVEKaL oL 7rpo06eoVo-Lv Ovel3 Eca [LvOW7-acOat;
Top 3' ap' v~wo/3-Xn'3v ni)-eli/3ETo 87os~ 'AXA-XXE1'
) 'Yap KEy 86txos, rE icat ov-rt~av\, /naXco4"/'v,
EL39 (0\ 7TaV " p7V VrEI~o[Lat, OTTL KEPV ELT77
atX-Xoto-tv 3,q -TaDT- E'vtTE'XXeo, IL?\ ya'p E[l0(7e        295
cntmtvLl   01) yap Eryo) 7 ErtL (706 7TELo-E(YOCa  -OLj.
adXxo 83' rot epE'O, oU 3' E't Ope&i /3a'xxo o-17otv
XCpot /L'zV OVTOL Ella) rye itkaXo-o~iat t e(VKa KOVP?7)~,
OTe ooi0 O?3   TO aXX7)    7tE 7kwEE       E yE     TI~
70)7) 3' a"XXOw, 'a p-Loi e0-7 Ooy w apt v#( /IEXatv,        300
ELy3' ayE [Uj 7ct/py-at, rva ryvao'oi na~t ot3
E~at/C Tot at/La KEXaLIvoP ep(097(G-tE  7EPI 80Upl'.
Cliryseis is se9It away, and sacr~fces are offered.
~'l~~ '4 7'av~/?io-t 6EL%70~,I~kvw  7rcECTO-tv,
cavo-TIT?7-v  Xvocav 3' adyop2)v wapat Pqvt07 'AXatcov.      305
H97XE~qy~ IL~ E'7Tt KcXtct(a, Kcat P?17a,? EtG-aS
97L (7P T  ME0LTC~y Kcat 0tl ETapoLO-tzv'
'A -rpd3   3',~  dp a v,-7a  o nv a"Xa~c 7rpoepVO-cTEv,
~~ 3' 6'EpE-a(~ e~lptPeP JELKo(tP, GS,~ 3 JtcaTO/J43'ql




IAIAA02 A.


'3


g-c   ceq'y'cavac'v  Xpvo-t(3ctaKaX-Xt~ira'pyov          313
EI(Tev  )v   a'pxo k'/3y')XV/J TV9 '8O(3ooeq
01LEYC\ EWEtT' a'va/3a'VTE? eWreWXEOV v"yp t KE'Xev~cL,
Xaot', 3' 'ATpei`( ~ aWvoXkv/LalveO-Oat a~vwoyeJ.
oi W3aWX/LLVOTO, Kal eLS~ aa XV/atk      e~Xo
8p(ov (3' 'Aw6X oW& TEX'q7E(T(7CL EIcaT'/l/3aS          315
~-ip W  ' airyc  ' v7rap \ OFv 6X?Tpuyv7 o
KCPLO7) (3oipavOv tKev, e'Xt  op-1.k'' wEpIC Karv(O'.
Ag-aamemnon sends heralds tofetch Briseis from A chilles' tent.
t`12~ 01t /kE\V TE a\?7E'VOVTO KaLTa o-TpaTrOV  OV1 8 'Aryapefl',.tvw
I V                     \   A
TW O ICOYWa K'qpUKE Kal& OTPflpC OeupatoVTi-e
"1EpXEO-OoV KXtGLcYUqv LbqXqfia'8o 'A~XA'o10
XE\S EXOVT' ary'Lev Bpwftuq!cLa naX'Xtwapo
Eb (3e KE /U7' 8(0'?ALtLV, E"w \ 8 KuZ aVT~s eXo~pat
E'-OC\Ow o-v' 7XEOZJEGOGTL  To Ot Kat ftrytov 6crTa~t.   325
'f~EtWTCW 77POiEt, KpaTCpO\V (3' E'r~ 1,ui3Oov gTXEV.
They go reluctantly: but A ch illes welcomes them and gives them
the maiden, making them witnesses of his wrongs.
TW ( CLEKOTE    ariv 7rapca OW aXo9~ a'''OT  ^'e\ TpVryETOtO,
MfVpbtt3o'VO) (3 eWIl TE KXLjIas' Ka~t v7)(L9 tIKE'0T'qV.
TOP (3 'ev[pov Wrapa TE KxL(ty KE1 p?7,XCaI'
27/L.epOov(3'8 a~pa TO) rye tL&(Ov 71OflTev 'A~iXAXcE
TC,LEP Tap/3277cravT6 Kat ai(3ope'vO) /3aotXya
GTaTpV 6  eyv   po-tv e pIoEawe(v  EV(3 TC'p'vo
Xa'ipET6, K' MUETj, Jto\ Qt dyyXot qIe\ natbdvpco,




I4


'4               ~~~IAIAAOM   A.


co-oov Z-T - ov TL /-Ltotv-t,?/kESvatTiztOt, aXX  ')Aya1.iE.vwOv,  335
0 o-~C-N 77pot"t Bpwt~o-q', ELVEKa Kov'p?7).
a~x   ay/e, Zitoyeve', HcLTpO'lcXetL, e~aryE KOVP?7V
Ka4 G*)frV ~O" ayetv.   T&)   aro     apLT~O  6cTTW)V
7Wp09 7re Oe(ow) juaKa'pwv, wpos TE OV?77T&W a'vOpaWw7CV,
Katrp&     TolJ /acto-XIo9 a7T?7vE0'o, et?ror-E 8,q ai6   340
XPeta-) e/I-'t ryv7vTa cetiEea Xoyv apkvvab
Trot 'Axxotc~., rya'p i 'y' o'Xotj"o-t cfpeo-\ 8Oe
TL Gevioa cL,7poo0o- Kat 607TL0orc0,
Gwww~ vi  Ap  yo    of ob /aye'ovo'AXcatol'.
* "J2? Oa',ro  H la'-poKcxo9? c3\ OtiXw CE7Jre77~OEO' E'Taipq)  345
EKc 8' acyaye,cXtoi%'7 Bpto-1qSa KaXXt7-a'p~yov,
MOJKe 8' a'yetv. -r'   av-Tt~ I+qv wcapa vqa, 'AXat~wv
iq 8 aLe'KovcY a/lea-ot 'tOL 7yVVy KIEV.
Achilles sits alone on the shore, and com,0lains to his mother Thetis.
AiVTap, 'AxtXXe\
~atcplo-a9? ei-a'pwtv Joiap Ce'r~EO VO~oW  Xcaoeis~q
Ow' 4b' a'Xo\, voXvq-', 6o'P'v''v  \ QLtvo7ta rO'VTOV     350
wroXa\t,     6ipp ~b~  p-aTo, Xetpa,~ opeyvvi;
M?76p, JIXCb /Lk e"TEKES~ ye tLLVUVOaC&o'V 7rCPep o'v-a,
Tt/L?1V 7rep [Vkb OL /ex-xev 'OX '17-10os E/yyvaXti~at,
Zev~i VvfpeJcT7         v 1  3 ol,6 I-Le rVTOO5V ETLOev.
' ~p[  'Arpet~q/ eu'pv~pewo  'Ayct/e'L~uv             355?)Tt1/LJ7LTEv EXW y oap ejyet ryepas~, aVUTOS~ a7rovpaW~
She ashs him the cause of his grief.
'dl29 Oa'-O 8a'Kpv XeCOv T- l -rv^   C"Kxve to'Tvta et 71A
1l/LeWI7 E/ IE'vOeo-(7tv a'o q?-rap '-ca-p. ryE'poVw.
Kap7raX;/LIasg ~' aV~e'v 77ToXtL( a'Xo',g- 'qVT L'tXXqP




IAIAzAOY A.


I'5


Kat pa 7napotO' a'~-~  KO'ECTO7    Lp     779           360
XCLPi Te /hztl KaTepe~CV, 6EW0S T7 ec/aT, C/C T 0P0[L6'E1
TK,TZ' K-XcLILS  I Iocis /p'va,~ KETO wV'VOo';
14'ai'8a, /.L'7 KE1JOE z&o  Z'a el~olkv a1t'L4co.
He tells the tale, how Ghryses took his daughter back, and
Agamemnon stole away Briseis.
Tbv 3\ I3ap' 1) CTEMaXoW 77-poo4~i w6&ias (Ocv'K~ 'AXL'XXe'.
Oa06E  TI?7 TOt Tav-T Et'M?  'rPT'a~~oJ               6
V2X OAL 0E~ I0 &/i7v, iep7)V 7wO'Xut 'HETL'6LovS(,
T?)V &M ft-paOO/L.kEV TE, Kat rflo0,LLEZ C7)OdCL 7ra'VTa,
KL Ta /El                  a t7-v~  LT  LEii~ ~  'A~at&~
Ic gS X0o) 'ATp6t"&Xvnit&    7caX    awppo
Xpiuqp~ 8' aD-O', lep~v\'JS'Ka~,cc0rn'XOV 'AwO'XXcovo,10 ~  370
7?XO~e Ooa\s Eil~ vqcas~ 'AXatL'0 XaXLoTOt'P6jjv',
XVa-6[.LCP0' TE Ov'ya-ipct, oeb4W p T a7 JCpEt0c-t' dI-twoa.,
OTE/.L /LaT Ex)1 Vl XEP(-tL CKy/3OXOV 'A0~o
Xp?~eW ava o~q-KJrpp), Kat tXLJETO wvdmas~ 'Axatov~,~
'A-rpe!(Sa &S /i'XZXUTa cSVCO, KOU 47LJ)ope Xaw'v.      375
CPO' a"XXot fLe\P 7tavTES~ E7TEV( /'1Luqav 'Axawto,
aAecy Oa' 0''  -ja Ka ayXa' UIOat a'7roj
aXOK'ATpcISy" 'Ayap.z1.vovt W~(ave 0vj-w,
aXXa KaK 0( 6  OctEt, KpaTEpol) ( e'7TL tkVO00l) E"TEXEU.
X()O/.IEV09~ 8 O' Y/P6P 7C~t ft'-' XIETO0 o0t0 (S 'Aro"XXcov  380
Evaf  7~vTKOVOYev, 67TE& f1aka  01 -toq~ev.
7KEc (S E7r' Apryew- Kav /3IXo,~ o' (I Pv XaoL
0Vr/O-KOV       / ac'~0L   a  'C7-6X7oK~X   Oeoi
7rat'T?7 cavact  paTO7) Evpvl A~atwv.  aq#t (SE /haLTCS9
ev) et(CS (AL7 aopEve OE0rpo7tia, 'Eca'ToO              385
aVTLK E7Ca) 7rp&)T0'~ KEXOFJLrn) OEOV L'XaJcKe(7Ot



i6


IAIAA02 A.


'ATpeIOJ va (3 ec7retTa X/o Xa'/3ev  a     a 3' a~cva-erd?pTELX?)-EV /JAI o, 03 ThTECO7JevoS ETTtV.
TV /.LV yaP G ovv zn7 Ooj EXLKO7FE' IA~ato\
El XpVIO-y1V 7TE/L7Tov-tLv, -l7OV-tL 8e\ (3cpa aZvalcTI  390
T'I71) 8(\ vJeov KXLO-U?7Oe)) C/3aiv KIc PvUK ay-omreS~
ico /pcqv Bpto,'os~, T v pot (30o-av vles' 'AxatL-w.
And bids her intercede wi/li Zeus, by her former services to him,
to aid the Trojans.
aXXa oi         'acat, Eb v  -~ata ye, '7TEPW0XC0 7r 0(3  EJq~l2
c'XOoio'a OL'fxv1.wr0v(e Al'a Xtoat, e't ToTre 87; rt,q ewret Swvicra,~ Kpa~tyv JtIe6, 7)E Kait 6epyp.39
WrOXXa'Kt cyap oEco 7arpk evi peyapoto-tv aKovo-a
EvXoFLEmp7S, OT C07locYOa Ke-Xat~eEcfJC Kpovtcovt
Mvaava',ot-t v aECK  ~ Xoy    ajti6vat,
07=76r IUV ~vv(3-o-at~ 'OXVl4LWroL WOexov t'fxxot,
r/H  8\ i   HIoG-t(3'Ow Kca\ HaXMa4 'AO~v.           0
4XXa\ a-v\ Toil y' ElXOov-oa, Oea', vi7weXV'ao 8ec1.LC'tV,
CO'X eKaTo7xctpOV KaXE'oao-Y E9, /laKpO\V OMvp~ov,
ov Bpta'p,660 KaX~ovo-t Oolo, da3pes~ (e -re w~~(
Ab~yaiwv'-o yap avTrE /t3iy o~ 7wa-po, 4petvwvn   ~a wrapa KpvlVt Ka~e t~elcropo, KV26C yalo           405
'roy~at ~wl(etcav,~aaKapes' Oeol, o'(3l'r' ~'(3yoav.
'r i Vvfv pLuv /flflaa-a 7rape~eo, KUXa/3  ovv
at KEV 77-(&S EUCyoLtv E7T i  E0tV apq
rovl (3 Kawa\ 7wpv/Jplas 76e Kat auf' aXa C'Xoawt 'Axatol)9
KTELVO1&VOVJ~, wva 7TaVTES' Evravpowwat /3aortX9Jos0I,  410
y' (3\ Ka\ 'ATpe!t(3yI evpZvKpetcv 'Ayalte'va
27V aT'qv, o 'r apto-Tov 'Axat w)v oiv'(3'v E"Tto-ev.




IAI AAOS A.              '


I7


She grieves for him, but fi romises to firay Zeus, when he returxi
from his banqueting witk the Aethio15ians. Then she deharts.
Thy S'  el/.EI/E1  Eli-Etra (9-rtq xara' 8ClICpv Xeovw
ptot, '6cV0V 4Lo'v, TiI v' a-' 4`rpcoov, abW i-EKO'aa
a"O' 6'ObEX6 wrapi vflvo-Nv a'8 Ip~o    xa'triuov      45
2)oatOc f'7el vi -rot alo-a pldvvvO6 'irep, ov~ Tt pxct &5v
vvv 8' 61-ca Tr coiKv/.topo9 ica~ 4yo'v?~ 'rept n-7rvrtrov
6r~e - 6 G6 KalK?) ato  TEKOV  [tE16a'poto-Wv.
TOVTO 86' Tot f'Epovo-a 4'wor~9 Ad- T~p7rtKEpaV'Vcp
Ct/ airi)'n-  O'Xvlk'irov 'tovvtcfov, a'i ice 'rt'Oq'&  420
ctXXa\ a-v\ tev vv-v vflV 'n-ap?7'1LEVO4? aMiOKVW-Wt(t
lqt~v' ''Axaoo- tv, wroXe'Fov 8' aw7orau'co 'irvt to  'liaiiakrav.
Zev\, rya~p e9,!2icEavo~v pe' aJ itovaq Al~towr?"ca
%X0>9 '/' Kara 8a-kra, Oeol 8' calta 7ira'VTe~ 6wovrOO
C8oi81ar &7'   r   T   AV- x8 ot air' EXEVO-Er eat 09' vji7-6v8,  425
icat TOTr ewetra rT0 Etl" Ato~ 7-rOT~ XaXKo/3aTiE~l &6',
xal,.ttv rf/ovvaco-fal, Kcal ~ttV weirtrEoOat 3itco.
t-f2 cApa Ocfovyo-acr' A97r/3,840ETO r Tv 8' g`Xtwr' aV'ToVxv~6/evv arc     ovv E'v~'ovoto yVvaLKco9,
r1j Aa /3' AKovro9 a7rflv'pOw.43
Odysseus arrives at Chryse, and restores Chiysefs.
Av'Ta~p 'O8voa-ack
&9 Xpi~crqv &'avev, ArYwOV tep77v EiKaTrop,3flv.
ol 8' ore 8\) Xtpe'vog 7ro'kvfeOA ' E VT\9 LOJO
Io-rca p~ev a-reiXaVro, 0'aav 8' e'v vnt,hEXa'tv?r7
&rv8' iVo-roKx  e'Xac-av, 7rporovotc-cv 4'r9
KcapwraXi,(0eo  T\P) 8' 619 b'pbkov wr0poe'p-oav e'perpow.  435
ex 8' cvval~ 9,3aXov, icara 06 7rpv/hVq-t' eoqo-avr




IAIAAOS A.


CK 8c &Kial avr4I factivov J-r pn"y7tivt OaXa/com)
'CK 8' E'Karo'p43,v /3i-o-av 6'Kq7/3oX(O 'Aw6'X-Xwvt
E7EL   E 8W&       V
wap  I~X60 ' XIEP~r T'06t, Kat/L' 7TOO0tTE
9f2 Xpi'oxrq, 7rpo ' I267repLLev Aiva4 aJv~pwv 'AycapE/[Vl)vw,
'rE?8a  oo6 0 vyE,alLe'V, 4P150113 9' t'epz'v E'xa-rOp43,q
fect& i'wrep Aavaw-v, 6'"bp iXaa6,tteo-Ocs a~caKTa,
vv'Apyeiowat 7roXJo-Mov     K?7  EJOJEV                445
Chryses receives her gladly, andfjirays A15ollo to avert the pilague.
'if lt& 6fbiX7rV  TOv cSpo COIet O' 8' ICXEL dT o E XalrO/4 V
J~Ctqp? Eo-Tilo0av EVO/ff)7TOV 7TEpt, /%pov
X~epvt aVTO ' e`7r~tTa Kica4 OVXQXV'rTaq av'eXOVrO.
TOUTCV 8& Xpv'o-,, /,eyaX' EVXET~O, XeZpaq avaa-Xawv       450
KXi'OI /ev, 'Apeyvp6o~'T, O?)s Xp'O-nV JIfkt,3E'/3flcas,,
Kt'>XacV TrE ~dO'aO7, Teve'8oto' TE 70/1 avaaoffetq
771.z~v S'q 7oTOT eJ(SevJ ra'poq EKXveSq ev'~a/lEJw,
Tt/L?70'-a9 1.kv ~Lep, p47a 8' t~ao Xao~v 'Axatc'twv
7'7' 7"Tt Kat, 7niV',.ot To867rCtKp) 7)VOV e'CX0Jp        455
i)&  viiiv Zavaow-wt aelKea X~tovy  aiw ivov.
'i2sg EcaT' EVXO'ILEVO? TOO 8 EKXve (PoFj8ol 'Awro"XXcaw.
They sacr~ftce, feast, and go to rest.
avap e     ifE~p Ev csarO Katl oU'XoxV'a 7T 3XovTrO,
atiXpvc-aw lkEV 77pcWra Kcal 6`oa4~v Kai, e'Etpav,
T~pi  7  C~Ta/5oV, ica'a TE Kwo-a07JCXVC,46
P9i7P-'v/c VI OU0~79    w   i'~      '  tso~v'r vocw
5C04E   \~r oY-X'r?  0 7 JXOv, E7r\ 8' atOOma olpov




IAIAzAOI A.


'9


XE~e    VEO veot 86'ap' LVT-O'v ENO V 7WE/il7T'jpoXat Xcpot
av'cap WE? Karca In~p eKa/q, Kat o-7TXa'yXv/ E'7TaO-av/To,
/LLOTVXX~/7ac TLXa, Ka\L Jb',3E'XOh,-tv ~wp               6
0O7tT?7O(Ll/ TE  ptac'o, epvJcavTo TE 7Tav-Ta.
av7-cap c~EWE 7I-avo-avTo 7T7lopo, TETvlcol/To rE 8atTCa,
3at'PVzrr' Oi'86' Tt OVILL\I e3EV'ETro 8aLt-r E0?S
avrap E7-tE, 7TO0-LO KatL E87?TVO9~ E~ Epol) ElTO,
'CO Vpot /Il/ KP97TV7paS~ E7cT7-E(T avPCZ)o 77OT060O     470
l/O)/~qo0al/ 3 apct 7WctOv, ewrap~a'jLzPOt 86Ewaiec7tvl.
0 e\ 7TavlWy.e tot [.LoX77Ty OE\OV tXaOYKOVTO,
KCaXol/ LLEL80VTE9~ 7ra ova IotpO 'AXat0'V,
Pe  aO/Ts tnepyoiv o 3e epv         TEpWE   a   ova.
'.HlLo9 3'?7EtOS~ KaTe3 U, Ka~t E'7Tt KVEcL9'a 2/XEZ,  475
8'\TO'TE KOLFtjzqa-aTO 7rapa 7rpvAlxv70La v?76o?.
And at dawn re/urn.?7l09, 3' 17'ptrye'vEa obal/? pO8O8a'KTVXOSI'Hp
Kat, TOT e~rELT aLlayoV/TO /JIETa o-TpaTo/ d~p~vv 'AXatw2v
TO~eTLY 3 LK/IEVOV        EpyOS~ Awo
To~v 8 3tK/LVO OVPOl (EL EKaCpyL    ' oXXcwv.
0i' 3  0T01) (T-J)o-avT, alC 0 O'TTICL XEVIc\ 7ECLOYV  480
El/ 3' ct0FO '7Tp~Tl a~CYl a Jt-OV, a/f 3 Cupao-a
0-TElp vtpceVpE /-LwyaX taXe, mik tovc-,~
6" ' gE6l KaTraL Kv3JLaa, 8tawpq'o-o-ovc-a IKeXEVOOV.
aLvTap E7TEIp (KOPTO KaTaL o-TpaTOV/ Evp vv 'AXCLL(il/,
vkqa lkEl/ ot yE fLtexatavW EW7 2777Etpoto epvcO-Oal/    485
Vr'foi3 E'7l~t #cl/JXZOoLS, 3'r  ' e'plLaTa llanpa\ Tal/ve7cyav,
aUT \ 3' e07al/LVaTO KaT' KXLLt'aS' TE l/Eas' Tre.
Achilles fines in solitude.
Av'Ta~po0 /J)LLE, l7VnVOt 7Wap?7I7El/O' (f1)KV77OPOI0LV,
hJOryEl/r F77qxwoo? vio'(~, vw6a,~ W'nis 'AxXLXXE69.




20


20             ~~~~IAIAAO.5 A.


OvTC 7TOT fv~ aIyop7l) 'TOCOVGKCTO KV~ta~VCpaV,          490)
OU)TE 77OT   7,r aO/0    aXa stvv~oc       ~o    ~p
av~~~~t ILLCV&JP, 7tOOCCOKC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ aVT~~~~~~7V TE WTOXE/LOP TE.~~~~~~~0U)Oe-K OXO
The gods ref u/r, and Thetis mnakes her firayer to Zeus.
AXX' OTC p77   cic1, TOFO 8V((JEKa'Ty C7EVVT' 7)(An,
N  I\,
icat Trore 8" 77po\ "OXv/Lw77ov Yo-av &eot ak'Eiv COVTCI9
7raVTE'~ ala Zevs,~ 3 ')p~e. (3CTt~ (3 OV' 'Xq'06T' 46TILaCov 495
7wat(3o\, Jov), a'X- en' Cy aLPC(3VOCTO lnv/La Oa'Xa(T(7fl9;,
6)pl (3'ave'3q,ac'yav ov'pavo~w Ov5Xv/Swtvm
bpVP (3  ~tw       pozui(yv aTEP nltevov aXXowv,
anpoTaTy icpVf     r oXV(3Ctp '809 OUiV/17rtwo.
nal pamrapotO' ai3 TO to /caOe'eTo, nal Xac3e ryoi~vP(V  500
on~at   (3C~tTEpy' (3 a~p vw7- aL'UepeCawo9 Jxovcaa,
Xw~CO/Levy T7 O 7rpoetC7 J/a Kpoviow~a avPanTa.
ZED3 7Wa'CP, CL W7OTE (32) (XC [leT' aMava'TotULevnlaa
A7 EWEL   v Cp7,ETO [-Lot Ky 2)2)vov CCOp
77 OM  ry  09           (0TTOCAX50
t1/Li ov [LOt VIOL',a (C0KVIIOPC~  o    Waxov             0
EWrXCT   aTop JL(V VVV 'YE a~va  av(3poiv 'AYal[EL[voWV
flTt/Lq7JC6V  e~vyp exet yepa9~, aVTOS' Ct7T0p9
aXX a\0v 7e'ljow /5L) TLCY-OV, OXVII-IrtC,lLiTitea Zev >
T'cfpa (3' 1E7r&t Tpc~oea-t TtLQEL npaLTo9, 054p' 'v 'A~atol
viol) C/1OP TlGOJ0OtV) O'OECXXft0-t'v 7e6 ETtL/.t       510
He sits silent: and she trays him a second time to rely
'Xfls~ na'TO T27V (3 01) Tb 7WpOO-C0f)? VCIf)CX?)7CpETa Ze15',,
aXX aKECftV (2NV 'G(ITO  OE'TL9 (3, (0 21*'aTO yoVVCaw,,
(0CXET eC/LWCVevva, ncat etpETo (,SEvTcpov auvt92
NqI[LCpTE' /LEIE'(32) /SLOt vW7o'o-eo nat na~ai'evo-ov,
1) aW7oCt7W,  7etE 01 TOt C77t (309 o' p   C,            515
go7-o-v C67(0 [LTa 7raO-tl) aTt/lZO-aTy OCO9~ CL/LI.




IAIAAOY, A.                         2


21


He in wrath bids her departjorjfear of Hera: yet aswset
to herprayer.
T~)v   /L7 oxOyc7aaS 7rpoo-&'oq veoeq~fyep6'Ta Ze9'
8,q' Xot'ett e'pry, 0 TEc /Lt EXO0W~r-uat ec/Y170-et9
~'p, or av [L epe '(y4vo-  vatlE~t EVtEE0'7rM
A7 83 ca'l aUT-coq /A2 ale't Ev) aavdaToUtot Oeote0'tP   52C
V~UICt, KU rep~e  i-aXv Tp'eoa-atv a'pq'4yEtv.
jux  T ~ev vvv a~7-t9 a'r'7te a?) TL V027077.
'Hpy   6'1.to~k 8& Ice ravrTa p~eXyorO~pa reXe'aow
t  arye -rot KEc  y icamavevco/wtit, oopa 7Tr lt
T'JT  'a   E   '/~Oev rye (.eT a'Oav "  - pertorv  525
TreK/clmop ov~ yap e/Lov 77aXtva'ctypeTov, ov'8 a'7rarflXO'v,
ov~ aTEXV'7rTOV, 0V KU icvn~  xyiaravevaO-c.
After he has nodded, and Thetis has gone, he returns to his throne.;
but Hera, observant, asks hint who has been in counsel with him.
'tH, Icat~ icVmVIEo- ~w  J~cz'ie Kpovicz'!LUi8poa-tat 8' A~pa xa-vrat e~reppwo-avrro avtcraxo9
lcpa~rek  dw-~acroto - 1e'ryav S' EXE`Xt~ev "OXup~rov.  5304
ebs~ 9-Xa &Xro /3a~ecwF acw' aI'yXqev-ro9? 'OIkitov,
Ze&\S~ &6 'O~v 7rp09, M.oo"a-  UO&o 8'a/k  ralvrtE9 dvearcw
C'86&3&v, a-cov^ rarp~ O~ 6vavrc'ov  oz'84 -rt'~ &rXf
Ihetvat e7repXop~evov, 6XX am'-otm eo-raw a7r-avr-e9.    535
CO0~ (/.I 6ev~a Ka6E'~ET ' 7  Opvv   oi'   tuv
ItV~fOE  t8o~i OTt 06 o -v1ctcfpaco-aro /3 ovXa\
aF',yvpowre~ae Ehr-t9, OVyacTrqp 6"Xi'ot eyepo7)-o9~.
I  I         II7
LtLIca eep-roplotot-t Al'a KpovLO'  'lpo-va
Ti', 8' ai' Tot, 8oXo/.z 'jra, Oecow a-vpcp'a-o-a-ro /3ov'kas; 540




22


22              ~~~IAIAAOS A.


aitEi TOt (ftiXOl &r'riTv, EJLLEV' aJw0ovoc,5w E'ov'a,
/cpV7rTcLt C     6 OEVc &KVT/I&V    OV   Tt MO& /.LO&
n-p6 cOpcOw re'rXvKa9 EtWC1V E`WOS~ OTTL vo 707(
Zeus rebukes her curiosity.
(3v?7lLetEr/E  C7et-a 7raT?7p a'vtpowv Te OCOWv Tel.'Hp?), /)q 8y 7r(avm, E/M)V\S' c&ite~EO 7reop ov'~        545
et?lo/6tP -XaXeWol T-ot Eovr', a'X6'Xp 7Jrep covoy.
axx    'v p' Ic' '7TtucKe~s' aKIOVe/tev, ovTL9 CWeLtCLJ
UTE OeCOLJ 7TpO'TEPO' TOll 7 EKYECTaU, OUT al)OpCO7r(jEW'
OV &4 K' E'7c\fl' at7aVIEVOE OCCOP ',E6EX(O/L& V/0270-at,
r1  t oiV Taiva eKaorTa &3tEIPEO, Ibv?& /1TeAXXa.        550
She discloses her suspicions of Thetis.
Tohy (3'?yLE/eT    wercta flocow~ wrO'Vta eIHpn7
abiJOTaTE Kpol't8l7, 7TO'tO1 TOPV /LtJUOP eELWE~'
icat Xi7pV oe 7rapOt 7 OUT etpoatta OV5TE /JkETaXX'
IXC~b6'EV'K27XO9~ Tc' (apc eat alo-& E'Oe'XyoOa
P1/ (38 alVCO9 3et(3otla KctTa\ ofpE'a p~j oc 7rapeitm7    55
apryvpowre~'c e&Et9, OV'yacm'p ajiotO 7EOP0TOSX.
27Epifl yap 0-O 7e WrapE  TOKt~~3      70V1)V
T0^ Ot o) KaTavEvo-at ET27TV/LZOP CO~' AXX27L
Tt  079 cEO-  (3  rXa        5V~    'AXat&v
With angry threats he silences her.
T~v (3 a, abtetI36/tevo9 7rpoO-EC/Yq PE(,5EX?77Y6EpTc ZE&'c 56c
Sat/sowlif, aie61 Itell O'teat, ov'86 o-e Xr'Ow
7r'Y7Env~o               c8v-pfat (3 7t~  rt(3znoEat, aXX' a~rov~
[a'X   84o    o-a'     'r   T 'ot Kat\ /dtytovgoTt
Et (3 OU'TCO TO-T' 'O-T 'IPE[O NtXet cObiXov et1vat.




IAIAAOY, A.                       2


23


&X`X alcdovo-a Ic   qcWp-o  C' Vwnc~o L                   565
P7'VVTrOL Ov Xpat'o-/-t)o-tv, 04o-ob G'Eo EIO, ev 'OXVltOrl,
a000'V LOVW, OT-e K6' TOt aawTr-vow Xetpa, Eo~etco.
'f  fcaT' eCet0e 8E1   &C'03o6r1-1 7WO6TVta Hp
icat p aKcovo-a KcaO2JcTro, 47wtryvabL-4ao-a qiXov ic?7p,
Wx~no-av 8' Jpa' (36Wca 4to' Oeo Ovpavurn'esx.            570
Hethaistos counsels submission:
TO~v 8 '-~atTOI KXTO~'Xvp~?7pX ayopevetv,
roteytv (3 ~'H7wos   XTO\
1.7P6p Eb~     I qpa cfxepaw, XEVKWE'V   Ipj
9H 8,q xotly~t epycl'a(a eJo-oE-at, ou(o "' aCLKTa,
EL 87' 7(jbo)' EKatOZP17TOWV Et&LLVETOT) '8
eV) 86E OEOFTL KOXO\ p0)XCV"PeTrOV  OV'8SE TL (SCrolTS   575
eo-OXq- e'o-oerat q(3oc,', 6we~t rr Xcpel'p Puca-.
/.LTpt y(3 E7&)apacubit~, Katl cTvY '7rep vocoVo-Y,
V~tKX~7Ot7ita7)p, av (3 E~sev (A rt r" `0pa pda
Ei~rEp lyap K' EOe yOLV OVPLtS aO-T~pO7FI7T?74?           580
E4  &&W~7Tc/J~t~t 0yapwov cEpTaTOs EOTWV.
aXXa\ Cv' T'V ly e7TE'EG`G7t KaLOa"7TTE.`OaA, f/cXaK0Fw-tVl
aZV7~K 67re-tO' t'Xaos 'OX' 7wtog EOJETEat 17/V.
Gives her the cut, and warns her by his own, tunishment
to endure.
n(2 cap ecbr  ICKat aval'~aq 8(377-aS? aLOWWMV~EXXoV
IJPP k4  eV XCPC~ TIOEt, Ka' ALY7p(TEfE              583
T&E'Xa~h,,LLITCP Et  Kalt ava'crXEo, KC?7(3OJWL6V7 7rep,
LVIo) (Y f)OlVq 7rep eov(TCLv VEl 0(bOaXALoU7LTv 't8I(3O)aC
OIELVp4fEVy -TO'TE (3 Oi3 rTI (3VPrj(oo/-LCt, aXvvALtev6O WrEpp
X~'paLoIpetp 2apryaXc'o, yatp 'OX'4ww 7(oL VTob'pco-Ocat.




24


24            ~~~IAIAzAOX A.


'77 yap -LLe Kat atXO   a   eel-Levat paepta6ma           590
pir~fe, ')083s, TeTatycoW, aro' /3'qXoU' 00a7rEO-toL0o.
77-aP I-Lap Oepo6pqv, a/kLa 8?7EXtr) KaLTa8LWTt
KIa7-77-erovol ev Aimlvco, O`VXyo,~ 8' c"t Ovpo,a c'nev.
/La  e 2~lvrteC atVppE9 a`cap K/~Lc/-cLaPto7cora
'Nl OaT - I~tjo-ev 86 Oeat XevKcOC~XVQ, -'Hpq           595
pA     'EaOaL8ct  7rt~oS, C'6'aTO Xutp't /EVW7eXXoP.
The gods, with laughter at HejAhaistos, banquet till sundown,
and then retire to rest.
avircp 6 To, a'xxotct Oco~t~ 8' ~vta 7waot
CwOPOXyt, 7yXVIC'VPeuCTap a'7ro ACpyTk7'pOS~ 'v'cTo)v.
aTf3CO-TOS~ 83 a'p el)C-pTO yeXO)S 1LCLacapeoY-t oEo-tfV,
c ov 20VHxlbato-7-ov &a' 86C0/JaTaL wot'Tr~vovoa.         6oo
-V   ToT-e I-Lev 71-po7rctl?)I-ap eS~?)eXtoZ KEaTa~vPTEra
&at~vwr%1 ov&8 Tc OvJ/O'" ee&Ve-ro &tCTOS' &7)
[VLep o5p[Liyyo~ 7rcpt/caXXeo9, ql e    Av'XXcov,
Movo-acova 0', ai' a'et3ov a'-c06LE/8[cvat Ow7t' ica-Xy
AvTap C7r& KaTe3v Xa[Lw~povp /aio,~ 'Aloto,             605
Ot 1LLev KcaKKetovTcE~ epapL oLKo13e cKao-Tos;,
Xyt 'IaCTTO7) &/L  wpKXVTO's~ 'A/S~L7U1EL
'M    t-O~ 77TO'jEJ ttr3V t,  7pa7ri-Leo-o-tlJ.
Zci', 3e' 7rpo' Ov Xexo,~?' 'OXV[L7ToQS d'oTepo7FqTri,
ev0a va'pos- lcot[laO'I OTC,psw 7XVKVI iV3wVOl 1n6calot. 6io
6v0a KELOcvU8 ava,8a3&  w apa't & yXpvcv'Opovo,~ 'ffpq




THE ILIAD.


BOOK II.
Zeus sends afaise Dream to Agamnemnon, encouraging him
to attack Troy.
'AXk-ot & /Vp'a 0OEITE Kca\ a'velpeS t7t7roKcopvOTa&b
ei~ov wravvvJto2t, zia w OUK ex,6 v7)V/1tOS~ V,7Tvog
JX'b rvc    cip~    KaTa Obpe'va, 6' 'AtXA~a
Ttt?7y  3X'o  8' 'noXc'at 'w? \  vv 'A~attv
&e86 oi iccTra Ovpo~v Apiomrq oawcrEO f80uX~            s
71qAJ~t -''Arpet& 'Aya/p'[Lvopt o' 3op 'OvetpoV.
nab ptv Oco- cag~ rearc 7rT~poevTa 7rpoo-,qv3aBaclo-c' W1t, ov~Xe "Ovetpis, Oo~a9 er vq-ag 'Axat&,'v*
e'Xaw 6' icXto1bv 'Arya1-4',E1vovog 'A-rpE!iao
zrva  A   aX LTpEK4'ar aiyopevepI.EV, (A~ E~rCtr'XXGo.
Ocopqi~ai C xc'XEVC Ka'pfl Ko/J10o&VTactc atb
7rava-v~p   Av ypXC eo 7TXtV evIp va yvtav
Tpoawv  ov~ ryp 6%' altot OXWIa &         7r exoV769
Ma'vaTrCotbpa1'~OVcTa we'7'va14ev' rya~p tlavrav~a
*'Hptj Xta-aopE'vt7 TpciEaa-&- & K?06 c "717zr~at.        15
'\d(g cf'T0  18q 8' alfp' "OV,6tpog, 6E7rEd Tr\V /.tv-oV Aiovo-ev.
The Dream finds him asleepi, and in the form of Nestor tells him
the gods are nlow at one to aid the Greeks.
xcapwraXq'w S' LlIcave Ooa\,g 6r vn-a,~ 'AXat65dv1
j37 a'sp' e~' 'A'rpe(.,v 'Aryap4ppovca '-v TOV a, ciavev




20


26            ~~~IAIAAOY, B.


'8P v C KXwO-iy, wrEpt 3 ' a     Ipno   ~xvO' ij'wVOI?
CT)3a '7trp KefaXJAV)S, Nq-Xqp v'i /ol'3
NErOpTO, TOV pa /pa"Xt-Ta y6povmwTU t A 13ya/qllv(LW
TO) PWt EEL-akLevoS~ 7rpo-cfJCO~VEE OdtO9~ "Ovetpos~EV'8et9?, 'Ape'os~ Vic' 63ai-'povos~ iwwro&4litoi~;
o0XpI)?7ravvtvXtop eV Mewl /3ovXqOpov dauS pa,
c" -Xaoi' T' C77-T67Tpa'b       a c~ ~-ca, 24:jev
viv  ' eJlLeOey ~VlJeS~ (OKa- Ato'3 86' TOt aryfYEXQ9( EI]t
G.~ EV, avevOev CJWv, /.ca K l3ETaL?W'E~apt
Owpn^ab' o' KEXevcC Ka'p? KO/L00.WTa9, 'AXatoivsg
Wa~cTL'3t'  Vi  ap Kev g~t  ot   vpvayvtav
Tpo06vl ov~ yep CT' a4o~ 'OXv/.twta 3wcLpaT EXOVTCE'    30
a'OavaTo6 Opa'~OVTac eer~yvct/Jfev ya\ p atlraVTa9
'Hp~q Xo-acope'vq  Tpdca-o-t 83e K?)3EE7bTab
EKc ZAt69.  ax-xa 0-v a-iG7tV "  cfOpeGl, prq3U crXW
EVT C  G.E"EOpcoYt  v7Tvo,? avq
alpetTc), CTa    epxq
In false con~fidence, Agamemnon awakes, arms himself, and at
dawn summnons the host to an assembly.
~\29? a-pa  wiov-as' a77-Efiija-CTo- TOP 3' C"XtwT' alv7ToD  35
cTA Op0ovCOvT' a'7va' OV~IkoV, 'a"' pov TEXE' rO at gLEXXov.
q yap o ry atpc0Ety iiptalpkOV 7w6xtv?)1art Ketvqp,
inwto~. oi~'3 '~~~y  a Z4i) 1-L?)3ETO e3pya.
0 yo-etv fyap ErT E/LkxEAXV ew7 axy,  ~~ovxsr
Tpwo-'b TE Kca~ Zavao'to-t 3ta\ IparEpca9 lo-,Ltivas3.  40
erypCTo 3' 6'4~ V'wVOV  OEt'q 34 ~ttv aI/LOXuT 30110'q.
egCTO 3' O~p~coOet'(~ /taXaxe~w 3' e~V3vvE Xtw/caXo'v, v7)ya'TEOV  7tEpb &  6t1'a/XEOYaO
"noa& 3' i'w\ Xt7rap~o-t(v 43~4a-ro7xaX   W'3tXa
a'Ao\& 3' a~'p' totou-t(V /3dXeTo ~tco9~ apryvpoqXov.   4




IAIAA0I B.


27


I         ~~~IAI O B                               2
ELXETO 8c' O-17C)77T~POZ 77-Tc6tptol-, a'~OLT07 al+t
OVV  0)  K~a u3a~'A~at'v XaXKOXtTW'VWV.
qI-eZJ pa OCA 7TpOOcTE/31ft-eTO /1LaKpo) "OXV~07woV,
ZJv& 00OCOSq epeovo- natI a"XXots~ aact'aTOLO-t
J,  \ f                O
avp T    K'17pVKe0JOL A79O7pttOLJ& y   KEXeVO-ev,         50
K7VOO  Jayop)7l~e i(Lp? Ko/.LoCoVa 'Axatov'
4t /EV eCK?/pvGGol) 74o t )EpOV)TO [LaX cona.
First, however, he calls a council of elders and tells them
his dream.
Bovxy 83E 77-(OTOY [LeyaOV/LctW T~e 7yepO'VT(IW,
Neo-Top    7rap, L I~ HXotyevE'o~ /3ac-tX'q-0os
TrouS 0 7e crvycaXeoc-aS 7rVnCIvp'7?7pTVVETO /3ovX?fr'  55
KX TCr, cbI~o    cd'[~ 0v6weo      XOev "OVpetOS
a[Lf3pOo7L17V L3aL vVK'Ta [-LaXtGYTa 8c' NCTopt U6i'
-re6s TE  LE~ycO6S' -re c/uV  Ta7XtoJTa emC9et.
(7T17(3 ap vu7rep nepxnt jt w6 LOO            Lev
Wet(3LS, 'ATpEo'01 VIE (3at/pvo'iwoipo                   6o
0Xp77 -iavvv~Xtov eV 8et /3ovXq/o'pov 6lu3pa,
(OSXaot' T' e77tTCTpacJOaTat, ImaT ro-oa ILE/~LIXev.
uih' (' C'ILEOev 4z'ves' cOna  Ato" ~61 TOt ayy-EXo9~ El/U,
0a-(eu, cwevOev ECOwv, j a K '&3Tat 17( Am'X pt
Ocopl-ai ar' eKexevJ-e Kta'p17 ICo1ttoora( 'Axatoiv"'     65
7n-avov8v&' uvv ya'p    AWuIts 7ro'Xtl Ev'pua'yvtaiv
Tpo~iw  1) ap 'TaLbSOX'L77t~a 80')/taT' 6XOVTECJ?
Wa'vaTMotbpa'~OVTat ewreypa[-L./ev yc\p cwazrraVsa'?'Hp17 Xto-o-o/e,a97 - Tpcea-ecrt 8E' Kq17&eoq Eb77Tat~
En Ato,,~ aLXXa" GTv) 0(7y7tv CX  95peow-2            v LZ E~(t  70
COXET dawowTa[-LEVOS~, E/LE (3E y Xvnvs' VmtVoS' aLVKev.




28


IAIAz602 13.


He will make trial of the Greeks' spirit, bidding them sail
away, while the chiefs must restraint them.
JX'ayE-r, at Kciv wcos~ Owp'~opzev v~ca'j''A~at(-w.
7rwporc 8' JYc'W e'vrEOL  7tctp?)Joo/IztL, q'/O/JS'ETV
nt 0CJIE~V7L CTV'V PN1V0-' 770XVKX 'FG-t KEXEVoCoI
0' a'XXOOev aX-XOs~ EP977UVLZV IE77WECG0GtV              75
Nestor replies: A nother man we had doubted, but the
King's dream must be obeyed.
"H~r o   y "7'w   EL7rw~fl Ka-r ap' E'eTo.  -roT0 7   a've'oTf
N    oo —ap  Op'a Hv'oto dva~ 'v y/iaOoezrros?
b' 04-L1 El)` 0fpoVC6wVaczyopr/caTO Kal /-LeTeeLWev
~d2 fi-Xot, 'Apyciawo?)qroe 77)(3C JLESO1)TE9,,
It ALrEf    7)OEpl 'Axatc6ov aSXXo,? e"Pt0r77ev,
#ev0'o? KEV Oba'peV Kct& voa*oiALe~a [LCtXXov
idiVz (' C3eV, ok jey' apt-ro~ 'Axatc-o Eiseau dtvat.
ixx' Sr/E-r, aYK'tc 7T0)S Oap~ OLEl) vtlas~ 'AXat(LW.
~'n2~ S3pa fiOwvJ'oa9 /8ovXr,?JS Eq 'pXE vE'eo-Oat.
The people swarm in like bees, and the heralds make silence;
Aganmemnon, with his sacred sceptre, stand? u,
01 (3' '7Tave rfoa,7EOovOV TOE 7T0tJ VE XacV,
o-Kr7KflroVXot flaotXi&~  E7TEOYYEV'oPro 8E' Xaoi.?713TE EOVEa. Ect0 fLExt WTa'(0 c~tvawcv
7rerp97S? EK ry~acvpq'?jsaIEb vE'ov E'pyo.Lepaow
/80orpu&MiV 8E' 7r~rovr-ac ew' avOeotv Etcaptvb0WTtV
Ei,~ '   vOa a5Xv9 v7rE7- 8aat  'a (3   e r  gOa           90
co~ra cOvca 7To-XXAP v~a Swo Ica' nXtcrta
o~vo,? 7wpo7wcapote /8a~eliq eo-7txy'AoV T






I AlAA OM B.              2


29


A4oI 619 alop2lv  /.LE4I 83' CO-cWrV aOO~ (E1)Et,
o'rpuvovcr te'vat, Zlto~ atyle'Xo,~ ol(' 8'zypvo
TIETP77XE6 (3 ai'/0pfl v'0 3 U~a     C~TO ryata              95
Xac'iv te'61VTrOV, 0'/csa3o,~ (3' v - vive'actc& o4ea9
IC1)PVICIEq /000)VT6*9 E/Y)J'TVOV, EV7t'OT' a' V-Tlq
oYXOtaT, acov0aetav 86\ ZAtoTpeoe0Yw /3ao-tx~awv.
o-rova'j (3' E'~TO Xao'q, E'pqlTVOIEI (S\ KcaO' E3pa9,,
7tav0Y4-Levot cx~ayry?-9  a'vc A3 iyptiv 'Ayal-kfPCov       t00
gaC-1), o-icifrTpov l'xa)V, To- petv ~'HSOaLT0I Ka'11E TEVXWitV
x'H/iaG-oro' jLV MSoKE Zltt Kpovtiwvb avaIcrT
aV~-ap atpa Zeu' (3wce &taKTo'pC, apFY600Tbv
'Eppetia,? 8e" A~va~ 3&ice Ji.UE'ow&r w t~7r~r
avi-ap 6 ai5'7- llh6o-4 &ZIC' 'ATpe'i 7wotpevt Xa(civ     105
'ArpEi~g U3 Ovnio-,Kctv AXitfev 7ro-kicpvt &uvCrrpT
avrTap 6 av)TE 19V6'rr' 'Aryabu    vwo   XEI7Te ~Opi'at
7roXkjo-c vJCr~o-bc- icai  pyct 7raVrt avao-aetv.
T&~   7 y' petolaevog gre' 'Aytoco-t,LtET?7V(a
and sjieaks: Zeus will not let us win, as he firomised; and we must.return, - disgraced, for the Trojans are fewer than we.
'12 0I~ot, 2 ejpE Zlavaoi, OEpCL7ToVTE9 I Apflo9,        110
Z,6'9 FLE /Le'fy Kpovt8Sfl9 aTir 'W&qa-e /3apip
crXeTxLO9,             'lg nrt  tvpb ~E-C0/at KaTevevO-ev
"I'Xcov En7re~praaVT EVTEteov av7oveec7Oat
VihV 86\ Kan~q\VC na',rav /3oVXevo-a-ro, nca' p~e ICexevet
(3vo-,cAe'a "Ape7O9 bce'a-Oat, 6E7Te -7roXl~v coAea-a Xao'v.  I 15
'n-W ov dCIc- UE'XXet v"7Jrep/ILEvE pbiXov elvat,
(3q 8\ 7oXXa6v 'nroXko(V IaTe'XVO-,E Ka'pia,
ert8 n`& at XVa0-6t '-o yO ap lnpaT'oq IEo-T-,tEyWTaOV.]
alo-Xpov ryap T086( ry' 6o-'r Kal 40-0-o14'z'ota-t 7wv06'o-Oa&.




30


30            ~~~IAIAAOY, B.


Oa'  O. o V tOWe T0-o0-'7eS, -re Xa'v '.A~at iv        12C
awYqKlTOi' 7r0XcEIop 7roXE/pdieEW The' Ipa'xco-Oat
av~pachn 7wavpovpoto-t, Texo9~ 8' oViiwcO Tt weobapTat.
a'7~E yd   i' 4ote  'AXaoL' 're Tp6   rc,
opKta& w7atoa Ta[Lo7r7e9, a'pLO/LlO?)/L11kctt apoiw,
Tpo-esq pc~v -4ao-Oat, eoc'ortot 8'o-o-ot g'ao-tv,        125?)/Ltet9 69e, &Kd'aa &taKoO7I?)O6'ev/L 'A~ato4'
Tpa'aw 8' dv~pa 6gKao-Trov E'XoQ/LeOa olpoxoelJetV
woXXad KEV &EKa'869 8CVOiaT  O&VoxO'
TOao-GOV erycO Obqt 7r-X'a9~  ept.~at vtla9 'A~at('OV
Tpao-)w, Ot vaiovo-t Karta 7rTO0Xt7lJ a'XX  'E7rt'Kovpot  130
woX-ew   K71oL       yxo-wa-X   av $c9ao-tv,
OL.L /hya7XcOVG-t, Ka\ oUK ei    E'06'OXozria
'IXtov JK7Te'po-at EUv vatO/ILCYOV 7rToXEOpoL'.
eVZJea 83?\ /3 /Saac-t ZAtO9 /pEya',ov EptaVrT'i,
Kcal 1  0VP co L7E7)7e peW)) Ica a7Tt      X'Xvp'ratu     135
a 86 7r0U 17/reTpati 7 aXoXot Ka\ v j7tta r'eKma
EtaT 6V& /leyapot9~ 7r0~~e7t/yLevat, apt/i ae epryol
aVT7O9 aKpaavrIov, OV ELVEKC& OEV~ 'Ko~Leo-Oa.
aXX  WyO   0   i 6W)EW,7TL0/t
OEV70)/2keV O-~V m~voi bt'Xyv 69~ 7ra-rptt~a rya-Fav      140
oib ryap er, Tpo4;w apipi-op~ev Cup vayvtcv.
The gathering, is stirred, like waves or like heads of wheat by
the wind; and the Greeks rush to launch their shifis.
"129 Ob67-o  7-oUt't 8e Ov/WZ) evit o-Y7JOecoo-tp 6'PptlJp
7rct-t FC7~WX7) VP O(7t O f30X97 e7raKcovra~v.
At7~ 8) a7op7?, (09q Kv1ar  Jap OaXa/c-crip
7noro ITO  apOto, rTa bV 'r Evpo6 -re No'o, re 7          145
(Opop e~ral~a9~ 7wa-po9~ ZltQ, 6K PCef)xaWPo.




lAlAAO2 B.


31


(it)   or Kr7O-y Z'ovpo,~ 8aOi) X~iov E'X 0 V,?.43pos~ e7-aqt/i~'v, en-ir L/T' vCd a-Tave00otV
W'   a'yop?7 K  qci0nO7. TrO" 8' dXa-Xl7 pa7t
Pijas? E7T E0TeV0VTO, 7WO0dl) 8' V'7rE1'VEpOE KOVU?)     150
W aT  epolkv?7  otc aXXqIXowtG K-XE1JOV
a7rT,6o-Oct vnq6iv 78' EXKce1LeP ets~ d"Xa 8-tav,
O~O97Ee~ea'Octpov  avri) 8' ov'pavo'v IKEv
OiKa&c le/.ev&w V'7T-O 8 'peov epptacTa of7()v.
There might have been mischief; but Hera stirred up Athena
to spieak to Odysseus.
"EvOat KeJv 'Apyctiotct v`wc'ppcopa V00-T09 E'TVXO??'  155
etp)'AOqva' v 'Hp?7 7rpo? IJ3JOoP 6`etWE1
'd2 7r O71-ot, altytojxyto Zho,, TCKOS, arp VTCOVfl,
0O)70) 87) OIKOV~e, (f)LXq7v eS~ 7raTrpt&a rya~av,
'Apyio& cOEV~ovra t J7T- EvpeaV ZNOTC 6aXao-oi9;
a'8t 8' Kev) EVX&)Xflv Fptail-k(, KEat Tpwcot XtL7r0tV  r6o
'Ap~yetiqv 'EX&'vv, 7', ei'tVEla 7ro-XXo?9\ 'AXctwov
Ev Tpot'p '?vn'XOVrO OliXq &7r\ 7aTapi.30S' a'?9
aX  't vi-v cara\ -Xao~v 'A~autw vX /,oTo'(d
O'ot( dyavov;E7t C'Gt Ep?)TVE 00)a 'aGTV
ILqe ea v-q7aL? atXa8' e"XKce/ev atLcoLexi~cca9.      165
"2 bcaTr- ov5S a`wtfOqioe Ocea 7yXav/cc07tLS 'AO~j~,831 86 KcaT' Oz'Xv/i~riot~o Kcapyvav 4~ao-a
Kapwra'XfLici9 3 L'Kave Ood' ev-l vi'ja, 'Axativl,   v   a A'         a aaTV
EVPEV e77-E(7  L'  7fla Zh /l'q7LV arT vr
EcrrTo oT  3 0  y6 V9r7o(~ EV'7A40L  FErLV              170
C,  ~~~~~
a-IXO     t-al-rakeI7) 7Tpoc7efq 7EV0WLS  AYivv




32


32            L~~~AIAAOM B.


She bids him for shame restraint the men; he runs to obey.
AtoieEVE9 Aaeprta'87, 7woXu~v'av' O308v-oev",
OiVhT 3) oZ,q' vKO, OtXqV e, '77-aTpt~a 7aLcWv,
'bv~eO   El VET WOXVKtlcx lo 77-E(ol)T175
~A8 3eIClns eVXO)xr/1 Tptacl/iL  Ka'& Tpcoo-? 7  )woLTe
'Apryebpq 'EXE'znqv,?)9 e'tVeKa.?noXXo't 'Axatwu
ev Tpoip? c'775XOvTO, Of1X'79 77~ 77apico9 a";
JXX' 'iO vvv7,,cara Xao'v 'AXaL&wv, /I~q86 T' epco'6
cyot( 3 aryacotVQL 6EWEE0-7L E'pgyTtE fooTa, e'KaG-TOP,   180,uqeea v7-las' ae'Xa8' eXKe/Lev autexo-o0a9~.
~'d29? p66'* O' 8' vvKE~q   Ocal? 6O72ra 0ovno70WTi9.
flI' 8c' OE'W, a'77wo 83E XXa'tvav feaXe- -rqv 3 eKcoJluooev
icibvt El~pv/3a'T'q 10ai'o-to9~, O'9 01 077-rn'8E.
ai~-q 3' 'ATpd!'eo. 'Ayau' Vovoq 'TVtloq AXOvw            785
8'4aT6' 01 OYKC1~rTpovl) wcvpwotov, a'hOiCTov alelv
TO E3 c aT-a v-a, 'AXat'v XaXfC0XCTo'v(ov*
The chiefs he warns to beware Zest they mistake Agamemnon, and
make him wroth;
rfOv'rtva /.tv /3ao-iJ~a Kact 6`~oxov a~v~pca KtxelI/q,
707) 3' ay7avov9 EWEECCT(TV Ep7qTV0Cao7Ke 7n-apa0rTa'r
ZIatLOVL, 0?) 0-e eCotCE, KcaKcoZ (09, (Setl'GoT(eCo0at  I90
cLXX al-T9 T~E aicflqoo, Ica~ a~XXov9 t'8pvE Xaoi
ai'         'O TC  rcra ohr-O', olog vo'osq 'ATpei-'ovoq9
viV   7M-EpcTat, raxa, 3'Cl~feiat v    tct   C PAau~.
Ev /3ovXji 3'' 0?) 7TCVTEq J1~vo-a1.,LEv o~l) eEELvev.
/If 7T XOXWOY-cFLV evoq  l'C a/CO~v vlas~ 'Axatwv          '9
Ovp)59q &,E /t7al? 6EOTLb. Z Tpe4e'o09 /3ao-tXo0
7tpL?) 3' 'IC 4t09g e07t, 0AXEF 8& 6 /Wq7yr 7-a ZCV~.




IAIAAOYZ B.


33


the fieopile, more roughly, to be quiet and obey their betters.
'Ov g' av3 84/L',ov 7' dvppct t8ot, /o30v~a' 7' ecJV'pot,
'rov 07C)-pt7p( E'daft-aKlev.oIoCX?),aacTe 7TE FLvO06)
aip2   9         'Aow      ~uvceu,            200
Ot (7o qJepTepobt elt(h 01 0- aT7oAXe/-L0,cal& a'vCaX~tq,
OUre rOT Ev 7roXEfLCU) evapt'O/luo, 01)7' EV  ovXJ`
0?) (Ev 7Tcoq 7TavTE9 /3Wlao J-0/Jo-oev evOa68' 'Axau+
Ov'Ic aryaOo~v wroXvKotpavbfl ett9 Icolpavo9~ C`Tom,
er9 /3ao-Xev9q, a' A'&oie Kpo'vov 7r, a'yKVXopIlyreO.     205
[uC1i"7wrp'V r '8 OE/LL-a9~, 'tVa aOdcn' /3ovXEVpa&.
Thefjieofile return to the assembly, all but the hideous wretch The rsites,
J2 06 KOtpavkaW 8SIEWE 0-TpaTOV 06 Ot dA/0P 7V86
aLVTL9 67r6EOOEVOVTO vecoW t7r0 Ical lActL(a)tav
27,.  qOTE IAcvlka wroXvOXoiaotow Oa~do-o-i,
ayty X   (EaX(Oppry~   /3pE/LTat, O7Uapayet & TE 7J0VT70.  210
'AXXot Le'v p" 6e'0oVr, 'EpY'p-vOev 86 K=tO 6'pa9~.
eepcrl~vl 8' e'It tov'vo9~ acttETpoe,7rq)9 E'KoX9ct,
09? p' e~rea (fpeov yO-t (tKOO-llaL 7e 7roAAC TIE fl
/Lp t 4 rap 0? naraT/ KO7,Ltov, apv ao ep ~epevat 8aa-Aotwatp,
4XX   0' 7- 06 G'o-att70 7yEXOt0V `Apydloto-tv              215
eplutevat.  at(rX)OT(Y70  8e avp v~rw\ "Ixtov iWXvev
c  0o4co EqV, XCX4 8 6ETepOL' w&3a  Tao   ot 0 (51/I)
icv'no E~t TT^09q aOVVOXWAKo7e  aVrap v7repO~
c4,bo? EL-v K/cbaX~v, '4PE8vy\ 8 17revfl7V0OE ~Xa'Xv
XOWCTOq9  ' 'AXtXI,ttXt -'3v W3 '08O-qvo"                220
7rw a~Ep VEIKELEO7KeE TOT a5137 'AyabtE',wkovt 8i03
0e' KceKXflYE~d?y'7 Ovei&Ea- 74(O^ 8' cp' 'A~atol
E/C7riYyXoE /co7-00)70, Vete(Tafl700V T, EV OVUO^O.
av'ratp o /5a5/Ca /3o6:w 'AyaptE(tvova veI'KEE /UO'(0.




34


34          ~~~IAIAAOM B.


who reviles Agamemnon for his greed, and the jf5eojile for their
slavishness.
'APE',,TE'o 8ny AT' e7rL/LkeJL-kbaL, 718E  at~1;  225
rXetai'Tt  XaXnov',cXtw-at, ioXkXal SE' ~yvvatUKE9
E\fWEV nXtcyt 1 ~aipeTot, 149 TOt Aao
Trp&TtCTCD &(SO/JEV, ET'V 7TOXIE OpOY e"co).tv.
77 EnL Kat %pVGo0V E7Tt(Sev'at, o'V,6 t  ''e
TP(O(AV 0=0a' Ir)V  oV KoG TLV oLTtv
Tpc   \ 8 1w ca(S~w a 'Iyayov, vX~os c'A'ta,         23
ov KU   e~     -'~y~a ") 7o         Axatv;
77 yvvatna VC~7V, 'va pLty~cac eV (f)xOTI7TL,
'kJVT av709 awrOVoo-t Ka7-io-XcaL;  ov~ 1-ev COLKEV,
ap~ov cov7-a, KaKWV E'71t/3a0-K'eLEZ vlat~ 'Axat('O.
CO WEWOVCI9, naK  MXye', 'Axatt'(Ses, 01)KeT 'Axatol&    235
Ot/ca(Se?rep 0VP V?7voi vcw'e&)JEa' 'rove (S' 54tecv
aivn-oi EM Tpi yEpa WTe7O/epv, b'cppa i(S7at,
~7 pa TI t %77/JlketL Wrp0oca/1voJLcv., 977 nat ovunt'
ol Kat v~vv       1e          pw 'A~tX'a, "'o I.L'y' a/'  W~a~  oa,
IlTI g7o-ev  E'X&j cyafp e"u 7' aL9, Lv'To9 a7Tov/paq.   240
CAXA f aX ouK 'AcXA~i XO'Xoq obpeo-w, atX'Xa\ /LE~l/LCOP
13 a\t 'v 'ArpE!t&,, viv 'GoTara Xwo3,f8co
But Odysseus rebukes and threatens him.;
tf  faTo VEtKELCtl 'Ayjaptwoa '-t1    a Xa~v
e~pO-1T7)* Tt~OA( coa   pvUT~Ov  77-lOSO(VO (A)V9,
nt i     0v 71o(pa 18C  XcaEWrO^9277VIlwae /ftl'Oco24
&E6po-ZTl a'KpbTO/LV0E, Xvyv, Wrep EcOw ayop97Tt,q,
xcJXO, /L?7( EGX  0lo09 Jpt /evat /3aOtXEVctLV.
ov yap efyo(A) OC 0ff7/Lt XEpELO'T6POV /3poTr'VaXXo v
e,.~Evat, b'crol a/2 'Arp~t~ c 48w, "Itov WXop.




IAIAAOB B.


35


'To OUKc av /8aa-Ar]aS~ Ava' (7IL' e~ywv dayopevot9,25
ical o40v o'VE~Et'8a 7TE wpo'Epot9~, lOGTOV 'TE abvX~oot9
oiW  ri7c ww  O-~a L2.Ev '77r(oS "o-Tat rc~ ' pya?7 eV?7E IcalcwS? vocYT?)uol-ev vtES A~twov.
[r0^3 viVV 'A-rpE!t8 'Ayajdzwo       T0LizEVt Xa~v
7o-at ovEL&~'OWV, 0,- Ol ~ka'Xa 7woX)Xas &Movo-iv            255
YJaWES' Javctot'- cv\ ~e KEpToFLEWoV ay70pcvEtL.]
aXX   eKc rot efJeW), To' 86E Kcal TETEXEO7.LevoV eG-Tat.
ELICEL 7  cpat'voipa Kct i(Touat, () i/VW  1WO,
/JAK7KE  E7FeLt-  08vqo KcafY97 ce0A/LOtG-tV EWrELfl,
p~8'r"t TqXepadXoto 7WCLT77p icKExqJALEvo9; eLJV,          260
E/1"7 E7  Y    a3V(W       LE    X   t E/IaT(
xXat-pav T' 178e XtTwOa, Ta T aIl'&W a(I[L~bKaXV'7TTt,
awrov 36\ KXatUOv/Tc Ooa\, c7Tt vn'a, aqlioncw
77rErdX~qflIwS a',yop-q- ev A(IELKE(Y(7L X~f'pow.7 tv
and smiles him, so that he sits silenced and weejing,~ while Mhe
others begin to lazwqh.
a'2cp' e'fri- ctKnfr7-pO) U pLE7-ac'bpevov q?76\ KClL C'O/~w  205
0r  e  - '8 teI/W'Oq, OaAcpol) &4 ot' e"KWEce 8lc/pv
C7bLO)tL 8 a/laacto-c-a 1.LL EctpiO  E VaiEC-m?)
CIK,77-Tpov vWo X~pv-o0v- 0     a~cp E'Tap/7(eV 76
a9X7 17(7c1  83 aj)fpEwvI/ Lroi, aW0[op~aO   ~V
Ot' 83 Ica~ aXvy/lJLievol 7tEp eWr' avT-r(O 7738' 76'Xaooav  270
(1'D8 83E 7tL9 ELWELYCGKE, CUMl ES' WX97ct7oP axxov.
'12 WOFrO, 77 ~7) [ti/pi  08V(7(evS' eGrOXa e~pyEP,
/3ovXals' T) J~a'pycv a'Iya~ca',? Wo'XE[Loi/ TE KCOpVC-O-WP
PUP 86\ TrOeE [LtE', a~ptoTov eV) 'ApyE'Otco-t  'e~EcEv,
05' TOP XW),77TCrq-p  EWE7re OAOI)o E0%X a'yopawi.           275
o1 OqV p-ttV 7aXtv a?3TL5' aPv?7'-Et Ovuo\O9 a'ylvo)Vp
VELKcELEt /3aIO-A7r/aS' O'VEt5EOvLSr' EWEE7(7V.




36


IAIAAOY, B.


Athena marshals the multitude to hear Odysseus.
~'f29  cd'oav  q'  7r q~y 'lS-  davL 8  0  WrTOXL7OpOO9~  0 &JO-07Ev'
eo7Tfl,  O7C1)7r~pov  6X 0V - 7wapca   3e rykavKOJw t  'A   rrq
Q / v l I I~PV K t,  O tC o w u, X c o  c hid ct,    8
(09l a/l   0 O'  1  Wrp(0TOt  rE  uct~ V1 7aTot vte9~ 'Ayato'w
pi3Oov dKOv'o-EWaV, Kcal EWt/pavo-caiao f  quiv9 o-0tv e?] o~povecov a'Y-opyo'-aTO, Kat /JCTIEC0tWEV
He speahs, of the shame to return empty, and of the great
sivrn of the snahe that ate the sparrow and her brood.
'ATpc!3 17, Piv 84 ace, a'va~, C'01Xovowv 'A~ato~
'irao-tv  IEXcEYXw-TOV  OE/Aczevat piepowca-o-t  /3poT~tw-Lv  285
0VW   TOt  'KTCXCOVOLtV   VW77X"  el)  r' c   ~Iw ra
EV~W6TL 0-TCL'XOVTE9~ a4' "Apy7Eo9 iww77o/30'Toto,
'I'XIV eKW~e'pa-avT EVTEteov a7TovEeoTOcat.
COOre ryap '7) 7at3E veapot, x-pai Te 'yvvatKES',
aXX4qXow-t oe vpovTat oiKlcoSE vceo-Oat.29
17 /Lv~ Ka?, v7ovo0S co-rIv ahV1706'va ve'cTOat.
Kat rca. 79~ 0' ova, /Ava pdtcvcov caw7 o\ ax6ot
acxaa                      opr Xc'a a-\v vnt woXv~ye  el ~Vep "'EXXat
XEtL/ 'ptat etXEOc( P  plO ~ )qTE OaXaa-a-a
17/iLtV  et'PaT09 eO-Tt 77-6ptTp07wew6V evtaVTo9?        295
eVOa~s Fpt/JVlJVT~C00t-.TO')% 0?) vcpcc(7L~wO/ -'Axat""
aoX~aa     7rapa VqiVO- KOP~fVtG-tV- aXXa\ Ka e`/t7Ti)
atc ~ p o v   ~ t  ~ p~ v  E  FL VE?,  K E VEO V   T E   V6Cco- at
TX)JTE, LkLXOL, Kat [etvll'T c71-c XpoYvo, orfpa 8awluev
77eTEOv KadX~a9 /LtaVrCVeTat?7E Kca OVKt.              300
Ev yap   ) 8 T -ose '21ev evi 4)pelv, e-e e 7aV~
fJkapT-VpWt 009~ Itd Kijpe9~ epjav OavarTot o e'povo-av




IAIAAOZ B.


37


X a TE KaU '7rpaoi, 51'ek AA1X8ca v~eg 'A~atciv
'qEpOovro, Kana Tlpt i C Ka' Tpcowl cb*'pouo'av
8 ap~ ~nep~Kp?)flPtepov' ara flo,1oi         305
E8o/hev 62Oavd'TOWo- TEVq6o-O-cL 6KaTo/L/3a9,?
cX~I)'w) 7w-aravioTre, '016V peV d'ey'a'v L8op
Ka, I ~o      t'&0      p
ei'vu ecpalvq p 1ya ofa. o pa'K(OV E7fl z'arzTa OacpOkvO,
oypep8ad'Vog, ro0'v j' al"TO Wk'Opimo,~ jICE foco-86,
fr1.o  l,.1,  fzps Aaw2fdU~o        p1YP            310
gpova 8p gio-az' cTTpovOoto veoo(7(tO, vtp7rta TCKVa,
0   6raKporaTC0, 'TE~aXOL9~ VW7OWEW7TflCOT69,
OCT(O), ai-ap /Jk?7Tflqp evaTil 7qP, 77 TE(CE TEKvaeV 0 ye roiw e'XEEUNa KaT27o-Oe Te-rtry7OTav.
/JA)Tlq-~~ 8' A/LoEroraiTo 08VpOl.tE'vf otWXa TeKvaZ    315
v8' AeXtX~d/Jevo,? *7rr eyVoS X6/3EPv djixta~v~av.
avapw4e KaT~& -reICv ecfa7e o-TpvO00-o Ka&b avrTljv,,
ToP /juev dpl'~1q-XO O?)/CE 0EO6 oo-7rep EXoflPEV',a~av rycp ptv goApe Kpo'vov 7ra-c, a7KV'XO/.Tflrea
77Lct 8' &rrTaT6re Oavpdi~olzev, olov ev'~xO'.32
Whence Caichas hadfirofihesied success in the tenth year.
0c9 OM~ 8etva\ we-c'opa Oeociv ela-W~O belarojk/a,&,
Kc Xa9 8' a"t'Vr(,' gweiTa Oeowrpowr&)v aJypevev'
MiTr aveoi &y660-0eo, Ka pf Iq O/W&JPVTE9 'Axatol;
17JP/.E  O8 Ec4flv Tepa9 pteya /LflTiETa PJ
21  2   f        ifSO  KXCO   IVO  XL~t
S#LiLLOP, O*1ILTEACG-TOV, OVKe, vrTA~i                   2
(04 OVToT' KaW1a TEKP eoarye a-TpvovOoto Kal aLTITl,,
oxc.,aa  /btlTflp evaT77 77P, 2q TEICE TEicvaCO7/JPELt Troo-o-aVT grea 7rT OXEp4/J  M it,
Tjo EIaT, 86 O6X     atp?'crop.ev evpvaryvtav.
ICELOS~ 0)9  P/O~vE  a 82 PU 7r fvTa TEX-A a&    330


la




38


38                ~~~IAIAAOY, B.


aXX  ye,p/M/JETE 7raVTE9~, EVKV71It8,LL&  'Axato(,
avTOV, Ets  ICEP c0-TV 1sc'ya Fiptapoto eXcOp.eV.
~'i29 6'OaT' 'Aprydtot 8e 1ie'y' 't~Xo-a1.kI &e iqeq
o-1.kep&aX'ov xov,4'/3,qcrav, ava-VTmOv ir' 'A~atwv9k'ov e~ratvn~o-aVTEs, 'Ouxo-~O'"1 OEtL'Ot.           335
Nlestor b~ids A treides disregard the foolish agitators, and divide the
host by tribes for battle.
TOWL f          6ia/LECtr Fp'ito'i'-ra Nrrw
-A27roW7ot,  8,q 7rato-tv GCKWOTeS~ cwyopaaoTOe
a'  I~~ JV NEL 7rXXeF     a   p.
7r17) \) (IVVOEO-ia& TE Ka~ \6op/ta /32oEracu?' tv
IEV 7)1p~b 87\ /3ovXal TE ryevotaTo, A~r)8ea T ava3pw5v,  340
cr7rIov~al 7' 4'KpYI~o&ia\I t3e~tal, 7'  '7T7TO/ev.
avTeO~ fyap p~ e7rkEO0O ept~atwvo/)v, OV86 rT lk'xos~
'ATp E tfl, 01) V\  EG M C( 7rptv~ eXj  ao(7TTe/4a /3ovX~v,
ape    'AyLOW-6 KaTa~ Ipa7-epa,~ vyluva,~              345
TOW-& 8' Eat 0btvv'Oetv, e'Va xab &O, TO' /CEZ/ 'A~at65v
Voo-,btv f8ovXdw'Oc' - cAvvo-ts~ 8' OVUK g'O-o-ETat aVTWV~ -
'n-p'w "A ta-'vat, wrptV Kat ZkO airyto~oto
rypc/e~vat?) Te *68~o9~ bVoO'xCOt~, 77E Kat OVKCt.
6f)L yap oVV KaTavevO-at v7repp~evea Kpovt'cova,35
iytaTt TO), OTE i/I) V0LV f7r (A)KVWOpOLO-WV e/3atvov
'Ap~ydot, Tpco'eo —t 006vov lc~Ka xpa cfxpovT6c9,
acrTpa7rT7&w CME~t t, evaiotptia a- f aTa cfaivow.
T(A) /1L?) Tt9~ 7rptv EW67revcOo) oLtKO'v& 7veeoOat,
7rpttva ~rap TOpa~  'jxO,   KaTaKcotuj0)Ofvac,35
'rio-ao'Oat 8' 'EXe'?7 oppp/L va re -Owvax co9TE
SeL' Ttl~ e'c7r fyXwq 'O-Xet o'KV W evecToOat,




iAlALAO2 B.


39


a~rC(TOC lq~ Mvl EVO-O-Xp~oto,.tcXaizr7qc,
Oofpawp~o'of  a"XXcwv O'va~rov cctv~lo        rto-vrrj
azXXa., avca~, a'Tor's' r ev"P [L1eO  WEO 7M'6T AXXO)      3b0
OUTOL a17o0/3X17T0)EOP~ 6"EJO;C"ETat O'TT1 KCEJ EW(0O
cptv' av~pas' Kcar  Obv~a, KacLaa Ofp-'pa9?, 'Ayqejmtvov.,
KEP (O' E;, KIca TO  Owvrrat 'AXatot,
ryco- EWL U, O      q Li?7/V(l)V KackOS, OS; TE v'v XaciOv,  365
os; K' EG-Oxo\, epO-  KTE  aTfa,9 yp,IcaXEO/ a
ryVCocTat 8',?)1 KLat Oeo-7Tcot'9 7T0Xtv) o1JK   aa-raE
41 av~pcwv cacO'T~77T K iat aopacLiy 7wX'oX to.
Agamemnon firaises his counsel; and bids them Ire~hare for
battle, and eat.
To\v 3' L~aFL.etj3%PjZVOS~ 77p Eoo'fn Kpet'aw 'Aryqlkeltvov '
1~  air-  yopy fLCty~pov', vcta 'Ayat&-.                7
at fya'p, ZeV- TE 77-a'TP cat 'AO~qvat',q Iat `AwoXXov,
T0t0vT0& Ulma 1.Lot avU  pa'84tovec' elev Aaco
70) KE Ta?JfLWTELE 7roL  HpaLoto avaKTQ9,
XepotW VJ'O 'i[L7/TEPpL- )aO   LT   7rCpOO/.LeZ17 TE.
a'XXa ao& a yioXo,; Kpovt,8v~ Zev\, a'ixyE' e3IKev,        375
kS pLe 1.ke7 avrpylcKTov, ept&?t' Kcat veticEa /3tiXet.
Ia yAp 4,yo\) 'AxtXE1~ TE /JXLta   [Eff ELJIEca Kco~p
dVZTtf13`0L9 6WEE0if LV, e'yco)3 7lp~ov XaXE77at`VWAV
et ~E WOT7 6"~ 7E6 /'a~V /3OVXEV'OO/LEV, OVIKET EWELtTa
Tpcoc~tv Ava/3Xqav KacoV' E'0-0-ETat, oa~?7/33atoV.       380
I)VV   C EPX~60-O E771 6t 7EVOV, Wa  Yvva'yo)/LEV "A pqa.
EV) /AkEV TtLV 8'PV ffq~a'tCOW, EV' 0a avt~a 0lEot1W),
Ei' 86 TtlS 'tWW7OtCLtV  L7'3c ELWOV 30'TO) COKV77O'EGOTYV,
E   4Ttl' a'p/=TaoIa'; /.z\ 18&~o 77TOX /oto bLEUGAAOc




40


40            ~~~IAIAA0S B.


COn Kce 7traZ?7/Jeptot o-T7vyep( Kptvw,/1&O "Ap~qE.       385
ou ryap 7wavcoA~ IYE fLETEC~CETatL, ov'8 7i',3atov,
etP q vi~ E"XOovo-a '3taplVwee [LVoS~ a'v'3pwv.
18PLo)GYEb ILLEV TEV) TEXa/1~ov a/1Alt G-T7'0jOE-0YLV
aCurwros ap    OT9por, 77rept '3'  XeE X~tpa Ka[lEtTatL
t'3p~o'GYE 8'T6 7V L'7M-0Q~, ev-1OOV a~p[la 7TtCLLV(A.    390
ov8'/C 'yj~V, V~oe7,a -LX,(,,eXV~ e,, '-('tV7lctp\ L7v- KOp6dVtG-tV, 07) OL EWrEtTc
apx~tov Euo-euTaL 4Ovycetv Kv'vas. W' olcovot's~.
The Greeks s/Zr like waves: Agarnemnonhjrefiares a sac4'ice
and calls the chiefs.
tifq e"baT' 'ApryElot S\ /Iy'' '[t'aoV, &)q OTE KVca
(ITy ()V(IJy OTE ct K    'll7-y  60  ~a                  395
(TKOTEXO                 EX07)'
7rpo/3'X~pt GV0r'Q-T\      '077r0TE KVLLCTa XeL'7
7ta7ZJTOLOW ~V ae(Aw, 07 ((/ V   eVc yEVcolVTat.
a7O'TYaPTE'j'3 OPEoVTrO, K6c8cYOE'VTE9~ KaTa 77a9~,
KaWTVtc'G'av TE Kca7-cT KXt(7Ct'a Kat~ 8JELTvO7 6'X0VT0.
adXXos' '3' a'X~w `p~eE OEov7 aC~tEIyE7/Eacow,            400
evO/J&LV09~ OaPaT6v 7E cfvyEwt Kat /IL0)Xov "Apyos'.
aurap 0 I8ov'v iepEVGOEV ava~ atNp0p)7) 'Aya,4'.vaw
7lobpa, 7TeVp6   oiVrp/~VtKpo7/iawu
/ELKcTKEV    yep va~aptO-T?7at Havaatcoy,
NE&T~opa.LLev Wrpw7o~-Ta7c Klt I'3/JEw~tva ctaKvla,      405
av'cpE7~     A~t1aTE 8'3i  Ka\ Tvu'oq oV16,
CKTOV '3 az)7' 'O8G'3cia, ZttI /D7TLP a'TaXalJTOV.
av70,LzaT70 8'3 01' 7'XOC /30'jV a'ya~O~ Meve'Xao,~ji'ee ya~p ca~a\ OV/IW/o a'3EXfEo\V c6 EWOVdT7.,831 o 8z\ & WE6p1ff7?7(TCW 7E KCt~t 0AOXVTa  a'VeX0VTo-  410
-roto-v '3' 6V~X0,PV0Sq,LLTEo'qfl KpiCtW 'A-yap-k'jVow.



IAIAA02 B.             4


41


Then offers thisisrayer.
ZEI3 ICV'8t0UTE, /JE'W ceXatv~cjOE, cttO'pt va'aw
ito wpv ~' 'Xtov  -~vat Ka' E'r' KVE'c9 e'XOE6V
TrptV 1L6 icara 77rpipqv /3aX&ev Hlptailoto pzE'XaOpov
a&OaX oe v, 7rp~-,Ta& & C' vvp oS, &q t"o  Ovpe'rpct,  41 5
'EKTO'peOV 86'x %Lval~ Trept oqOcaut 8at~at&
xaXKct' PcyaX6'ov  WO7rXeeS~ c3' '-  aUTo') e'Ta'po&
7rpv6E ~vKOVIOLV'3c Xa ~oocTrO ryaiav. ~
They then sacr~/Ice andfeast.
`1f2' `baT'- OM'c' a'pa W&O 01 e7rEKpaiaLve Kpovtowv
djXX b'tye 86KT~O /kEV lpa', 7Trovov c3 qckeryaprov O0eXXcu. 420
auTap e7etE p Ev'~aVTO, Ka1t 0vX0XVTa, 7Tpoi~aXOVTO,
avepvoctv /.4v 7t'PJTa, KCa& go~a~aV KCU, cc` tpav,
/1flpolWc T         K~~,4OaTa TE /CV~cr07 EIXVa
&W~TvXa, Wrolo7-aVTE9, eW7 aVTCOW c3  iO&)j0Eo-av.
Kc~ a T    p v  p or~i~p cr~ Xowtv aKcLTEKatoV          2
a-77ray7va, c' cAp' a/'l-melpaVTES~ Vw7el'pE~ov 'HobaioUTOW.
avTap Ewd~ Kaca'1-L /P) EKLaf Kal cwXcayyv' e7rao-aVTrO,
1LLcTTVXX0Z) T' dpa T'nMXa, Kal acu4 6Ao/3co-tv e7retpav,
co~T'q-aVTE  rpta8'rr' JpV'o-aVTO' TE '7ra'vTa.
avTap cEW-t 'n-av(7aVTO TrOVOV TETVKOP-TO TE c84-Ta,   430
aVrap EWEL 7fl00LO9 Kal c&8pi7o /04 po E PTO
Nestor bids Agamnemnon linger not, but gather the host forfight.
TOZI9 apa It~Ovw X~pe. Fepjzuos' &i-w6rOTa Nc'rrCOP
'ATp6!'fl K68tGL-TE6, cava~ awc~p(A- 'Ayac1tqwvov,
/LflIKETI VWJ 877?0 a~WOt 'XeyC/e~a (tvqS' e"r4 83qpo~i  435




42


42            ~~~IAIAAOM B.


Zta/4aXXwo/~LeOa E'pyoP, 3',9 Oeo'~ eyyvcal~et.
Atxc a"ye, lC?7PVKel~ /ie1J 'A~atnA'v Xa/otrj'v(
Xao'v KJpvO-ovTE9~ ayetpoZJTWJv KcaTa?ta&
77LtS  ' 'Wp'ot '& cKara\ u~paro  ev~pv~v 'AXat6:
t0,Lev, Oc/pat Ice Oao-oov eyelpolkev 0'jVv "Ap'qc.       440
`dl2~ E"aT   ov3 a7rt'OqcoEv da~a  atvpJev 'Aya1.E1cv(w
avrTica KcqpVKE0-0-t XtryvOOOry~yot-t KE'XEuOre1,
Ka~l~oocw7roe/lkovae /Ca,  KotwvTaS~ 'Axatoi's.
They assemble, Athena helping to incite them,
ol pUev Ei'CIjpvo-o-ov, Tot 3 ~ydpovTo /.kX' wlca.
ol ' Jpb' 'ArpEt wa 8to-rpeo/ee9 I3ao-tX-es            445
Ovh'ov lcpi~vowi-E,? pe'7-aL 83 yXav/cwIvtS, 'AOc7'Pnq,
atyt3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EpIT~~~~~~~~~~~~l/o~v, ayylpaov, c~vr  e
Tf791 EKaT-OV Ovaoavoe. 7wayXpveot?7cpe`Ooirrat,
vv'res' ic'cXkS, E/caTO/43,0t09~ 3,E e'caO-ToI?.
7TVV  7T'atcfaicYLovO-r 8be0G-7VTO XaO~v 'A~ataw,      450
&rp14vov& ie'vat- ev 8' o~e'vo,? &po-ev EKaO-7To)
icap~iy, 2'X'XI7yT0ov W7XeJU',E tv '8  -  oO
T0W~t 3' coacp w6oXc/zo, 7Xv/,IdwV YE'VET',?I7E\ vecGOat
ev vnvo-i yXavfvpio-c O'Xiv e, 7n-arpi'~ yat-av
like fire in a forest, orfiocks of birds, or swarms of flies.
'I15T   Vnip&3jo  wf~e       "f7T7     q Xv        455
oivpcoq eV xopvo,bjs, EaO cv 8' TE Oat5'PErat av'y7)'
a't'ykvq ral-4avornoa 3t ai'e'pa? ov~pav)ov TcEV.
T(~w 3', WOWJ-  O'Pv&Owv 7XETE?7VCOVP ecioa 7TOXXa,.
Xr'qVO n yIEpaVIWV 2 KtJKVCJ) 8ovXX0o8paw                460
'Aclp Jv Xetl-kvt Kacw-ipi~ov a'pobt p6e'eOpa




IAIAA02 B.


43


EVAa Ka't EvpOc 7roThWvTat -a'yCaX6O/Jteva 71TEpvye(7o-tvy
KXacy7yq80V 7TpQKa04volTofl, c/lkapatyeb 3E TE6 XELULO
(0S? TCov Coiiea 7ToXXa veo'jv ct7O KaZL KXtO-taCOv
E9  ES O 7retV7-POXoXEvTo I~qki~tv   av'TaLp v'io X0(\0   465
o-)uep&aXeov KOV6/3L~C Wo&J-)v aV'TO'w 'r Ka& t7r7raw.)
f'arav 8'C E) XctuiAcovt X~KalLalv~pt'6o a~LZJ-O'e/ZTt
twpot oo-o-a -re vbXXa Ka\1 Mm~ 7i7L'YeraL  p
'H6'TE /.LvtawvI aLeLva'wv ecOveat 7roXXa',
aLt'e Kara~ a-Trapo/v 7wotjwfiov qXaGTKOVUOtV,             470
7el) etaptLvy, OTC TE ryXayo9~ ayy   vea
T00    11   Tp '6o-ot Kap' 1 KOFL'OWPTCES 'Axato\~
eV we,61'p Lt'VTavo, 8tappatto-at [Lepa~coTe~./
The leaders, like goatherds, order each his own flock: Agamemnon
in the midst like a bull among tihe kine.
ToVS~8' (oUT' aUWO'XIt 7rXaTE' att70)v a wo'Xot 4VWpe9~
peta &talpiho)catl, evetE KE l)O/J.Lf) LLYEO)OtV          475
(09~ 70V9?p/E/J4PE9~ &!EKOO.lkEOl) EPOa Ka~t El/OCa,
ievaZL  ALpe'a ~eKEol 'A yalidu. ow
oplapkaTa Kat KC f aXqv LKEXOS' Jtt TepwLtKepavvlwc,
ApE 8,E P('Mq, 0TTEpPG V 8S\ TI00ctEaL&Lm~.
~)UT /     Iv Jy'pb A/     4oo9ErEO,tTO                  460
Tavpo'r 6 ryap -re /36eo-L /pectrapEvet (17p0/t evaq-tv '
TomO ~p' 'ATpe!`aqP OqKE ZCo\1?717/LaT1 KEMPO,
EK77-pe7Te El 7WoX-Xo'LGcTL Ka 63'OXOV q7p(iec-0-l.
0 Muses, aid me to tell the muster!
"Ec-werET Vvi- p~ot, Moio-at 'O'X' 7wta & 'aT' e"ovo-aiv
i~~t'?ryap0  EU0TC, VatpEO-TE T6, LU-TE T6 7TaV)Ta,    485
)1Lpt,9 86\ KXCEO9 O'Zo) a'KOU'o/Jev, ov58 Tt urbtEV




IAIAAOM B.


OMTVE9~ /Ie/loVe9~ Java(Aiv icac, Kott 1 vot o-"cay.
7WX?)Oiv' (' Ov'IC AV &'y(' [t4vOyo-oLat, OM',(3 OVO1.qvco.
Ov(3 EL /.ob (3Eca /1e'v ryXW(7(cat, seaecc (3 a-T' CCT7 CElei
qov~(3 appI7KTO9I, X,4XKEO1) (36 /LOL, -)TOP E1VELI         490
el, 1LL? OXV/1A~dcL(3E MoiDo-W, z1o,, cayto~oto
OvyaT-E'pE9, pvw7rataOI 6, b'-o bwr "Ixtv,XOoV.
2apXow~ au' v/1wv1 YepW, La9~ 76 wpovaraOYX.
The Boeotians.
BOLW7T6nJ FL-l) II1771)6XC60J  cal, AqItTOI~ -qX
'ApKccotiXao's~ 76  IpoOo02)Vcop Te K-Xovt'o9~ 76'          495
Ot' 6  Tpi?)v 6EI)ELO1)T0 KLaL AvlaXa& 7eTEp?7Ecoc-av,
'XoZ16l 76O TIK0),COXO'V 76, 7TOXVK1)?)/.LO'V 7' ETEO)VoQV,
&cT7I-Etav,  pa~V 76 Kat evpvXOOJM         aqov
OL 7 ap4)' clAplkl e1)e/V0 1T  Kl~ AEcXtov Ica\ 'Epl'Opa9,?
of' 7 'EX6' ELXO1)?7'TXqv1 KaL. IIEE76wCv,50
'dfAcaXE'rn7, ME(3&64ad 7' eVK7I,LC~t1.01) 7rTOVoXLOpv,
Kawa9r, Ei"T'qpyo'v 76, 77OXVTqpypova 76 (1-av
Ot T  Kopo'vetav Kab Wot?7o6l)O "AXt~apTov,
OL 76 FlXarTataii e`V 27( O8' of\ XW`-avT7 e1)e/JP0VO,
t0' T         8w/3s etXo1), 'EVK7tlLZJVO1 W77OXlEOp 07,   505
07YXWqG-7 0'O lepOP, ffoc-t8 ytov adYXao~v dXa-os,
ot 7E 7rQXvc77aLJVXov 'Apinjv ey"iv, ait 76 Mt83Ecav,
Nwaiv 76 ~40'aO&v, '.AvO27(36va T' ec~T66-v
TWV1 [LEP 7TE1)T77Kop)7a vc669 KLov ' eV) (3e cKaWT~f
Kcovpot. BotcoTc~v E'KaTO\V KaLb eI0t'l~o   /3aLtVOZ.       510
The Minyae-realm: its leaders sons of A res.
O'c (3' 'Aao-7Xq(36va i'atoi 18 'OpXo0/tL61/ MtLZ4eLOY,
TCV'rX' `ACK&Xacoo9 KaL. d'IXpevo9~, Vlc9 "Ap?)os,,




IAIAA02 B.                4


45


ovs~ TreKce1 'Aavo'vxy, &0jtto "AlcTopos~ 'A4E`8ao,
7rapOEvos' cd'8ot'ij, v'-repxOw'Eiov laua/3iia,
VAp4,q KpacLTp9 0- O 8fo'apeXe~aTro XadOpyp5
Tot 3         vTL2KlTa 7Xacjtpa' iv'cE9 Eo7LtXO T
The Phokians.
Avi-rap 4wicoc cov 2'XE&ios~ KctL 'EwiCrpo~os~ 7jpxov.,
VelS Ic-biov /peyaOvlov Nav/3oXticao
ot' KVwraptcOvOO e"XOV, HIVO6-twc TE 7we6p?5eufoav,
Kp'toav re ~aOC~V Kat zav-ki'z Kal H~avowira           520
o " r Avc (pwl t~  a  T6,.L7rO'XtV aL~cf'E1LOvrdO,
Ob' r' a~pa wrap wroralkv Kqoto&5v 36-ov c'vatov,
Ot TE At'Xauav 6'o  '7r'ql  fwi K970fmoo,
8' a,/4aL TeOYapaKcolTL /JXatcLv?)Sa eorz
0t /.Ev ~k(OK1oj(v o-rtXaE Zo-Taav a/J4JLEWQoTev52
BQ.T6WV 8' ' ~7r-Xqv e'7r a'pt-Tep a\ OwOpilfoYG-vTO.
The Locrians.
Aolcp-ov c3 'ep/[O~vevev OL7X?7OS1~ TLLXv9 A1a9,,
/I.ECwV, oiVrt 7O-oS-01 ey b'osoo TeXaLUo'vto, Aras,,
aXVa\ 7roXi' [lEI'wvJ O'Xi'yOS /.ze~v efqv, Xtvo~op~q~,
e~yXeLt c3 EKEKTOHaveX'    vs K~     Axatov'           530
ob' KAV~PO T' eVeLovT7 '7Owtv~T KcaXXtapv re
B-q-o-ai'V TE XK-,Ca'pofnW TE Kcau Ag',yedt9 epaTEU'aS'l,
Tc4psornV TC &JpPLO'VV Te Boavyptov apotf p5e.tpaap3'~4a T-EO-o-apalcwPTc bXat~vat -')9~or
Aolcpcw, ot v-atQoVJL 7tEP77V top-J9 Ei5/3oilq,.
The Euboeans.
Oi 3' Eb3,3otav e'xov PEvec 7WZJEOVT64 AE9 TC;
Xa'Xidt'a T' Elpe'TplaiP TIE 7roXvCa'OJVXO'V 0' 'I~la —iaav,




46


IAIAAOS B.


K~pt'Oov T' C'4aXov, ZAt'ou 'r aiwiV' 7wroViOpov,
' -re Ktipvo-rov "   ov  ' oit' -Y-'7pa  7'ate~aao-Kov
TCIJV   avO?7 tO' EU  'E Xeo   vcop,  05os,  "A  pqos,   54
XaXKwO(oV-taC8&qS-,,ttcyaOv11p4cw azpy3', 'A/3'v'rcov.
TO) (3' 4' `A/3cav-re,~ ~rovro Noti, 0`77-tOcv KCo/.tOWPTE'
atX/Lli7a4, 1-tc/IaOY7-E~  OpeK7-9OWt   /keXt'pT V
\Ocopqtcat /Y4~et (3'q[wv a4lzo 0omqO co-a-tv'
70  3a/Las -rco- apaKQov-a,tXatvau  vlq-cS  g7'V O *   545
At(hens and Salamis.
O't  (3ap'  'A O vas- cIxov,  c~lmnt'4c1Vov  7r'rT ict ov
'S^tov 'EpcXOjL'os p/cyaXi7'opos~, G' wo'-r' 'AO'~n
OpEJtC, ZIo' Ovrya'Tp, TEKEc 8(3' ~e'8ayopos "Apovpa,
K a (   (3'   'v   ' A4 0 i >   c h c, &   %   w io\   i,
Ma&~3 itv Trav'potot Kcal apvcLt'v~ ixadozrat              5 50
KO, OL'AO17vca  w,  wc e 'XXo/p46vow   cvtav   WV
TrOW aDO?7E1elloVeV VtlO~, HCTcC(2 McvcG-Oct~70  (3                              7E r'T l   OP FI   ~tX 0 0~l   VET  Clnp
K~o-ul?7o-at L7FWOV9 TE Kat avepaL9 aff7rt&w',ca,.
Necmrcp o'tos? k'pt~cv- 6 yap 7rpo-ycveo-rcpo9~?7ev       55 5
(   3 a /la.  7tcLJTr 7IC~vTa   /LE X( C CU V7 E9 7  07/Tro.
At'a9 (3' cK -14Xajuvo9? acycv (3votaI(lc~a Pn7a9
[or o-cc (3' dYowv, CYv 'AOqvaiow0 Zo-TavTroO  4Awyyeq.]
Argos and (he;zezglborinzg places.
O't\8 ('"Apyoq 7- e17xov, Ltipvv~d 're TctXtcca-oav,
'EpIIt6Vflv, 'A(7ti1v 're, /3aOu'v Kara\ co'X~rov c7Qv7a9~.  -560
Tpotnfr' lHio'vas- Tc,cat a/wcrXocv'r' 'Ewc(3cwpov,
ot 7 16X07 A'"Ywa v, Ma        rc-a -, nov~poit 'AXat~o,rcov  aj5O  77yeptvcvc  /3o?\v  a'ya~o\,9  4tp




IAIAAOS B.


47


KcatXOE' veXo9, Kawravi~o9 a'yaK'XetToV cjo9"O Vt'09
Tot-t '3 a,tk' EL'ipiXo,~ 7pITaTO'; KIEV, 10-0E0901 tfro?  565
MIWCTCO-I~o v[ol TaXaiovt'8ao a~vaKTOo'.
o-V/J7TcaVT)V '3?77"-EE0 /So?'V a'ya~oS,~ Z1Lop,7'8?)'
TOWC8'3 al/bL O'y8'KOVTa, /wAaw at v?')eq 67OVTO.
O'c'  MVK 'a,? Exov, JVK71/bkEVOV 77TOXIEOpOV,
a'0V~to'V TE KO'pVOOV, Ji c'nptevaq 'Te KXEWVJaSq,      570
O0pVEta'q T' E'VelO4VTrO, 'ApatOupc'flV Tr EpaTELV7)V,
ca't o'KVJ, 50ap' Aoy-79w&             EIc,8 t/3 Xevev,
o~0  TEP'qG0-L?7v TEK V t7ELVPJV FoVoEIIaV,
TIEXXI)VV 7' C~xov, W3 AityL0v acL[LcxV6/LOVTO,
Al`ytaX6'V T' ava\ W6aVTa, Kca~ tcf al EXL1Kip ev'pedav'  575
TCOV EKa/TOV V?7(V Y7PXE KPEIO0V A~[E/J V(A)
'A~pc2,q a/ qta Twt) ye 7iro-Xv' 7XEFTTOL Kal apWIToL
Xao~t 6EWOVT" EV ' av'Tosl? eU3v7ct-aT V&)p07Ta XaK'
KV&tOWaV, O'T~t waot IIETE~p,6tEV flp(WEITIYL7V,
OVVEK aIpUO7TO; Ely, 7TOXv\ 3E\ WXEIOT-ovS~ ayE Xaoz"?.  580
Sjiarta and the neighboringjilaces.
Oi' '3' EIXOV KOIXIJV AaWcE&a'/Jova K77TWco-aV,
PalptV TE X77rapTl)V TE, 7TQxvTp -Jp&)va TE MCGroqVs
BpvOEIa6, 7' C'VCE.LOVTO Kat Av'Ycta, cEpcaTUVas'?,
o'rap ' AnK-Xas~ E LXOV, iiAoS~'7, E7~a-Xov 7rTOALEOpOV,
Ot Te ALaCav Eb(ov, 7'3  OLtTvUXov a/1L(06VE/Jk0VT7    585
TWV' iI'&XEI4E; i)pE, /3o')v ya&(s MEVE'Xao9,,EHKOVTL vE(oV, a7ra7TCPOE 86\ 00)PI/O-COVTO.
'3'a&-~~ KIE  01  pOV/Lyt 7TE7T0O19
OTp vIov 7r-toXELV3  FUXLTc '3 ccz- 0vi~
Irtao-Oat 'EXe'vI  op/l?7/LaT( 7E 07Ova~aL9 7E.         590
Ot 86 FIIV'XOV 7' E'VE/b.OVTO KaiL 'Ap7)V7)V cpLTELV4jV,




48


IAIAA02 13.


Ka9 pt'ov, 'AXUJXLoZ  7rpov,  \ 3L J.L AO A~r /,,ct Kvwapto-o-Ev'  ica 'Aft&ei v~va
Kcat HXEl     a   Eos    a4pvgOa TE Movocau
av'roi.,cvct &c'ltvptv -rv &9p'ifcc wav'oav a't8        595
OQLXaXt~nOev16 tvl)TC -,ap IEV'pVT-ov OIxca~t-qo
YT-evTro yap evXoIJevoS~ vtK?7JEFLEL'v, e7tvep (a av-ral
MoD oat aet(3otev, Kcovpat Ato\s alyto'Xto.
at c x~oX   ail4evat in-qpov Nowt, ctvTa~p Aot(32)
OE(-7WE01?7,V a(/)Giol)TQ, KatLEKcXE'XaOov KtOapI(tclJ —r
7r(01 ai'?77e/JAVEVE Fcp~q'vtoS t7r-77-67a NE&0co(p
TO) (3 qVlc7ov-ra yXaL~fvpaC veEES eoTx~co'r
A rca dia.
Ot' (3' ' ov 'ApKa(3i'wq, Dw7ro KvXXrv~~o   ~6
Aiwi7rvc-ov wrapa -TV/43ov, tv avcpe~ atyXtIJpcXqrpai,
ot' (PEveO~v 7r eve/ovTo Kcat Op~o[LEvo 7n-oXi~v'/qXoV,  605
C,q~v Tc, XTpat-t7)  TEK  PCVfLEY/ t  E)xfv
Kat Terye"qT ctxop Kcat Map-rtwev eparetinqv,
7r'O-X'r e'txov, Ic' I ~PPaaI7?) CveLOVTro
TOW~ ~77PX 3AYtcalto wa7r, KcpeL7)v 'Aya77-op
E~)KOVTca veOwv  WoXeE~ (' eV P77t eiKao —y
'Aplca'8E, a~v(pe,~ /3V0V 67LLta/L7 V   A 7OE/J4'ELtV.
avO      0tvp LYjb (CKeV a~va~ azap~ow 'Ayaplza
v ~a(~ EUTLEX/.zoQV, wcpctav e~rt otoLva7Tr opTroV
'Arpct(3ire7T o01 o-ft OaXa'o-o-a e~pya fLte/L)XeL.
Elis and the islands.
O&' (3' Jipa, Bovwrpacct6'v TE KcaL "HlXt3a, 8t'az evatov, 61
OOOO   3     cTpl-k /y Ka\ M /powtos?' OXa7-o'aoXa,
7reTp 'g. T!2E    c Ka UAX Tw  EVTOS~ CEP7EL




IAIAA02 B.


49


q9                                    e
Trwv av Tco-capcs~ ap~ot eoaP. Ulca 3 a'v~p? bcaao~co
vqinc ewozro Ooai, 7oXenS 3' el tv3tov 'vEWEWI.
Triw.Lev ap' 'Aj il.a~os~ Kat @aXvtos~ ',ycqo-GOqv,62
vtes', 6 tte KTEdTov, 6' 3' 'al' EpTiOV'A opvs'
TOw 3' 'A11tcpvylc87t3 q;p' lcKpaTepos' A tw)pqls'
vtos' Ayao-Oeveos' Av'y7iapftao atVaKTroS'.
Ob' 3' eKc ZOVXtXL'OLO, 'Exiva'wv 0' iepa'wv         625
vIN-ovw, a~ vc v6tiovo-t vepy ~Xs,"HXt~os' Vava
Trov ami';y7E/LO'Peve ME'yqs', dLTaLXaVTOs' "A py4E
OP~t'q~,0 -t'IKC- 8dotXos; ' iww6'a (1kvXev',,
w0~ 7om JOVXit'xv3P' aCL7TE~a'ocTaTO, 7ra7-p~t X~~
8 3' -4a 7co-o-apactov-rat LHawatVIcz I inesE77OVTO.  63'
Av'-rap 'O8vo-o-ds~ ' )ye Ke/5aXXivcas',ttya04V/Lovg,
I 0 IcaK'v71` ELo KcXa N~it )Tov ElPO~JUXV
Kac                      a t( KPOKi XEt' EVEF~LOVTO KGL\ A',yiXtwca r'-xE'ay
D/ TE Z4'KvVOoV " OV, i3 O~'   OV Io OV'r
It T1?)TElO ExL   3 4z'tI  pctve I   rr              3
pr  v  'Oe o —e 'pXc, zt?,U)T -  &tv '-XaJJTos'
rO3 3' a'/.k V7-es,' E7OVTO 3v '8EKa b-LtXTQ7ta?7L
Aetolia.
Al-rwX-c-v 3' Ip/ELTOr 1906as, 'Av~pa' ovos' u[6s',,
o" JJXEVPOW V EIPEJLLOVTO KaLL F2xe7)ov q'8(c U1vx~v
XaXKi'8a Tr adYxitaXov, Ka-Xuvcwva r T7-weTp'4eooav-  640
ov~ y7p e-' Ol'1A7os' /1_teax'Topo9? vbcc('?7o-av,
ov'3' alp' e"-' avl',o e17v, Oa've 8' ~avO\5s' MEX' Eaospm3' 3'7   r 'PZT' E'7ETaXTo a'vaooqL EV A bTCOXO-TL
TnJ 8 atpaL -reOccpaKQvra /keXaLvat P17cs' eWrovro.




50


50              ~~~IAIAAOF, B.


Crete and Rhodes: with the story of Tlhyolemos.
Kp~qTw&v 8' 'I8owe7nci>  SOVpLKXVTOI?)57e/k5vevev,     64
od KPWCoo- T' eiXoP, FOT~pV7c TE TrEtXtoecucav,
A1SKCTOV, MtXqTp-6v TE Kat ap7WtO'EVTa Av1KaU-TOV,
c1PatGcTT  TE 'PV'TLOV TE, 7ToxetlS ev vaLETawcoas,,
AX'Xot 0', o'c Kp 'Tq7jv E'KaToJ/L77ToXLZ a/4EL~V6'/L0VTO.
7W' aLEVcp' ThOILEVEVS~ tOVptKXVTOS'?,)yE/CLO'VeUEV,6
M~p~v~ ra a 7{cr7o'EvvaXi'&o a3pdo'vr
TOWUt 8 a'   0  CO7&OKO'a J-LeXatvat vl'1c~e7E TOVTO.
TXywvoXcpko,~ S' CHpaKXctI&I~, q7lJ~ TE [LEya'~ TE,,
'P68ov 'pv'avqta, aryev' ToPo'wv a'yepct'Xyz-'
Ob PO'80V a/A4IEVe[-LO)TQ 8ta' TpLXa co K007JtkEL'TC~,65
Ati4ov~, 'ItXvOz'V T6 Kal apyLV6OEVTcL KcItcitpov.
-rcWv psv TXq~Wc/XE,LLS 80VpUACVTO"( q7yE/6PO')VEVV
TIE''AO-TVO'Xetca /3  C HpaKcvqdl
7repo-ac aO-Tea 7roXXa' &to-pE~be'ov ai1~q 5.            66c
TX~qr'qw6Xqsos~ ' eWe't ovI) Tpafob7 eP perya'pwp Ev7T7T
avTtica wcTa-pOI eoto cO1Xov /~7pqoTp KaTEIKTa,
1   y~auccolVTc Aw 1    vtp0', 6'5'ov "A pqo0~.
ai    a  ' v~cs - a fl7~, 7woXiv 8' 6' rye Xcva\ ua'
le'Oe YWVe7Tt 7TO'VTOV  a7rcIXflra-v rycp 01 c'iX" o   665
V1EES~ VIOJZJOL TE 8tU)7,? Ipa/Ai7EU17S~.
avap0y E,~ 0oo     t       w?'a ttevo,~, a ~y ao-Xco
TptX0a\ 3E" ()K7)Oev KaLTcafvXa8O'v, n'' er/t'Xq0ev
CC /At0,S', 00YTE t/E0Wt Kcat avp cnvototi) avacclet.
[icat' GO-Wt- 0E~EG-710GV 7irXOVT   KaTEXeve Kpoil'wv.]   670
The islands.
Ntpeviq ai5 ~V/J/?79ev a`7c Tpe'tS? Pi'jas? etca9,,
Ntpctvsq, 'Ay~atly' vils',, Xapwo'75Oo T' avaKCTos~,




IAIA&02 B.                        5


5 1


NtpJevk,, O' Kcc~Xo-7-o,~ aJv7p vi7wo "IXtov 9XOEV
Ttwv a'XXcwv  ava~w' /.eTr a4i-tvaova lqb7Xetcoz'c
a"XX' a'Xawra&'o,?6`97P, wiav-pos 86' ol' J'we~o -Xao'(.  675
O'L 8' cApa N'o-vp6'v r' ELXOV Kpc~avaO'v 're Kao-ov' TE,
\a1 K~ov, Ei'pvwi'Xoto w6oXt, W?)OOVo' -re K~~v
TOJZJ az, ~Pe~twWVro' Te ca~t 'APrt/os? ',qr'~v
@eo-oYaXov' vle 8vo  CHPaKXE!&Lo a~vafiTQ9.
70S't' 3E\ T~tq)KovTr ryXacfvlpa~t VEE9 Eeo-t7L'(Oa O.    68o
Northern Greece.
Ni~v ai' -roi',, 0'0o-tToo, 'rlFeXao-ytAcv "A pyos' 'va~tov,
ot' 'r' AXov, ot' r' 'A-XO'7wv, 0r 7re Tp~qX'v' eveuOTOzo,
Ot Et~ov cOi%,v W ' EXXa'8a KaXXty~vPat/ca
MvpFLL6vEq 86\ KcaXev-Vro Kcat~ 'EX-X-qvcq Ka6b 'Axczto5
7(2)v av 7TeVT77K02)TC vE6Tv qv ap~o, 'A~txCi".          68~
aXX' 0r fy oiv 'rroX4Low 8voyjosx Eo  lp(O
o0 vYap  Jiv, oJ —tq oS'   e-4)W E -rt 'Xa,? 27yny0-aTO.
KEtTO yap EV 2177E00L- WO&LPK1JS~ Kos? 'AXAXXEV",
KOvp?7'? X(.o/.kevos? Bpto-q!i80( I~K4O'ILOt,
EKv t Avpznioo-oD- 6'~eIXcro, 7woXXa\ pioy ca,690
Avpvnqo-5-Ov &tawopO jo-a9~ KacU -ret'Xa @94Thq,
Ka388  m MI'V77T ~I/3aXev Kcat 'EEyXEOL-rpp0V9
vie'asq Ev',voio y'eXyta'8ao avPaKToi?,
8'~ I  fye KELtr axE6v, Taa 8' a'poT 'eoOat E EX-Xcv.
O'b 3' E7XO1) qiUvxa~?72 Kal Hvpacrov Jvoe/pocT,vm      69
J1IL77)PO,? TreflteVOS~ ITawa Te, /J/?7TEpa(I 'A2XOw,
a'y~taX6V Tr' 'AVTpC-w' 2y'K Fre7-XEO\V XEXIE7WOtqV.
TA') ai" HfpacomtXao,? 'Ap 'io9??,ye/LOZEU
0\OJO EcW'v TO'TE 8 27"J7 CEIv Ka'7a yat'a /,ae'Xatva.
'roD- 83 Ieal a 1kt~pvo?\7? aXoXoS' ~PuX 'K7  E'XcXtw-r~o,  70C




52


52            ~~~IAIAAOM B.


KaLL &/IO"~?7JUt7TEX?7 'r TO3' E`K-avE /Jdap~o"~ anp
Mqo? 7rJoOpa%7CKow~rctwXi\ 7rwp~Lorov 'A~atc~o.
aXka' o~fJac~ KooQ7JA7oE FIO&pKfql~, ~oso, "Apq,
10tilxov viO\s~ 7ToXV/zqJXov 'PvXaKt/&ao,                705
aVToKact-Iyrnp-os,LLEya~vl ov Hpanr-coAa'ov,
OWXOT~pS yevq  6   al.4a 7TpOTCPOS~ Kal apeioA)v,
ff po'~ FIp'-ea-i6CXao(~ 'Apm'o,~ ol'86 'jt 'Xao~t
86~vo, 7/ yE/jA)VOS', 7FT6OlEOV &e,LLL1 J(TOXO1) E07/TCa
Tco 83 al-a. TrEco-apaKoU-ra p'atpat op  ge-0r70.         710
Ot' &, 4'epa\, eve/1oVO ~-iapact Botflyiq3ct Xi'/wLvv,
BOL'ftqV KaLL rnafv'pat~ (cat EVKTt/llEv?7l) 'IaaoXK'v
TW   'qpX  'A3,w'qToto 4tXos~ 7raS'b e'v8eca~ v7J'v,
E"      q 'o, 7-0W iV'7' 'A4OT)'-q TeKE ~L'a yUvatKOJV,
VAXKnqo-tLS. HEXt'ao Ovya-rp(&v ethoq 'ptpo-T.            1
Ob` 8'?apa M'qO0C['1V' Ka't eavFkaKcVI7) ePelLOlITO,
(cL MeXt/3otap " EOVJ Ka\ OMt~o~va TpIXE-a
TOW86 (btOtKT~ 'T  )PXE  7, TO& E0! EL& c
E77'Ta VeOwy  epeTCat, 0 El) e'KaUT?,7 77CTEVT1KOVTa
/5ao-av, 'ro~WE'E3 TS ~) /I      (Oat.               720
6  V eVflOUN KELTO KpaTmp aLX7EEa 7TCao-X3V,
A5 Ftvp) 'v i'yaO&,7 60t ju  X ov vLE9'~a
eXKEL tzXL~7- KaLK(O 6Xoopovos~ v3~pov
7Eo KEL T ae(co7/. TaXa 8e\Iztnjo-cOat e/LX-Xo
'Ap~yEWl' 7Tapa' Pqiiuot @&iXoKc)7yrao avacKTO9~.         725
oi03 FL/Iz O'  ot' a1clappXot co-av, w 0c6 V ye -Levapo
aX-Xa M&3owt) K607Litnce7,  A'OXIo9 7/609 oo(
767/ P ETCfECl eP'4V'q V77- 'O~Xi 7r7-oVt7r' p0p.
01' 8' e' op~ TptbC'qV Ka~t IO/'10(t)U77 KXO)JLaLco'rcav,
ot' Tr exo  OiaXi'1jv, w6oXwv Ezv'pv'rou OIxaXti1,o      730




IAIAA02 B.


5 3


TCOV vO ~ytcrij  AOK  tq1v- (3vo wrat(,
l?7T?7p a-yaOcb-, Ho(3aXet'pto,~ 77  Maxadov
TOLt- 8e' 7-tPUKopTa yXaq~vpaLt vlec, EJotI()OVTO.
I~ 3fx~  'AoGrT$prov, TC 'POLO' TE XEVKat KafYpivLa73
Npx' Ei~pvvXos, Eia' ovo9~ a'yXao9, vU1o69
Tr)(3 a/ia Teo-7(apaKcoVTa /LEcXatvat zn)6s~ 677-OVTO.
O't' (' -"A pyto-ocav C`ov KcatL Fvp7ro(wA') EL'vetOVTO,
"OpOnv, '-H'X(0nn7VT 77E,0wXtv '7' 'OMoooo'va -Xev/c7v.
'r&2w aO 277TE/W~VEUe /-LEV67TTOXE  9FOvrtT'              740
vto, HetptOo~oto, ToPv aOapa-roS TEKETO0 ZEVIX
To p) V7T Hetpt~ocpt 6CKETO KXVTO'S~ IW177t/7C08
77jaTt TOTE o fi ~pa,? e-ri'O-io XaXin1'evra~,,
T09 (3 8 EK JilqXi'ov &oe, Kcatb AlOiccoot WeXato-oevOvKC 0lo09, a/Laz Ti- ee ACOiJTEV5, 056',os "Apyos~,      74q
vi~ i7ep Ot 1oto Kopw5vov Katvet(a
TOLS' (3' alt/aL Teoc-capaKOPTct /-keXatLvPt Pt/ES' e71rop-o.
Fovpe)'q (3' e~ Ki4ov 'JeyE UNi KaLt EitKoo-t mqtaELS
'rCo (3 ' p 14PE  67WOPTO, [-LEVE7WTO 8  E  XE/IoI TE Hepatj3oi,
ot 'Tr~pb A&o(0'VnqV (3Vo-~d.LtpOV ObKI ~'OPT,            50
ot' T au   IfL~pToP Ttrap 'o-tv E"p7y eveJLOPTO
oq A el? ilc'qPtO'eV wrpoit KaXXi'ppoov i3(3wp
6v ey FIE 'Vet(O3 o-u1jkto-fyErat apeyvpo(3(vp,
aIXXa T4 /LLt KaOv'7PepOEP E'7rtppe'Et, 7I.T' 6Xatov
OPKOV cyap (3EtVOi S.'Tuey'l iV(3T6S'I E-TTP a71-oppao'.  755
Ma~eyv 'T&) (3' 'p~c HfpoOoo,~, Tev~pqt/&voS' vlo'?,
ot' wep'b Jlqpedw' Icatt llfiXtop eiV~olouiv.xxoz
vatiTeOV-iTov   'I-LEV Fyp600oS' Oo 0\' I,7eyE[Lol'cvEP
TI)c a l.ta TEOOEapaKOPTEaL ueXatvatt Pqeq 67FOVTO.




54


TAIAAOY, B.


Which were the best horses, anzd which the best men.
OvbTOL  a~p  9rfyl'E/Jo'ves  Zicuaon)  Kac  Koipav~ot  )o-av.  760
T19~ T  cp  TCOV/ ox   ap OT I  E?1y,  0-  /LoL evvE7rE,  fsovTa,,
Vlr w   ' ~ wv,po'~       7 p~ o-tv   67~ VOzr.
~'17-7rot /5Lev pcy' a~pIcrTau C'oav (PIp'q-td~ao,
Tai& Ev~pnkos- EAavve, 7ro3w'KcaS', OpvtOatsc?
b oETeaS?,    0 U VL9 X p   6 r v  t -           765
T-a9 eV Hyqpct' Ope*' a' pyvp6T7o ~os 'Aw4OX-Xow,
qlp~wfr OflXdIa9, clI3ov "Ap'qos' OopeovJcaS?.
a78p~wv av5 ta'y' a'pto-To,~ "7 TcXap ~'wto9? Ai'a9,,
6op' 'A~Xtev\ /5JvLEV- o' Iyap 7TOXv' 06Ep7cT09T17E
O=w Ot,  0', Ot'  fi eC -1Op o ov a'p~vIova  IIIJx  eLOva.  770
aXX   (/5E4V  eV  VnEOJ&-  KOp47tO -to 77-O VT O77rOpOtG7W
KE~ T,  ~ ojvi wt' -a~ 'A ya lk  s o u, w o. vt  X a c&ov,
'Ar e1 - Xao\ 8 \ wap\s jvylsvt OaX doo
&cTKOLOLV 'rCp7r-oVTO Kat at-lave?7o-tv tEpTES,?
To     t77'    6  77ctpapp sao-tv  olo-tv  EKaO-TO9, 75
Xea)7Oro e'p-eWTO/5EVOt, eXEO~perTov TE O-exwvov,
Ea-TaTcLv  aplaTa  (3' El) 7re7tvKaO7Jpev   KEIJTo   a aC(
ev  KXLO-lp  ai (3 ' atpyo~v  'Apq!iftXov  7roOOEOVTE-9
O (T&W CEVOca  Ktca&  E'VOa  c a7Tt a\OTpa-o'v, Ov   eJ-LaLVTO.
OL  (3ap   to-al),  &Ja-EI TE 7FVpb 6t xoa 'ao-a  PE1LOLTO  780
ryatc   3  v7 E E ax t~Te,  J d-  TE 2 T K p LV p
El   E   a1   Tvcfro'i  rya'av   4tp a-a-y
CV'Apltz~ots',  b'Ot  fao-\  Tvocoroov  E Aevat Ev~va'q
(a)S~  apa  TOW   1J7T   7Toa-a-  Se~yaL  ( EV %L'~ETO  rya c
E P X O /5 1 V   /5 X a   (3   'JK a   (3t 7 p' 17 - - V   7 TE( LO O.7 8 5
Iris, disguised as Polites sont of Priam, addresses the Trojans.
Tpaa-tv  (3' ryye?,os~? e  7t0(31)vebL,?  COKic'   'Iptq
wrap zjto( aiycoXoto a-bayY277xl, aXE7Etvy




IAIAAOY, B.                          5


55


a1~'&yopah~ 2typevov c   H ptaLtow 6hp,av,7ravlre~ o~07ycpcES*, 27E V60t 978 yePOPrcs~.
io-x  ~  TaJJLevq 7rpoolxfnq 7To&  WK C It            790
ecaTo 8& 0Oy07IY'V VLL FIptapoto HO t-rp,7
04 TpCO~W  0K07T09 q~C, W08I)KE'y7   )towQOJ,,~
TV//3t c71 cLKpo-ra~p Alcv?)'rao 7E'pozrTo(,
86EYIL6VO9~ OV7n716 vafV^cjw aJOp/uV?7Ev 'A~ato'
TtjO 11W EEtO-a/.L6Vy 77-poUEf  0-a  cox  'Ie             795
"Enough of words: - marshal the host by tribes."
7~2rE'pov, at~Ei TOI /.LV~o  a~~ 6ipvo  io-tv,
(0ST 7TOT E'7t EcPJJVIT?9  WOM/JL09 0 AXaGTO730S poipev.
2) pLev1 8,\ [La'Xa woX?~x La'Xaq Et'cT)XvOov a'v~pw~v,
aIXX oi7Ww TOMOV8 Too-6vP3c TE Xao5v 6`'wwwa,
Xi7v (yct~p 4v,otGrtv COKO'TE93 ' *qja'Ootow-t             8oo
ebXovTat WE813toO, tpaX27c-6I-Evot vept ao-TV.
r'EKTOP, 0oo\ U  Fz~XuTOT' EWL7tTXXo/JacL  c08e' fyEpe'a
7-oX?,o& rya~p IcaTac acG-TV au&'ra Hipual-ov C71-iCovpOL,
a'X-X~ 8' aXXaow yX6,c-co-a woXVo-werpc'wd aVOp(0'7r(Ow'
TOWLrV eka(oTTOS~ av?7p o-fl1.tat~vCTO, etc-i 7wep apet    8o5
T&Wv 8 CEqrlf61c-O(O, KG?7qc-a[iEvo,~ voXutzrasx
They muster by the Tomb of Afyrine.
'Jf29 LefaO' t1EICTwp (' o11 Irc Oeaig ctwoq 71voiflc-ev,
at~Ja 3 EXvOr ayop7)v- 67rt TEVXc (3a8   GGvvo
vacra& (3' c'ot'yvvirro rv-Xat, C',c (' &TOCrVTO Xao',,
-7461o 0' Iww-72-6" 7- E  or~ V 3' 8"opv[Ltay8Oi 6p(Opet.  810
VEOT86 Ttq;-r powrapotOe 77o`Xtos? aiWEda /coXdv'l,
eVv e&'(p ac7wavEvOe, TIrEpL'(popow9 6'v0a 1Kcat 6'uOa'7virot ilv(pe,~ Bwa-ietav /ctKXIj'c-Kcv-tiJ,




IAIAA02 B.


4&6a'va~rot 86' Tre oza 7roXv(TKapOaJoto Mvp&'?Tq.
gvoa roTOTE TpwJ '9 TE a&eplyOev 'q'' e'~rlKOVpOt.       8[
The muster.
TpcoA(7' pekv 57E[L6PEUEvEV /L7al' KcopvOatioXo,; e'Ejc7wp
LHptq1bdci,q' aa~Lco TOcY 7ro'Xv 7rTXEUYTot. KaCapt-T
Xaot Owp?)O-GovTo, /LLep/a6TES~ 67~-qzJap~avi'cw av'T' q'PEVE'v hJ 7r&t; 'Ay~t[o-ao,
Aivea~,'raw7'w 'A  to,~c TEK   'Ac/po8&y             820
I&7S~ eV' KV?7/J~OW&r OCCaI /3poTrc EVVMqOEdfCa
OKotoq 10, al4ta TUp ryE 8&cO 'APTs4VOPOs- Vie,
'Apye'XoXl? Tr `AKai-a,s; T6E, pa71 eV CtUSTE 7ac-f9.
Ob 8E Ze'Xetv e'vaiov v`wcdt 'n&c ero'8   E~TV Rq,
a' 4WEIO, 77itWOVTE9; V3&p pe'Xav Alc~o-7'TOL,           825
TPW6 ~ITO)v tV T' 9'7pE AvKdiovo9~ ay7Xao9, vli",
17h'v~apos', COs Kas? To'~OV 'AwroX-Xctw aVTOS'l 6OKEV.
Ob` 8' 'AWpI)oT6taV T' EtOV Ka&b &mqov 'Avia~to-oi,
ICL JilTrrvta v C`XOV' Ka TnpEit)q 6'tpol at7rv
7-co  )p' "A 8pq o-79'r K   `? Apoto -XtvoO 'p~,        83
VI   epo ~ws  tiepeouv 09     Ip wavTcoIJ
jEE /LaPO M   a', 01'~ IE(00- V,111 ECUTKEV'7r
9TL EI9e 7TOAEC/IOV OoUtaT27) p0 TI7CO & OL OV Tt
71~~'-EOEOqr/P K'eq7E ryap atyol' pecXavoS Oaa'aTotO.
OW  8 dpct JJepcw'Tqvh Ka\ H FpaK~toV a/.LckEP4/.tOVTO,  835
icat~ XIO-TO\V Kcatu "A /3v~ov "% o' KaLL 8S-av 'AP'aj3Rnv
7cop a70' 'TTa,`&l 'pX' `Ao-to,, opXaLto a'~pi
"A 0to0 'Tp7-aKta&j9, &'v 'Apt'Oj,8yqcv O/'pop t'wwot
atawvc9, pelyC~Xo, 7f~7-cL/Lov^ a77r0 2~XXYEPTO9~.
'I7=l'Ooo9 8' d7e cOfXa lIleXaro-,w' 5/ecnt'p          840
TrOV o~ Aaptccrav cpL/3XaIKa PCILeTaaLLovEP




IAIAA02 B.


57


^1  ' '17='Oo', Te ffv'Xat, T', "o, "Apqoq,
T 8/
WE vcoA'OotoITcXao-,yov' TEvTa t8ao.
AbTa'p i9pq'tbca, q",y' `Alca'l-ka, Icat Hetpoo? qpcoll
oacow 'EXX71'o,7romr& a7appoo, CVTOI CIEPIYEt.            845
Ev"OyLo, 8" a'pXo\, Ktvo'vojv -q"v alxwqTaiwv.,
vto, Tpot4voto AtoTpcoc'oq Kca'8ao.
Av'Ta\p Ilvat'Xipp a^le llatlova, a7KvXOTO,ow,
Tqko'Oev E' 'AlLv8w2vo,, a",7r' 'Atovi' ev'pv\ peopTo(;,
'Atov', ovT /,ca'XXto-Top V'8wp 6'7rt1ct'8va-rat a'tap.     85o
IlaOXa,/O'vwv 8' q"yet^TO HvXat/Lbeo, Xa'acov K'qpl
e 'EveTo^)v, O'Oev q'tkto'vcov ryboq a',1poTepa'6ov,
ot pa KV'TO)POV e"Xov, tca\t Zq'o-al-kov al-koevel-kovTo,
alzol 7-e IlapOE'VtOV 7rOTaliO\V KXVTa' 8co'La-r evatov
Kpw'l.kva'v r' At',yt'aXo'v -re Icat v*,qXow  'EpvOlvovl.   855
Av'-ra\p 'AXtNvwv '08t'oq Ka\t 'Evt'crpooo, qpxov,
-rq'X'Oev E' 'AXv,3,qq, O'Oev a'p7v'pov ec-r'b ryeveokq.
MvTa')v 8e\ Xpo'pv 'pXe tcalt "Evvozo, 06'0)VtG-T'
ovK ot'covotc-tv epvo-o-aTo K^pa)ue'Xatpav,,q
e N
e alkq v7ro Xepo-t\ -,rro8w'lc,6oq Alalct8ao           86o
ell A
eV 7rOTa/-kft), out 7rep Tpw-aq iccpa'ic icalt a'XXovq.
6
(Po'pKvq av' 4W',ya,?'Iyc Icalt 'Ao-lca'vtoq OeoctN
Tq'X 6' AcKavvp- pellacav 8' V'o-p-tvt /-ka'xeo-Oat.
M"oo-tv av' ME'O-OX'ql? T6 ica\t "AVTtoOq "ly'qO-a'O-O'qV,
17                                    Iq
Tdkatpe'VEOI, T(\O 1'vyat'17 TE'Ke AL'tkvql
Me                                                           865
0t                         Tp Acp 7e7a
Kat M4ova,? q7op v7ro      (O 1.     COTa(;.
Na'G-T'q, av' Kap v ',y 'a-aTO 3ap,3apooa')V(A)V,
n
C' M'Xq-rov ' ov, (POe                 PLT'OVXXOV,
0     t       ex        tpWV T opo, alc
Mata'v8pov 7-e p'Oa'(, MVICOA'ql T' al7retva Kapi7vaC-   \   ' ' 'AlzO'                           I             87o
T OV IIEV ap        t/-taXoq Ica't Na'CT97, 77',yqoao-Oqv,
Na'G-T'ql? 'Al-t(bt'PaXo'l? Te, Nopt'ovoq a',yXaa\ Te'lcva,




58                     IAIAA6O2    B.
0~ Kca& %pVO-ol exaJ)v?T7-/oPxo8 trel, 17,v7e KOpl
7v1'7rt09,ov8e TI 01 T 7-o C'e'7rrjpKce0- Xvypo'v oXEOpOV,
7l)  o7afL(pt, xpvo-ov 8' 'AXLxe1\) 6EKO/luo0e 83a!~Wcv.  875
Xapwrj~wv 8' YPxcv' Avdt'wv Ica FXav'Koq aLILvFU),uo,
'fl)XO'OEv 6,c AvK'?, ~4aOov a'wo  tvq'evTrOq.




THE ILIAD.


BOOK III.
Advance of both forces described.
Ab~ra~p 47rel KoUla?76ev a/A, qy1)y ~e/LoV-ltvW ccrt
Tp&9 ILLEv KXayry/p 7T EvQ7ry' T' 'ioav opvt ue~ ('09,
1.i4T 7T   'Xa/yy?  yep i)(0v 7TEXEL oi'pav'Ot r'n-p
r/  p                            \ \  'J       Vf
at T 67ri1t 01)1 %et/.k(0V  pv"yov Kal& aUe',~ro~vv 0/~)3p[OV,
K-Xa7yy  Ta& ye 7TE'TOVTaL c7r) EZKecboLo po~aco              5
av~ipctLa Tlvy~talwto f0'vov tcal id~pa. Oe'povo-at77eptat 3' a'pc ratirye KcaK)V  pt~a 7wpocf'pOPTat
si Lttl)577 /~eVea 7rveLovTe9 Aq        w
e'v Ov/h&) [a/'wE    X,6e'jev tiXX 4Xotaty.
EV3'r OpEOS Kopvofpo-t Nro9-, KcaTECXEVEP O/~t~Xxv,       10
7tErV01) TL (f)LXV, CX' T'f eS TE vvKcToq a/petV(A),
rooCrov ri' T E'7rtXevo-o-e, 00-OV T J~r Xaav tipti'
&)9~ apa Tcw iv'w6 wroo-o-t,covtoaXoq copvvr' dJX?)
'EM/l      uaw uXa 8'(S' cba 8tEc7T-p?7jcrov 7re&0Oo.
Paris at first advances with show of boldness to the combat;
then recoils before Mfenelaos:
Ot 8' o're VS Oaxs~ov?5cav 6'w' aXXq'Xowwrt ~0VE9       15
Tproartv EV~?roaxe 'AXE'av(Spoq OeoeItfq9
'7rap~dX6'sv c'otow-tv 6'xwv Ka Ka/p77-Xa To'~a
Iea 4Atoc  aVrap 6o 8Soupe (SVWO KEKOpVOLe'va xaXxj




6o


IAIAAO.2 1'.


7rTiX-Xiw 'Apytckiw 7rpQKaXt'~ETO v1a'7a9~ d'pi'o-ovc;
TOy 3' dc o'h'( OvV Eo-E(V a~pni'tXos; MEVE'Xao9
EPXO/.LEVOV WrpO77apotOev) 0/zl'Xov, /JXLa~lca /3L/3(*WTa,
C(09 TE XE(01) e~alpq fJ~eraXwp emr OY-fLLTL KVpOYa,,
e1J(OW -q) 'acoov Kcepaov7 i)c~ptop aiya,
7TELa(Ol,u4a ryap TE IcaaTEYLEEL    L      OVTO
cTEU&WcTat TaXEE9~ TE ICVPE9 Oact~pot' T'ar,
cbl exp   Meve'XaoS~ 'AX4cw~avpov OeoeL3e~a
4bOaX[ao~to-Lv b'8w'v  (fXTO cyap 7tLYeo-OaL a'Xet7qV'
aVTiKa 3' 4: 'X~'O) G-'\' TCVXec-tLZ qXTO Xa/Ia~e.
Toy 3 ' W', ov'v &injo-ev 'AX4:cwv~pos OeoeL3?79q      30
el) 7Wpo/-kXoLat (favevTa, KaCLTEXI7V 4(Xov ip-Top.
a'# 3' &6Tapcv eis~ e'OVOsq e'Xa'~CTO tJP' a'XEELZNOV,
Co  TE Tt(9 TE         b30   7raLXiV' 7'
c; 3'     /    upalcoPTa i          vpao aWeo-Tl
O    18OS'El /)OYV7OE p1o9XXa/3e ryu'a
A# 3' avEXwOpqGoEV', (tbyp69 TE /14V ELXe wapeta%(        35
(09 av~l;- KcaO' O'lktXov 6"8v Tp('a~v w dep (A) X(A
3do-a9 'ATp6'09 Ut'O\V 'AXE':av3pos' OeoeLt)9.~
70ov 3' ~'EcTtop Vl)EIK-EOLE L3(\Ol aio-%po-t9 E'7rEOO'Gt
for which he is taunted by Hector:
VlO-7rapt, Et3Ol aptG-T-E, yvvatL-kavEq,?J7rEpO~rEUTa,
a'IO' O(J)eXe9 a70ov09~ 7 e[Levc  ayap/k0 7- awroeoO.    4
IctKa ICE 70/3VXOI[III/V, Kal KcEv 7ToXV Kep3LOV?7ev,
77OVT(L) X66f3?V 7' e'lLevca Kcat nT'o#Ltov aXXov,.
w77ov KaYXaXOfO)o-L Kalpfl Kop[Lmv-7E9 'A~aL4~
OaL'7E apteY-r/a 71po[l-ov epL[evaL, OUIvelca KLaXO~V
E1801 e7r, aXX' 0v1/ c(YtL /3t (fpeotl) o?'3' 7Lt9 aXic~  45
A    IV    \
ZI TOtOaOE EL'OZ El) 7OTOP7O7OpOtL0L ZJEEITLT




I A I AA&o      r.


6i


7roPTOl) E7r-t7rXwO-aq, &capovc; epifpaq w~yetpa';,,.uflg? oXXo~a7ro-ov  7yv~at/c Evet~c avE Ie
el~ a7rt)9l 7at/fl9, vvUol atv~p(Aw) atyJ~kflMaaW,
7rcTpl TE a-co /.Eya '7rq)ua 7ro'Xr) TE 7r-aVTI TE        50s
&Jvy.4eveat /z~v Xa~ptka KqTri7O6nv \S aoot aurTc;
ovc av Si7plivetaq a'pq!4m~ov McvE'Xaov;
eyvoi'q9? % o~l) (J)(T09 6EXEv OatXep7\v 7JapalcoLtnv.
T~t X~c~7~Y KOatp t Ta E & e p  A4Op o 8rtT~j
TE Ko/ltf TO' TE 618O9, OT El) KCOVlf,.LE7.5
aXXa' j.uaXa Tpw^5e9 &L&)FL1-OVE'r 2) TE KEV 78)
Xa'ivov g,-00 XtT(Ava KaLKQJI                         i /000a  0fy
Thyv 8' aV'TE WrPOOE&7E'AX'~av~poq Oeoet8 /T
whereufion he declares himself ready/or the combat,
' 9,,      - 1
EKOE'7rd/6L KCaT LloXav EveUlce(a9a v8 lJ7rep au.av.,
atet TOt Kpa~ifl 7rEXEKVT (091 E'OTWV aTEtpl?7,           6o
9T T e60L1) Lata &0Vpo\9 v1W awe'po9?, oT0 pa TE TEXV'?
Viio  EKT4LZthV, 0be'Xet c3 aW~p59 Ep(0qv.
(09 U-O& EP 0UTI7t07EO0V a'Tap'?)8'T09 VOO9 JOTI'.,tu' pot Mop E'paTc A WpocOEpE Xpvo-,'cq 'A~po8ITfl9
TV cV70/XfT' E'TTI,OE7W 6'PtKV&ea Mipa,
00-0-ct Kev) aVTOL &00-L, EK(c)v ( 01K CW Tt9 g0XOLTO.
vIJv aV3T  EC /- EOXL97OX    tI~L ~6   A7L6
IL'XXov\ p' uOto-ov Tp ^aq KaC 7raV Ta9 'Axatoa~
au ap elk EJ  ecro-0' Kat~ apq'tjtbtov MvEVE'aov
o-v/J,/36aXeT &ub' EX6'v' Kct KTiJ[Lcat-t 7r-ao-t uaLX0-e "
OW7~OTE  ap KEa              ~                a-at     7
KTr?)/LaO' eX~v EU' 7ra'l/Ta 'yVwatka TE, otuca a7eo-oc0
ol a'~XXot 4LX0,T1lTa Kat~ opicta 7rto-Ta Tal.O0VT69
vaIOLTE Tpot' v Ep/3OXEaKaX, TOI 86\ VEE"OCOW




62


62              ~~~IAIAAO'S r.


'Apryo9~ E', l7r-rroI7V Ka'b A~adt&S  KaXXtryv'vat/ca.     75
~'d23 f'"faO"',/EK(Op S' av97 e'Xa'pn 1.ey p.LAOova6 'oa,
Ica&)~ p f'o-o-Cov twv TpacoCv a~veep'ye Oa'Xaryya~,?
/.470 —v 8oup \s~ 'Xwv  T o\ 8S '8pvvOno-av a7Ta7'Tes.
i-  ' '7WETO~4'~OVTO Kap? K to/LOWrAv7TE  'A~ato4         83
tto CW TE TlTVO7K01.LElJOt, XaeootTI ' ~'/3cXov.            8
avrap 6 I.aicpoV aivo-ev ava4 dJw~pftw 'AyaId61.LwCO V
Ifeleor calls for a fi~arley and communicates Paris'spiroijosal,
which is accejited by the Greeks.
IloXEo-O', 'Aprycbot- /k?7 /3a'XXET e, KOV-10PI AXatciWV.
OT7EVTat ryap TL 6WO03 epeew 1copv~aio0Xos~ 'EK7Crp.
il~s 6c'baO, ol 8' 'e-"oX0o'7 /.LdXq3S atvECO T E71EPVOJY
Eo-oV/LE'va)S. 'EKT&Jp t3e /LeT aitp4JOTepOtc-tV EmtW       85
KE'/CXVTrn /LEV, TpC'0E~ I cat~ eKVICIy.llt&S(z 'A~ato4"
-D0ov 'AXc~av~poto, T~O1 ELZJEKa vetKO  OpwE
a'X-Xous /, V K~e -at Tpc'al Ka\ wr 'ra3 'Axatoi
TEea~c ica~X a wocO Oat e7r\C XOOV~ 7TOV-XV/3OTE6'
aiv'rv CS' EV,u-i-o-p Kca? d~pqltcXoi MeEVEXaop-           90
toou ap4' E-XE'Vi'i     K    r  aut wia-at ua  c-at.
07=70Orepo9 &6 ICE Vt01jay KPUCCO~7V TE 7y6vqpat,
K,crt~iaO eAciwv e 7razr-ra fyvvati~a~TE otcaoS ayc'aoeo, 8' a-xot otx'  \ e
ot 0S Xot~Xr'p-a Kcal opicca 71-to-Ta Ta/lo)/LEv.
"\f29 ebcOa, ol' C' adpa 7r a'v7rcs 'K7V fye'vovl-'o otcowjr  95
TrOWo- SE Kca~ aJETE'EtWc floi\v aycaO 6\,. MEvc'Xa o3
KEKAVTc' iuih' Kcal Et~ eeo pXtGaTa ya~p adXyos3 iica'vet
Ovlto~v E'lO'v- cpovc'w 8e C8taipcpwO4'pevat, 718n
'Apycliov9K tic Tpw-a9~, c7r-E& KaKa\ 7oXXa' 'zr 4oa-Oe
EWVI6C E/L2) eptCSO9 Ka't 'AXE~6aCpov CL'EK' afpxr)9.      1OO
Il/hE'Wv CS oW7r7rOT~pO( Oiv arO9 Kcal lktopaTErc'VKru,




IAIAAOY 1'.


63


-re~vati7 - XXot 83' 8LaiepwtVETe Ta~Xto-Ta.
OtLOETe              7)ap',eeo  Xcinoi'v, 6 '7r6'vw 8S' "-tXawav,
yj T nt )Eto)     t Jt? 7/ypEi 0L0to-E  2XXov.
Priam is sentfor to assist in ratzfying the compiact.
"A 4EE S-e 8Ji ptailkot 0 /317v, ocjp' o'pnta Tapvy7     105
aVOS, evret ol wra~Ss  wptaXot ncat awvto-rot,
[Lk TL9 VWrep/3act'?p Zt', opnta 8S'iXo-qa
a  b  wovpw a 8  7XT'OV( 'Vpow- (bpE'VCS  6pc0OovTav
Oil (S' 6y~pan) /LETCyo-tv, a/Lta 7Wpo(o-o) Iat, ovwno-oa
XEV10'(76t, Oe7TWAK OX apwG-Ta 11ET a/Lcfo0TepOt7L 'yE'fl7Tat. I l)
`f2,~ e`OaO', 01 eS'~apqo-ap 'Axcuol 'Te TpJ&;" Ire
E~r'XW/LEVOt 7raVc-ao-Oat ~'vpoi3 7woX40ow.,  e,  fy,
nat p LWWYOV9~ ~lkv e'pv~av 6'~ o~-irxa';, EK (' '/av ai3'Tol,
TEvXea T7 EE(SV0V~TO, Tra /Lev KcaTeOCVT' eitL yaty
7i-X'qG-toV a'XX?'XaW, O'Xt/'ry (S 77)V a/ub~v' apovpa.     115
t1EK7&)p Se\ 7TpOTI aCTTV (SUCE K77PVKaL9 Eve/.k7Te
Kap7rcLXi/L) a~pzvas TE cJepetv Tipta/loV TIE KaXelo-oat.
vairp 6' Ta-XOV/3tov rpOetb KpEt'(s)l 'Aryal'/l4LVWV
zn~a, 67rt yXafvpat9 Uevat, 27(S a~pv' eKceXEVE
Owce/.EVatU 6 (S a~p' ov'n awirtOqo& 'Ayaplcjovot (Sco..
Iris carries the tidings to Helen,
'Ipv~ (S' ai'O' 'EX'vy X6VKoC0mp0 aIy7EXo9 W)XEV,
EL(SQ/lE? ryaX6'w, 'AVTrqVOpi(Sao (Sa/apTt,
v1v 'Avmr)7vopi&?79S ELXE np~lot 'ED K anv,
Aao(Si'Kqv, Hlpt~alkoto Ovya'rp&2wv EL(os- aJpio'Tip~.
1n') \v  ' di'p' E'v pcya'pv?'I (SE\ I-'yav IOG'TrW vzx/atve  125
(Siir'XaKa 7wopovpEijv, w0X~aS~ (' e've'racocr-i JE6Xovq
TpUaaw  0' [wwr~o(SIWV na~t 'A~at65v Xa-XKOXtTO.&Wvo




64


64             I~~~ATAA02 P.


0V, e0ev eLVEK e7raa-xov vwr ApqpO~ waXajtawv,
vi~~   to —a/keV?7 7rp~ooU  qyr w (3A) 'Ooiccc 'IdaTpts
ZIevp      '0t   Oa~c Oiq t'a Oe'a-KeXat epya lt&qat     130
Tpawcv 0' iww77o&4'/kw Kcat, 'A~atf'o XcaXKoXtT7OVWv.
o'i wrptV c7T aXX'7Xoto-L.Jpov 7woXvi8awpvv ~p~qa
Ev e' wcc   ~o'Xoo'to XXawb'/Levot wroxel-otw,
01 aq? ZV ea-rat o-ty)' (w6rqo9kul (3 7+reavrat)
a0'7rto0t Kcelx/Le'vot, wrapat (3 e7Xca /taKpat 7re7TrflfyEL. 135
cdn-\ 'AX~av(3pos~ Kca\ 'py&/Ao, MvEV'XaoS~
IJLaKpips~ E7XeL77L7L 1-LaXr7oVopat 7rept o-eto
co6 Ke vt~ycqcaVn t qf.~ KeKX?/Jy aKoL7Ls-.
who refiairs, attended by her handmaidens, to the Scaean gates;
t'J2~ Etlvovoa OeA yXVKvv t/Lp0pv e'j4aXe 0vp4'
av(3po's 76e 71-po7ep0ot Kat ao7760' Yj(3E8 T70K WO.        14c
auTi~a 8' apryevvyot KcaXv~a-tJfe~vq1 o'Oolvqo-w
cop/l-ta7 eK OctXa[Loto, 7'epvl cara\ Sarp  Xevaa
OVK 01/1, a/.a 77  6  a           oLJt tOO  (3  WO'O
A'iWpq, JiTrO?')o 0Vrya'T9p, KXvpeJwiq 76 I0%'7rtL.
at#a (3' 6`7rt6L  Znavov '0t.'nacata& 7ru"Xat?7o-av.      145
where she excites the admiration of the Trojani counsellors
Ot (3' apl~t lptiatiov Kat, JiIzvOoov q'86 O~v,LL017'T7l
Aapa7roV 76 KXvtio '0    IK6T 'OVL 7 T, OT  O  a a  L' "A p'o9,,
OV'KaXE7(l0)V 76 Kat 'APT?)Vctp, 7T67rVv1LLevco) aJtuo&w
ry pai (3?) 7woXe~oto 77-ewav/ptvot, XX' ayopfl7Tal         [50
60oOXoi, TE7TtI76c-7tP6' 0tKo7T6q, 01' 76 1caO V'XqvJ
86~eL'(3pp EL/6~1-teo/tEL 071-a Xetpto60o-oYav LE'Ttv.
T010L apa Tpa)wv?7y'TOPCe~?VT'e7r 77v-vpycp.




1AIAAo~ ir.


65


oi1 co OD oiv 'i~ovO' 'EXE'pqv 6'~ 7rV~pryoV t'oiwav,
Iqca 7rpol d?Xjovq E71 ~~OL'      ypVi55
Oi  Eb4et9Tck     icw   ixvtv    'A~atovq
rot'jc' dj4 g  p y avuca\ 1oi cv x1vo  ~X7E ~aq6
aivcog 2Oav 'r~o O        ws E  eotncev.
Kca& COG(, TOI') Wrep EOVcT, EV VflhJO- VEEaoO),
TICEOY T I7fl000)1XI
11fl8 271,/LWeeec T o/t-~ 7W2)/hC.4a 7Totro.              o
and, at Priam's request, joints out and calls by name the
bravest of/the Greeks.
t'\d2, alp' e'cOav, FHpt'a/lo~ 8 'EXe'q e/cXXeOaToITO COVj
ev-po?7ra'potO' A'Oovoa, OtiXov TEKoq, ZCv ef.Eo,,
6cp  'y7rpcrpVE 7100   7M7)0lY 76 0f0tovq Te.
'OV Tt /hot a"7U) cO  Oeo  1      17ttE~V
t phot eqXwp/lk)aavVWoXe/LoV 7r-oXV&aKpvv 'AXa&ci       i6S
First, Agamemnon.;
co po icat ToVW atvpca 7T6X(ptov 16'ovo/lk~9,i
58 6  acrv 'Axat~q aivip `)US 76r.euc'   ~
23 TO& /LEV KCE~aM icat /LetIOveSg a"XXot ecun*
/xaXo\v 8 oimrc Eryc Wv oV5 wro, tov &'OOaXjko~to-w,
otV8  vo hrwyepa~pov- 3ao-tXf~& ryatp av~pi EOLKE.     170
To5v S' 'EXE'vq LV'Ooo-tv Jtlmi/3ETo, USa ryvvatlcowv
at 3owg re ptot eTOa, SbIXeE Kv' Setv6s TE
Co Oc/XXev 0al'var70 /.tot a~L&W Kcalco9,, 0W7T07', 6 &iPO
VWei aC#) E7T0/-VqlV O~ac/.LOV 7VW7TQl' TE At7rOv~oac
767lX7rfVI          tO/q)X~fv epaTEWflv.             175
a 7, OvE 4'e7vovTo- To Ic~t~ KXatiOVCT(a reTilyc.
TOVTO 84 TOt 0p'W 5 u avetpcat 77'8E\ /LETEXXa92,
oiV'i-6 ry 'Avpethfl, ev'pvJ KCpeAA 'Arya/l-dwv,




66


66           ~~~IAIAAOs r.


a/lt OEPOV, /3ao-Aceiis T' a'yaOo9, KpaTCpOS~ T ab' jkL Tr'T
&V2NP awi- E/J11O\1 ea-Ke KVV(0i7t8OST, ft" wrOT e9V ye.   o
t\129 0a'T0, TOPV  0 o yElpaW  yyIa'oT-aTQ 0bcofq0-IEV TE
c9 pa'lp 'ArpEt-&y, /iotpfyeve's', 'X/3L63atttov,
7) pa. vv T0t 7TOX?,O'b &(3/JA'aT0 KO -pot 'A~at6ThV.
QqKat!tPpvyt'qv ebTo7JXvOov ap/.7rEX6oEa-o-av,
v6"pa 1'2oV 7i-XEIUTOVI' 'ip'piyas? avE'paT at'oXowra'Xovq, 185
Xaoi),; 'OTp ^s Kcal Mvy~o6vo9~ atVTtOe`OtO,
Otpa, TOT~ EcrpaToan'7-o 7rap' b'oxs ~ yyapioto
Ka ryap Ery(LW EMICOVPOI~ IE(AV FLETa TOWJLv EXEXOqP
71yiart T60, OTe T ~Xo   Aa~6ves~ aVrtaveitpab
axx Oij8 Ot' TOCT-0t?)Yav O'cot E'XtIK(A)WE( 'Axacot'.   190
next, Odysseus.;
AdeVTEpov avT? '8O(urja i8wv c~peetiv" or yepatov
EL7 aye,tot icab T0V&, O))iOV TC`KO9, OL Ttl~ 058 ECrTTI,aek,.w UC Keofa-X? 'Aya1.te',uvovo' 'Arpel~ao,
VupvTEPOI 8 0)[tOtQ-W L& Q-EpoQ-V        Oat.
TE      ~ea. 1.kv 06 Kce Tat 67xrb X wvb7OV-XV,80Tripy,  '95
aL1vTol 86\ KTL'XOq &01 e~wrww-e-brat 0-Tt1XaS? a~capvet(0 1wJ 6yW fye ECO-KU) 7qc-pXXo
oq COM /tte'ya 7n-&i EpXe-rat apyepva~ojv.
To~v 8' 'pte43er' Cl7retO' 'EXe'vt7 JtO\5~ e'Kcyeya~via
'7
ovToI~ S' av' AaeprTla&qs~, wrOXvj' 'qTc; 08VO-0-EV1~,    200
OqTpaoq eV 6?/L IOaK?)q9 Kpavarj'; 7i-ep eovoTI,?
et&OS' 7raLVTOtOVS! TE &JXOV9 calt /.47)'8ca 7rVKva'.
T?)v 3' ai'T' 'AVTryvcop wewvvpevos~ aVTio~v 9fvlga
(A) yvvat, ~q /LkaXa, OT 70 E7r0lW~6PII C17
'87 fya\p iatl ev'po 7rT0 ii'Xv0e Uo' 'O8vao-ev"?          O5
IT) EE    &yex/i( ~vv apr/'fXp M~eveaio,




IAIAAO, rF.


67


rOW    '     6  t~wLo-ca Kat dv 1,kcyapoto6 cOiXqoa,
a'/J0o T Epco. v& O/v?\7v ec'aaP Icat /-zL7)(3E( 71-vKva'.
axx OTE 8\~ Tpw'eo-o-tv e'v ay7pope'votawv e"tXOev,
OrTavTrtiw pdv McvE'xao9~ V'7rEL'PEXEv Evpc'a9 (,)/.40vq,    210
(zXX OTh (Sq pv'OoV9 tcalt /.tq(sea 7waG-tv v'Oatvov,
1/ Tot [tev MEZJE'Xao;9 E7tPOXa'Y1I a(7o'pEUE
7ra pa p[v, aXX a\ [t(ta XvyIE'os', E`77-E\C 0' 7T0XVt)v609~
vi'8' ad0a~tapToEv?',, E'lcaK yE vet V'-TepO;?Jiel.2
adxx' O'T  8\? 7woX.'  Tts- ava!t~Etv  O08vc-acTV~,
0-TaG-K~Ev, i~at cs telseGK  KcaTat x0oo,~ "P4qaTa 7 wtjas,,
o-KJ71-Tpov 3 OU"T 0OWIG-W ov'TE 7rpO7tfrp/E9f El/o/a,
adxx' aG-rTE/J49 cEXEG-KEv, at~spE (fOCA cotKCO'r
Oa~qKE ~abcoTO' TE 7tv7) C/hfhcvat cttOpova' 7 av"Tw'r,   220
CxM OTE 377 071a TE /[LeyaXqv bK G-T270EO9 EU)q
Kat E71-Ea wptcob3E-G-tv EOLK6OTa XEtlPkepqy-t
ovic av e77rL  08va-q-t    c pto0ocEtE ~pOT\O9 A~XOT'
01 TOTE 7y J3' 'O(Svo-?o    aya —pot '64309 tI806PTEI?
third, Ajax.
T6 TptITov a1'T' A~avra 18ctov Epetv' o' 7epato9?         225
'Ttq 'r ap'o b'U'&xo9 'AXaco\9 a'vjp rj'u`s TE pqjLaS' TE,
Co~o9~ 'Apyct'CV KEpaX?)V TrE Ical EvpeaCL9   ow
Thy 3' 'EXE/vnq Tavv'rE7rXo9~ ad.ktd/3ETO, (ta 7yvvaicowv
O5TO9? 3' Ac'as~ E0T~T 7r-E(tLptOi, IEp llo9 'A~atmw
ThO/L1CEV\iJ9 3 E'T6'pO)OEI EVP~ KprpTE-c0t OEO'q &A9I       230
eG-Tl71C ajp~t Oe'~ 1't Kpq1T0WV ayo~t l)7Ecp4tiOlTat.
771-OkXaiKt 11ttV ~6E'vtG-G-E adplq"btXo, MEVE'Xao9~
41               17~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/




68


IAIAzAOY, r.


As her eyes run over the host, they fail to find Castor and
Pol~ydeukes.
Nh'p (3' 4ixX-Xov,,IhE'v a'71-aVa op E tc~tco7ras~ 'AXatiov~,?
0V9? Kev) El)7VOtvIcI1  al 7- Ovvola/ScvI  J atO-Ct'lV'       235
(3otc'o (3 ov' vat 183ccti' 1COCrIL11-opc Xa6'v,
Kaco-ropd' 0' t77-77-o(3ct/ov Kat 7wiJ~ arycaOoz' IIoXv83evK/,ea,
aVO~V~rofla-t1qrW, 7-6 pot pLLa 7yCipa-o /jz?7T?7p?7 ovX &w  T~oOyl AcaKe&Z4L0v09 C'    paTetwrgs,
86) (3iW /V 6'77o-Oro- PCeOega  EZ'& 7rOPTOWoptoXTIV,        240
i'Dv aiir' OvK EO Xova-t,sa~v Ka-alTC( VJe i/t aLieSp~wv
atOXEaI (3CIXSL6TeS KIat O'EetSeaL7TO'XX', a' pot ol,Ttv.
t'f2q ta'-ro, 7-oV9, 8 "83 9Jc~ a'TeXei' 4vo-ioos- alca
ei/ AaLKE&LaLopt av'Ot, JdXy   t'w~-it rya'y
The herald Idaijos delivers the summons to Priam, who mounts
his chariot, accomhanied by A ntenor, and drives out up'on the
filain, where the two armies are assembled.
Krpvices~ 8' dad a'crvrev OEWVfpov o'pKta 7Trto-Ta,        24
api/c 8(3VO) KaLL 01/0?) E'V"fpovaC, Kcap7TOi/ dapovip~,
daoKp ei/ airydrp   be'pe 8(' Kpq-r -pa Obacti/Oi/
Kt'pvh 1(a11o0 77(,E' Xpv'o-Eta K1J77-EXXaL
coTpvvi/EZ (e ypoi/ra WIapLtcIaLFLvo/0 E7TEE(r(Ttv/
1"Opo-co, Aao/Se(Soi/7tad8q  KcL'eoVTti/ apt-Tot            250
T6bCOi 0' twwr7o(apx.o-V Kca' 'Ayat6'w Xa1XKOXLt7-6i/VCO
e9 7itE10Vi KaLTra/3/7vat, iv' o~pictamcWIOT  ra/l-?)Te.
av~'rap 'AVc'av83pos? KaLL a'pyi'tXo9? MevE'XaLoV
/Jualcpyq 'EYXEt?7,Tt /.LXpTov1~T a/JLt 7yvi/atKt
7(0^)86 KE V/tK?7,7Ti/v-t 7Vi/?7 KaLL KT27/pIo (57TotT0       255
i/a(t/qi/v Tpotiii/  pt/3(Oa-Ka, Toll 8SE ve'oTILL
'Ap~7o3 k tlflTrO/,30Tri/ KIL 'AXatte8a /aXXtyti/Iatca.




IAIAAOM F.                 6


An
W'-;f


t~rwuS~~EUv/Aeva~t 7o T t  orpa Xcin~ioiio           260
&v a4p' 9)  Jtpla-oq, Karat 8 9'5ita TeWveP owtro-oo
7ratp 81 ol 'AvrT7VCOp Wr~poaXXEXR /?creTro Uh'pov.
'Z-~    i &  KatCW- 7rE68tOv8' E'Xov 40/cg &t7r7r0U9.
'Axx' %E 8     'LKVO   \E- Tpw'aq xa&b'xa
4? t7r7rcwv aro/3a'pTeg 6 ' "  WVX/3T~pc               265
69 jeooov TpcOwv Icalt 'A~catwv 4So-Tt%'o)vTO.
&ipvv7-o 8' aVn-r'C' bWevra atva~ aw~p(v 'AyaL'1.vawv,
a'v 8' 'O03vo-ei\ 7roXl3'wqrtq a'ra\tp Kqp7VKE9 ayavo~
boyoV, a  0ap /3aovXvro-v, IC7wp  t x8   ExtloV.    7
77 ot wrap ~i4coo9 Fteya covXeo~v atev acopTQ,
apv(A)V eic Ke~dXE(ov raiJ4Je Tpi act9 aurap 67W~tTa
IC Ipviceg Tpdowo Ical 'A~atc'v vtp^av poot.
'rolo-tv 8' 'ATpditqg,ueya X' El3XEo xet-pag abao-Xcove  275
Ag-amemnon Prays to Zeus and sacr~Flces the?arnts.
Z~ev' -7ra'Tep, Th?7qOEZ /pe~eov, KV&UtoTE /L7ffE
i77'xuq( 0', &0( 7c~ra/' &/oopa2 Kalt 7r'vrz' JvaKov'Et9,
Icat 7wO~apto cat 7ata, icat ot' v7re'vepOe Ka/Iol/7a9
a&vOp(A')ovq rt'vvo-Oov, 36-tsI' 62witopxov 6opo-0n,
vl/JEtq /hapTVJPOL 6'077, OfVXa-flYET7E1 8' oopxta 7rur-cd. 280
et /ev KIJe ME6vE'XaovJ 'AXE'dvzpoq KcarawE'c/v,
aVTOI 6rEWEO' cEXEsv,?l e~-r  Kal Inry71ara 7av'ra,
f/E98 EP V?7,Eo-o VE6t)/JueOa 7trrv70,7ro'poto-tvE8 &K' 'AXE'dv8pov KTEr   l4a6      EV'a9
Tpc~oag 6'7et0' 'EXe'vnv Ical lmyk~ar-a 7~rav' ds'rooomvati 285
Tt/.L\ 1 8' 'ApryEIovq a'7rOTtWE/J1EV Gp TtV 6'OLEV,




70


70             ~~~IAIA,&02 r., e al co-o-oltevoto-b /JkeT awpopwOow- We'?q-rat.
8 Av E/'1 oL[Lt) IIv LClptJo9~ Ilpta/lkoto' Tre vratoe6
TrIVEt VKoi6 EA~X,awct 'AXeta'v8poto 7Weo00V70S',
avTap c7c) Kal eWetTEL j-a~ao.     E(veKaL 7woto         29
aJv /IEl'   EL(O KE TeXS   OX/OOKXEW
lH'aKL a'ro o-To/PaXov,~ apvwuv TapLe v7X~   XaXKcio<
KaL TOW 1LeZ Ka-re OqlKEv 'w?\ xOovo\, ao-7watpovTas?,
OV/.Loi 8ev0/p6ZJv9w aEWo\ ya~p /JevoS? etXET7o Xa/of~
OWvOV 8 cK KpflT2po9~ acV0vooo[LeV0L 86wa'e7o7tv          9
fKXrolJ, y8 EVXOV7-0 0O0ZtS~ aletyeve-ryc-tvC08e 8e' 'tL9 EI7TeoKev 'A~atov -re TpWCov re,,
Zci- /CI.8Wto-r /'t~yo-re,,cal Oa'iiarot& OCotb JXxot,
07~oWWrepot 7tpo-repo  vWep op/cta 7w?71LUq,vtav,
&i08E 04)' E"yKEfaXo09 Xap~a't~; pECoL 's 058e olv&;,    300
av&) ict aEECPCXoXoL 8' cd'XXoto-t 8apjet-v
~'J2; e4)av, ov'8' a'pa 7na') a-obv wevelpat'awe Kpovt'wv.
TOtat 86\ Zap8avi8,qq Hapicqto9 1ke-ra\ pA3Oov eciwer'
After which Priamn returns to the city.
K4Xv-r' /kev, TpwJEs' icab euKvqpbL8e,? 'A at
rot eycw f ct/t 64   po,-~ "IAtov?7ve/JoeoT0-a~v       305
Ir  E 0wc TX7-0L $ 31f'OaX/.totootv o'pa-Oat,uacpvatLEvov) Ot(Xov vt'ow dap jofHXw MeveXSO'q
ZEi /.EZJ 7TOV 7TO 7E Ot8e icab aOa'var-o Oeo?, AXXot,
07wr~rpr   Oava'-roto 'reXo9~ 7wcrwpoyivov 6'07rI V.
'H j'a, ica?, E, 8tfopov apva,~ 07o lTO'Oeo Oco,q     310
av 8' a)'p' g,83atv' ai',ro', ica-ra 8' 7i7via ret~vEv 63wio-o-oj
7ratp 84 otl 'Apr?7jVCOP 7reptKaXX6"a,8 'a0e-o 8tpov.
TO)/.LV a  a-froppo6 7wpo-r\ IXtov awroveoro




IAIAAo 7 r.


7'


Hector and Odysseus measure off/the lists, and shake the helmet
until the lot of Paris leafis forth.
UElcmcp 8E' Jilptc-koto 7Ta&9q Kalt 8Ltq 09  8vo-oev';
X   /PVIEV) rpW-rzov 8tep/LCTpeov, avrap eWrctTa ~    31 5
ICXIpov9?' El) vvE?7 X  1'7P  WXO    6XTE,
07=7J-repo9 8y 7Wpo'YOEV dWoetq Xa'XKeov 6EYYXO9.
Xao'4 8' 97p 'p l  eo, EWt 8E xc-pa, a'E'-~Xov
co08e 86' Trt9 ei7tCOeKev 'A~cath' Tre Tpwc(DV TE.
ZED' 7ra'Tep, 18?JOevJ ALE8 cov, KV'8ta-TT /p67to-Te,  320
07oT72cepo0 Ta8E epya~ /J&tE- alLJooTe'potoYLY 6O'q7Ke,
7Wv 86\S aw7ocfOt' cvov 8ivat 8061twv "Ai3o9? eioww,
7)1kZv 8' ai5 0tX0r'p-~t Kait o'plta 7wtor-a yeve'o-Oat.
RNt29? aip' ccOav, 71-AXXev 8e" pe'ya,? iopv~aio0Xoq 'Eco
&~ropoCwp  11a6pw9 8 06\  9 Oo-qeK icXq-pos' opovo-ev.  325
O1 /uLv e7rtEO' Z~ov7o KaTa\oT    q cZteK'-q
t7r7t~t ae'abro'e K'a1' 7roLKLb   rEv/x' 6Iet
The chamf ions arm themselves;
av7ap 5 ry qu4' w/ol-ot-t e8va-eTo Tev~ea Ka?42
8Z1oq 'AXE' 4av8poq, 'EX('vq, 7T00atq yV'~Io/Jpt0.
Kvfl.ttaq /.e~v wrp -Ta 7rep&b1vc KV7)/,go-tv CWficev     330
Ica~c9, ayvpcow-w '7wto-0vpiotq Apapvt'aq~
8EvTepov aLv OdApflKC 7rept aT 'flOEUUWt 6(SVVEl
o1o 1caoivyvq-oto AvKaovo9~,?7p/J-0oce 8' ai~r(O.
~alP1 8 ap clo/0to-tv /3aX-eTo Vifoo9 apyvpoyXov
xAiKeov, aELVTa~p 6"rEL7ra 0awKo0 1Leya TE urTt/3ap0ov Tel  335
KpaTt 8' bw ifOUp    6V17 EV7VKTQV 60ThKEV,
L7lr7T0VptV' 8eL'O~v 8 X6Uooo9 KcaU7repOev~ E"VE VEl.
ELetO8     'XLOV7X'0L 7raXa[L?)i7bLV a'pfpet.
&og 8' av'rcoq Mcv4'Xao9~ Ltp5/t9 EliTe' `8 VVE V.




72


72               ~~~IAIAAOM   I.


a nd s/fride in to (lie lis ts.
OL' 3 eWe'l ovW) JKcaLTEcOev 0'Xov Ocop 'XOqolav,     340
E( /.&ocov Tp(Aa~v Icat (AA)6T  xf~
&3E\VO1 86PKo/J    0 c i43os     9eV) ELO~poOwTaZ
Tpc-oais~ 0 tWWQro~'/t/OVI~ iKa& eu~zlcv 't~as~' AxaL
Kat p Eyyva OT17v 8ta/.eTp?7jTcO JAC XWP9?
IELioPT cyXciact X   ~tct KcoTEovTEc.                    345
71~-pocrO  3' 'AXIE'~av~pos' 77pot"t aot3xLoc-Klcov Erxo9~,
Icat /3Aev 'ATpci~3aO KaT- a'wircta 77a'v7-oO' E'toTv.
ov3 epp'7~ev XaXi6co~, a'veyva/I4kOyq 84 ol' atiX/3
' l) pc7pp     0 E3VTEPOs~ W~PVVT X X(P)
'ATpE!'&ql MePEXao,? EWvcva/LevoS~ JLtC 7ract~p          35SO
Zcvi a'fva, 309, -Tfcoaa-Oat 0' fIC 7tpOTePO9? Kcac eofl7e,
3tov 'AX6'~av~'poP, KctL ep'Ly9 '7r Xepc~ 8 'coo-v
TLS Eppypt KaL& f0 yvo    a Z)O7r(ccw
~CtVOUoKOV KaLKa pe~caL, 0 KEV) cJOT'~rJa 7wapacroXy,.
'~H "a, Kcat aJ/L7Tc~wa-XcOv 7rpoi'et 8oXtXooG-Ktov E'7X'os~,  355
Ical 3a'Xe Flptalud~aO KaTr a&o-7wia 7wc'vroo-' et"O-q~v.
8ta' lkei' a07rL309o, yXe cfaetvr, 6/3ptyuop 6'7os'
icat 3a O6jpyKoI~ 7roXV~cLL8cLXov y2ptT
aV tpV3capa' Xap          ' v 6I8t cxv
CE7%Ol~ 0 3 EXi'vOf Ka\1 a3XevaTO lc~ct afLE a~Y          6\0
'ATpct3rp9 8' Jpvccaevo9~ ~t'oo9 apyvpoyXop
7rX~J4cv a'vao6c- evo91CP  KOpv~o9~ fatXov- a4/bo 3' atp' av'Tct^
TPLXOa' T6 ca~t TETPaLXOa' 8taTpvOfE\l) CK7EOE6 XEtpoS'.
'AT pd3?79 3' ft/)'IuoEz) I&A6 d9', oiv'pavw~ cv'pvlv*
ZEDJ 7raTrep, oiv 7(t9 0et0 OE~Wv OXO6OT~poQ9 a~xxoS2  365
71 Ir'  balwkm' Tirtao-Oat 'AX'tavapov KcaKo'77TpO'r
vih' 36 p.ot CV XE fPEacV a"yq7 it/oS', C/'ic n /-' /7Xo




IAIAA&o2 r.


73?~tXfl  X~tfltv  T(Wxnov, OV  E/aOV pI.UV
'H, Ic' 6'7al`~d$9 K'pv~o9 Xa43v t7Tvr8a06ifl9
6eXKE 8' 6EwtoTpE-4rcZ9 /ET' 6Evjv7v '  8a9~ 'A~ato6"      370
ayxc 8c bUYv 7roxvKceaoT9 lpaq ar7rctklv V7rc) 86qn)'v,
09v0    a LfT  LUE6 o   XV9 rcTaT1ro Tpv~p~aXE'f9
The combat is already decided in favor of Men elaos, when Afihrodute interftoses, rescues Paris from the victor, and transports
him to his own bed-chamber,
Kal ill) K,6V EtpV(TO(TE  TE Ica\4 C-7r7TEov tpaTO 161809,g
L q\ a~lp) 6(1\ vol?7o0e Adto\ Ovuya'n 'AopoUi~
O7t PI~CV t/lcavra &3009 loft KTap/.L6Y0L                375
K~eIvy 8E Tpvcf~Xeta ac.k 6'-7er   ep   7a"eq
'r7v /.LEZ E7reWo 2q~pco9 /,WT EvKvq)/t8aq 'Axatoi\Y?
j'F*' E'71t8tv)15-a9~, lclto-av 8' E'pl'7pE9 r'a-tpot.
av'rap 8 af En-opova-e KcTacLTa/LEvat ~E)cVO
er'/Xd xaXKEI9? - TOV 8' e' 4p~ra  'A~po8t&?               380
p~ta,tAX 09 TE6 06069, 66AXV*JP 8' a~p' 7,'4pt wroXkjk,"
A s8 8' Ja-' 'v Oa-x c  t) Eico8e  KaiEVL
whither she summons Helen,
a~VT) 8' i0' EX e'vql IcdX E'o v c' r'e  v Tn\v 8' C.KlX a ve v
VPl WO       JtflX, 'iTep\ &  Tpcoal aXt9? q'aav.
XEtlP 86 VEICrap6OV Eavov &T1Va~e Xa/3oio-a,               38 5
'-pn 8 p.tv eLblJLEa 7aXatryevi1 71rp0ooE-WE
Etp0K/J9      ' Aacuekapovt vat6TOC~o-'
27764Lpa I~X CLu~XLOra 86' /LLv OAXCOIC
7-l ptv Eewa/LEf WrPQOO7C/O1)ee 8V' 'A~po8t'Tql
Zl6v   t YO  'AXE`av8po'9 o-e,caXct OtK6v8ce ve~eoOat.  390
1x614)0 0 7y 61) Ua~a'/.Uco 16al &OT1)0147L




74


74               ~~~~IAIAAOy, r.

ICaX-Xel Te COTIX9A  atE/Y    v  OueKESai
avapl lkX77/apevo Tovi y1 ex~ew', axxa, xopo'vae
Epxra-O ye %opoto veov XqyovTa Kca&'~ecv.
`dl~ Ofa'To, T17^ I apI \R1.O IV \OryOEa-ctLv o"pwev  395
ica~b p (On 01)7 evo7cYe Oea';~ 7rcpuca-XXEct 8etp?\7v
aTy~Oea 0' i1.k~p~evT cal KEl-kpLara /fappLalpovra,
04z3a'Pq-c'v r' a'p ew7etra ewro'; r' eOa'7 etK 7' ovop4aE
who at first resists, but is compelled to compy
AJatp~ovt~q, 'd,e Tav'a XtXai'eab 777epowrevewv;
1I  I                     I
ovvpe (?)povih' 7  tcov 'A e'(pv MaolevXacov
",vuc~-' 4Ppvyt',q q-vep7 M,  aOtva3aeoO
/Tob ~t ooa-tCC0 wo(3atv V 0pEea9 "~rO~Vaw
OxWaE= 87T7 p?- KEWov 'A-Ve'Kavto M cbXao —,?
Il;0K  -2 CLXOXOca-vepqv/16 ~to-eat,2)' ae (3OaStyV
xeovvla V7ropO-ve8"ova~ ~  ov'v-a X4o;T va  3 apecwia-405?to r~apa?a-v~o  ca,   (3co ax aomicpt ke Uvt~9
pq4 a — (3' a,4~ob74pwcov [L27Tio/JaL'xeta, OXvyprov,
Tpo%. Kale rpbK F~vaov, a-b (34 KEP KaOZ OvTOVacXyat
ice2' Ec ct  E(ea-E~v (3' qEe'vy, At i' gryeya~v qv
/3iOT 8 Caraa-ov,ttev   I EaVe pyycG-'T\  6 cvE 4Iawp
a-tivov wrop-aveovoppha Xc~g pev b 6 /PX   (3' (37rIC( A),UJ  2




IAIAA02 r.              7


75


A15hrodite and Helen enter Paris's house.
At" 3' 067' 'AXe>d~poto 30/1LLV 71-eptKctXXc" 2'OVTrO,
dfkihdwoXot ~LCV C"EWTa Oow'~63s~i ~prya Tpd~i-oVT0,?7 8' EtSg i5-*frpofov Oa'Xa/pLov KL'e 3-a rlvvatK~oW.
7-3 ' a~c 3k pop C'Xo%-ca 0Xop/.kt/Le'7 'A~po8Cirn
awn  'AXE~6zWpoto Oca KcLTEGIJICE  epvc                  2
gv~a Ka&t~T 'EXEvfl, Kot'p,77 dt' alyoxOtO,
0COYTE raXWv KCxivao-a, W00',tV  17 VI77ata WEv0
Helen u15braids her husband with his cowardice.
IIMvO~eg Jc voX4ov - ', (OcfeXE ai'T-6O' 0X&&E
avp~p' 8q/aelg KpcaT~pW, 0E/LOSk~ 7r-pOT~pO9 77o-00St TEV.
27 [LV (3? 7TpiVyEx     pio       MEE&O                   30
I0y TE /31 Ka\ XEp(Jb ica~ E7XeE SbE'PTEPO9 Etvat&
JXX' 'O vC      oKXeo-o-at d&pqd~btv MEve'Xaov
c~aIfTtq  aX oao-Oat cvaVIrricw.  AXXa' &" ErYW (ye
7ravEo-Oat KE'Xo/at, jvq ~avOo3' MeveVa'c
aWTI/3t0V 77-OX/LoV 7roXE/JA4EWtVr i786 -L'er             435
aq0pctoE(09, tzal7 V-g TraX  vwr aVTOV oovp~t 0 apLd'
TI~v 8c' l~a'pt,LV'OQOtWt A',LLEL/30/JEVO? WrpoG-ELt716-V
/.LI p1, 'yvvat, XaXEWrF(tV ov OEt 3E  OU1La \V(7E
vvv p-tv ryap MEve'Xao9? E'vIK7o-ev ai~v 'AOvy
KEWov (3 atVTt9 c766  7trtp() ryap OEOI EtO-t KatqptLLV.  440
aXx' ATE (31 ((OIT17TL Tpavcto/LEV EVV17O70JT
0v yap 7rcW) WOT6 II W0 7y epwo? Ofpema abL.bEaXVEV
ov('.'r o-re 0w7pWTov Aacvcc(a4Lovo9 E3 CEpaTELP9S
EWXE1J ~77-9 El WO tOWpOL   VEET(LV
vro- (3' cv Kpava'c, E/A21 OftXo'-17-rt Kat Eivj,       445
cog a-co vv' epapat Kal /L 7yXVKv~ `1-kEpo9 aipet.




76


IAIAAOB F.


'H  pa, nal a'pxe X~xoGo&' Ictwiv  ata     EL6'7eTET AKlortL~.
TO) /J4EV ap ev) Tpq7Totat Kca-revvaTOev XeXeE(~t0V.
Meanwhile Menelaos charges through thre ba/tie-field in search
of Paris;
'AT61'8''~8'a'V 6pIluov exooira Oqjpt EOtUC(O9
et 7rOv Eo-ctOp 'jcTtev) 'AVe'apapov OeoeLtEa.             450
aXX 0?) 7L~ 43vLaTo Tpwctov KAeLtCrO1) T E77-cov'pO~v
8'6t'at & 'AX~avpov -r'n' aJpqi~tiXq MevcX"(.
0) [tev ryap (tLXO'7Tq-t ry EKEV'OCal)0, ct 7v~t9 o0m0
LOWl ry/ap oNP"' 7WictvW a'm&7OeCTo Klp't /tEXatlVy.q
and Agamemnon claims that Helen be delivered uj5 to the Greeks,
in comjhliance with the comjhact.
TOoUct U  na't pTeEL7Tml) dva4 avtapc&o 'Ayau~llkvDv-      455
K&E'cxvVE [ev, Tpw'iES~ na't Japavot n'8' E7TL'KQVpOL.ptlcfl ptEl) 8 cfail)ET' a'p'qiOIXov MevEX'ov,
vptt 3' ' Apryebqvl) CEX)qv) Iat n717[tao ap awry
el\ I                  5,,
TE ro  iat  EC ffOlkEl)0L0  [LkET  al)Op~oJ'rotL 7L  EX flrai.  460
`129~ C"aT' 'A'rpd&qi', 6r~ 3' jpeov~ cXXot 'A~atoi.






THE ILIAD.
BOOK IV.
The Gods in council.
Ot 83' OEOi' 7flp Z)V't' KaOytEpovt 97'0/o&WVTo
XpvacEp Ev t8awr'8, /ra' &' uo~tt 7-r'vta efHI3,
V~EK7-ap Eawox6EW   T-t   6 XPv-'ot'   &WraieOut
8eE~T    aXX97'XoVs? TpaCOw 7woXtv ELO-0POW0VTCESZeus taunts f/era with her neglect of Menelaos,
AvtI'E7rtpcrT7o Kpo7v(3ysq( E`PEOt~e'4pc  rIUpqjv     5
ICEPTO/~tt't 67TeeaffL, 7rapaflX17'fl1v a(L7opevO()1
zAotat,tt'v Mevei'cVc a'p?7yo'veS EcYl OEatwv,.'Hp?? r 'Apyet'q Iat 'AXaXKopeLEZJ4~ 'AOriq
JXX  'qT     Ta- t  voo-pt Kaur/Ltevat ctopowcoat
TI 7TO-90VW  TWO 83 azrrE OftXo/L~ut8t&79 'A~po81`T1        Io
atet 77-ap/tep(L3Xw/e Ka~t a'TrOVu lnrpas~ ailkvvet,
ictV-  'e~Eciwaev 'toteo/Lvv OalJEEo-Oat.
a'XX ') 'TOt 'VI"KqIJ EV JpniotXov MEV~d'ov.
and tropioses that the Gods decide whether the combat shall be renewed, orjfeace be concluded and Troy remain unharmed.
'H   11  6 cfpaz O'wiO, 0'7TC09 C't7Tat Ta'863E p~ya,?7 p  aVTt9 7ToOAELV TE IcaKov Kal fvowv        aivpi
ocO/.LAEV,?7 cftXT77)a /LET  aFLOfOT6pOW-t I8a~x&)tev.




78


IAIAAO2M A.


d  3'  av  '7r(Oq  70&6  7aTC  ObA OV  Ka'  '8   y'v to
-rot  ".eV)  O  KOtTO  7n6Xs' F  ta/poto  avanros,,
avrtg 8' 'ApycC'q   'EXC'Pqv MeveXao,; cdiyo/TrO.
A thena and Hera hear this firoyPosal with indignation,
dX2~ ~; ba O', at' S' E7retv~av 'AOIvaty TE Kcal Hp7.-  20 -wXno-iat at' y'?70O7v, KaCa' 8e TpO4eo-o-tL /itE&JdfV.
r1 Ot  'A~fvati'i  aKE'UW1   ' )V  OV &6  Trt  E777rE,
(7Kv~0/~temf Zdt~ ra-rp4' X6`Xo,' 8e ktv ayptos? jqpet
8~y.'  01)/c  E  a.3e  a-r-Ooq  x 'op   ' X   'p8n a.
and the latter pirotests against the thwarting of her desire,
A IvO'Tcvre  K povi.3iq,  7T020ov   7r~w  IuOov  EeM re9.  2
7redW.E  Xetq ' Xtov Odtvat 7TovoZ) y.  arex~co-TOV,
i.3p&1 0' O'v 28cpoo-a /-toye/W KcajLer17v 8el [tLOL t/V7wot
Xao~v  a'yetpov'o-l Fpai(OK,      rOwO  rE  Tato-wv.
gpl.    a Jra~p ov~ ro t 7rav-rc e7TatvcQohiv Ocot AXXot.
until Zeus consents that she work her will upon the city,
T~v 86 tin   6X0~aa~ 7rpoa-Ec/O V)CfEX?7r/Ep~a Zv'~     30.3atl.tovr,  TI  Vt'  0E6  HpIl o9ptaUO   H   aloto  re  7TaL.3E
Troaoa lKa/da p'e'0U(VCL. O ' a(o7wepXe9 [teveatLvetS
'RI~ov C'aXa'rda'at &inrTUIVOV    7TroVtEOpOV;
8c a-,~ ')' ELO-XOoOVo-a 77iVXa(; Kab\ TEIXca [ka/Cpa
4L40w /3E/&JOOvS Hlptaltov flpta'toto6 Te 7wat-a9         35
IjXXov9 TE Tpwai9, TOTE KEl) X0          n&at
E'pov  067rw9,  E OXA EVt'r   \~  Toi-7r6  7E6  VL'K/OS  0'7t-170)0(
crot ncat e/.ot ALe/ epta-pa [LET a/J4orTCpot(t ryEVn7rat.




IAIAA02; A.


79


threatening, however, to destroy suich of her cities as he may pilease,
in the future, as the price of his concession.
"AXXo    4 -rot Jpeco, o-v 3' Jv  4peo-t /a'XXeo  3o-w770
O7TWroTe KEL) Ka& Ey) /Leb&)Saf-, 7TOL1  aaw    at         40
'rT VW       0aep''Xot, 8'Ot rot Ot(XOL  VJ'pE9 Eyly~ydao-t,,a'Tt 8tarptq3ctv TrOlv E/l4Oll XO'Xol, aZXXa',ct e'a&at.
Kal   ap  ey&) co-o 83&a EKO#Jv aeKoVT  eye O~
at fyap vwr n7EAIC Te nat oivpav(Ao aJorepOezV76
vateraovo't w6oXflqe9 77tXOoiwwV a'VOpC07r(O,              45
Ta,tkt 7Tept nci7pt TtEOCKETQ O 0   tpy
tcat Hpau,Lto  ial Xa    6 EVLIEXO Hptcatoto.
ov~ yap flot 7oTTe /3( 0/S0\9 e E3VeTo Sat7r0 ( eto-7q?,
Xot/3i~ TE KImic-p  Te- To ryap Xao/~Lel ryepa, Jl~9
H-era accepits this condition,
Toiv 8' 171.l`e11E7  67TetTa 13o(07rtq -7norvta ~'Hpq    50s
Iq Tot C/lot Tpets' /1Ev 7ToXv cATda-rat' ela-t 7T0'X?7ES,
"A pyo, TE 27,ra'pTr7 TE Kat evpvayvta MvKnIVq
Ta  '3ta7-e'porat, 8%' av -rot a7rE'XOollat wEpt \Ipt
Tacov oi Tot eyco wrp aO' o-Ta/Lat ov~3 /e pyaipco.
et 7I7ep yap cfooveo Te Kcat 01K Etw) &amre'poat,.5/5
OvK a~vvO cpOZveoUO-, E'7Tdt?,7 7TOMJ 6prepT~Os EtO-Gt'
a Xp?7 nat /l~llv Oc/ldLlat 7TollOl OVK (LTEXCO-TOV *
at ya   c'yw) OEo9 EL/It, fyello9 &  /lteVl~  O 0   -ot,
nat /IE 7rpEo-/3lJra'Tfll TEKETro Kpollo9 aynvXo/lI-f9
a/lo-kOEPOll, 7EVE? TE nat OVVEKa o-7) 7r-apcKot7-tq       6o
/KEKXfl/lat, o-v' 86 va-o-ta /lET Mavallroto-tll aVaoO-Et.!XX ' ' Tot,tkcz Tai3 O' V'7roetI~o/lEv aXXq'Xoto-t,
o-ot /lev E yOt ai (3 E/l-ot  ~t E t  eollrat OEOt a~~o




80


8o           L~~~AIAA0O; A.


90 varot. a' 8     O'cooov 'AOiiva "   '7wtrcZXat
EXOeWv E',~ Tpc#aWP Kait 'A~aetc'w oJ'Xowtv atznVV,        6
-7retpav  '&') Ke Tp('csE, i'7wcptcbav-ras' 'Ayatov',
ap~(cOL wIp6'TEPOt v'7Tcp o'pKta &qX'Caco-Oat.
and, Athena is despatched totrevent the fulfilment of the treaty.
tX(2q e"baT-  ov)8' avzriffqo-e 7wavp am~p~wV 7-E OeCC-V T'r
avt/ 7K'AOqvatbjv e671reC 7rT6pO6vTa,7po(TV'8a
Alfra paX' E'9 C~paTVe? E'XOC' /JTa" Tpa(; Kca~ 'Aatotvk ',77etpav 3' Wc? Ke Tpw-es~ LvEpKv'8VTaS~ 'A~atcoi\s'
ap~o-t wrp06Tpot Ve7rCp Ofp~ita 8(q?7XJoCta-Oat.
El? 7r(OlJ (IO7)TVPC 77pos' 1,uelkav~c   'AOi~?vi,
83 6 (S  KtT' Ov'Xv'/JA~rot Kap?2)V&w  ai c 0-a,
OiOV (S' aUflTEpE -jKE Kpopovo  wcais a'y/KvXoAV4, T C,    75,7Va 0yOt Tepas'?l cUTpaT7x) EVpELX6v
Xapv77p0'P TOO) 8S' TE 77oXXot a7ro 0'W7rtO17PE9 ZVTatL*
7 6t EKU  7i7  67  xO'va FHa-X-Xa    'AO'wq
Ka(  S'~Op E' Leo-ov- Oa,/43o9~ (       e~e1) eta0POWVTat9
Tpo')a's 0' tiww7o(Sc'tovs K'al EVKV?) t(as 'Axatoi'(s.     So
W'86 8S' TtS' ELWE0r6-KEV t'8(\W e9~ 77~Xqot'oi a"XXov
'H  p  a~I?)tq 7TO0XEALO9l TE KaKo9 KaLL SbL'Xo7rtS ai'vcq
EOTETatL, y,1 ctXOrT'qTa /J4ET  aFLEIOT pOWL TifO?7OL
ZE~q, 091 7' a'VOp(07r0VTaO   kl,  rx6/l)TTV~t
Entering the host of the Trojans in humnan form, she urges Pandaros to shoot at Menelaos.
`dl9 a'pca rTV ECWE0-KEY 'AyatJ'V Te TpoW'W    TE.
a       tS th(p   LEX?  T-PCOiV KaTeSv-0  Lto,
Aao8S'ic  'AVT'qVop((Sy, K       "tT   a'XL7y
Uca'vSapov arTLOEOV &(Sqte'7Lvq, et 77OVay   6pt




IAIA.AO2M A.


EvPE AvKa'ovos' vt'ov av'lzopa' -re Kparepov rTE
Eo-raoT. a         /147/ILt KpaTE pac 0-TtXE,~ auolno 'Wv  90
Xac'w, oet' o01 gwovroV  a&w  Aio'q'oto pfocaxv.
a   ~Xo  IJa/E    7rea 7TTEp0EVTa 7poo-,3a
lH fa vvl,uLot Tr 7rtiOoto AvtKdovo,~ vLe' 8SatcWOV;
TrXatbj7 KEY MCEvXac(, E7rt7-L~poJe/4 TaXvii top,
lea- 8C  e Tpcoeoot XapWv Kal, Kcv6oC Cpoto,        95
~C '7-fzaVTWv 8' tadXwLCra 'AXea4v~ppo %act~ij.
TOV KEV 87'J 7ra/vk77p(OTa 77Yaf WfXtaa &Zpa OCfpoto,
a'tE       MsVE'Xaov   piov'Apo         vv
079) /3E`eic 6,LVOE  7TrVpJS' EWL/3CL11T' a'XElyElWt
Ltxx' cL75 OLI7EO/ l MEYeXdlov KcV6aLXL/O                0
EVXco (3 'Avr6XXovt XVK~q7EYELi KXVTOTO'~(
apV6OJV 77p(JTO 707/OW PE~EYKE~?     ~T/jfh
OLKaL(E POUTTI1xL'a, icps', ev~ aCrrV Zcxctb).
H-e isj;5ersuaded, makes ready his bow, and lets fly an arrow,
~'d2~ naT' 'AOqvat'y, T(O' 86\ cOpevas~ aLOpov 7TEL6EY
/VL  E~Xa T0OV ciovijo           b5                105
ayptov, op pa 77T0T  aVTOI~ V7r0 O-TCpZJOLO TVXqc,tY~
'7rETP'q)  EK/3at'vo7/Ta, Mcyl-eyvos' Cv 7wpo~oijioe-,
707) Kcpact E  Ke~fa-Xtq'S e'K1,aL(3Ka(30)pa 7rE(,V'KEL
Kat T7a /LEV acOKcq0as Kcpa*o,0O  -qpape TEKT(AW,        Ho0
77aV 6' Cv' XCt2/Ya9? Xpvo-eq  cWeon/cE Kopct'Vy7/.
KaT       V L~ ci KaTeO?)alavoocvos~ 77-OTt yar
a7yKX(aS~- 77-po'cOcv 8e\ 0-abca coXEOoV eo-Oxot &'a~cpot,
7rptv /3Xio-Oat McEYEXaov a&p-qtov, 'ATp59( MOM.11
avrap o oviXa 77&4i0a OfapETp?7qs', EK 6' ACT' t~oz,




82


32             ~~~IAIAAO2  A.


aflXn7a 71-r1epoeVTa, /LEXatVEWV ep/z      w
alNPa 6' C~` VEvJ?' ICLEO     7Jrt KPOV OW(TTOVJ
EUxETo 3' 'A77dXXcovt XVKnfl/EVEL KcXvT-o-ro'
ctpvPii 7;-pOJTOlO7OV&V peetv KXeLtqV eKaT7O/,uL/3q    120
exKE 3' 6'jofi yXv&3ias' TE Xct/3oz Icat, v~v-pa f6Oa V
l)E~~7V/~LE F~~l)7rEXaCTEV, TO~W 8EN crt'8pov.
av~rap eWELt 8y' KUKXOTCpE' 1yaTO~1'top     VE
Xiry4e /3t6', vevpq ) 3 k 'y  aXEZ, 'iXTr 3'OTO82
ov3   KaLO' 0/LtXoV C'WLW~TEOa-0  p~eveatvav.
wh4ich ii~ftics a severe, but not fatal, wound.
OWU' a-EOcv, Mcvt'Xac, NoCt bka'KapCS? X6XaOP1T0
apc~aTzot, 7np6OTm  3C Zl  OyTnp9 a7XEJ
nTO t 7p6OOe 0-Tao -a  'XEo,?EETEK~(tLPV
7'I 3e TOo-O0V /Jke\V EfeO7CV (t-o\ Xpoos-, (OSI? O'TE AL1).T??/)  130
77Tat3o, eeJpyy,wtvav  'o' 7  Xe ~  LDwc
airn  ' av'r LVZJEi 'Ot ~(,wO-Tr-pos- ox~J
XPVo-ELOL OLWE~xOV Kcat      0 3ezXo'qVTET
eV 3' EW77t60E ~(0-T?-7pt afP?7pO'Tt 77tKPOs' 0(0-T69'
a/pev~ t ~(0)0TypOI9 `X /XaTO 8at~aXeoto,             5
Icat 8&a &~lp77KcO9 7oXv~at&a-Xov ')ppcoT
Pz'779 0'       PC ~c~e pu,-ka Xpoos-, e'plcos aKo6V&W,
17 Ot 77rXdt-T0) e"pVTO. 8ta 7Tpo 8e EUta-TO Kat TI.
aKpOTaTOV 8 3  f' O't-GTO9  77WeypaeLfP  XpOa  b&oos-'~
aVTt/KC  3' `epeEl albta KE~aLJcfJe9 E5~ &'OTE(Xr/.     140
'l2S? 3' OeTeTt( TS' 7  EXef aVTa 7W'17 Ofoivn ' s~
Myovpt 7) Kdetpa, 7rjap-qtov epttepai6 t'W7icoW
ICetTaL 3' C7v 0aXa'o6, 7WOXC&  Te' [tV 'pf7OLT
t~l~WE9 ~Op~w  /8ao-X 6\ 3KdtTat 'La-lxlpa,




IAIAAOZ A.


83


ap4&zepov, Koo-[L09? 0' ~'wwp~ E'Xa7Tqpt' TE KV-80O9   145
Totob Tot, Meve'Xae, uttavPOv aitllLa-tL,W17po
evc/IVCE'9 K~Vr-a I Te 183 a-c CVpa\ taX bv71vepOe.
Agamemnon is struck witk dismay,
qPya-ev 8' dap E`7-eLTa dt'a4 aJv~pwiv 'Aryaaevcov,
(i)(? EL~E  Ic/a=a[    KaTafp)eov e' (tY 77q -)'
pty'qa-EV 86 Kca~ av'To' aJpn"tcXov? Meve`Xaos~.       150
a~opp     0  Ovlk~ 'P a-r iOea-a-cv Jy'p0q.
TOt'? 86 Iapi' a —rva'Xcv Itc7TEby KpeL'Cwv 'Aya/I&LUVWV
xep, exo     Mevc'Xaov- eWea-revCaXolro 8' e-rat'poc
CPtX6 Kaa-i"Yvpre, OapaTO'v PVl Tot O'p/C' eTCrl/Wov,  5 5
olou wrpoa-ra-as- wpo 'A~at~o Tpwoa-\,J.aXro-Oat,
co  a- ~'/3aXov Tpc'0e9, KCaTa~  opitta wtai-ra wraTi7o-av.
0' JLEL 7T(,) a'Xtov' 7re'XcL o'pntov all4a -re apvwv.
a-7rov~ai -r a"bcpy7ot Kab 83e~tai,     ' EWEWO/&v.
et 'n-ep 7ycp Te Kat aulTtKt  OXvp~7ro,? OVKC ETexeca-ev,  i 6o
e/C TE Ka   0CLI7 /aIrt-p
a-vv aG~-tv K~/aX2- yWat~' 7-E KaLt TEKEEa-a-tP.
E   ya) 7/seyJ TO(3 aLLKI    (VCL Kat naaOpov,
ga-aerat 77ap, Tir cV 7r OT  OXO   "I0tos  p77
naIHc   f~sat                         a a  ~IJI  pu~oto,16
Zei'? el -Obt Kpovt'tays? z5-fI~vryos-, ahOCpt valawv,
alvo 0   t —Ep-vtzp/vv&       8a 7raTl7a-S ttaT?7ra-r /OTEOJV. Ta /JLev ea-a-eTat Qovt aT-reX-,a-T
XX  p~ot ativw ays a-OZ     aaEat Mev'Xae,
a CE Oczn '  at 7 '-/ov a&vawxja7 s /cToto.17
natK   '  'Xyt-o-wXvC8i top "A pyo-~ bo/y'
aTnt'a ryap jivra-ovrat 'A   to 7rarp t'o  a'i




84


IAIAAO2M A.


K~a'8 8E' KEV EVX(oX'Vl Ilptafiq Ka't Tpwoxr X&TLLE
'Apryebm'? 'EX&'ylvl oro (' O(GTTea 7TV~o-e  apovipa
K EL/ C V Q   El) T p o y   a T E X U 1 T (O)   C7 -   Cp yco.17
KcLL IE 7t(? ~(0 EpEEL TpWo07w V77-e(Yl7VOpeOVTwAV
TV,/3(p) EW~OpWO-ICaw1) MEVEXa'OV KV8aXL/Jloco
a O'O  oiTw  '7r   7 5 -  X O   TE'XEE E  ')A ya u~awe 0,
Iat vvv 3Xtov o —pa-rov rf'71aycv evOa(3' 'A~ato-i,
~   ( )   ~ 3 y   ~ ic v ( 3   4 d y v E '9   w a T p i( 3  a a  i8 o
CVV KEWP OWivO-i Xturc'       '7aO'v MEvE'Xaov.
ON) WOT6 7(9~ EpEEtU ToTE ipo  Xavt evpeta x06O"*
but is re-assured by Afenelaos,
Thv (3' 6'7tapo-v'v~w  vnpoo-&/ni 4avO\& MEv'Xao,~
Oapo-eL,  p.v(3E  t'K  vlw   8ctEtioJEo  Xa'v  'Axat&P).
OVIC  EV' Katptep  o   v  a 717/d aO,  aX   an~po
EtpvO-aTro ~'WoTrp re w.avat'oxos' r,(3' UWVEPcpOe
TIk'-E  Kalt  /i.LtT/Y1,  T\V  XaXK17Eq  KaFILOP  dv(3pE9.
Toiv (3' arafut,8/3(LEV09? V7pOG-EO7 KPEL(OP 'Aya/ie'1uv6O
at  ryap  oi  v VT)q 9 t? ELI)  (f'X0oq~  M ev'Xac
gx KO 9( 3'  il)TI77p   E77-t.La o- eTa t q)(  e 7Tt040-E  I 90
ObacppuaX', 'a K6V) 7wai%-yo ~eXatwowv 0(3vva'ov.
and desp5atchzes Talthybios to bring thep}5ysician Machaoni.
'H,,ea~  TaXKi3tov,  OctoP  K)7pvKa,  71poa?7v~a*
TaXOv'/3', OTTLr -ra'X~tca Ma~a'ova (3E'po Ka'XEO'OP.,
O~jrr  'A o-lcX ywwtov   vtI&),  a'ltv/10P09?  t?7T7pO(;,
6'0pa 't(3p, MEz4Xaov alp?'oP, 'ATpE'09 viop,            I95
OPV  ( Tt W-TEV'caq  'E/aXEv  Tr'O~&J   Ev  EtL&609
T pa ~ v   i   A w d w v  TO \VE   K X EO91,  a4t ~t   (3'  7T VO ol?.
1d29  EcfaT',  OV(3'  apa  oi KyPV~ aw7tO cG-,EV  2tCov'-as',




IAIAAOT, A.                       8


85


/3  3'i~vt ia~Xadv 'Ayat~v XaXKoXITW'VC0
7TawrTatovw?3pwa Ma~adovc.     TO   3  EVO?7O0ev         200
&GTa'T" a/o      8c I-kv icpa-repa\  7- GXE,;  7rtrovT
Xa 'p, opt/ ol' 6/7TO ro Tpty  E  M77T0/3070t0.
a7O     3' ira-Ta/llEVoS~ ef7Tca 7TTEpoELJTc -zrpoo-,qV3ca.
Machaon is found, and dr-cS-ses-4-be wound of Mfenet'aos.
'OpG-', 'AaTcX'pr~ta63, KaX~et KpEL'OJv 'Aryau61,tP(AVwv
C~ap~? MEv'-Xaov a'pij"z,          'Axatw~v,           205
TLS  -r'aOLTEVEL  63aXev TO'1)v El EtcO8
Tpa  )AvKdwV, TC,LE    KXOS, ap/,p  &   wE~o~
a1   abTO, T(O' 3  ct'pa OU/JOV EZlt cTTJOETULZ)t 0"pL71e,3av 3' IE'vat /taO' 0'4uLXov avpa 0-TpaTOV Evpv) 'A~atft'V.
aX O'TE 87 7' P" Kavov 3'Ot ~av~O', MevE'Xao, 21
j3xqJlkeLo~'O V, we-pL, 3' av'To\ a'tyqqy'paO' O'ooot a'ipO-T-OC
ICKXa  S ' ClV,LCOCO~to't Trtpo~aOLOES?~
aV'-KIC  3'EKof(a'rpQ     ap7f-rap' EXTE1J OUT'TOV
TOi3 3' E~CXKOUEtvow 7tctXtv ayYU OveE~ O07K0L.
-XVG-e 83' Ol' ~Wo74pa 7ravaifoxov?),  ' 7TEVep0e        215
~~U'TE KaL,~ Iz'P?7lV, 'T\V XaXK?7E,' Kca/lol) ap&pe(;.
avrTap E7TEt t3EV EXKOS', "O' E/l7TE06 WLKpOS' O0T0~,
ai/lt' eKlqv~7c-aS~ E'' a~p 'q7rta apappxta EtwS
7TaO-OE6, 'ra Ot 77-OTE 7TaTpt 6fC~c~pvol    0rp   Xt'p~o.
Meanwhile, for the Trolans have renewed the combat, Agamevni~on
exhorts the leaders of the Greeks.
Ocfpa TO~t a(1t0Cf)77EV0lVT0 /07\7V aYaOo'v MEVE'Xaov, 220
Tl60bpc 3' 6'7L Tpcta~v oyCTIXI 7JXVOOZ) aOG7TtOTTaicolV
ol 3' aihTts  K 'Y 'TEV'XE  euVV, /W. a)7O3'     xi-\
"EvO' ov'lc a'V j3pl~OVra g~ots~ 'Aya/lk/lvova 3L0ov,




86


IAIAAOT, A.


)i8\  Ka a r w -a O T        1) /C  tOeXovra   F.ta'X ccr at,
a1 -X a\  Fa' c.7rEW OlTa.   P'X -q   E'S ~ KV&tv  pl.225
7t7irov9 [.Lev ryap gaoce Kat atp~ixaa 77TOt/KLXa Xa/
Ka I7o LC~sV  6Cpaw76V  a7rat(/CO   c!xc  cfvW-tocoV~a,;
Ev'pvi~&3'wv,  vi5'~  H7-oXt —tai'ov  Hcpa/8ao,
T O )  / X a   ' T t 6 X X   7 5 \ A   7 r ap t y 4./ K,r  p"  0  C.                  ~~~~~~07T7-7OTE IE  /itV
yt c   X/3i   Ka/IaTro~:  71rO - CLS'a(   6 a  tcoipav~ov -a*  3
airp  6                     LTOr0 7   o~tXa~  av   pcv.
Hi-0  o~ e.V,,,M agesII  IhiC Zeazlous,
Kal' j5' obiX tZE'v owCl'8oV7as~ ~'2ot ZJavac6v Ta~v7T~oJXO)z,',
TOv' uLaXa OapTVvEo-KIE 77-aptGTaL/JtEv o9 e7reEo-o-t1
'Apyd'ot, a? 7rw    t ILCKOET6  0  top8o' a'XK1J'7
Cv y a  E   *l qtv~c o-a t  W-ra   77  L "V  O- ' r (p y0,  235
aX'ot' 7wep 77-POTCPOL V'w~p opKtct &Jx?0caVT0,
TCOV TOt advTCOV T~~peva Xpoa fyvwcs? 68o0Vat,
1)7Lkc arT aXoXOIY TE OilXaS7 Kat, vq57rta T EiKva
a    El'c & V EOYV  67?7lv  7r-ToXtLOpov  EXw/Lev.
and upbraids the sluggisk.
Ob% Ttvas~ ai) [LEOLEVra9 t'ot o-,rvyEpov 7TOXE/LUOLO, 240
TOU /Att~a vEmcKE'CTKE XOX)-CTOW-LV E7T'cotcTV,
'Apryd'ot 16,ae-twpot, AXcyyjEc,, OV~ Vu OE/3co-OE;
Itiof 76OVTOJS' Eo-T77re TcO?77T0TE9~ qvTe iie/pot,
at  'r  EWft   01)1-  etca[l01o   wroXeos ~ WE8Loto   O ovo-at,
V,  /p~ l   I      \                        24-5,ora r   v   ap   s   Cot  [6E7-a'  ppEC-it Iyt`yvo-at  aAXKr 24
CO)  iJ /I Et;  ECOT?7TE  TCOq77ToT'-r   ov8E\,La'XcoOe.
7)  EV T  Tp a 9~ o-XE(30V  E'XO Ec/scp,  6evOa   TE   l'7)7E'
EtpvaT   cV77pVlkVOt, 7wOXtniS C5r Otz'b OaXa'cr-c7,,
6'0pa '2pT', at' ic' i`~ /Uttv &wepo-xp xFpa Kpovkiw




1AIAA0O: A.


87


ic2? 1ey   otpavcwv e7re7w0XELt-o o —ti7.aV av~pWiV  250,qXOe 8' E'n-'t KpqjTeoc-a KLCOL ava~ ov'Xapo'v a4v8 pwv.
8' 'pFoc 'Tol-zev-a    8atcfpova~ 0wpq2GGocTOvr
M~pov?8' atpct ot 7TV~kaa,?t O7TPV71E 0a'Xayyat?.
TOVU? &E IUOP~ yr7O7cYEv   aiva~ a'v8pcwiv 'Aya1.z~'1waw,     255
auTi/ca 8' I8o/ievr7a 7rpoa-q'p8a ct AELx`OUtctV1
Exhorting single leaders, he comes first to Idomeneus;
I180/.LEVE, 7T'Ep~ 7)b 0E6 7150 Aavat'VL TaXv~r&)fXQW
77 EV E   7TTOXEF/LO) 278 aUXX~t'() E77i E'p7(0
7'78 EV 8atO,% OTE 7Wep WE 7EPOOUJLQV aL6Oo7Tc 7OLVO1
'Apyct'cow  ol a'ptO-Tot EVC KCPflV7-It KCEp60Tat.            260
et 7rep yap r' aXXOt 7E Ka'p-q1C 0.OO6VTE1? A~       to
8atTpo\V 7ri'vwo)-tv, cbOv 8E\ 7TXEL'Ov &EraV? aeleti
ecrT97X, (OS 'TEP C/SZOL, 7TtEVl, OWrE OU/L09\ aziw)y~,7.
a'AX  0OpoYev 7rO'XE/.O'v8', oloS' 7rapo09 EvXcaL Ecat.
To~v 8' ar'T  18o/IeveVS, Kp77T6IV Jay6s1, apTL'ov qj`8a-  265
'AT p~i`8f, Fpa'a ALE1b TOI e7l)(0 EpiflPOS~ EWTatpo9
ecco0/Jat, Wl   O7pOO       V~E-T7    Kal KcaWevevTaa
a'XX' Axxov9 OpTJVV Iap?7 KoFLLO&)v~aq 'Ayatoi`,,
ocjpc  Ta'XiO7a /iaXW0/JcE6,   re7T'tYV  7   09/y L opt'EXEVa
T9CE9  TQOtOLV 8' av' Oa'vaTo' Kat K778c    oviWoY(0       270
ec'TET, 67rEt 71-pO7Epob V7rCp OP/Eta 877Xr/'o-avTO.
next, to the Alaces;
'd(2,? EfaT' 'ATpEC(81qs' 8E' 7r-ap(,)XeTo 1yqO0`TUVO91 IC7p.
77'X6e 8' ev' A1aZJTE07GTt Ktwv) avct otvta~uov Jvp8pw'i
Teo &6 KcOpvG-aca-OyqV, a~pa 8' e )/0a? e7t'T     WECLV.




88


IAIAAOY, A.


W3     Oef 07  d7ro\  UKco7T k   E'8EV  vEJ09?  a   7rOfxo9  Ivl~  7
KpouvviaTa 7T0OVTOV V7r0 ZEObVpotw tailq
7(t) 8& 7' aVECVOEP e6Vrt /lkEXa'V7Epov 7)v)76 7rtooaC
Obaiver cov,'a~ra rop-rov, ayet 76 -eXatXawra wroXX77p,
tyq   v    -0 76  v    6  76i  c7Te09 ~ CXa 0E,c6)X
Totat aAI   Aiav~coo-e &o-rpeofJwl at'~17W'V               280
817o01 E'9 77T0'X6A0v 7TvKLIvaI, KU'vvT-o Sba'Xa(776
K~avcctt, calcO-ip -r6 Kat cYXEIYI VrC~lpLV'tat.
Ica t   T O1)?  p E   ry)7 Ol 0 7   8 W K 6 f ) ' y j ~ ' v
Ica tla U4wLL q&)Va01t e"77-a 7TTepo6ZYTL 77Tpoo-7V'8a
At~'azrT, 'Ap7t6iOV?77)770/TPE Xa-XKOXtT~1'ovd         285
COWf'i tk\V (O~' fya~p EQUIK OTpvvE',LCeV) o1' rT KcexeV~
aut) yap FtXa Xao'v     avw')ye-rov 'O  paLXeJOat1
at~ ryp, Z6i 76c 7r-T6p Ica~t 'AOyvafq ca~t "AwroXXov,
70L09 iractvti Ovtu\59 JC\o1''Out 077O117 EP0170o
79)& KcE  7rax   l1)vW(te   v      a7o 9 H t tpoto  avafcroq.  290
nexrt, to Nestor;
4d29  ELW&Wo   701)9( /.E~v  Xl7rev  avTOV',  /31)  8E\  JET I  atxxov9.
C'O' ' (ye NE'rop ' C`TET/lE, Xty/vv FIvXtiwv ayopqyr7v,
0iJ c -apov9 oUTE'XXov7La KcaL o'-pVVpov7a flaXeJOat,
altof  p7av    IleXayop-rac 'AXdO-TOP~  76-r  Xpo~a'    6   9
A   71uova  76e  Kcp6L0V7r   B t'aVra  76,  ~t0lIevc   'Xaowv.
Mi7Trfla(t  /kEv   7i1-pow a  oYVl)  Lt7r   to(tLV  KaLI  0XecT(J)V,
7E 6O V'  8' E'6OtOC 0T?'7o-V 7T0xc'a9 76e KaL co-OXo 1\(
epKcO9 'E-Lev 7TOxE/Ikoto KaiKoV9 8 E9~ /Z67701'o EXaccc7v,
ocbpa   Kcat  o UKl   EOEXWv   719  avaryK atty  -7o-Xc/14 '0t.30
7TTV(Y   1 V     W    E T 7XX 6T70  Tow)   yap  av~oy~t
C~OW9 V7TT0V9 CXEFLEV /L178 KcXoVeE17Oat O/pi-Xp




IAIAAOZ A.


89


dOm? 7-p6O' aiX-Xv ueaLETw TpdEo-0Lu /.LaEGTOat,
fL77q' ava~copetTW   a'Xa77-a~voTCpot ryap co-co-06.     305
09? 8  IC azn7p a37T0 o\  w 6OXeOw  67CRp a~pliaO  r','?rat,
e7%et ope~aGo0o, We~ri A7 7rTOXV\ t/EPTEpov OVTo.
w&08  Icat olf WpO'6TEOt 76Xta9 Kai, TEIxE~ eTorpOcov
TOP&6 vO'v Kcat OVlLkO1 eli OTI70E0-ctvJ E'XoVTE9~.
`d9 Of ry~pcOV (0TpVVE 7ta'XaL WroXC/~L0V EV) EC&09. 310
KEL  \~ Avy~y     l(3&v KcpeI0v '.AyauejtV(0V,
iKab /.Lv (IOcvrOTaL e"77EEa WTEfJOEPTEL wpoo-9)V&La
'J2 ryepov, ELO.9(  OVIIO" ep 0-T?)0E0L7Lt qhXtottv,
&J;TOt yOVvaO' E`WOlTO, 3t'   C 8'TOt 'e"/LVCE(0S ELt17.
a'XXc" 0E rybpcl9 TEipet O~tLOltOV   C (0 E 'XV Tt9~    3I5
ap~pov axxol? eetv, CVN &6 KOVpOTEpOtG(Y LfLETELvaLL.
T~~w (' 'jLet'flT' gwe6tra Fcp 'vto9~ tiww7r'a NCTeOP'ATpei8,q,,.acXa uEJV Tot CE7W' JOe'XoLtt KaL& aLITo;,   I1el
et TOTE KOV~q9 ea,vv a-V ELTE pLe 77ipa9 oFa~' Et.
aXXa KE   co (09 C EOct /LeTeCo(7O/taL?7(3 IcaEXErEVOO
I8ovX" Icat jk'0tStouT  o\ (yatp cy'pcas  C'ci-t 7cp'V7~wv.
atX/laq (3' aitXILa(o-ov(YL vew)Tepot, Ot 7WEp 'EILELO
o7TXT O7yyaot7rrwotaoVT              /3ui tv             325
next, to Menestheus,
sf2s, e"0aT' 'ATpEL'8?'7q &c 7EapIt')XETO ryflOOOVVO9~ K'lqp.
cup  VLOV FIETEWOO MVevEot-a 7rX?7~-Lvrov
Eo-TaOT., au0\1 (3' '.AOqvat~ot, IpL77(YT(0PE9 aVT7q9.




90


90           ~~~~IAIAA02; A~.


and to Odysseus,
Arap o        tXaov &TIE  woX   'qvsl   VO-VaffEV',?rap 83' KcsbaXX 'vwv J/-b#  CTi'XES' OvKX a'Xawra&va    330
CJ-TcUa    0) ryap  77-O) COW)L  a'KOvECTOXaS  ir
aaX~~ Veov avvoptvb1.kcvat KlcvvvTrO c/AayyEs'
TpOW   v iwwo&4ikwv Icat. 'A~atc'v  otr 83E /-LE'V0VTE
go-rao-av, o6ww7-OT  7rvpyoS' 'AXacuo  aX   E~wX~
Tpaw     piou     Ka    pcwWXOL.335
'TOV 8S'  L&8(\O VctKE(T(TEv a'vca  aW~pWv 'Aya1,tda-vw0v,
Kcat coebacz Owl'c~aS' cwcea vrcpoezvrc 7tpoo-rlvoaUf t'E fFIeTr'oo, &o~p~cE'o, /3ao-tX-o'
Icat UV, KaciotO-t 80OXOL0Lt KEc/cacJ.k6VE, KEpOaXe~ppov,
TL7TE KaaWT0~7OTES'acfEU~aE, /~t/v6TE 3 aXXOVS'; 340
o~~c~v /LE  cE7e'oLKe /JeTa 7TpWTO7OtGV EoGZITaS'
EO'Ta/LEV Th36 /La~nS' KcaVOTEctp?7  av-tL/3ox7c~at.?7Xp(OT(O ylap Ka&  & o9a aLOCLEYVE1LtEo,
Ov7rT7 e &atLTa ryc'pOJJL  EcfOoWXLtOJ/&v 'Axatol.
f~v~a fdX    '7OWTaX~a Kpea EcFtevat?77'e KLJWEcX-Xc    345
OLvVOV 7tVe/Jkevat, /JkCv17qEO'1, o0p' EOEX?7T0VViV &E /'X601 X' 'P&OpTE Kcal El 8eca 7rvlpyotAatv
1J/JkeL0.W 7TpovapotOe /JaaoiaTQ!7,17X' XaXKO-2
who resents Agamnennion's rebuke.
To\v 3 ' aip' Lvon'cpa. i&(\)V 7wpoCO'y 7woXV/Lqtyrc  03vo-o-El
'ATpdEt8,, 7rotoLv 0e` EW~OS' -/l7v EPO' tco cS0ovlrwv. 30
70)9 &8\ Oby  7TOX/JOt M LEL/LV Or7T77oT   'AXatot,
Tpco-'tv bf' t or,70a/iotc~tv E7ELPO/EV OVP) a'p?)a;
o-ra,    V   E    OEX7cOa, Kcal ait KEZ) TOt T  L~~X7
T?)Xepaa'oto otf'Xov 7TaTc'pa vpoLLCXotcY /LWyEVTa
Tpawv 17rvo6a'/Lw~V- 0V SE\ 7TavT  at'e/JoXta /3afetS.  355




IAIAAOY, A.                           9


91


Tb5v 3' Ewijiet834o-ac? vrpoo-EI4q Kpeiawv 'Ayap~Liaxiw,
4 i~yvEV\S~ AaepTtad8i, 7roXv/ 7Xav' '08vacvo0E,
UT6 0Ce VEUicetl) 7TECiOti00l) OVTE KCXCVW0
oi8a cyap w  Tot OVP\iOV\C~ 0-T )OE0 —t ~LOi0-iV       360
7rwia 8 'vea, o Me  Ta A yAp  fpovE'Ctl a' 7' el7W 7T6p.
dXX ' t'Ot, Tai'Ta 3 ' 0`7-c0Oev adpecof-04E0' TL T  KaKcov uvv
etp?JFai, Ta\ 8e 7ra'VTa QOet /tE6Ta.Lwtcwa OcLteP.
I-e refiroves Diomedes for want of zeal, and bids him imitate /1w
examjile of his father Tydeus,
El? rV60 TOV?N /LZCV Xi77-ev avTov,    [IET' a"AAOvW
evpe 8\ Tv3Io, vF'ov, l"7rc'pOvltov Jto/-u)3ca,36
Eo-TaOT efV 0' L7t77-M-t Kat ap~iaO-t KOXXcq7To20tc?Tap &6 0ot &'-Tr'Ket 2'Oec'vXo,, Kavrav 'ios~ v'o"~.
Kab TOP [LEV VELKE0-0-EV 18~ K~ lpEtlOV 'Aya[4.vwOv,
Kat Pti iwv '0aS~ e`7Tea 7TTCpOEVTa rpoo-qv~a
"A2 pot, Tv8E'os- vULe 8atcfOpovos, t7T708a/Ioio,    370
Tt 7WTW0-0-ev?, Tb 3' O7LTVE    7ToMLoL yE pupas';
ou,-ttv Tv3'it y' o3E8 OAIOV 7rTa)0-Ka 'E~E  7V
axxa\ 'n-OXi' 7TpO\ OxWV E'Ta'p(V &)LtOt 0-i 1ta'Xco-Oai,
LOa' (cav ot' /yitv 't3VTO 7TOlJEV/SEVOV- ou yap Eya) 7E? V TJ70-  Ov~ E 31 7t Et 3   xov     fa   7EE    -O    3 75
whose exfioits he recounts at length.
Tot lktev ryap dTep 7roXe/ ov Ei0-7,7xOE MvKIvas
~etvoS' al.t av7tiOcIq HoXvvei/Kei, Xao'v a'ydtpwv.
ol &  TO   E-TaTOcOVrO   oyc   rO9TI~       &j37
Ka&  a,wpa    xI —o     8 30LEI KXEiTroV9 EwiKWOVPOu'.
ol 3' C"Oexov 84icvat Kat e7TpEO    COs' EKEXeUOI"    38




92


92              I~~~AIAA0O; A.


adx-xa~ Zell f-Ypce# -rrapai'ota o-5tac    baiv
O[ 3' EW7-ELt 0VV  890T0        7TpOwo ~    y/vv
'Ao-(7O'V/ 8' IKOVTO l8a~vcryotvov XEXEWOLt?)V,
EVO   aLT7 a'yyCXtL?)v e/w   Tv&l'l uoc~aP 'A~atol.
avTap   o /31, woX/ct'a  86 KtX?)o-aTo Kaeiat'vas,        38
8atLv/kJPEVOV9 Kalra &/lta /3)9ETrcoIXqct'L,.
CPO' oiX36, ~et~v6' 7TEP ECv tiwwiqXac-ra Tv3ev"
Trap/set, ttov~vos EW'v 7TOXE(otvJ FLteTCL Ka8,LEL'OL0Lv,
azX    0 7y  acOXcVELL) WrpolaXL'~TO, 7raiv-ra  E'cvtLKa
i*co09  70t/77 01' e~wip'AoOo' 'ev 'AO25q                9
ol KcEoL                       KCVTOpcS t77r7-&w,
a    avaEpXoLLEv~p '7TVKtVO1) oXoXQ  cluav  wyovTES,,
KoVpovq 7-EVT?7KovTa- 8v&%   c'?)Y 7Topes'7)a
Ma/ow0  A t/LoVP t817 9, CE7tcL(KEXo9~ atOaa'aToto-Lv,
vws T  v' A/'o/% o.?o, /J -7-OX[09 HXV   PJ0V1.         395
Tv~v'; iE' Ia t ToEOLv aELtK~a 7TOT/iL0v E'O')KE'rrcYTa9 EWEr5v, Cea 8' olov Zct obKO'aE )e'EO-Oat
Mailov' alp a 7Tp oE ]KE OEOW' TEpa~c-o-t WLOI/coa9.
70L09 e",v TW3E1',; At'mr'to9;  a'XXa" Troy vLo'v
rye   aT0 ELO XEa    FLXaopt              t[LtV          400
f29l LJaLT0, TOV2)   OV" TL WIp00tYEcO) %JtO/J)gS)79
a'8c-Oe&9 /Sao-tX'o9; CEv\7T7Z a/'3o'oo
702) 8'V(09 Ka~ravq'ol; t4Lc~a7o KVaaXI/J.L0t
Stlhenelos refiels Agamemnon's imjfutations.
'ATpEL& 27, 1,LI  E'4EV&  e~rtUTa/uEVoq9 (a-a"a EletWvEL?7/kftS' Tot 7r-aT/p(0w fLEy  a/SLE/POPES' ElXoSEO, dvat,  405
1/SLS Kat\ (17/99 0v (0S 9o;EtXo/JcvElJv7-ra7rl'Xoto
71-avpoTEpol) Xao'v a'yay'vO' l'Wo\ TELxyS' tpetov,
77-tELOO/SEVO TEpaEo-o-t 060et Kat Z77VS' aspo)y?,




IAIAA0O; A.


93


ICEW Ot 8E' GOC(fe7p?7(  'Tao-Ota?77o-tW 6'XOVrO.
7&)/SJ /4kOt 7TaTepas~ woOO  O4lo/p ev06  Tt/t.         1
DetDiomdesjus ~fies Agamemnon's repiroof, in view of its motive,
though it fail ujon. himnself.
Thy (3' ~p' vw6(3pa t&ov 7ipoo-Cj' KpaTEp0o1 JtOp1(fl7(Th
TET77a, 0-tco7Ty rj-,E/tt (   7rt7rCtOE0 /)LVO(O.
o~~' ~p  ~  c~ue-w 'Aya1.tCPVOve,    'Ptj~  Xa~v
OTPlVPOVT paxEo-Oat CVKv IIJL&LS 'Axatoz'~
TOVTw PLLV 'yap Kvc3S   /.    #~t et KE      A     tw    41
Tpc^ a9~8 60o-ow-i-vcawt TE"    to pij',
T0VTC)0 8'av.L eya 7TEvU0oS 'Axat0wv (3yOOV76oW.
a'xx' a1ye 83Kait Poi pie~co'pe~a Ool~pt3o9~ a'Xn71(.
'H 'a, KaI e oXeaw ovv TEvXcJtv atX7-o XaI~ua^'E*
8CewV\ (3 E/,3pae XaXK0\1? E7-tL (TTIO( (70CG-) a~vcKTo9~  420
0pVV1.LCV'oiVr Ow KEP TaXaa-lo/povL Wrep 86e'o? elxev.
The advance of the two armies is now described.
dlf~s (3' 07' el atiytaXo' 7o7v0XqC'i KV/CLa OaXao-r-ip
opywi- E77-ao-o-vTEpoZ  ZCO'poV V77-0 Ktvi)0-aVT0'
7TOvPTi LPTEV W677pO.)Ta KOpVCOYETaU, aV~ap EWE7-CL~
Xepo-   p77v.eo     I.tEya'Xa /3pept, a/s t3 e    cuacpas' 425
KVPTOL) COP KOPVcfOurat, aw7t7-rv~t (3 afxo\, aXP?7v( TS T 707 ea(aVrepat /JavaawV IKUVV70PXT     ye
vcXC~eW~ 7woXC/soV&.   IKEXCUE 8e\ OTGtV   aoo?7ye/zov I ol" (a' XXot a'c?\v t~av (OV(3U KE faiiy'
7O0-cov Xa Ov 6'7TeoOatl 6`xoPT'C c-l) '7)OctvL av'8?j'P)43
O  8y (e(w —e  oiy.Lal)opas~- a4#  (3C7to-t
TEv)~ea 77'tOLKX  eXauL77Te, 7a EI/J1Elot CG7tX0&0)70O.
Tp(6OC9 (3', ('1 T7 05'ie~ 7woXVwraovo(; av(po\, Ev ai5X''




94


IAIAAOZ A.


/ivp tat Eo —r7KaOc1t) a/tEXyo~uevat yaXa, XevKcoZ,
a4?1X~~q  FtebtaKw~at,  aKovovOrat  o7ra  apii~w,43
co qTpwww a'XaXyro'r ava' ur~pa7-w civpvv opto pct
01v yap 7wav~ftw ye6V o110s~ Op~OO  ov's 't'a y7puv,,
a XX&OXy'IC o-'  E/elE/ KTO,?7-oVXlX Y7OC  V' `'o-av
The Trolans are led by A res; the Greeks by Athena.
1f2p0-,e 86 ToVNI Itv "A pq, TOVI-? 86 ryXavKWc07rtS 'AO'vi
ZIdtpao5~'7 rg3E6 41io/3o? Kait `Epv~ a`~LTOrV /iqsavta,  440
"A  IES  1fpc~V   L    a-y~   T  e  fpi'7E
'7~ T 0 ty'q FLEP wrpara KCOpVcO-ETat, aivTap EWELTa
Ovpapwf CCTript~E Ka"pfl Kait E'7Tt XGoiv\ Iaivct.
el  o-Otv  Ka~  TOfTE  VELtKOS? 'pobtoiol  E[L/3aXe  pe'o-oo
EPXpCYYq KaO' 0'pUt)ov, Oc'XXovo-a 0uTOVOV aZNSpwv.    445
The combat begins and results unfavorably for the Trojans.
01' 83 O'TE (31 p" ES', Xojpov cia ev)Lvtvre' LKOVTO,
crvv /' Ej3aXov /ntvoi's~, o0 v8 c`yXea Kat /E've a~v(pow)
XaXKEO6O(Ip77KWtV  aTap aO-7rtSES' O/JoaXof coc~at
E7rX?7vTr   'XX   'X yot -7TXV5 \ (3'  cpvptay(3o~  O'pwopEt.
CsvOa,  (' a' 4  O t/kl dy)  TE  Kat I EvXOJXr, 7Te'XEV  aV~pco'V  450
OAXXV"VTW(V TE Icat 6X vvwv, bee (3' a't/.artyaa
8O ' (  0T6  Xet/IaptP'Ot  7TOTa/Lot  KaT   0pE(T(t  PIEOVTES'
ES' /ito-y-cyetav  0-VL,LL/3XXETOY  6f/3pttitV  ' S&(3 p
K /2OVV &JV   EK   tely cla w, K t 1 S   V O O   a a 3
T O)V   3e"  TE   TqIX O(7E   (3 V7TOV  E'   pETV  E P G-   K XV   T tJ   5
Wi9 TWV2 /kt~lyO/.LEVaWV 7EVETO taX? TE 7T0V0' 'TE.
The slaughter is begun by A ntilochos, the son of Nestor,
F-poro (3' 'AP TriXoXo,~ Tp(O'(co E'Xcl alv(pa COPVCT~fV
CO-OX0\v E,~ 7,popa~oto-t, eaXvo-ta6(3q  'Ex5I7-&oXov




I AI A AO 4" A.               9


95


761) p5 E/3aXe rrwpcroq ie'pv~os? Oa'cXov itwwo(3ao-et'llc
EV 83E uerC0'7W~ 7WI~, veHpq7ae (3  a~p ~O'c-rov d'ow(      460
2JptLWe 8 (3        i '-  r vpyos? E'v& Kp~p  vo1.p
701v 83' W7eTo'VTa 7ro~tfl'v eXa/3e KpeiawO 'EXecfrj'vwp
XaXKa(3oVTta(3'ql, p,u1aOvz1.ow  apyo, 'A/3JVT&rn'
'EXKe (3 v7r' E'K /3EXcov, XeXtqAIE'voS' Okpa Ta'XtGYTa 465
TevXea Yvx?77r7EtLE.tlvvvOcL (3 ot" 7EvEO' o~pl~q.
VEKpOV ryap p5 Ep~oa i wv pteyavL0'Apvp
W7XEvpa', i-a' 0o Kv1J*av7-r  7ap' ao-wl(3o9 e~E(/aa'v~h,
OUTr?70Oe ~VG-T(O) XaXK 'pei, XD'o-E 83' ryv~a.
co, 7-rv iw ev X17re Oviko's?, e~r' ai'7ri (3' E'pIyov -QMT47
apya~ov  po~a  u~'A~atcv- ol (3\ Xii/cot w
aJXX4)Xots? E'wropov-a-ct, av~)p (3 av(3p' e(3vova'X1t'ev.
and continued by Alax, son of Telamon,
"E1O' 'C/3aX' 'AvOqilo~vos' VI'Ol? Texa/UA'WLoS? At'asg,
7?)tOcov OaXcpo'v, XLILoet'cYLov, 01) TTOTE 17,7
18qvKa-tLov-oY  7ap'  X0?Y7't Ayt/J.L17O              475
ytvaT, eWret pa TroKevo-tv all co-WE6o -Xa tL(3e'-Oat.
TOV1)EKa Alkl? calXeov '~~t/oct'Gtovl OV'(3' 7OKeDO-c
Ope'7r7-pa 4t'Xots' airec(otce, tktvvv~ca(3to9~ 83e ol atcov
e7rXe9) bw~' At~avros~ pieaOt'/.ov (3ovp~t (3aluevc.
7'rpWT71  fyap juw  toVra o3dXE G-T100o~ 'frapa' [LaO)      48
&E~tO1)  a'V)tl~pNV (3' (3,' e'pLov %a~xKEO1  E56/%oc'
'YJXOl?  6(3' l? /ol~)t Xa,/Lat 71reocTE  atyetpo,? coST
el pa 7   El ELLL1" "Xeos- /.zeya'Xoto 7reK7J
XEt/l, (Tra/p re ot I0~tO e7r  (Kpo7CLT   7re(/v'acTU
T7)1  PEV 0' apl-tai-owyy? av?'7p at OwVt ot8(4pp            8
eN-ajtt', &fOpa t7'TVl Ka'uy 7rcptKaXXELi (3i0peq




96


IAIAAO~I A.


y  J2V7   c4'O[L r   a El1  K raL  7rorafloto   wrap'  6'o a
TOWJJ ip' 'AvOqlu13iw — YLodto-tov C~cvaipt~E)
A ctsa,  8oyep nS~.  70o1)  3' `Avwfboo,  aloXoOcopq~
TIptac.t'8,qy   KLO'  0'/LLXo7  a'Ko'vrtcc   'V0EL  30lpt,.  490
rov Itv a4tapO', 6' 8 AECDKov, 'O8vco-Cos' Cco0Oxv c'Tat'pov,
f3EI3X 'Ket /3ov/3 va vEJcKvv ErEpwo- EpvoVTa
p  7p FE   3' J l' L/ b   av'T oVcO'3C O   K T 0~   c,
and by Odysseus,
ToD 3' O3OvSc', /.La'Xa Ov/kol) a~roKTa/luvoto Xox~tOqh
8q Se' Sta' wpoIUa'Xc  KElcopvOILtCVO, a'tOowrt XaXKwo,  495
3G Tq  ca X' ciy'y,?  lcjv,  KcaLt  a'C'V  UO 8 VpL  yAactw
3     n-  -rv8\ir~    3    Tp7Coe,  KCEKa'80VTO
aV8p9 b       / KVtcwT('08     ov'x a'xtov /3'Xo,?7KP
a'XX' vi'Ov  H~ptalotw V6OoP IaXe /Jq//JoK06wVTa,
b'~  o l  'A73v 3'Oev   9)X OE  wap'  trw w7 o w   &Jcctac6on.  o
TOY  p   O3V0ECV9  E'Tap' t   X xa  a- ILCV0   fa4XG  8ovpt
TK Vpcf~ r ~ 3 ~   poto   Xa Ko at OL  w py  e
atqfkU7  XaXKEL '  TOV  3C        "     KaOUO1J
80oi7wl7 oeV   SC'  7reoaJ'w,  a'   p /3, o  36  T V ~  c ~r'  aVTa).
o~pqo-av 3' vi77o -re 7Tpo/4a~ot Katt o~ti~t/aoc ~'E'cowp  50
'Apyctot 83'.LE'ya ita V Ep~o-aVTrO SC PEKPOVS'~,
'Wvcoav 3\ vo-Xz\ vpoT~pw. VcUCGp,&oE 3' 'Aw6X-Xow
F~paltov  EK~ca7tTL3JV,  Tpoje -o-t  33\  KE'KXCET  a~oa,~.
until tile Trojans are rallied by Afiollo.
"Opvvo-O'  t+77w63'a/zot  Tpo'Esq, /wq8'  EL"KceTE 'lip
'Aprydots~,  77EW\t Ov   Go   Xto'00   XPc\W   Ov'38c  a1t  ypOS'  510
XaXKo'v   a vaoX EO at  Tact/IcctIX ~ t fX oF EvO w-wt.




IAIAAOI A.


97


ov liv o"8 ' 'Ayx~ei,, @E'T-t8oS 77ats~?)VK/O/IWtO,
apva-rat, a'XX' '77-   vo    XoXov Ov~uaXy'a v
'dls  c aiT (I'W7-O' 77To'XtoS~ &LVpo' OEOS,~  avl-rap 'AXatonv'l
cbpoe zAt6o  OVyaIT~I)p KV8tLUTTI TpLTO7EVEta,              515
ep7xO~,eW?7 KcaO' O~LLXov, O"Ot /IzcEOLV-aS' tao0tTo.
"11EvO ' 'ApuapVIyKci&qV itO'pca /io~p' C6WE8yOae.
Xep/tacILw  yap /3X')ro 7apct o-ovpo'v O'KptCIOEt,
KcV uJLJV 8C~LTCP1'V. /3aXe &E &9ppi,     t~    vp
FIEL'Poo9~ 'I L3pao<L8yq~, oka~  At'7v0Oev ELX-oC~          520
cafUxfOTEp&) 8C, TEPvovT KCat o(Yrca Xa~as' avat S~
aypt'; a~wriXobo-CV-'    8' V57TIO~ E7 KOJPOL70t
KCaW~eo'ev ajsbOW XetpC cOto' OtCTa/I5OtJL 7WETaOT
Ov~I~o' a'wowvctiov. 0' 8' E'wbpap.Lev O',~P  ~E'/aXEV 77~
FIeICpoos~ OiVra 8c\ 8ovpt rap' ouwaX'v- EK 8'6"paw-auat- 525
XVVTO Xa/.Iau Xoa&~        TO\V8E (YOTOS' oo(7e Ka'XV#E.
The book closes wi/k the slaughter 01 Peiroos, chief of the
Thrakianzs.
T \0v 8~ C\o'a06  AIT7)o\X aW7EO-v'LVsvOv /3a'XC 8ovp't
YTCpvOl) VWrep faa'otw, 7wa'yi 8' Ev 7T7)velJtovt XaXKos'.
Jy~4t)oXov 8E ol' qiXOe (90cas', Elc 8' b'j3pitsov E"yXos?
E0-71-aoaTo CYT~pvOtO, EpVO-GTaTO &\ ti~' 0,~           530
To) oye yao-m'~pa TV#E /1c0?7qV, EK 8' at"VVTO OV~ILi'v.
TCELxc  8' ovUK aLWE(3V0E  7TrepLta-7OYuv yap ETatpot.
e9p iKuCes fctpoKO/5Ot t3XX Eyyea %E/pc-tV CXOPTEC,,
Ot  /kcyav 'Trep eOlITa 1 c  toOtl[ov KcaLL'7v~
(0Tcav (I7T0 UCOCELV. 0' 8cC Xa-'l4        7TCE/M,04%Ufl.   535
Af I  1 TW7 E    otE                             -,
o~~~ TO) y  ~~~~~~~~v K~~~~vL90~,gt wrap' aXX Xota-t TTU(1
r)Tot 0 /J.ev (9p9/ic ) v, o 8' 'E77-Et'w  XaXKcOXtT6WJO)v,
2)yC/LQVES?  wroXXO~ 8' 77Ep't KTE(VPOPTO Kcat aXXot.




98                     IAIAAOT, A.
"EvOa Kev ov1'K&L g~pyov av?)p ovocrcr fJETxot
O' ~ 7LcT ci/3Xnyros Kat avol-raTos' o&  %aXK         540
&VEV'ot Karat pA'-o-ov cat'yot &'C HaXXa' 'AO77v~q
XEPO XoVo-a, a'rap /3EXawv '7WcpKO 'lP&Y?7V
7roXXob rya~p Tpcawv Icat 'Ayatc-w?"/L.tat KeLZJ(/
')TpflVEE9~ eV KCOVtyot -tap aXXqjXotot TE-ravTro.




THE ILIAD.
BOOK V.
A thena endues Diomnede with might, and sends him into the fray.
"EvO' a'3 Tv8e(Sij J toiL EL IHaXXa4 'AO'v
&51KE /jzcEoS' ca't Oaipaoos, `v' C`/yXo,~,tve-ra" 7-a'ctv
'Aprycit'ott yVo(T-o I&S KXE'OS EG-OXovP apotro.
01 E'ot EK KO'pUOOS'( TE icat at(77Tt(SO, aLKalt/IaTov '7TVp,
aG-Tep  07rcoptlvto evaXt~y/tov, 0S~ TE /.uaXto-a
Xa/,trrp'w w a4'vpo-   XE~~e'Vos    2~
TOWZ' Ot 7rvp  3a~tcv a7T-O KcpaToI TE nat (,OfL(OLv,
COU   [LLV Ka~a" P~E'G-0i,, O-Ot 7TXeW-GTOL nCXovEozrTo
Phegez s falls, and Idaios flees before himn.
(3V Ttl~ Ez Tpa')o-o-t 4d'pq( 'vt, d    '/d df'sV
ye  '13a-t6~ TE, /IaX?7h~ ElY EtU3TC 77~-aulp.
T7W 01i aW01,ptV0elr-E evaVTLoO' op )T7-Vz
7I FLEV af   t7TITO\XOV\LLrMV, 0  a      W"PVVT?TEO
018 (3 S'TE \3 oy-Xov \ro-av E`771 aXX 'Xota-tv ~r-~
/Pyv'~Pa 77rpO'EPOs  TrpOtEt (3oXex~o,-KwV EyX0(?   '5
TuM&i(     (3 vewcp &'4t-ov capto-TEPwV 77XvO' a4 n)7
c~yXEos?, oiv' /3X  av'i'-6 6' (' V`JTE9OS' (OPVVTO XaXKpO
aLXX' 9/3aXe 0T?)009~ /leTabpalov, OJJpe (3' ah'03trrP
'I(a~o,;8 (3' CZWfpovO- Xt7r(A\w 7weptnaXX'a Uoipov,    20




100


100             ~~~IAIAA0f, E.


oiv'  v-~'ept,9ivat a&8X0betov' KTa/LEPL
ovc  yap OU      KEy avirrvos'        /cicfvy   Ep ~ wv
a'XX' "Hpatc-Tog "pv7-o,    00E'O- 86 PVK7r /KaXi*a~,,
Ote1/qN7ra/yXv- yepcov alcay~7/JtEvoS  cin.
W~7tOV;    E'   auaco-a  /-zcyaOv'/-Lov Tv8Eo~; vtLOS1    25
&,JKep Lratipotu-w KcaTayetP /icotXa,~ E't v?)a9.
A tiena next Jersmades A res to retire from the fray.
Tp   / 8'  eryaOvJ.ot E'7rdt U3OV V'LE /Jafp7To'~
TOP FLeP aXeVa[LevoV, TOV 86\ K7-a'ltcpov TtaP oXccoP
7aO-'  ' IP097 Ovl-o',~ a'-rp yXaunKrnts' 'AOjv
Xetpol EXovoE CwEO-0o 7rpoo-i)&t Ooov        'Aia30
'Apos', `Apcs~ /3po-roXoLyE', utaLtocJVE, TELXEOLWOlra,
OVnc av 8" Tpo')iwt  f.E'v eaCZ-at/~ev nat\ 'AxaL01J
p~appaoO', 0W7T    pootraT2/p Zei"~ Ki38O~ 'p'p;
8' Xa~wua        JL`O~ 3  LLXeOJFLeOa tLU7LP
The Trojans retire, and many are slain: Odios,
ELTI-7ov~ua La ip e'~7fyaye Oov'pov "Apqac.           35
TOP I-LEV E7TEtTa KaOeLG-eP E7Tr 27LoevTt 2~Ka/Lah8pp,
Tpaicts' C Icxtvav /Javaov- E'Xe 8 alv~pa Cxa7tor
2777/-Zmov).  77-pOJTo9 8e ctva~ aL~po-Jv 'Ayafte/wwPv
5pO    'AXt4'covo, 'O8'ov ~L',yav, "'i3aXe &8po
'7rPcfT(p yap CYTpEcfOEV7L /LETapcjvpE) eV  0V I6pv 7 EP  4
O)L)V [Lecrc?)VS v  ta, c3E 0a-r/O041t e"Xao-Yev.
[PoV~wyo-V &~ 7760cToP, apta/')c7e &6 Tev'xe E'7T  a VTr(O'.]
Phaistos and Scamzandrios,
'1O0LEPEV'I 31 ape 'IaULTTOV EP1)paTro, M-ovo,~ tv"
Ba~pou, 01 iCK Tcipvim 6'pt)&Awai'o'~ eIX)Xov'OEL.




IAIAAOY, E.I0


i0i


~r~  j~  dp  I~O/LVe  f3bp KXUTO9? EYXEt,LaKP9    4
E~te~   QXE&)w, 0-TV7CpOS ~'pa,tktv GO-TOc' ~XE
Toy l~c~v a~ip)' HOFLepflo, EYGV/Xevov OcPa',roVT~l
VMOP 86' 2~'TpO'Loto Xca/LLaVpLpov, art/aova Or'p
'ATp618`q7s McvcXaos~ CV 6`YXci 0'~voEcvT,               50
CO-OXOV OypiT'pca- 818a~e yap '~AprcTtpa  a m'-?)
j8aX-xew  a,,ypta 77apTa, Ta TE TpEce O    JV iXy7.
aXX 0?)Ob Ot, TOTE rye Xpatup~' `A pTeIUI~ts oxcatpa,
tav'8\ E'K77/30Xcat, y"TtV TO\ 7TpltV 7  CKEKa-ToaiX~a tktv 'Arpci8,q9 3oVp&b KXELTo'" MEz4'Xaoq.55
77TPOO-OElJ EEV OCkVy-OVTa jzCTaOcfpvov ov"TaO-e Sovp(.
[co)AcOv /Le00a)yti, 83ta\ & O-T 7OEGOtIV 6Xao-o-ev.]
27fJLWE, 86\p)?)~   apa/3?cc 3E\ TELJ)(' E7r' aVT~Oj.
Piherekios,
Mnpt~vn, 86' ~PVpKxOV ev?/paTo, TE'KovO(? VIOv
'APILov~cc, O  XEPO-t E7tGTaTcTo 8a(6aXa irciavra    6o
TELJXctl 6         p `~oya yap  ott E-XaTO FI.aXXA4 'AO7)'r)
os? Kab 'AXe~i~p 41P TEKT 'Pa-To P)1]a, cLtdaS~
apXEKaKovs?, ati 77-ac- KaKoV) TC'OCO-t yEPOPTO
O t T aVTCO, ~E~tE 01) TL OECOZ EK OEU4)OaTa `icS?.
TW ~kv   Myptovq,, OTre 6i KaTe/lap7TTe &tWOlaWO,       65
/3E/3X?)KEt 7XOUTO\V Kara\ 8ecto'v*   ' 8E\ 6ua 7Tpo
aV-TLKp) KaTaL KvO-TtV V7T  OCTTEOV rJXVO  LLKK.
7VV  8' Ept7r' oflko-')as, Oa'PaTos~ 6EIL?  /JEaX4
Pedaios
FL'6atov 6' adp' 6`7+e~ve ME'yqjs', 'Av-rfr'opos' vtov,
0? pa, vot's  Le? wqvzc      6'  Tpe 6a (9aCO            70




102


102            ~~IAIAAOM E.


htaa Oixouct TEKECO-7L, Xatot'' 760-Oc    (S.
TO  p VXCI~vqi(3j c8oVPt FXVTO'~ E'7yyVOEV E'XOcf'w
/3e/3x?7,Kct KE4caX-)9 KaTa'L IN'ov 6'E (0VP'
avTtcp)(3a)      (ova    v770 ryXoo-aaV Ta/ic XaXK
3.7ptwrC (' c'V KOVL17q, *XVPO'V (3 CXC XaXKOv '(So-h.   7
Hyfisenor.
Eivpi~wvXosq (' Ei'atltovi(3q~ 'T* 'vopa (3Eov,
vcov vwerp~v'tov /Jo-Xowc'ovoy, b'sg 'a -IKla[La1)3pOv
ap?7T p ETETVKTO, OEO9I 8' C'Sq TIETO
'r0  i~   p  Ei'pi~wvXos?, Eivcaip~ovoq 'ryXauc   p  0[6s,
77-POcTOEP COEV OCrvYov'ra PCTLEtwpO1.La&?7qV e'Xaa- dT/LOV  8o
'6a0,7a11( dJt!Ia9, a77-0(3 EC(Tc Xcipa /apdav.
ataToOc~crt 8& XEtP 7TEC(OL 7TEE7E  TOV E3 KaT  OO-Cr6
EXXaIe 7ToOp copeO a'vaTOS' Kat FLoLpa KpcLTatU7.
Diomede signalizes himself beyond all others in the slaughter of
the Trojans.
'd   Ot' P(EV 7TOVEOL'TO KarTa KpctTEp77V VWr.kV7l!*
Tv83Et18iqV (3OV ovlcA CyvOtf 7TOTEpQOLc /PCTEMY7
/LETa Tpa)C'eootv 4LLX'ot ) P.ET' 'AXato't~
OVE7a'      7-&VWO~L~       'n-Xi      7,ov'pat
XUI-P pp&, OS' T  &JKC pEW~v EKE(3c cEy~)ps
7 07 (3 o VT  alp TE rye'opcat Eep/Le'VCa  IoXavowccv,
oVT  apct epnceat HXEL a~axnaO c pLOflxEOiw,            9
E'XOOV7T-  'aw-'v, O'i-' E7N/38pi  Jd    0'/os
7roXXaN (3 V'%-' av'i v -oD?pya KaTnp7rLe KaX  acinc63v.
(A tqw T77i0  3  77rvltvat1 e TM8  KXOVEQVTO 46Xayye,~
Tp ctcow, oiY(3 apa atpc ld~pov woX~ECI 77-Ep EItES'.(;




IAIAA0OZ  E.10


IO"
i


He is wounded by Pandaros,
Tolv (' (0  oh'v &Ovna-e AvKiQd'voQ dayXa',vl9 VI        95
OVl'QLv'T a/~L?TE(3OV, rpo" Oev KcXoveovTa 0daXayryas,?
a     67'  tV(      y3 eTtTaLvETo Ka/i.rvvc  Oa
Inat /3a'X  e7TatiOcTovTa TvVLWE~  KaTa' (3e~t?'  &4Lov,
(Owpy71oq ryiaXov, (3ta' (3  ew7TaTo 77tLKPOS' &Cowros
dP7tLCpV a3 SE-E        rX a"7CET   ' a'/LaTt Oojpfl.     iC3
T(9 (3' 47i ttaKpow d`ave AVKaiovo9 a'y-Xao9qvk
O0pvvc~Oe Tp'ocq /i6,YdOVLLOt, Ke'VTOPCS? tL7TWO
/3e'/3X'qpat rya'p adpt4Toq 'A~atw'v, ov'8 C'g 7~
a ~O' a'vo-x?7Tco-OaL KpaTepo'v fl6Xo,?, et' E'Te0' Le
&JpO~ev atva4  toi J vOo' V   a'7ropivvJ/tE7)vo  AVKt'r7OEzl.  105
"fls e(/)aT' eU /1-ev~q 2 TOP (3 oij /3e~xos 40KV, Mya/Co-0-er
aXX' avaXcopq'o-asq 7i-p~o-O' t'r7WOtEV Icat oXeo7-ktl
CCT17, Kat VO&vEXov W0oGE9?7 Kawrav 'iov vLO'v
"fOpo-o 7rewov Ka7ravqrfa6(3f, Ka~a/3'o-eTo &3ipov,
b'4pa  zot e~ (tpILoto epVi1'o-o-  7T(pO   o-rv
fd2q a)pl spyO, X~OJVCXOI~ 3" KaO' t'wwow,) Jx~o Xa,~a'~y,
7Tap 3e, -a-'qa I8'Xosq W'Kil &ta/iepe\;' e~epvo' Coiov.
a74t  a3 az  0on' &a o-TpeWTQoo Xtcvq
(37 TOW  `7t' 7pTo      ov&yaOo', 4toy '8(3?JS
but, onjgrayer to Athena, is miraculouslfy restored, and enters ti-e
combat with new fury.
KXi'OI /Lev alLO'XOtO JtoS,~ TeKOS~, aTpVT(OlflJ,
et WrOTe not nat 7ra~pt (bt'a OpovE'ovo-a 7rapEa-T~7)9
twp%  6vwX~~       I~ av     E    j 0Xat 'AO"v
(3S 0(3 86 Te 1.' a~v(3pa EXEV Kat eS~ O'p/kn vi "YXEq9 EXO'etP,
Osg /  epa~c pt~'alkevoSq nat eE7TvXeTat, ov(3e,td 0bqot
(3)pO~v 'T' 0.frEJOat 'Xal-Lwpo~ Oa'osq r/JeXoLo.




104


104            ~~IAIAAOE E.


~fcfaT' EV'XOII.EVOq O9  'CKv   H   axxa~ 'AO 'iz
CyVaa '   Oye     Xcb5     1waKa 0           VT Oe1)
a'/X~v 8' t''a.z'? e"7rea 7rTCpoevTa 7rpoopv'a
&9apoc(A'w vjip Juo'lwqe~ C'7b Tpo-'co-t. itkaXeoOat
Ep rya~p Tzot aT?'7Oecc-n pEvoi? waTpco~iov 9/c~'a      125
aTpO/kol, Otl-' eXE(-Ke c~aicco-7TaXoq 1wwd7-`a. Tv~cE&
2ayXi'v 8 aii Tot at7T f'oOaX/[Lcov gxov, 7') 7-ptz, 67iev,
O 'E') rytcYVcoo-ic'  'ZV 0E'V '8  Ka& `vpa.
Tco) Wvv, at KG OC&; 7etpwp&J.evo9 eVoaU  tKflTat,
tivi Ti, o-iv y' J~vTc-     e~            ~d    Oat,    130
TO~: aXo9*JtpG K              qd Ovya'rTqp 'A~po8i'f
E'XOyO  E  77-OXG/.LOV, T?7V 7y ObTa/ltGV O~Et Xa-XKO(I).
CHFEv ap co,? ebwovo- acr43n fyXaVK&Wt77V 'AO~vq
Tv&t'8rjs  8' 6'ai'-rts  Ico  7roaoot    cjitX0'r
icat wrpiv wrep Ovlz, I-Lcuiao') Tpc eo                I 35
877TO'TE 1.LtV Tpt9? T0000-V gXcv.LcEvo9, CoST TE XE'OV-Ta,
ou pa TG 7T-ot/ 7 aypo eWr ELPOWOKOS'? 0OtCO0t
%palp FLp       iX   i~   cXjtepov OM~'8 8a~uaoy
70O 1CLeP TE 0OE'V09 J0(p(7v, EWETa (ET0)7-Ipoo-al/tvvGL,
a3Xk\KaTa\ o-TaO/iov'q 8&UTat, Ta\ 8' C'p7-7a cf0/3GtTatL  140
at I.7e T a7y~tO-Ttvab c77 aXXqXyat K 1)7/Tat,
av~~ap 6 cjitepiaw, )3~fla0, El~a~XXCTat az'X-q~
WsLG/.Lac'o TpaeGo-t ktbyq KpaTCpO9? ZltoIL,qty.
He slays Asfynoos and Hyheiron, Xantlzos and Thoon, Echemimon
and Chromzios.
"EvO' g'XGv 'AoG-T ~ovKt?'T~rdpova, vroqpeva     WaV,v
ToP JLev VWrep patato 83aX n'W XaXK9)PGL (SOVP414
TOPV 8' 6'TEpov ~t1ct,Lya' 6 KXlnt/a 'nap' wov
7rX9)~, a7-o\ 8' av'Xe'vov? J,1ov cepy9aOGv 1(S aJwo V6TOV.




IAIAA02; E.10


105


'rois~  ~  g~0' ~8' "A/3avr3a 1.ker hX670 Ka' FoX5/I8ov,
vieas' Ei'pv8aj4tavros', O6LcpO7TO0XOto ryEpolrro9,
70tq OVK CPXO/~LEVOV? 0 fyEpow EKptlva7     olJtpoVS?,      150
a"XXa' a-0casq Kpa-repo', Jtoyu 8i'-q E~Evapt~e.
ft 8 FLETAL EaPOOV 76 @96'av 76, -Pat'Po7wo v&E,
OU4c  T?7XVIyETO)  o8' -reL e6To ry pai Xvyp~o,
vtov 8' oij T-EKeTr acXXOiV E774 KT6a'T60-(t Xt7rE'ata.
eVO   ' 'ye Tovq evapt'E, Ob(Xov 8'    ~at`VVTO OVjohv      I55
at/J4OTEp&), 7rari~pt 8,E yo'op Kcai /'8,Ea 'Xvypat
Xdw', 67ME Vi ~jOovre /.LaX97, EK VOo-T7)o-avTe
8E'4aTo- Xqp(I)o-7raIt 8c' 8ta" KTr)0-tV 8crE'ovTO.
"EPO' vlcas' H~pta/oto 8ivco XaI3e Jap8avi8ao,
dtv EV   8icfpo  EoirrTa(, 'EXE/qtovca 76 Xpo~Ltdov Ire.    i6o
J~8c X~ov tJv /3ovo-i Oop~i \ ai5XE'pa a`~y
7r'opTtOs'?76 /300s',, ~VXoyov Ka'rat f3ooKo/kva6oVWT,
7TO~  a   OTc0E'povq E    7rwcov Tv8e'oq vi\
Kf'-elaKC6'; aenoV~as?, eW~tTa 86' TEVUXe'EC-X
17woV(~ 8' ots ' Taipotcit 8180V YL~a\ vi-7a, EXav'vetv.    165
Aeneas comes to the rescue,first calling on Panda ros to expilain why
he does not meet Diomede.
Thyv 8' ~'2ev Alpeias9 a'Xa7a4'~OVTa 07TtLXaLS av8p('OV,
/31 8    ' t'/tev a"V 76 uai n at av  KXopov c7Xctaaov
Fla'v8apov alJTtLO6V 8,tN'6kVO9?, EC 7TOV EtjMEp~t.
evpe Avlcaovo,~ vtov aLi/vltoP   76 KpCaTE0PO  76,
0-TT~ 8\6 vnpo'ciO  aV'oT'oO EWr0S~ Te fLUV a'PTtIol qb8a   I70
Hlav8apE, 'tOV' TOt TO'~OV 18E" w7rTPEPTEvIes  '  '
Kat KXJOI~, &' o1 T11V Tot, epi'~Cat e'vOa'8e y' a'vi7p;
W TtSq 'v Avnip? o-Eo y' 6ue"   a   ia    f~VY,XX' adyIE T6'o8' e"61 a38pt f3e'Xoq JtC Xetpa,~ avaa-Xcow,




io6


I AI A AO!" E.


OS?  TV9  0O(3E  KpaT-EEL  Ka't  83?7  KaKa'  7TQ-Xa'  C'opyG  I75
Tpc'a9?,  E'7TE(  7woXXWjiV  TE  Kat  cJOXOJJ)  yolvlvaT-  EXvcIev
EL  w7  7(9,  Oco";  erTL  KOTEG-0-a.Le1W9?  TpCo-0am',
tpaw  /Lpi'vaw-a   XaXE77Tq'  83E\  0 0U  E"7rt
Pandaros describes how lhe has recently wounded Diomnede; but Cct7?Znot engage in hand-to-hand combat with him, for Zack of a
chariot.
To'w (3 aV7E 7TpOOTEeLWe AVKa'ovo(; a-yXao,? V&092
AIvei'a, TpaWro  /3ovX?71bpc Xa-XKoXt-rawwV~,             i8o
Tv(3EI(3    7' Eya)  ye  (3aifpoiit  7Trav7a  ELGTKWt,
da - wi&t   7L V OO & V  v C ui  T E  Tpv~aX eip
t7 W V9  7  ELTp   WVT3b       3   V        b   E9    rw
EL  (3  b  Y'  Jin'p,  b'v  fn t,  (3atqOpow   Tv( o59  vio9,,
GV y  0 Y   VE O   O OU r (3  /LtveTat,  aXXa,  TV9  ay t  ~
6E7TTK"  atOavarw6V  VEEJJXp  LX VFLEV09  C&JI.LQv,,
09  OTO       6X(;(0V KtX 'ILVOV          El)xx
i8(i ya'p ol e9$?7Ka /3eXo9, Kal'.Ltv /3a'Xoi Joov
(3ELoI'V a'V7tKpV\ (3Lc Ow'pfl~o9 y1va\040O
Kat  ptLi  E7LO  Y   c4~v  'A i(3w 'i  7rpoia  fEtl),     Igo
E/kr 1  (3'  Ov'Kc  e'(34-ao-aa-  OeO9l  iN)  719~ 60-T   KOT?7EL9?.
Mu7wot (3' 0v' 7apeaG-t Kait a~p[Laa, TWV K' 677/3atnva  ~a'  7r0V  el)  [l~yaipoLt7   AV~ca'OZJO  Wl(EWa  (30pot
KaXot 7pwP&o70a7-aet9 VEQTEVXCEE9 aL~    &  76rO
7 T ~ ~ a l 7 a   w a ~   & o - f ~ l   E ~ T 7 9   ( i ~ ' y e  7IT O  1 9 5
EOa'     E  XEVK\V  EE77rTO'1LLE1JQ   KA   \ oXvp a9.
27 pev )not /1LaXa 77t0XXa' 7ep&W atLX/Zip-a\ AVKad&Jv
EPXOLLEV)(O E7T-ETx-xe (36p-kotq eVt 77OUI7TOt~LOl)
U77 O Y l   /L   K E EV E   K a \   p ~ o l   / e 3 o r
apjcvEvtv) TpeCO-C  KaTa Kpa7epa9~ vo-ILLtva~             200




IAIAA02f  E.10


107


adXx E7()O 01) 7rtO'/.k?7v, i 7 Ta ro'XV' KEffAO0VJV
t7r~mv Ofet~o'JpcO9,j /L417 p~ot 8euola-r /opflq',
avu~pcov ElXoFLEcvCL, elco07-e3 E`3/JkCvat a"881)v.
&~Xiwov, av',rap 7re9      `R"tiov eLXq'XoOVa
7oLL0L  7tVV09~ 7a  3E /J  1/  pELEXOZJ OZC7OE)      0
8n ya y'p c8owdotv adptcrjeo-Otv Ebij0,
Tv8cE'~     Kl 'ATrpci1y   'IC 8'  ~OOT'p~
aTpCKC, a C' ECOTEv U   aEX(0v, q77eLLa 8c /ta'XXov.
71o pa  ta.y a'ap dw     7ra7oaoXOV adyicXa 7
70) aTtT( Exo/L'?) V, O TE I6 o  tL9 epaTt7ELfV       210?7IYEO/Ji17l TpoEo-o&  qx'po~v xa'p"- 'EKTOpL 81(
et '  ICE lJO(TT?7(CO) KCL& eco6'fouat 4pOaX/.o~to&
'n-aTpuS  e/l)q  a o  Vi~ TE Kat v#EE   CE  E     Coy a,
LV7LK  E7TEL7  aw E,LLELO Kapl7 Ta/L0  dXXo'7pw to,
Ct b~~7 y~o 786 T76a L/aELtV( E p 7rvp\ Oelfl         215
\Eat 8taKXa'cao-,   ea CAtat (yap /.to    r?7oEt.
Aeneas induces Pandaros to mount his chariot, and the two heroes
advance against Diomede.
T~~w 8' am-,r  Aiveial?, TpaOWV adyo, a'VTt'oV qvi8aI \OVTC)S! 576peve- wrapn~ (3 OVKC CLTOC7LaL atXXen,
'rrpiV y' 67r VC Tp(               7rcp ~ rvv tWW0LtV KaL& oxE~
aVTC3l`7V EOO'T6 V\V elVCGt rEO qiLa                 220
aXX' ay    Eik   oXecov ewrt/Th)-eo, 6~Ppa '2,at
olot Tpo0iot ~'wrot, E7rtcY~a/1-evot 7TE(3(oL0
Kpat~l)rp 1ax izc 'O'Ca Kctae~t C (3a0)t/cEflev q',e Sbe/'eeT6att
7TN Kca  v    wQXVC    (TCUEO(77V,  rep It       a CV UTE
Z~i~  ~  Tv3ei(3y ZtOll '6E& KV309 OpCy             225
axx   aye v~v /.kOTat7ya Kal  via. o-tyaxoCV~a.
&4~a, eyc& 1(3'  rA) tw aw dofl3ao'cu pa yLaX(oiat?7E 01) TOl)(3 (3e'8E0, /lCX7?'O-0vO-tV (3 /llot tL7TWOL.




1o8


IAIAAOM E.


Tt~v (' ai5're -7rpoa-emwe AvKca'opO aey)ao69 vtoq
AI'vela, a-i pev avj',o\, e`X  27e"il KxL TEW  LW7C0'      230
pa  X ~ v i) 7'  o     t~ e o tr  /IiapJ7rv  o app.a
OL(TETOV, et 7rep aL? avTe 0e,b3(0/JpeOCa Tv&eo9~ vi'Ov.
74 (0 /hev 86ic-a-LTe /.aLZ7?OETOY, OV, eEOEXq7OU
EC1,E0pe/JU6V wroXE'.otw Tdw  ~OIyIov 7QO0EO0VTE,
(3'  wat as~~ ey~ i~ ov   Tv ~os~  v `s          235
aVTco  TE  KTELV7  I~cat,   aXdo-a-p  I/LA~wvXaS?  t7T7T0ov,
ax   a    ry' aiVT ~ e~thq    Te   appaL7a  Kica   TEW   L7irww,
'rov(e  (3'  e, y COv  e7rto'V Ta  (3E(3~o/-at  O' '  (ovpt'.
Sthenelos warns Diomede not to encounter two such minghty
ch iefs.
t'f29 d'pa Ocovn7'Gazr-s', e9 app~a~a 7rotKL'Xa /3dvTe9,.
EbL/JeIu a   oT   67Tr  T v(  6X O?  W01  E   tLW W- VI.   240
TOV,? 83' 'Se XqOEVPeXoS, Kawravnio? Jry'Xao\s vios',
at#a   8e\  Tv(3c(Sqp  e`7rEL  7rTTPOEZJTC   'npoo-i7'? 8a3
Tvu(3d8rq  ZIto',a fl8e(,  Jpo'0  Ke~ap107LC'VE  Ovpk',,
Oi L E E P O V   E X V T L( \0[L?   T 0' (0l   C V   E L O 09,2 4 5
Hav~apoq, vte (3~ ' aL1)TE AvlKa0vo0~ ev'XeTCat elLva
Alvcia9~ (3 vt1O\ /.4EIyaXn)T0p09 'A~ryi-aco
eVXETCLL  E~cyeya/J&v,  /L?77Tflp  8   Ot  E0-7-  'A~po&'`rq.
a     aXw~y &3 x~4"/"O'0 EWj   tW't(     78/,   Pot 01)(
OLVvE 8ta' wrPo/paX0wv' b117 7W(0S ONOV 'TOP0, O'XEaG-OG. 25
But the hero refgiels the warning and gives his esquire directions
concerning the immortal steeds which he expects to cap~ture.
Tow (3 ap' bw6(3pa~ i(3&v 7poo-E4y, KpaTEPO\9 /Jt0/I?)&p2
FP'1 Tt 063Wac6p6Io('LOEV% CEWE\ Oi)&6' a-e 'n-Et0E1LEV




IAI AA02; E.10


log


ovi (yap pot ryevva ov acoc-OrtPax~         at,3, \\I,,
OKZJeL(L) (3  L7r(OtV eW/3atve/.lev, a'XXa\ Ka~t au70J9g  255
LtLoV ~tl' airo     Tpcwv A   QUKc ea FIa-X'Xa  'AO'7jv117
TQVTO)(3 Oh o' ra'Xtv aV'Tt9 a'7rot'(7ETV WiKCEEI MW7OC
al-kf ab?)/AELW,          T      0    V,7yt
ELv qry OvVP ETECPO  7YE      7 -a"X X 083 Tot e'e TGV\ (3 CEVt ofpe(& /3aXXeO 0(Tyc-tV*
aKeI) /otO 7T0V OVx    'AO 7vJ KV^oO9 OpE~,q           260
Jl~~ePoKrTCVat, a-\ 86\ -roi'G-83e p-LCv 40 c Cas~ LWWOUr0
al TiOh  pvcKa~eeLV, ep  aVTV70O9 rjvta Tetvaqeln (3' c~X'a-at TpWO)w,tter' CiKV?5/JtL&U? 'Axatot4I?
T'i-; ycp Tot fyEVEqI) qI Tpoit 7rep eupv07rac Zeugs     265
8 ^x' v '10, 7Totl \ v Favvlt j'os', ovYCK' a~pUY7-TO
L7r7r&)V, 00-0-ot eacto-i V~r' 77  T' 7'X6YO TE.
7r, 7yevvp7 EKXE*ev cavct~ aii(p&'v 'AyyL`OI)9,
ac p   Aaop&'(3oVTo9 'lro-Xoay  w  9tXeag  'TTV
TCVO, NC-  I EOTOE     ~ra\ tG
'fl~  Ot ~  E7ZJOPO EP (LE~f0tL 7EPEUOXfl        270
TOW 1kV 7T~o-~ap     aVTO~ eXawI aritcaXX' E'r~ faTI.7v
EL TOVTO ICE Xci/50tJpev, Japot/JLiEUa /CE KAe~O9 JOT7OXV.
Pandaros begins the combat by discharging his sfiear, but without
effect.
A129 01 /.LE\V TOtaV~-a 7rpns aX4Xo7xv9 ayopEVov.
c\8    T (3E   y E77OEV rXOov `Xa vVOVT  WKJ/e'a X   r  9 L7t7TV9. 275
rOt' 7T- poTEpO9 WrPOOEEL,7Te AVKa'OVOC? ayXao\,c v[Y0'
KapTP're6vIJe, (3a!'pov, aJyavoi3 Tv(36o,? vle6'
' tXa a-' oi) /3'Xo9? (0KV (3qzr-cro T'p         I~-r
vfvv aDT' E'YXEtv wc~tpcao-op~at, at iCE TXO.




HO


110            ~~IAIAA0M E.


~Hpa, Kat a/.L-rc~raXcwv 7Tpotet     00OXLXOOKO1 e7O928
P~ab 8a'Xc Tv(3e((ao Kvr' awi(3a '-~ 7-3E 8e3ta' 7rpo'
aXl?- XaxcK,, 7Tra/.Lcvy Ow'pylt Wrexa#7rOq.
TC!) (3 e7V /JuaKp o\ avc~e AvUcaovoS' ay7Xao\9  vlo,~
B43Xkqat KeZpeawa (3taLF77epe%~ ov'86 o  o'tWC,-77ove  avaXWQeo&Oat      \FO  &\ I' '-x e' ~  a     285
LDiomedes slays Pandaros and disables Aeneas, who is rescued by
-          ~~~~Ajhrodii'e.
To\w (3' oib Tap/3?0a9a, 7po06Xffl7 Kparepos,~ /top'&qi~
yi413POTE(~, OV)  eTvXe'' asrap ov~ /Ev  04Jc~i ry' 3tw,
wpitv 7'/ a7rowravco-cOat, 7rptv 7y qeTepoi' ye 7rE0o-olrra
a.,a7    a' aaL"A p?7a, raXcaipwo  wOXef/wmO
"fs  ap.kvo,~ 7WpocflKE  /3Xq  3  Ovvev 'AOrq       290
pbwa 7rap' ooO aX/ pov, XCVK0VS~ (3' ew~rjoepv 6(3o'vraq.
TOV (3 atwo\ /eV IyXwcoocav?-pvlk7)qv, TaLe XaXKOSq 'T4t-&p~,j
a1'xl~? ('~eoi-O A77apc' A 1ca7-o atvOepe&Jiiva.
111ptC  e   OXE')  a'pa'/77o-e (3\ TEUXe' e7r'aTO
aIo'X a, wra1.uavo6wv-a,  rape-rpeT-cav (3E ob t7T7rot   295
ciKvwo&v TroP (3' a'Ob Xv'Oq 4fvX? TE /JzeZJol TE.
Aiveia' (3' aJwropovo-c ow aaJow& (3ovp, Ire zaupw3,
(3eo-a(~ jk77 7wn ot epvc-ataTo VEKPOV 'Axato('.
albt (3 ap' av-(- fla~ve Xwv'ow       J,c~ a 7r~ eWoLOW9,
77pOYO-    E  ol (36pV 7- ' C'o-X6 Katb ao-77i(a wwravoo-' E"'?V  0
TOV KT/Jkevat,aq.kac6(, 0~ 7(9 -roD  y' ahrrio,  'X~ot,.ojsep(3aXa 16'X(,w.  of 86\ xe1a8     Xad/36Xetpi
Tv(3d(3iqq, p~e'ya 'pyov, 0' oi' (3to y' J'6(pe 0fxpotev,
Loti vvv fiporot eta'   o,iupv pe'a -7aXXe ica\ oiosx.
Tc,. /3aXev Aiveiao KaT- to    etv,   aT    J/)0         305
to- yj  lT  O~ETat, KOTVXqV (3 T'r PtV KaXEova-t




IAIAAOZ E.               I


Al I I I


OXca';o-e 86' 0a KOTV"XI7Y, 7wpos' 8' aALtfo~k p"1E TE'voVTe
(AiC 8' a'ro' ptVO'V TP~77VS Xi'Oo9.  av'Ta~p b' fy'?q"'co9
EOT? fylJ~ept7Tov Kcat epeto-aTo XELPt 77-a~eti,yatujs~ a/i4it 8c' oO-Te KeXatvlf\ Pvv\ E'ta'Xv#e.      310
Kcli Pl" KEIV gvPO' a'tw6XotTo ava~ aJv8p65'v AlvEisa9~,
d,tv) p' 6i v'Iqo-6 Jdt', OVIydTyqp 'Aopo8'Tl
c7 FLZ  )7 'AyXi-     EE/%KXOT
T178      lktv tf~~o  V tO 0-7 TO'~7E    XV
apO    q E vw /3X o v vL TtS\ v JazE'a T07ovX ax 6V7TIC o0l
xaXKov El/, CTTIJOE(TYt, /3aX('Ov EK OV/.OL' EXOtTO.
Sth4enelosfiossesses hirnsel(fofAeneas's steeds, sends (kern to the s/iiz>s,
and returns to Diomnede, who fiursues and wounds Afihrodite.
'H /pEv 6'0v ObiXov vthOV birwe0bEPEVvwoxr-otooV'8' v`i~ Ka77cu o   'X '6TrO O-VVO~CY- o  vp-   awV
Taaw, a~  WETEXXE  O7l \ayauo\s~ /J tot707S         320
a XX    ' YE T~OVS~ I/kEV e, q7pv~caKE jsa'wvv~as~ t~'wwouv
vFOG-bw a&7-0  $XotoG-/3ov, c'~ da/TvyoS' iqvia Teitia9,?
Ai'vdao 8' Ewa!t~as? K aXX(tTpotxas t'777oVu"
EVXa-ce Tpa')&V (LET EVKJ/It8aS~ 'Axatoi5'(.
80')ICC 86\ Zlytwv-Xp, E'Ta'p(D o'Xt, OV W7Ept 7rao-979  32
TLEZ) 0/.LyXLKIS  o   'ta  Opco-tv a~p7tayf,
E~vt   7Jrt rykcavp yam  EXavve4tzev.  aV'rTap iS ry 9npa
(0v t7'77wv erirt/3a'? eXa/3' 7?>ita o-tya OCVTcL,
cd~a 8E\ Tv8ci897P tLEOEWE6 KpaTEpo'vvXas' t7T7t0vi?
7yt7YVC007CC0i  a T  avaXktcv  " v Oeos,, ov'\OE t'aow
Taawm, a't T av8pwiv 7T-oXE/It0P Ka'Ta. KOtpaveovo-tv,
OVT) aop' 'A~iyvaiyq OTE VT~OVunop~o,~ 'Ezvvco




112 6


112             ~~IAIAAOf   E.


a  OTE7, 8Sy p.  ec~i~aie 7-oX'VZ KLO' b',cXov c37r ~'oWv,
EC)O' ewope~aF1EP0o9 /zteYaOvj/-,ov Tv&09o, v109"         335
alcp?7v ovaac-e XetaP1 /.Ea"X/-tevo9 04CE1 (SVtp?
a/3XYqXp'v- EtOap (Se (So'pv Xpoo)9 avTeT~p77(Tev
ap43poo-iouv Sta' 7wE'Xov, b'v ol Xa'pLTe9 Kafitov avTat,
wrpvJwov v7rep Oevacpo9?. Pee (S aL/3poTrova' ca OeoLQ,
LXP     MI69 7rep Te pEEL pLaKap~co-o7  OeOKtTLVI          340
Ov~ ryap oi-rov ea(ovo-' oC, wivovo- at'oowa otpey,
70 yE/C avat'1tOV6? dCt-t Kat a dvaTroL KaXEOVTcLL.
The goddess lets Aeneas fall, who is rescued by Afiollo, while Afihrodite, uinder the ta un ts of Diomede, is led away by Iris to A res.
ER IS-pLcya taXovc-a da~r 60 Ka/3/3aXEP vItOv.
icat TOV PLEP 1fETa XEPc-LV EpVo-aTo ~PoF/3o0 'A7TO'XXWy
K~tyy ~c~Ey J) 19Jaaw           a~7"IXo               345
xXOvEVLt C-T 'OEIO-01 /aXw W CicE OVpOV eAoLTo'
j  (' 77rt JaKp'vl) bau-e /3oi\v a',yaO\, JtotLr(Si,?
EMce, 4109\O?JyctTEp, 7roXCto   8a77(OtHrs?) 0?J,~( aX9 OTTLyv~au a  ayaK  9?77rCpO7TEVEL9;
E&           7r 7 E  OfXE,.LLov 7rOjEX lJcaE~t, yTel 0- OtCO 35
ptryY'q-Etl) 7TOfXELO'V rye, Kat EL X ETEflo)Ot 7tV'Ol)Ct.
~29?  4a O', i77 ' Xov-      7E/Y17-ETO, TEtpETO(Satc.
T?7 WLEP ap' 'Ipv   E'Aotic-at vo(Srj'yepo9~ kay' 6/.kdXov
aXOtL,?7v0'8 7(Sy-t   JLEXaiyECTO     XpO'a Ka-Xoy
evPey e7rEtTa 1.kaX?p9 e7T  apto-T-Epc Oov'pov 'Ap?)c      355
rJEPOV.   I7Pt (' 67'X09 E'CKEKXtTO Kait TaxE' L'7=(A.
'ql(S v~v-   cp7TC cc   cclynrt        io
wXX \ Xtc-a-oJIEP?  XPca/IV    ft fTE   L' 77




IAIAAO2Z E.                 "


1 113


Ares lends Afihrodite his steeds, which, Iris being charioteer, convey
her to her mother, Dione.
(PCXe,Caai'rvqTe, Kof-ka-aat-  p~e 86'1 8e' /.1oi 't'-TwOV1,
b'4p' e9  iJAXvt(7roV ZlK0)/at, Za?  Mava'aTaW  E8o09 EOT.    36o
Xbp7   aXOoFpat eXKO, 0' LL 13/2TO9 oU"Ta(Tev aViqp,
TV81EI18fl, 091' PVv1 rye KaL) av Ad- wrarp~,pax'oT.X29 qa-o, Tj, 8'     p' "A?, &O-KE XpVG /1k7rVKat9 L7T7Tov9.?78 eq &i4pov e/3atvev a',cfxeIpCEV?  Oft'Xov 7'7TOP.
7rp8'ot 1/2(9? 4IawE6 Kal(?flJta Xa~'IETO %E/20%        365
tkaO74E~V 8' E"Xa'aV, 70)O 8' OvUK a'E'KoVT  7rETE(Y0flv.
ait~a 8' 6`7rEL ZKOVTO0 E(LW) 6809, aiwir'v OMvp~7rov.
e'VO0 IO7TWov9 ECT-TflO  7ro8n7ve/uoq (1OKE'a  1/2(9
Xvoa-ac' e4 OXE(Iop, 77apa 8' a~4p&onov /3"Xev eZ8ap'2    EV 7OvvotL 7rt7rT7   ZIL(0Vfql9 8V  'A~po8t'T7f,        370
(1/177909 eq~? 8   aey=a9 EXa'E7T    Ovya7e'pat'7
XEL/2I Te /Atv Ica7epe~v E7ro9 7' ECf aT' EK 7' OpoUa~eDione, having heard the cause of her daughter's distress, comforts
her by recounting other deities who have experienced humiliation
at the hands of mortals: Ares, Hera, Hades.
T19f,? 0E O TOta'8' "pe~e, OLf'XOV T7EK09, Ou'pavuoov~
(1a~LiO9, (09, C'/ t KcaKcoJ pe~ovo-av Evo&)7ry1;
T~v 8' '1JkGL/3eT" 'E7rtELa OtXopuei687     'A~fpo8brT     37
01)7c  pe Tu~co9? vl09,    7Te'pOvpto9 4L01/J?81719,
OVV/EK e7(0 cOtXov VLOV V~re~E4fepQv 7roXe'ptoLO
Alvelav, o09 e'/Lol 7TaVTO)V  rO-XiV\ LfXTaTd9? EO7LTV.
v/  a~ Z7     po       a  'AXa62w    ObiXowt9cdn5
(ax' 1, Zlavaot rye Kat MaaTM- IjaXoVTat.                     380
Tbv 8' q~'p~eifeT' e"7rr~a AluOin7, 8'ta Oea(0ir




"I4


IAIAA02; E.


76TXa~Ot, TCK1JOP 6/LkoP, lical avafYxEO Kq8OLE'V  77-Cp.
'jrc`Xoi, rya'p 8?) 7-X?/.kev 'OX'/ 7rta 8c6a' cXovre,
ET  aP68poJP, xaXCWv aXye' E7r' aXX?J'XoLoL rTLOEPTES,~.,r'X?' pLev "A pi)g, O"TE.LIP 'f209o, Kcpa-repo' Pr 'E~ta'Xvq,,  385
'.-aLE 'AX~o-os~, 87-7o-av lcpaTeptco e
X a~ iP   6   El   IKepait pw   86E6CTo   TrptoKa L6E  77v)a 9,;ai ~'6 EP &' aw76'Xocro "Apq, '-ro, 7roXC/Fkoto,
EL   tL ~ - u l  'nE aXX27S?  'H epi/ ota,
'EpFL&'a   EC 7/ypeLXeP   6'  E~ 'lKX e#E   "A  pqa         390
)6)TetPOFLEpop,  XaXe7rOS?  86'  C'  Sc(TFLO',  E~a/JAk a.
'T?) 6    OTpC,  r   F1.U   KpcaTEpO)s   7aT,  'A FLP TP1%JOV0
8e~tTepoPv KaTa' Fpa~o'0v tC-TTW TPLIYXCO'XLP
f3E13X   'KEL  TOTE KEL   FLu P   a'vnKEG-TO P   aC / E   6 y 9
rT i  6'  ')A!i877   Eli  T01(11  WECX60pt09  CO/CUP  OLITOP,  395
EVTE FLIP (OVTO,~ aPyp, VtoS,~ ZILOS aLYLOXOtLO
EV  HMA N  EV)  PEKVEO-0YL  /a3ct~cv  OW6VP 8P 60)KEP.
av a   /3?)  7Tp0';  8W)Fta  ZIO\S  Kat  FpaKcpoP  OXvVFLIov
ILI/p ax EW, 06vvc~o-L 77r77-ap/LtePo9~ au-rap OLOUTO9~
coFLqP  ePI  (IT I8ap pa   2JX   7XaTO,  K'96E  86\  0'FLO'*  40
TOp 6' E'r HaI'4W    O'avvi'0ava OaipFaKa    WacTOYOP
/                  I?)KeaT  V /EV yapTI KaTaOP?/TdO~,y       TVK
cX7to~      0I3pIFuoepyos-, 0`~ OWE1 5OOETl at5o-vXa PfEl0JP,
&S~   O tOLI7LP   EK?/6   0 0 V ~,   Oi"   OX V /LL7 TO P   x GV
She exfilains that the Jresent assault was instigated by Athena, and
heals her daughter's wound.
Xot 6' CM    TOV3TOP aplPce Oa't yXaviC^07rt-L  'AO~p     0
PY7 q7tL09, OV86\ TO\ ot6e KaTa' LfpEva Tv6~os- vios-,
OTTI /laLX' 01) 67vato\, ok MavaPLTotLO FLaXqWat
TI    FL P 7ra t6 9 7 OT   o v a o-t   7r ct w (4bra I




IAIAAOT, E.


''5


E'XOOVT7- E/c '7roX/.oto Ka&t -almv7 8irr~-o'g?.
Tr3 vvv Tv8E' qy?, E I Ka' /. Xa KacTpEPO"s ' CTt,  41
Opa4oh COW t 7Ly TV ot a(zt/ivcov 0Et0 IaXiTat,
\ 8)\ v A 1'yta Xtc ta, 7ept'cppow 'A~p'qo-Tt`vy,
E/C V77rVOV 7y000)-ct 0btov,? oiKrjas- E'yeipy,
K 'vp(ov 7woOgovo-a w7wTZ  p  o   ')A~atwh',
ouXOtO XEpo(va S ctvTOY7WtOW7TO /aect
Al 3'k aio~o' Ato-ooka 'Am~[7ro~ai/ TE Kto
T9ttH (SE, Kai\ a9JorpXE o-t yav~r tX9 X'Aoirn o4oy Q
Z~cro XraTp, O7 fvat Tb [aT97t, KEXOXCO apE-atOTt KPEL(
A thXa and Hera Kbanter ZAeus6(Sa Afihrodie'sdsoL ~ue
ETOpLO-V? f~reeo-a t A&Oa, po vi~qv C'EK7tE~Xovfi.jo
Wot~c't Ka p'Ov pf uo-a'AyXavK3w E7TE71X'AO
fZD 7ra'To,?T~tS7 p'a TtE 7ra70 y K az'(Spwveat OTT OW CTE,W
awho cousel Aph rodte to lav war toAesanAtea,ravTetv3 ap~O~ Ka`~v   'AxaOa'8vy e'7Taz'TEL[LX?7t L. 43
`42X oa/O I TLC7GeWT86 7rap09 paX'VJ7XOVS 7- ctOpE0ov
Kat.va 3' e~cr'ir.pvoqe/w 7r ya6E'O   Xpvo[ELC1)A3pyS '?7




ii6


IAIAAOI E.


yeyv      el-icaw'                       'Ae rr6X'Xriv
ryt~vawc 0 6ot awros  v7etpeL~e  Xetpa9     7
aXX   0 7y ap    Ov(3e Oo) pyap     ~TLT       3 atc&
Aivciaw   Tl~cLr L Kat IawoA76 KcXv~a TEVXct'e  3v0- aa.  435
Trpt 8' 01 E'crroeXt~e factev7r7 aoa-wi(3 'Aw6 AX o)v.
a'XX' GTE 87To' TeTapToL' E77ec-vTo (3alllopt 70-OS~,
(3Etva, (' o/.L0KkrJ7aS~ 7wpo~eOr/c'iKaiepyos' 'Aw6'XXow
4i~pac4o, Tv~e1(3i, nait Xa4'~c, pq    Oeo-totv        440
lo-'  Oe~efpovE~  7E& o1 V VOTE ~DOV    0  W~V
aMavaTWV 76 OEOJZ)v xa/.kat Epo.zv~      r  avOp(A) W Vw
'42~ cfx'-ro, Tv(3ei(3,q 8 JV~'~'xTO TUTOO'V 037r10-a-, Vti a~vpeo e'/aT')7/3oXOV'A6oo9
Aivet'av (3 a'7TaT-epOe) O',ilov O-,Kev `AAw6X-Xcov      45
ll~paL~  ELVtp,7 0~  Ot Pnl~qs  ETETVKTO'?) TOL TO)) AJTWo TE nat `Aprtc,9 lo6xeatpca
el) /eyap Lt(UTO    aKOT     TE0 KV3  OV TrE.
Having driven back JDiomnede, Afiollo sets a jflzantom-Aeneas among
the comnbatants, and incites Ares to re-enter the combat,
Av'Ta~p o' EL(`3oJoi Tnev'  a'pyupOT0ro0o `AA O'X~o
avcor'  Aivcia LeXoL' Iat TEV'XEcL ITOLOP,             450
ap4       a p' et (3o`X p Tpc^XX, Ka\ K3ot 'A~atol
(3yovp a'XXlXcwV aJt/ft T-ryOE-cut /3oeta,~
d'8w(as~ EV/'/AvKX~v XatJ7)La' Tre 7TT-EpoeVTa.
8(\1 TO'TE Oov-op "Apqac 7Tpo0-?7v3a. (PoZ/3os; 'Aw6OXXov'Apes', "A pes' /poToXot ye, t~atcot'pe, Tr~txE0-t7tXcq77a, 455
ovnC av 8(3\ T6(3' dv(pa pa&%X79 E'pviato,lLETexOW)v
Tv(3d(3y v, 04 ivv rye ncal aU ALt 7TCLrpt I.La~otT0;
Ki'7pt(3a ltEl) -lrpCOJTa o-Xe(3ol OVTaLUTE Xetp E7rb Katp7Tp,,~~~~~~~~~~,, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~I
avTap eVrELT   aVITCO 1tt0t IEW70-JVT-o (3a[t'ovt Lo-0s;.




IAIAAOT, E.                   I1


117


who re-animates the Trojans.
Tpcfal 86 arif~aq ov5Xol "Ap77 c'O'pvvE /LtETEXOW\v
Et/JEV9'AKa4LaVTt O(O,?7"/?)TPC 19pyK&
vaa-T cS\ Tlp tacLowo 8OTPEOEEO'TL IEXEUev
'12 vLEL9' Ilptail-two, 8toTpE4O1E09 faaotXfjo09
E9; TL elt& KTELEo-Oat eac-ere 'Xaov 'AXato'l;           465
q9  $  tf?    q1
7) etq 0 KeP a~u4)t 7rv,p9 eV> W~t?7T?77T  F.Ldxwjv'at;
fcEtTaL avi7)p, Ol) T  (00V  MTO/LE1)t'KV    &up,
Aivet1a9, vi\c; /.LEyaX7)TOpoq 'Ay~(a-ao.
AXI' a-1T     iCK    t&f8ot/ow o-au%-ouev eo-OXO\V &ea-tpov.
'qet'7r(\w Cewrpvve.LVOq; KaC V-o&  bca'aTOV.       470
6'VO' ai39 Xap7rv?&8wv /pLaXa VEL'Keo-ev A"EKropa 8(Q1)*
Sar~hedon reproaches Hector, contrasting his remissness with his own
sacr~/Ices and courage.
f               A~~~~~~\3
"EKTOP, 7r        ro T /tlkeVO9? otX'Cu, 0 wrpt  eXeowceq;
cO'  7O    ZTCP Xa)    w6X     E e/l(E1?77  E7~KVp(01
Mg0 a-in' ra1.,4po~tb- KaO-t'yv?7T)7-ot0 TE (YOUYLt.
aXXa KaT~aW7&f)0-0-0V0-t ICvveq (0 a/L(/t X EO17a
7)Le 9 8' a'l p~aX(O/e-O', o' 7T'pT7 E7rtLKOVpO( lEf1E)
ca ytp e~ycol e~rliovpO9 e&Wv 1LaX  TJXO'OEV) 7)K&
Tr7)Xov^ ya'p AvKt'7), 2Uval)O 67?tL 8tvl)?EV7t,
6l)6 a'XOXOV T6 -OiX7)V o'Xtrov KaC l)7'7itovl vi'ov,     480
'8c 8e3 \ T IM  a   OXXa', Ta' T' kfX86Tat, 09 K' Etr8ev?
aXXa Kat (09 Avuciov9? OTPV'V(   Kat fLE'Llto  aVrro9
a)8p~t faX 'o-ao0a(GtV  '7f  1   t LEE)L86 7011
0Ol)v K' 7'E\ (/)poLev 'Ayatol 7 Kul ayoI~v



ri8


IAIAAOZ E.


TVU?7 a   eorT?7Ka,?, aTap  01)3' a"XXOL(7  KIEXEVELV?    485
Xao'towL /JEVIEIkEl) Ka). a/Jkvv-cJepvat cApeoo-t.
- 7Tw), (w) a#LcYL Xi'vov a'Xo'vl 7rcavaaypov,
aV~pao-& (3VJFLEYEEJJL0V eXCop KaiL Kv'plLk 7ev?7(7O6
ot   e,  Ta~x   EKWCvcPOOVCT  61)  vatojLL )vv  7T6'xb)  V,/417v.
CO    3  Xp J  a' se  W(LVTCLa  /jkE'Xti   )vvKc a,  TE  KaL t   qlLap,  490
aXuXWoCOP.E'VO  T?7XEKXELTC'oL  '77tLKO Upow
C0E    XEI-LEY,,c a ep v 3  7wo ~o&TOat  E'VL77-)V.
Hector feels Ihe refiroach, enters again the combat, and rallies thre
Trojans.
tf29  fa'TO  I'apw7-q~wdv,  8a'ne  &\  ope'vat  "EKTO,0L  pkvOo0.
aVrTnca  3' E'~ 63XCijv 0UV TCVXE(TLZJ a'XTO Xaae
va'Xcwv (' O'~Ea 8ovpa KCaTa cTTpaTOV) OXIETO 77CaVT?       9
orpvvcov lvaxeo-ao-Ocu, c"'yeep  3,E OViXowre  alvjv.
01 (' AXeXIXO7o-aV Ka\~ E'CLZJVTiQ EOGTav 'A~a~
'Ap-yeiot.  3  b1rne'-ewav  aoxx~es',  Oz'386  X/3', JOEV.
8 (   Ca'veFl-o9 a"Xva9? (0opE'Et i[epa'i KaTr  aX(,t(a
aV(3pofl   Xt1C1.kw'VTC0V,  O1TE  TE  ~avO 7  zil'/T? poo0
KCpcvT)  cWEL7ouLVO)V  ave/lCoP,CapWroV   76  KaLL  a7Ja~
at  (3 VWO\E KCLtVOVTat  a~vp/J tacLU  (A)  TOT A XaLoLt
XEVKOLt V"77epOe 7EVPOPTO Kopto-aD'VO, ov' p'a W3  au'7o))V
0upavoy E', 7r~'xXo        e'wE'wXqyov -7r63e;, L'-7TW(OV,
a 4r  C77tjeeo-ryotiEvcEoV   i'w6  (3  EeOT~PE9OV   7 t X7)c,  505
0 1   (~   /~ E V O   X E P o)7  L 0 V  cJ E Q. C a Ft   f t  ( E   LV K T aL
Ooi~poq "Apn?7 e'Ka'Xv#e,wcXy TpoweotLv apr)ywv,OP
C7raXVT O O      I   - T 0O )  3 '0Kc L L E Z E,b E T L
'Io'oi3ov 'Aw6XAXovyo9 xPvocao'pov, 5-') ut  avcoyet
TPEEo-'i  Oukov   e-` dpcteP,  'E'w4  tl3e  H caXXad'  'AOI>9V v  510
I  oeE17       fyc   Aa  w X cv   Ziavao 'tcrtv   p'  I~w




I AI A A O.'  E.


"I9


A1>59", 8' Ailvelav 1sa'Xa 7n-iovo'~ e      rt
b7E ~   EL (Y06UE(70  wLEJOS pa'Xe 7ToLALEV  AWV.
A lvEclaS  '3  Jra'potot /LEOtLO-TaTo' Tot 8  e~apy~oxav,
e)S oL3V~wv Tre Iat UtpTc/SEca 77rp0LolTo a              5 15
KCLL JLEvoq EoTOxoL) e),xovTa- f.LESTCXx?IJOLv 7/e JLEV 0 ) Tt.
b, 7vs'McXo,~, o'v a'pyvp'-o~oqypea7o,?  0 eyetpel
"A pyv Te 8po~roXovy0\, "Epv9 T' JaSoTov a/IE/Javta.
On the other hand, (lie leaders of the Greeks, the Ajaces, Odysseus,
and Diomede, rally their men.
Toi',? 8' A'L'atV-e 8V'wi) cat O58UOOEUS', Kai Ato/zLi
CIJrpVVOV /JavaLov9 7roXeJLLE/Lev- ot'    n at av'ro'b     520
OUTE /3tas? Tpactwv bVWc8cl~t-av ovT7e   o a'
a'xx     clco EEVOViecfexpOt  EOLKTOTE,  TE Kpovict
PiVE/JAiJS E-T?77oev cE  aKpo2To ottlOpeo0-tLv
J~ep.as?, 6'O~p' cv"8yo-t /.k vo0~ Bopc'ao Kat  Xo
aXpet'va '.,0tev       c  owtKoEZcvr                525
7rvtZJ0Lo-1 Xtyvpyo-t 8t3co-KtcSvatc-tl aEcvTEv
co, Zlavao't Tpw'a,? 1-tePov e/I7Ie8ov oi'8' f'cjx3ov-ro.
Agamnemnon exhorts the host, and slays Deikoon.
'ATpEIcq'8i  8' av' b'p.ktov ec/oira 7roX~a' IEXev'wv
'd2 SbtXot, aLve'pe9 e~-7e naLL AXKtaovl ~')Top gXeocXO,
aLXVXwXO    7r  at4~EL(YOe nara 1cpaTcpas? vcyLLva9?.      530
aL(o0Lvawv (3 a'V(pCOZ) 7rXE'oVE9? (TOt 'c77-E'favrat'
0cevyoir-raw  8' OU"T alp KXCEQ9 OpVVTCaL ov7TE TL~ cXKq.
'H, IEat aLKOVTL(TE (0)[t OooIa        e E WipO/Q 6)uo   pa
Aiveiw e'Tapov) /eya~v/S-ov, JsLKOOW(0TaL
Hcp~yao-t'8iv, ov Tp(,'es? O/L(&)' FIptCa/SotO TEKCE(TLTL  535
TLOV, ETT~t Ooo'? ELYKE /IETa 7TPCOOTWtL /SaXEOOat.




120


120             ~~IAIAAO2  E.


Top) Aa KaT' aO7wica (3ovp' /3'XF KpcuAW     'Aya1kjkVwAwV
8 (' OWEK ehx~oC' e~pvTo, &3i  7r-po (3E elOaCTO xaXKO%~
Petap?  (3   v 7aG-Trpt &a ~O)CTTi)PO9 EXacT(YE.
(3OVw7o'q-Cv 86' 7Te0w'v, a(ipa/3?ltTE 8e\ rev'Xe e~' ai~-~ 4
Aeneas slays Krellwn and Orsilochos.
"EvO' av'' Aiveias~ Javaoaw e'Xev av(3pa9 a'p(OG-TOV(;,
vWe Aton/i~os, Kp4Owjva' -e 'OPo-tXoo'V Te.
Tc)V pa 7aT~77p   ke     va   EVKCTt/1&2?EVL  zpn?
ad0pvC&\, I3OTOLO, 7EVOS~ (3' 17,1 EKc 7ToTCLaLoto
'A2VXLOcto, O', 7r EU pv' j5'et HvXtowv &3c  yaLU7',        545
O~ TECET' 'OpOLAXOOV 7rX'C'- a"V ~peo-o-          a'vaK~a
'OpTA-XoIos (3' cp' E"TLKE JLOKX17a [LeyaiOU/wV,
cIc 3 ZloKX~jos; ((vpjuaope 7wa~Ec yecv'irO1v,
Kp 'Oeo 'Opo-iXoXo's 7-e I.aq~     Eb eL(OTE Wrc-779.
Tw /LEU ap    711/ 7(TavJTe /pEXCLaO)va   e7ric 1170w'      550
`IXtop et', eU"7TAov a'ju' 'Apdlow-tv c'v&Oyvq,
ri?\~   pi3~     'Ayaaivoi.     \a Mepex~o
apvv,~bvco v  -r(O (3~t ' ai'Oe  TEXos Oava' oto KXV~?J-V.
0LO 0) Tc YE XE'O1TE UW 6~pEOS KOpopLJ/)/(tl
E~pcL c'T7171 V'7TO FU7Tpt /3aOebp~ raipobETtv VX179'       555
7W  /5LEV ap  ap7wa 'vE/oasq Kaltlt a     /5jXa
CYTaO/5ov\, aJVOp(0%ToW  IEpa!"'ETOV, 69"bpc nalt av'Tco
E~)7a~,LLo-L KaTEKCLOEZ'
7010  0)  EtEO~TtJ iw'Ah'veao (3ap'v~
KELWWEET17ZJ caT7p70tV EOLK0TE'~ VAr7X7                 560
Pity at their fate touches Menelaos, and he seeks, aided by Antilo-.
chos, to avenge themt.
T&~ (3\ 77Eo070vTr exe'noYep (0p*71tXoS' Mepe'XaoS,
/34, (3\ (3dt 7rpo/Jka~w  KEKopOPVOALCoS' at6071-t XaK&)
06L(OV elYXEtilY' 70) (3' 6(L)TPVVeZ) p~vo, "Apqys,






IAIAAOZ, E.12


121


7-(1 OJp0VEIvv, tva Xepa-t Vw Aiz'tao, (3a.Leif.
701) 3' t~ev 'ApTi"XoX09, F.LeyaOvLov N'crropo9 v1C9,56
Aq L8e 8a  rpouza~wv  7tept ya~p 8te wroqjkv  Xacw'
Tt7TOot, u'ya 8' ro~aq a'oo-cfn"Xeie w7vow
7(07 /TLE -7  xra E  7  K44  P/Ea0L0EO
'AvrtiXoXos?8e -LaW    a' /Xt~ Wapto-TaTO 7T~t[lCVt Xawov.  570
Aivet'a,~ 3  01) f.eLVe 00'(~ 7TEft ECOV WrOXE/1-UrT)
J~EC(E  3i   fAe -7rap' aXX'XoUta- /Jbov0re.
at 3   e E7E   0\1 VE 1JS  Ep(a   ' -Xaov 'Axatxrv
7(0) /~ev apa 8a(\ELX) 83aXE'TqV EV %ep(0Lv ETalpovw,
'EvOa FHvXa/ie'vea E'XE5T~  (La'-XaVTQV "Apqi,
apxov HafXayo'vov 1Ae'ya~vLL(0v, a(TwtcTTa(0v70) v    cjE   p' 'Arpe3  (up\ KXctT\o' Mev'Xaog
eo'TaOT e7XeEl vv'e KaXTa\ KX'1)(3a TVX\77-aq'AVn-iXoXoI' 3U  MVawva I8a'X, Y'vtoXovOepaw~'77va,     580
co-OXo~w 'ATV/LVLt&?V (6' 3 bVE7TE7pE6b /.L&wPVXa9~ tww~OVI~)
xePIpa~(3t a7Kowva TV)XWV1 ILE00V' E' 3acpa XEtpw~v?77vLL XVK  EXE~b17 xatIa    7WEGV EV KOV07OV
'AV)TtXOXO9~ 3' a~p' ewal"~a9 ~tfcit qXaac- lcopo-qvau'rap 0 '} d-OlLai1)cov EbEpl7eo9 EKll7rea-e (3i0p0V5
K6/Jja%09 e   IEl)   7-t 6r I~peXI-O' TE Kal COALoqV.
8-770A F.La"X  eTr?7'KEt, Tv'Xe ryp p' a=Ooto /3a~ei0N,
op t7r7r71) 7TX17aVT7E Xapat /3a'ov eVcvKOty(7,
70) tla' 'AVrriXoXo9~, /JET\~ 8\ a'paTOV 9Xao 'A     cu6V.
This brings Hector into the fray. He is attended by A res; and the
Greeks, includin Diomede, shrink back,
Toi\q 3' "EK~WP EVOflOE6 Ka'ra  TIXa9, 0PT0 3' e7Zr aVToWq 590
/CKX?7'lyc09  crdlia 83  Tpa'wv ELW7OVTO  6a'Xayye9~




I22


122           ~~IAIAAOZ E.


KpaTepctl np~e 8' a'Ipa crcfw `Ap?7s' ical Vr6Tvt' 'Evvao',
77 /aEV e~ovo-a Kcv6otLop avat8e&a 877woT'qT-O9,
'Ap~q, 8' Jv waXa4Lyo- wexopv~yo           v4a
4oirct 8' aSXXoTre FLEP 7rpooc-6) EKTOpo9~, aLXXOT' OWL(TOE. 595
To5v 8,6 18&Wv J6(7770e /3on'v aJyaO'?s Atop8~.
0c1 8' OT  4627fJ ai~a'Xca/-wo0, Io W'7oXco'? 7Te8L'oLo,
E7q7r (L)KVPo   7Ta/) ctc       ve~popeoprrt,
a~e /) opl~kpozrra t8cofw, a~ad T' eilpap' 67wioa,
WTOTe Tv8dEl8,t, a'VCya'ET0, E77tC re Xao3^           6oo
'd2 Sbtxot, otov 8') Oavuac~ojzeP'EEKropa& 8Fov
abXI19lT77V 7  el-kevat. Kcat  Ecp-c~o  70E/LL777V
v^3  ' att6b 7rapca Jt rye Oec^ w, "? Xotyw4sie
ca~ Vi V ol 7rapa, K,6tVoS?-ca "Apq, /3porrj av8p\ 'OtKW.
JXX A ~r p \Tpw'as? TETpaJlxpuot, atev 67rtuceo3         605
EKTE,6r, p77Y8\ OEOLS' ppeaVeltVJev 'tobt ~uaXo-Oat.
`J2q a~p ' e'fiO Tpdeq 8c' aa'Xa o-xe8v 2'XvOov alJThwO.
e'vO' 'ElErTop Utco cOcOTE KaTEIE~avep et OTE Xap~iq9,
etv EVC 8icOpp EOVTe, Mevc'a-077v 'AyXt'ctXoV TE.
excetit Ajax, son of Telarnon, whko slays A m}5ios, and strives
to despoil his corpise.
T&  8\ 7rc0O vTr'    cr~e li5,'asq TE).aF('vto9 Atas~  6io
O  cr  a-VdX  Ery V16V, Ka  aKQoVTLE   Opt WaV,,cct fl~Xc "Aa~ov,~eayov viov, 0'~ p5 Cm HaoJ
vae W OXVKTn7,LUOV 7ro v7s. 7c        ~poo
777 E7rucovp?777oPTa /.kETaL HpialLoV TE Kat vctasx
ToZv pa KcaTa\ ~'&)T-Tpa /a'Xev TcXaFL0'PtoS? At'a9,?    6I
vea'py 8   E) rya(7TpC 7ray77 (OXtXO'TKLOV E"yyos~,
8oV~r77o-eV 8E' 7eo-('w.  O' 8' e~wE8pa,~e Oai8tuos? At'a(?
TEUXEa, ayo-v awcv  Tpw'es? 8' e~r 8o'paT' e"Xevav




IAIAA02; E.13


123


oEa,?~ra/pt  vrawc oaic    a' ve~ecrv 7ToX aL.
avTap 0 Xa4~ wrpoo-3a9 I 'lc vEcpov) Xa~xKEOV tyIo(;   620
EO.7rao-a~-' ove  ap  E"T a"X~avP?7ov-r~oaT  TrEvXeL KcaiXa
W~kottv a/cX~o-Oatu '7reI7e~Io 7ap fleXceo
&uEW   3  0 7'abLoLI3actov KpaTE 7V Tc&o      aypXOV
ot'7roXXot' 'Te 1icat eo-OXo'l efoeO-Ta~cWa eYXe  (qpc~
tE /.ya     r  EOa     at62
ot c/E7V7Ep EO~          a   LOtpLov Icat, aya~vo62
Wcoav awro uObcicovr o E Xa~oap~evo,? 7reXC,LL'xOq.
f~~ot -Lev 7ToZJeovTo KaTat KpaTep?71  v07lutil)v
TX~qpr-6Xepov S' 'HpaKXei'817V, n7UV 'TE Leryap 'TE,
wpo-ev) cw' an-rtOe'w ~'apw73qoPw Lctopa Kpa-raty).
01  ' "OTe 8' o-Xe~oi 7o-av 637w ' XXitXowtv i're,      630
Vi 0os  ' Vt'WVO" 7E ZII\'? VEt/JXq7ypeTco,
icL  TX?77r6Xep~oq 7por~p'  0w0 d~V EEt7TE'
Tle~holemos challenges Sarjiedon to single combat.
-Yqap7r?8ov, Avwelaw0  /ovXqoOpe, 7ti(? 7rotavayq
7MOTCOtEt EP)0LU3 eOVTt /ka'XJql? a'8aq7/JuoVt OWt;
'4ev8'uofevot 8e o-E 4aut Jto\, y6vov auytoXoto          635
cvat, E7reL 7To X~v KceL'tOZ  'wt~cteat azNp~p,
o'i ZJto\( e~IE'yVOVTO 67 7r-poTepwz  ah'POp(0waD,
a'XX' owl,V Itva 4acot 3U7?)v IHpaKXqe'?7 E 1
ELivat, EFLov wraTEpc Opacrv/,iaova Ov[uo'XE'owra,
W1 7OTE 38i6p,XOaw  " ve'' 7+wcv 2Iao1.k~SOVTroI?,     6
164 o'p o-vv 7vq-tT xalt am'pacr-e 7ravpo7-EpotGftV
IXiov e~aXaw7a~e 7r0'Xtv, X?;poWe 3' ayvtav
Ic~ aico\S I-E~ Oup,LLO, arofotvisOovo-t 8\ Xcaoi
OV8'Ti oe Tp601a-a-wt  /Joat adxicap E'Oco-Oat
E'XOO'VT',ec AVKLbqI, o1' et' /ia'Xa lKapTCpOSI JO-t,  645
aXX' ivw' epoi, 3tviqOE'a wtv'Xag 'A~'8ao Wrep4O'-eIJ.




124


124            ~~~IAIAAO1 E.


Sartiedon rejhlies, the stiears are discharged at the same mzoment, and
the challengerjfalls.
Tohy 8' ai5 2'apwy84w', Avielow~ a'yb's~, aLPTtLop q"8aTkwr5'Xejk' y' Tot KCetoS~ aL7TCOxecTCP "fIXwv [pq>
apvepo'~ a~pc~t'io-tv p yavoD Aao/.t'8woiTO,
os pa [U     Ve    aPTa KcaK(9o 2)Pt 7ra7T,u'Orp,65
OV'8  a,-te&OX' L,77TWovS', wv CvlPcKa TVXOOCP yxOC.
Goot 8'ey~    ev~a'8C 0fql)[U cfJpov KaLt 16r7pc pae-atvav
E~ J1dke0    TCVl CO-Oat, elqq 8' {'rrr' 8ovpt 8apE'vTa
CvXoS?~o       )           7(~l E'~O1 'Co-CLP, '*IXvx  8' "Ai8t KXV7TO7r ANO.
'\2qs  ba'T0 X~ap7f7-8Ctw), 5' 8' a6E JXCTO [LCLXLPOV 6"y/Xo,  65
TXvq77ro'XC/to,~  KaLL T0VJ jLEP  alapTi? 80paTct /Ikalpa
6, cic  cLPWP9 itav  0 /tke' /3[Xev al'XC'pa [tte'O-OO
2~apwriq&A'W, aIX~y?' 8e\ 8ta[lkepEs', 2'XO' a'XeyCLtv
Top 86\ IcaT  O'   aXpW'Y E'pCI3CPvP\ Pvv'  E/,a'Xv~r.
TX~pio6XqLo9 8' a~pa [i7 pov aptG-TEpOP EYXCL 1.Ltpa)p~I   66o
I3CI3X?7ICCLv, adX,9? 8E 8t5-orVTO [tatpaLW(tc-a,
00-TEep) ErYXpt[L tcF2Oo-at, 7ZictT?7p 8' ETC -Xotyo~v aFltvveP.
While his comnfianions are carrying off the grievously wounded
Sarfiedon, Odysseus slays many of the Lyhians,
Ot'I.6   'p   aPTIOICOP I~ap7rq~86pa 8~o  CETaLp
Je4e(bpov 7roXe[Loto0 I8apvPC 8c' [UP 86Opv) [LaKpOV
eXKO/LCPOP.V To 1t16  061 Tt? C77CCIApa'a-aTT oi38' e'PO'(C  665
'tpo  ECp 'oat 80'pv peCLtPxov, e0hfp'?w7t,8a[7i
GT77TCV80PT(0P' TO'ZoP yap e'Xov 7roPoP aFU/LE7VTOPTC.
TXirn7-oXCkoP 8' e'TePWOJC EVKP27[8cS ' AXato~t
E~E'OCpoP 7roXCetoto- POy-C 8c\ 8LtO, 08VCC6-U\9
TX ' tova Ov[loP e'Xaw,   at~at~qac  8  ol, ctiXop q37op-  670




IAIAAOZ, E.                       5


125


/lep/lj,7t~e (3' EWET( Ka-a' bp~va. Ka't icacTa OV1ko'V
i7 'irpoTE-pco Aco' VI` 1) Eptly(SovW7OtO &('M
2) 6 fyE 'rJV 7;-XEOv&Mv Av~cdwiv aw~ro OVI-Ow ~'XoCTo.
oW a'(3 p' 'O8voa-j -    EyaXp-p   p-tl)2E
teOqtpov Atoe? vtuow -a'77-olC~aktEV O'EiXX              675
TW Pa. Kcara  rXqOzv'p AvKI`i0w Tpa7rE OVPOV 'AO~4~
gvo 6 eye Kot'apaov dIXev 'A-X~a0-opa~ TE Xpo110V TrE
'AXKav(3pov 9' ~'A'XtdV Te Non'juova TE Hpv'Tavt' TE.
but is checked by Hector, who, seconded by A res, slays many of
the Greeks, and forces them, stubbornly resisting, toward the
shifis.
Kal vi5 Ic' &'t, 77-Xe'ovca9 AViciawV Kra'V6 8t'oq '03Voa-0ez',
et /.L2 ap  o4v V02)06 /Leeyaq Kcopv~aw'Xoq rlEKTrp.     68o,83i7 &E, 81\?rpoFlia~coV KEKOpVOILE'vo9 at"Oowt XaXneo,,
(3eZ a 4e'pawv Aavaot-o-v  XdpI7 (3 cpa 01 77rp00LOVTb
Xap7r?7q(30w, Ato~ vi'', &'roq (3' o'Xoc~v(3v0\ 6`60W
T1ptaptdSeq, pd8   1.ke &E wp Javao-tutv   0779-,ceur~~  JXX'Er avvov.  677-eta,te Icai XI7rot cow
eV 7 'OX&v/I eTpq, EW~     vK ap   eILEXXov Eyao eye
VOOT7o70aq oZlcov(3e Obikqv E'9 7raTpt(3a eya~tav
'vOpav'etv a'OoVT6 cj21X2V Ka\ vrprcov vwv
t'd2q ca'T0, Tr\V (3 D'oTh 7Tpo(TE'f19 KcOPv~aio-ko, "EKTCOp,
i!XXa\ wap 'i~ev Xe-Xt77/LE~voq O(/pa Ta'Xwr~a           690
Soai'atT 'Ayeov' 7roXeco~v (3' 'a7r\ OV~k\V ~XtTo.
0fLPap  avTt9O    0'p27    v    t3o~ Eatpot,
do-av b'7r' airytuxobo A1e\e9 wrEptcaXX& cy'i
'CK (3 apa ol pqpoi^ (3'pv I.et1Xwov J%-e Oi'pa~e
4)0Ot1to9 HeI&YCOV, 69I ol OdXo9~ 3e6V E'Taipo9~.        695
Tov (3'        #VX ' Kca'\ (3' o'0OaX1.kLwV K'xVT'I axXvhJ9




9 2


126           ~~IAIAAOM E.


avrTL9 63 /J7TJVVO?7q, 7t~p& 83e 7rVOt' /30peao
7(~p EL 7roWVEtovo  Ia KWC&JS KcIC6fCa JO0'ct OvaOt'V.
(3yeto   ' i'wr' "Apq p mftKc  'EKcopt Xa'XKo/Copvo-'rj
oirte7TOTCWpO~p7TOVT   ELEa~&     Cw~  WV~f        700
OVTE WrOT  avrepcpozrO,JkaX-y, aXX  ativ 67rtL0rO-)
aOp, WI E7TVOOZTO /.LCT\ Tp&%oe-o-tw "A pqa.
"EvOct Tivct 7rpcOToV, TtVa (3' Ve'GTaTOV J Eeva'ptav
EITO   TE H~pta/,ooto 77at9? KaZ& Xa'XKeo? `Ap'rps;
aVTFLOeov TEt'OpaVT i7-\, 86\ 7rX t7777O=Z Opea0-TrqV70
Tp?'3XOV Tr' aI`X1.ip?7TV AITm[XtVo  Olvo4Laov TE,
Oivoriwt&v 0' 'EXeZJQv Kat 'Opeorl8to aIoXo,ukb&py7v,
0' p         yVT?  ZvatLeOKe  LEy  WXVTOLO /I/11X(p
X~w    K q1eKXtLevo'; Kq~fwt'8t  7'np (3e ol, aXXot
vatov BocoTr\I pa'Xa wrt'ova Upov 6'X0710~
Hera and Athena resolve to come to the succor of the Greeks; and
the battle of the gods begins.
Toz)'q (' (09, o5Vv ev~foEo Oea\ XevKWOXeLJo9 r/Hpn
'Aprydov; o'XE'KOVra'; ev  KpaTep',  opt?7
avrc' 'A0?7vaI`qv E"'a7Teat 7TTCPOEZ)Ta. 7rpoo-flV(3
-27ir07-t0, aty~ytoxt 4(09 TEKO';, aLTPVTOJI-',
p    a~' tov rov [LV00ovV i7wrEiy-97ev MCVEXa,6,        715
"IXtwv &~7repo-aVTr EVTEIXeoIJ a77TQv&cO-&,
et~ OJT&) flaivEcTOat eaWQFLev ZiXov "A p-a.
axx' a4"ye (3\) Kat V(0L /Jze(3W/e~  Ootpep(3o'; a'X/c?)q.
Hera firehares her chariot of war.
~2';~ e"aT' ov'(3' dbWO?)0e OEa\ ryXavK&^Ovt'; 'AO'rvP77
77 IEV ~ro~opvi7  pvcap~-v~,~ VT1JV tL7rOWV'    720
IIH'Hp, 7rp60oia Oed', Oveyak'Tp /JeyatXoto KpvowVto




IAIAA&OZ  E.12


127


f'HI3,q 8'(/5f   vx46001 Oo&w /aXe Ka/LL77TvXct KcVK/Xa,
%UXKicc o'CTaKL)?7/Sa, c~87et a~o   a,~
7rjz qT-ot Xp   LE7trV? abOvro~, avu7a'p VW',-pOE6
X(LXC    7TaTop7TcapIpaOai/ta ~S'U             Oav      725
7-rX  vat 8' Jp-yvptOV 61ot 7rEP18pO~tWt (A/4OTE'pWOEL).
(31f~p09 86  pO,'t- Kat apyvpeoto-tv i[laO-Lv
EV)TETaTat,, 8otalt &3 7TjEpt'ipOLOL 'aVTV 7 V- 6   ELa't.
T~y (3 ~ (pyU/JE09zo, P7b0 EweXv CWaV ap Ewr aKpp)
81'Oe XPVcIeLOL) KaXOI) ~uy'v7L, E'v 86\ -XE7TL1a3va ~   73
iCat  j/3aXe, Xpo-E     v7ro, 8e  ovew 7yayei)Hp
Ot7T7T  0V9  JKTIo(aaq, I.il-tav'r E`ptk30 Ica~ a'WT(.
Athena arrays herself in armor.
Av'-TaLp 'AO?)vafq9, cov'pq At\, att'oo
7re~wXo' iLE~v KcaTEXCEV~l e'avoLv 7rcTpos' EOrOV
7rtit~,oL p  aL)T7 wnotqcTaTO Kat 1 Ka/Se XEpo-tv-  735
6 xtrw      EL)8 v-oa J:O\9 vcOfEXyp/EpErao,
TVXEC tV ES' W e-oXvLL Owpr/UfET  ralpvo'cv7-a.
alcpt 0ap     (AJ/1otc-tv 3a'XiT' at'yo'a Ouvereavoeererav,
&unjv, )V 7'e-p t pL\V w7r-y 'VT7 (09 E&rrpcf)O a
EL' 8' "Ept,~, ELv 8' atX/?7', eLv 86\ Kpvo'eo7oTa IwK7.740
eV 86' Tr Fop yett7 /c~aXr\ 83EWtvo' 7WeXojpOV,
8etw4 'rE 0-p1F2 'reF, Jt\?TepaS a'ytoXoto.
lepa7-t 8' 6'r a(t/tcf)L'aXov) lwvv5v OE70 7-ETpacfaXfpov),
xpvcectL7v, EIcaTOl) 7TOXL'ov 7TpVXEeccr apapvwtv.
eq 8' b'xea (fXO'yea 77o&t /3yre'oro, X(1ET7 8 EX9 4
/3pcOu IEya   rr/3tapo'v, 7-(Ao 8a3(4tv?7ot OyTiaq av(3pl~w
7]P(Ao(L)V, TrOLOi 'T6 KCOTEo-erTat 63pt/tora'Tpfl.




128


128            ~~IAIAAOZ E.


And the two goddesses, with H-era as charioteer, hasten: to
Oly/Ijbus,
efpy 8e /Lta'o-Tyt Oo&J J-Trejtale'' dp' rli7TrioUaVo/J.taTft 8c 7Tvat i'ov oi'papo3', a' e"Xov ~'d2pat,
IN?7 E7rtTEfa     taL,uyat~ oipav,~ O`Xv/-wn-6  TE,        70
n7/Lc  a7vaKcXtvctt 7TUKcLvov vefoo,?)' E'7Tt6E~vat.
717 pa W3 avLUTaUo)1 KCEVTpr7vfcca,~ e~ov tW7Tov9?.
evpovi 86 Kpoviawva OeCov a"rep i/ptcvov axxa~w
aKPOTaTy Kop    7bq   0rXv8,tp '80; OAXwoo
anzd beseech Zeus to arrestAres, in his destruction of tie Achaeans.
VEV6' i'-rr-rovs' o-70~j-ao-a OEcat XeVKWXE6O9x ' "Hpn   755
ZiV' DaTov        8 Kvtrn' E ECTO Kb 71-pOJEEL~nrE
ZevD?7raTep, oi' vclteo-i/q "IApp -,ahe Kcaprep'a ~pya;
oairov re Kcal olov acric~eo-e Xa'v 'Axatc~
/ha~I' a~p O  K~~t  OO7JL OV, E/  L cSaXo,  O t 3E eKIxO
'Iep7rovTat Kvwptu -re Kcat.dpyvpoTo~os~ 'A-oxxawV         760
ai4Opova rov'zov aLZJCIJTE9, 'O; oL) rtva o186 Oe'/iLO7aZED 7ra~'7rp, q7 p'a Ir( F-LoL KcXOXwX7aLe, at ceW "A pqa
XVIyp&'0 71 67X'qlyvlLa /ia"Xq, e~awo&'co/at;
Zeus fierm its the goddesses to inte~fere, and to Juiwsh A res.
T\v 8' a'7z-au~et,80o/-t6V0 7rpOOGcffl V~C~6Xq1yEpE'Ta ZE5S?
aypeL pa~v o1 ewo po-ov 'AO-qva/y7v a',yeXet~qV,
16/JAXto-7  e'1(000. KaKfl3 0'ijV'Vqa-  7rEX(4IL
They return to the Trojan tlainz, where Hera, with the voice and
form of Stentor, rallies the Greehs,
C'f9  Oa7', oz'3' awt  a- Oe7 \V     0XEO    Hpij,
/laO-Tl~'Ep 8  "L7T7T01N (0 T   O\1JK03  aEJKoz'Te 7r7E'G~-O?7v




IAIAAOL  E.12


129


icca~ypq ryablnl TE Kcat ovpavov) ao-TepoEVTO9?.
0J00o0 8  ycpoetKS' a'vy)p t2Y 4ObaX/oJ'OctZ'77
r/LZevos~ Cv OKOW-t/, xCvJYYW&v e7tL oivovac 7TovTov,
TOO-O-V C71tLOpWO)GKOV~t oEWoV  k?-~i,XC?t77wot.
OTEX 6-re  Tpot'77v  oP'V 7,ro7a/w 're (OPTE?IXt Poazs':~l'ct/L? cvtVI3aUXXeTov 9786 -/CaiLtav~po09,
E'VO' '+W77-01 E1o'riyoe Oea.t XEVKWctXvo', r/Hpq      775
Xi'a-ac' ~ oyxE'(OV, 77rEp'b 8?7epacL 771vV xcv
ToFGtoV    ' //3OcTU7p  a4J  ~ct' LVTELX  Ve'/1&co-Oazt.
atv~pa'oTtv 'Apysciw aLe/ltevat,aectaviat.
a  OTE056  1 fJ' 'tKatvov o0t, 7XcFTOt Kcal aptcTTot  780
gjrTao-av, 4f4l /3i'cqv JlOut4'cs', tiwwo8a4toto
17OVC-cO)vi o4 L/ca7rpowo-tv, mw,) TEoeosou  Xawragvo'
EPOaZ G-7aYa-?'uoe Oea' XevKcc)XcEV~ r/Hprl,
rTEVTOpt eto-aluevy /JLe-/X1;Topt, %aXKcEoo/CW)        785
O' 70 8V at3PaoX', "oo     aLX-XoL 7EVT?7KovTaL
AIUOJ, 'Apyedot, lcabc' AEXlyXEa, et~O  aypo
oqpa.LEZvJ E; 7rO'Xe/J.tv 7-aXEJ-KCETO 3tov 'AytX~ct',,
OV67TOT6 Tpwec? wrpo n-zruadov Jap~avtatwv
OLXIJEC'1OK   KELVOP yap E '8to-av O5,3p/S   C/Xo       790
vuv E~9 w6Xos' KiXq7S E -t Pnqvc~ t -ao~t
t  VG   COTVV/J.LCVO~' Kat PUP  EKaJTov.
w/hzle Ath~ena rouses Diomede to euaein combat withi Ares.
Tve  8 ' J7'wopovac Pea yAam57rntq 'AO,'i
EVpE     TOPV 7y aL'vaK-ra 7i'ap' Lt77TTOILJtP KatOXc
aXOS J   v~iXovTa, TOc 1-tv 8aXE Ha'p3apos' i(O;.
Ibpaos ryap,ttw eTEtpev l57r-\ 7rXaTeO' 7TXa/,tPovo




130


130            ~~~~~~I A I A A 0  E.


aO7TeSO9EVKVXOV  7 T  elpWE7o, IC'J V6 8  XeJa
au  t' o-xcov T`EXautwvca KeXatvec5k  alpt' adwo4OpryVu.
0777ELOv 86' Oca' ~u-yov' 9pj'CTO (fwc'V?7OEV TE.
Shze begins by repiroaching herfavorite as Zess couirageous than his
father, Tydeus.
'H  O'Xi'yov o~t 7ira1a E'OlKO'Tc  yeivatTo Tv~set;.    Sco
Tv~cv' -rot [lulkp    /-Lev c17v     axa14y7r?
Kcal p OTC 7TEp [UPt E7&JO 7T-oXGE/Itt,`LV Ovwe Eciao7O-'o
01)3  E K77at~a' o-tv OTE 7' `)XVuE v009L1v 'A~atJ.'
dy-yeXos '; 19   wa; ioXeas' ILeTa Kauct'wvawcz,
&attvvo-Octt /itv avwoyov CmL 1[t-yupwo-tv EKXov.        8o5
a T p o Oupo~v cW       '01) KcapTEpov, con To 7wposq 7',rp,
KOVpoV? Ka3IJuE&WY 7rpoKaXt'E7o, 7r(LV~a ~3 ' Wc
[P'77t810Y;  70/17 O 0 -1(DyV 67wt~capoOo' n?)a].
CO,                     7.3 7i Tot,,Lev Eywt 7ra~pc 0  utc-a/1L  17e fv'Xa00cc,
Ica t a- wrpocfpov/a;~ K/ccxo[Uz  TpcEGt IFtcxeo-Oa      8io3
aJxx4t CCU q7 Icat,/t4aTO~ 7roXVuat  yu~a, 83"icv
17 VV CcE 77OV &EOS' L0,yEL ai~Cqjptov- 0?) 0-v ey ct7aT
Tv35o~ tiKYovJ`s- Eo-ct &3i`~povo,~> Obvei.3ao.
Dionmede reminds hisfirotectress that it is because of her frohibizion that he refrains fromi comnbat with the gods.
T'>.3' J~a~ta t,~3o0 EVO~ 7rpoG-47 fr K paTEpo\? AtoAL7b7?
~/7Wc7/CCc)(  Outa, Ovya7p ZJtO\? atlyto'xoto'           1
(I-) Tot 77rpo~00)po,)eCO EP pECO (7WO?, ov'3  C77WIKEUG-O.
OUTC Trt tt -LE 0 o  to-Xet alKJ7 9101 oUTE TL~ OICPOq,
ttX   ETt 0-EcOV,tkefuv17/at E*bT[Lzb, At? cw'7r-E7tXaq'
o1p ei'ct'a, ptaicapea-at 0eoZi~ (ZtVrTL#pu,aiXec-Oat
T01     XoLa   a ap Eb Ire 4t    Ovar      '      to3T77  820




IAIAL0`O`- E.


'3'1


EXOqC' '1 7FO'S "'.91V, 7 7V y' CVTU'7(1'C  '46 X"
roucr  7W) LT? '    av~~cJ.,2      IcE  a\ `\Xov?
'Apyet'ous  ICE1%, A v~ct adX4*sevat cVO063 7wa'v-a5~
Athena not only i-evokes this Prohibition, butfiro;;ises her aid iaz
Pzers on.
T~v 13?7,LctI3c7l WC`TCL7 OECa yXav/CWs'7T 'AO 'vct 825
Tu8ct'13r7 Jt0'jz7)7eS, E/kL K'leXaptlO-JEve ov~zwo,
-or e oc  y' "A 07tT    e1ct3~     I7E7       aX~i
a'Ova'6ov 70117 TOL E7ICOV E77tTa~pp'oSo', EL/L.u
dxx'~y'~w'"Apq E 7rpcT E'    E   -tcovuyczc; tvwov3',
TzJ'.roV 8\ oYXe&?7v, [11738 aleo Ooi'pov "A pqac         830
TV70T  /CVo/LICVOV, T ITV     CKV   UXXovp 'c-aXXQv,
i-7rpTPr77 v bt v        IctE  at t'p  ITU  (7pVCOZ)
Tp Woa-,uaX 'o-EoTOat, a-rap 'Apyet'otw-tv (Ipr4Lv,
Vi~ V3 /LETaL TpceaoT~v o~LXAt, 7(071 83 E'   a~&
She takes the Place of Sihenelos, and together the goddess and hero
aj6proack Ares.
12~ bhajtcvz XOe'vcXov (Lef) aL''7r7rWV wOCTe Xa.L&~ 3
' rXtv e'pvtca-ao   5  3' lp ~tjaweco? awopovo-cv.
713Es 134pov E/3CLLve -rczpa'I. Jtolzr-j13ea, 13ov
/OLE['-L OcJ pya 13' ~-`3pca~e (f1 717t10? a~
/3t 7oiv  13etLV1  yap ayev OCOZ) `v1pa 7r a~pttYTov.
Xa~'ETO &3 fUao —tyla.'ca4 71ivac ITaXXas' 'AO~v'p)V      840
auTrlK' ECT  "A pq  7TpC0',rq E`XE /Iw'PvXas' 7t7Tv?.
17 T-Ot 0 /LCVp HT~pI'bav7a 7TEXCOpopbo  E~Eva'pt'cv,
AlITWXCov 0X' a~t-o. OXqo7t'o a(LyXao'v Viol)
70ov pLLv "A p177 EV1Lpt~e /lC11(/oovo? (laVTap 'AO'7207
13Dv' "A t3o,' lcvv'jv  /u Lw t[1ot o/t3pqtjos' "Apq       845




1 3 2


132            ~~~IAIAA0OZ  E.


Ai -es leaves the coij6se wizich lhe is desfiodinw0r a id la unch es h is spiear
at Diomnede; A theica tuinis the sficar aside,
'd2,-3 t"86 /p0TOXOL~y0S "Apyc~ Jio~zs~ca 3&ov,
'roe 6~  HspiaVTa 7TEXop1op auJ o      caoce
KJ eOat., QO   T&TP     TLOVEaLVVTO OVIIv
a~rt   6 i3) 0   tO6  /Jouuo      17Tr04Lto
oi  'OTE 3jo-Xe8OV?Jcflal  '7T' aXX )Xoo-tL)Uv E9   8o
'np~oaev `Apq~? &'pE4aO' &77rcp ~V'uy'V 75r'a 0' t'7777WV
KCa   O7    XEPt Xat3ovoca Oca' yXaVKWWIS'AOt     r,
wcrEv vw' EKC &Spow    E'TW'GtLOZJ   qa
but so seconds Diomiede's cast th~at lie wowids Arcs,
AEvTvpo, a5O' (op.ia'TO 1'3O17 (1a009o\ Atolu '77,    855
C-YXEZ XaXKELP() E7TEIpEW-E 83c IHaX~a 'AO~i
V~ctaTOV' Cs~ KEVeW~pa, o50i ~oMJvJK-ETO /LL~pIJV77    /.tV ouTa T~LV, &a, &: xp'ct /caXo~v C8a~ev,
EK   & \  opv c-wao-ev aVl)T?.  6 3' 8 i' gpayc Xa'Xcco~ `Apys,,
0o-0-OV) 7  EIVE(aLXLXOL E77-iaXov 7) 83~a~XtxOL         86o
aVepsP EleV 7TQXE'/-L(p ept~a. ~uva7,oVTES' atp?70'2
Tou)  3  ap     UrO\ Trpo/O'1o- EL\~c 'Axtatou' —r TE INO"? Tre
8eectV'aTa9 TOJOOV ~/3paX' `Apqs J'To~ '7Vo?4ow.
whzo dscise —,i -sfroim the battle-feld, Passing throuigh the clouds to
OhyuI/Aus,
O'i 3' Kv~cfJ-cI EpE/3cvv17 ca,baVCTat a"ip
Kav)/LaTO?,    a~ cLELL  3uo-acto; 6ppvziLv010,86
-ToLO; Tu~si3,q Jtol-k'Sei xXa'co~? `Apql
OaitveO' 6h',uov veo'eccov t16 ci, ov~papov Ev~pvv.




IAIAAOM E.


'33


Kapw7aXi'/so&)i. 3' L'Icave Occ~w c~o9~, at'7 v'v "J~vf.Lwov,
7ap   86 lit.t Kpovi'Ow  KaOC,~cEro Ou/pkov a&xc'o~v,
cSEL~IE) S' a"1J.J5P7oTv aTI-4a, KaTatppcQv e~ (it)TCA7X11jl  870
Kat. p          0X  v7tcvs rcwa 7I-7CPacv~a. wpo0?ov-ct
where lie tells li/s woes to Zeus,
ZED 77-aLT-p, Ou' vetctq opwOv 'rate6 KapTrcpa' c~p-a;
ac7otptLo7U7ac Oeot 7'r7TX7O'TCE~ E'/J4c'V
acx?)X~oXV l6,rn-pt Xaptv dv~pcu-t ~Gpovlres.
a'UTE I"xOc~OVauyp            EE'     povca KOv7, 875
oi'Xo,us'v~qv, ' Tr at'Ev adija-vXa cipy'a 1.,EIuXc
a"XXot /E) Iya~p 7WUaVTEI, OcTOLO OCOI GIG-' eV) 'OxV[
a-al Tr E77rLWELOOvTaI KaLL &   1O]tca  E`KCa(YTo3
TavT7,-V    OV"T' EWEL  TpoTL/3cXXcat OU"TE T& ~E"p-y(,
aLXX' alvtEZ,, E'wa aVITO\~ GryelVao 7rjaz' ai43ijXoz     88o
i) vv Tu8Elo,; v[6CV, Vi7wcpcfiaXov Jtofc1l'ca,
btap~ya vctv Jve7yccv c 7w"'' JOcvw4Totct Ocoa-tcr.
KvvtaItcLv wrpc)oro  a-XE80\V OV"TaG-c XEip  E77- Kap/7Tt~0
avrap EWELT    av-rtc pLot cWE(9-UTO7 &Z'L[oV& 'ta-o'r
a   aXL /1~'ipetvccav -ract  E9 To~3eq.?) 7  KG 8bqP Ow  885
aVTOV W7/I~ZTc7Ta0yov eV aiviia-tvv VE  cacE-t-,
w~hio at first s/hozs little symiiiathiy,
Tov 8' a~p uwo76'pct L&V 7rpOa-Et.7? vEOIcX?7IY~pGTa ZciY
fLL? TL tILota JX,opoo-cXXe Wape MofLE7JQS'tvo, [-LLJvpL~c.
e"XOIO-7T09 8c- /.LOi C'C-a- OCCLWP, O'b "OXt,7Z77ov "OVaCtLv  890o
aict. yap -rot epLS Tre SbiXql WO'XE/-tI` Te,aXat TEc.
A7?7TpO, Tot /.LCvoS Ca-Ttv) aLac-XE~oV, OVIK CWELKt~/TOV,
rIP?~-TV Ict\V E"Y&\ 0-7oV8by 8a'lkvvi1  EWEcc-G-tv.




'34


IAIAAOZ E.


7(0   0   OtC0  K 7L?7   T U O  a c-X ctv   E V VC J-1r1cY(V.
aX\X   01) ta  0-,  ET,,t  (~qp02J av-,~ j- t a$O /X4 ( \7   eXop-ra-  C
ec  'Yap  E/,LEv  y/cvo~?  ccc,  c/ol~t   c7  7c ZiCLTO  JLT?)77p.
TrE )  E~  aX-\Ov  y6  OEcO-v  yeve   6xw  Ito os
KCL& icev 3'  w~aba 7'jOa evc:PT1EpO~ Ou'pavtwovwv.
but at Zeizgt/7z comiezazids Pa:oiz to heal kis wozuids.
'f2~ c0-Lo, Kal Hcatiuov' aco>'letv ii~oaoOat
7(0  (  E'77  H atwjcov   'S3up   "O aTa   (/ zpfl-a  ia   77U(T0-Z go90
[i1CE&7ar  ov  /ktEJ  yap   7t, KaTaOLY17TOS  y  ETETV uC70.
(3) OT' 7Ov O- ya-Xca XisUKO'v evevy'lOlcv0, O-UVC'7r7j~ev
Vy OV  CO,  uX a   (3   Jo/ca   7rcp  Tp ([cTa t  K UKOC OP I
co  a~pc Kcap a       t/CO  il-aTo Ooi~pov "A p'a.
TrOv  3   H    XoVJep,  XaopLcvTcta   EL/.arT   ca-cc-,  9c3?ra~p  86'  Jt't  Kpovl'wvt,  KUca ~e T0  V3  yaeaw.
A t'  (3  L 7VtL?  7poS',  (3CO/La   ZWLOS  [teyA ~oto   ve'OVTO.Up~q  ApyEL  KU ic ' A~ 3c/  e    'A O~vi,
w7av~ctaoL f3poToXoLy/oV "Ap qw aVP(3OKTao-taiwv.




THE ILIAD.


BOOK VI.
The Aclhaeans retain (lie advaizta~qe. Tlzegods having left thze~feld,
various clieftains sgaietizemuselves; among, them Ajax, LDiomea'e, Odysseus, azud Againemnion.
TpCOW  &  oLOb')'   Kal 'Axatc-w ~i'Xovt, at'vq4
74-0kXxa 6' ap' C~v~a Ka't EPO' t~tuo-e /'-aXq vcoo
a~xx~;xow ti~lO)Ueovwv XaXec?7pca &0ov a,
/.4cO-0-77lyv  YtL/0CVTQ,~ Mbe Sd4av~oot p6oa~cov.
A'a   6   7rpOJTO, TeXa/IJwvbO~, CPKos~'A~uv
Tp ~w v/pqe 0tllXayya., ~b6co1 6' E-TaipoUtct c[v~
ap~pa /3aXcov, ok a~pto-T0S, E'pt opp7CCcTot T(TVKTO0,
v1`~ 'E~oochpov, 'AiecanrLpr'   V 'r    yciT.
TOv (   E/aXe Wrp(5)TO1 KO'PVOOS' oaiXOP 17WWo~aoJEU7?J
Ev 86E /IE6TOW77p, 77T9~, 7r-eP?70E6 6  ap' OOTIOV ECWtcco 1
a~~p) xaX 17t' TOP 6e OKOTOS' oo-o-c
"A 4vXov 6' ~p' Ae'/WEov  feo7zv  ya',aO\, JloujLq'&q
T~eu~pavt'817v, o', EcLE  ELcLLv     v 'APLt'o13
',.~ ~~,1         '        /tc
17v~( ya\p OLXECJKEV o oi c E7T toLK[i rat~ov.             1
a''~'Ol Ov TtlS TlrWJ 7El TO'T?]PIECEE NVIypO\V 5XtiC Ov
-7TpcoOOE  i57,prtavica9~, (LXX' a`i4ow Oul-tow adwipn Vpa,
aTOP KatOp7O         a Ka-xrotov, O5, p~a TOO' tL77r7ro:!
eo0cEP Vo'qV7OXOI   TC&) 6' q`/Lbco ya-tazi e6vTqlv.




136


136            ~~IAIAAOM Z.


ZJpi')a-ov 3' Ei'p VaXoq Katt 'O~EXTWV e~,Vaip t cE     20
I']) 8  [PET' A t"oywIov Ka't II46ao-ov, ovh  70l6vOTE 7
vwq  'Ai3apflapE5? ~rbc' a1141v'l-z   BovxoXI'WLJL.
BouxoXt'wv 3' v5v vt'o'i adyctvov- AaoAE3o VTO~?7tpccT/3UTaTO'? 7evef/, cYcoTtoP 3e c 7civaTO -LrT1p'
wroqjsdVwv 3' e7r' O`CO7-J /1Lt'y)) /xXOTy7TLt E, VVq,:25
~ 3  WOKVa/.Lv?7 3L3V/Laove 'YE'VLO7EL
KcL /V  TC     WXVJ-e I.VOS Ica' /c'ipL /a yu'a
lI7LT7a3?S   a       (D)[LWV TEVXyeECXL
'Ao-TlvcaXov 3' a~p 6`7ECVE /,LLVEWrTO'XC/tOS IIOXuw-o~t?7.7
IL3 V'TfV 6' '   VO-uo-e~ HEPICCO-iOv CeVa't~pcV          30
CYXEK xalk~ice',, TeDlpys 3' 'Apisradova Mmov
'AVTtiXoXos~ 3' "A/3Xyqpov E'v?7patTQ t3OUpI bacLEwv'
Nco-Top(3rp', "EXarov    a~ va~ a'tv~p~w 'Aya[l-timovw
vawc 3& -~caTWOEVTos EUPpeLTao- 71-lp l )X~aL?
HIr/3ao-ov ct'vtW~vi'v  c iz',Xa~ov 3' AXe A 'i-os' ]W7    35w
cp5Iovr-OV'. Eibpi'ruXos- 8E MEXa'vOtv e~,Evaipt~v.
Mfenelaos ca/dtures A drastos, and is inclined to spare his bfte,
"A3p-Io-TOV 3' ap' ~e'wwt-a /3oqv a-ya6o's Mcv~Xaos
W- LWWCO rf/Lp Ot' a'TV~O/LECVC0 7E681O(O,
O1~t) CIIXac~         Iv~vp     IyvO     aJc
lil)T El) '7Tp~~~~~~~o~~p p-vptt avrt& 1vE/,r7
CMp0   7rOXLV, p 7TE6 OLcLX      AT'o/LvQ aOp3VT
au~os' 3' E'lc 61q0pot  77-apa\ TPOXO'V e~C/MVX(70'
7rpsV71 eV K07)yT,70IV EW7L 0-To/Lca.?rap 3e, otl Co0-y
`Arpei3&q' Mevc'XaoQ7  ~XO~v 8oXtXoKO'(/IV cYXos'
"1A 6p?7o-T-os 3' a~p E"77TEL  Xai8(1\v AVL~EO7OVJ.        4
Zao'ypet 'A'rpe'os! vt'c, oi)\ 3' a`~a 3'eat a"L'Wotva.
7oXXa' 3' bv a'fwetoV 7a-lpo\, KEL/aXta KEErat,




IAIAAOZ Z.


'37


XaX E'    T      E PGG"7  7TONV'K/J1'?70T~ TE alt877P0q,
TCOW KeI To Xaptcat~ 7TraTT a7repeLJ-t avrotvct,
ELKEL E/LE ~a)OV 7srE7TJOL  EvrL Pqlvo-tv 'Axtcov.      50
'Q2 qoc'70, TzO' 3' a~pc Ovl-ov E'VL EYTJ)OE-cYLV E7rCLOE.
KcLL 3ij /LLV TaX  EJ&XXe Ooa4 e'7\ mjiac 'AXaLJJ)V
3WCOEt ga ) (O' 0paTovrt KOZcaZaqelev. aXX) 'AyaA-4vowm
vt~os q7Xe OcOwv, ca~t o0/-tIOK)J]aS Wq?U
but Aqamemnton 's taunt leads hili to relin quisht his thouglit uf
wuercy.
'f2 7we'ov, JO Mev'XaCi, TL qJ 3e' Oi) Kn?)3a ECU  70UT   55
a73pw~v;?) 0oo\ AptO-7a 7TC7wot?)7at KatTa otKov
wrpoq Tpocoir mw 7,iaj( TV? VWeKcoV'yot aiwbU\v 'XcOpov
Xctpa9~ 0                   OlLTpS  ~30)TV~  7c7tva  L)T)
KOVpOV) EOV7aT   P c 0et, Ioj3' 8 q 0tyot, AXX  JimL wavi7-es
RIXov EcTa7-oXo'aT2 a'1Iey~ETOt Iealt aL~vbctVTL.6
'V3Eb'7-TCt  cT-pc*E#v (a3EX'JetoOU4pc'vas~ 27'Pa)9
ato L-t/i  Ti-apE7ctw.( 8  a 3'  o\~ COEV C~oJCTaT  XUtPb
rpco               707)a-ov   K/v9\ELpO)v 'Ayap-IF.vwOv
OVTa KcaTa                            ETXawa'p?)v- o 3' alvE-paWT' 'A Trpei3?)9 q  6
Xa~ el) 0T11?OEct /3a4 s'cv&aoc /ctEt/Xtov cnxo'~.        65
NE'ow-wp 3' 'Apyclotw-v I)EK~e-rEo /LtactPolv ao~-aq.
NXestor exhorts the Greeks not to turn aside for spoil, but tojfr/low
itb thmepursitit.
'12 cOifXot {jpwE9 Aavao/, Oyd'vo7)TES "A pq79,
/.LI7 TL9 POP! Eva 6OW fEjt/3aXXO'/JE7)09,LETOVWLYO
[t(L"7)eTCO, (0) KE 7FXELtO-Ta ~C'5pwv EWL, 7)~/aq LtK?7Tat,
a&XX' a7)3pa9 KTiVOJ[Etv~o.~   EW~ELT-a 3\ mat  a\ eK17xoL  70
VEKPOv9~ alk 7WE3L' 07)UJX?)jETEc TeovqcwTaV~.




138!3S              ~~~AITALOI  Z.


A nd the Trojans wzild kave been driven within thewalls of Tr-oy,
h~ad not He/envos app~ealed to A cizeas and Hector.
`f2~ ECl~rW) cj')rpvve plvbos zcat Oul-tov &cuorrou.
ev~a Iccv ai5'Te Tp63es, a'p?7~k/Xwv ~'wr' 'AXab&wj
"IXtw EL'cavE/3?Joav avcXiceu'cxt 8ayLvES',-e~
U /k  ap' A    Ivk  ~ez   'EKTopt el4Te?-apau-ah       7
Hfpzaput'4z~ tEXepo,~, oL'wvo7'r6Xav 6yX' aipzo-ro~r
A   TEe'  treKal 'EXTOp, EWE-L 7TOV0I~ V(L~t/ /IkAWt(Ta
TpOW~ KcalAw'v E~/ce         Tat, o 'veK'alJO
7ir cav Ew  tOX EOTE    /a     b~a TO cfp   etv Te,
0- 7/T  au TOv, Keat X\aO~v IE'pWCaIKETe 7cpO mrvXa'ov     8
7rav-TI7 E~otXoijLevot, Wptl) alT  ev' XEpJL yIuvatKoil
eb vyow~as' 7r-0CEJECV, 317L0to-b 86 Xapya yvev-Oab.
avJTap EWTEb KC (fa'Xayy-as~ EWQpV7TOOP'?7V aiW(LoYa,?
77ftet /ev JacvaoEo-L fpaX?7JO/,lsO' av'OL /iELCV0T'TE,
Ka,iXa TetpO'levol 7rep' aLvayi~catVI7  p e7r~ieL      85
He begs Hfector to go to the city, and du-ect the iatr-ons to suzpphicate A tlieza.
`1El~p, a(saap (7?)~ 7T0fXtv(O IJETEP XCO, CL'7TE  E"WELTa,kT  b077) Ketoty  2 3    Va~a       7ep a t a
vrjq5v                       S~'AO)jvabtp ryXav/ccow77t8o- 'V?7r0'XE a~lcp?7,
o~tocra /c.X?7btOtasipo&4w?r7tEXov,;ot' 8oICCet XaspLEJOTaTo? ij E /%E-O7L0T0      90
ELvaC Ev Olit /yLp(t) icat ot 7joXU\ OLxTCaTO, av'Tq
Oe~vab 'AOqval'7p; Ji' ryoviaaov ijvlco~ioto,
Keai ot V7-oX~0ab t-voxcai~lca ~8ob;~ E'vb Pqw
'Iv?'tS lcEcYTa,3 IlpCUJ-EfLCv, a6 IC EXOYJ 7
acYTv) TO Icab TpWO%.  atXo~ov? lical 10 7rtLa TeKLa,      9




r-LiIAAOZ- Z.                 3


139


at ev TvU~oc~ vlov aThco-Xy 'IX /ov ipI3^
a-lyptv atXtL27Tv, KpcarEPOV   o7)wTCpa 4/3oow,
Oiv 8Y Efct   ca'pTtO-Toi 'A~atc~ov 0b77bLt y6ve~oI9at.
o'8' 'A~Xtci' 7woO' C'86' ry' E&'&8ev,8 o'p~aliov cev  "V 8pcidV,
3v 7rr~p Oja-tL O~a~c't9e4~?fL/svav  aX  0   X/yv            0
bpatVTat, ov~'86' TlS' 01 &UParat /1-k09o ta-ocfctpiEtv.
Hector com7iziies,hlaving~first ralZied the Trojanis andexhzorted them'
to courage during his absence.
eXf~  aO', e/EKTCOP (3  0) 'TL KaowyvrTco a~tw1qOioCV.
avrtlca (3 6'~ OcXOVW CTLW TEV"XEc-tP a'XTO XaF.ta~'e,
'7CXwv (3    W~a (3oup    KCTC  (TpaLTOV (%eTo TraVTp
o-pivwcv Iyaxeao-Oat, ye"'epe 8E\ ObiXowrtv atviqv.       105
1 (3' E"XEX'XO)o-aV Ka~t 'VaZJTIoL E.Y'Tav A~
'Ap~ydEot (3' vwEcXOp?7o-aP, Xtay 86\ 00voto,
OV/8'v &TtV' adOava'TWV E'    ov'pavoD' aOGTCPOEVPTOT
TpwGxlV tAX4)croVra KcaTCXOE/J.k6P    C0 E'Xc'XtXOEV.
'EKTCOp 86 Tpcl'Eoo-7tv EiccXEro /tLaKpolv a'voaq-          HO0
(00~v~rEp~v~ TlJ7,XC/cXctT-ol 7r E'7tLIKOVpOt,
aVEpC9 eO-TE, fHXot, pCVnjG-ao-0e 86 Oot'p(3o~,' aXK7i1,,
o     aip elyw, /3E'r) 7TpOTLt "IXtwV  18\ r& yepovowt
EL7TW /ovUXevT7O-'t Kalt 'q/LETCPfl9 aXoXotc-t.
(3a 4 oo-aW Jp-ao-Oat, V'7woo-X6'Oat (3' CKaTo'/1/t3a9.
The combat continues during Hector's absen Ce, but with diminished
flay, and oAportunify is givzenjfor quieter scenes. Epiisode ol
Glaukos antid Dionmede.
aX2~~pa cfOwv~j4aa~ ave,83q topvffat'oXos~ 11EK-rwpp
a/A4l (e buyv o-Ofvp A TV'7tTE Kal azuXe'za 83E'pp~a,cetaczov,
6VV~   ~rvJI.za'Tf 0OEEV a'07L0wl( o9 jU~aXo6'o —fl9.




140


IAIA,&07, Z.


TXa"Kov~ 8' 'Ivr7oX6oXoto 7raq, Kal Tv8Eoq vi~q
6  /L&00v aJLobOrepowv auc'TVv  ~lI /.efjuacTe -La~eOaOtz.  120
Ot07 "'TE j cr~c80v?)0caL E7T' atXXXotutLv LO'VTE9~,
TOYw wrpTEp0I~ WrPO0tYEEW  30r\)V c'yatO', JtogI IIS
The etisode begins. by Diomnede's question "1who Glankos is? "for. lie
will not Presuvi.Ptzouisly eng,,ag-e in combat wi//i gods.
Tzl~ 8E a-  EoC0ct 0SPtcTE KcaTaOv?77-'oV av0pWnrw0V;
ot~ ~v  yp wo~r'6'wwwa    g v  iuavet'py,
TO 7TpIV  a ap fLE vC VP'Y 7ro LI 'JpIE/3?fa    tavrow    125
(13o Oa'p7-Et, 0' 7  ELOP 03XXO  eO yXos' e/Lctva9~.
&,0TW7V0,V 3o' Te 7ra-?fcsq 4jua' ILEvO  aVTtO(O0LV.
769 cLaVUTOW        ye KaT    ovpavou eX)o~9
0?J3  yap  8vE\ Jpv~avro9 vW9-, KcpaTCpO9~ AwcOPYOq    130
(3i> q'v, b'9 — Pa Oeoto-tv c~woupaviotw-tv e'ptev.
09~ 77TOTE ILatvol-tvoto Atowvvo-ot rTOqjvas~
OVjX K6T 'i   0c~ov Nua-'ov    at' (3' '/.a '74~-a-L
OGOXa xuaIl ca~iexevav v7T- av3po~o'vot       Auicotp you
0,tvO/SCVa~t f8ovwrX',Iyt  JtW'vvao~  (3' 0c8-o/3 \1O1s   135
U(3TEO' actxo\ Kca-a' Kv-1.a, (e'Ttq (3 bWE&.'CT0 ico'Xwe
cS~tzOTa- 1paTCp0\s' 706,0 e"   TPOfLaO9 aV(po\~09 -O/LKXy
43 IIE /672)EWT 03uJaVTo Oeol P5eda ~a)ov-rcq,
ical i/6W  Tv~fXOl) C'OqKe Kpo'vou va'E  ouoS  ap' e"T& 81v
EWv,7le aOO6aTOtcr.tv)a  aryOT     IT~7  ELLJ            40
''aii cE70A) 1-taca'peo-76 Oeot^ IOIXouIjLt,Xctc o-Oat.
EL 860 Tz'S cG0J6 /3p070w), o-If JO'sPoz7pj',ap7ov~ c`8ovC~v,
d0a-O '10, 60 cev Oa'a-ro-o 3'XLOpov velipaO' '$ic~at.




IAIAA0OZ Z.


'4I


Glazikos re/ines, commineiing with the wonde~fzilly beautifd simile
iu whick mnankiuid are compfared to the leavcs of the forest.
To'v (3  aviA' I7r7-ro'XoXt0?Tpoo-I7v'a  frcuvIqto,? vlCO'
Tv&cI(3r; /LE7(LOV/Jtc, rTI 77 yevE771) epcpEVcLS';           145
0(77 7r~p. O~AXWiV 7EVe7] 70177,    KcLLc' 'vp-V
O/~XXca -C'.Le'v T' a~vc/JkoS Xa.a', Xe       a"X-Xa 83' 0' V'X7
Tr77XeOOO)0-a O/V'et, e~apoq 8' E'Vr~yi"yzJEat Cop?7
&)al' pc)V 7EVE77    tk'V~l pcEt, 77    aw7joXr/'yet.
et (3 EOXLc     KCLTVC       3L7L~L       cp   EUE     q31    150
Sisy~hzos of C~orinth was his pirogenitor, the father of IBellerofihonl,
whose exploits are mn 'tionzed at length, andhow he was sente to
Lykia anitd settled th ere.
"Eo-"  7'7r6Xt9 'Eq~7    ~,     "A pcos' 1='rn   0-o3roto,
ev~a   3e' V.,'G7vcJoS IEOaKev, 0 Kep(3tc7T9 ryeVeT, a'v(pwjv,.Ietov40o  AL50xt'83y'r 5 (3'pa Fkai3Kcov TrE'KE' vI'OP,
aurap FXAti3Ko-9 e"TtLKTeZ altviovca BcX'XcpoO5VTtqV-         155
T)(EOco\ K aXXoq Te   calt 7vope77v EpaTeLv77v
wwrao-av. aura p Oi Hp oLTO91 KaKa aJ-r/0aT0 OVpac'
09~ p              eK&~tu6Xao-oecv, E7eLt 7roXU' Oc/PTcPO9??]EV,
'Ap'yclaW- Zeu9~ ycp ot vvro      0-c7C777Trpp Ee~c'ao-cTe.
TrO) 86\ eyvv? Ji1polroV E77-E/Jrjva7-o, &' "Av-rccta, i6o
apVW   7     6 ~bXTq T  /LL y77l /VLV  CLXa a TOP OZ) T&
'ircJO' a'yaOa' OpovE'ovra, (3a!,bpova Bc-x-xpocJOzrrqv.
y  6 *c IPvo-a/LE'v7  Hpo~t-rov I3ao-Aj~a 7Wpoo-eji(
TreOpati71, Ct) HpoFT', 77j KaKlct-ve BeXXcpo~O'vT77v,
O; /I EOEXE1J OfJXT'77TL ptLyI7/.LcvaL OVIC E6kOEXOO77. 165
co obc'ro, 7-O'V &3 alvaicTa yXos'o' Xa/3ev, O~l) aK0VOe,




142


142             ~~~IAIAAOZ- Z.


ic7etvai 4zv /' aX mve, ce/3ac~ca;7 yTap ~-r eye Ov'cD,0
7r2/47rwe 81': /,zv Auwc5'7vPS, w6pev 8' O" ye o-'ya-ia Xuypa,
CL' tLYI~t7TTICTOJ Ou~ft9D07pa 7-roXXc
_-7at 8           COVCO7L  ewV 9e p co', Oc ~p  aWXO6.   7
avtjap 6 8;T) Auxt'17vo'  Oiewv V'7w aJfLL'/uopt volJkry.
a(\XX  OT 876  AuKLJ7Z) ~  '. 'POo2) T cOZT
-rpoc~povE'W' )tv -r~ev aivaz~ Audys~q cu'pct(1?.
a  ore71 8q' &4/CLLT)7 CbLLY7 pO8O8UJiCTLJXO?270,       7
Ka', TOTE /1LLL EpSCtV6 I 'I7TES c)/lZa  t S -Oat,
0TTIb (a ot yap43poto?7rl'4a Hp~oouzoto  jE'pouro.
airTap eWet 8)7 O7/k KaLicol 7,TLpe~Sz~cLTO yayLL/pov-,
WPc2JrOV [L'V '~a X4 -ztpay ' a[L6LL/Ic'CTV CK1E'XCWTE'
'7rp004h6 XCVW, 0O7TLEV 86\ 8paLKWov, I0e~ 77 &c x(iatpa,
86LVo\ 01! (WOWVEovO-c 7Tupk FLkVO alOo.Levoto.
Ka 7171! /JLEv KWaTWECJ)VE OecWv 76ptiec00  WO7rtqoY9.
0Tvepov av)  oXv~Lotct FLLXqo-aTo Ku~aX!/LOwcr
IKap TLOt 07Z V  T17V ye- ao 86,J-tevat avp6v              8
TO0 7-p LTov a v KaTc7TEcfPEV 'Aa~a~'o6vc  aVrtavetpat9.
TOc 8   "p  av(XV oW() 7rrvILvo~v 80Xov a"XXov ub"atvEKpivcas' hc A ulct',qE~? EL179 cfii7?  w~a; aLptUoVro
CILTE x0OxOv  T 70  8' o0} 7L -7TCaXLtV OucoWIS VCOVTO'
a7razrl Ta9 ~p Ka;TEW-7CJ2VeV aaCloY  BeXX6pocf$VT?79.    I90
ore 0'T  8q 71tyvola-1e OCOL' yO~vQv 97'u'V CO''TaX,
alUTO6) [LW KGaTEPUIC,, 8LOQY0V  0 y"e tOvyc7e'p a 271v,
8&OKCS8   01'T/A~/a-X7~s         7L0    7TaoJ?7S
Kat /1ev 0 Atviutot, TE/.Cvoi' Ta/Loll c~~o  1axxw,
KaXO\P OfVTaLXvL)79 K(at a'pov'p?7J9 oc~pc vJ/L0tITC,     193




IAIAzAOI Z.


'43


Bellerophkon left three children, one of whom, IH.,j5o/ochos,, was
fat/icr of Glaz/mos.
CH8 TEKCE rnpia 'rtcva 8aiebpovt BeX3\Apo~ObJv7~1
Io-7aP(3pOl  re Kcai I-7rTofXGxov~ Kcat Aao&4'~Lcav.
Aa93a/-e1'y I.E  V.apee~co a7 tie1t'6a Z;, —'6"8'ETC/C  'PVT' op I'Clpw-78'vca XctX/coKcopvrYT7 -a'XX' O"TE 87 Kc/a KcELvo  a'77ilxOE-r 7waot Ocoo-t'1v,     200
2)Tot 0 Ka77- 7TrE&'oV T' 'AXo 'EOV 79 atXatTo
OV OVUO\iV KaTE'SCwv, 7Ta-roV JvOp[0wwv a'Xeefv6Ov.
"Io-av8opo 8e' ol vt'o~v "Apw aTO- -7-xeC/.Lot0
/.ktpvcaeUVov.Y'o-xi,,14to-t IKaTEKCTave Ku(3a-X/l1tOL0-t,
l-r'v 86\ xoXwoJa/uL'v1 yVpvo-vto? "ApTCJLL' E/C~a.         205
'rI7-0'xOXO   8' C"JI' E"TtCTE, Kcat c/C Troy 0717~t ycve-o-Oatu
7Irrf1AJTe 8-1 Ia E~ Tpot57v, I~cat fLOt /L~~a 77TQxx &7TCTCXXEV
a    v  t(Lp7TTVEtV icat Uw7c~lpo)xOU e/-qL.evatbe   a`X\VDL,
/73ycivo0? WcLT-epCoL ato- uvEfLev, 01, /-LE-/ apto-Tot
Ev 'i-'    V 1 'Ej 7p EVOZVTO I~ca  Cv Avicip Eupslty.      210
Tav~r~ Trot 7cvcij~ Tre Kca at/IaTO? euXo/lat elvctt.
Diornede joyfully recognizies that guest-friendshif5 existed between
Bellerojizkon and Qinezis, his own grandfatfher.
a CT0, yOyqo-cv 8) 1oi'v a'yaO6,; Jto/L81S
eCYXo? 1.keI KaTE7r?7)evE 77tL XOOVb 77TOVXVI3OTEC'7
auTctp 6 /LetxtXL~OLO-t 7rpoo-piv8a TroftelctEv  XaJovl
pa vv ILOt ~Ctvo0? 7TaTp&JLO   EG-CTL 7XatL'i~       215
Ob~vebq y/,,p VOIror  8t'os~ daiz"1tova BcXXepOcf'VTriv
tEvO    C~tILEapOtcotv ce1K00111v 27/1aT
0186 tcall aXX 7Xoto-t 7r 'pOP ~Etv2)Li KaXa'
OlvEv" /-cv   ~Wcrri)-pa &38ov cOotvztKt Oactvo'v,




'44


IAIAAOZ Z.


BEXXepoOb6vn-fl9 8e' XpvLT-cov  3eraq '/(.4c/tKUWE7-XXOV,-  220
Icat  /LWv  e7W  KaTe'XeL7rov  if&W  ep  8aL),Luao-  C/Loio1.
T u&4ct'   3   o V  /LC/L1 7[Laat,  677CL  /I   CTL  TUTO QI)  c~oUv-a
KaL  X  baO     v   4/ q cv2   oi  r  X a',  'AXaLC2)v.
CL[L/1,  % 3'  ~'v  A Vux'T  OT   CE   COV  8~//LQV  tLKco)lat.  225
And the two heroes agree to avoid one another in combat auid e.xchange armor.
"1EyXea   3'  a'XA.ji`Xro   a'Xccof/-Oa  Ka"T  3t  O L[\0ov7WOX X O tb   [LIElJ   ya p  I  ei  KotO Tpc''n \ ~ o   E' r K O po
KTCLVCLZ) O/ (CC OE6O~ ye 77Topi7 icat 7T0(TC-t KLXE1O,
-iroXXo\  3'  a'~  o-o   'A ya ' vatpe/LCP   2  C   VCL
ITei4ea  3'  aLXX   )\otS?  ewct[Lel  4oLLCv,  6 ~pa  Kcab  02/86  230
7y;C~)TV  O"Tt  eJYCL20  7-TpCO't-OI  CUXOALC:O,  Ci PaL.
~2? apc   cf OVqo-aUTC,  Ka t7TWL  at~a v-re,
x%   tp s  7, -r X I7Ca   Xa)    T 'VI,ci  7 t Tw c -c VTO.
~C"O' au're rkavnxr Kpoyti~?7; ~pevcts' E'?CXeZO ZEi'?,
O? wrPO- TuSet'8jv Atohuibea TEU'XE al'ILCt/36          235
%pvo-eca XaXICItOjv, CeKLaTO/L/301 EL'vca/%ot')2)
A/can while, Hector has rea-chiedth/i Scaean Gates; and, after directin~g t/ie women wcho meet himl thecre to piray to tihe gods, lie hastens
onl to Priam's Palace.
" E m e co p   '   ws   ~ 'm aia   r~ e   r7 vU a   m a   ( ) 7 OV   Lica v e v,
di4t    L ct,i  T p 101 w   a X yo  OCot  ei3   O ya rp c'
CIbpo/Levab 77-az8Ua; TC tcacTryvq-Tou~ TC E~ra' TE
cat wTootar o 3' 6TEtTa, Oeot ~CU`,eaOOab aiuw'ye       240
7r   to-a,~  e$ b?   woX X ~o   ~ K 7~   V w o
O.X '0TE  81') IEptaU/LOtO  36/Lo0V  7we1ptaX-ke   iailC,
~60oTr,  aIOouGojo-t  TCTV7/LC1vov,  aur'a'p   Clv  aVUTW




I A IA AO i~ Z.


'45


7reirrrjKoir  gvecrav Oa'Xa/Lot ~,ECTO~tO XiOoto,
7,-XVq7OOl a'XXjXaO)v  3/~L7/cfVOt- E~VOa K- 7a-L3E9   245
KOI/JZeOVTO Tip aLLAoto 7rctpa fLV?70T7p   LLXOXoLJ.
KovpWOv 3' E'Te'pOOEV E'VaVTtLOt tii'o00e7 auXi~'
&O)EKC co-ay 7C01Eo OAat~c~ot ~errroio Xi'ooto,
7TX?7c7otov a'XX JXrov 3e/l/02~vC`P     3  yaaj3pol
KOL/ikJVT0 FIptU'q.oto 7rap' a.18ot'ps  aXOXO6 LV.250
Hecuba mzeets him here, and gfers him woine, diat he may make liba(ion /0 theC oods anzd drink~,.
"EvOa ol' '7wt863po,~ 'vaVi'    ~ 'bx 7eTv'rp
Acto8In'K7v EOa-aU-ovJ-a, OuyaTpl)V E78bQ" a'p1(o-r7V
E)7apa ot ODt XetLpt e7iQ,    $lad)7       oivic-a~
TbcKVOu, Tz-iwr XtVrc'V 'n-6Xq~LOV Oaiv CL`XrXovOa,;?7,L~~cL 3  ret pwrt 3ovlOVVJOt VtE  AaCOP        5,tapvalevot -,ept  0o-Tu  U'S 3' e LOJ3  Ov6  a nycv
0X~r'E     aricp?71 7roXO  JL  %Ept1($   o~cv
aXi~ at& 1    4p.i vr       sCXtr)3a oivov) 'Pe'~o
co~ o-7rewps Jtt wap'rp  Ka' `XXov~ aOavart~
7TpoA)TOV, E7TELtCL 8e',caVOIr o'Vjoc7at, atE K TMI7aOa.  260
avspLb 36 KEK/J17)&JTC [LEVOR jiE7Ca t Ovo, aLctE,
W?, TVV?7 KCECK.,tiKaS a/IvPJV JoIJtolt E77G-t.
Hector refuses die wine, but directs her to hasten with the other
nuatrons to Athena's shri ne, and to seek topropiliate the goddess.
Mfeanwhile, he goes in search of Paris.
Tbv 3''' ~EiT' gwVEtra 47'-a9 KopvOatoXe~ T'ETCOpAq/ILo oivov aetpe 1-textop/ovc 7T07Vrva /Vl)TEp,
/-I- It  a7rOyVt )X717q, /.LfiVCO;~ 3 8' ~ T  XOF~L    265
%epot 3'(LI7WT~t0'tV Att   eiat/cv at"Oo7a  ~OLVOZ
a~,opctt  vo  y EO'7Tt IeXatvEcoet Kpovtaw




146


146            ~~~IAIAAOT, Z.


at/.LIT17 Kal XIv1prp wiewcaAay1j4eVoV v EXTC~aaTOaLL.
c'tX.  o% /,u v 7rp~ 0; 75v 0   'AO~vabi;~ "Y"  E5
cpXyeo      Ouecr r  (to-xxLJtGLTLao  yCpalLW           2-70
-7TE 7TOV7 8', 053 TI~ Trot XapteGTaTo-, 71sc-A I tttTTO0
CJ7TtV evt ateyipro Kcal, Tot 7-/,)OX —oa~
TOP) Oe\, 'AOqvat'7, E'71 yoivao7tv 17uictotoL,
Kab OLt vwroo-Xto-Ot 8voKaUSC/icc /3o9', E'b  76
2vt9 yKWct ---a  tepevaoelyev, ab' K  XE 1o-in           275
ac-Tv TEKC    Tp 'rov a'XoXov3 KCL  vq97Fta TreKca,
aiKev Tu3%;o v[t'o' aJwdc-xy 'IXiou lp?;z,
aylptoi' aLX[O7T?)P, /cpcLTEPOV /LlacTwpct 0b3oto.
(LXXa\ o% V\t- cv 7wpo' Pv76v 'AO,7vat'q~ (' c-e-1el'7j;
fpXEU, Ey)8 F-Ypv b      eveXVol-Otct, c0ptL KaX-cT60,  230
at  A65Xyof ae  /
ab ICf c  C-   L77TOVTO?, aKOEsv  C)  t~ L(20,ya a Xavot /LEya yttp /1tv  OXA~O       rpe-be 7,,I ct
Tpwa  TEb7  Kai- Hptal/vtQ  ftey~aXq'Topt 70o70 Te 7Tao-tV.
EL KEWL' y`8ohtat KaTE'XOOv7-' "A'fl3o?~ Cc-i,
Oa f   Ke  PEV ar7e'pwou) Ot'Vos EKxXcXaO~crOat-   285
Hecuba, obeys f/ic comzmand of her son.
`d'f2?  a g~~', ) 88E /.LoXoloa wo  typ    ~toOTc
KEK\ETO' -r    8' a~p (loXt-crav KaT\t aTVypata.
azlT7 8' IE  Oactap.ov KaTe/3(]c-EcTO K77WEVT7a,
fv' "-a' OL' 7re7TXot 7ra/J.Jrot'KLtXot, epyct yuvacoLvL
~7iviov  't~a TO   'AX~av~po3 Oeott8                 2
k7-yatyE XytY,,PL7Oev, c'-tt7rXWO; cu'pe'a 77TOVTOV,
TV SOV %) cEXc'v?7v 7-iTEp avwyayev evvatTepetaP.
-rJov g'V' 'etpa.i'v7  eEla1437, epc 8&opov 'A40~v,
O1~ KCLLXXLWLTTOS CE7V 7otOK LA -tLv 778e\[CLcT;
2te\~ 8'co a7-e aLIE*      KLO8     v        "~? XXQW.  295
/3t ' vat, 77oX-/\a~ 88 ILETEO-O-EVOL'TO le'patai.




IAIAAOZ Z.


147


Theano, piriestess of Athena, receives the imantle, and lays it onl
the lap6 of the goddess, uttering a pr-ayer which the godd/ess does
not regard.
At' 3  O'TE V1770V Zllavov 'AOrn  7v X6Xt, aLy,cp,
'ryo-t Ou'pcv; ('t~e eeFav4A KaXXt77-apyo0'?,
Kta-i77t;, a"Xo~o, 'Avri vopos~ [w7-7;o~uc-Lto
TJyap Tp65c 6Oqlcav 'A~iqvati'y t'Epetav.30
a3' XoXv-/j w-rdo-at 'AOt)v,7 Xetpa, aveo-Xov..1 3' Atpa?wE'rXov C-~Xo'o-a 9Eeav' KcaXXt-irapo
O))Kev 'Affqvabm?) q  E7tyotvpao-tv 7iiVKCuOto,
EXouev?7 3'?7/pa70r Zto',~ KOV'P~7,LL7CLoL
I17'T6-'t' 'A~valq7, EpV0oi7rTXt, 8Ea Oulaiv,         305
J~OV 3?) 6"YXI JLO[L4E0S%, q'6 KalL     uT'
'rTp77vea 80', 1-reoeE~ev Zct'fCVtLCOL  7ZVO7Lp tOLe TA 7UaA)0V,
oc~pc TOL aVTLKa vmv 3UoKat'8eIxa /3ou' E'' P q C^
7)VLI~?7K6o-Ta3 tepeWTO1LtEv, a.t K  E\E17OS'~
ae Tv reKab  pa      xOXOV   Kat v47nta  TKc.         310
"rh  aT' Ev'XO/JE'Vi7, aYE'veve 8' rHaXXa4 'AO~v7
Hector, mean while, has reached the Palace of Paris, hard by,agid
he finds himn busied with his weapons, but in Helen's apartmenzt.
`h   air /LEL' Pr  EV"XOVTQ Jto'~ /COUP~'7 JL e7OAOLO1,
'EicTzWP &, 7rpos' &o4~aT' 'Axe~a~vpoto /3E/34KIe&
/caXa', -rc' p"' abzro" C"-ev~e aiX (1y~pia'tv, o" roTOT~po-o
71aa      Tpop    'ptLI3AXaKL rtUC E   av~pesz,35
0f/0 Vo Iwo oav 0a'Xajiov lcat' 865/a Kalt a i'X n"V
TE'/      alpuoto nat Erp' l        1OE    aKp,,7.
G'O ' r'ElmAop 6kio'qxOE 3tiotXo~, E 'V  d pa Xetpl




148


148             ~~IAIAAOZ   Z.


CYo  ex~ cVa3KaW17m7Xv  7tapotOe 3c, X'Lt,LLrEo 8ovpo,9
al ~L X-z1 XaXK,/CctI, -irp' 83C Xpv'c-oEOI E' 7,TO/917SP.  320
702 3' Eu'p   EL' OaXa/PrO wj-EPLca\Xsc' 7EvXe   eWropTa,
L'aKab OW'pjica~, Kat ay vXa   ro'~ Ltc0'OOVTaL
9Apyci'77 3) cEX.EV)7 FLET' apa 8/Lc~)ot   yva4~\
t)0OTO Kat at/J4L7TO'XOLO-L -7TEpLKXVTa' c~pya 1cE'Xvcv.
7p 3 ' 'EKCTWp    VEi'ICETYJev L130\W  alo-xpo'tLC'r EWEO(7  325
He uftbraids 1him for holding aloof from the combat.
Aa/Luo'vt, ov' /LE~v KaXct 6Xoov 702)3   E~VOEO Ovuo.Lj
Xa1oL /.LE2) cfOOivuouc~t 7,Ep't 7-rT6Xtp ab'7rl) TE 7IEZX0,
/iapva/Levot, 0e0 3' EL'EK, aUVT?) TG 77TT0XE/1O0S? TE
aO-TVT 703    t (L3c?     a               ct     a31 W '~&q   ' 3' 'P /IaXEOYL \ K AaXCO,
02) 7Ltht WQ~u /L~teVTa t'3o0s' 0-TV yISPOO 7T0Xe0/i~t0.    330
adXXPa' 1va, /ly7 7Ta'a ctTTV 'fl-VpoS 8717Otot oe~pCtL.
Paris acknowledges the fistice of the rtyhroof- andfiromises to follow
hiliz at once.
To~v 3' ai'rre 7rpoT-EELWEZ) 'AXG'av~pog OeoctL&'~
'EAKOp, E"ZTE jte Kcar   alcyal eL'eLEo-aS' ov3a  uwrp atccap,
TOUVK~t701epe~t       8' 3.-ctOeo Kca' pIev a"cucov0W,
OU 70t E C   I/ 6)() Tpc~wv  00 —2 XOx?) Ov, N  CLepO-O1    3?7/1?v el) OCa~ahtO, C'O'Xov 3' a"c  Top-7'~t
VVV a3l [.LE1 7-ia Pt 7-oVO-' a"Xoxo?, [LCXaxo01? E-77EE0-0LV
copjL7q   Es~?-o 7TXeLov- 3oxKOEL 3~ [pot W'be Kalt au'7-a)
XCOitov 6Ocjc-Oat vtVLIK) 3' E'va~L6L3EETat alvS~pti?
ccX  y  V UP E 77iJet'varji 7             3or340
i) t,6'Er ~Y&  3E  E~TEt/Jkt1  KtXqGTE0Oat 3' 0-  0)C(.




IAIAAOT, Z.


149


As Hector is tvn rn ingA, away', Helenz seeks to detain him, /heaf lug execration itf on kerseif and he~r /mn-band.
'f2~ 4arTO, -TOP 3' 01) 7t 7r'po(Tt(/)? 1mcopvOaL'-oos 'ECIEKTWO
TOPv 3' 'EXG'vrj /-t)OOoLJL WUp0!7TI)U'a juct~xtyoHtU
Aas        IJ7 C7    ~1ac~z7ao' I                 Ivc-077
co~ k    OJex  -q/Lat 'rw, OTE /LE W,-PWTOV TEKE  7?]T7P,  3 5
otxco-Oat 7rpoc1Th p0ov0-c KaLK~7 aveyoto Oi'eXXa
EL' OpOI; 7/ Et'; KVfLLZ -7 AoXot'of)Xt0o0 OaVa'aoosjp
EVOat /1E Kv/J-k 6altoEfiJE 7wapoo'  Ta(3e L'pyC  YcV&-OaLL.
airapEE T Pv a'cE y' cbHc Oeo& imcamc?' TEcKAL'lp7pcT,
aV(3p09 EWEICT' CO'OEcXXOV a',LU'vovo0; ElvaLL a'tCtTt(~,  3 50
a)7                   a,, p 77 70 P.
3' 0)7 ct Vca     toEXEa -E7TE6X
TroUTO)    ("    ' a   7V'V  Op,C~ "-OC0  OU"T  up' OW0'7-t'-.)
Ca0-0OV~at  rq0 i~caL,tv E-7ravp))(7EJ-Oat oLCO6.
a'XX   a-ye vv'v EL0-EeXOE Kcat E"~TEQ l'3' E-,r t  ~1
3a'ep, EWEi -e Aka'XL0-Ta  ro'vos; fpc'vat~ autALPL3cfd'KEV  355
el/EI EIELO /WVO     'IK 'AXe4dv3pou C EVtc
C~LVE  C~CL Z  VVO( 0aeni~       AP   V'      6 7t ~tX-q 0
avOp6'rota-t, reXcOA/LeO' a'oL(3(LoL E0o —01-OLCVOL-t.
Hector does not delay, but bids her see that Paris quick~v follows
7,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
T9 KE  EA   EVTO0-OEL' TtorcoSa  KayaA~icpvaptyovo~ a. WP
p7I-a e Icap                      7rt OKV(EEXV pO  ovopa - L(3EAcL  6




150


150            ~~IAIAA0M Z.


iucqcm aXoxoiv TEc SLXIv fcac4 vq'5wtv OVT~.
oiy y~p T  o0b', 7 L WC Z UOpO        t~o l-,at avTtS,?
2? '"3~ /12' i'7w  xeoo't Oco'l 8a~tao'wc   'Axat~ov.
Arri-iuci~g at his tialace he does;zotfi-ndA4 idomache, but is directed
by a serz'aiit to the towver above tMe Scaean Gales.
af~  pa cnovqca?     7 w;3qic opv~aioXo- ~'Eic'rcop.
( a~tI~   ErTL   t~tv  3Lov~ Ev va   z(oPTas~,         370
ovs3 EL~p' 'Av~po~zc'X'qv 'XeUKW'Xcvov EV ft6yalpOLuV,
axx   3 ye ~Ubv wat& Icall 4Jicw6ro   c~wq X
7fpy   6 0e-Tr;KI~t IyOO'6c0- TE /fZWPQ/EVJ TE.
~'Elic-rop 3' CO' 01)/c EV3ov /liv[liovc TC~flcv acouz-rv,
607E 7r 0uo   LcO, /IE7a 8' 3/1Lt01701t ECLVEV      37
Et3ayeI ~ jo t8/3acot V)17pLrePTa 1ttvOijo-ao0e*
Wq,qli 'Av~po,zcU'Xn XcvK XEvo~ EK jicapoto;
~~~~ yax~~~~~~~~~~~~~~co~~~~~~~~  L ELa~CO  wcxrz
7761 'AOiqvatbq, 6'oxcrt evOca 'rep a"X~at
Tprpat EUTAO/caLfoL SetV?7V 0OCOv 1'xa6-Kov-,at,        8
Thy 3' av'-' S'-p'qp?\7 rapuq vipo, jOov 6MCc7TV
~'ExTop, WEi',-a~X' a~vwya~as' XqOc' fvO 'oaaoOat,
OVTE 7,77 E~yaXoov oL7-' elvaTepoav ~uE+~EXow
'I 'A~qva {7' c? 'oiErat, evOa 7rep alXxat
Tp act  7#XJ'cauoto 3Etvbv OEo\V txao-Kop7at,38
dX-X' E',\ 7riV'pyov e/,3y I-,j-av 'IXt'ov, ovVEc Ka/o vore/fpeo-Oat Tp65cas?, kte',ya 3& icpaT7o~; etIvaL 'A~atc^(v.
~j ~LEV 3\ 77rpO~ TCZ\O0? etE7m-oLLV?7 a~LKaveL,
/LcttVO/LEv77 Et1Jcvt 4cpct 3' 4w.L wraZ~a -rtOv
aH 1%  vvi'; T'apdq, 5 3 w' &wcvTo 31ar-o~ rIElcwP 390
p~~~~~~
T ~v ctVT?/1  arJ EVt' EvKtpfEI  IL   yt'




IAIAAOM  Z.''


15I


r7ust as he reaches the city wall, Andromache runs to meet him,
and wit/h her a maid carrying, Astyanaz.
Ev'-e 7-V'Xa9 'eave 8tcpX6'/-LCvoq ILCya, aGll)
Xtatas', '7  ap  ejCx) CA   8tCe-qL CVat WrC&0VO6,
EVO a"Xoxo, 7roXt'&opoq EvPav7Ur' Wje Novoaa
'Av~po~uaXy, Ovyarfl7p /LC~aX1]TOpSq 'HCTioo',             395'
'HT'V   08~6Vatev bvO'w IHXadfp V'XyE'o-e77,
&9 7I8p 'T7o7r-XaKiy, KtXIKC0-c' 'pcLV3paltv avaaov-&
'TOV 7rCp 8   Ou7a'Tfl C"XCO    EKrpXaXKOICOpVG-T'71.
71 06 7C7tET?VTILT, a/La 8' a/L4~t7T0XOs~ KtCv aVT?
7raZ8' e7r KO'X7T(,p 69XoVo' a'TaXacfopova, w)V?1rOV aUTCs'~, 400
'E~c-ropti8,v a(ya7TI7TO'V, (LXi'-KLOV a'LG(TTEpL Ka XO,5
T0y PI 'Elcrcop KcaXe'Co-e Zca1/a'v83ptov, av-rap ol, a~xxot,
'Ao-TVaZ'vaKT'- o`os fyap epL'CTo IXtov rIEKTaoP.?7 T06 0 /EV /i~t3?7OV t CO    Es 'na~    7C7Tt
'Av~SpotzaXfl (S 01' ay~t 7rapIo-TaTo (Salpv X6voa         405
eV 7   apa.O    fvXLtET5 7          ~a     / '7  o/a ~e
Andromache besceches Hector to think of her son and herself. Herwhole family are dead; father and seven brothers, by the hand
of Achilles. Hector is every thin~gto her.
Aatluovpte, 0ftO WEt 0-6 TO 0-0V /IEVO9;, ov~3' EXcal/pet9
Trat&a TE Vfl77-taXO0V Kat qi afi/kopol), '7 Taya Xnpn7
(TCV C0/a     ~-Taa yap (76c KaTaKTaVeova(tvl.lta
7aVE'   EfopILV9OEVTES~ ' C/O' 8'  E   K LO V CV??       47
(TC1) U(fAaukapToV07   0' X0opa (Sv/L~at ob' yap CT   IXq
CT-rat OaX7rwop?'7, e7rT'i a' v0v fyE o'7-07/o E'77-iOW79,
ta    aXE' oVS6 /101 ETt 77-aTrip Kcat 7o7p0tVa 1t7m
'q T7 70yap 7ra'rCP a/WoV a7relc-aVE NSO,, )AXtX-XCVs'f,




152


152            ~~~IAIAA02; Z.


Ec 83 rrn6Xtzv 7c'po-Ev K-XL'K~wv Eci' vatET66coav,     415
&i~lipVxfc~vXov- KcaTC  3' eKITaZvel HrWE   a,
ou3  /JLl E Eapt~, ~7/ac-caTo yap To yE O         a
axx   apca I.tv KcaTe~lme  cv vTE07& 8at~aXE'otaw
287EVL 0O7fltk E"XCel)  7rept 86E 7rTe'X-ea9? EO&VEV(av
VV/Lcfact O'PC7-TtL3E  -Opatt ~    at'YLo7'yOt.42
ot' 8' puot '7rTC' Kao-I`yvq-rot "'o-av ' v pJ.y'apoto-tv,
0t,LLEV 7TaVTES~ i(R) KLQo)?7/XaTt "A ts oV
7raV~a'q yap KaTE7r-~1E   WQaK7S     3V'AcXIq
/30vo~tv 6w' EIXt7r-53eo-o-t Kat a'pyEvvys' olec7t.
I.LmqTpa 3',   8 /ao-tXev~cv {'75o Hl'a'Kp l"X?7e'ooG-p,  425
T?7V e77TE  ctp 86vp'?j  ay ct) a"XXLOLtt IKTE(ZTecatv,
a'*fr b'YE T?'72 a'7wEXvo-e Xa/3&w') abi-EpEiot'O  a"irota,
WaTpOs~ 3' E'V 1.kE~yaC1OLtL I3aX  "A pT 1qw IOXEact pa.
)EKCTop, waTap O-V' f-tol Eu-tL 77-T7T?/ icat, 7OTYta /J,)777p
1 K8\tao-iyvm7To(~, ou 3  p~ot OaXepo~ 7rapafioiT7]q.  430
aX'dcv~      EXc'atpe Kcat aVTOV  ipv     ~7lpp
XaO~v 3e' C~qlerov 7rap EpLVEOV, E'VOa /.LLLtCTa
aOaIJI'LiO Ec-7-t 7rO'Xt'; Icait C'7ri~po/zov 'E7rXETO TEEXO9.
TP LS' yap  77 ly CX~~TS 0     EC  7-a  oOt apUtGTOt       3
a/uo' At'aVn-e 35,~) tcal. aJyaCXVTO\V 'I8o0UEV7fa~
77'' 4'1_z' 'A-4-pet13a, Ka~t Tv~e'o9; a"Xnc~top vleolv
17 7r01 Ttl~ oabv g'vto-we Oeowrpowrt(Ov Ei3d'~
))vt nat av&wV OV/ko', E'7roTpV'vEt ca~t aiiwy'-Et.
Hector assures Andromnache that lhe does not' forget the thing  of
witicit site has reminded him, but even thouiTh he feels that Troy
is doomed he must still lead, the defence.
T~v 3' av37E 7wpoo-&et7re /LLe/jas- KopvOaio'Xo? ~'EK-&)p  440
SH  Oa t~~       e 7raPra,LLCaHKllEzt  OuXet, yi'vatu 4XX \ ja   a tvJ^




IAIAA~O Z'.


' 53


ai8'o,ata Tjpca,~ Ka'~ Tprp68ac E-XKEat7E,7r-Xov9,
at KE KaKOI~ W(? VOTCtv ~AXVOIKa'~&) 7roAX0ot
pUe Lov &'varjev, E6rE [Lka00v c~',evat E'~o-X;
atft Kat 7rpcoTotat /LeTa TpW6co-t paxea9at,             445
apVv/.tevoS? 7ra-rpos rE /,kya, KXEO9; 7768 E/LOv aVTOV.
~OTOETat7 1-t~ap OTa   7ToT  0X~X   VIW    tp?)
Kat  tpap.Loq Ka\1 X a \  El t/.Ew&  aptzoto.
And yet the downfall of Troy and the death of all his father's
house would not touch himi as does the thought of A ndromache
a slave drawiln~r wa/er for her captors.
'AX' oto Tpa(DV T~orov /Aet a~~        0   L-7r10a, 450
VTavrrs~   ~Iap77 VOVTE    ipap~oto avaKro~,,
OL5TE KaoL7jVqThW, Ot KEVP WOXEE(~ `TE Ka~t COi9Xo)
eV KOV~yT,,t 7TEOOLEtV U7r av~paict c3UOy11EVE~CC-0TW
00-0-OV O-EV, OTC KEZV Trts? 'Aa&W  xX      tWVW
&atcpvoEO- Tav  777-rat Ae'XEOepoL '7Jtta  a'7roupaq.    45
Kcat KELP eV "A pyeit CoiXoa wrpo'  a'XX'q i'TO\V boa~tivotq,
Kat KEVP V8O   CoE'i    M7-7to        t) lwp~
77-6'XX' A eKca~/ocy,  TKpa\rep   6 ME7TL 'EUT' avyc)
K at 7OTC TtLV EL7FflcYLLP t6v~aa 8aLKpU Xeocr
F!E~CTopoq?76 IYVV7', OV( aptG-TEV'E0-KE Fld/XEOat       460
TpaiWV 17T7?TO~a'1XOL, O~TE "I.XWLP a/J4eFpaXoVTO.
0OV 7VOTE TtLV EPEEL G0\L 8' af vPEov Euue7Eat aXy/Oq
X?)TE -rtoL1J6 a'v~p0S,, alttuvvtv 8QVXtOL?lykafp.
(LXt a AE TrEOV77CTa XVTY KaTCa rycta KcaXV`7rTOL,
17rp tL CYE TC 0-77V~ EC /8077V 0-oij 6? CXKC970O/.OL 77vOf'TOat. 465




'54


IAIAAOZ Z.


Hector stretches out 1/is hands to take his son; but the boy, infrz,'rht
at the waving helmnet-pilume, shrinks back into the bosom of the
maidi.  Then thefther, having taken off the hebnet and placed
it upion the ground, kisses and tosses his boy, and; wvit/ a Aracer
that his son may be a mizghty warrior and a word of comfort
for Andromache, depbarts.
'i; el7t&.W  oi'  7wat( ov  03pE'aTo   ckai(3tquo9 'E Krcop.
A4r  ('  0'  7Wa'i   77rp)9(  KO X7roV   C'V~(LVMO  7tOI77PIJ9
EK~t1V017 laXv    7aTpO'q OftXOV 06#tV a'7uXOel?',
nrap/3ijo-atL XaXo'cV TE t36' Xof0V t'7T7rtoXai'T'7V,
(LW~'Va'r  a'IPOTa'7fl79 Ko'pvOo9 vEvoirra VO?7c-aS~.     470
EK  (3  yc'Xaff(YE  7ra-rlp7 r TE   o, K'ca   7ro rvta  fUIT97p.
auitriK awro KpaTo9l co'pvO' ELXE7-0O,al3Vto9 'Elc-rcp,
'ca t   T 77v   /LE  V   K aT EOf E   ~ tW L I() L O O o a
EL7TEV) ETEV~a'/-kevoQ  AIt T' aXXOItGW' 7TE OCOE(YU        475
Zei a"XXot TrE NEot, e3OTrE (3 'cat -r'Tv&3 7EVE(7Oat
7wai83  E'/J W,  cO'q  'ca~t  'E7Y&)  7rp,  apt7rpewcea   Tpa'comv,
J26 ~3tu7V T' a'yaO\V ca~t 'IXL'ov t7bt aLva(LOOetv,
'cat 7TOTE TV; EL7TOt,   W 7a-poSq 7  058e 7iroXXoJv a/LEtIVAw
Ec  7roXe'/sov)  ailtol/Ta'  C/E'po  (3'  6"vapa  /3poTOEZJTa$  480
KTEIel-a9,  (3iov   aiv(3pa,  XyapE fl'7   &6  4)p va   /,LL1T7TP.
fV2'    176  aI/o'OXtO   ptLyS  eV)  xe '  V   'q
77-at   a6   ~   3   pa   luv   Kcq&(3E;(Aro   ' 6
3avcv6'ev   yEXacaw a-a   77rooLS'  (3  EXE77cYE  voi)caas',
xett -e -tt   aTepE~ev   67o    r 7  rEKc -7 ovolia~ec 485
/Jat,LLov', /Z'1 1LOI Tt Xli1V a'icaXL~eo Ov[LW
oz'  a  '1 )u  vvep atc-av avip "At& Wpotaet.
jaotpa, (3' o" -rta' 717/zt WeoJv7[te'vov cE/lqLevat aw(3pC'OV




IAIAAOZ, Z.


'55


oC' Kaco'v, ot"3' lkev E'o-9Xov, e7rqlv TaN 'JrpWTa yEvflTaL.
JXX'EN oicovtou    Ta     au~j Ip?     IO/~~E       490?a/aTE~ T,  iapotwoXotot Ic fXeve
IGTO-ry' T Xicicv a~
ep~yov Eotxeo-Oat, TrO"XEqto9 S' Av'peaact /.eXc~
'irac-tv, Epto, &3 pUALG-Ta, Tot, 'I~tkp E77yEyaao-tv.
'f2~ a'fpa O~otw oa-a ICO'pvO' ELXETO 4at"3to,tto t1EICTAp
t7r7T0 vptv  XXS     E fifOUO'E1El?)t                   495
E'vrpowraXt~opue'vfl, 9aXepo'v jcara' &a'pv Xeova-a.
al#a 8'3' 7retLO ~Kave 0'o,ttov'; EV valTea'oVral
~'EK'Topoc? aW'po~o'Voto, /KtX.7o-aTo '' bv'oO& vroX-Xac(
a' O~ro'OVI, T^-tV 6' y~ov-7r'a-,  ',,pcev
at,~v g-rt ~wo~v 70'o  ElKTopa c    mo~
r  tO E~t OLICOP500
ov~ "gyp tttV CT e4aVTO vw~ropowov 'CK 7rroXepAoto
'L~ea-Oat 7wpofvyd'vra Ape'vo Ical, Xepaq 'A~atov.
Paris, who had s15lendidly equifi5pedhirnself, overtakes Hector at the
city wall. He excuses his delay, and the brothersfiroceed together
toward the scene of coiy2'ict.
OL"3e6 1Ta~p iq '3?OVVEVv eVVInixot4r& 8po'Ao-ta-,
axX' 0    '  WE7M  1ca'rSV '3v Xwz-6 TrveaP 7rot/dXa XaX/m,
/,   ',,   ',,
O.EvaZT  ETET av'a acrTv- 7r00-& npawvowt, 7JreWotOCS  50
Sco-p'v3' 6ertqop-prar Ou'ir7roC, dxora-vE
'3Et~~tOVawof/4~a  OL  CrEoto icpoalvoA~w,
ECtO9WS, Xot'Eo-Oat E`~P'PELO9 '-7oTauoto,,
Imst3fwv. V54rov 8e, lca~n eXet, a/A4  e3 Xalrat
W'ALoPatC~do-oo'z-ar  6 '3acyXal~q/t 7rerotWOLOq'       510
Efo ' yov~va ciE'pet /LemTC r'qOea icat vopo5v '7mrawcz
w  f\ vwHp~ia~                  Ilepyapov alepp's,
TEvXeo-L 7/rfapoPLOP co r' 6XbCTO~p, EI3E/3?)KCEb
Ka y'raocV,      E9 '3  nof3eg t~ov, altra''        tr




156             ~~IAIAAOZ2 Z.
'EK7-opa   3t~ov hvET/Jev aJ8eXOE60v, E1'7' ap  e/uEX    515
cYrp~e#Eo-O' elC Xcopqs., o'9t 7' oap4  ryvvauict
TOP 7rpOTEPO9 7TPOOEEL7IrEI 'AE6v3ovOOty
LH r, 217 b1 fac  0  aj KEiat EO-(TIJLEVOV KaCLTPUK(O
8?70~VWoV, ov,8 1X60v EVaicYLlzo, cog EKcXEvE9.
To~v 8' aJwa1uec/3cfjkvoq wrpoa-e'0'Ir KopvOa IoXo9~ ~'EICTDp' 520
8at1.tzdvt', ov~'K adV T719 TOI a'V Oh Evalo-t/og ECM,
ep'yov art/JacTcte /-"aX?79 EWeL 0Xc/t9 E-00L
ax~a eKcL)V PALEL9 TE ca~t oWEc EOE'XEt9- Tr\ (' C'EP\   n
aXVVrrat ev Ovawu", 0'' '7re~p OEev a't'o-Xe alco vw
wrpog Tp~wV, 01' exovaoL woXz'v 7TOPvoI) ELPE6Kace COE.  525
d  1X U/IV  Ta (SOUOPap~or~t0,          IE'l6    e)
(A E7rolupavtoto-c O6E-t9 cLletryevET7
icp?7Tcpa cT7flcaaOat E'XEV'OEpov Ev lieryapoto-tv,
'CK Totq   eXao-avTa9? Euqk~r,4(a 'Aal9.




LIST OF BOOKS OF REFERENCE ON HOMER AND
THE ILIAD.


Autenrieth's Homeric Dictionary....... 4th edition, Harpers: N. Y. 1881.
Matthew Arnold, " On translating Homer," in Essays
in Criticism.............                   Ticknor & Fields: Boston, i865
(J. R. Osgood & Co.).
Bonitz, Origin of the Homeric Poems, translated by
L. R. Packard............                   Harpers: New York, I880.
H. N. Coleridge, Introduction to the Study of the
Greek Classic Poets..........     Jas. Munroe & Co.: Boston, 1842.
Gladstone, Primer on Homer.....   D. Appleton & Co, N. Y., or Macmillan & Co.: London, 1876.
Gladstone, Yuventus Mundi.....                 Macmillan & Co.: London, x869.
R. C. Jebb, Primnter of Greek Literature....     Idem, 1877.
Mahaffy, History of Greek Literature, vol. I...Harpers: New York, 1880.
Grote's History of Greece, chaps. xv., xx., xxI... Harpers: New York, x856.
Monro's Homeric Grammar........             Macmillan & Co.: London, I882.
Murray's Mythology..........                   Scribner: New York, I876.
Seemann's ilythology, translated by Bianchi... Harpers: New York, 1876.
Article " Homer," in Smith's Classical Dictionary.
Article " Homer," by D. B. Monro, in Encyclopaedia
Britannica............               Ninth edition.


Of poetical translations may be named those of: George Chapman,
I557-I634; Alexander Pope, I688-I744; Edward, Earl of Derby, I799 -1869; William Cullen Bryant, I794-I878.
Among recent editions of Homer published in England the following
may be mentioned: F. A. Paley's school edition of Iliad I-XII, George
Bell & Sons: London, I879; D. B. Monro's Iliad, Book I; Pratt and Leaf's
Story of Achilles. The last two were published by Macmillan & Co.:
London, I878 and i88o. To these may be added Dindorf's edition in two
volumes of the Scholia of the Codex Venetus (see Introduction, vii),
Clarendon Press Series: London, 1875.
For those who read German the following are added: Ebeling's Lexicon Homericun (a very elaborate work, begun in 1871, and now approaching completion) and Seiler's Woirterbuch der Homerischen Gedichte (a very
valuable book); Naegelsbach's Commentary on Iliad I-III; and the editions with notes of La Roche, Ameis-Hentze, Koch, and Faesi. The best
text editions are those of Bekker (I843), La Roche (1873), Nauck (I877).
Those who have the opportunity are earnestly advised to visit the
Astor Library in New York, and to request the privilege of seeing the
Editio Princeps, or first printed edition of the Iliad, which appeared in
Florence in 1488.  Its editor was a learned Greek, Demetrius Chalcondylas (lit. 'Bronze-Pen'), who came to Italy about the time of the
fall of Constantinople. This splendid edition, published in two volumes
folio, is not only a fine specimen of an ancient book, but gives one an
excellent idea of the forms of the Greek letters employed in the best
manuscripts of the Iliad.




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
IN the following pages, Attic forms are indicated by being enclosed in
square brackets; they will be understood as being, in most cases, the
equivalents of the Homeric forms which immediately precede them.
Reference is uniformly made to the different books of the Iliad by the
capital letters of the Greek alphabet. Thus A 5 signifies Iliad, Book I.
verse 5.
The following are the most important abbreviations:

acc. signifies accusative.
act.       active.
adj.   "   adjective, adjectlvely.
adv.   "   adverb, adverbially.
aor.   "   aorist.
cf.        confer, compare.
comp. "    comparative.
conj.  "   conjunction.
dat.   "   dative.
esp.       especially.
fern.      feminine.
follg.  "  following.
freq.  "    frequently.
fut.   "    future.
gen.   "    genitive.
G.          Goodwin's Greek Grammar.
H.     "    Hadley's Greek Grammar.
Hom. "     Homer, Homeric.
i.e.   "   id est, that is.
imv.   "   imperative.
inf.   "    infinitive.
ipf.   "   imperfect.
KTA.     iKai T Aorra, etc.
Lat.   "    Latin.
lit.   "    literally.
masc.  "    masculine.
midd. "     middle.


N.   signifies Note.
nom.      "   nominative.
ntr., neut."  neuter.
obj.      "   object.
opt.      "   optative.
p., pp.   "   page, pages.
ptc.      "   participle.
pass.     "   passive.
pf., perf. "  perfect.
pl.       "   plural.
plupf.    "   pluperfect.
pr., pres. "  present.
priv.     "   privative.
prob.     "   probably.
q.v.      "   quod vide, which see.
R.        "   Remark.
sc.       <   scilicet, supply.
sg., sing. "  singular.
subj.    "    subject, subjunctive.
subst.   "    substantive, substantively.
sup.     "    superlative.
sync.    "    syncopated.
trans.   "    transitive.
v., vv.  "   verse, verses.
v.       "   vide, see.
v.-      "   variz lectio, different reading.
~, ~~    "   section, sections.




NOTES.
BOOK FIRST.
"AX\a, Xo'ras XpvoUov, XottIzov       rparov, e'XOo     avacT'rwv.
Alpha the prayer of Chryses sings; the army's plague; the strife of kings.
1. 8eO: 'goddess,' the Muse, -not, however, addressed by name, nor
known to the poet as one of nine sisters.  She is the daughter of Zeus
and can bestow and take away the gift of song. For an invocation of the
Muse in English, see Milton's Paradise Lost, Book I. v. 6. -  -IlXlia;Sea
[IrnAiou]: the first example of synizesis (see Essay on Scanning, ~ 4);
pronounce -sew as one syllable, as if dyo. If we compare the two patronymics r1Ai7a7'd7s and rIlAEt'8s, we distinguish two forms of the stem of nIAevs, rI?7TA- and rlA-, to which there have been added respectively the
endings -iaSr7s and -s8s. -  'AxtTXios: the loss of one A leaves the L with
its natural short quantity. The substitution of -ews for -~ios (, — for -,)
is an example of metathesis quantitatis, or transposition of quantity. The
Attic form of the gen. ['AXiXXEws] could not close a hexameter, for we
should have \,-,  -- instead of \aj   —.
2. oZAXoj~vIv [oAxodEvVv]: 2 aor. midd. ptc. from 6XAuv/u. The 2 sing.
opt. 6Aoio is a form of imprecation, 'may you perish' (cf. Lat. pereas);
and the change of meaning in the ptc. is from the pass. to an act. signification; from 'cursed ' to ' bringing a curse,' ' destructive.' Cf Milton's
'mortal taste,' Paradise Lost, Book I. v. 2. — jvpC' (observe accent,
G. 77, 2, N. 3; H. 257, adfinem): ' numberless '; it is not used in Horn
as a definite numeral in signif. I0,000o. — i3-E: lit. ' set,' i. e. ' caused,'
' made.' --   Xye' [&I^y7]: in prose the final vowel would not be elided, but
would be contracted with the preceding.
3. lt4O(Aovs: treated here as an adj. of two endings though in E 415
we find the fern. form l(pA00r7. Perhaps the poet avoids the monotony in
the sound of final syllables which would be caused by Ip0taas. -"Ai3L:
x The hexameter lines prefixed to the notes on each book, and giving in a form easy to
remember the subject of A, B, r, A, E, Z, are found in the Commentaries on Homer by
Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica (see Introduction, V.); they are ascribed to Stephanus Grammaticus, a grammarian of Alexandria. The translations of the same are by
George Chapman (T557-1634), the earliest English translator of Homer.




i6o


NOTES.


'to Hades,' - the person, not the place, is meant. The form "Ai'R is a
heteroclite dat. as if from nom. M'As. Hom. uses the nominative forms,
'A'iars and 'Ai'awvevs ['Airs, Mrs]. --  'pota'jcLv: 'hurled forward to.'
clar-, stem of laIdrw = iac-, stem of iacio. Hence 7rpo'~ta4ev corresponds etymologically to proiecit.
4. aV'rois: 'themselves;' the real man to Hom. was the body, not the
phantom   vxu1, which escaped through the mouth at death.   airods in
Hom. with very rare exceptions is always intensive. -- 8 EXcpiaLc: the
first instance of apparent hiatus.  G. 8, H. 67 D a.  xAcpia is really
FEAcFpla. -  TEXE L[riTUXe]: the first instance of omitted augment, see
Sketch of Dialect, ~ 4. —  KuVEorLV [KV-Tv].
5. Trc: in Attic we should hardly find Tr used thus alone, but rather
Kai. - 'rrc&oL: used in colloquial sense, ' all there were,' 'all that chose to
come.' -- 8' ETiEXE\Er0 [8' ereAro]: the relation of thought between this
clause and the preceding is such that &eTAefero gives the reason for TeuiXe.
Instead of Ne, we should perhaps have had in prose the subordinative
conjunction?yap. A series of clauses connected by co-ordinate conjunctions formsparataxis; hypotaxis, on the other hand, is the subordination
of dependent to principal clauses which is characteristic of sentences having a periodic structure. In an early stage of a language, as in the language of children, we find a great deal of parataxis; as the language
becomes more developed, hypotaxis is more common, and sentences become complex. We shall notice many instances of parataxis in Hom.
6. 4 oi 841: 'from the very time when' (cf. Lat. ex tquo). -  TO& irpraC:
Hom. also uses rb Trpirov and TrpCTov, the usual Attic forms.-  8Saori^TrlV: 'parted.' An idea of motion is very commonly associated with
'ioCTrr/L in Greek, though generally derived from the context rather than
belonging to the verb itself.
7. 'A-pet'8-s: for explanation of patronymic suffix -ir7s, see G. 129,
9 c, H. 466. -  dval = Fdvat (see on v. 4).
8. 9PLSL UVVIlKE [vvIwCe, I aor. from uvvfif;]: 'brought together in
strife,' commisit; phrase opposite in form, but identical in sense with 8&aa-'1,rr7v eptO'avre, v. 6. -  i.XEo-rc0aL: inf. of purpose. G. 265, H. 765.
9. ATroVs Kal ALbs vo's: Apollo is meant (of. v. 36). — 6 -yyp: the
first example of the article in its pronominal use; restricted in Attic, in
Homer usual.   G. 140, H. 524. -- PaL;XLi': for construction, G. I86,
N. I, H. 602, I.
10. vo-rrov [vo6ov: 'pestilence.'-  Xo\'KOVT0 [&UAvvrol: The change
of tense from Spao- to o3AE'ovro should be noticed. Thereby the latter
verb is made to indicate the result, gradually accomplished, of the action
of the former.  Thus lit. we should translate: 'let loose a pestilence
and the people were perishing;' but the meaning is, ' he let loose a pestilence, so that the people were perishing.' In short, we have another
example of parataxis (cf v. 5).




ILIAD I.


11. rbv XpioQv [IKceWov rbv XprmY1v]: 'that Chryses' -- -irCi.Lrv:
&ScrL.fiw and a&s-tuaw both occur in Horn.; the first gives aor. TI/AiC. -—.
&p'4rpac: the first example of a spondaic verse. Such verses, which occur
in Horn. about in the proportion of: 20, generally end in a four-syllabled
word which just fills out the last two feet of the verse. Cf. vv. 14, 2I, 74;
see also Essay on Scanning, ~ x.
12. vfas [vaus]: orig. vFas, Lat. naves.
13. XKvuop-vos: indirect mid.: 'release for oneself,' ransom.' Cf., for
signif. in act. voice, Xvaraa and Avorw, in vv. 20 and 29. — arEpEp-L' [irelpos]: lit. 'endless.'
14. o-ripL.ar': first example of that use of pl. for sing. which should
usually be noticed in translation, but sometimes has no other reason than
metrical convenience. Cf. v. 28, where rTejIua precisely equals afreuara.
The word designates 'bands of wool,' ordinarily bound about the head
of the priest. See Hom. Diet.
15. Xpvo'iE [Xpuvro]. Here we not onlyhave synizesis (see on IIrA7;rd8e~, v. i), but the two syllables thus pronounced as one are reckoned one
short syllable (see Essay on Scanning, ~ 5, 5). The fillets of the god were
in this case carried suspended at the end of the staff, or perh. wound
around it, to mark the priest who came as suppliant as under Apollo's
protection.
16. 'ArpEtSa: acc. dual.
17. 6ivKviSes: this resolution of the diphthong, in compds. of eb,
'well,' regularly occurs when the last vowel of the diphthong is brought
before such combinations of letters as make it long by position. The
greaves, which were usually of bronze (see Hom. Dict. tvltfSs), were often
elaborately ornamented, and formed a conspicuous part of the armor.
18. NEoC: pronounce by synizesis as one syllable; for though final -or
is reck6ned short in its influence upon the accent of preceding syllables,
it is yet long in quantity, and hence cannot stand as the last syllable of a
dactyl.   Sowv: opt. of desire. G. 251, H. 721, i. The thought is: if
you release my daughter, my prayer shall be that the gods may grant, etc.,
but the idea is expressed by two co-ordinate sentences, - parataxis.
19.   rdX\v: for quantity of final syllable, see Essay on Scanning,
~ 5, 4.
20.  A(qV: often used in Horn. where we unexpressive people should
use only a possessive pron., 'my.'-  XO'atL and 8XEOcrOa   are examples of
the infin. used as imv.  G. 269, H. 784.- T.7 darova: lit. 'this ransom.'
21. &~AoLEvoL: the ptc. agreeing with the subj. of an inf. stands in nom.
because the inf. takes the place of a finite verb. So, in Latin we reg. find
the nom. as subj. of the hist. inf.
22. itr —uplqo'lrav: ev'^qe'w, cf Lat. favere linguis, later means
' abstain from words of ill omen,' i.e. be silent.' Here the meaning is




I62


NOTES.


more positive: 'shouted assent to his prayer (&r[), bidding him to.'
The follg. infs. are explanatory (epexegetical) of 4'revpjurtrav.
23. iEpfa [fepeal. --  xOea [E'cao-Oai l: 2 aor. inf., consisting simply
of stem and ending, for 5eX-rOaa. G. 16, 4, H. 54.
24. 0VuL: local dat. 'in his soul.' G. I90, H. 612.
25. KpTEpov... Er XXEV: 'was laying a hard (stern) charge upon him.'
In the separation of 'iri and fTreXXev, we have our first instance of tmesis
(T77itis from T-relvw, lit. ' cutting'), by which is understood the separation,
in a compound, of the preposition from the verb. All prepositions were
originally adverbs. In their next stage they blend in meaning with certain
verbs, forming with them a new compound idea, though often written separately; this is called tmesis. Last, the elements thus blended are uniformly written as a compound verb. In the Homeric language we observe
all three stages, between which tmesis occupies a middle or transition
place. It is often difficult to decide whether a preposition is adverbial or
whether it is separated from a verb by tmesis. If we have a compound,
it must differ in meaning from simple verb + preposition. Here Eri and
eXXAAev preserve the meaning of the compound  rirJXTAAev: 'enjoin.'
26. KLXECo: not 2 aor. subj. from pres. KiXdvw, for that would be Kfxw.
This form KIXeiO supposes a stem JLXe-, lengthened to KLXEL-, and must be
regarded as a subj. pres. from assumed pres. Kix7,iL.  From the stem
KiXF- we have the forms: ipf. exlEyeSv, subj. KiXeiw, opt. cKLXErq, inf. KLX~vat, ptc. KtLXels. For subj., see G. 253, H. 720 b.
27. 8,iVvovTa: for elision, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 4. — eLrts:
'again.'
28. XpacLroi: 2 aor. subj. of a defective verb Expotr/ae. For subj.,
see G. 218, H. 739 --  TOL [a-ro]: for dat., see G. 184, 2, H. 595 b.
29. irpCv: adv., not conj., 'sooner shall old age come upon her,' etc.
Notice here again the tendency to use short co-ordinate sentences (parataxis), instead of combining several of them into a period. -  Irv [arir-rv]:
this enclitic pron. of 3d sing. may stand for all genders.
30. "Apye': used in a broad sense for 'Peloponnesus,' of which it
was so important a city. -- evI FoCIKC: apparent hiatus.  rr prlp [Ird'rpas or 7rarpso-p]: for gen., G. I82, 2, H. 589.
31. The frame of the Horn. loom was upright (i-ro's, from I'trr77.)
instead of horizontal, as in hand-looms of our day, and the weaver stood
in front of it, stepping alternately to the right and left as the shuttle was
thrown. -- Eir in Er-oCXeo-OaL implies repetition: 'going to over and over
again,' 'plying.' — avTLr.6.-oav: 'approaching,' assimilated form, from
avT&rouo'av. The ou passes into w, to which the a is assimilated. See
Sketch of Dialect, ~ I8, I.
32. fis KE vT!CL [W's hv vrg7]: te ['v] is occasionally joined to the
conjunction in final clauses. G. 216, N. 2, H. 741.
33. &s 4SaT' [o-3rws ~o1j: when Ws means 'thus,' it is always oxytone




ILIAD I.


I63


except in the phrases Kal Ws, ou5' $s. --  iELoE-v: the aug. e is here properly
used as long, because account is taken of a letter of the stem, remembered though unwritten. That stem is 6FL-, and the aor., with lengthened
stem, 8FELorEv.
34. 7rap& Oiva: 'along the shore.' --  roXvqXoCop3oLo: suggests by its
sound its meaning. Such words are called onomatopoetic.
35. &rr'aveu9: 'far away,' air6, &vfv, and the suffix -Oev or -0e. -
'iroXX  (cogn. acc.)... p&E' [-1paTro]: 'was praying earnestly,' ipf. 3d
sing. from apdo/.aLL.
36. &VCLKTI: for case, G. I84, 2, H. 595 b. -- 6v [oiv]: the first instance
where the article fills the place of the relative. G. I40, H. 243 D. --   ATT:
'Leto,' Lat. Latona, greatly revered as the mother of Apollo and Artemis, whom she brought forth on the island Delos. See v. 9.
37. p.eu [lou] Xpvo-qv: Chryse and Killa were unimportant towns in
the Troad. The term Troad ( i Tpwcds, sc. Xc6pa or 7y') designates the region
about Troy.-  aj..3dpe3PiKas: 'protectest,' lit.' standest about.' The figure
may be of a warrior standing over and defending a fallen companion.
Notice that most of the perfects in Hom. denote a state, and are to be
translated as presents. - TtveSoLo: for gen., G. 171, 3, H. 58i a. -
lti.: 'mightily.' The suffix -Ap is properly an instrumental suffix, and has
its original force here. The same suffix appears in Latin in tibi, sibt, and
mihi.
39. X}jLvOEe  'Sminthian;' this word probably means 'destroyer of
field-mice' (a-dvOos), which infested fields of grain. --  ro [aoL]. — XapC
eVTa': pred. adj. with vrrdv [ve&cv], may be translated by adv. expression,
'for thy pleasure.' — irl.. pifc (unaug. aor. from fpe'pw)  'roofed
over,' i.e. ' built.'
40.   KaT...  I...r   [IcareKavoaal: 'consumed utterly,' lit. 'burned
down.' The form s'pKa is produced from the stem Ka- (Kav or KaF) by
lengthening the stem-vowel, after the analogy of liquid verbs. See Sketch
of Dialect, ~ 20, 3.
41. ^(e): orig. correlative of ijf/yv, but often used alone, = Kai. -
Kpf'IVOV EX8cop [Kpauvov r7v ebX6v]: Hom. pres. is Kpaiaivw, strengthened
form of Attic Kpaivw.
42. 'rCiELav: distinguish -wo, 'honor,' from rivo, 'punish.' For subj.,
G. 25I, I, H. 721, I. - &pE'Xeo-iv: dat. of means or instrument.
43. Tof: for gen., G. 171, 2, H. 576.
44. KCLT': for loss of accent with elided vowel, G. 24, 3, H. oo. -
OuXVIJ-roLo ['OAvXu7rov]: 'Olympus' in Thessaly, the home of the gods,
more than 9,000 ft. high, its summits clad in perpetual snow. Some suppose the little less lofty Bithynian Olympus to be meant; this would be
much nearer the Trojan plain. -  KCar  Kapo.Vv: 'down from summit,'
where were the palaces of the gods. --  Kfp (only in nom. and acc. sing.)
l[cap3fav]: the acc. of specification is especially frequent with verbs denoting emotion.




I64


NOTES.


45. jI;Foow [erl -rois V&uos], see on OUut, v. 24. --  aprTlpEW~l TrE +capTp'Tj [calL aCppecpF fapfrpav]. &acp7peei'a (a&up2, f('w): ' closed at both
ends.' Notice that the naturally short final a is here used as long in the
arsis of the foot. This liberty is taken especially in words ending in three
short syllables.
46. IKXaaytav: the full stem icAayy- shows itself in the aor., though
not in the pres. KAdCWc, G. I08, Iv. b, H. 328 b. N. -  &p' (&pa): inferential
particle, the meaning of which must often be felt rather than expressed.
Here we might give its force with ai thus: ' and then it was that,' or 'and
you may be sure.'
47. CLaTOV KivT0IVTOS: 'as the god himself moved.' avrov stands in
contrast to o'-roi. --  ii ['ei]. -  VKvT OrLKCS: 'like the night,' i.e. silent
and awful; for case of vvKTi, G. I86, H. 603.
48. a&rdvev0E: governs gen. vre&, though used absolutely in v. 35.IpTOE.... TKEV: 'let fly into the midst;' /erdT is adv. (see on v. 25), and
we have no tmesis. Distinguish: iov, ' violet;' I6s, 'arrow;' Yos, 'one.'
49. SELvi: attributive: 'a dreadful twang began from the silver bow.'
Distinguish  ios, ' life,' and  i6s,'bow.' The armor and ornaments of the
gods are generally represented as of gold; Apollo, as god of light (,^oBos,
v. 43) bears the silver (white) bow. There is an evident onomatopoeia in
this verse. Among many examples of onomatopceia in Lat. and Engl. the
following may be given: Aonstzrunt horrendurm informe cui lumen ademptun, Vergil's Aeneid, III, v. 658 (from the description of Cyclops), and
the lines from Tennyson's Princess, -
'The moan of doves in immemorial elms, and murmur of innumerable bees.'
50. opfiicas [ope'as]: 'mules;' the word is perhaps connected. in derivation with /pos, 'mountain,' mules being specially adapted to service in
mountain roads; for case of ovpias, G. 158, N. 2, H. 544 d. — _- r-4xeTo:
'assailed;' eirl has the same force as in v. 3I, 'one after another.'-.
apyous: the radical idea of the word is 'bright.' Hence the two signifs., -
i. 'white; ' 2. (as here) ' fleet,' 'quick,' because quick motions produce a
dazzling effect like that of white color.  arvTap: expresses a slighter
opposition than aAA&x, but is more strongly adversative than B.
51. Ph\Os (o)EiXerrtVKis: example of the lengthening of a final short
syllable, on account of original initial consonant not wholly forgotten,
though it had ceased to be written. — C ELes: pres. ptc. from &Ep-thui.
52. P3aXX' [i3aAXe]: 'was smiting.' -- vKwv: gen. of material.
eacliEcil: adj., best translated as adv., 'thickly' (see on v. 39).
53.  av& orTpabTv O,XEio: 'sped (up and down) through the encampment.' Notice in this and the follg. verse three cases of the omission
of the article. H. 530 b.
54. Tr- SEKCTIa: the word for day in Hom. is always jheap (cf. adv.
evvuap, v. s5); but this fem. form of the adj. suggests that the form
pa was not unknown to the poet. -- icaM  aTo-oo [e'Caeaarol.




ILIAD       I.


I65


55. Ta /yAo p,4lt A pE(rl OK~e [ras qpepalv a'ro,  &reF'TKev]: 'put into
his heart.' fpeo-i is dat. after conipd. verb; re is dat. of obj. remotely
affected. G. I84, 3, H. 596.
56. fa: see on v. 46. The force of particle may here be given by:
'you know,' or 'you see.' Those acquainted with German will be reminded
of ja joined to the verb; e.g. Dennz sie sah sieja sterbend. --  op&ro [eapa-ro
or ecpal: middle voice used without appreciable difference of meaning
from the active.
57. 8' errel ovv: 'and so when.' In ~?yepOEv [iJyepOrao'av] and 6U7-)yEpees we see the stem of ayeipw (a'yep-) repeated: 'had assembled and were
gathered together.' This is an example of Homeric fulness of expression. We see the same thing in the Hebrew poetry, in what are called the
'Parallelisms' of the Psalms.
55. Troo-L: for case, G. 184, 3, N. 2, H. 60I; translate: 'rose up and
spoke among (and for) them.'
59. vuv: i.e. 'as things now are.' — & xie [j7uas]: Aeolic form.ra'XLuTrXaLyX0iv'as (IrdAlv, rxadCw): 'baffled,' lit. 'driven back.'
60. E' KE(v): as Ke(v) = the particle &v, et Kc, =  eddv (which is never
found in Hom.) and lv. According to Attic usage this conj. should be
followed by subj.; but we shall find many instances where ef Ke is followed
by the opt. to express a bold supposition, possible but unlikely; KE emphasizes the contingency.
61. EL Si/: 'if really;' 58, like Lat. iam, to which it is perhaps allied, is properly a temporal particle, and means 'now;' and this meaning
underlies all its uses, even where it is introduced to give dramatic vividness to a statement or narrative.-  Sacju.: fut., not pres. indic.
62.  pE~Cop.EV (from epe', 'inquire of ') = -ep-e-v [epwTrcwev]: for hortative subj., G. 253, H. 720 a. — >LCLVrLS ({uaivoaI): 'seer,' 'prophet;'
not devoted, like the priest, to some one deity. -- EpEs: 'sacrificial
priest' (hence Lepew, 'offer sacrifice,' 'slay'); he learns the will of the
gods by sacrifice. -- 6vEpodroXos: 'reader of dreams.'
64. K' Eitro [L; ef'roI]: potential opt. G. 226, 2, b, H. 722.  T L:
the indir. interrogative is reg. employed in dependent questions. G. 87,
i, H. 248.  The direct question was: Ti ecXwa'aro; —  Xo'ra-o: from
Xciojuat.
65. EVXOXils [euisl]: for gen., G. 173, I, H. 577 a.; translate: 'finds
fault for a vow (unfulfilled) or a hecatomb (not offered).' For deriv. and
meaning of becaT4djuxB, see Hom. Dict.
66. KvCo-o(r S: for gen., G. 171, i, H. 574; 'savor,' 'smell of burning
fat.'  Upon this, as it rose to heaven, the gods were supposed to be
nourished.
67. povXETuL [Bov\Xn'raL: translate with at KEv, 'on the chance that he
may wish'; some translate, 'whether he may wish,' and regard as an indirect
question. Goodwin MT. 53, N. 2, says that an apodosis, e.g. 'that so we




i66


NOTES.


may learn,' is to be supplied. L. R. Packard suggests that epe[louev is really
the apodosis, and that the difference between this and ordinary conditions
is that, whereas usually the verb of the protasis precedes the verb of the
apodosis in time as well as in thought, here (and in similar cases), the priority is only in thought, not in time. Willingness to relieve is evidently
thought of, in this case, as subsequent to the epeiouev; hence Professor
Packard suggests the name posterior condition for such cases. -- ilv a-rr
X3L'ybv a&lOV.L [Trbv Aorybv a7rai3val 7iv]: dat. of advantage is commonly
used after this verb in Hom. instead of the gen. of separation, which
would be quite natural. G. I84, 3, N. 3, H. 597.
68. &s irTrcv Ka T'p' GSeT [our'WS or Taira ovv eirw'v EcaOECero].
69. Bxa: occurs only in the phrase o'X' &pIraos: 'far the best;' it is
thought to be for eoxa (e'eXw, 'project'), 'eminently,' 'prominently,'
where, however, the idea of prominence lies in the en, not in eXow.
70. 8s FaSn [,`'ei,]: see on v. 51. —  rpo T(E) eivTa: lit. 'the things
that were beforehand;' the article, expressed with the two preceding ptcs.,
is omitted with the third. All of these ptcs. denote time with reference to
the secondary tense '`77. Hence translate, 'that which was,' 'that which
was to be,' 'that which had been (lit. was beforehand),' - i.e. the present,
the future, and the past. --  -6-VT-a (for a-'-vT-a) and E-a —4erva show
the original elements of which they are composed more clearly than the
Attic forms 'yra, aouEYva.
71. vie<r(L) [vavo-]: dat. of advantage, instead of gen. after a word
of ruling: 'acted as guide for the ships,' i.e. showed them the way. See
on v. 67, G. I84, 3, H. 597. -  "IXov: i.e. ager Trojanus, 'precincts of
Ilium.' -  E'Lro [eis]: freq. used in Horn. as prep. with verbs of motion.
72. qv StL lavTocr6v-iv: 'by means of his prophetic art;' e.g. at Aulis,
where Kalchas had directed the sacrifice of Iphigeneia. Divination is the
special gift of Apollo, as the gift of song is that of the Muse (v. r).lv is poss. adj., for which in Attic the article would be a sufficient substitute. G. 82, N. 2, HI. 238, R. a. -  Tiv= iJv: rel. pron.
73. 8 o4r+v: 6 is the article (with demonstrative force) which receives
the accent on account of the enclitic mpw. or'((v) =  -(plo-i(v); but as this
is always reflexive in Attic, the unemphatic avro7s would be the prose
equivalent of or((v). Connect the dat. with ayopaoaro ical ETEEL'rev (see
on v. 58).
74. KE'Ea [KceAeueES]: from pres. tceAo4am. --  8siLX(e: often written as
two words, att qiAxe. -  uv0le'rao0aL closes a spondaic verse; see o:l
V. II.
75. pqvtLv: deep, persistent wrath, as in v. i; compare with XdAov and
Kdiro, vv. 8i, 82.-  EKaT7r-pErITaO [-jfeAhrou]: if the first part of tihe
compd. is derived from the root of '/,u, the rough breathing represents
an orig. initial consonant, and thus the lengthening of the last syllable of




ILIAD     I.


I67


the preceding word is explained. The following caesura would also sufficiently account for the lengthening. See Essay on Scanning, ~ 5, 4.
76. eycDv, O'vveio, /loro'rov [ey&, o'vv0oo, /uooov]. -  orv oEo: ' give
heed.'
77. q tdiv [3 Jifv]: 'verily.'_- rpoo'4pov: the adj. is best translated as
adv. 'heartily;' it agrees with the (omitted) subject of the infinitives apjeLv XOXWC.e1E$v= XoXoaF'ev. The subj. of these infs. would be nom. being
the same as the subj. of the verbs on which they depend. After verbs
of thinking, hoping, threatening, and promising, the fut. inf. is usually
found, and its subj. is omitted when identical with that of the principal
verb. -- 7reo'LV: dat. pl. from r'TOs.
78. 6topacL XoXwcreIv: 'I expect to enrage.' That the seer's anticipation was correct is shown in vv. ioI-io8. —plyia TrCLVTWV 'ApyEf'o)v
KpCLTie: 'rules mightily over all the Argives,' G. 171, 3, H. 581 a.
79. KaL ol [cal aoTy]]: the transition from a rel. to a demonstr. pron.,
in the second of two parallel clauses, is common in both Greek and Latin.
Perfect correspondence would have required Kal q in the second clause.
G. 156, I. 8I8, R. d.
80. 6rE XW'crTTL [o'rav XcoxrTail]: G. 207, 2. -- XfP i: assumed nom.
Xep's, prob. derived from xel'p: 'one who is in the hand of,' 'vassal.'
From this stem Xep- is formed the comp. XEpELwv [XE/pwv]. In Horn. the
heroes (,SacraotAe, aLoyeveTs) fill almost the entire stage; the common
people are hardly mentioned.  The farmer's hard lot is described by
Hesiod.
81. Elirep: In Attic we must have had vfrwep with follg. subj._
XoXov ye: 'his anger at least,' as opposed to KT6OS, 'spite,' 'abiding
grudge.'-  KaTcareiri (from -arE'oTaw): ' digest,' lit. ' boil down,'-stronger
than the English expression, 'swallow one's anger.'
82. CahX, 'yet,' introduces the apodosis. -  6pa TAXeo-or [f'XPIs
&Y *~\^o'v].
83. o-T0t Eora-L E(oto- [Tros oa-fEO-al]: here the preposition is expressed,
which was omitted in v. 24. —  rp4o0aL: in active voice, 'point out;' in
midd. 'ponder' (point out for one's self). -  eL: 'whether.'
84. TOv [avCrv]: compds. of rp&s with pfrlft and fE7rov govern the acc.,
not the dat. --.eL'aE6pd1Ecvos: lit. 'making an exchange;' oreao is to be
understood, and thus comes the common meaning, 'replying.'
85. 'Take courage, and speak forth whatever divine message thou
knowest.'
86. w.e: dat. governed by ptc. EfVXd4^vos, 'by prayer to whom;' for
dat., G. 184, 2, H. 595 b. -re seems not to differ sensibly in meaning
from the simple relative; the enclitic.re is freq. thus added simply to give
greater weight to a word or for metrical convenience.
87. Aavaotor-: The three common Hom. designations of the Greeks,
'Achaians,'' Argives,' Danaans,' occur in vv. 79 and 87 in close proxim



I68


NOTES.


ity. Gladstone sees in 'Axaito a constant reference to the ruling class.
'Ap-yeoi, he says, is applied only to the Greeks serving before Troy,
while AavaoL refers to the Greeks as fighting men. It is, however, doubtful whether these distinctions are observed; and it is probable that metrical convenience has much influence in the choice of the appellative.
88. otTLs: referring, of course, to Agamemnon; for accent, G. 28,
N. 3, H. IIo. —  fLEi [ejou] tCvrOS Kal Eri X.Oovbs s8pKoLiEvoLo: 'while I
live and have the gift of sight upon the earth.' e&rl xOovbs o'pKea0ai is a
phrase of equivalent meaning to Tv, so that we have another example of
the Homeric fulness of expression, noticed in v. 57. Cf, in English, 'live
and breathe.'
89. KoCXLS [LKotXAaL]. --  r-o(orEL: fut. from hri-(p-pw.
90. oviS' v 'Aya4woLvovac E'lris: 'not even if thou shalt say Agamemnon,' to whom Kalchas had referred in his hint in v. 78. The apodosis of Xv ef rps is eiroi'EL, which may be repeated from the preceding
verse.
91. noXX6v [roxAv]: the Hom. dialect shows a nearly complete decl.
from each of the stems 7roAv- and 7roAAo-; the Attic dialect has a mixed
decl. made up from both. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ I3, 3. —  EXe)ETL:
'boasts,' 'claims to be (and is).' The Hom. chiefs pretend no false modesty; but neither does the word imply arrogance. It simply asserts Agamemnon's conceded position among the Achaians. The orig. meaning
of EtvXofLac, according to a plausible etymology, is 'speak in a loud voice.'
Hence, - I. 'pray' (aloud); 2. 'boast.'
92. 'And then it was that the faultless seer took courage (aor.), and
was speaking' (ipf.). -- &aJLtzov (a priv. and /Auos, ' stain '): the change
from wo to v, seen also in avcvvjLos (a priv. and ovoJa) and a few other
words, is characteristic of the Aeolic dialect; lit. 'faultless,' but only of
externals, - e.g. of lineage or of personal appearance.
93 = 65.
94. With 'VEK' aprqrTpos sC. e,',lEjr.EfTaL: the simple gen. of cause
might perhaps have been used, as in v. 93.
95. Notice the transition from a relative, and hence subordinate, to an
independent sentence. We might have had: 'and whose daughter he
did not release and whose ransom he did not receive,' or ptcs. might have
been used, - OvK ae7roXv'eas Kai oU'K &aroeTa'C/Evos.
97. irpCv in this verse is an adv.; in the follg. verse it is a conj.  We
find similarly used, in Attic Greek, 7rpoL pov...  rpip and 7rpo'aOev.
'rpvy. -  a'rwore: fut. from a7r-w0co.
98. Airo... 86s'~vac [&aroBovvai]: the subj. of this inf. is suggested
by,avaoZ'icv, in v. 97. - - 4i\X: see on v. 20. --  XLKCwirLSa Ko0pq1V [Kdcprv,
H. I25, Exc. d]: the adj. is diversely explained as 'round-eyed' and
'bright-' or 'gleaming-eyed.'
99. &'TrptLnv: adverbial: 'without purchase,' i.e. without paying the




ILIAD       I.


I69


price exacted by Agamemnon. --   &v&iroLvov: also adverbial: 'without
ransom,' i.e. without handing over the a&rEpELo'L' 67rotva (v. 20) voluntarily
offered by her father. --  &tyvtv: the appropriate word for 'conducting' a
hecatomb of living creatures.
100. Xp'UTiv: already mentioned, v. 37. - ICv [aivrd]. --  rErt.OLp.EV: potential opt. with KE; the form is redupl. 2 aor., of which there
are many examples in Hom., but only three - -yayov, e6rov, ive'yKov —
in Attic. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 15, 2.
101 = 68.
103. peveos [vuEovs]... ()WrCtlrXavT(o): 'his diaphragm, dark on
both sides, was swelling mightily with fury.' The diaphragm, or midriff, a large muscle in the center of the body, was regarded by the
Greeks as the seat of the various feelings,-joy, fear, rage, love. The
same may be said of the word 'heart' in English. The adj. a&p/xlueXaYvaL,
'black on both sides,' seems to be appropriate to pepves in its literal sense
as in the center of the body, and charged with venous blood. The ppe'ves
can be said to be filled with u.evEos, 'fury,' only in their derived meaning.
The phrase may be translated freely: 'his gloomy heart was filling
mightily with rage.'
104. Boro-E: defective noun, used only in dual: 'his two eyes.'ot [aLbr3]: dat. limiting the verb, instead of gen. limiting the noun.
G. I84, 3, N. 4, H. 597. -  XaLLrET6cVT'rL: see on v. 3I. - - CKTlV: 2 plupf.
from E'OLKc and really a redupl. form = FEFiKrT, so that the hiatus before
it is only apparent.
105. irpWdTLo-rLr  [-rpTrov]: in form  a double superlative: 'first of
all.'-  KCLK' = Katcd: the accent, instead of disappearing with the elided
vowel, as in case of prepositions (v. IoI) is retracted to the preceding
syllable. G. 24, 3, H. Ioo. The acc. is cognate. Translate KacK' oo'-aotevos: 'with ill-boding glance.'
106. KCLKCv: ntr. pl. -  r Kp^Iyuov: lit. 'that which is sound.'Elras: 2 aor. with intermediate vowel of r aor. Cf., in Attic, the two
forms WveYKov and,vey.ca.
107. T& K.iK' [cKatca]: subj. of eaft, the inf. /Javre6EF0eaO  depending
upon the pred. adj. (pla. --  pEoi-: see on v. 24.
108. ETXcEOO-CS [ereAeoaas]: 'didst thou bring to pass.'
109. Kal vyv; 'and now,'- a special instance of the habit referred to
in aie, v. 107. -  OEowporrEiYv &yopEVELS: 'art declaring in thy capacity of
OeoTrpros,' i e. 'art declaring as by divine direction.'
110. S: 'in very truth,' or perhaps with ironical force, 'forsooth'.
See on v. 6i. -  Troi [rTOVIro] YVeKC is the antecedent of ovveKa [ov 'YeKca]:
'on this account, because.' -  crCv [aubToys]: i.e. Sros 'AXaioZs. ---- Tev6X
(from revXw): 'devises.' Cf. Lat. machinatur.
111. Kovpts: gen. limiting &7rolva. -  Xpvo-jt8oS, nom. Xpvrts, ' Chryseis,' feminine patronymic, formed from Xpcrlns, 'Chryses.' The patrp



I70


NOT E S.


nymic'ending is -i8, nom. -Is. G. 129, 9, H. 466. Chryseis means ' daughter of Chryses.'
112. 'E9EXov [ijOeAov]. -a cuiv: in emphatic contrast with aroiva in
previous verse.
113. KC.a yap: the ellipsis is obic F'eXov: 'I well might refuse, for.'KXrTaiLp.vt rrTprs: gen. after 7rpd in comp. G. 177, H. 583. Klytaimnestra, the wife of Agamemnon, who afterward proved unfaithful to him, and
with her paramour Aigisthos accomplished his death, remained at Argos
during the war.
114.   KOUpL8C(q: 'wedded,' -probably derived, like KoVprl, 'bride,'
from Keipw, 'cut,' from the custom of cutting the bride's hair immediately
before marriage. --  9ev: not reflexive, else it would have been accented
6Oev [ov], but unemphatic = avirTi. - XEpECoV [xeipcv]: see on v. 80.
115. 'not in figure nor in stature, neither in mind nor in skill.'
116. Kal3. 's: see on v. 33.
117. pohvkox(aL): For elision, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 4.- _- 9EvLU
(for EoC-/jevat) [Elvat]. — o'ov [acav].
118. &TOLjcrMaT': 'put in readiness,' aor. imv. referring to a single
act.
119. wo [&]: we have the subj. in this final clause, because the aor.
imv. has regularly the force of a primary tense. G. 202, I.
120. XE6irrerE [ipaire]. -  8: the acc. of the rel. pron. has passed into
a conj. (cf. uod in Latin). In prose we should have had Sri-. --  pXECTl
&.XX: 'is going elsewhere,' i.e. 'is given to another.'-  puo: dat. of
disadv. G. 184, 3, H. 597.
121.  i1leiE'3e': the verb has become so established in its derived
meaning, 'answer,' lit. exchange words (sc. &7rean), that it takes an acc. of
the pers. like 7rpoa-e'q7.
122. The verse begins in courtly style; but, instead of the usual close,
&vat avspwiv 'A-yaeJlvwov, there follows the contemptuous rPLAorKTavc&rare
~ra',rwv. -   rrvrv: 'of all men.'
123.     s yap: 'How, pray? '
124.   8LEVi EVV^.LCL [1tfUEv KOwld]: translate the verse: 'Nor at all, methinks, do we know of common possessions stored up abundantly.'
125. The first ard is relative; the second, demonstrative. -  roXwov
[TrdAewv]. -  SScLrrtL: pf. from Saio.ua or saTeo-uoa. Ten years of the
war had been mostly spent in raids upon the lesser cities of the Troad, of
which Achilles had destroyed twenty-three. It was in such expeditions
that Chryseis and Briseis were made captives.
126. icraXkXoya TarVT' EcraYEpEwLV: 'pile these up (so as to be) collected together;' 7raAxlXoya expresses the result of E'rayeipeiv. See on
v. 39 -127. TrvS8: i.e. Chryseis. -  rp6-es (2 aor. imv. 7rpo-l7u1A) OEp: ' send
her forth (out of respect) for the god,' i.e. for Apollo.  6eeq is dat..o~
advantage.




ILIAD      I.


I7I


128. TpLtrXJ 'rETpcL7rXq 'r: 'thrice, yea, four times.' Cf. Verg. Aen.
I. 94, terque quaterque.-  aCl KE iroO [eav 7rou].
129. 8scrT [8$]: 2 aor. subj. 3 sing. The i subscript in the Attic form
5y is derived from the orig. ending -ai, and should not logically be written
in llora. It is, perhaps, to be explained as a mistaken correction of the
copyist, who remembered the L subscript in the Attic form, and assumed
that it should also be written in the Hom. form. - -oTXLV; TpoC7lv:
unlike Tpoirs 7irroAiepov (v. 164), undoubtedly refers to the city Troy.
131. 8^I oi7os: pronounce 8/ ou as one syllable by synizesis.
For the orig. meaning of 817, which is here apparent, see on verse 6I.
&aya0os Trep kiv: 'very brave as thou art.' 7rep is a freq. attendant of the
concessive ptc., but no concessive idea belongs to 7rep, which retains its
orig. meaning, 'in high degree' (from Wrept); here it qualifies &ya0s, 'very
brave.'
132. KXiWaT Vo6 [vy]: 'cheat by craft,' 'craftily cheat;' or vyo  may
be taken as a local dat. in its first meaning: 'cheat in thy thought,' which
nearly equals 'think to cheat.'
133. i e;0eLs: 'dost thou really wish? —  4p' 'Xn;: used as the
equivalent of inf. eXELV, and parallel with follg. o-09ai. -  a-TCws: adv.
from aVrTs, with changed accent; lit. 'in this very way,' i.e. 'vainly,' idly,'
'without a gift,' as is explained by Sevu1uevov.
134. 8evodEvov [8eo'Uevov]: G. 98, N. I, HI. 37I b.
136. tpo-avTes: I aor. ptc. from stem ap- (apaplariK). --- pcTlavTEs KLTd
Ov6pov: 'suiting it to my wish.' The sudden breaking off of the sentence
by suppressing the apodosis, - indicated by the dash, is called aposiopesis
(a&roo-tcrdlar s: lit. 'becoming silent'). If expressed, the apodosis would
have been something like KaxJcs CeeL. Cf Vergil's Aen. I, I39.
137. E... 8ocrLv [eav Se /x sio-alv], eyco 8S KEV aITOS YXoIaCL:
e' marks the commencement of the apodosis. and is not connective; it
may be rendered 'then,' or left untranslated. A similar instance of its use
occurred in v. 58. KEYV 'AwmaL: an instance of that use of the subj. in
Hom. which closely approaches the fut. indic.,-being, perhaps, a little
less positive. G. 255 and N., H. 720 e. In Attic there are only two grades
of expression, -fut. indic. and opt. with &v (potential opt.). The Hornm.
language has five varieties of expression, - fut. indic., subj., fut. indic.
with 6v, subj. with &v, opt. with &v.
138. TEOV [r6,v] --   AI'CVros: Ajax, the son of Telamon (Afas TXa,uC6 -vios), was the strongest of the Greek heroes, and during Achilles's absence
the bravest in defence, as Diomede was the boldest in attack. Cf. B 768,
r 226. -'O8o-ios ['Osvao'ows]: see on'AXLAos, v. i. Odysseus, the son
of Laertes, of the island Ithaka, was the shrewdest of the chiefs, and the
hero of the Odyssey. Agamemnon is made to insult gratuitously, in succession, the most distinguished of the Greek warriors.
139.  lv   aoXLLa: 'will go and take.' -   tcXo iXAv: 'will take and




I72


NOTES.


bring.' -   KeX(OX\'(raL: fut. pf. from XoXdw, i.e. 'he shall not only become,
but remain angry' (cf. KEKAX (ap, r I3s). KE (av) is joined with KeXo0XaeTai
and iccw/aL, as described in v. I37.
140.   LET'rapao6-eo-Oa: 'we will consider hereafter ' (tIETar).
141. In this and the follg. vv. occur several instances of aor. subjs.
with shortened mood-signs (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 17): p     a(cr()o ev,
a&yepo0exv (142), 0eiou'ev [0QxEPv] (143), iSao/ev (I44). These are all hortative subjs.
142.  peCias: from nom. sing. ipe'rtr.
143. KaCXXLrappov: compound of KaXds, 'beautiful,' and 7rapela,
'cheek.'
143. Join &v (for avCy by apocope, G. 12, N. 3, H. 73 D) with prl^opEv,
from which it is separated by tmesis.
144. Translate &apXd as predicate: 'Let one man, who can give counsel, be leader.'
145. Idomeneus was king of Crete.
147. 64p' i.Xoc<r(eaL ['v' ia',Xo-. - 'EKacpov: ordinarily explained
as 'Far-worker ' (eKacs, E'pyov), i.e.' Far-darter,' referring to the force of the
Sun-god's darts, even at a distance. Autenrieth derives the word from
eIds and E'p-yw: lit. 'one who shuts far away,' i.e. either from evil (' Protector') or in the lower world (' Death-god').
148. -Jir6opa: perh. for unroppaKc (u7rd, UepKouam), lit. 'looking under'
(angry eyebrows), 'with scowling glance.' There can hardly be found a
finer example of indignant invective than the passage vv. 148-I71.
149. acvacLSCiv eri'TLELIEV: ' clad in (as with a coat of mail, lit. ' clothed
upon with') shamelessness.' Verbs which take, in the active voice, an
acc. of the person and of the thing retain the acc. of the thing in the
passive. G. I64, 197, N. 2, H. 553 a. -- irw does not lose its final letter,
because 'vvvut, Lat. vestio, has initial F.
150. iTreo'rv: the double dat. is natural, because in obeying a command one also obeys the giver of the command (cf. in Lat. dicto audiens
esse aZicui; in other words, 'FreO' is the nearer, -rot (-OL) the remoter (indirect) object. It comes to the same thing to explain eireiL as a definitive
appositive of To0: 'thee,' i.e. thy words. H. 500 d. — _ relr,'arL: dubitative or deliberative subj.: 'How can one obey?' G. 256, H. 720 c.
151. 68v: cogn. acc. after eAeji4Evai [Ex09ev]; translate: 'either to
go on a foray or to fight mightily with heroes.'- Y+L: see on v. 38.
153. LaXl6JLev6s [,taxovt.Levos]: final syllable is here used as long
before the caesura.  See Essay on Scanning, ~ 5, 4. - '  OL: 'in my
sight.'  G. I84, 5, H. 60I.
154. oiS peiv [/u-vy]: cf. v. 77. Wealth in the heroic age consisted
chiefly in cows and horses. Cf. the derivation of Lat. pecunia and Engl.
chattel.
155. Phthia in S. Thessaly was the hereditary kingdom of Achilles.




ILIAD     I.                        173
The two fine-sounding adjectives which close the line describe the fertility
of the Thessalian plain.
156. eirt i: the diphthong EL may be considered as shortened in the
thesis before follg. vowel, or the i may be pronounced by synizesis with
the following t, - &'re I,/.
157. Notice the flowing sound of the first half of this spondaic verse,
on account of the number of vowels as compared with consonants.
158. orol: dat. of association with aua, G. I86, H. 602 b; yet the
verb eia-rJ/eda regularly takes the dat. The accent of aoi and its repetition - ao, aoi - indicate great emphasis.
159.  rl[lhpv CpvviLEvoL: 'seeking to obtain satisfaction.  apvviSevoL,
pres. ppvvutai, comes from a different root from aedpw [afpw]. Its primary
meaning is 'attain to.' -  K'vvTar: implies nom. Kuvcjnr7s, lit. 'with the
eyes of a dog,' 'dog-faced.' (Cf in v. 225 the equivalent expression KvvbW
ICuaCT' Xawv; cf. also Z 344, where Helen reproaches herself.) The noble
traits of the dog seem scarcely to have been noticed by the Greeks.
The word is constantly, both in compounds and alone, used to convey the
extremest reproach.  The single exception is the account of 'Argos,'
Odysseus's faithful hound (Odyssey, p 272).
160. Trv: gen. of cause, esp. freq. with verbs of emotion (see on
v. 65). -  FeTEoTp rf'7n: becomes a verb of emotion in its derived meaning;
lit. 'dost not turn thyself about,' i.e. 'dost not regard,' cf. Lat. re.
spicere. - - EyCtLo: 'not to care for,' see v. I80.
161. Kal sil: 'and now.' --  oL: could be joined with a&TreiXes, as
verbs of threatening govern dat. of person in both Greek and Latin; but
is better construed as dat. of disadv. with afaip7aaecrOa (see on v. 67).
CtiT6s: 'in person.'
162.   tarTT [Ed'' 5]: when dissyllabic preps. follow their objects, the
accent is drawn back to the penult. This retraction of the accent is called
anastrophe (&vaaTrpoq(p: 'turning back'). See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6. In
the second half of this verse, an instance occurs of the transition from
the relative clause to an independent sentence: 'for which I toiled
much, and the sons of the Achaians gave it to me,' instead of 'and which
the sons of the Achaians gave to me ' (see on v. 79).
163. oi LE'iv [oh /iv\]. -- roC: dat. after 7aov, lit. 'equal with thee,'
i.e. 'equal with thy prize.' This is an instance of what is called comparatio cohipendiaria, or abridged comparison. Cf. Xen. Anab. II, iii, I 5, i1 e
S/?is ';\fKTpov OUbME  ce/e0pe, where iXE'Jrpov =7 Ts 7lXeKTpoV 41eoWS.o'rror' [6rCrTav].
164. mrroXCeOpov: 'a city,'- not Troy, but some one of the numerous
cities on the Trojan plain (see on v. 125).
165. T-b trXeZov: 'the larger (harder) part.' -  rroXv-4iKos: the latter
part of this compound is the stem of taoacao, 'to leap,' lit. ' much springing,' i.e. fatiguing.' -- wroX Loto: generally to be translated 'combat,' -
not, as in prose, 'war.'




I74


NOTES.


166.  SLerovuo: 'bring to pass.' The act. forms ETrco, ae'7rw rarely
occur in Attic; the midd. forms are extremely common in the sense of
'follow.' -  &rop = CaVT'p [&aAd]: see on v. 5r.
167. Agamemnon, as generalissimo of the forces, has his special portion (^ypas) of all plunder, set apart in advance of lhe general distribution.
Achilles comes in only on a footing equal with the other chiefs. -- oiyov
TE Ch\OV TIE gXWV: lit. 'with (a prize) small and sweet,' —i.e. 'precious though
small.'
168. tnre; KE [eirdV] KyJ.O iroXq.l(tv: 'when I have fought myself
tired.'
169. EtJLL: 'I will go,' - pres. with the usual fut. signif. --  erdEl:
see on v. 156.
170. i'LJv [idYva]. — ro-iv vruaC [vau-f]: we constantly find 'with the
ships,' instead of 'on,' ie. 'on board of the ships;' cf., among many
examples, vv. I79, I83. — a- [ao]: dat. of advantage.
171. a&<veLv: fut inf. from pres. a&po-craw, lit. ' draw off.' Translate:
'Nor do I propose to stay here in dishonor, and to draw (like a hewer of
wood and drawer of water) for thee wealth and riches.'
173. 1j4X': 'by all means,' cf. v. 85. So the modern Greek uses fataiaTa: cf Lat. maxirme, as the equivalent for 'yes," certainly.' — er- eo'o'uraL:
pf. midd. from aesw with pres. signif., 'impels.'  Notice how smoothflowing this and the follg. vv. are from the numerous liquids which they
contain.
174. cvVK' iJ Eto [eJo U e'veKa].
175. o' KE TL^JrOOVX'L: see on v. I37. ---AqTi TaC  [77TLE'I-rS]: with
shortened final vowel and recessive accent. See Sketch of Dialect,
~ IO, 2.
176. gX0o-ros: 'most hateful;' for form, G. 72, 1, H. 222. -  I}OL:
'in my sight;' see on v. 153.-  A, orpE4es 3a coLXE]s [Atorpebe7s 3aoarAXsl: l&oTpE0/s and So-yEv's, ' Zeus-fostered' and 'Zeus-engendered' are
common epithets of kings, both implying membership in the heroic line
and a pedigree running back to Zeus.
177. As usual with an angry man, Agamemnon charges the quarrelsome spirit entirely upon his opponent.
178. Physical strength is nothing for a man to be very proud of, being
purely a gift of the gods. -  KcapTEpo6s a'o-L [KpaTrpbS ef].
179. IT'poLcL [eTrapolsl.
180. MvpjILSdvecrEL [Mvpuor5oarl: distinguish in translation the dat.
after the verb: 'play the ruler among (for) the Myrmidons,' from the
gen. with the same verb: 'be ruler over the Myrmidons.' The Myrmidons
were the subjects of Achilles. -  crE'Ev [-ovi]: see on v. I60.
181. 60olaLL (a-oS) KOTIOVTOS: 'trouble myself about your spite.'
182. Ws: adv. of comparison, 'just as.' The important part of the
apodosis is eycO K' 6&yw (subj. with Ke nearly equals fut. indic.); but the




ILIAD     I.                       175
r'-v fv... tirjlu is brought in to save Agamemnon from the appearance of defiance to Apollo's command. The sense may be thus given:
'Though (E'^v) I comply with the god and send, etc.; yet (Ue) I will have
my retaliation upon you, the cause of my loss; for I will go in person and
take, etc.'
1S3. vlt E'w: 'with (i.e. ' on' or 'by') one of my ships.'
185. Agamemnon appears in a hateful light in this and the two follg.
vv., when he declares that his motive in the threat which he makes is simply to show his greater power.  The distinction between Kcparepds and
fepTepoas-the former referring more to physical strength, the latter to
resources of various kinds in one's command-is clearly made below
(vv. 280, 281).
187.  to-ov;lol  O.3aL: 'to speak on a level with me,' 'to assert
himself my equal; ' 7o-o is originally a cognate accusative. -- bIOLWOiljieVya [6/o97]w;ivat] tVT-rV: 'to liken himself to me before my face;' Tivrv
is acdv. (cf. aTrpdtaTrv, v. 99).
188. II\XE';~OVL: dat. of possessor; the patronymic ending -iwv is
infrequent in comparison with -ijr7r, see on v. 7. -  ol: this is one of the
common cases where the dat. limiting the verb takes the place of a gen.
limiting the noun }rop or orT-Oeoct. Translate vv. i88, Sg9: 'VWoe came
to Peleus's son, and his heart was perplexed in double-wise in his shaggy
breast.'
190. cdrOryavov: probably derived from  -pd.aw, and so originally meaning 'slaughter-knife,' but here equals p fjos, aap, and means 'sword.'
191. rTO'U pI.v &vc.TT'aieLe: 'should make start up the rest of the
chiefs.' At the assembly of chiefs (B3auA  yepvrwov), the speaker stood
and the others remained sitting. Cf. vv. 5  3, ror. The opts. in this
v. represent subjs. of direct discourse (G. 256, II. 723 c.) changed to
opt. under the influence of the secondary tense gep,UptEYe-. --  vapCtoL:
'strip off armor' (e&apa), presupposes, of course, the killing of Agamemnon.
192. 0vup-dv: 'fury.'
193. etos [eos]: metate/sis qJntitatis. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ r, 4.
194. jqXe 8' 'ABive-1: Se in apodgosi; 'then came Athena.' The change
of tense marks the commencement of the apodosis. Cf. v. 58.
195. oLpav69E: [t oupavoO]. —irpo... Ke: tmesis. Cf. irpo'tacev,
v. 3.
196. &am4a: governed by <ptXoo'ra, for K77]o,uevt takes the gen. Cf. v.
209; cf. also H. 204, "Etcropd 7rep fLAXIEELS KaI K8El aLTrov.
197. o-rfi 8' 6-rL9sv: 'she stood behind,' or perh.' she stepped up from
behind' (see on v. 6 ) -  Ko6l.,; 'iXE [elxe]: 'plucked by the hair,' gen. of
part taken hold of. G. I71, i, H. 574 b.
198. bp.Tro [ecpa]l: see on v. 56.
199. Notice the four aorists in this and the next verse, all describing




176


NOTES.


single acts quickly accomplished. — _  0lSjo-ev [e8auava-ev]. -  er&...
4TpirreTO (2 aor. midd. from Tperro): here used in literal sense (contrast
with v. I60), 'turned him about.'
230. ot [aTrfi]: nearly equal to poss. gen. limiting o-cte (see on v. I88).
Translate the last hemistich: 'for her terrible eyes shone brightly.' Or
8ELV-. may be taken as predicate: 'dreadful was the gleam of her two
eyes.' — 4av3ev [fid.vgo'av].  Cf KprJrvov [Kpavov], v. 41.
201. Translate: 'and having raised his voice (as preliminary to speaking) he was addressing her with winged words.' Words are called 'winged'
because they 'fly' so quickly from the lip to the ear.
202. T(irr(e) [Tl T7ror].-  acr(e): 'again,' as if he had said 'One
vexation after another, here you are once more!'   c tyL6XOLO ALbs TrKO:
example of a combination of words (three dactyls) which fits easily into
the verse, and is used, perhaps, as a half-conventional phrase, without
very distinct thought of its meaning. -- el\Xiou9av0   [e'xAuas]: closes a
spondaic verse.
233. c18 [ipys]: see on v. 56. -  'ATrpe8ao ['ATrpE'ov]. In B 185 we
find 'Arpe'tew-. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ I, 4.
204. TEkei:c3a[: fut. inf. midd. with pass. signif.
235. us i'repowrXicr-L: 'because of his deeds of arrogance.'-  's:
dat. pl. fem. of the poss. pron. 8's, which is poetic. In Attic Greek, the
place of the poss. pron. of the 3d sing. is supplied by the gen. of the per.
sonal pron. avroD, ajrjs. The article alone has also frequently the force
of a possessive. — raXa roE: 'at no distant day,' 'right soon.' _.      o.. \r': potential use of subj. (see on v. 137).
237. -'TO ov IA'Vos: 'that wrath of thine.' --  KE w'-Oca. [[arv trOp]:
see on v. 67.
298. oupavod9ev: cf. v. 195.
209  - 196.     Distinguish b^t/s: adv. 'alike,' and s/ws: conj. 'yet.'
210. Eios: gen. of separation, 'from strife.' — aKEo [eAcov]: imv.
prs. ' be drawing.'
211.  irel-t: 'with words,' if only deeds of violence be foregone. -
a&s [aeraC wep [o'rtfrp Ca'orm]: lit. ' as shall be,' an elliptical phrase capable
of different interpretations. It may mean: ' as you will do (in any case),'
or it may refer to the future humiliation of Agamemnon, in which case a
word must be supplied, and we might translate: 'predicting how it shall
be.' In this and the follg. vv. three different forms of the future of eitu
occur.
212.   3e ya&? VepEi:  another freq. combination of words (penthemimeris), see on v. 202, which fits easily into the verse.-  ro: how decide
whether relative or demonstrative? The presence of conj. e' decides.
214.   'ppLos [u'Spsws]: notice omission of the article, which would be
expected in Attic. -  ICXEo ['Xov]: 'restrain thyself.'
216. orotrTepov: poss. pron. (poetic form) formed from dual of the




ILIAD     I.                        177
pars. pron. of 2d person. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 14, I. Translate: 'the
word of you both,' i.e. of Athena and Hera. -- EpvoortaoactL (closes sponcdic verse): ' respect,' ' observe.' It is doubtful whether this form is to be
derived from the root (F)epJ-, epvwc, 'draw,' or from a root (o-)epF-, Lat.
serv.zire. It is easy to derive, from the idea of 'drawing to one's self (for
protection),' the meaning 'defend,' 'maintain,' ' respect.'
217. Kal p.Xa\a trep KEXoh Xwvov [cKaFrep jaAxa KEXoAwuev'ov]: the separation of Kati rep (like Us -rep, v. 211) may be compared to tmesis. KEXoAWuevov agrees with subj. of EipvCaao-ai, i.e. eIe or TIvd.
218. ' Whoso obeys the gods, they hearken well to him.' For sentiment, cf Prov. xv. 29, John ix. 31. In E'KAov we have the first example
of the gnomic aor., to express a general truth (so called because this use
of the aor. is freq. in proverbs, -yvcwal). G. 205, 2, H. 707. The aor.
here is equal to a prs. and hence the subj. in conditional rel. sentence.
--;s KE e7rLTrridClrTa: general condition referring to present time. If r'
before KcAuov is for TE, it may be compared with the same word in vv. 81,
82. There the enclitic is found with no connecting force in both principal and subordinate clauses; here it stands only in the apodosis. Others
would see in r', the particle roN, and translate: 'surely.'
219.?i: ipf. 3 sg. from defective verb ixc, Lat. aio, occurs in Hom.
only in this form. In Attic Greek, {JLL, I sing. prs., and 4v and,, I and 3
sing. ipf., are found. -- a-9e [ero-El: 'held,' 'stayed;' for formation
in 0, see G. II9, II. H. 411, D.
220.  oa-E [E'wo-e: from cOJe. -oi8'.&rl0Til': first instance of litotes.
Litotes (AXrod'Tr, 'simplicity') is a form of statement which, because of its
studie( simplicity, and evident inadequacy, is accepted for much more
than it actually asserts. Here, e.g. 'did not disobey' = ' did not fail to
obey '- ' obeyed at once.' Examples of litotes are familiar in all literatures. Compare Milton's 'with unblessed feet'=' with feet accursed.'
Nor is this figure of speech by any means confined to poetry, but it is very
frequent in prose: e.g. a citizen of 'no mean city;' his last service was
'not his least.' Dr. 0. W. Holmes remarks that the humor of many persons consists largely in understatement. That this is very true of American humorists will be evident to any one who peruses a few pages of
Mark Twain or Artemus Ward.
221. pEIp)K(L: 'was gone.' As the pf. in Iom. freq.=-prs., so the
pl upf. naturally = ipf.
222. 8dalT'' Es: 'into the palace.' -  Ier.& Sactovas &iXXovs: lit. 'into
the midst of,' i.e. ' after other deities.'
223. raT?,TTpO;S: 'hard,' ' unfeeling.'
224. Xqye Xd6oo: see on v. 210.
225. Kuvvbs.a.r' [Xwov (see on v. 159): expressive of utter shamelessness, as Kpa8trv eAdc&oio (Exwv) denotes extreme cowardice: 'with the
eyes of a dog, with the heart of a deer.' It might be more natural to
say in English: 'with the eyes of a dog, with the heart of a hare.'




I78


NOTES.


226.   3 rro'X~Aov: 'for combat,' last syllable of 7rodA'lav lengthened
in arsis before caesura. -,ca = (-()/aLa.
227. To 'lie in wait in am)ush ' is the highest test of the courage of
the Homeric hero. This duty falls to the 'champions,' apLarTes.Yp,.Tti1o —irL [apLO-revO-L].
28.   Klp: lit. ' death-angel,' i.e. death in person, certain death. Distinguish,'1 c'Jp and r6 Ki/p: 'heart.' -- SEraL [L8ocKcj: from I-Ion. pres.
cEi'3.ua. Notice parataxis in sentence introduced by 6-=- yap.
23. XrLov [AXov]: 'more gainful.'-        KCE.-3. rrpwarv cpU6v: 'throughout the broad (widespread, as lying in camp) army.'
230.  ir-o-aLpcr'a.'.: the failure to elide shows that ape'w orig. began
with a consonant, which, however, is sometimes (rf. v. iS) ignored. -
SJrLs ['Os a&v] e'tr: for subj. see on v. 218. —  r3cv [o]: gen. depends
upon the adv. avrTov.. G. 82, 2, H. 589.
231. pa[o-LXss: nom. in exclamation, which sometimes takes the place
of a second voc. (it here follows oivofiap's). G. I57, N., II. 541. o —   O -
SavotOrL: for dat. see on v. I8o, 'among worthless subjects,' lit. 'people
of no account' (otrLs). The second half of the verse explains how it is
possible for him to be 8-olof3QJpos.
232. fj yap &v.. X. oK -aOo: 'for verily thou wouldest offer insult
for the last time,' were not thy subjects worthless (el /11' Our,.vots avdaro: s). Instead of supplying the ellipsis, we may use the word 'else ' (=' if
this were not so'): 'else thou wouldest surely,' etc.
233. er: adv. 'besides,' 'thereto.' Notice the lengthening of a final
vowel before follg. liquid (easily and doubtless doubled in pronunciation);
pronounce E'rt /uje'-yav. Cf. v. 283, and see Essay on Scanning, ~ 5, 3.
234. T'oS oQ-iTrrpOV: each speaker in the assembly received from the
herald the scepter, which gave the recipient the right to speak (the floor)
as long as he held it. Cf. r 218.-  iV [f/yv].
235. uo-(ei: fut. act. from  pVu. _ rpCra.: 'first,' i.e. 'once for all.'
--    o0jii v (zreyw, 'cut'): 'stock,' 'stump.' —  6pcro-r: dat. pl. from
Up3S.
236. 'n7rEpl yp (p e XbaXKos 9\e'<Ecv: the verb takes two accusatives as a
verb of depriving: 'for, see ('a)! the steel hath stripped off from it (e, here
neuter) on every side (7repi) its leaves and bark.'
2S7. JLtv [arodl.
238. 8LKacro-OXoL: 'warders of justice.' —  OEqLToTas 'rpbo  ALbs cLoparac: 'maintain the laws in the name of (lit. before the face of) Zeus.'
It is uncertain whether E;puaara is a sync. prs. [ipv(o)vrai], or a pf. with
prs. signif. For root and radical signif. see on v. 2I6.
239. o 8E: ' and this.' 6 instead of rd from the influence of the pred.
noun OpKos. H. 513 c.
240. 'AXLXXfos: obj. gen. after 7ro0h,' longing for Achilles.'  iTera
[&>tlera]. ---vtlas: in Attic Greek, a prep. would be required. G..62,
H. 551.




ILIAD I.


179


241. -rcts: dlat. of advantage after Xptuev 'to help them.' See on
v. 28S.
24i2 617i-' dv 1I-"a,]. -bV '"EKT'opoS: gen. of agent is natural, because
2i7iTWOajo- is in effect a passive verb and equivalcnt to, 'are thrown clown.'
The gen. might equally wvell bc connected with Ov-1a'co-rE11CS.
21-3.  L,.6~_CLS  'thou shalt rend.'
244. " r': 8" =- quo], as in v. I120, Tie having no appreciable force.
Thus 8 'rE is equal to 0`7 r-e. O-ri never loses  by elision.  It is Horn.
simplicity, and no boasting, for the hero to call himself "pio-TrOS 'AXaii~v.
-     XWjL~~    see on v. i153.
246.   irvcra.pli'vov (pf. ptc. from 7rdpw' 'pierce')  'studded.'-  tT
247. &T6PWOC~V: 'on (lit, from) the other side; cf. Lat. ex alteraparte.
_EVJiqvLe (ipf. from jiuqvic): 'was giving vent to his rage.' - TOZo-L: See
on v. 58.
243. av6pova-c: i aor. from Opom'ico [C~ptvmq~j.- _XLy1U's: 'clear-voiced.'
_ — yoPJ4-iS: lit. 'one who speaks in the ayopa';' synonymous with
24 )-. ToiJ [o]1: poss. gen. limiting yAWda-?7s.  The force of Kaf' can
hardly be given in English.     Cicero, dle Sencciute, x. has translated this
verse e x eyus lingu-Ia m1C~e l/ ulcior-fluebat oarctio. - -yXurnfwv [(vcnP~]
PEW [rppu]: G. 9S, N. I, H. 371 b.
250.   ri  'for him,' i.e. ' before his eyes,' 'during his life;' for dat.,
G. I84, 3, N. 1, H. Goi. - j~p.Ep7rcW: the derivation of this word is uncertain; its probable meaning is, ' mortal.'
251. Z~CLL' [&POW70 or e'pOtm.i'Voi -~o-axv]: lplupf. pass. from  4peh/w.
Vet the sync. 2 aor. ~CpjOf,.tnP coincides in form with plupf. - o. [afTn~,
see on v. I158. - — rp64c~v [l'TPad(P7lo-aV, 2 aor. pass. from Trpe~o].i4&' 'y'vovro: the natural order sceems reversed. This lhyster-on-y;rotrc on
may 1)e explained by saying that the order is the natural one to one look.
ing, lback.
252. [LcTU'. 7PLT.TLOLTL [C'v -rpLTOIS]  this use of /IerT with dat. in sense
of 'among' is wholly Homeric. C~f A6i.
2513. ca-L ta~'no~s]. -   jzLrE7-CL-rcv: C'EilrOi' is redupl. 2 aor. from stem
Fc —r-. The full form was e-Fe-Fs-r-ov. After the digammas fell away, the
second and third ejpsilons were contracted into EL.' The initial e is the
syllabic augment. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ I5, 2.
254. `"f2 a;-67-oL: interjection expressing either dismay, as here; or do.
light, as in B 27:2. Before vocatives 6S is always written IS. Cf. Engl. 0!1
and oh!
255.   Y~3j-OAma: 3 sg.  aor. opt. fromn -yojOC'W.
2 56 loKC~apoli-,o: redupl. 2 aor. opt. from Xa'W
257.   ' If they learned all this (tale) of your strife'  the gen. (dual)
depends Upon TdaE.




i8o


NOTES.


258. iwepl (in the first hemistich) =  rreplea-re. The verb takes after it
a gen. (as a word of superiority), and 3ozuA',v, as al ace. of specification;
the explanatory inf. Udc-Xo-Oat is precisely equivalent to an ace. of specification /uaX'v.
253.,a oSe, Kic: an example of parataxis; instead of V8, we might
have had, in prose, yap.
260. 16E-rE, [;7rcp or j]. u —  v: attracted from nom. v/u'zs (sc. Core)
by the preceding apsioLs.
262. ou y/Lp zroo [oUrw ydp]. — '  S8JLLi [i5ouL iia, or u'o,ua:]: see on
v. I37.
263. oov IIELpaoov: attracted into the ace. by T-oovs &ydpas of v. 262.
A regular construction would require oTos ',)v flipt3aos. Peirithoos was
king of the Lapithai, a powerful tribe in Thessaly.  Dryas, Kaineus,
Exadios, and Polyphemus were chiefs of the Lapithai. To the marriage
of Peirithoos with Hippodameia, the wild tribe of Centaurs were invited.
Under the influence of wine, they attempted to carry off the bride and other
women of the Lapithai. Theseus and Peirithoos led the resistance, and
the Centaurs were overcomz. The fact that Theseus, the national hero
of Athens, was associated by old legend with Peirithoos, probably led to
the interpolation of v. 265 in the interest of Athens, by some Athenian
rhapsodist.
266. KpaTLTTOL: metathesis. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 7, 2. 8' emphasizes the superlative: 'the very strongest.' -  KE~'VOL [eiKcioz].
267. pE'v [\I: so also in vv. 269, 273.
268. {ipo-Lv (probably an Aeolic form for  7poai): ' wild people,' lit.
'wild beasts;' the Centaurs were represented, in later times, as half man
and half beast. r- IrwXEo'oa v: transitive, sc. avrovs.
270.   s a&rwts yaC(qs: defines Tr77,X9e, ' from far away, [namely] from
a remote land.' — aVro,: the fact that the heroes ' themselves ' sent for
him shows what was his reputation even in his youth.
271. KO.T 'r' av'ro'v: 'by myself,' either as single combatant or at the
head of his followers. The meaning is that he was not a subordinate,
but fought independently. This no one of his present contemporaries
could imitate (otrts &ay aXeoITO).
273. 1CEU povA-Ev tVVLEV [Tr'v Bovuv iyov Oavvlea-av]: ' listened to my
counsels.' G. I71, 2, H. 576.
274. Compare the repetition of the verb,rei0ooLai in this and follg. v.
with the repetition of Kicap'r7ro in v. 265.
275. u&ya0s wrvop ejv: see on v. 131r.i -- oatpeo [&apapov]: see on v.
230. -  KOVupv: see on v. 98.
276. ma: prs. imv. from edw.
277. IIrqXeCi3 VX': pronounce 87r-e0eX', by synizesis. p- epLLvcuva
[efpic(v]. -  ao'LXqL: for dat. G. I86, N. I, H. 602.
278. oSiiro9' p.ol'qs: 'never a like,' i.e. 'always a greater,' an example
of litotes. -   u.lJop: 2 pf. from ueSpouac, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 22, T.




ILIAD I.


I8i


279.   Tfr [e]: enclitic re without appreciable meaning. See on v. 86.
280. eio-L, -ycvaTro: both in protasis; the apodosis begins with &AX'.
For loss of accent of &ax' with elided vowel, see G. 24, 3, I-I. Io. -
irXEove-re-L [7rxAeoG-]: for dat. see on v. I79.- For distinction between
KprTpCOS and CMj,,Tpos: see on vv. 178, I86.
232. o-v 8': 'and do thou,' turning to Achilles. — TE6V [ao'v].
223. XCo-rojL(cL): this elision could not occur in prose. -- 'AXLXX'q:
dat. of advantage with u.EO'ei.EV [/0.6eoviEa, 2 aor. inf. from  EEOiSJziL], translate: 'to abate thy wrath for Achilles.' i.e., since he is the reliance of the
Achaians.
284. YrokX4xoLo: objective genitive after p/pos, 'bulwark of (in) combat.'
287. 8S' &vip [iiO8 6 & Aip]. -  irepi... pp}eva  [7repLevai]: see on v.
258. Agamemnon has no substantial charges to make against Achilles,
but can only reiterate what he has already (vv. 175 follg.) said.
289. TLv(a): 'one (at least);' he means, of course, himself. nTv, is
subj. of 7reia'eOal, after which a is cogn. ace.
291. irpoio9vovL: often taken from TrpoOew, in which case the form
requires no comment. One would translate: 'On this account do words
of insult rush forth for him (oi) to utter?' But one may consider 7rpoOeovar
= rpTrOEcao't, as if there were a pres. Oe'w formed from the stem 0e- of Ti077A,,
and translate: ' On this account do they (i.e. the gods) permit (lit. 'set
before ') him to utter words of insult.'
293. {I -yip KE KCLXEaXcoLV: see on v. 232.
294. wrav tpyov: ' in every matter,' not necessary to sense but anticipates OTTI KEV e'7rps.
295. y5ip: calls attention to the fact that the prohibition ju-o ajuacve
is the reason for the command e7riTEAXEo. Translate: 'Lay these commands on others if you choose (US); you certainly (yap) shall not be
giving directions to me.'
2~6. o' yip..... 6'to: repeated sarcastically from Agamemnon's
threat, v. 289.
297. Common verse to introduce a transition.
298. XEPri (scarcely differs in meaning from Bra): 'by force.' —
obTroi: 'by no means.' Distinguish oUroL, and ou'roi: 'these.' -- et'veK
KouprlT [KOpitrs eV'eKta]: 'on account of a maid.'
299. -T [TrYL]. - - iTf P &qc)eir08' ye So 8'v-: 'since you but took
away what you gave.'
300. TCV &\XXov: part. gen. depending upon i.. -- Tov in follg. v.
takes up again.rCav awv, but is not necessary to complete sense.
302. Ei &' I-ye: with el, it is generally supposed that Bov'AEL is to be
supplied: 'but, if thou dost wish, come on.'- -yvWo'w [lyYvco-].
303. lptoio-re: 'pcFw, in this and in one other place, 7 441, means
'flow;' elsewhere always, 'hang back from,' 'recoil from.'
305. &voW-rfinv: for apocope, see on v. I44. The assembly was dissolved by rising, ava'r4-'Tiv Xoa-av [avaardvTfes AXuoavl.




182


NOTES.


306. e'tOas ['oas]: an E was frequently prefixed, for greater ease in
pronunciation, to several words which orig. began with F. It was easier
to say eFo-os than Fio-os. Another example is eeLfoos, 'twenty,' cf. Lat.
vicginti.
307. 1cvoGVLTLU'8^: for formation of patronymic, see G. 129, 9 b., H.
466. Considerable familiarity with the events of the Trojan war is taken
for granted. Here it is assumed that Patroklos will be known by his patronymic alone. -  ols erdop3o-L-. = Tros ETaipqLs.
303. Ooiv: one of Homer's habitual epithets. _  &XaSe [es aAa].
309. spermas: from nom. sing. CpCT7S. -  r —EKpLV: the verb is used
in a pregnant signif. ' chose (for and sent) into.' -   eeicoor: see on
laoas, v. 306.
310. pfiSr [eBi8ao-E]: I aor. with causative signif.
311. iv 8': 'and among them,' adverbial.
312. KieXvOa: species of cognate ace. after 7re'rAeov, cf. such phrases
as lEvaS 6o3So, G. I59, N. 5, H. 547, b.
313. The people had not washed during the continuance of the plague.
Now they are to bathe themselves and cast off (43aAAoov) the offscourings
(Avuara) into the sea. This rite was symbolical of their desire to remove
whatever in their persons had occasioned displeasure in the god.
315. TX'  ao'o'as: 'bringing fulfilment,'' effective.'
316. Oev'(a): see on v. 34; if the noun were in dat., the accent of the
elided form would be 0iv'. --   rTpuyiroLo: '  restless,' a habitual epithet
(see on v. 308).
317. ovpav6v: ace. of limit of motion, used very freq. in Hom., without
preposition, of both persons and places. k — XLcro-oLEvi wptpi KOakV(O:
'whirling around in smoke,' i. e. the fragrant smoke of burning flesh
rose within (distinguished by its color) the smoke which ascended from
the burning wood. Kcarv4, is local dat., and rnept is adv.
318. TO. [raua]: i.e. 'their duties.' -  err7rECX're: for the threat,
see v. IS8 follg.
320. Tak6pLov: Herod. (vii. 134) tells us of those who still claimed
to be descendants of the Hom. Talthybios. -  EVpvu3Tir7v: in B 184 a
like-named herald of Odysseus is mentioned.
321. Tor oL g'cav [& aurwc -7)av]. -  K'PVKE: word of wider signif. than
our 'herald;' it involves the idea of personal service rendered, something like ' body-servants,' ' henchmen.' Oeprpwv, on the other hand,
implies a relation more near equality even than that of esquire to his
knight.
323. EXcv-r(e): nom. agreeing with subj. of a&ye4ev, here used as imv.,
'take by the hand and lead' (see on v. 21).
324.  it 8EKE j pSl 80nQL [eay Ve /xu s i] Yl  8: example of s' in apodosi
(see on v. T37), 'then I will come and take.'
325. r6: 'it,' i.e. his coming and taking. -- Ko. pC'yov: 'even more




ILIAD I.


I83


dreadful.'  This comparative, like Kedp3Lov from  epS3os, KVTrepoOY from
a;Wo, is formed from the stem of a nouni and has no p)ositive. -   pVcs
(Lat.fij'4's) 'cold,' 'chill,' so that p)i3L. lit. means 'more chilling.'
323. i:Sar-cpob.... crcAv: parataxis, cmphasizing thc succe.ssive
ac's. We might have expressed it as a dependent clause: 'while he
was laying a stern charge upon them.'
323   inr TE Ko'r ais: the preposition is here expressed which was
omitted v. 322.
330. &pa: ' I ween.' --  y1i0cr-v: aor. denotes the inception of a
feeling, 'feel delight.'
331. -ap3o3EravTE: also of sudden feeling, 'struck with dread.'- aiSo,,;ev: 'reverencing' (his rank), of habitual mental attitude.
332.  po'y.ro: 'were they asking.' eplo-Iat = EipaUaL =epa p,uaLi [epwTrd.]
333.    iyv'io: a real hiatus, whereas yvw FjrLo is only apparent hiatus.
34, The heralds, in Homer, are iunder the especial protection of
Zeus; later, Hermes was their patron.
335.   LoL: see on v. I53.
336. o [os]: article used as relative. -  a-crL: 'you both.'
337. IIturp6oXis: contracted 3 decl. voc. for IaTrp6KAXes, G. 52, 2, N.
3, I. I80. Below, v. 345, occurs the 2 decl. form.
333, o-<tiv: the dual forms of the pron. of 3d pers. are enclitic. Contrast this forn with ao-&i, v. 336. T-  T  avrL [roVTTw aurT]: 'both of
these men themselves,' not, as in Attic, 'the same.'
339.  rp'os: 'before the face of.'
340. rov: with strong demons. force, 'that king, ruthless as he is.' —
Ei yEYTlrax [eaiv yevr/rTa]. -  81s aCre: synizesis (see on v. 277).
341.,xeCLo [eAoV]: obj. gen. after Xperw.
342. Toss &\XoLs: dat. of adv., common constr. in Hom. after this
verb instead of gen. of separation (see on v. 67).
343. To 'think at the same time of the past and the future' is the
mark of wisdom, for we judge of the future only by the past. A similar
expression occurs r o19.
344. p.aXe':vrT [{,xoLvrTO]: as the tense of o78 is primary, the mood
should strictly be subjunctive; the opt. represents the purpose as remoter.
315.;Xo: see on v. 20.
247. 6tiyev: inf. of purpose (see on v. 5). — 'rv [Peir7v].
348. aexo-u': because she loved Achilles.
343. EiTa&o2: connect with vdoa'p XTaaOeis.
359. 0iv' E' &aXs: 07v(a) depends upon Iert, a dependence not indicated, in this case, by anastrophe, Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6, I. -- iks: the
sea near the shore: ITrVros: the deep sea.
351. ilpTaT0o: from prs. apo0jaLi — woXr\i: used as in v. 35 with
verb of praying. -- oe-yvis: 'stretching out' his hands, ie. toward the
sea, the home of Thetis.




184


NOTES.


352. irep: 'very,' heightens the meaning of fviuvOdaiov, see on v. 131.
-- 61S\eY [163ELAe]: ipf. 3 sg. Be careful not to connect it with opeAAw,
'increase.'
356. aqTl'q17'e: sec on v. I. —   rovps [araupo-as]: anomalous
aor. ptc., referred to a7ravpdw.
358. PlvaOro-o. from nom. sing. ei'vOos [t3dos].
359. cvESv: lit. '<went up to the top of.' Hence the idea of departure
or flight, and the meaning ' left' with follg. gen. of separation, &ads.
--  Ur' [W&onrEp]: any one who has seen a mist disappear from the surface
of the sea will appreciate the propriety and beauty of the comparison,
71UT OiuXX.
361. KaTr'peCe: 'stroked,' uncertain from what prs. The form suggests the pres. KaTa-pEcw, but the meaning would more readily be derived
from cKar-opE7yw. -   tros '8 aT', 'K T' ovojLatev: ' spoke (lit. 'spoke a
word') and called him by name. The name of the person usually follows
immediately. Here 're'vov is equivalent to such a name.
362. cE 4)pevas: 'you,' ie. 'your heart, 'your breast.' ppevas is in
partitive apposition with a- (see on v. 150).
363. e'L8oj.E [eif&juv]: pf. subj. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 24, 4, d.
365. TraCLra 7dvrTa: obj. of ayopesw. -   ei8usv: implies in a general
way the omniscience of the gods, even of those, like Thetis, of secondary
rank.
366. kXcoeT9': i.e. in one of the marauding expeditions in the Troad
(see on v. 125). Achilles speaks with perfect naivete, unconscious that
participation in such warfare might be considered cause for censure._
O',qPv: Thebe, under Mt. Plakos in Mysia, was the home of Hector's
wife Andromache. Cf. Z 371-425. -- LEpiv: orig. meaning ' strong,'
though the later common signif. 'sacred' is also frequent in Hom.
367. This verse is a brief description of ancient warfare: the sacking
of the city includes the slaughter of most of the men, and the sale into
slavery of the women and children.
368. Trd tLV: like rdvara in v. 367, refers chiefly to women. — e:
'fairly, 'justly,' 'duly.'
369. (K 8' gAov: as yFpas of the generalissimo, see on v. I67.
370. 8' aL9': ' and thereafter.'
372-379 = I2-I6, 22-25.
330. 7rciXLv: as in v. 59, of place, 'back again.'
381. The simplicity of the language and thought guards sufficiently
against obscurity, and we easily perceive that the subj. of <iAos ]ev is
6 yepcw; or a word referring to it.
382. PeXos: sing. used in collective sense. Cf. v. 51; cf. also acKpvu
Xcwv, v. 357. In of Oe vv Aaoi and rd 8' e'7rwXXo KicAa Oeo7o, we have good
examples of the demonstrative use of the article, the substantives being
appended as appositives: ' and so (v) they, the people;' ' and they were




ILIAD I.


I85


speeding, shafts of a god.' --  r-aoouT4a-v OL: in form, a double comparative. The reg. comp. from &yXL is ao-ov, and to aoa-u- (Aeolic for aooo-)
-Tepos is affixed.
384. &.'il: see Sketch of Dialect, ~ I4, I.
335. CeoTiporiacLs: see on v. 109. —'EKTrOLO: nom."EKcaros is regarded
as a short form ('pet-' or 'nick-name') for 'Ecar7,6dAos, v. 370.
386. irpOT-os KEX\d.iV: 'was the first to urge.'
388. ^ireLXtlcrev.v3ov: ' uttered a threatening word,' the verse beginning with spondees befits the portentous announcement; for acc. px.Oov,
see G. 159, R., II. 547 d. -  6 [os].
390.  wrrTrovoLr: ' are escorting.' — &VaiKT: Apollo (cf. vv. 36, 75).
391. Translate: 'But heralds have just gone forth from my tent leading the other (Trv C), the maiden, Briseus's daughter.'
392. TTqV [ ].
393. irepC-oxfo [7repLeXou]: lit. ' hold (thine arms) about,' 'protect.'iqos: an anomalous form; commonly explained as gen. of Hom.. adj.
7i's [ayaO6s] with changed breathing, and translated 'brave.' If we accept this rendering, we have here another instance of Homeric naivete
(see on v. 244). But it is quite probable that the orig. form was Eolo [ou],
gen. of possessive pron., and that this could orig. be used of all persons.
Here it would mean 'thy.'
394. Ai kC.o-at: final vowel lengthened before liquid, as in v. 233.
395.  T~reL: ' by word ' —  vlnTcas: I aor. from ovivnxu, ' didst please.'
396.  rcap6s: i.e. Peleus. Connect oeo with &Kouora; 'raTp6s with ueydpoosrr.
397. ST'(E) 4nj-qa.: ' when thou wast saying;' not strictly necessary,
as awyva, could depend upon the idea of saying implied in EVXofier7s.
399. orrrdre: ' when once upon a time.'
400. As the three deities here mentioned are the very ones who are
most active in behalf of the Greeks, Zeus will be likely to aid the Trojans,
were it only to thwart their wish.
401. {'7ireXv-ao: v7ro, ' from under the weight of,' for the deities are
thought of as having already laid hands on Zeus.
402. WX' [aKa]: cf. Lat. ocior, ociis. - - iaKpov: 'long' in reference
to height and depth, 'lofty.'
403. When two names for the same object existed side by side, one
was frequently referred to the speech of the gods; the other to the speech
of men (cf. B 813). The divine name is usually of clearer significance
Briareus means' Crusher' (Bfpiaps). A-yafwv may be traced back, through
ay-y, to aiyif, a&iarw, and probably means ' Rusher.'
404. oZ rraTpo's: patris sui, Poseidon; oV is gen. of possessive pron.
406. KaU.: compare in meaning with cat in v. 249, 'he it was whom.'
Notice the paronomasia in vTr-ieSiaav and r87a'av.
407.,1a youvwv: gen. of part taken hold of (cf. vv. 192, 323). The




I86


NOTES.


form yovvwvo is a simpler one than Attic yovarwv. It consists of the stem
of the word, yovu-, a:d the gen. pl. ending -wv. Out of yovFcwv has come.yovvwv. The Fis heard before, instead of after, v.
40i. aL Kiv 'ros 'i4J"EcrL ix Tp Icr o-'L dp;ai;: 'on the chance that he
may perhaps choose to give aid to the Trojans;' we have here an example of the posterior condition (see on v. 67).
499. giXck-a  (from present eiAeX, stem FeA-): depends upon eiOApos.
Though a liquid stem, it takes the tense-sign a- in I aor. The original
initial F accounts for the apparent hiatus aAa eak'ai, as also for the
syllabic augment in 2 aor. pass. Edx7v (EFa?7xv).
410.,iroKTELVoaEiVOV3: here used as passive, though usually the pass.
of a-roKTeivw is represented by the proper tense of &aroOv'a-iKw.
412. 8 T' [o -ri e]: see on v. 244. — &TiV: 'folly,' 'infatuation.'
413. KaT... X.. 6ov-a: tmesis.
414. aval: adv. with -reTKova-a, 'having brought thee forth to my woe.'
415. alO' O6EXfS [eW wf &EAEs]: 2 aor. from 6oeLAxw. -  &1aKp-VOS Ka1
aorlLcav: perh. a kind of litotes = ' ull of joy and happiness.'
416..i'vuvOa: adv. limiting Eiari understood; eoarT may be translated
'continues.' —  wp: as in v. 131. - -8iv (orig. aFy,) lengthens a preceding
vowel.
418. 'irXEo (2 aor. from  7re'Aoya): 'thou hast become.' --:
'therefore.' -  KaKU aLoI T'IKOV: equivalent to aiva 'reKooa-a, v. 4I4.
419. TOiVTO 9rOS [rovTo Tro 7tros].
423. "OXvJrwov: the mountain in Thessaly (cf. v. 44), not vaguely
'heaven.' — a KI: 'on the chance that ' (see on v. 67).
421..nrrap.ejvos: 'sitting near,' with idea of inaction, as in v. 438; cf.
also B 6S8, 694.
423.  AT' AiLtow-ras; as in v. 222. The Homeric Okeanos is a great
stream flowing around the earth. The Aethiopians are represented as a
pious folk who dwell in two tribes on the edge of the earth's disk, to the
S. E. and S. W. -  a.IvLyovas: see on v. 92.
424. XOtL6s: adj., though more conveniently translated as adv. (cf.
v. 497). -   KoaTC Sa.ra: ' on ground of a feast.' —  Yrovro [dE'rovTo].
426. xakKop3ars 8S [S&jua]: 'palace with bronze threshold.' The
palace of Zeus, as well as those of the other gods, was the work of
Hephaistos (cf. v. 607).
427. yovvcrooFLLa: has acquired the secondary meaning and transitive
signification, ' beseech.'
428. a&-EBiPcrEro [&7arei7, cf. E 133]: I aor. with inflection of 2 aor.aCrrov: 'there.'
429. yuvcaLK6s: for case, see on v. 65.
430. &Kovros: gen. dependent upon f8p, 'in despite of him (though)
loth.' Do not join the gen. with awrrippwv, which takes a double acc.
431. &yov: appropriate word, because a hecatomb consisted of cattle.




ILIAD      I.


187


43?. rroXvpev;os: from nom. sing. 7roXvYevyros. -  ivr: constantly
used in Hom. as a prep. (see on v. 7I).
4      o-'.  -crra crTs\cvro: 'they took in t/'i'r (force of midd.) sails.' For
pictorial representation of Horn. ship, see I-Horn. Dict., Platc IV.
434. 'riOrTJvcoL-Lv *viiCvs [2 aor. ptc. uL-inLt]: 'letting it down by
(slacking off) the fore-stays.'
439. TrV: i.e. vavv. -- wrpoepEoa'rav: from 7rpo-EpeioG'co.
436. Ev.as: 'mooring-stones,' large stones serving the purpose of anchors, to which ropes were attached. --  KaTTic8cv: 'bound fast.' The
vessel was anchored, bow toward the sea, by the EvYai. The 7rpufv/i'osa,
'stern-cables,' kept the stern close to shore.
437. e7rLi p/-ytiZvL: the effect of the orig. initial F of pr-yjLzv, (Fpilyvvujt,
frango) is seen in the lengthening of the preceding vowel by position.P3C.vav: 'were disembarking, i.e. one after another. This is the descriptive ipf. Notice, in vv. 437-9, three examples of tmesis.
43). The large number of spondees in this verse (it contains only one
dactyl) is noticeable. The slow movement of the line suggests that it
describes the debarkation of the most important person. La Roche says
that the spondees are appropriate to her slow motion along the plank,
and the dactyl to her spring from its end
440.  mrriL pwo6v: for her restoration was out of fear of the god, not
from any love for her father.
441. TiaC [eiOecl].
442. r-rp6 r' lirq4cev: 'sent me forth.'
443. C&yyeev [&tyelv]: inf. primarily of purpose (cf. v. 8), incidentally
of result.
444.   iaXeo-OlLTea-0: aor. subj. from iAacricop/ai, with shortened moodsign. Sec Sketch of Dialect, ~ 17.
446.  -ac'aro XaCpcov: 'he received with joT.'
447.   Lk.TXv: see on v. 20. -   KXeLT.'V: 'famous.'
449. EcCitlp: 'in order (of size).'
449. xcpvi+,avro: XepvirrTojai is a denominative from XE'pvr, 'water
used for washing hands ' — oXo-Xrtras (afo, Xo): 'scattered barley.'
459..eyiz&Xc: 'aloud' (rf vv. 35, 35I). —   XcpCas 'va ct'v: the Greek,
in praying, stretched forward and upward the hands with upturned pallns.
451, 2 - 37, 38.
453. Tp... i. 18(): correlative, 'as.. so.' V. 454 is added as
explanatory of E'Kves. Very likely in prose we should have had two participles, e.-. rt'.s7ras, ild'zevos, instead of the indicatives (c)r7Tro-as, i4~ao,
without conjunctions. W\e often have such explanatory sentences in
English, shown to be subordinate, not by a conjunction, but, as here, by
being uttered in a lower tone of voice.
4'6. 8jsii vvv: 'now forththith.'
458. dt'avro: of silent prayer, contrasted with AeeyCd' euXero, v. 450.




188


NOTES.


--  rpop3iXowro: cach cne of those who participated in the sacrifice threw
some of the o:j5ai upon the victim's head. The order of sacrifice was as
follows: The hands were washed and the sacrificial barley was raised
from the earth (v. 449). Then, after silent prayer, the head of the
victim  was sprinkled and the forelock cut off and burned (Odyssey,
7 446). These were preliminary rites: the victim's head was now drawn
back and the chief person present, king or father of family, slew and
flayed it. Then the thigh-bones were cut out and covered up with two
layers of fat. Slices of meat from other parts of the carcass were laid
upon them, and the whole was burned with libations of wine as the portion of the gods, who were supposed to be cheered by the savor (Ivio-7,
vv. 66, 317) which rose toward heaven.
459. ai.iovorav [ive pvctava: aor. from a&epuw. The following may
have been the succession of forms by which we arrive at that in the text:
the unaugmented, apocopated form would be avFEpvo'av,-assimilation
gives FFepuavv,- the loss of one F leaves &F(=av)Epv~az/.
460. KarTC...  iXkviUav: 'covered up close.'
461. 8nCruvXa: ace. sing. fem. agreeing with Kcv'irnV understood.
462. o-xCns [crXiairs]: from nom. sing. a-xtia.
463. 7rEjlrS3oX a: large ' five-tincd forks' (7revre, o,3eAos) on which the
vitals (an7rcayXva, 'heart, liver, lungs ') were placed for roasting.
464.,;ro'aavro: 'tasted of;' this merely symbolical partaking was
followed by the actual feasting, aivvuvro (v. 468).
465. TisXXa: ' the remainder' of the victims. -- &a' opelkotrL bTre.pav: lit. ' spitted (so that it was) about spits,' i.e. 'transfixed with spits.'
466. ep,5avTo: 'drew off (from the spits).'
467. TrErKOVTO: redupl. 2 aor. from Trevw.
463. SaL8To eLtTts E8$v-rTO [iEsero]: 'fail of the equal (i.e. fairly divided)
share.'
469. et 9pov Dvro [rTv EpwTra (Trv UpE~Wv) 4eivTo]: 'dispelled the desire
for food and drink.'
470. ITrErTTO/Lavo:: orig. meaning of eraToreJouaL is 'fill full;' hence
construed with gen. of material. A later derived meaning is 'crown.'
From the word in this sense comes 7-TrjLara, v. 14.
471. rW.vla-av: from vw^dcw, 'distribute.' A Se'ras, 'drinking-cup,' was
held by each guest. The Kovpoi went about, pouring as they went a few
drops into each cup, eirdpXeaOat Se7adeo-ft, which the receiver immediately
poured out as a libation to the gods. Then the cups were flled for drinking, the wine being dipped out with the 7rp4Xoos. A fuller description of
the whole ceremony is given in Odyssey, y 340o.-    rapotcevo: IrLi,
'successively' for all the guests; aptialcyvoit, 'having made the hallowed
beginning.' But the 'hallowed beginning' was to pour a little wine, as
above described, into each cup. The dat. Be7rdea-ao- may accordingly be
taken as local, 'in the cups,' or as dat. of advantage, for the action was
performed 'for the cups.'




ILIAD   I.


I89


472. taoXwri: includes song and dance.
473. KaX6v [KaAwSs].- -rarltova [ramv/a].
474.  L\eXirovrTS 'EKiEpyov: 'hymning I-ltkaergos (Apollo);' for epithet, here a proper name, see on v. 147. —  iYva: ace. of specification.
475. irr... 'X0ev: 'came on,' 'came over them;' there is scarcely
any twilight in Greece, so that i4veas, 'darkness,' comes on rapidly.
476. They slept, not on board the ship, but on the shore, near which
(see on v. 436) the ship was moored.
477.  jpL-yevcta: 'early-born.' The first part of the word contains the
root of Engl. 'early;' cf. Grk. aipLrrov, Germ. Frzii-stiick: 'early meal.'
--  Hs ["Ews]: 'Morning-red,' 'Aurora.'
478. av-yovo: ' put to sea.' -   i(ETa: see on v. 222.
479. gKipzvov [ciKo.vov]: 2 aor. ptc. without connecting vowel and with
change of breathing. The meaning is: a 'coming' wind, i.e. a ' following,'
'favorable' wind (cf. Lat. veztum secundtimz}.
480. crrio(rav-o orr6v: 'set up their mast (see on aTrreiXavro, v. 433).
431..v... rpi'l-e: 'blew into.' The root 7rpa- means to ' spurt forth,'
and is used of air, water, fire. The common form of the prs. in Attic
prose is rL/Trpi77n, with the meaning ' spurt forth fire,' ' burn.' --,u:
adv. 'round about.'
482. o-reCp: local dat. 'at the stem.' The thought is of the boiling
of the water seen at the stem, rather than caused by the stem. Of course
the two ideas are closely connected. - - opjeov: used with no distinct notion of any particular color; the meaning is, 'boiling,' 'swelling.'
V — ds: gen. with ao-rep., yet naturally translated as if gen. absol.
433. &8azrplcro-roucra: orig. meaning of,rpca'tac is 'pass over,' (repas,
WrEpwc). This passage illustrates the transition to the later common
meaning ' accomplish;' see also r 14. -  KOaCL KVlJ.a: per undam.
484. KarL  o-rpaor6v: 'opposite the encampment.'
485. e'pvucrrav [e'pvaav].
486.  vwo6: adv. 'underneath.'   gpIcTa t arKpCd.: 'long shores,' ie.
' props.'
487.   o-rKCSvavro [IcrerEcvvuvro]: 'began to disperse.'
488. IiAvLE-: see on v. 247.
489. ut6s: vl- is to be scanned short; T02 is often found, in inscriptions, for vis.
490. wrMwXi-aK-rT,  L0t-vU-0-E-<rK, Erro0E'c —rKE [rwOTA7ro, e0iOlpero, E7r6 -Oel]: for these iteratives see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 25. -  KvSt&LveLpav:
'hero-ennobling,' elsewhere always epithet of dgX71r.
491.  rrToXeaov: last vowel lengthened by the ictus. -   CXov Kqp:
ace. of specification. The use of ctios, referred to in v. 20, is especially
frequent when the adj. is joined with parts of the body.
493. CK oto: 'thenceforth,' i.e. since the interview with Thetis.
494.   raOv [y'ecav].




g9o


NOTES.


495. Xiier' [E'reavOCYvefTo].  4iTErTiwov: gen. pl. from iE7TI'/.
496. &AX' ji y(f): like 6 oe, v. I91. -  avsSo-rEro: for form, see on v.
42S; it is here followed by ace., whereas aveSu in v. 359 is followed by
gen. of separation.
497. o'pavv6v: acc of limit of motion, cf: v. 240. G I62, IT. 551.
498. Eui'rra.: 'far-thundering,' compounded of ebvps and C4 (Fo'=
Lat. vox). This form is acc. sing. 3 decl. -  &Trp.XXov [xwpils r-(v
Exxwv].
500. aTrotoo: gen. with adv. of place 7rapoi0(e), G. I82, 3, H. 589.
501. sEtLTrep? [6E;,a]. - - r' &vOepe:cvos: 'underneath the chin,' a primitive suppliant gesture.
503. 6vqcra': 'I helped.' Cf. v. 395.
504. The last hemistich of this verse and of v. 41 are identical.
505. WK-uiopraTros &XXwv: 'swiftest of fate as compared with others,'
gen. after superlative on the same principle as that by which comparatives
govern gen. Regular would have been LKCv/LopWrTpos axwv or cdKVpopCTaTOS 7rdvYTv.
506. E'7rXAc &rap vpv ye: 'he was already; but now' in addition.
507 _    356.
503. a-U 'rE, ILV TrZ-OV: 'do thou at least (if Agamemnon has heaped
disgrace upon him) honor him;' yet see on v. 131.
509. CrrLTci. KpaTos Tpe-o'i-L: 'bestow might upon the Trojans.' —
irp' dv [ews av].
510. TCTrCaOLV, 6oiXAX)corv: subjunctives after temporal conj. where the
designation of time is indefinite. G. 239, 2, IH. 758. --   6>ieXXa v 4
TLuJ: 'magnify him with honor.'
511. Zeus is silent, because to give his promise would excite Hera's
wrath. -- vESXlye?:rc [-r71s]: many Latin masc. substs. of I decl. e.g.
poe/a, pirata, do not add s in the nom. sing. CJ: the Greek iror7rls,
~rezposrr)s
512. as... s: ' as... so.'
513..'XeT' irrcwvvZa: 'held on clinging fast.' e/irefUvv7a (2 pf. ptc.
from EuLpVw): lit. 'having grown into.' -  8eripov ac.rts: 'again a second
time,' an example of Homeric fulness of expression like 7raiA aTrs, B
276.
5"14. Ka.rTaVEvraov: 'assent,' lit. 'nod down.' The word of opposite
signification is ava-vevw 'refuse by a nod', lit. 'nod up,' i.e. toss back
the head. This motion is still the ordinary sign of negation in Greece
and in southern Italy (Magna Graecia).
515. a'c~rrer(E): orig. form was a&dr Fere; hence the final vowel of
prep. is not elided.  Cf e? elSc o- Sot TL TL s6os ('n SaFe'o, see on v.
33): 'thou hast naught to fear,' lit. 'there is no fear upcn thee.' Znus
need not fear to refuse, for there is no power higher than himself wNhich
can punish him for neglecting Thetis's prayer.




ILIAD  I.'9


i9i


516. go-rov [~o-ov]: the dat. of measure of difference, ihr-W, would have
given the s ame sense as the acc. of extent. -   FG — ' rao-Lv: nearly equal
toI  ru-  c V   7) or to part. gen. 7ru'VITCAO.
517. 6x&Ioc-s: ' vcxed.'
518. Xo~yLa eiryo (sc. L'o-7rai) 'there wvill he sad doings.' X OL'YLC, ha-s
the same root as Lat. Iizzco., -- S ci~ =  `OirE i- in that' (see Onl vv. 12?0,:244, 41I2). - c'~-oCS: f ut. f rom 4C'pt7/L.
5119. C?,30-TL: from c'pC'Oco I pe~~o].Co
520. KCL cL ~rws 'even as it is,' ' even now ' (see on v. I 3.LiEv
522, C.VT60'TLXE: 'depart,' 2 aor. imv. from a'rroon-dc'W.
523. ~.ij1EMTETCi. [Mc,)ENOEL]: cf- 4epol /1EX7)catia with Lat. mihi erie' cuera.
5-24. El 8, &YE: see on- v. 30:2.
52,6 -ov' -yup i.L' ircLXLvzLYP(,rOV, IC-rX  'for not anything of mine can
be recalled or can deceive or can fail of folfilment; ' or rE'Kf1ewp might be
supplied wvitlv,'4etv, 'not any pledge of mine,' etc.
528. Translate ' Kronion spokec and nodded assent to her with his
dark~ eyebrows.' -  E Kov~cv Koi7   ir   patronymic from  Kp&sorT, which
probably means the 'fulfiller' (KcpafvYw).
529. C@43po'-LaL: whatever belongrs to the gods - utensils, clothes,
dwellings - is ' immortal.' Cf. amb;-osiae comae, Vergil, Aen. I,1o
3re  W               'vo(fo  poyeai, a derivative from /5:'fell viavin-' forward.'?,ri' adds the idea that the motion of the hair corresponded with the nod;
we might translate:'to his nod.'
530. KPOWIO'S (gen. from nom. Kdp?J). 'from his head.' Distinguish
from icpa.ros, 'strength.'- CX1Nd,'cv 'shook,' ' made tremble.' The three
verses 523 —53o are said by Strabo to have suggested to Phidias the conlCeeLtion of his greatest work~, the statue of Zeus ini the temnjelc of Olympia.
531. POvLXEUC7UVTF UL-j.~MyCV [jGouXEcvGa',ec;oi]  dual suhj. with pl. verb,
~.ranslatc: 'took counsel and separated.' The,. florm is 2 n-or. pass. from
j)y (.i.tn77- ry-y being a- strengthened form of the root -rue- -rau,cJ
-rEww).  See Sketch of Dialect,  23, I.
532. 5.X-o: 2 aor. from &'Axopya, Lat. seelio, with smooth breathingr.
The lost consonant a, accounts for the apparent hiatus, and would natu.
rally have been represented by the roughi breathing.
533. ZeiS: sc. t'-~0, suggested by the motion. imnplied in Sxro. Zcus's
dwelling is thoughtA of as near the sumnmit of Cl1cmn us.  ITS interview
with. Thetis has taken place Cat a lower level, ci. on another peak of the
mountain.
5334. -a-io:not to bec takecn li terally, - for Zeus was not the father
of all the Olympian, (cltics, - but rather as a tifle of honor (ci/. var~rp
-ior~~r Oc(Dv -rc). -   v~-&3 [coeri'Ps-u: cf. in me- aning with o5 in v. 404,
wh~ich~ it closely resembles in form (~f- Oa = ouFoD and o-OoD). -  9rXq: 'had
the hardihood.'




I92


NOTES.


535. avTroL 'torav: 'rose up and went to meet.' The signs of deference are the same among gods as among men.
536. o'uSE JLv jyvoiqotev: 'nor did she fail to recognize him,' i.e. 'and
she recognized him right well.' We have here an example of litotes and
prolepsis. For litotes, see on v. 220. Prolepsis, lit. 'anticipation' (irpoAr/~is, 7rpo-Aa,3dvw), is the introduction of a word earlier in the sentence
than would naturally be expected. It is esp. freq. after verbs of 'knowing.' Here L.uv is introduced as obj. of rjvoi'o'Ev, instead of the clause
oir o'vApda'o-faro standing as object. Cf. the example in the Gospels: 'I
knew thee that thou wert a hard man,' instead of,'I knew that thou wert.'
Cf. also, from the Merchant of Venice (Act iv., Sc. i): ' You hear the
learned Bellario, how he writes.' It is easy to see that prolepsis adds
vividness to narrative.
538. &i.oLo y4,povroS: the 'old man of the sea' was Nereus.
539. KEPTOiOL'OL: ntr. pl. as substantive, yet, in v. 582, E'EO-a- is
supplied.
540. T'a b' 06 (a0, au): 'who now again?'
541. e6vra (and (poveovra, v. 542): join with or-e suggested by dat. Tot
(aro), the subj. of inf. saKaSCE'V. This aKcaoeueIv  means 'decide,' 'rule,'
as we use the word of a judge or referee.
542. KpvrruiT3La: ntr. pl. of adj. used as cogn. acc. after (pov'ovra.
543. 7rpu4>pa': always used as pred. adj. in Hom., and hence best
translated as adv. (see on v. 39). Translate with T&rAr.cas: 'hast kindly
deigncd.' -  OrTT voinSors [o v vo0hops].
5-44..inr'Jp uvSpCov re OCiv r E: Cf. divzim pater alque hominum rex,
Verg. Aen. I, v. 65.
546. ElTo-eLV [ei'oroai0]: fut. inf. classed with ot3a; see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 24, 4, d. -- XaXewoC TOIL crovT[ac]: ' they (u0dos) shall be hard for
thee (to know).'
547. lErLELKS3: sc...-  trEiT: 'then,' in that case.'
541. 4lXcoUL: this old form of subj. I sg. occurs eleven times in the
Hom. poems.
559. Il1 Tr....iETcXXa: 'do not be inquiring at all about each one
of these things, nor seek to know them.; Instead of TOUTov, which should
properly be the antecedent of sv (v. 549), the ntr. pl. Tavra  is used,
because &s is a general relative.
551. poCjrLs: 'large-eyed.' " Hera's eyes are likened to those of an
ox or heifer in respect to size, fulness, and majestic calm" (Ameis).
552. -rotov: predicate; lit. 'thou hast spoken this (,rv) word as what
sort of a saying?' = rotOS 6 fiuOos oUr6s CrTv 'y s?7re;
553. Notice the Greek idiom (also usual in French and German) by
which the present is used with an adv. of time, where the English uses
the perfect. Translate: ' and certainly heretofore, at least, I have not
asked (lit. 'do not ask') nor sought to know.' G. 200oo, N. 4.




ILIAD I.


I93


554. &TloT' 9eATrl-Oe [& &tv e'ep].
555. SECSOiLK: the first syllable lengthened in compensation for a digamma no longer written = e5FoKca (see on v. 33).
533. 'rj oa' 6'lo KarayE-,jraE:: 'I think that thou didst confirm to her by
a nod.'
55).   'I;;ITIl-S: for subj., G. 2I6, H. 739. —niroeas [woAAous]: notice
synizesis.
561. 8atiovf, alE l i' OtCtaL: 'Perverse, 'tis always I think.' Baijuovlf7
(adj. from  ati/Lwv): lit. 'under influence of a god'; generally, though not
always, in bad sense, 'infatuated,' 'miserable.' — Notice variation in
quantity between vo, v. 558, and oceaL. Notice also the musical, flowing
sound of this verse, made so by its many vowels.
562. &rob OuyLoO: prepositional phrase used in the predicate as equivalent to adj. a&roOvduos.
564. TOOr': 'this,' i.e. my present course of conduct. --  pol  AXXEL
4ntXov 'EvaL: i.e. it will be because I choose to have it so. In this passage
we have a striking example of anthropomorphism; the gods are depicted
simply as stronger men. Zeus is an angry husband vexed at his wife's
inquisitiveness and provoked thereby to arbitrariness.
6'3   Xp:-trrToo-L1: construed with acc. ovr7a (sc. ue~f) and dat. of advantage Tot (coi); translate: ' keep me off from (lit. for) you,' i.e. ' avail
against my assault."
567. 4dctw  [E'p]: 2 aor. subj. from ecio/p. --  &dirovs: lit. ' not to be
touched,' ' resistless.'
563. KaC9{rf"ro [eXaerTO].
570.   XOr-aCv [6xOE'w]: 'were indignant' (cf. v. 5T7). —  OVppvCovcs:
orig. a possessive adj. from Ovpavos. Translate: ' inhabitants of heaven.'
572.  trt. ipa,?:Ltv: ' offer pleasing service;' ari belongs with tCperI,
from which it is separated by tmesis.
573. "VxriXT.: 'endurable,' properly verbal adj. from ave'Xo/a (c{f. v.
586).
574.   V    OvK eQVTrv: 'in behalf of mortals,' with a certain contempt as
contrasted with ei 0eo7oL (v. 575).
575. KoX1ov Xwvverov: 'raise (lit. 'drive') a din.'
576. '5os: (root Fa3- of avdvww, 56s) shows the same loss of rough
breathing as axro (v. 532). --  r Xpe(ova [a'r Xel'poa, Tra Xeipw]: euphemistic expression for 'discord among the gods.' The article (rd) appears
here to be used exactly as is usual in Attic Greek.
577.  nc-ap1>i.: 'talk over (to one's views),' 'advise' (rf 7rape1rp7, v.
555).
579. VSLKSI'tIo- [veKc.. -— ' v... TapLo: ' confound.'
530. EireA? yulp K' 496X-'pi: 'for suppose he choose I' The apodosis,
'he can do it,' or some equivalent expression, is suppressed (aposiopesis, see on v. 135). --- arTEponTrTi)s: noun formed directly from aao'e



I94


NOTES.


po7r*, 'lightning,' by the suffix -T7rs denoting the actor. Cf., in meaning,
Lat. filminator.
581. ie e23E'v: 'from the places where we sit' (i.e. from our abodes),
as in v. 534; the word for 'seat' is e3pa, not eSos.
582. Kca9Lrreo-sT:aL  'approach,' ' address; ' for inf. used lik&^i'mv., cf.
V. 20.
533. i'AXcs [i'Awcs].
535. SGtras   uibLKVr'rAXov: adj. usually explained as describing a cup
of hour-glass shape, the base of which may be used as bowl. No such
forms are found, however, among ancient cups which have come down to
us, and Schliemann has suggested that a&~i- may refer to the two handles, one on each side. He would translate 'two-handled,' or perh. 'twomouthed.'
586. TrTXkaL: 2 pf. imv. from stem rha-, G. 124, H. 409 D, Io. This
imv. with avdaoXeo may be translated, ' Patience! and bear up, lest,' etc.
587.  v 6rO9aXAozorL: 'in my sight,'' befcre my eyes.'
588. For force of 7rep in this verse, as in vv. 577 and 586, see on v.
I3I1
589. XpcaL-crLtv rL: 'to ward off anything' (from you, sc. '-ot). This
is the same construction as that in v. 28, but different from that in v. 566.
- -vrtierO'at: 'to cope with,' lit. 'to bear one's self against;' the
infin. depends upon the adj. apyaAeos.
590. TTreryWv: redupl. 2 aor. ptc. of a defective verb, the stem of
which, ray-, is probably the same as of Lat. fa(l)g-o, Eng. touch(?)
592.   -pdo6ulv: 'I flew,' lit. 'was carried along.'
593. KUirTrEoov: by apocope and assimilation from KaTrErEToO. -- eVIEV
[e'v'/]. Lemnos was the dearest of all lands to Hephaistos (Odyssey, 0
284). The extinct volcano, Mosychlos, explains the association of Hephaistos with this island.
594, 2L'vrTis (oa-votoa, 'injure'): name of marauding tribe, early inhabitants of Lemnos.
596.  1attSBos iSiawro XELtp: may be translated: 'took from her son in
her hand;' but a better rendering is: 'received at the hand of her sor,'
cf B I86. Thus Xepl,rait's is simply a fuller expression for raisl: 'at
the hand of her son,' instead of 'from her son.'
597. evetLaL: adv. ace., passing 'towards the right.'
598. Wyvoyxnt: the orig. meaning of the verb has been so far extended
that it means 'was pouring nectar,' instead of ' was pouring wine;' cf.
the Engl. expression 'brass andi-ons.'
599. IvcopTo: syncop. 2 aor. with intrans. signif. from gpvvui.
600. rroLTrrv'ovTa: intensive form from stem 7rvv- (pres. 7rve') with a
strong reduplication-syllable, 7roi-.
692. SavTrs eto1qs: see on v. 468.
604. al&jLLPdELdVa: ' answering one another,' 'responsively.'




ILIAD     I.                        195
605. caiT'p: correlative to j/u, v. 6oi. -   KaTesv Xa.ljrpbv jLos AleXIoo: 'the sun's bright light sank.'
606. KmKKECOVTES: by apocope and assimilation from KaraKcEovTcs, ptc.
of K&acaKqow, a parallel form to rcctraKeI/la, but which has taken on a future
sense. 3'ranslate: 'to lie down to rest.'
607. a'L.yuirELS (a&/i and yvu'ov): 'strong alike in either arm,' - appropriate epithet of Hephaistos, as indicating that he was ambidextrous,
i.e. able to use one hand as well as the other.
608. is;&vio-L rpcaLiCSEooL' [eiSuiaLs ppesiv]: 'with wise mind.'
610. KOLI.O0': 'was wont to rest.' —. Trc tKCVOL: opt. in tcmporal
clause implying a general condition referring to past time.
611. Xpv-c6epovos: articles of use or ornament of the Olympian deities
are ordinarily represented as of gold.




BOOK SECOND.
n  ^ Cv,,,I,r,,
Br-a 8' Ovelpov EXEL, ayop rv, Kcal vaa     JptiOdE.
Beta the dream and synod cites; and catalogues the naval knights.
1. Translate 0Eoi and avepes as appositives of Axot: 'others, both
gods and heroes.' -  Tno —Kopavo-TC: lit. 'equipped with horses,' i.e., as
horses were used in war only to draw chariots, 'fighting from chariots.'
2. 1ravvvXLoL: adj. translated as adv., see on A 424. - OVK iXE: 'did
not hold fast,' i.e. his sleep did not continue unbroken throughout the
entire night (of. A 611).
4.  iiqco-'r: deliberative subjunctive, not changed to opt. as it might
naturally have been after the secondary tense, [L]upEpU'pL~. Zeus's question in the direct form would have been: 7rcrs Tijuoaw; 'How can I honor?' G. 256, H. 720 c. -  i oXSMcs [7roAAos]: synizesis.
5. rSe: subject of al'vero anticipating the inf. e7r7rEJlAai, but attracted
from ntr. to fer. by the pred. noun fBovAx.
6. oZXov (uAAvusA): 'baleful.'
7 = A 201.
8. poC-K' t0t: Up! go!' BjCoic refers more to the start, 'i' to the goal.
10. Jia* ' &rpEKeios:  'vrery exactly.' rTpe-, the radical syllable of
ai-peK-ews, is identical with torq-, the radical syllable of torqueo. Thus
the adv. means, 'not twisted (from the truth),' 'unswervingly.' --  &yopetvEuv: inf. for imv.
11. I [avrTv]. -    Kdpa Ko0L.ovTEs: 'letting the hair grow long,' a
mark of free-born Greeks, in distinction from Orientals, who shaved their
heads. Ktdp) is acc. of specification.
12. ravo-vS&i (oaw): ' with all haste.' -  rrcXtv ECpv&iyuvav: i.e. Troy.
13. o0' yap Ti [ovceTi 7yap]. --  apIs pI paovrTaL: 'are  diversely
minded.'
14. reyvCaui/cv XLtcroyiev,: 'hath bent them by her prayers (AXtOo/Levnr) to her wish (ier'),' cf. Lat. pfrcibts inzfexit.
15.   fi-irr'Ta (3 sg. pf. pass. from  airew): lit. 'are fastened to,' i.e.
'hang over,' impend upon.'




ILIAD      II.


I97


19. cipp3p6roos: compounded of & priv. and the stem of P3poTs, which
is,uop-,,upo-, identical with that of Lat. mor-ior, $ being a strengthening
letter, before which pu disappears if initial. Hence ipords, not AP3poTOs,
but a-uBpuros. G. 14, N. I.  See also Sketch of Dialect, ~ 7, 3 —
KiXVUTO: p]lupf. from Xeo.
20. N,1XAlt? [NjAesi]: the adj. is here the precise equivalent of a
poss. gen. N7?XEcws.
21. yEpovro'wv: What is the partitive word upon which this gen. of the
whole depends?   It might seem natural to answer jumaA-ra, but a little
thought will suggest that the word denoting the part must be of the same
gender, and usually the same part of speech, as the gen. of the whole.
Here the partitive word is,dr ['v].
22. ILLV: connect with 7rpoo'ePr. -- 4LcLi.EVOS: 'having likened himself to.' The form is aor. ptc. midd. from E'8o/Lai, and the dat. r- depends upon it. For e prefixed, see on A 306.
23. Verses 23-25 will be found easy to turn into English hexameters;
see Essay on Scanning, ~ 8.  For a Lat. version, cf Verg. Aen. IV, 56o,
Nate dea, po/es hoc sub casu ducere somnos? Cf. also Silvius Italicus, iii.
172, 7itrpc dauci, somno totam consumere noctem.
24.  ravvvXLov: see on v. 2.
25..rL'Terpqa<aTai [e'rsrerpau/01vo  rlo-i]: 3 pl. pf. pass. from rpe'rw.
26. eieiav [e'uov]. -- ves (2 aor. imv. from  rvviL77Au): lit. 'put together,' hence 'apply the mind to any object,' perceive,' 'hearken.' Here
it tales the gen. eiue'ev as a word of mental action, see on A 273. G.
171, 2, H. 576. -   8e [yap]: for parataxis, see on A 5.
28-32 =I I- 5.
34. ieXl4+powv: 'honey-hearted,' i.e. 'whose heart's core (fpjv) is honey.' — avrT [avy]: 2 aor. subj. from aviyrjt..
35.  ir.rpjcreTo [a7repr]: see on A 428.
36. TA: cognate acc. with OPpoveovTa: 'pondering those thoughts.' _
ie.AXov: notice ntr. pl. subj. with pi. verb. This is not uncommon in
Hom., but a special reason for the pl. may here be found, in that there
would have been a certain ambiguity had the sing. /EUAAe been employed.
It would then have been possible to read, ' which he was not destined to
accomplish;' whereas the translation is, 'which were not destined to be
accomplished.'
37. +ii: lit. 'he said,' ie. 'he hoped,' 'he expected.' All long monosyllabic verbal forms in Hom. have the circumflex accent (cf Sketch of
Dialect, ~ 15, I).
38.  jis1 [j'eL], ~pya: to both these words belongs initial F, hence
the hiatus before each is only apparent. - The inferential particle pa
(apa) hints at the knowledge which the reader (hearer) possesses of the
subsequent course of the war. It may be translated with a; 'which,
alas 1' Cf. bv pa in v. 2: 'whom, of course.'




I98


NOTES.


39. Notice not only that Er( and 0fcEtiv are written separately in this
verse, but also that the prep. follows its verb. The verb is the same
which was employed in Thetis's prayer, A 509. --  yp: a lengthened in
the arsis by the ictus.
40. 8i vao-.iCvas: 'throughout the conflicts; ' /id is local, not causal.
41.   '-ypcTO (sync. 2 aor. from 4eilpw, 'arouse'): 'he awoke.' __ OC9
6b.4-'1: 'a divine voice.' —   UL4dxXVTO (XE'&,): 'shed itself about him,' i.e.
'rang in his ears.'
42. Verses 42-46 are interesting as describing how the Homeric hero
dresses himself. He sleeps, it appears, without clothing upon his body.
--  600c(fs: reflexive, 'having raised himself upright.' --.aXaK6v (cf.
Lat. mohlis): 'soft;' the tunic was of wool.
43. Notice the force of midd. voice in d3aAXAEro, 'put on his;' also in
e'S1aro, f/3aA'o,, CdAE'TO in follg. vv. Notice the lengthening of a final
short vowel in 4e, v. 43, and 7Trd, v. 44, before follg. liquid, which was,
doubtless, doubled in pronunciation. These vowels both stand in the
accented part of the foot, which fact, alone, would account for their
quantity.
45. &pyupo'lXov: 'with silver-studded hilt.'
46. &deTOLTov &ie: ' ever-abiding,' both as the work of Hephaistos, and
as conferred for a perpetual possession on the house of Pelops (cf. v.
IOI).
48. 'Hos ["Ewsl. -  'rpOO-EPqcjoEO: 'came to.'
49. Zr'lv. 6os epeovura [AdIl (Ps ipooa]: ' to tell the light to Zeus,' i.e.
'to announce the day.'
50. K3,pOKEcro  K KIEu'QEL: KEAXEv in Attic Greek always takes the ace.
52. oL JEV, sc. KpvKEs. TOi (= ol, 8S, SC. 'AXatoL.
53. lte [KaOeerTo]: 'was holding its sitting.'
54. NeoTrop3: adj. is equivalent to Ne;Topos, the gen. sing. of noun.
i.e., 'the Ncstorian ship' equals 'the ship of Nestor.' faao-iAos is appositive of the Neoropos thus implied (see on v. 20).  For Nestor, the
wise king of Pylos, see A 247 follg. -  IIvXo/yeveos: compound of IIu;ot,
locative case of IvAXos, and stem yev-.
55. irUvKLvv rTpTrvero povXi\v: callidznt sftruebat consiliium. The essential idea of 7rutcvos is ' firm; ' hence 'sound,' 'wise.'
56. KXu7E: 2 aor. imv. -   evrrvLov: best taken as adv. ace. limiting
'\X0ov, ' in my sleep.' s- 8i VViKT: 'through the night,' not necessarily
all night, but implying a protracted vision (see on v. 40).
57. lJ.dLcXLOCTa  yXL-cra: lit. ' most nearest,' a double superlative.
58. etSos 'rTE Je/ye9os rE  vev TE: 'appearance, size, and form.' eros
refers more to the exterior semblance; pvi means lit. 'growth,' 'build.'
59. i.e TrpoCeFErev: compounds of p77,ut and e7rov with rp&s always take
the ace., not the dat., of the person addressed (cf. A 84).
60-70 = 23-33. Notice that messages are repeated in Horn. in exactly the form in which they were first given.




ILIAD II.


199


71. &ro-wrrTcip.vos: 2 aor. ptc. of 7re'rojal, the stem of which appears in
three forms: 7r-T-, 7rre-, T7rra-.
72. Owp^tojlev: aor. subj. For form, see on A 14I; for mood, see on
A 67.
73. ^ Oi4LLs irorCv: 'as is right.' The antecedent of the rel. pron. is
the idea contained in 7relp~a'ouaL, but the rel. is fem. instead of ntr. on
account of the influence of the pred. noun OeLUs (see on v. 5).
74. o-rv vtl-UrC: 'with the ships,' which are thought of as being taken
along like companions.. --   roXvKXior-i: 'with many rowlocks.'  The
KA7lts [KXels], Lat. clavis, was a hook used in pushing open the bolt of a
door. Then, from the resemblance of this rude 'key'to a rowlock, it
comes to mean 'rowlock.'
75.   pTrEUiELV: inf. for imv. -- &XXoEv gXXos: 'one from one point,
another from another,' i.e. 'from many different points.'
76. Troto-L 8' &veo-r1: see on A 68.
77.  il.aO6EvTos: gen. from  [a&],ua0eids.
78. This and the follg. verse are conventional formulae, always followed by a speech.
80.   vLcrrrev: unaugm. 2 aor. from 4v(v)erTw = e'V-o'rw from stem aoer-,
'tell' (see on v. 484). Observe the lack of correspondence between the
protasis and apodosis,- the one of the 2d, the other of the 4th, form.
81. vocr4LOCJiLEOa: 'hold ourselves aloof,' 'turn away.'
82. Cf A 9I.
84. Nestor, usually prolix in his speeches, is here a model of brevity.
He closes his speech with the exhortation already used by Agamemnon,
a&A' 6&yere, and hastens from the council of chiefs to the popular assembly.
85. Notice the force of the prep. in e7r-ea.'r'1a.v: 'rose up at his word.'
86. i'rerOcrEiovro: ' were hurrying to the spot.'
87. ivr-E [oS-7rEp]. —   9vevE: 'swarms.' --  ol: lit. 'go,' i.e. 'fly.'
E/Lt has freq. the pres. signif. in Hom. esp. in comparisons. The thricerecurring termination -awv in this and in the follg. verse has been thought
to suggest the hum of bees.
89. poTpvodv (oTrpVs, 'bunch of grapes'): 'like clusters,' 'in clusters.'  The adv. suffix -8ov (or -35v) denotes the manner of an action.
rir' vEoE -L: 'over the flowers;' the thought is of locality, not of
motion.
90. wrrEroTijcaL [Tre7r&TrvTar]: pf. pass. from 7rordoJatL.
91. TrCv [rov'crv]: the article has not only demonstrative force, but is
emphatic, ' of these.' --  &wo: follows its case, and hence suffers anastrophe. G. 191, 3, N. 5, H. 102 D, b; Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6.
92.  li;6vos (nom. ick'v or yc74v) --  p3aOers: lit.,' deep 'shore, i.e. 'deep'
as extending far into the land, 'concave,' 'hollow.' Others translate
'low-lying.' --  i-TLXOVTOw (o-rtado.atL): ' were advancing.' For assimilation, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ I8, i.




200


NOTES.


93. LXas  v (th7A, 'troop '): see on v. go; the special point of comparison lies in the word 8e-~eL (2 plupf. from  aifw): 'was ablaze,' 'spread
like wild-fire.'-  0cer-a-: 'Rumor' is called Ais &iyyeEos (v. 94) because
so mysterious in its origin: it cannot be traced to any man; hence must
have come from Zeus.
94. &Cypovro: 2 aor. midd. from a-ylpo.
95. TreTrpXEL (unaugm. plupf. from  Opcaro-w = -raparoaow, stem  rapaX-,
shortened to rpaX-): ' had been confused,' 'was in an uproar.'
97. Po3o6coves epi^ov: 'by their shouts were trying to restrain.'
98. EnTroTE -XoLaTr' [LaXo'Tro]: ' on the chance that they would restrain
themselves from.' See on A 67.
99. EplTvueev (cf. fjyepOev, A 57): 'were held back,' i.e. kept in order.
-   Kace' i8pas: 'along the benches.'
101. KCiLe Tr6XOv: 'wrought with art,' lit. 'grew weary in making.'
Vv. IOI-Io8 represent figuratively how Agamemnon received his commission and prerogatives from  Zeus.  The scepter was prepared, by the
special direction of Zeus, by Hephaistos; it was sent by Zeus's envoy
Hermes to Pelops, the founder of Agamemnon's house, and regularly
descended to the hero himself.
103.  LaLKTO6p  &p-ye'iO'VT-r: 'the guide Argeiphontes.' Hermes is
called &ldKiopos (8i-doyw) as 'guide' of the souls of the departed to the
lower world. It seems better to transfer into English as a proper name
the word apyerpAvrT7qs (supposed to be a compound of &pyyei- -probably a
locative case from the root apy-, which appears in apyos, ipyvpos-and
>aivwo): lit. 'he who appears in brightness,' which may refer to the swiftness of his motion (light being associated with swiftness), or to the succor
(light) which he brings. The story of how Hermes slew the hundred-eyed
Argos, whom Hera had set to watch Io, is a later myth, and there seems
to be no warrant for the translation, 'slayer of Argos,' which is given in
some dictionaries.
106. qroXvcapvw: heteroclite dat.; the only nom. is 7roXvappos.
107. Oveo-T'(a): for ~uoveT-rr (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ Io, 2)..qopilvaC [(pope'v]: this anomalous form is a pres. inf.; a longer form, <popj/fLval, also occurs. Like avda' -eiv in follg. verse, the inf. denotes purpose,
with a mingled idea of result. G. 265, H. 765.
108. "Ap-y'i; -rCvTr: be king 'for all Argos.' Argos is here used for
all that territory over which Agamemnon bore sway, i.e. most of the Peloponnesus.
109. Tor (oKtrTrp): 'upon this,' lit. 'with this,' dat. of means. The
possession of the scepter, it will be remembered (cf. A 245), gave him
who held it the right to speak.
111.  Ilyac: adv. acc. --  vE'8,o-E: 'involved,' 'entangled.' Agamemnon, like men in all times, blames the gods for his mistakes. -tT
pcICapd: 'grievous infatuation.'




ILIAD II.


20I


112. oryikTLos (X)w): lit. 'holding fast to his purpose;' here, 'relentless.'-    Ka.TriVEuVov: see on A 514, 527.
113. iKr'poCavT'': what vowel has been elided? --   &oviE-aLe: the a
of the first syllable is used as long. Cf. 'Aro'xAova, A 14, 21.
115. svo-KXa [vuccKxEa]: the full form is SVucKXceea, and one e is allowed to drop out instead of being contracted with follg. a. -  irel
SXEao-a: E'ret is both temporal and causal.  ieeaa = Lat. perdidi.
116.   L'XXEL fi'Xov Eival: see on A 564.
117. rroXXciov iroXCowv [roAXwv 7rJXEwv].
118. 'TO yap Kparos: 'for his might.' See on A 509.
119. KCI Ec'RoJl4voLO-L aru0o-eaL: 'even for posterity to learn of.' For
dat., G. 184, 5, H. 60I.
120. p.4 oic-&o: 'thus vainly.'
121. &7rpc7KTov [&7rpaK'rov]: 'fruitlessly.'
122. avSpo-iL: dat. after IroAe/uiLYv, as after 7roXEy'w and uACXo!yai, G.
I86, N. I, H. 602.- -riecavra L: 3 sg. pf. pass. from qaivw.
124. opKLcLa 'rrTa& raq'vTEs: lit. 'having slain oath-sacrifices to be depended upon,' i.e. ' having concluded a firm alliance by sacrifice.'
125. 5o-oOL Eao-s [b-oio ea'r].
126. 8LaKoorlE'i9lLev: 'should arrange ourselves.' The verb might
have stood in the inf. dependent upon eOeXOUfvE as in vv. 124, I25.
127.   KaOc-Tov:... KaoroT, which makes equally good sense.
128. SevoCcTro [E'olvro]: a primitive way of saying that the Greeks
more than tenfold outnumbered the Trojans. It is a mistake to suppose
that brevity of speech comes early and naturally; it comes rather late, and
often only as the result of study.
129. trkXas = 7rxA6ova  [7rAeovs]: perhaps, after the loss of v from 7rxeovas, the o was lost instead of being irregularly contracted with follg. a
into ov, as in Attic.
130. TrrT6Lv: T has been called a parasitic letter; it is supposed to
have been developed, in vulgar pronunciation, in irords and 7r6Ae.os and
it was found convenient in poetry to retain it.
131. &v8pEs stands as appositive to T7riKOvpOt: 'allies, spear-brandishing
chiefs.'
132.  rXcklovorL: lit. 'cause to wander,' i.e. baffle in the purpose of capturing Troy. - lcour' [ieOat]: 3 pl. pres. indic. of eiw.
134. pEOlaaO-L (3 pl. 2 pf. from fBailo) [feBao-]: 'are gone.' —  ALb
EvLacroC: 'years of Zeus;' for he determines their number and with what
they shall be filled.
135. Sotpa: 'timbers.' For the form soipa for 8opv-a, see on A 407.
-  -XEvvTaL: the Attic usage of ntr. pl. with sing. verb is here not observed (cf. v. 36).
136. irov: 'methinks,' as in A 178.
137. iaT"' [JivraL]: cf. A 239. — -ro4T8iySevaL [irpoa-8Edftivat]: 'ex



202


NOTES.


pecting.' The form is syncop. 2 aor. ptc. (cf. e'xOas, A 23). --   &PL: see
on A 384.
138. arows: see on A I33; cf. also v. 342. -- a Kp6avTov [&KpavTrov]
(a priv. and Kpalvw).
141. ovr y&p lrL aclpitqop.o v: lit. 'we shall no longer take,' i.e. ' there is
no longer hope of our taking.'
142. Toco-r: dat. of interest loosely connected with the whole sentence.
G. I84, 3, N. 4, H. 6o0.
143. iEca& ArXTi0v: usually /e'ra with acc. means 'to the midst of,'
'after.' Here /E.rd means 'throughout.'
145. lrdVT'ov is the specific word; Oraxdos, the generic. Instead of
taking?rdvrov as appositive of Oaxa'a-ls, each word may be joined separately with Kviaora. Thus O6axdaia7s would have the same force as OaA'Xaarva: 'sea-waves of the Ikarian deep.' The Ikarian sea was near the
island Ikaria, west of Samos. Daidalos was said to have escaped from
Crete, with his son Ikaros, by means of wings made of feathers united
by wax; but Ikaros flew too near the sun, the wax was melted, and he
was drowned in the sea to which he gave his name.
146. d;pop' [ipcrE]: 2 aor. of pYvuflA with act. signif.
147. STE KLV1'O'T [orTav KIvIa]. —  Zebvpos: a boisterous (not gentle)
wind to those living on the east side of the Aegean, as all can testify who
have felt at Smyrna the afternoon sea-breeze, there called Bates (modern
Greek Md3arT7s= 'EuxLd'T77s: 'In-comer'). -- a3cLO XiMov: 'high-standing
(lit. 'deep') grain.'
148. Xa3pos: adj. with adv. force. - irrC T' Lt)i.EL (sc. as subj. Xii'ov):
'and it (the standing crop) bows before the blast (E'ir sc. Zepupcy) with its
ears.'-  aoTcX1-EOcrOLv (nom. a&o-aXv6s): dat. of means.
149. d\LaXa'TrO: 'with a cheer.'
150. vfqas rr' [erl vais] (acc. pl.): no anastrophe because vowel is
elided (Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6).
151. Ior-Tao aeLPoiLCVt1: 'rose and stood in the air.'
152. &IXa Stac:;7os is one of Hom.'s habitual epithets. Other words
to which 57os is freq. applied are: the earth, rivers, and certain ancient
towns.
153. ovpoi s: 'trenches' in which the ships were drawn to the sea.
154. LteAvowv (pres. midd. ptc. from ilui): lit. 'sending themselves
along,' i.e. 'hurrying.' The hiatus between oi'KaSe and IEE'^vwv is only
apparent, since i'lut began with a consonant (represented by rough breathing).
155. 6rEwplpopc: acc. pl. of adj. used as adv., lit.. beyond fate,' i.e.
'contrary to fate.'-?&- 'v9a KEY e'rXO1Q (revIXc): ' then would have been
brought to pass.'
156. rwpoo-ielrrEv: separation of wpbs from Ebnrey not common. See
also on v. 59.




ILIAD II.


203


157. &Tp&vr:6v: either 'the impeller' (OTrp6vw, as if orptrrc6v1) or 'indomitable ' (a priv. and -rpwI 'wear').
159.,rrC: here used of extension over, 'over the sea's broad back.'
160. K68 [Karc]: apocope, and assimilation. -- cEJXoiX'v: pred. ace.
after Kara-Al'roiev, 'as a boast,' conveniently translated 'to glory over.'
162. Ev TpoC: 'in the plain of Troy.' --  &r6: 'remote from.'
164. &yavots: conventional epithet (see on A 202), is not particularly
appropriate to Athena; it is much more appropriate to Odysseus, and
may have been interpolated from v. i80. Notice two cases of apparent
hiatus: )wTra E'TKarrov, juif Ea, where an initial consonant has been lost.
Notice, too, in vias 6aAa8E, v. I65, that the final syllable of vlas is long
by position, because aAaoe orig. began with - (cf. Lat. sal).
165. Sc. 'AXaLovs as subj. of XKfJcEev.
166. ois' &arCTllOaE: 'did not fail to obey,' 'obeyed at once.' For
explanation of litotes, see on A 220.
167. Cf A 44.
169. a'r&a.av'ov (compound of a copulative = 4aua and rdAavrov): 'of
like weight with;' hence takes dat. as a word of likeness.
170.   TracOTcr' [ea'TT'ra].
171. KpaS(Tqv Kal Ovpov: accusatives of the part, in apposition with
/1rv (cf. A I50). The coupling of the two nouns is also an example of
Homeric fulness of expression.
175.  v..... r6TS: 'having tumbled on board of,' with idea of
confusion and fear.
176. Kas 8$: see on v. I60.
182. Construe ira as obj. of ^VuVK'e, yet cf A 273, B 26.
183. PI 8 Oeav: 'and he started to run.'
184. 'IeaK/oiLos: the herald, like his master, was from Ithaka. For
position and duties of herald, see on A 321. The o in Os is long because
or has an orig. F. For dat. of, see G. I86, H. 602.
186. o'L: dat. of advantage, for he was going to use the scepter in Agamemnon's behalf. Translate: 'received at the hands of,' and cf. A 596.
188. KLXEC: pres. opt. as if from KiX7jiU [cIXdayVw]. See on A 26. The
opt. is indefinite, a general condition being implied. G. 231, 225, H.
729 b.
189.  p'qTr' —aTa-a-K-E (iterative aor. from eprrd-w) rcapao"ris: 'would
step up to and detain.'
190. AcLJLodve: here used in a good sense, ' Good sir!' Below, v. 200,
it has the bad sense, 'wretch' (see on A 56i). -  KaLKv Wis (KaKvivjCs):
&s, as adv. of comparison, takes the accent when it follows the word
which it would regularly precede. G. 29, N., H. 104, a. Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6, Rem.
194. Odysseus uses the same word which Agamemnon (v. 75) had used
in announcing his intention; yet immediately after he puts himself in the




204


NOTE S.


number of those who were not present in the council of chiefs to hear
what Agamemnon said (or 7rdvTrs a&Kovauao.v).
195. 1^ TI pant: for this use of subj., ordinarily explained by ellipsis
of a verb of fearing, see G. 218, N. 2, H. 743.
196, 197. 'For mighty is the wrath (or 'lofty is the thought') of a
king 'fostered by Zeus, and his honor comes from Zeus, and Zeus the
councillor loves him.' In v. 196 occurs an example of parataxis (see on
A 5).-.1iTLETra: see on A 508.
198. tiot, 4Ei6poL: indef. opt. in a relative clause implying condition,
the iterative aorists A&doaaorcE, 6/oKAOaaorcE implying a number of single
acts.
200.   ioro: 2 sg. imv. from 7uat. — Kal.. dKOVE: 'hear (now and
henceforth, pres. imv.) others' words.'
201. aoro: does not lose its accent, i.e. is orthotone, not enclitic, because
contrasted with oL
202. evap'iOLos: precisely as we say ' of account.'
203. oOi rwos: nullo modo. -  LEv [lhv].
204. ovic ayaObv wroXuKoLpavCtl: 'a multitude of rulers is no good
thing.' Notice the litotes; notice also in the gender of ayaOdv an example
of the frequent use of a ntr. pred. adj. where the subj. is masc. or fem.
Cf in Lat. sentences like triste lupus stabulis: ' the wolf a grievous thing
to the folds.' This verse expresses the demand often so strongly felt,
and especially in times of violence, for one strong controlling hand.
In the next verse, too, we have the idea of the Divine Prerogative which
has been such a support of royalty. Cf A 279.
205..yKvXOAT~Eo: pronounce -Ew, as always when final, by synizesis.
206. This verse is weak and obscure in this connection, and was
probably interpolated from I 99. A variez lectio for BovAXEvr is Baa-LXEVp:
'rule' for them, instead of 'plan' for them. No word is expressed to
which craiL' refers, but the word SaaOLXvs implies 'subjects,' and for this
word Aqrf-i stands. —   rKTrrpov: the 'scepter,' the king's badge of
power; OE'LriTas (nom. sing. Oeirs): the 'ordinances' which he lays down.
The prose word for Oe'fA-es would be Oea-Jot, Lat. institzcta.
207. KoLpavEiCv SL'ire: 'as ruler was arranging.' Kcopave'ov is ptc. nom.
sing. For e'rw, see on A i66.
208. For iErecaaeovro and &tro, cf vv. 86, 91.
209. TrroXvukoXocrpoo: example of an onomatopoetic word, i.e. of a
word which imitates, when spoken, the sound which it describes (cf. op.apayE7, v. 210).
210. altyiLXa): local dat. 'on a broad strand.'
211. ip^jlUIEV: see on v. 98.
212. EKoXca (KoAxCod): 'was screaming,' 'was brawling,' cf A 575.
213.   LKOo'PL  TE wroXXa rE: in Engl. we join both adjs. to the subst.
without any intervening conj., 'many unbecoming words.'




ILIAD II.


205


214. Ia\': 'vainly,' and ob KCaT KO'priOV: 'not fitly,' seem to a certain
extent similar ideas, so that it rather surprises.us that they should be
joined by an adversative conjunction, &rdp (see on A 50). -  epLtEevaL
[EpiLEv]: for inf. depending upon C'rea ip77, see G. 265, N., H. 765.
215. One of the commonest ways of quarrel is with words; hence
pi(LEtfevai easily suggests Xe'yev, on which b'rL eiraaLro depends. -  EoatcLTO
from efiojfLa [^OKfW].
216. cao'Lo-Tros: his ugliness of soul is left to be inferred from his
ugliness of body. To the Greeks, that the first should be found in connection with the second would seem almost obvious. It has been remarked that Thersites impersonates all the qualities most opposed to
the ideal of a hero. It should also be noticed that he is almost the only
character taken from the common people who is portrayed with any detail
in the Iliad. The heroes of the poem are the nobles (the tolyEoe7s 3aa-tA7OEs). The audience was chiefly composed of nobles; the poet was in
sympathy with his audience, and when he does introduce a man of the
common people like Thersites, he makes him as hideous as he can (see
on A 80). -  vird: 'under the walls of.'
217. REV [^v]. - -rpov iroSa: 'in one foot' (cf. Lat. claudus altero
pede).
218. orvvoXWK6Te (avve'cw): oXcKO.a, peculiar pf. with Attic redupl. (and
change of stem vowel) for oKwxa. G. in Verb List, H. 424 D. IT.
219. eirevvoOe: an obscure form (probably a pf.) from uncertain present. Autenrieth connects it with the root of &vOos, 'flower,' and thus
readily derives the meaning 'bloomed upon,' 'grew upon.'
220.   Co'LAXLO-TcL XOoro7S: was 'most hateful to.' For another example
of the double superlative, see on v. 57.
221. T ya&p VELKECEO-KE [iVfEcEC]: the clause with ydp is a reason for
the bitter hate ('0Xia-Tos) which was felt for Thersites.
222. KEKXtY6os: 2 pf. ptc. from KxAdw (stem  cAayy-).
223. 4KirCyXwos: probably derived from iK-7rxaa-rw (cf. e5TrAxdy?7, Xen.
Anab. II. III. I.).
224. JiXaKpa: of cries that penetrate 'far,' i.e. 'piercingly,' 'loudly.'
225. Tio [rivos]: for case, see on A 65. -- 8i aT': synizesis. --   Xr'tELS: derived from the root xa-, seen in Xatvwo, 'gape,' Xdos, 'void;' it
takes the gen. as a word of want.
226. TrkXEta: in ordinary prose an adj. of Attic 2d decl. The interchange of forms 7rXeos and TrXE'o illustrates metathesis quantitatis.
228. C8i8oLEv: Thersites is as great a braggart as he is coward. Notice that the use of the subj. ei-' 6v [OTray] 'XAWx e in the temporal
clause containing a general condition marks '8ouevY as prs. and not ipf.
229. 6r81E18EaE [|1ra']. ---  Ki TrS oloa-EL: for use of KE [&v] with fut.
indic., see on A 137.
231. 8io-as A&y&yo: 'shall have bound and led captive.'




206


NOTES.


233. KacrCoXEcLL: for form, cf. A 141; the use of the mood suggests the
subj. of purpose common in relative clauses in Latin, but not a proseGreek construction. It is exactly parallel, in connection, to /La-yeal, and
may be translated as if we had i~va cKariaXEa. -  ov REiv [ou Wj].
234. KCKCV: gen. after e'TrLJ3arKC/ey in the sense of 'bring into contact
with.' G. 70, 2, H. 574.
235. ~'yxCyEa: lit. 'reproaches,' i.e. objects of reproach.
236. rrp: 'by all means.' -  )4Lev (eawo): 'let us leave.'
237. y4pa ire'-creLev: 'digest his gifts of honor,' i.e. see how much
good they will do him without our support.
238. X'nils [iKal oifaes]: 'we also,' as well as Achilles.
239. 8s Kal. 'AXLXqic a rTC'irev: 'for he also insulted Achilles;' a
causal idea here underlies the relative clause. --  o [ou = abrov]: notice
the lengthening of the vowel (e'o) before a liquid (see on A 394).
240 = A 356.
241. Thersites has not a whit more affection for Achilles than for
Agamemnon. He finds in the indignities heaped upon Achilles convenient additional charges against Agamemnon, but he cannot leave Achilles
without a thrust at him. -  oi Xod'os peartv: 'he has no wrath in his heart.'
-   JieOtpwv: adj. instead of a subst.,EurJooa-VYV: 'remissness,' which
would have been in exact contrast with Xdos.
242. Xwp1oraLo: Thersites uses the very words uttered by Achilles, A
232.
244. rrapCararTo: was standing by his side.
245. r'vtra'rrE: contrast the tense with that of 7rapia'raro: 'broke out
in reproof.' The form is one of two (only) instances of a very peculiar
reduplication in 2 aor. The stem of eivLrTw is ev7r-; the redupl. is the
syllable -ar affixed to the word. The other instance is ipvKaKov, 2 aor.
from epvicKav  (stem  pvKa-). See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 15, 2.
246. a'Kpvr6TOjj: cfi. afETpoe-rTs, v. 212.
247. Prls' 90'X: 'and undertake not,' 'and venture not.'
248. XEpELOOTpoV [XELpova]: comp. of KaKo's.
249. 8r'roo: in order to connect naturally with what precedes, a gen.
of the whole, e.g. 7rdvTarv, must be supplied, dependent upon AXXov.
250. The potential opt. in this and follg. v. is equivalent to a mild
imv.
251. vdo'-Tov  vXUraTTrLv: lit. 'watch the return,' i.e. watch that one fail
not of it. Cf. in French, garder le retour.
253. 1E iie KaKOS voTo'-opev: freely, 'whether our return shall be to
our advantage, or to our hurt;' it should be entered upon, accordingly,
with deliberation. The weakness and repetition of vv. 254-256 suggest
that they are justly bracketed as interpolation.
255. c(raL: in colloquial sense, not of actual sitting posture, for he
does not sit down until v. 268 (cf. also vv. 211, 212), but of his avoid



ILIAD II.


207


ance of any laborious occupation which would leave him less free to scatter his abuse on every side.
257. rT Se Kai: 'and this also.' -  TcETEXoap-vov crrTCaL [reAXEO'0O'eTal].
258. i.4>paCvovTa (a priv. and (ppv): 'talking folly.' -  KLX^iTropCLL:
see on A I41. -- S viv trp $Se: W3e is antecedent of a&oirep: 'in this way
just as now.'
259. 'OSuo-qL, 1SoLo-L: apposition of part to whole. 'Ouo-ft is simply
a more emphatic d.uoi. -  wtreCl: opt. of desire.
260. pls& KEKX'qjJlVOS ~ErV': 'and may I not be called,' i.e. 'may I no
longer be.'
261. Take o-e and ei'a'a as double acc. after a7ro-avaxw. G. i64, H.
553 -262. TCr T: see on A 86; see also Sketch of Dialect, ~ I4 adfinem.
-  ali: acc. sing. from alais. G. 55, N. I, H. 18I.
264. Connect &yopiOev [L ayopas] with a&awo (&af/lrL): 'shall smite
and drive you with unseemly blows from the assembly to the ships.' If
7rArypLcLv belonged with 7rerAflyds, it would probably stand as cogn. acc.
266. The stroke took effect on both shoulders and on the portion of
the back lying between (and below) them, i.e. xueTradppevov.
268. or-K/-rpov {Oiro Xpvoiov: exactly as we say 'under the stroke;'
viro being both local and causal.
269. &Xpetov lto v: lit. 'looking uselessly,' i.e. casting silly looks about.
270. aXvv!EvoL: 'grieved,' probably because of their desire to return.
-    8i': ' merrily.'
271. T'S ETireo'KEV: for iterative aor. see on A 490. Trs: 'many a one.'
The indefinite pron. as here used is said by Gladstone to represent public
opinion in Homer (cf. A 8i).
272. "12 rriroL: for accent of & and meaning of vrdroL, see on A 254.
7rd7roL is used only here of pleasant surprise. --  8^ [j81]: see on A 6I.
274. TO6S is ace. of the object; &pLcrrov, of the predicate. Translate:
'this is by far the best thing which he has wrought.'
275. EirEor-p-6ov: lit. 'one who throws about words.' — _ ir' ayopcwov: 'restrained from his speeches' (see on v. 239).
276. 09v: gives ironical turn to the sentence. — -r&XLv aCTrLi: 'back
again.' For similar doubling of words of nearly similar sense, cf.: Sevepov a'rns. -  &avoreL: fut of av-ifLut.
278. 4o'rav i1 rXKl9vs: collective noun with pl. verb. -- vL... o.. ol:
Odysseus, it seems, had taken his seat after chastising Thersites. The
epithet rroXAiropOos (for 7rTOAX- see on v. I33) is appropriate to Odysseus
from the special share which he had, through the device of the wooden
horse, in the reduction of Troy, a story not related, however, in the Iliad.
279. 7rapc.: adv. 'by his side.'
280. av'yeL: plupf. with signif. of ipf.
281.  rpCrToL TE KCal l aror'TO: ' those in the first and the last ranks,'
'nearest and remotest.'




208


NOTES.


284. viv 8q i: 'now as it appears.'
235. 4XfyXicr-Tov: superlative in -Lo'TOS formed from noun AxeyXos (see
on A 325). ---  04i.vaC [l0esa]. --  por-oTo-L: dat. of the person in zwhose
view anything has a certain character. G. 184, 3, N. 2, H. 60I. -   [p6 -7rEocroL: see on A 250.
286. qvirEp VxirorTav [-ea-ro'av]: 'which they assumed.' 'Standing
under' a promise is really as natural a metaphor for pledging one's self
to it as 'assuming,' lit. 'taking to one's self.' fvarep is a kind of cognate
acc., for 7ir'Oearav is equivalent to  a'7r'Xovro.
287. cv948' r orTEiXOVTrEs: ' while still on the way hither.' -"ApyEos:
used as in A 30 for the whole region about Argolis, whence most of the
Achaians came.
288= II3.
289. coTrre: regularly in Hom. equals &airep or &s, re having no appreciable force. See on A 86.
290. OSVpovTCra  vEoEaiL: it is only by an extension of the orig. meaning
of o86povraL that it can take the inf. of the purport of the lament. The
verb comes to mean: 'express by tears their desire.'
291. The course of thought vv. 291-300 may be thus outlined: The
case of the Achaians is hard; 't is hard enough (rrdvos) to make one return
wearied out. For even a month's absence from wife in stormy seas is
painful; how much more a nine years' absence. There is then no occasion to blame the Achaians; but still it must be remembered that, hard
as is the case where so much has been borne and the object not gained,
yet honor forbids a return empty-handed; hence the closing exhortation:
' Bear up yet a while, friends!'
292. c&rd: 'away from' (see on v. 178). There is no elision because
of the orig. Fin follg. word.
293. orv: i.e. 'on board of' (see on v. 74).
294. 8v wrep EI.cooTLr [,v &v elAi\jl: subj. in conditional relative clause
after a primary tense: 'whomsoever the wintry gusts and rising sea
confine in harbor.'
295. hliV fLLLvoveTcrrL [,urvov-i]: dat. in designation of time, 'as we
remain here.' G. 184, 3, N. I, IS. 6ox, a.
298. veEo-'ac: sc. Tnva as subject. --  KEV6V [ceJvdv]: cf. &apeAps and
299. Sac5p.Ev: 2 aor. pass. subj. from stem Ba-, 'learn,' of which
8t-aa-aiwc, 'teach,' is a pres. with causative signif.
300. iTO6v: 'really.'
301. Co-Tr 8B: parataxis; we might have had icrte ydp.
302. oils It.. 4. <Eoovo'ra: 'as many as the death-fates have not
swept away.' /Ai is used instead of o' because the antecedent of the relative is indefinite, which is the same as saying that a condition is implied.
G. 231, H. 835.




ILIAD II.


209


303. XOga4 TE Kal1 rpwilS': '('t was but) the other day.' Notice that
the Greek says 'yesterday and the day before,' instead of 'yesterday or
the day before' (cf. eva ical 8oo, v. 346). Aulis was the Boeotian town on
the Euboean Gulf where the Greek fleet assembled and was delayed by
adverse winds, while on the point of sailing for Troy.
304.  1YEPE0OovrTO: from Horn. pres. -,-yepedOoaL, formed from stem ayep-.
G. Ix9, ii, H. 411, D. Cf v. 448.
305. a&1,4 7rEpC: a&pip is adv. and wrepi prep. (cf. Engl. 'round about').
306. TrEXTr —cras: probably best translated, 'bringing fulfilment' (see
on A 315); old rendering, 'unblemished.'
307. TrrXcTavlcr-T [7rXaT&vc]: the 'plane-tree,' not unlike our maple in
appearance, grows especially by springs and along watercourses. -  60ev
EisV [et As Eppel].
308. gvea: 'then,' carries back the thoughts to XOicd oe TKal rpi('. -
irrC: with acc. denotes 'extension over' (cf vv. I59, 299). —8ao Slov$s:
'blood-red.' It is compounded of 8a- also Ma- [Lcd] 'thoroughly' (cf. per
with strengthening force as Lat. prefix, e.g. tpermagnus), and p&vosr, 'gore.'
310. pw3ooi: gen. of separation after the idea of motion implied in
vTraitas. -  pa: see on A 56.
311. vh^rLa T'rKva: 'tender (lit. ' infant') brood.'
312. virrorw'rri'Tres (2 pf. ptc. from -Trrfjaa-w): 'crouching beneath.'
For dat. n-rrcTXoLs, G. I87, H. 605.
313. Translate: 'eight, but the mother-bird was the ninth, which
hatched her brood.'
314. &XEELVr TETpLycOTaS (2 pf. from rpiLiw): 'twittering piteously.'
315. Connect TiKVo with a.'1EroTaro as its object.
316. eXitxL6L.evos: 'having coiled himself,' i.e. so as to launch himself
upon the mother-bird. --  rrpvyos: 'by the wing.'-  &tLacLXVitv (pf.
ptc. from stem laX-): 'screaming.'
317. Join KacLr... 9iaye and translate: 'swallowed.'
318. bpi;lXov (prefix api-, 'very,' and 8iXos, 'plain '): 'conspicuous.'
Translate the whole verse: ' the Deity, who also sent it, made of it a conspicuous sign,' i.e. a miracle.
319. For double acc. after Or/ce, G. i66, H. 556. The latter half of
this verse is identical with v. 205.
320. olov 4rXOT r: 'at what a thing was brought to pass.'
321.  tcoiiXOE: here used, as the connection shows, of a sudden, disturbing entrance. Translate: 'when therefore dreadful monsters (pl. for sing.)
intruded among the hecatombs of the gods.'
323. &veo: adv. 'in silence.' For a similar use of adv. in pred. where
an adj. seems to us more natural, cf. A 416, r 95. The varia lectio is &veq,
nom. pl. from adj. &Vews: 'speechless.'
325. 6+taIov, 6tLTro'-rov: ' late, late of fulfilment.' This repetition of




2IO


NOTES.


the same idea in words of similar sound is called paronomasia. - Sou
[ov]: a conjectural varia lectio is oo (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ ii, I).
328. -.roXeIJCLoL(v: see on v. 130. As the pres. of the verb is in -(w
the fut. would in Attic be in -o-w (or -ia).-  a09L [abvr7dl: 'on this very
spot.' If the elision had not taken place before ezea (FeTea) we might
have had Trocoaova EiEa, Ea as one syllable by synizesis.
330. TrcS [i5s]: cf. Tro, Tat for oz, al.
332. des o KEV [eows &v].
334. or-ipSaX\ov: 'terribly,' ntr. adj. used as cognate acc. —  a;o'rvtrwv virw 'AXaCov: 'under (because of) the shouts of the Achaians.' G.
I91, VI. 7 (i) b and c, H. 656 b and c.
335. eiraLv^o'.vrs [e'7ralve'-avTEs]: agrees with 'ApyeoL, v. 333.
336. T-otoL: G. I84, 3, N. 2, H. 6o0. -  repvLoS: 'Gerenian.' Gerenia is said to have been a town or district in Messenia whither Nestor
fled while Herakles was sacking Pylos.   Another explanation makes
rep7lvios =  Eypwv.
337. ayopdaro-0 (a in arsis, as in A 14, 2I, etc.): for assimilated form,
see Sketch of Dialect, ~ I8, I.
338. ols: for case, G. I84, 2, N. I, H. 595 b.
339. art si pfUo-eTar: ' whither pray will go?' i.e. 'what in the world
will become of?' The 'covenants and oaths' referred to are those at
Aulis before sailing for Troy (v. 286).
340. ev rrvp~: 'into the fire.' -  8si: here joined with opt. of desire, as
it is freq. joined with imv., to strengthen the expression of wish. One
might paraphrase: ' Perish, then, our resolves and shrewd counsels.'
341. airovSat, S4LaC: in their literal sense, ' libations and right hands,'
standing in conjunction for the league of friendship of which they were
the sign. -  dKpqTroL [6KpaToL]: compound of a privative and KepdvvL/uA.
'Unmixed' wine was employed in solemn libations; wine was not drunk
unmixed. -    -rirerLOEv [e'7re7roiOzciev]].
342. aTrws: see on v. 138.
343. Epipe.LEva [evpe7v].
344.  S6' (er) Ws irpCv: ' still as heretofore.'
346.   OLv9~Oiv: G. II9, II, H. 411, D. --  va Kal. 8vo: see on v. 303.
Connect 'AXaiwv as part. gen. with roL [oi].
347. avrCiv: subjective gen., 'no accomplishment shall be theirs,' i.e.
they shall accomplish nothing.
348. iLvcu depends upon /ovuXEwa-io. -.rpv... irpCv: see on A 97.
Which srpiv is a conjunction, which an adverb?
349. yVo0VLEVML [yjvva]: cf. UdzyEai, A 98, i 6. -- +ievSos: pred. noun
where we should expect a pred. adj. evSues.
350. yap ov: 'for in any case.'
351. e'rr vlqvorlv PoLvov: E'ri with dat. differs little from ev or a-v, with
dat. or from the simple dat.; translate: ' were going away in their ships.'




ILIAD II.


211I


352. +ov    KalI K^pa: 'slaughter and death,' Homeric fulness of expression. Cf. in Engl. ' death and destruction.'
353. &arrp&roTv: an anacoluthon; strictly this and the follg. ptc.
should be in acc. case, but 71/Al Karavevala Kpoviova becomes for the moment, to the speaker, Kare'zvevore Kpoviov. --- iri8La: lit. 'on the right.'
As the augurs in observing the flight of birds looked toward the north
(perhaps because Mt. Olympus lay in that direction), the east, the favorable quarter of the sky, was on the right. -- acLvov: 'revealing.'
354. Tr: 'therefore,' dat. of cause. --  esli-yeoQ-O: from crEeiw.
355. T7W: 'many a one' (cf., for a similar wish, Job xxxi. IO).Tpr&iv AX6Xcp: 'a Trojan wife.'
356. 'EXkvls, KT,.: ' Helen's pangs and groans;' the gen. is subjective.
358. fs vljds: navis suae.
359. 54pa irp6cr9' &XXov ir(<ntrrr [,va 7rpdTrpoV &Awv ItO Ic^rTaL]: ' in
order that in advance of others he may overtake death and fate,' i.e. that
death and fate may overtake him. Cf this cumbrous form of denunciation
with vv. 123-128, and see note on that passage.
360. arbro's T Ct p!8ESo,,red0 T' &\XXA: 'do you not only consider for
yourself, but comply with the advice of another.'
361. a&irlpXrpov: 'to be lightly esteemed.' — iros: lit. 'word,' i.e.
'counsel.'
362. Nestor insists on the importance of arrangement. The soldiers
will fight better under the eyes and with the support of friends. — +iva:
'tribes,' includes a number of the smaller fpp'.rpas: 'clans.'
363. <p'rTpljp[ [ypdTrp,]: dat. sing. with suffix -0. G. 6i, N. 3, H.
2a6 D., Sketch of Dialect, ~ 9, i.
365. 8s 'r Wv: 'and who perhaps,' implying that there might prove to
be no cowards among the host and thus nerving the people to greater
exertions.
366. liQo- [f,]. --   KarT o'eas: 'by themselves' (see on A 271).
367. ^ Kcat [el Ka]: 'whether owing even to divine power,' cf. A 83.
368. i, TA.: ' or simply because of,' etc.
370. q p4v [I,/iv]: 'verily.' -  &yopj: 'in the agora,' local dat.
371. act yap [el ydp]: 'would that.' One can see from this passage
how Ed yadp comes to be a particle of wishing. 'For if I had, etc., then
should the city bow,' is equivalent to 'would that I had, then should,' etc.
373.  rc: 'then' (see on v. 354). -   I- PLveLE (aor. opt. from  OiuO, 'bow
down'): see on v. I48.
374.   Xovo-a: 2 aor. ptc. from &aiaKouai. --   irqpOopavr: 'being
sacked,' describes what follows upon &Aovroa: 'having been taken.'
376. FeT' ipL8as: ' into the midst of strifes.'
378. Apxov XaXEcrLCvwv: 'began it by my anger.'
379. is l(acv: o6AX7rv is easily supplied from BovAeirofrev.
380. &v&SPXlorLs (&vaia>lf, 'postpone'): verbal noun govening objective gen. (cf. v. 436).




212


NOTES.


381. gvw&ywopev"ApTla: 'we may join battle,' cf. Lat. pugnam committere.
382. TLS: each one.' -   Give force of midd. voice to the verbs 87fdcaOw (047ywo), OeoOw, by translating: 'his spear,' 'his shield.'
384. L&pjaoTos &aBis it8Ov: 'having looked on both sides of his chariot,'
i.e. having seen well to it.
385. KpLV(6J'9Oc: ' decide between one another,' 'contend.'
386. p.~eTEr'(roa L: 'shall intervene.'
387.   Aivos &vSpCov: lit. ' the fury of men,' i.e. 'the furious combatants.'
388. TEV: ' of many a one;' the gen. probably limits TrEAa~u^v, although
that cannot easily be translated except in connection with aaclrSos a&tuspcT77S, ' the strap of the man-protecting shield of many a one.'
389. KalIELTraL: as subj. sc. n  s.-  Xeip: acc. of specification.
390. TTvrLivwv: 'tugging.'
392. pJL1Iv6.ELV: an intensive form from Flpvwc (cf. v. 296), which is a
reduplicated form from /ievw.
393. o/ ol tirevTa &pKLOV it'O-Et~iaL wlyleLV: 'there shall be no safety to
him to flee,' i.e. 'he shall find no safety from.'
394. cs &TE [ob'ra] Kvupa: SC. IdXa.
395. KLV^Ol: sc., as object, r- [aurJ] referring to Kcvua.
396. OKoIrrEX  (cf. Lat. scopulus): appositive of aK&rT.
397.  rcLvro{wv &avecov: waves ' of all kinds of winds,' i.e. raised by all
kinds of winds; the gen. is subjective and denotes the cause. — yvwvTaL: subj. is &tvEuo. Translate: 'whenever they rise on this side or on
that.'
398. 6piovTO [r&pvvvTo]: ipf. implying a pres. ope'o/AC. --   KeSorOvrs
[aKnaceoeGr0f7s].
400..XXos &MXp gpe~e: 'one was performing sacrifice to one, another
to another,' i.e. the different tribes made offering, each to its patron deity,
according to its own national rites.
401. iCAov: 'toil,' 'moil.'
402. 6: 'he,' i.e. Agamemnon.
403.   rErvra-rrTpov: 'five-year old,' and so full-grown.
404. KCKX1cKErK: 'was inviting' to the banquet which always made
part of the sacrifice. y- -ypovras: not used here with distinct reference
to age, but equals' counsellors.' --  &pto-rrfas IIavCXaCL&: in definitive
apposition with ye'povras. Translate: ' he was inviting from among the
counsellors the following champions of the collected Achaians.'
406. TvSUos v''v: 'Diomede.'   For further account of this hero see
E and Z xI9-236.
407. Nearly identical with this verse is v. I69.
408. Menelaos stands on a higher footing than the other chiefs, and
his presence is expected at the banquet without special invitation. -- p3Ov
&-yudos: 'good at the battle-cry.' No trumpets are mentioned in the Homeric poems; hence the voice was important.




ILIAD II.


213


409. &&e)cdov [&aeA(pJdv]: example of prolepsis, natural in animated
style. See on A 537.
410. wriepCoT<racv: how distinguish the unaugm. aor. (used here) from
ipf.? -  ov'Xoxva'cLs: see on A 449.
412. Magnificent form of address: 'Zeus most glorious, most great,
wrapt in black clouds, dwelling in aether.' The abiding-place of Zeus was
aicpordr.i Kopvml 7roAvuSepaSos ObvXA5roso, A 499. The summit of Olympus
towered out of the a&p into the ai0{p. With the substance of the prayer
(vv. 414, 415) may be compared several Old Testament invocations of
Jehovah; er.. Josh. x. 12, 13.
413. ew7r(L)SvoL and erEXOetv: infs. depending on a verb of praying,
e.g. 8ds, which can easily be supplied. irt with both verbs adds the idea
'upon the earth,' for sunset and darkness are thought of as falling from
heaven upon the earth.
414. irp7vE3: pred. adj. with /eAaOpov denoting the result of KcarcaaAehy. Ka&a lrp7res BaXeeLv: 'lay low.'
415.  rpiaLL n irupos: 'burn with fire.' 7rvp6s is gen. of material; for
orig. signif. of lrp-4ow, see on A 48I. - 0perpac: the pi. suggests folding
or double doors. --  SqoLo: pronounce as if written 8joLo.
417. p'oyaXCov: denotes the result of aitai (cf. 7rpr/ves, v. 414).
418. 684': adv. equivalent to dat. pl. of o8o6s. The English equivalent of the whole expression 'v Kovip~0v  Oa& XAaColaro [Aau3d&voLev] ycaav is:
'bite the dust.'
419. &pcL implies the knowledge of the hearer that it was not in accordance with Zeus's plan to grant Agamemnon's prayer (see on vv. 35,
36).
420. SEKTO: syncop. 2 aor. from seXouai, see on A 23.-  4yalopTov:
lit. 'unenviable,' i.e. 'unhappy.'
421-424 = A 458-461.
425. OX'TI cLv: local dat., 'on splinters' (cf. in A 462, brl rXS^ps).
426. a&lEpcavTres [avcYarepavres]: apocope and assimilation. -  UrECpeXov [v'7rpeXov]: v5'reip is perhaps for wrept, a locative form for virep (cf.
wrapai, TpoTri, viral). - 'H4caCo-TrLo: metonymy, -the name of the god for
the element over which he presides.
427-432 = A 464-469.
434. Cf. A 122, where the courtly beginning of the verse was in sharp
contrast with the abusive ending.
435. Xkytp;eSa: La Roche would translate, as the verb has no object,
'let us lie idle,' which involves confounding the roots XAFy- and AeX-. It
seems better to translate, 'let us be talking with one another,' although
in the few passages where A'ye-(r0aL has that sense an ace. raO'ra is added.
A varia lectio is 8 v vv  dl7Kert racra XeyL',UOa, wr-A. But it is not easy to
see to what the 'these things' refer.
436. &}spcaXXiJc0a: see on v. 380.-  IyyuaXtCEL: see on A 353 -



214


NOTES.


438. Kaqp1VrovES a&yCipovt'v: 'let them collect by proclamation.'
439. a0pooi AoL: 'assembled just as we are.' wae seems never to mean
'as follows' in Homer.
440. 0&c-roov: 'more quickly' than could otherwise be the case, i.e.
'very quickly.' This is an example of the absolute comparative.
442-444 = (very nearly) vv. 50-52.
445. oL a&R4' 'ATpl'p(ova paorXtes: 'the son of Atreus and the (other)
kings.'
446. KpCVOVTrS: i.e. according to Nestor's advice, v. 362. -- IJE'r Se:
'and in the midst.' What verb is to be supplied with 'A0v7v??
447. aiyC8' (nom. al-ys): the 'aegis,' or shield of Zeus, often lent by
him to Athena. The aegis is 'precious,' epiripL.ov, because not subject
to age or decay,' &-aypaov aOavcdr]Yv TE. Of these last two epithets it may
be said that they always occur together, and except in this phrase are
always applied to persons.
448. 'rs: may be explained as possessive gen., 'whose hundred tassels,'
but is probably better considered as gen. of separation: 'from which
dangle.' Cf. q7EpeOov'raL (from stem &ap-) with 7yJ-pe'ovro (stem ayep-), and
see on v. 304. The Homeric conception of the aegis seems to be a kind
of apron or flap hanging from the shield and ornamented with precious
tassels, finely twisted of golden thread. For a fuller description of the
aegis, cf. E 738 follg.
449.   KO.TOp'3OLOS: a frequent primitive method of estimating value is
in oxen (see on A I54).
450. 1rctjicTo-ro'ovrctra 'resplendent.'
451. av: join with ipaoev.
452. KapS': apposition of the part with the whole, 'in each one ie.
his heart,' i.e. 'in the heart of each one.' Perhaps this passage should
lead us to explain OvIuA in A 24 as an appositive of 'A-ya/ejuAovL, rather
than as a local dative
453. yXvcuKov [yxvIcVTepos]: f. A 249.
455. Here follow five similes: (i) the forest fire, suggested by the
gleam of the armored host; (2) the flocks of birds, referring to its numbers and tread; (3) the swarms of flies, to its persistence; (4) the goatherd and his flocks, to its systematic ordering according to tribes; (5) the
bull and herd, to Agamemnon's pre-eminence. --  -TrE [Cws ore].
456. YKca0ev: 'from far away;' the point of view chosen is in the distance, instead of in the vicinity of the light. This illustrates a (uniformly
noticeable) diversity of Greek from Engl. idiom.
457. TrOV: connect with XaAKoO, and translate (vv. 457 and 458).: ' the
resplendent gleam from the vast expanse of bronze of these as they
marched along came through the upper air to heaven.' -- 0eo-wt'.Lo
(Oeds and stem Kerr-, cf v. 483): lit. 'divinely spoken,' then 'marvelous,'
'vast;' here epithet of XaXKov: the 'broad expanse of bronze armor.'




ILIAD II.


2I5


459. 'r&v: is taken up again by rciv in v. 464, and must be left untranslated.
460. XTlv&v, yEpC6vOv,KVKVOV: appositives of opviOwv.
461. The river Kayster is in Lydia, flowing south of Mt. Tmolos into
the Aegean just north of Ephesus. The vale through which it flows is
the 'Aorios AXeiuv: 'Asian mead,' whence perhaps the name Asia may
have spread, as the designation of one of the grand divisions of the globe.
462. &yaXXdeva IrrEpvyeGOr-v [7rrepvui]: 'sporting exultingly on their
pinions,' dat. of means.
463. KXayyTiS-v W-poKae L6Vr6oV: 'alighting one before another with a
din.' The ptc. (agreeing with the gens. in v. 460) describes most vividly
the manner in which a flock of birds alight, those settling later dropping
in front of those which have already touched the ground. Notice a flock
of doves, as they alight. - TE in this verse, as in v. 456, has no translatable meaning.
465. irpoXoovro: 'were pouring forth.'
466. wro8rv: if ir6r had purely local signif. the dat. iroaaro would be required. It is simplest to recognize here a transition to the causal signif.
Translate: 'under (i.e. because of the tread of) the feet of themselves
and the horses.'
467. iorrav: 'they halted.' This and the two follg. verses are remarkably flowing, on account of the numerous liquids and vowels which they
contain.
468. spy: may refer to any season, here (as in v. 47 ) to ' springtime.'
469. puJL&ULov [LVitv]: from nom. sing. ya.ta. Sc. with 9gvea, '7hdoKovw'v
or similar verb.
471. yXkyos (nom. sing.): heteroclite form of.yd4a, ' milk.'
472.   wrl TpEro-o-,: of hostile aim, 'against the Trojans.'
474. rovs simply anticipates roVsr in v. 476, and is best omitted in translation. -  So-rE [ax'rep]: see on v. 289. --  aWa'ra rXraTr' aty&v: 'widegrazing (goat-) herds of goats;' the epithet wrxaea is true to life, as any
one who has ever seen goats grazing will recognize; al-ywv is gen. of material, pleonastic if, as generally considered, the first part of alcrXAad is aft.
alrdXo;L tvSpes: &vpfe seems superfluous, but there are many similar
instances of its use; e.g. r 170, ao'tLXt a&vpf (cf. A 216, 275, 485).
475. pest  [Sq8wos] L8aKpcvCoaL: we should have indic. in prose. —
volF>: local dat. - _  IYoo-<wv: 2 aor. pass. subj. 'when they have become
intermingled in the pasture.' The subj. in the temporal clause implies a
repeated act. G. 229, 225, H. 728.
477. l4vcu;: inf. of purpose (see on A 8). -- PaT& 8i: adv. 'and among
them.'
478. In giving to Agamemnon the majestic head of Zeus, the broad
breast of Poseidon, and the slender waist of Ares, the poet shows that
established types of representation of the different deities already existed
in sculpture.




2i6


NOTES.


480. &yeXf1tL [a&yeAp]: 'in the herd.' Sketch of Dialect, ~ 9, i.Poius is comm. gender and the appositive Tracpos designates the sex.
--    rXET: 'is;' gnomic aor., see on A 218.
481. PBoO'eoL [fiovi]. --  aypolevr-O': sync. 2 aor. midd. ptc. from ayeipw.
483. ijpwoe0rLV ['ipwitrv]: 'among the heroes,' dat. of interest loosely
connected with 'EoXov. G. I84, 5, H. 6oi.
484. io'TrerE: 'relate.' The form is 2 aor. imv. from stem oe~r- 'say,'
whence &-(orre-ros, 'untold' (v. 455), and  e-are'-aios, 'divinely spoken'
(v. 457), are both derived. There is a pres. ev-e'rw (for ev-e'Trow), and Hadley considers Eoa-rere 2 aor. imv. for Ev-a(e)V7-ere.  Curtius, on the other
hand, makes it simply a redupl. 2 aor. imv. for oe-aore-TE. What the
relation of the stem o-rer- to the stem Fe7r- is, is not clear, but the two appear to have been confounded by the Greeks. The appeal to the Muses,
the daughters of Mnemosyne ('Memory') and of Zeus (v. 491), is appropriate before commencing the catalogue (vv. 494-759) so severe a test of
the Minstrel's memory. See Introduction, p. xix.
485. zr'peo'TE: sc. rao-r, suggested by 7rayTa.
486. KXMOS otov: ' only rumor.' Distinguish: oios, 'alone;' otos,
'such as; ' olds, 'of a sheep.'
488.   uvieo-olPaL, ovo.i'vw: aor. subjunctives. It is uncertain whether
the &v is to be repeated with the ovoFjivw, cf. A 137, 262.
490. qTop: lit. 'heart,' i.e. 'lungs.'
492.  AvqcraCacx'  -roL [fuvria'c ro avrwv o'rol]: 'should bring them to
mind as many as.'
493. wrpoircr-as: the force of 7rp6 in this compound may be thus given:
'all, as one proceeds forward in an enumeration.'
494. At this point begins the catalogue of ships which ends with v.
785. It was known among the ancients by the name BoiwrTa, because the
Boeotians (BoLWTrv, v. 494) stand first in the enumeration. Their priority may be due to the fact that the expedition set sail from Aulis (cf. B
303) in Boeotia. To the ancients this catalogue was a document of the
greatest importance, and was regarded as authoritative upon the question
as to what towns in ancient times belonged to the various districts of
Greece. Its interest at the present time is chiefly geographical, and the
student will most easily become familiar with the location of the places
named by referring to the three maps (from Kiepert's Atlas of Hellas and
the Hellenic Colonies: Berlin, 1872) which follow. For most other details,
historical, mythological, etc., he must refer to the Classical Dictionary.
It should be remarked that many of the Homeric localities ceased in
after times to be inhabited, or can no longer be identified by their names,
so that the maps are to a certain degree conjectural. The catalogue presents few grammatical difficulties.
496. ot 6': of (in this verse and in vv. 499, 500, 503, 504, 505, 507) refers to BoWiTrv as its antecedent. re is without connecting force (see on A
86). — 4eovivro: 'possessed,' lit. 'fed upon.'




ILIAD  II.


217


-LplalP                I ERYrHRA.
BOEOTIA, PHOIS, LOKRIS IN TIE HO.....ERIC AGE  VV. 494-535.
BOEOTIA, PHOKIS, LOKRIS IN THE HOMERIC AGE. VV. 494-535.


498. Ocorermcav: like nAxdrelav (v. 504) appears later in pl. form; e.g.
OE'arElat, nIrAarLa. --  rpaa: the place whence the later appellatives,
rpaLKoL and the Lat. Graeci, were derived.
505. 'Ywro0iEpas: Thebes itself is not mentioned because that had
already been destroyed by the 'E7riyovoi, lit. 'After-born,' i.e. sons of those
who made the first attack upon Thebes,-but only its successor, 'Tro0i9 -Bai, the 'lesser' or 'later Thebes.'
506. &Xctos: it seems rather strange that &a~os, 'grove,' should be an
appositive of a city. There may have been no proper city aside from
Poseidon's grove and temple, as there was no town at Olympia except
in connection with the sacred Altis.
509. rr&v: resumptive of BorwC,-v (v. 494), somewhat like T-v in v. 464,
rous in v. 476.- cv: join with O3avov,' were embarking,' i.e. from Aulis,
whence the expedition set sail (see on v. 303).
510. KoupOL: 'fighting youths' of the nobility.
511. l8'(E') =  8' [Icai]. —   MwveLov: adj. 'Minyeian.' The famous
tribe of the Minyai took the principal part in the Argonautic expedition.
Their capital was Orchomenos.
514. virrepawLov etLraova-pcar: 'after she had gone up into the upper
chamber,' added instead of a partitive appositive to dupy.
515. "ApqL: dat. 'to Ares.' Thus it was that Ares was the progenitor
of the Minyai. -  rapE'XLaT0: from stem xEX-.
516. Tros: dat. limiting verb (o'a-TiXwvTo), instead of gen. (of possession) limiting noun (ve'es=v-,es). G. 184, 3, N. 4, H. 597.
519. IlvuOva: the later Delphi. The epithet rreTp1erca is most appropriate from the mighty cliffs, which rise more than Iooo feet on each
side of the chasm in which was the oracle.
522. oS T' &pa: for force of &pa({a), cf. B 36.
526. iLnrXjqv: 'hard by,' contains the root of?reAas, 7rAl7arov, and governs the gen.




2I8


NOTES.


529. This verse was generally regarded by the ancient critics as interpolated. The frequent repetition of the fact of his inferiority of stature
seems uncalled for.
539. 1KEKao'ro: plupf. from KcaLvyuai with signif. of ipf., 'excelled.' It
is followed by acc., not by the gen. as a word of superiority. -- IaveXX7ivas: 'the united Hellenes.' This expression designates the collective
inhabitants of Northern Greece, as IlavaXaLol (v. 404) signifies the collective inhabitants of Peloponnesus and islands.
535. wirpTiv [7repaY]: 'opposite.'- itps: designation of certain islands,
see on A 366.
536. FevEOa 7rvtCovTrs: 'breathing (breath which is) fury.' The acc. is
cognate.   "Ap3avTEs: the name of one of the aboriginal tribes of Greece.
538. t9Xov = E7rl r'7s as: 'on the sea.'
542. oirLOEv KOLOovrTES: i.e. with the front part of the head shorn and
with a long queue, like the Tartars or Chinese. Contrast with Kdpcr
CKo1dAwvTrs, and see on v. i. The Abantes were a wild barbarous race,
hardly Hellenes.
544. A dodecasyllabic verse, i.e. consisting of six spondees. For
8r1Cowv, see on v. 415.-  'lcfi  "ri0Ec'or -: 'about their breasts.'
549. Ka8.. EO'rev [KiaOeev]: prep. shows apocope and assimilation.
-E( vr(O [T, P auTs verE]. The reference is to the Erechtheum at Athens,
not of course the sumptuous Ionic temple of which the ruins still stand
there, but a far earlier, ruder shrine. The site of the Erechtheum was
the most sacred in the Acropolis, for here it was that Poseidon had left
the mark of his trident in the rock whence issued the salt spring, and
here it was that Athena had called forth from the rock the sacred olive-tree.
Here, too, was worshipped the rude image of Athena, which, like that of
Ephesian Artemis, was believed to be Alo7reT's, 'fallen from Zeus.'
550. tLLV LX[ovTaL: 'propitiate him,' i.e. the deified Erechtheus whose
worship was founded and sanctioned by Athena.
552. IIETEOO: very peculiar form of gen. for iereIE from nom. feresEs.
553. To': 'to him,' i.e. Menestheus.
555. There is great similarity between the last hemistich of this verse
and that of r 215.
557. 8uoKalCSEKa [8ceca].
558. tv'(a): local, 'where.'
559. The Cyclopean walls of Tiryns are in parts quite perfect still.
They are built of enormous stones, and have this peculiarity of construction: a tunnel runs lengthwise through the wall, from which, by openings
above, the defenders could appear at any point on the top of the wall to
repel an attack.
561. Troezen was the home of Aithra, daughter of king Pittheus
(r 144). Here she brought forth Theseus, the national hero of Attika,
and here he passed his boyhood before going to seek adventures and his




ILIAD     II.


219


THE PELOPONNESUS IN THE HOMERIC AGE. VV. 550637.


throne at Athens. Epidauros was the seat of the most famous shrine of
Asklepios (Aesczulapius). Here were great curative establishments, famous
physicians, and one of the largest theatres in Greece, the latter now
existing in good preservation.
562. Al'yLvav: Aigina was ruled by Aiakos, the progenitor of Achilles. The towns from which the contingent of Diomede came were
among the most famous and powerful in Greece.
568. OySdIKOvra [o'y5oKovrTa].
569. As Argos heads the list of towns represented in Diomede's contingent, so does Mykenae that of those in Agamemnon's.




220


NOTE S.


572. 80L [o]: 'where.'
575. cLyLaXov 4v&a rr6vTa: 'throughout the whole coast-line.'
576. TOiv iKcaLbV vrTIv: 'of the Ioo ships of these.' Trv (masc.) =
TOVTWro is possessive gen. limiting vCZ'v, and is the antecedent of oi in v.
569 and of oi in v. 573.
578. iv 8': adv., 'and among them.' -- Is86caTro: 'clad himself in.'
580. This verse is probably spurious; if translated, it should be connected with cKvsu&v. --  pLros: here, as in A 9I, used of pre-eminence
in wealth and dignity.
586. T'OV: limits vecjv, as in v. 576, 'their sixty ships.' oT: 'brother
commanded for him,' instead of 'his brother commanded.'
587. air-6.,Tp0e (&rep) [&vev]: 'apart,' 'by themselves,' a sign of the
different footing on which Menelaos stood from the other chiefs.
590. See on v. 356. Little censure of Helen is implied in this verse.
595.   LvrTO61AvaL (&Yro/aLi) [avrdaw]: 'meeting with.' --  Oi vpLv Tbv
Opip^ica: 'Thamyris, that Thracian.' Not the historical Thrace is here
referred to, but Pieria, a region in southern Macedonia at the foot of
Olympus, where the worship of the Olympian deities and the Muses was
first developed by such singers as Orpheus, Thamyris, Musaios, and
thence extended to Greece generally. These singers were considered the
fathers of Greek poetry. Here Thamyris is represented, like a rhapsodist,
as wandering about and visiting the courts of different kings.
597. o-TErEO ydap EvX6olvoS VLKTIO-LV: 'for he declared with boasts that
he would conquer;' join inf. directly with o-rEOo (of. r 83). — ELrcp &v
dECSoLEv: 'even should the Muses in person sing;' for El &v w. opt. see on
A 60.
604. AirrVTLov: adj. equivalent to AltrvTov, the gen. sing. of noun.
With avepes sc. elai. See on B 20, 54.
609. 'Ayari1vcop: it has been remarked that this single Arcadian
leader is not again mentioned in the Iliad.
614. Cirr... qI~EXEt: for phrase, cf. v. 338. Living in the interior,
they had no experience or knowledge of the sea.
616. ig-o-ov ic': 'as far as,' i.e. ' over as large a space as.'
617. iVTOs spye: 'shuts in,' 'includes.' fEpyeL agrees with 'AAloa-ov,
but is understood with the other subjects; its object is HXiaSa understood.
Translate freely: 'as much of Elis as they include,' lit. 'as far as they include Elis.'
619. wroXE's 8' }lPaLvov 'ErECLo: 'for the Epeioi embarked in large
numbers.'
625. ot 8' iK AovXCXoO: sc. )orav.
626. valCovo-: 'lie,' lit. 'dwell.' -- "HXSos &v'T; 'opposite Elis.'
The poet has placed these islands too far to the southward.
629. a.7'rEv6Tora-ro (vaiw): 'withdrew.'
631. Odysseus was king of a large island-kingdom. The collective




ILIAD   II.


221


name for his subjects was KeacLXXves. Ithaka, the island with which
he is specially associated, was only a very small part of his domain.
632, 633. 'I0aiKrv: the town Ithaka; the other three places in these
two vv. are all thought of as situate in the island Ithaka.
635.  ireLpov: 'main-land,' probably Akarnania and Leukas, then a
promontory. --  &vTLrrpaLa: ' land lying opposite,' probably that part of
Elis situated over against the island Zakynthos.
638. This and the follg. verse give the reason why Thoas came to be
leader of the Aetolians. The most famous of the sons of Oineus were
Tydeus and Meleager. Tydeus perished before the walls of Thebes;
Meleager, by the act of his own mother. Meleager alone is mentioned
(v. 642) as the most famous of the sons of Oineus.
643. Translate; 'and it had been charged upon him to act as king
for the Aetolians in every matter.'
Verses 645-670 describe Crete and Rhodes. In the center of Crete
lies Mt. Ida, over 6oo0 feet high. North of this, on the coast, was Knosos
(written also Knossos and Gnossos); south, Gortys or Gortyn (later Gortyna). In the eastern part of the island lay Lyktos, Miletos, Lykastos.
Phaistos and Rhytion lay near Gortyna. In Rhodes only three towns are
named, Lindos on the east, Ialysos on the north, Kameiros on the west.
The disproportionate length of the story of Tlepolemos (vv. 658-667),
grafted in upon the account of the Rhodians, has suggested that it may
have been composed by a Rhodian rhapsodist.
655. 8Lci: construe with Koo-xi]w0E'vTES.
658. P6i 'HpaKXrlTeC: i.e. 'to the mighty Herakles,' cf v. 666 and r 105.
659. &yETo: subj. is 'HpaAXhs suggested by adj. 'HpaKtXelp in v. 658.
660. SLOTpeEC&oV aLtlov: 'noble warrior;' BLorpeE'cwv here signifies
simply that those whom he slew belonged to the heroic stock.
661. 8' wrrd obv: 'and so when.'
662.  rcaTpos EoZo (CXov pxrlrpCaL: 'his father's own (pliov) uncle
(mother's brother).'
667.  IX-yea -rrao'Xv: a common phrase apparently half conventional,
and often used because it conveniently closes a verse.
668. (KqlOEV [ K7l0orav].: 'they dwelt,' ie. the Rhodians-  KaTa[vXa.8v: 'according to tribes,' equivalent to KaTa cpiXa, v. 362.
670. There were later legends of a golden shower which Zeus had
shed upon the island Rhodes. Another story about the island was that
the sun shone there every day in the year. On the face of the coins of
Rhodes is the face of the sun-god Apollo; on the reverse side, a rosebud
(pAsov).
671. The small islands mentioned, vv. 671-680, are: Syme, Nisyros
Karpathos, Kasos, Kos, Kalydnai. They constitute the group known
as Sporades. They are situated, reckoning from Rhodes as a centre:
Syme and Nisyros to the northwest; Karpathos and Kasos to the south



222


N OT E S.


TILE HOMERIC PELASGIC ARGOS, OR THE DISTRICT BETWEEN MT.
OLYMPUS AND THE MALIC GULF - ROUGHLY CORRESPONDING TO
THE LATER THESSALY. VV 681-759.


west; Kos to the north; Kalydnai probably designates a number of small
islands near Kos. - Nlpep6s: the repetition of the name in this and in
the follg. vv., common in poetry of all languages, is called epanalepsis. It
serves to keep alive the attention of the reader or hearer. The significant
names of the parents of Nireus - Aglaia, 'splendor,' Charopos, 'brightfaced '-suggest that his beauty was hereditary.
674. T'v &XXov Acavaov: as gen. of the whole, &Axov would be superfluous, because the gen. of the whole should include the word denoting
the part, and &X\Xv would exclude Nlpeus. Explain as in A 505.
675. &Xa-raLSv's: 'feeble.'
676. Kpci'ra0os: metathesis for Kdp7racos, cf. Opdaos, capTrepds for acpaos, KpaTep6s. Sidgwick mentions, as illustrations of the same thing in
English, 'Brummagem 'for Birmingham, and, in local dialects, 'cruds' for
curds.
677. KrSv: ace. sing. contracted for K6wv. The nom. sing. is Kdws,
contracted Kis.
680.,rots: for dat. see on v. 602.
681. troVs: stands here without a verb; perhaps eipew (cf. v. 493) is to
be supplied.




ILIAD II.


223


684. Mvpp}CSovEs, "EXXrves, 'AxctoC: names arranged in order, beginning with the more specific. Mvputhoves is the special name for Achilles's
subjects, "EXAAves refers particularly to the inhabitants of rIeXaaryLKbv
"Apyos, 'AXaiot designates in general the Achaian host under the command of Agamemnon.
685. Translate: 'of their (iOv) fifty ships again Achilles was commander.'
686. e4.vWovro: 'were mindful of;' assimilated ipf. from stem tAva(prs. uvao/uat or UJLuv6foKw). The meaning seems to be nearly that of
687. Translate: 'for there was no one who would lead them into line
of battle.'
688. In this and the three follg. verses the circumstances of the capture of Briseis are described, see on A 392.
692. KQ.... 3OcvE: i.e. &TrE'KrELVev.
694. T'rs: for gen. of cause with a&Ev, cf. v. 689; see also on A 65.
This verse is very weak and unpoetical, and Zenodotus rejected the entire passage, vv. 686-694.
699. 'XEv KCLT: cf. KIdrXE^v, r 243.
700. ap&4L8pvWis: 'with both cheeks torn,' in sign of deepest grief.
The wife of Protesilaos was Laodamia. Cf. Wordsworth's Laodamia.
703. ov18 piv [== lfv] ovi'. negation strengthened by double negative: 'but by no means I assure you (/fuv).' — y piv [Iauv]: 'and yet
certainly.' Translate the last hemistich: 'though longing for their commander.'
707. 'rpd6Trpos [Tpoyevzaf'lpos]: 'younger.'
708. This and the follg. verse, as repetitious, were rejected by some
ancient critics.
714..nr' 'Au8AjT": vzir occurs several times in connection with TicTW,
with the dative of person (cf. vv. 725, 742, 820).
715. "AXKqo-TrS: famous for the beautiful story, as told by Euripides,
of her death in her husband's stead. Robert Browning's translation of
the tragedy in Balaustion's Adventure should be read.
723. 'K~6 I0oX0CtovTTa KK   6kXood4povos i'8po: ' tormented by the
dreadful sore (from the bite) of the deadly water-snake.' The story of
how the recall of Philoktetes, necessary in order that Troy might be
taken, because in his possession were the bow and arrows of Herakles,
was accomplished by Odysseus, is not found in the Iliad. It is alluded to
in vv. 724, 725.
731. 'Ao-KXptl ov: here is a case where the original reading seems to
have been 'AncA7p2rnado.
741. TKr&eO: used indifferently of either parent: 'begat' or 'brought
forth,' cf. follg. verse.
743.  lxarTn T4t [>re]: 'on the day when,' as in v. 351. -   lpaLs cLXVtiCvras: 'shaggy monsters,' i.e. centaurs, see on A 268.




224


NOTES.


750. A8oSWvqv: generally located by geographers in Thessaly, not far
from modern Jannina, although a scholion in Codex Venetus places it in
Molossis in Epirus. Here was the most venerable oracle of the Hellenic
race. Zeus disclosed his will in the rustling of the holy oak and the
murmur of the waters of a cold sacred stream at its foot. --  8ovXEip.epov: 'wintry.'
751. Translate: 'and who cropped their fields (peya) about the lovely
Titaresios.'
752. IrpoEL [7rpolr'ai]: accent inconsistent with its formation as if from
a pres. Trpo-lEw.
754. Kae0v'1repev: 'down from  above.' This verse describes, in a
poetical way, how the clear waters of the mountain stream (Titaresios)
refuse to mix with the muddy river of the plain (Peneios).
755. This verse assigns the reason for the refusal of the waters of the
Titaresios to unite with those of the Peneios. The former is a 'branch'
(a&roppct) of the Styx, connected in some mysterious subterranean way
with it, and the water of this dreadful river, it is taken for granted, unites
with no other water. Notice the slow movement of the first hemistich,
suited to the solemn words 'opKov yap aELvou.
758. IIpoOoos oo6s: observe the paronomasia.
759. This verse marks the conclusion of the catalogue of the Greeks.
Now, before enumerating the Trojans, a moment is taken to answer the
questions: 'who was the bravest chief? ' which were the fleetest horses?'
761. T'S T' &p: see on A 8. -  ~X' &pprros: see on A 69. --  vvEre:
see on v. 484. --- jovra: for sense in which the word is used, see on
A I.
762. acLTrv A18' ir'trov: 'of the men themselves and of their horses,'
both words in apposition with r-v, v. 762.
763. I1rsroL pv Fi.y' LpLrraL: the best way to manage the fem. gender
in this passage is to translate: 'the mares of Admetos were by far the
best.' Admetos was the son of Pheres,,rlpr7Tl'rlrS. Mares were preferred in ancient warfare.
764. 6pvLOds Wis: for accent of &s and short final syllable made long
before it, see on v. I90. The mares are compared with birds not as swiftfooted, but as swift. In other words, there is no emphasis laid on the first
part of the compound Wro-owKeas (see on ',oX$et, A 598).
765. oLt-'Eas: 'of one age.' --  rTaqb irl vyrrov etras: 'equal as
measured by the plumb-line over their backs.' Perhaps we are to think
of the use of the plumb-line in connection with the square in the way
often practised at the present day to determine whether two points are of
equal height. A simpler translation is: 'like a plumb-line over their
backs,' i.e. 'straight-backed,' not hollow-backed. 0-TrafvOt: lit. 'a bunch
of grapes;' then, from similarity of shape, a 'plummet.'
766. epEi+' [e0pe4e]: from rpepw. Apollo served as herdsman to Admetos in Pereia in Thessaly, and there reared these famous mares.




ILIAD II.


225


767. +fcpov "Ap1os *opeovlorcLs: 'carrying (where they went) flight
caused by Ares.'
769. d6pac: 'as long as.'
770.  iji.Lova: 'faultless,' in sense of A 92. No chief and no steeds
could compare with Achilles and his divine horses so long as they were
present in the camp.
773. XLoi: i.e. the Myrmidons.
774. aiyavii(rL Uivres: 'hurling hunting-spears.' For dat., see G. 188,
I, H. 607. It seems rather strange that, so far away from home and on a
warlike expedition, they should have had with them 'hunting-spears.'
776. XOrTov: a species of 'clover.'
777. trrTaoav (plupf. with signif. of ipf.): 'were standing.' We are
to think of the parts of the chariots as taken asunder, and laid separately
away. To fit them together for service was evrvv6/ELY ap/ara. -- &v.KTWv:
i.e. of Achilles and the under-chieftains of the Myrmidons.
780. oL 8i: with these words the poet leaves Achilles and the Myrmidons, and turns back to describe the advance of the other chiefs of the
Achaians. -  VifLLTO, KTX: 'as if the earth were to be devoured.' The
opt. is one of simple conception, and an opt. with &v may be supplied as
the conclusion of the condition. Thus (&s and el being separated): Cos &v
CE, el XOw Ve'yolro: 'as would be the case, if the earth were devoured
(by fire).' The meaning is (probably) that the splendor of their armor as
they marched was as if all the earth were aflame.
781. W's: for accent, f. v. 764. A- (final syllable used long before
jcs): supply viTrOTEVaXLiEL, and translate: 'as it groans under the might
of Zeus,' or more freely: 'as Zeus makes the earth groan beneath his
power;' for dat., G. 184, 3, H. 596, 597.
782. l)arona': sc. subj. Zevs. The myth was that the giant Typhoeus
was buried in Kilikia in the country of the Arimoi. The monster thus
buried is the personification of a volcano; now and then he moves himself
slightly, which makes an earthquake; and Zeus occasionally 'lashes' the
region where he is buried with his thunder-bolts, i.e. with lightning.
784. T'rV... ipXOpivwv: connect as limiting gen. with 7roo-ai.
785. rECtolo: best taken as local gen. 'on the plain.' Cf. r 14.
The account of the host of the Greeks is now complete, and, before
passing on to the muster of the Trojans, it will be well to enumerate in
their order the Greek chieftains. The list is as follows: Peneleos, Leitos,
Arkesilaos, Prothoen6r, Klonios (vv. 494, 495), Askalaphos, lalmenos
(v. 512), Schedios, Epistrophos (v. 517), Ajax (v. 527), Elephenor (v. 540),
Menestheus (v. 552), Ajax Telamonios (v. 557), Diomedes, Sthenelos,
Euryalos (v. 563), Agamemnon (v. 576), Menelaos (v. 586), Nestor (v. 6oi),
Agapenor (v. 609), Amphimachos, Thalpios (v. 620), Diores (v. 622),
Polyxeinos (v. 623), Meges (v. 627), Odysseus (v. 63ir, Thoas (v. 638),
Idomeneus (v. 645), Meriones (v. 65x), TlIpolemos (v. 653), Nireus




226


NOTES.


(v. 671), Pheidippos, Antiphos (v. 678), Achilles (v. 685), Pr6tesilaos
(v. 698), Podarkes (v. 704), EumElos (v. 714), Philoktetes (v. 718), Medon
(v. 727), Podaleirios, Machaon (v. 732), Eurypylos (v. 736), Polypoites
(v. 740), Leonteus (v. 745), Gouneus (v. 748), Prothoos (v. 756),-fortysix heroes in all.
786.  cK&a [ccE'c]: nom. fer. from cKc6s, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 13, 3.
788. a&opas &yopEuov: 'were holding assembly,' i.e. were gathered for
counsel.
789. S1iv...8e: 'both...    and.'
791. E'loraro (e4s8oiA): 'likened herself.'
794. 8~y\.evos (2 aor. ptc. midd. from  seXotLa): 'expecting,' see on v.
137.- va0wf+V [vYwv]: see on v. 363.- - a op+l0ietev: 'should start' on
their return. The opt. may be explained on the general principle of oratio obliqua, after a secondary tense.
795. EELcralevTl: see on A 306.
796. Joi30L 4IXOL &iKpTvoL: 'endless talk is dear,' i.e. you are all too
fond of words when deeds are needed.
797. cis iroT' ivr' Eipe'lvrs: ' as once in time of peace.'
802. 8E: 'now,' as in A 282. Translate the verse: 'Now   I enjoin
upon you especially to do precisely (ye) so' (i.e. as is described in vv.
802-806).
803. iroXXoC: pred. adj. 'many' are, etc.
804. Translate: 'Diverse from   one another are the languages of
widely scattered men.'
805.   otoLLer  ouL' irep 'pXEL: 'to those for whom he is commander,'
i.e. 'his soldiers.'
807. o TLr r'yvoCl'rEV: litotes, see on A 220.
808. gXvrj' -yopfiv: 'dissolved the assembly,' performed, that is, what
was properly the duty of Priam. --  irl.VreXEa 8' oeraEvovro: 'and they
were hurrying to arms.'
809. Ir&o-cat -rvXct: 'the whole gate,' i.e. both doors of the Scaean
gate.
811. ir6Xwos: synizesis of last two syllables. -  KoXj.)q: 'mound.'
813. Here again we have an allusion to two languages, - that of men
and that of gods, see on A 403. —   BaCtELav (ftdros, 'bramble'): lit.
'Thornhill.'
815. 8iKpLOeV [8e~KpiOrnoav]: 'was arranged' according to Iris's exhortation (vv. 805, 806), and after the manner of the Achaians (vv. 362 ff.,
446, 476.
Before taking up the list of the Trojans in detail, a few words as to the
composition of the host will be in place. The entire force consists of
sixteen detachments. Five of these came from Troy and its more immediate vicinity (vv. 8I6-839), while the remaining eleven (vv. 840-877) are




ILIAD II.


227


from the allies (9ricovpot). Of these last, three divisions came from
Europe, and nine from Asia. It will be noticed that Trojan reinforcements
came from many cities (e.g. Sestos, Abydos, Miletos) which were subsequently important Greek colonies and became thoroughly Hellenic. We
are not to assume any important difference in race between the Greeks
and Trojans. They worship the same gods, have essentially the same
customs, and confer together without interpreters, using the same language. Yet the Trojans stand upon a lower moral level than the Greeks,
as is shown by their practice of polygamy, and their forces are less homogeneous, - the allies in particular speaking many different languages
(v. 804). On the general topic of race, language, and character of the
Trojans, see Curtius's Greek History, vol. i. pp. 88, 89.
816. TpworC: the Trojans proper, i.e. the inhabitants of Troy. - Kopuv-aCoxos: 'with tossing helmet.'
818. piepal6rs iyXeClO-L: 'pressing forward with their spears,' dat. of
instrument.
819. Aao.pav(wv: 'Dardanians,' inhabitants of Dardania, a district on
the N. side of Mt. Ida. The modern name of the Hellespont, 'Dardanelles,' preserves the memory of this word. The Dardanians are next in
valor to the Trojans.
821.  ppOT(: appositive of 'AyXfap (v. 820), as is also Bed of 'AppoSTir-.
The contrast between the words BEd, 3poTry is made the more prominent
by their position.
822. ObK otos: 'by no means alone,' may be regarded as a kind of
litotes.
823. ir&iis: ' all kinds of,' in which sense 7raal, A 5, may also be
taken.
824.  rd68a vEC(Tov [va&rov= o'XaTro]: 'remotest extremity,' northernmost point of Ida.
825. piXav IlSop: this phrase describes water as it lies in springs, as
contrasted with the flowing water, bright with the light of the sun (a&yabv
6Swp). The same expression, Mavpb Nepi, ' Black Water,' is a very frequent name for springs in the Modern Greek. The expression, 'those
who drink the water of,' has passed into poetry as an equivalent of 'those
who live in.'
838. 'ApCo-P3lOev [t 'Aparlas].
839. ac0wovs: may perh. be translated 'sorrel;' yet see on A 482.
840. IIeXcaryiv: the origin and race (ethnical affinities) of the Pelasgians are uncertain. We know that they were widely spread over the
Greek peninsula in the prehistoric period, and we see from this passage.
that a part of them remained in Asia Minor. Hdt. i. 94 speaks of Pelasgians in Lydia and in Etruria. They are described as an agricultural
people who settled in fertile (cf. the word here used,?pisiAaca) plains,




228


NOTES.


and gave the name Larisa (or Larissa) to their cities. Eleven towns bearing this name are enumerated by ancient authors, of which three were in
Asia Minor. The one here referred to was probably near Kyme in Aiolis.
The epithet yXEeo-turu povs, ' mighty with the spear,' is inconsistent with the
peaceful character usually ascribed to the Pelasgians.
844. OpiKas: The Thracians dwelt along the coast from the Hellespont to the river Hebros.
845. iVTbS ipiyEL: 'includes' (as in v. 617), i.e. shuts off to the west
and separates from the races of Asia Minor.
846. KLK'OV: a warlike tribe whose city Odysseus plundered on his
return from the Trojan war, (L 39-61). They are to be sought on the
coast, just west of the Hebros.
848. Ilaiovas: the Paionians were a Macedonian tribe.
851. IIacXay6vov: Paphlagonia was on the south coast of the Pontos Euxeinos, west of the river Halys.
852. 'EvErTiv: the 'Everoi, a tribe of the Paphlagonians who subsequently emigrated to the Adriatic Sea. Hence are derived the names
'EPvero, Lat. Veneti, and ultimately Venice.-  &YPOTEPf&OV: ' living in the
fields,' 'wild;' the suffix -rEpos has here not exactly comparative force
(cf. Ope-TrpoS: 'dwelling in the mountains'), yet suggests a certain
contrast with those who dwell in the towns.
858. oltwvLo-'rs: 'one who divines from the flight of birds-of-omen'
(olwvoi), 'augur.' See on A 62.
862. Pp'yacs: the Phrygians are again mentioned and more fully described in r I84-I87. They dwelt in central Asia Minor, were drivers of
glancing steeds, and possessed a land rich in vineyards.
863. 'Ao-KCVCllS: Askania is the town on the lake of the same name,
better known in later times because the important imperial city of Nicaea
(seat of the council of Nicaea, 325 A. D.) was situated upon it. Hence,
also, Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, received his name.- - X'Eacraav (2
plupf. from stem /a-, pres. ualotuaz):;were eager,' cf. tefad6res, v. 818. -
Vr'LivL: this form is an isolated dat. sing. of 3 decl.; all other forms are
of I decl.
864. Mfoo-rL: the Mpoves [MaVloves], or ' Maeonians,' were the people
who were later called Lydians.
867. KapCov: nom. pl. Kapes, a people occupying the southwest corner
of Asia Minor. --  pappapoxvowv: in the later classic use, OBdpSapos came
to mean 'non-Greek;' here it is not used in that sense, but the compound
signifies ' rough-voiced.'
868. cBOetpCv: ntr. sing. acc. obj. of XoX, and explained by opos.
869. Ma4cLvSpov: the Maeander, from the winding course of which is
derived the Engl. word 'meander,' was one of the great rivers of Asia
Minor, flowing westward into the Aegean sea at Miletus. -  MVK6XS:
Mykale, a promontory in Ionia opposite Samos, was the scene of the




ILIAD   II.


229


great naval victory over the Persians gained by the Athenians on the
same day as that on which the battle of Plataea was fought, B. C. 479.
872. hiirT KO1p)P7: connect, not with rev [ELt], but with Xpuvov, used
with special reference to bracelets or necklaces.
873. vi-lros: 'fool.' -- ripKEcre: 'ward off;' the original meaning
of apicew.
876. The list closes with the names of two of the very noblest of the
chiefs who fought for Troy. The Iliad is so full of their exploits that
they need no fuller mention here. Sarpedon, the son of Zeus, ranks next
to Hector. Glaukos is mentioned at length in Z I45 follg.
877. AUKCqlS: 'Lykia,' on the south coast of Asia Minor, east of Karia,
the remotest point hitherto mentioned whence allies of the Trojans came.
To this fact Sarpedon alludes, E 478. -- S6.vOov: a river in Lykia, not
the Xanthos of the Troad.
We will recapitulate the leaders of the Trojans as we did those of the
Greeks (v. 785). They are as follows:
Hector (v. 816), Aeneas (v. 820), Archelochos, Akamas (v. 823), Pandaros (v. 827), Adrestos, Amphios (v. 830), Asios (v. 838), Hippothoos
(v. 840), Pylaios (v. 842), Akamas, Peiroos (v. 844), Euphemos (v. 846),
Pyraichmes (v. 848), Pylaimenes (v. 851), Odios, Epistrophos (v. 856),
Chromis, Ennomos (v. 858), Phorkys, Askanios (v. 862), Mesthles, Antiphos (864), Nastes (v. 867), Amphimachos (v. 871), Sarpedon, Glaukos
(v. 876), - twenty-seven chiefs in all.




BOOK THIRD.


lrfLfwpa   S ap a/uz  CEXepy? o0       60   e Uo t   catL adcorrats.
Gamma the single fight doth sing 'twixt Paris and the Spartan king.
1. For the connection, refer back to B 476, 8I5. — pyeoL6VEoo- [j'yE/oall]. -  IKCaToL: 'in separate divisions,' according to Nestor's advice
in B 362.
2. KXacyyTJ T' vorrn: 'with roar and cry;' the distinction between the
two nouns is that Ktayy74 denotes an inarticulate sound, while e'vor
(evherw) describes spoken words. But it is probable that the two words
are used here as nearly synonymous to express more strongly one idea
(cf. fdOvov ical Kppa, v. 6; see on B 352). -  tev: 'were marching.'
-   6pvLOE 'is: B 190 and 764.
3. iVirE rrep [Ao-rep]: the clause introduced by it does not prepare the
way for anything which follows, but is explanatory of UpYiOEs ws. -
ovpav0L irpo: lit. 'in front of the sky,' i.e. flying just below the vault of
the sky.
4. oev: 'so,' 'once for all.'-  5-yov: gnomic aor., see on A 218.
0&eroaTrov: 'unending.'
5. rrTOVTCa: the subject is really al se (v. 4); ral ye (not necessary to
sense) repeats this subject. — rrl pocolv: Eirl is occasionally used with
gen. of place whither. H. 641 a, adfin. For Okeanos, conceived as a
broad stream flowing around the world, see on A 413, and cf. IHon. Dict.
6. IIvyJLCaioLcrL: the 'Pygmies,' men a ruvysu (distance from the elbow to the knuckle-joint) in height, were fabled to dwell in the south, in
India and Egypt. Their land was yearly invaded by the cranes, with
which they waged desperate but ineffectual warfare.
7. i4EpLLL: 'at early morn.' --  rpo4epovTaL: lit. 'bring forth' (to
light), ' commence.'
8. oL 8i: antithesis to Tpces yue' (v. 2). -  'veca mrvd/ovres: see on B
536.
9.   E!,aai(TseS: see on B 8i8. --  &XXXoLo: for case, dat. of adv., G.
I84, 3, N. 3, H. 597.




ILIAD     III.


231


10. efr [Wcs]: adv. of comparison. -   Kopv+jori: local dat. -  KLTrXeuEv: gnomic aor. What is the Attic form of I aor. of x4e?
11.  iLC.'v.) (agrees with o/dXArv): 'better;' because in a fog the flock
is not shut up in the fold as it would be at night.
12. -6O-ov... Srov: '(only) so far as.'-T(e): without weight
in translation in either clause.
13. TlrO: with strong demonstrative force, 'of these.' --   rooa
[7roat]. --  KovtrooXos EXXis: 'thick dust-whirl;' for etymologies of both
words see Hom. Diet.
14. 8itrp7o1r'oov: for orig. meaning of irpfcrco [7rpdrTco], see on A 483.
15. &r' &XXiXOLcrL tdvTcEs: 'as they advanced against each other.' —
Irw8Colo: for gen. see on B 785.
16.  rpoiaXLYcv: ' played the combatant in the fore-front of battle.' --
OeoeLBis: 'of godlike beauty,' like apvpxowv, of externals only.
*17. -rapSaXEt!v (sc. Sopdv): 'leopard-skin.' -  Tr6a: pl., for the bow
consisted of three pieces (cf. A 45).
18. avTrap: scarcely differs here from Be, except that it is not postpositive (see on A 50). -   8ovpe Sv o: he held one in each hand. -  KeKOp)0p.va XaX.CK: lit. 'helmeted with bronze,' i.e. 'with point of bronze.'
19. 7rpoKaXOtEro: 'was challenging,' by mien rather than by words.
20. 8V' s oZv: 'and when then.'
21. &ap7.Xos: 'dear to Ares,' very common epithet of Menelaos, but
in this book only. Compounds of adjs. with the oblique case of a noun
are unusual. H. 473 b, adfin. --  rpowr.poiLev 6O(CXou [irpb 6btJAov].
22.  LaKpa& [p5Lvra: 'taking long strides,' like a valiant hero, explains
pxdLevov. -- ipaKp&: cognate acc. with Lrfi^vTa.
23. 'Ws TE.... ipi: 'as a lion rejoices.' The clause beginning
with &s does not close the period begun with:bs EvaOrev (v. 21), but
forms a second protasis (in the form of a comparison) to eXdpr- (v. 27),
" the principal verb of the entire sentence. -  airl... cvporas [ITfluxvS].
25. -yap: the greediness with which he devours shows his hunger.
- -et rep &v: followed here, after a primary tense, by subj. (cf. B 597.)
28. 60O.cXJ\otor'L: for this regular dat. of means, Homer often uses e'
Oq50aAhLzoan, see on A 587.
29. &XTro: for breathing, see on A 532. He sprang to the ground, for
Paris was on foot.
33. wraoXvopoos i&reo-l: ' recoiling steps away,' i.e. 'gives place in
terror.' The aor. is gnomic. Vergil, Aen. II, 379, has imitated the
phrase in the words trepidus refugit.
34. 6rwo: adv.; 'seizes his limbs below,' i.e. his knees tremble under
him.
35. ircappEs: in partitive apposition with fui. In the repetition of re,
which adds rapidity and vividness to the description, we have a case of
polysyndeton.




232


NOTES.


38. acor-pots: the meaning is active, 'injurious.'
39. Ao-irapL: 'cursed Paris.' — -cos &piO-TC: 'a hero in beauty
(and naught else).'
40. "'yovos: 'unborn.' Another rendering is, 'without children,' a
still more terrible imprecation to a Greek, who regarded the extinction
of a family as the greatest calamity. Paris, according to the Odyssey,
had no children by Helen.
41. KCLa KiE Tr povXoClirv: 'I could wish even this.' Supply ci a7rcAeo
as protasis of Ka' KE KeptLoV JEv.
42.  JLevaaL [elva,]: sc. as subj. o'. - -iGr6+,ov &\XXov; 'object of suspicion to (lit. ' of) others; ' cf. Lat. ceteris invisum. The genitive is subjective.
43. KapTn KOLo0Wv'rS: see on B  1.
44.   CLVTrES: ptc. represents ipf. tense and should be translated: 'who
said' (thought). -  &pio-'rTa: translate as subj. of u/AEva: 'that a hero
was (playing the part of) champion.'
45. Yir' [e7reo-rT]. —  p2r-C: local dat. — Ptl: ' might for attack;'
ciXKi: 'strength for defence.'
46. ^ T1oLOcrSe ev: 'did you, though such a coward?' 5, for which
we should expect.4, is interrogative adv. Distinguish: }: 'surely,' also
' he said' ipf. 3 sing. from u/s, ' say;' 0: 'or' (in second part of dependent double question A) or 'than.'
47. ayetpas: preliminary in time to hrrrXcas, to which it is subordinate: 'having sailed upon the sea after having collected.'
49. &arCrqs: 'remote.' See on A 274.
50. Notice the alliteration. -  8ilu.: 'nation.'
61. Xpj.pLa, KcLaT1+(ielv: appositives of the follg. sentence, of which the
most important word is a&vryes.
52. OVK &v 8'h IFECVELas: 'could you not then withstand?' The potential opt. used interrogatively is here equal to an imv., 'withstand then '
The two verbs a&Y'yes and,LelvfiaS, though grammatically independent of
each other, stand in thought in the relation of protasis and apodosis (see
on A 18, 20).
53. OVK &v XpaoLCc-J: the opt. would have been regular to correspond
with /tuye1(s (see on A I37).
56.  ': 'surely; ' supply as protasis ei S/ E aSeyoves Jorav, and see on
A 232.
57. roo-'o: 2 sing. plupf. from '^vv/ul.
59. "Ecrop,   rel....  veCKceas'-: /h 7irpq5pepe completes the sense.
60. &TELpis: pred. of Kpa&iri. -- rr&eKuS WIS: see on v. 2.
61. etiL: 'goes,' i.e. 'is driven,' equivalent to a passive verb after
which the gen. of the agent is in place.
62,r  s iCKTpvlTrLo [bs &tV KTiI-,pJ.. — o 4XL: sc. as subj. ireAecuS.
63. &TdpplTos: attributive, 'an unterrified 'mind.




ILIAD    III.


233


64. 'irp6epe: 'bring forward (as a reproach),' 'reproach with.'_
XpVa'els: i.e. 'resplendent,' for her temples more than those of other deities shone with golden gifts (see on A 6rI).
66. aeLrof: ' in person,' ' by their own act,' i.e. without request of the
receiver, who should, therefore, not be held responsible for them._
eK(V: 'by his own will,' of himself.'
68. K6Lcrov: 'bid sit down.'
70. &i+' 'EXevr Ka KfL KTraLCLu: 'for Helen and her treasure' (which
Paris had carried away with her). Two parties fight for the possession
of an object which lies between them. Hence is explained the transition
from the orig. meaning of aq)pi(s), 'on both sides of,' to the meaning,
'for,' 'in behalf of.'
71. Kpdica-WV yivl'Tra.: 'shall have proved himself the stronger;' amplifies the meaning of vyKoap. Cf. vv. 2, 6.
72. Ei rrvtra: 'all without exception,' 'all in due form.'
73. o' 8a' AXko: 'but do you, the others.' - Ta'dvres, KTx.: ptc.
joined by zeugma with two objects, though more appropriate to the second; translate t 'having concluded ('struck') friendship and having ratified-by-slaughter-of-victims (r-jAvw) sure oaths.'
74. VOXOLTE: opt. of wish, standing between two imvs. — Tol 8i, iKT.:
'but let them' (the Achaians).
75. "Apyos: used as in A 30 for Peloponnesus. — 'AXact8a: used
for Northern Greece.
76. &KOV'o-as: ptc. assigns the cause of cXdpn (cf. A 474).
77. piaoov [C'aov]: freq. used as ntr. substantive. --   &vepye [ayvepye]: 'was forcing back.'
78. iAcrooov: adj., translate: 'grasping his spear at the middle,' i.e.
holding it horizontally and using the shaft as the means of forcing back
the Trojans. --  Sp1'v0Throav: 'were brought to order.' We should translate ' took their seats,' were it not that this act is mentioned as first taking
place, v. 326.
79. Trc ("EKTzop): dat. after erir in composition. Translate (vv. 77, 80):
'but the long-haired Achaians were bending their bows at him, nor were
they only (re) aiming arrows, but were also (we) striving to hit him with
stones.' By a kind of zeugma T're'rotdovTro includes the actions described
more particularly by TTvua-.tic4evo and 'EBaXAov.  Had the construction
been perfectly regular, we might have had rLrvaK'LfRevot and BdAAovre1s..-Xero-o- [xdeo-r]: nom. sing xaas or xas [Xt0os]. G. 60, 5, I6, H. 202, Io.
81. IpaKp6v: lit. 'over a long distance.'
82   Agamemnon quickly comprehends Hector's purpose, and, in alarm
lest injury should be done him, cries, 'Hold (lit. restrain yourselves) 1
Argives; throw no more, Achaians.'
83. o'revraL: see on B 597.
84. ilvec Tr yivovro: 'became silent,' in expectation of word from
Hector (see on B 323).




234


NOTE S.


85.  o-roiUvwos: 'quickly,' adv. formed from pf. ptc. of aeuw, 'hasten.'
86. KEKX\rE: imv. redupl. 2 aor. followed by /jev as gen. of source.
G. I76, i, H. 582.
87. i60ov: lit. 'word,' i.e. ' proposal.'
88. Tpiras Kal. 'AXatLos: partitive appositives of X\Aovs, translate:
'others, both Trojans and Achaians.'
90. aCv'ov: as referring to the same person as the subject of KcecrATa
(or verb of similar signification, e.g. 'proposes,' to be supplied) might
have stood in nom. case, but, being coupled by Kai with MeveAaov, follows that word in case.
94. 4iLX6TnTa, SpKLc: accusatives of effect. G. I59, N. 3, H. 546.
Translate (freely): 'let us, the rest, conclude a league of friendship and
ratify a firm treaty.'
95. This verse occurs fifteen times in Hom. and is thus imitated by
Vergil: Aen. XI, 120, Diaxerat Aeneas, illi obstupuere silentes.
98.   AO6v: emphatic by its position. --   8LaKpLvilvEVCLa [-Kploeivat]: as
aor. inf. denotes the single act just commencing, ' are parting.'
99. 'Apyitous KCa   Tpaas [1uais cKai vtas]. —.rrrooa-'  [7rerovoaTe];
2 pl. 2 pf. from  7rdaXo, without connecting vowel, perh. for 7remrov6re.
Aristarchus read here, 7rerrao-e.
100. Translate: 'on account of my strife (with the Trojans) and the
beginning (of that strife) made by Alexander' (cf. Tro E'iviKa veUKos Spwpev,
v. 57).
101. OtLviTros Kal fiotpCp: Hom. fulness of expression (cf. vv. 2, 6).
102. TEOvaCTl: 'may he lie dead.' --  SiaKpLv0eTe: aor. piss. opt. expressing desire.
103. &tpv [&pve]: for this we find later (v. 117) &pvas. G. 60, 5. 4, H.
202, 2. --   oL'treT and &iEre: anomalous aor. imvs. formed from stems ola-,
a&- (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 20, 4).
104. y   re KCal ieXtL: it was the black ewe-lamb which was sacred to
the earth.    oltro.ev: fut. indic.
105. Pitlv IIpLci.ol: 'mighty Priam' (cf. B 387; cf. also Vergil, Aen.
IV, 133, odora cansmz vis). -   gpxKa 'rd.vJ aTros: ' be present in person
to conclude the treaty;' it is Agamemnon, not Priam, who actually slays
the victims (vv. 273, 292).
106. aCur6s: lit. 'in person,' refers to Btra' npltpdJOLO as if it were tKparepbv nplabLov. -  With pl. 7ra7es, which here refers chiefly to Paris, we
may perhaps compare aIXue7rc wv (v. 49), which refers chiefly to Agamemnon.
108. 8': this verse gives a second reason for bringing Priam. Besides
the arrogance and faithlessness of Paris, 'young men's minds are flighty.'
109. ots [ols &v]: sc., as antecedent, rovroir, a dat. of adv. with xAEvaai.
110.  AET' &cl(OTipOLcrL: ' among them both,' i.e. for the old man and
for those whom he counsels.




ILIAD     III.


235


112. 1rv'aaacLoL: varia lectia 7ravacea-Ot, which would be natural after
a verb of 'hoping' (of. v. 28). The aor. inf. refers to a single event.
wro0Xeo0o: for gen., G. I74, H. 580.
113. gpvcav: epv'Kco properly means 'hold,''detain.' As joined here
with prepositional phrase implying motion, we may translate: ' drove into
rows and held them there.' -  (Ke 'irrwv) 3Rav: ' descended from their
chariots.' Notice that 7r'iro is freq. used in Horn. in the sense of ap/a,
cf. B 770.
115. rNXnio- ov &XXM'Xov: ' near one another,' i.e. one suit of armor lay
near another. -  &a4cs: 'on both sides,' i.e. between the suits of armor
as they lay on the ground.
116. T... T: see on vv. 34, 35.
117. TaX0i3Los: Agamemnon's herald, already mentioned A 320.
120. oLo-ievaL: anomalous aor. inf., see on v. 103. -  oK &airlco-e:
takes the dat. like simple IreiOeafOO. Translate: 'and he, I assure you,
did not fail to obey illustrious Agamemnon.'
121. acd' [aTre]. Iris's proper office is to execute the commissions of
the gods (B 786), but here she acts on her own impulse and brings before
our eyes Helen, the occasion and the prize of the single combat.
124. AaoSiCKqlV: should regularly be dat., as appositive of -yaAxy (v.
122), but the influence of the nearer eTXE prevails over that of the more
remote e5oofEdv7.
126. SZXCaKaL: lit. ' double-mantle,' so large that, like a shawl, it was
folded before being thrown upon the shoulders. -- iroMcs &aeXovs [IoAAovs &O\ovs]I
128. f0Ev [of, aU7'i]: not enclitic, because emphatic.
130. vViu4ra, [YV/u9pX]: the word (Lat. nympha) properly means 'bride,'
but is also used of a married woman who has not lost her youth and
beauty.
132. oT: its antecedent is of (v. I34). — t' XX4 XolorL 4Cpov: 'were
bringing war against one another.'
134.  aTrair [vTat]. 'arTai riy?: 'remain quiet' (see on v. 78 and B
255).
135. ao-rrCLo- KEKXLIlVvoL: 'leaning on their shields;' the ao-7r's, as it
rested upon the ground, came up to the breast of the warrior. The verse
gives us a picture of the Homeric warrior as he stands at rest.
138. rTW 8 KI VLK^ClOVTL [os se ICe vLrCO-p]: i.e. Ke is used with the ptc.
as it would be in the conditional relative clause to which it is equivalent.
-   KEKXT1r-n (more freq. in Horn. uncontracted -eai): fut. perf. of CKaA'w,
which in the pass. voice often has the general sense 'to be' (see on A 139,
B 260), but is never exactly equivalent to it.
140. &vSpobs rpoTrpolo: Helen is regarded as no longer the wife of
Menelaos (cf/ r 172). — AorTCS: i.e. Sparta. - - OKiOV: ie. Tyndareos
and Leda, who are thought of as still living, though Helen is also called
Aibs i yeyavWua (v. 199).




236


NOTES.


141. 60dvjcrL: a 'veil,' also called Kp$-jevYov and caAXtrpq, was worn
by (noble) women and maidens when they went out of the house or into
the presence of men.
14g. Eic OaXcL,.Loio: the OdAapuos was in the rear of the house.
144. This is the only passage in the Iliad where the attendants of a
noble lady are mentioned by name. Aithra has been mentioned, B
561. After Theseus became king of Athens, Aithra resided there, and
was put in charge of Helen when she was carried off on a certain occasion by Theseus. Kastor and Polydeukes rescued their sister, and brought
Aithra as her slave to Sparta, whence she seems to have accompanied
her to Troy. Of Klymene nothing more is known than that she came
from Sparta.
145. ZKaCLLcL rrvXcaL: the' Scaean gates' are the only ones which are
mentioned by name in Homer.
146. oL 8' ap.>+l IIpiaclov: 'but Priam and his suite;' the follg. names
stand on the same footing with those included in the phrase ol a&tpl npialov, and might have been in the nom. case.
149. 8TI.loy/povres: in apposition with subj. of elaro [~Yro], 'sat as
elders of the people,' i.e. occupied, in virtue of their function, this prominent place. The follg. episode (vv. 149-I60) illustrates, by its efect, the
power of Helen's beauty. As she approaches the tower, it so impresses
these old men that they declare that they cannot 'blame Trojans and
Achaians that they endure wars a long time for (to gain possession of)
such a woman.'
150. wroX4lolo: gen. of separation, 'from combat' (see on A I65).
151. TeTTr-yetEo-LV OLKdTES [fre'MLYv eiKdTES]: the comparison of the
cheery gossip and soft tones of the Trojan elders to the chirping of grasshoppers is not meant in a contemptuous spirit; the Greeks considered
this chirping an especially pleasant sound.
152. XcLpL6EidroCV: lit. 'lily-white' (Aeipiov, 'lily'); then, when the
epithet is transferred from things seen to things heard, 'delicate,' 'feeble.'
-   LEtoL [/ao-s].
153. TotoL: for construction, see on 8so7oye'povres, v. 149.
155. fJKaC: 'softly,' the admiration all the deeper because expressed in
hushed tones.
158. acviOs iOLKEV: as we say 'she is fearfully like.' *- LS twcaL: lit.
'into her face,' i.e. as one looks upon her face.
159. Kal cs: 'even thus,' 'despite that.' In this phrase, and after
oua(e), the adv. is printed with the circumflex accent (see on A 33).
160. 67rCo-o'or: 'for time to come.'
161.  icLaXEo'ocLTo +Xova  [tcaAfe'aro cpwviasas]: 'raised his voice and
called.'
162. iufeto: connect gen. with 7rdpoLte, 'before me.'
163.  811 [8ps]: see on A 56. --: the enclitic may be used more
than once. -  P-: 'in my eyes.' G. 184, 3, N. 5, H. 6oi.




ILIAD III.


237


166. Ls iovoivris: ' in order that you may call by name,' a second
final clause dependent, like q/pa ''3?! (v. I63), upon i'eu
167. 6'rts: predicate. Notice in the follg. dialogue that o8e is the
pron. constantly used in the question, o'"ros in the answer. Thus the distinction is observed that o5e refers to something not well known, of which
the description is to follow; UTOos, to something well known.
168. KEca:j: best taken as dat. of respect, the same construction as
in vv. 193, I94. 'Greater in the head' means that the head is the part
which attracts notice and marks the difference in size. We might translate freely: 'the head of others is loftier,' or 'others are superior in
stature.'
170. yEpapov; 'stately.' — p3ac-Lk: pred. appositive of avSpf, 'a
man who is a king.' Cf. B 474.
172. ai'L8otio'S TE Sev6s. 'object of reverence and dread.' Priam's
kind invitation to Helen to draw near reminds her of her unworthiness,
and suggests the first words of her reply (v. I72). The apparent hiatus
before ecKvp  and lengthened final syllable before  ewvds are explained
by an orig. F.
173. KCbKOS OacvaCTos: i.e. 'suicide.'
174. yvWcorois: here used in the sense of 'brothers.'
175. rraCsa: Helen's only child was Hermione (by Menelaos).6l.q\uKCnlv [6XAliKas]: ' companions,' abstract noun used instead of concrete.
176. 'T4 y(E): i.e. my wished-for death. - TO': [la rov'ro].
179. This was the favorite verse of Alexander the Great. — aLaorTpov:
in apposition with the follg. clause, Baor-Levs... Xps17rs. G. 137, N. 3,
H. 50I.
180. aiT(e): ' besides.' -  ' rror' ll-v y,: 'if it was really he I' Varia
lectio, 7Tro0r' fE'  Ye: 'yes, it was once he!'
183. {I pL vv: 'surely as I now see.'
184. ^&ST Kal: 'already once;' for Kac, see A 249. —  4-pvyClqv: see
on B 862.
187. l'rpcTro'ovro: 'were encamped.' --   Ira' X6)(s SayyapCoLo:
'along the banks of the Sangarios.' The Halys and the Sangarios were
the largest rivers in Asia Minor. Both empty into the Pontos Euxeinos,
thl Halys lying farther east.
183. 'Aitov~3 vLvrT6veLpa:: the Amazons are said to have lived east
of Greater Phrvgia on the banks of the Thermodon.
191. 8seiTpov: connect with ep'eve.
192. Tr6v8: expressed by prolepsis in the main sentence, so that 85e,
in the dependent clause, might have been omitted. See on A 536.
195. o': for dat., for which the poss. gen. would have been a near
equivalent, see G. 184, 3, N. 4, H. 597.
197. Eto-c: ' I liken,' probably for elK-ai-w (cexhos, icEdos).




238


NOTES.


200. at: ' in turn,' in contrast with Agamemnon (v. 178).
201. Kpavairs irrep ioOrTls: ' though very (7rep) rocky' (see on A I31).
203.  vrTCov ivSa: governs the ace. (rlyv), like 7rpoae'r) or irpocreer7rev.
205. 8$ep6 zroT' {iXvre: Before the expedition against Troy an effort
was made to secure the restoration of Helen by negotiation, and Odysseus and Menelaos were envoys.
206.  'yyEXi'qs [&yyeXos]: ' as an envoy,' best taken as nom. sing. masc.
in apposition with 'Ouvcroevs.
207. igCvlo-rcra, CiclOra: 'discharged the duties of host (e'vos) and
entertained.'  ELrvyLw is the word of more general meaning.
208. s8cLriv: see on B 299.
209. aypo0lLvo0LrLv: see on B 481.
211. &4lo 8' EtojlAvo, K7X.: The two nominatives - &up(w, 'OUSOvaos -
are to be explained by the principle of apposition of the whole with the
part.
213. Translate (vv. 213-215): 'Then indeed Menelaos spoke rapidly,
few words (but) with a very clear voice, since he did not use many words
nor missed the right word, though he was the younger.'
215. -yveL: occurs only here in the sense of yerea, 'age.'
216. avatCELE(v): opt. of repeated action in temporal clause. G. 233,
H. 760.
217. orTa-orK-E-v, tS-E-o-K-E-v: iterative forms for 'o'nd-, eev. -  KCaLT
X0ovbs 6lia.ra  w irqas: describes more minutely inral 5e TeoKe.
218. The thought in this verse is that Odysseus used no gesture in
speaking. --  vWp.a: ipf. from vwcLow.
220. 'You would have said that he was a sullen fellow or (lit. ' and')
simply a blockhead.'
221. Ei' (varia lectio 'eL): 2 aor. opt. from '77'u.
222. 9hre.a VwiSEr'-TL: the lengthened a before virpdeaaoo  indicates a
lost initial consonant, -in this case oa. Cf. vLrds and Engl. snow.
22{. SSe &yacTro-lp.0': 'did we so much wonder.'
226. rits T' &p': cf. A 8.
227. KE4)aX\iv: G. 60o, 1, H. 549 a.
228. TaviUTrrErXos: variously explained as 'long mantled,' i.e. 'with
flowing mantle,' or 'fine mantled,' i.e. 'with fine-woven mantle.'
229. Atas: 'Ajax' son of Telamon, brother of Teukros, from    the
island of Salamis (see on A I45).
230. Here Helen's eyes fall on Idomeneus, and though Priam had not
asked his name she goes on to speak of him, and of how Menelaos had
entertained him as he came to Sparta from Crete in days of old. In a
similar way, as her eyes run over the host, she is reminded of her own
brothers who had died in Sparta during her absence, without her knowledge.  For an admirable translation in English hexameters of this
beautiful passage (vv. 234-244), see Essay on Scanning, ~ 7.




ILIAD    Ill.


239


231. i-yep4oovraL: see on B 304.
235. yvocrlv: for opt. G. 226, 2 b, H. 722. -- KaC ': 'and also.'
238. T- ios IUCa -yevaro Iritnlp: lit. 'one (and the same) mother with
me (i.e. the same with my own mother) brought them forth;' i.e. 'the
same mother brought them forth who also brought me forth.' /la has
the same force that i auri1 would have, and governs dat. in the same way.
G. i86 and N. 2, H. 663 and a. This abbreviated comparison is called
in Latin comparatio cotmpendiaria (cf. A 163).
242. 8iEsLU6Es: 2 pf. ptc. from stem 8Fi. This stem reduplicated would
give 8sFLdres, in which the first e would be long by position. To retain
this long quantity of the first syllable after the disappearance of the F, e
was lengthened into ei (see on A 33). — & pLOC arvv: i.e. 'which lie upon
me.'
243. irovs KciT6eX(V cta ['yata eKcv7rTev auro6s]: lit. 'the earth was
holding them fast,' i.e. 'they lay buried beneath the earth.' Notice that
the common legend of the immortality of Kastor, and the mortality of
Polydeukes, is shown to be later than Homer by the poet's ignorance
of it as evinced in this passage.
244. aciL: 'there,' i.e. iv Aa'ealutovt. Notice the melodious close of
this verse.
245. Oev: gen. of possession; the gods referred to are Zeus, Helios,
Gaia. The narrative is here resumed from v. I20.
246. iW+pova: lit. 'gay-hearted,' 'cheery,' i.e. 'making glad the heart.'
For other epithets of wine, see Hom. Dict. olvos.
248. 'I8atos: for -as, see Essay on Scanning, ~ 5, 4.
249. wrLapLOrrl6evos: in order to 'stand by his side,' he had first to
climb the tower of the Scaean gates, for Priam was there (v. 149).
250. 6po-Eo: I aor. midd. with intermediate vowel of 2 aor. In ordinary prose we should expect a conjunction, perh. ydp, between Spoeo and
KaAeouva, 'summon;' the absence of the conjunction, asyndeton, adds
vivacity to the description. H. 854.
252. Tr&l!rTE: subjects are Priam, and &poa'roz Tpdowv Kal 'Axaiyv.
255. vlcK'arav'L: for use of ice with ptc. see on v 138.
256-258. These verses resemble closely vv 73-75. - ' rovrTo, vatCOiLEv:
these optatives expressive of a wish differ little from the future indicative; they are joined with zov'ram, which always has a fut. meaning.
259. PCylrlEv: 'started with fright,' at the thought of Paris's danger.
-  raCpoLs: for dat. see on B 50; the king is constantly attended by his
T-rapot, in the same way as Helen (v. 143) by her ai&pitroXot.
260. 6rpaJios lit. 'hurriedly' (orp&vw). There was need of haste,
for it was necessary to go to the palace for the chariot and return to the
Scaean gates.
261. KCarT-TivEv: 'drew in the reins,' i.e. after untying them from the
&vrvu or rim of the chariot, to which they were made fast while the chariot was at rest (see Hom. Dict. cut Io).




240


NOTES.


262.  rmp 8e o': ' and by his side.'
263. VXov: 'were guiding.'
265. i 'iwrrrov == e oX'wov, see on v. I I3, cr B 770.
266. io'rLXOwvTO: 'they strode.'
267. W$pvuro 8' OaVT'IK' lreiTa: 'and then straightway uprose,' i.e. to bid
them courteous welcome.
268. KTipVKEs... oivayov: 'the heralds were bringing together the
trusty pledges of the gods,' i.e. the heralds, Greek and Trojan, were
bringing forward from their respective sides the victims destined for sacrifice.
270.   Coryov: 'were mingling the wine,' i.e. were pouring into a common receptacle the wine which both parties had brought for a common
purpose.-     p3ao-XEwaOL: ' leaders,' 'nobles,' of both Greeks and Trojans.
This libation might not be poured with unwashen hands.
271.   iXaLxpav: 'his (force of midd. voice in ptc.) sacrificial knife.'
For representation of /,dxalpa, see Hom. Dict. cut 89.
272. o[l: dat. of adv. limiting &wpro instead of poss. gen. limiting lq'os.
G. I84, 3, N. 4. H. 597. Translate ol &wpro, lit. 'hung for him.' &wpro
[p7To]: 2 plupf pass. from acipw [ai'pw]. The stem is aEp-; this would
give in plupf. by reg. change of stem fjopro, and metalh/esis qfantitatis gives
us o&wro. -    aiev [aelI: 'always,' for, as commander-in-chief, the regular
exercise of priestly functions belonged to Agamemnon.
274. vet.av (3 pl. I aor. from veuw): distribution was made of the
hair of the victim's head after it had been solemnly cut off, to each of the
nobles, that they might each have a token of their participation in the
sacrifice, and of obligation to help fulfil the agreement.
275. peyXa a: see on A 450. For attitude in prayer, see Hom. Dict.
cut 14; cf. also ad caelzum cum vace manses tendgoqe supinas, Vergil, Aen.
III, 176.
276. ZeO arr Tep: invocation similar to B 412. The summits of lofty
mountains were specially sacred to Zeus, as the Greek Church to-day
consecrates them to Elijah ("AyLos'HaXas). In addressing Zeus, accordingly, Agamemnon calls on the deity presiding over the region.
277. ieWLos: as the sun daily traversed the earth from east to west,
he would be witness of all violations of plighted faith.
278. iroTarLoC: 'rivers'of the Trojan plain.-  yata: the goddess
'Gaia,' 'Earth.'  ot rCvva-ov: 'ye who punish,' i.e. the two chief deities of the lower world, Hades and Persephone.
279. 8'LS K' IrtiopKoV 6.6o'ori [~s &y eTropt? v1].
283. ve6wiEOa: the i pi. of hortative subjunctive takes the place of the
imv.,which lacks this form. ve6dLEOa is exactly parallel to eX&ew (v. 282).
285. TpGoas... &'ro8oOvac: see on B 413.
286. Iv jrTva OILKEV: repeat a7roTrive1ev.
289. OVK ie0oXacr: ' if they shall refuse,' si recusabunt. obtK forms one
idea with the verb; otherwise ph1 must have stood, not OiK.




ILIAD III.


241


291. 'rXos ooXMIoLo: i.e. victory and the destruction of Troy (cf. B
122). -  KLXCa: for form see on A 26: for mood, G. 239, 2, H. 760 a.
292.  irob... TrLe: ' cut off,' i.e. severed the upper part of the gullet
from the lower. --  XaXK- =, aXaaipy (v. 27 ).
291. Ovuo) SEvojJvovs: 'bereft of life,' explains a&rTraipovras.
295. olvov.... KXCOV: 'but they were drawing off wine (with the
7rp.Xoos) from the mixing bowl into the cups (8E7rdeauo-) and were pouring
it out.' The libations were poured upon the ground separately from each
cup as it was filled. See on A 471.
299. virrp 8pKLia rnl'ivEcLaV: 'work mischief by violating the oaths.'
The opt. in the conditional relative sentence might lead us to expect &v
pEot instead of the opt. of wish without &v.
300. or4'(l): for dat. of disadv. see on v. 272. — Cs 68e olvos: for
similar symbolical actions, cf. Livy i. 24; Exodus xxi. 6.
301. arct6v KaL T6EKiWV: poss. gen. instead of dat. like r0i (v, 300). —
LXoXoL 8' 6X\XOLrL $84LeLEv: for more explicit statement, see B 355. &AAoLro is dat. of agent.
302. This verse closely resembles B 419. -- &pa: see on B 36.
303. AapSav8lqs: Priam was sixth in descent from Dardanos. The
royal line ran thus: Dardanos, Erichthonios, Tros, Ilos, Laomedon, Priamos.
306. The passage beginning with this verse (vv. 302-326) will be found
at the commencement of the book in facsimile from Codex Venetus. -
o  ro ro [o 7rws]: zullo modo. -- TX?\rotcLL: 'shall I have the heart.' --   v
6t4c9aolo-LL: see on v. 28.
307. MevyXts: for dat. G. I86, N. I, H. 602, I.
308. ZEivs R&v [IY'j',,,Tr.: This verse is a pious expression of Priam's
willingness to leave all things with Zeus as the all-wise. The relation of
Zeus to the other Olympian deities, as the superior of them all, is indicated in the phrase Zevs Te Kcal aOdvaTroL O0ol &\tor.
309. OavvToLo T iEXos: periphrasis for OdvaTos. -  -r~rpo)iV0V aGrrt(
[7rerpwCrai].
310. is 8iCpov ipvas OTro: the dead lambs were carried back to Troy
for burial, for the flesh of victims slain in ratifying an oath was not eaten,
but buried or cast into the sea.
312. Pio-iro: for form see on A 428.
315. SLE8i}rpEov: ' were measuring across,' i.e. from side to side.
316. -rr6XXov: 'were shaking them,' so that all knowledge of the position in the helmet might be lost. In v. 324, WrdAhh  means 'was shaking,'
until the lot should fly forth from the helmet.
317. 4,eCil (2 aor. opt. from a&qp-u): opt. explained on the principle
of the oratio obliqua; it stands here as indirect question.
318. Xaol 8' Apqo-avro: ' and the people offered their prayer.' What
the prayer was, is more particularly described in the four verses begin



242


NOTES.


ning with v. 319. The people continued praying during the preparations
and while Hector was shaking the helmet.
319. Trs: 'many a one' (see on B 271).
321. TSiE )'pya ATp.El"T'.0TipOLCrLv f0'qKcv: 'has occasioned these doings
(i.e. this war) between both parties.' Both sides agree in recognizing the
guilt of Paris and in wishing his death.
325. &l 6pojwv: each chief had scratched his mark upon a lot (icA7povs,
v. 316), and Hector turned his face away that he might not appear to favor his brother.
326. ttlOVo: here, for the first time, the sitting-down of both hosts is
mentioned, though they had long since dismounted from their chariots
and laid down their armor (cf. vv. 78, II3).
327. 'KETOO: extended by zeugma to apply to trkroL, though appropriate only to apfjara. The natural verb with i'ortr would be 'i-Tarvo.
328. &atL'   1iroLWoL: 'about their shoulders;' cuirass, sword, and
shield could be said to be a&/,' &4uotor. The sword was suspended from
the shoulders by a strap, FeAaxetv.  The combatants had previously
(v. 114) taken off their armor.
330. This and the seven following vv. are interesting as a description
of the process of arraying the Hon. chief in armor. See Hom. Dict. for
pictorial representations of each article of armor named.
332, 333. Paris had appeared on the battle field in light armor;
hence it was necessary for him to borrow his brother's cuirass. -  jpLooa-e
8' a'rT: 'but it fitted himself.' For process of adjusting cuirass, see
Horn. Dict. cut 59.
334. apyvp&rlXov: epithet applying only to the hilt; XdxAcov, to the
entire sword.
338. tyXos: two spears seem to have belonged to the complete equipment of the warrior (cf v. I8). -  ol ITaX^iL7LV [arcs 7raxd/arLs]: for the
two datives, standing in relation of whole and part, see on A 150.
339. Cs 8 a-Tros: 'and in the same way.' 'Aav'rws is adv. formed directly, with changed accent, from 6 alrTs (see on A 133).
340. &K&rTp9ev: lit. 'from each side.'
341. Tpwv Ka'LAAXcLLv: best explained as gen. of place, limiting?s
Lea-(o-)ov after the analogy of the gen. with adverbs of place. G. I82, 2,
H. 589.
342. xeV: 'was holding,' the amazement was prolonged.
344. Kca p' e-yys rrAiTnlv: 'and then the two drew near.'-   KOTiOVwE:
subordinate to a-lov're, ' shaking their spears in rage at each other.'
347. P6Xev KLT' &a'-rC8a, TA-x.: 'struck full in the midst of Atreides's
round shield.' j8daAAx takes the acc., not the gen., of the object hit.
348. 8i ot aitxpI: 'but its point.' For dat. of (referring to XaAKos),
see G. z84, 3, N. 4, H. 597.
349. &pvVTO XaoXK4 (dat. of accompaniment): 'raised himself with his




ILIAD    III.


243


spear,' i.e. drew himself up to his full stature for a stronger thrust downward and forward.
350.  ireuvCpLevos: 'uttering a prayer besides' (e'd).
351. &va: for accent, H. 158 D, c. — 8: article used as relative, its
antecedent omitted (cf. A 230). -- ILe irporEpos KOIK' op-y: ' was the first
to work me harm.' eopye: 2 perf. from pe'w (stem Fepy-).
352. 8iov: implies illustrious birth and beauty, but has no necessary
reference to character.
353. TLS: 'many a one.' --  ppCylro-L: 3 sing. pf. subj. from )Aye'w; for
form, G. I19, 12, d, II. 361 D.
354. irrapacX.j: subj. in conditional relative sentence.  ' Key [5s &]v
vaparXy == 'cLv Trs TrapaaXy.
355. &lw7reiracX\v: redupl. 2 aor. from ava-7rdAAw.
357. S8LL.e'v: the lengthening of the first syllable of Bad is necessary to
make a dactyl. Such a verse as this is called acephalous.
358. p1jpipELTO [epipeiaTro]: lit.'had leaned against;' here, 'had forced
itself.'
359. &vrTiKpV ircapa: 'right on past. -- Si.lay  (r-aydacw): 'cut (lit.
'mowed') through.'
362. &vaTxrX6evos: 'having raised himself,' to strike with greater
force (cf. v. 349).-  One object of the cpdXos, the 'crest' or 'ridge ' of
the helmet, was to make blows glance harmlessly off. For illustration,
see Hom. Dict., cuts 20, I28. --  &[a.  O.cVTr: i.e. a{&pl ry d\aAw.
363. SLaTpvu4iv (2 aor. pass. ptc. from m-a-0pmrrwT): agrees with %'yXos.
-     TpLXOa TE Kit TrTpcX0d: for idiom, see on B 303.
365. Such an exclamation of vexation and disappointment does not
imply, in the Homeric hero, profanity or disrespect toward the gods.
366. TCioao9aL: for meaning of aor. inf. see on v. 112. Translate,
with -7) ' qdqa/ovy: 'and verily I believed that I was sure to take vengeance on Alexander for the injury to me.'
367. &tly [eady7]: 2 aor. pass. from  &yvuvtt. In luoL, twice used, we
have the common use of dat. (of disadv.) limiting the verb, instead of a
poss. gen. limiting the noun (see on v. 338). ---  K: join with 7l7X.368. Translate this verse: 'flew (lit. 'leaped') from my hands a useless thing: nor did I strike him,' i.e. I only hit his shield and cut through
his cuirass. --  aL'oXaJTrlv   [7raXa.cwvl].
369. ij: see on A 219. -.ratl'as X4eCv: 'sprang upon and laid hold
of him (sc. avrdv) by the helmet (KdpuvOo).'
370.  arLro-rpa+s AXKe: 'turned over and was dragging.'
372. 6XEvs TeraTro TpvLaXelCs:  ' was stretched as a helmet-strap' (lit.
'holder ').
373. ypaeo: I aor. from  pvvyLua (see on A 159).
374. el pI Lp' 6ov vdo'e: 'unless at just that moment (&pa) had sharply discerned.'




244


NOTES.


375. pods: ' ox-hide.'  Here the word Bods, by a kind of zeugma,
means 'ox' with reference to Krapevoio, and 'ox-hide ' with reference to,udvTa. Translate: 'the strap of the hide of an ox slain by violence.'
376. KELtVY [LKev]L: 'empty.' -  a.' 'rlreTO: 'followed close after,' i.e.
being empty, made no resistance.
380.  'YXE'i XoY.\KXis: i.e. with his second lance, for, like Paris (v. IS),
he had two spears, one of which (v. 355) he had already hurled.
381. pEia. p!X': 'very easily.'
383. KaMXouv"': probably fut. ptc., G. 120, 2, H. 374, I. -- ' [pjei].
385. Translate: 'and she laid hold of and plucked with the hand her
fragrant garment.'-  avoi: connect, as gen. of part taken hold of, with
Aaov~ra.
386. p.iv: for constr., see on B 22.
387. vaLETOdo'rr: join with ol [airj], dat. of adv. with gofrClv (ipf.
from aa-Kew). v movable is sometimes appended to the contracted form
of 3 sing. ipf. (cf. A 436).
388. iLV: i.e. 'yp7vv.
391. KEtVO3 05 y': 'there he is.' KeZvos is translated as if it were eKES.
-   8LVWo0i;o  (Svo'w, 'turn'): lit. 'rounded' or 'turned,' properly of posts
and bars of a bedstead, then applied, with perhaps the more general
meaning 'polished,' to the bedstead as a whole.
393. Note the difference in meaning between the aor. e'AOETv and the
presents 'pXEo~aL, KaOel'Cv.
394. Xopoio: for gen. of separation after Ax^yova, see on A 224.
395. Trf: for dat. see on B I42. -- V06v: 'wrath,' 'indignation.'
396. Kal  ' pcs: 'and so when.' -- vo6TrE: 'she observed,' the women
about her (cf. v. 420) only saw the ypl'bs nraXAaievrs (v. 386).
397.  rEpLKcaXXEM SELpyV orTjiE9. 0' LiLEpo'evra Ka1 f.TcL.ara  Jcap. ajpovro:
'beauteous neck, lovely breasts, and sparkling eyes.' These characteristic marks the goddess allowed to show through her disguise. Cf. Vergil, Aen. I, 402, Dixit et avertens rosea cervice refulsit.
398. 04L Laroev: 'amazement seized her.' --  iros ' '  4  )aT' vK T l' ovPe:
see on A 361.
400. i: see on v. 46. The particle of asseveration here, as often,
stands in an interrogative sentence. -  -roXCwv [7rAewov]: best connected
as gen. partitive with adv. 7ry. - npoTipco: here local, 'farther away,'
i.e. farther from Sparta.
401. ',puryas: gen. limits 7roXiwv. It may be considered either as
partitive or possessive gen.
402. Kat Kic0iL: 'there also,' as Paris is now your favorite at Troy. —
eporwov: see on A 250.
403. 8 ': 'forsooth.' --   ov: see on v. 352.
404. 190EiL: 'is resolved.'
405.  rcapEo'rTs: 'didst thou come hither and art standing by,' see on
A 6, I97.




ILIAD  III.


245


406. 'Go and sit by him and withdraw from the path of the gods ' i.e.
give up thy place among the gods.
409. rroLrjorETa: subj. with shortened mood-sign. Sketch of Dialect,
~ I7, G. 239, 2, H. 760 a, 877, 7.
410. VecJE —crp-dV: 'blameworthy,' because, by the result of the combat, Helen belongs to Menelaos.
412. d'KpLTa: lit. ' undistinguished,' i.e. 'countless,' 'endless.' Helen's
expressions of penitence and self-abhorrence are frequent (cf. Z 344 follg.).
414. -'XEITXC' (Xecw): 'stubborn,' 'self-willed one.'
415. a&reXO'pw: aor. subj. from &ar-EXOaipw.
416. ipro'o' 8' aloPf'pcov: 'and between both' (peoples); for gen.
see on v. 34I and G. I82, 2, H. 589. - LTITCITroIaLL: see on v. 409.
417. 6XMlat (2 aor. subj. midd. from o'Avbuz) [Opl]: the subj. is potential (see on A 137) -  otrov: cognate ace., G. I59, H. 547 b.
419. KaTaro-XoievI: lit. 'having held (drawn) down (over her head),'
'having veiled herself with' (see on v. 141).
420. ipXe    Soaipov: the meaning is, 'for a deity led the way.'
422. &JlJ4roXoL: mentioned by name in v. 143.
424. Tr: join with Kare0-7Kce: 'placed for her.'
425. 'AXsEivSpoLo: for gen. with adv. of place, see G. I82, 2, H. 589.
427. 6 <r o- iraXLV KXCvac-a: oraczis aversis.
428. 1Xvues, KTA.: indignant exclamation, like our, 'Ahl there you
are I back from the combat!'
429. 8saues: 'having succumbed to.'
431. 4prTEpos: 'superior.' -  3C: dat. of respect.
432. -rpoKXecraoit: 'call forth against yourself,' ' challenge.'
434. crais(o-9a: the gen. roXAe/ou, or the supplementary ptc. 7roAXlFiiSv,
may be supplied.
436. Taia: 'speedily;' this word has never in Hom. the meaning
common in Attic, 'perhaps.'-  Soupt [8dpaTr: connect with viro.
437. tiOo0o-t: join with 7rpooeeLrev.
438..IE.. Ov[pov: see on A 150, 362; cf. also v. 442.
439. crvv 'AO'jvej: 'by Athena's help,' i.e. the credit is not his own.
440. plitv: i.e. Paris and the Trojans. The indolent and cowardly
always expect another time when they shall show industry and courage.
441. Tpare~CopLEv [rap7rcjuYev]: 2 aor. subj. pass. from 'r'prto. Sketch of
Dialect, ~ 23, R.
442. &aJsEKCdXV1E: ' enveloped,' ' encompassed' --  8: antecedent
to cs (v. 446).
445. Kpav&a: the adj. iKpavaos means 'rocky.' It is used as an epithet
of Ithaka (v. 201). The ancient prehistoric rock-city at Athens (southwest of the Acropolis) was called Kranaa.  Pausanias identifies, as the
first stopping-place of Helen and Paris, a little island between Sounion
and Keos; Strabo, an island off Gytheion, the seaport of Sparta.




246


NOTE S.


446. For distinction between a-r'pyw, "Epa/aL, ptie'w, see Dictionaries.
447. Helen is the counterpart of Paris, with the same weaknesses.
Like him, she can see the right and deplore the wrong; and yet -though
she has, in words of bitterest reproach, just painted Paris's character as
coward and seducer and has declared that, now that he has been conquered
by Menelaos, it would be a shame to go to him (v. 40) -she does not
resist his allurements, and at the last follows him not unwillingly (v. 447).
And thus, before ever Pandaros's arrow had wounded Menelaos (A 205
follg.), the two original causes of the war, Helen and Paris, had broken
the compact (cf. vv. 7I, 72).
449. av' 6pIXov: sc. TpcSwv.
453. ob... E. KeVOavov: the positive denial includes the qualified denial OVK &v KEvOdvoLEV, which would form the regular conclusion to EY -s
Boinro.
2'0 LrO.
454. or4(v: for dat. G. I84, 2, H. 595 b. -- trov KIpl.eXLaCvn: 'like
black death.' Cf, with the expression K-Opl eXAavp, Horace's afra cura.
456. TpOEs Kal. ACdpsavoL i18' ErCKovpoL: see on B 8i6.
457. 4aCveTraL (sc. ora): 'appears to be (and is).'-  MevEXaov: pred.
gen. of possession.
459. &aroTLvElAev: inf. coupled with imv. &COTre, without any sensible
difference of signification. Cf A 20, where the inf. used as imv. immediately follows an opt.
460 = 287.
461. irrl... jVEOV: 'shouted assent,' while the Trojans admitted by
their silence the justice of Menelaos's demand. Cf. erevorj4utaav, A 22.




BOOK FOURTH.


AETa, Oecwv aEyoprj, OpKCro       Xv'c, apeo? apxrl.
In Delta is the Gods' Assize; the Truce is broke; Warsfreshly rise.
1. The gods have been witnesses of the entire combat between Paris
and Menelaos, and now, after Greeks and Trojans have pronounced upon
the result (r 455-461), it is natural to await their verdict. It is to decide
upon this that they hold an assembly (vv. I-85). —  op6wvTo [E'KXA^-qTLdCovWo]: ipf. 3 pl. from ayopao/uaL; for explanation of the assimilated form,
see Sketch of Dialect, i8, I.
2. ScarLsu: 'on the floor,' i.e. of the houses which "Haso-Tos wrofioer
isvupyaL 7rpar'earso, A 608.
3.   pvox&oL: 'was pouring;' for change from original meaning, see
on A 598; for form, see H. 312 D. -XpuodoLs: whatever belongs to the
gods, for wear or use, is freq. represented as of precious metal (cf. Xpvvey, v. 2). See on A 6 I.
4. SE8ICXT' [aeaerye'YvoL {rav]: lit. 'pointed,' here 'pledged one another.'
6. KEpTroPLCOS: 'sharp-cutting;' it seems to contain the roots of both
Keipw and r4evwW.- -rapac3A8iStqv: 'covertly,' 'maliciously.' The noun
irapafoXA (Engl. 'parable') means 'comparison;' hence the adv. comes
to mean 'by way of invidious comparison.'
7. SoLal v-: the correlative is found at Tr 8' acTe (v. IO).
8. 'ApyE~Cq: 'Argive,' for Argos was a chief seat of the worship of
Hera. — 'AXaXKOicEvqtS: either proper adj. from the town Alalkomenai
in Boeotia, where Athena was especially honored, or descriptive epithet
derived from root axK-, lit. 'warding off,' 'protecting.'
9. etl-opocX-acL T-prFEOeov: 'took delight in beholding;' for use of
ptc., G. 277, 2, H. 789 c.; for form elcopewaat, G. 120, I b, H. 370 D, a.
See also Sketch of Dialect, ~ x8, I.
10. Tr: easily understood as standing for Paris, though he has not
been mentioned, in this book, by name. --  +Xoplt8ris: ie. pAto-(o-)gee



248


NOTES.


8its, cf. with /Aetd8iw, Engl. 'smile,' and notice the same interchange of d
and I which may be recognized in 8dKpvov, lacrima.
11. 'raop-pJlXPoKIE: 'stands by his (y-r) side;' for apocope of 7rapd,
G. 12, N. 3, H. 73 D.; for form ufASwKate, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 7, 3.
-   avTov: a more common construction is Ti -LVi alvuveiv (see on A 67).
12. KCl vv: one case of the habitual practice referred to in acei, v. II.
14. 6rrws crratL Tre 'S pya: i.e. ' what the result of the combat shall be.'
15. ^...  [vrorepov... ]: dependent double question; the subjunctive is dubitative.
17. Et 8' ca srrs: ' but if on the other hand by any means.' This is
an alternative which Zeus neither expects nor desires, for it is inconsistent with his promise to Thetis, A 509, 523, 558. —   roe: i.e. L>dTrrflra
RaAE7v.
18. otKieoTo: opt. of desire, as is also &yoLro in follg. verse. Pronounce
KE OL as one syllable by synizesis.
20. err-eIvlav: vfi 'w lit. means 'utter the syllable /Av-.' This might
express various feelings; here, indignation at the last part of Zeus's
proposal.
23. ntpEL: descriptive ipf., 'was seizing her,' with increasing power.
24. "Hp: dat. of interest limiting 'XaBe (2 aor. from XavwadWv) instead
of gen. of possession limiting o-Thos.
25 =   A 552.
27. ov: on account of orig. initial F in 'Spwoaa. -  IoL: see on v. 24.
28. KCLKC: 'to the ruin of,' appositive of Aaov. Cf r 50.
30 = A 517.
31. 8aiqovCTi: see on A 561.
35. "cjbv pEpp6OoLS (from BiLSpo'Kw): the expression 'eat raw,' 'eat
alive,' seems to have been in common use in Greek in such connection as
here. Cf. Xen. Anab. IV. viii. I4.
37. i'ptov: from the stem Epy- or P7e- two presents - Ep8o, fi'w- are
formed.
39 =   A 297.
40. Iejacss: connect with 0AeAwc, 'desire eagerly.'
41.?rjv: placed after its noun, that it may stand nearer the rel. adv.
iSi [o[], of which it is the antecedent.
42. SLaTrplpew, l&oar: infs. used as imvs., see on A 20.
43. 8onjK: 'have conceded to you,' used absolutely. --   &KV aiKovTr
ye Ovlpc: 'voluntarily, yet with reluctant mind.'  An expression that
seems to contradict itself like this is called oxymoron or paradox (o6
and,utpov: lit. 'pointedly foolish'). We have an example in Acts xxviii.
21: 'to have gained this harm and loss.'
44. aC, KTX.: the relative clause precedes the antecedent, which last
is found in v. 46.
45. vaier ouo': lit. ' dwell,' i.e. are situated. 7rdhXres stands as subj.
by a strong personification. The meaning really is: 'are dwelt in.'




ILIAD IV.


249


46. rdV v: gen. of the whole. The partitive word is "'IAIs, the name
of one city. -- arep KqcpC: rept is adv. 'exceedingly,' and Ktpt is local
dat.
47. iip.Lp~XCco: the ending of the gen. sing. w, a contraction of ao,
occurs after vowels. G. 39, 3, H. 136 D, b. 3.
48. Cf A 468. The latter part of the line (what follows the caesura)
is identical in both verses. The wants of the gods are thought of as
precisely the same as those of men.
50 -   A 55I.
54. r&wov [r'av]: governed by irpdato' loraLa == Irpoiracya == 7poraordT7s
etLa. -   With FeyCyCpOB, 8awrepora may be supplied.
55. oiK ELt: translate ' refuse to permit.' For OVK in protasis, cf. oUK
J0AeW~o', r 289.
57. OK &aTr&Xfrov: cf. v. 26 follg.
59. wrpeopVwraTTnv: has double signif.,' oldest' and 'most dignified,' as
explained in follg. verse.
61. KCKXqipac: for signif., see on r 138. -- o-... &aviao-Es: an instance of parataxis. We should naturally use a rel. clause, 'who art
ruler among all the immortals.' See A 5.
64. 0&<oov: 'right quickly,' an example of the absolute use of the
comparative.
67. dptworC v irpdrepoL: ' be the first to begin,' a pleonasm. -  A6r~p
pKiLa: see on r 299.
70. p.erT: for meaning with acc., see on A 222.
73. wapos p.uavlav: 'already eager,' for she had expressed in v. 20
her unwillingness that the war should stop with the victory of Menelaos.
74 =      B 67.
75. otov [)s]: adv. 'as.' -   JKe: gnomic aor., see on A 218, r 4.
&aTrpcL: i.e. ' meteor.'
77. &ro: join with revTai and translate: 'stream forth from it (Tro).'
78. Athena is likened to the falling star in radiance and swiftness;
arrived on earth, she begins at once to execute that of which her appearance was the sign ('r-pas). Cf v. 86.
79, 80 = r 342, 343.
84. avOp4rrov: gen. depends upon neither raclris nor vroX4loLo taken
separately, but upon the compound idea of both together (see on B 145).
87. A0aoSKa: sons of Antenor have been mentioned, B 822, r I23.
88. IIavSpov; cf. B 827. — S tiopwi [~nTrova-a].
90. &a)IL  8 LLv w: sc. eo7rToaav.
91. AL^iroo: f. B 825.
93. Crotoo: opt. in potential use, would be joined in prose with &v.
It implies a protasis of which Tra[t7s KeY is apodosis. Translate: 'would
you obey me? (if you would obey) you would have the courage,' etc.
(c. r 52).




250


NOTES.


94. W, mpo,4v [e'rnrpoerva]: 2 aor. inf. from 9vrrpofrtM. Distinguish
ibs, 'arrow;' os, '   one;' ov, ' violet.'
95. Tpo,'rL: 'in the sight of the Trojans;' for dat. (loosely connected with whole sentence), G. 184, 5, H. 6o0. - dpoLo: see on A 159.
97. 'rot [o3]: gen. governed by rap', which would have been written,rdpa had it not suffered elision (cf. A 350). The caesura in this verse
after,ray.rp'wra, which separates 7rap' from its case, may be compared
with that in B 30, where the caesura comes between a&u/p(s) and cppd(ovTaL.
98. ap^lov [L&peov]: the Attic form occurs v. 407.
99.  rvupfs: for gen. after the prep. in composition, see G. 177, H. 583.
100. 6oaro'v-ov: 'direct thine arrow at,' governs the gen. as a verb of
aiming.
102. irpworoydvwv: 'firstling,' i.e. earliest born (in the spring) and so
the oldest.
103. voo-ar-cas: 'after thy return.' -  ZTIXECcs: cf. B 824.
105. Eo-rXa: 'was stripping (of its cover),' 'was laying bare.' -- alys:
gen. of material.
106. 6v: construe with j3etBXKet, for rvxxias [TrvuXv] would require
gen. Translate: 'which once on a time he himself had fairly smitten
under the breast.' He was lying in wait below the mountain goat (chamois), which he shot as it peered down at him from a ledge of rock.
109. Kipa: final a (regularly long by contraction) here loses half its
quantity before the initial vowel of the next word. -  icKKcL8EKcaScopa:
'of sixteen palms,' i.e. in span from tip to tip.
110. This verse may be compared with B 827. The fact that the bow
was Apollo's gift to Pandaros is not inconsistent with its manufacture by
human hands. -- 4aoKlaOas: 'skilfully.' -- _ pape: 'fitted together (the
two horns).'
111. Kopwvqv: the 'tip' over which the loop of the bowstring was
carried.
112. Kalt..   4 yKXCvcL: 'and when he had strung it, by leaning
his weight upon it while one end rested upon the ground (&cyK[las vrot?yaip ), he laid it carefully down.'
113. The shields were interposed that the Greeks might not see what
was preparing.
114. rrpiv... -rpLv: see on A 97, cf. B 354.
115. PXfioe8a0: 2 aor. without intermediate vowel, cf. ieC8a, A 23.
116. 4apiTpls: connect as gen. of separation with ar6Xa [EorAa].
117.   plL' 68vvcov: see Hom. Dict. for what appears the most reasonable explanation of the phrase, lit. 'series of pangs,' i.e. 'carrying with it
a long succession of pains.'
118. KOTEK6dOp.!: 'was adjusting.'
119-121 = vv. Io1-1o3.




ILIAD IV.


251


123. Tr6gcp 8 cr-Stpov (sc. 7rXao-ev): i.e. he drew the arrow back until
its iron point rested on the bow.
124. KVKkOTEpiS: best translated as pred. adj. used proleptically,
strained the mighty bow 'into a circle' (cf. A 39; see Horn. Dict., cuts 96
and 97).
125. XC-ye: onomatopoetic word, cf. Engl. 'ting-a-ling-ling.'
126.,LwEVEaCOV: 'eagerly desiring,' applicable to i'crrds on account of
the personification.
127. XEXkiovro: 'forgot,' the unreduplicated aor. is used with different meaning in r 420.
128. a&yEXECI (probably = -7 &yovcra rp, AxTav): 'bringer of spoil.'
129. 'ro [a-oL]: join with FLvvev.
130. T6ocov airb Xpobs &s 6&re I^dnIp, IKT.: two things are prominent in
the comparison: (I) the distance from Menelaos's body at which the
arrow is turned away; and (2) Athena's tender care for Menelaos. The
perfect ease with which the goddess deflects the arrow is also indicated:
'as easily as a mother brushes away a fly.' Xpo&s [XpwTo7s]: gen. sing.
from XpOcs (rf. Xpda [xpwra], v. 139).
131. 69' (ore) XgCTCaL lorav Ae'7Traz].
133. 4vrero: sc. Cwo-r7-pi and translate: 'where the cuirass met the
girdle and became of double thickness.' By zeugma jviTeTo is translated
twice.
134. &pop6T'rL 'close-fitted.'
135. Bia x~v: see on r 357. - IXiXarTO: lit. ' was driven,' differs little
in meaning from  0X0E, r 357.
136 = r 358.
137. pLCTpns: the /.irp' was a woolen belt passing around the body at
the hips and next to the skin. It was sometimes strengthened by metal
plates, and was broader than the (/zua and twoarip, which were worn over
it. See Hom. Dict. cuts 51, 78.
138. f oL wrXdrEraov pvTro (sc. byv oi'aTrv): 'which most of all warded
off the arrow from (lit. for) him.' --  Eora'ro: I aor. from el/t. Translate the half-verse: 'and it forced its way out (7rpd) also through this.'
139. &KpoTaTOv Xpoa: 'surface of the skin.'
140. dreCiX1s: used only here and in v. 149 of 'arrow wound.' — pPEEV [Eppevl].
141. We are familiar with the staining of ivory with red, through the
red ivory chessmen orig. brought from  India. --  &Xavrca: refers to
plates or strips of ivory.
142. MtovCs: i.e. 'Lydian woman,' see on r 40I. — _ KaeLp: fern.
form from Kdp, 'a Karian.' The natural fer. form would be Kapta, then,
by metathesis, Kalpa, thence Kdelpa
143. ihpaoravTo: gnomic aorist.
144. irw'fis: 'knights,' ' chariot-drivers,' - not 'horsemen.'




252


NOT E S.


145. Cf. r I79 and A 6o.
146. 'rotoIt lo: translate as if ocrws aoi. — p-iL4vOhv [4Audvrlaoav or
4mavj0oh7mv] -
149. KaTClppiov: why not proparoxytone? G. 25, I.
151. vevpov: the 'string' by which the metal point (orta8pov) was tied
to the shaft (Kat'aAos). --   iKTS: Sc. wTEi'As.
155. 0&vacrov: appositive of oprKa. Translate: 'the truce which I
ratified was death to thee.' For opKLa rdcTcVEv, see on B 124.
156. irpoo-Trijras 'rpb 'AXaLiv: such repetitions of the preposition are
very common in Greek of all periods.
157. W's i'PoXov, K7TA.: explains particularly Od&varo,, and Ws is nearly
equal to e7rei8.-  KaLTo... raT-qlcrav: 'trod under foot.'
158. ol irws &Xto: ' by no means without result,' for divine vengeance
will surely come upon the Trojans for their breach of faith.
159 = B 341.
160. el ovK Aecrao-Ecv: for o' in protasis, see on r 289, and translate,
'if Zeus fail to fulfil.' e'reA'aroe and airer',raav are gnomic aorists.
161. 'TrEXi: pres. G. IIo, II, 2, N. i, H. 374, I.
162. This verse is added as an explanation of a-vv /e-yfdt. In ancient warfare, the men were slain (c'aps c KeaApca,), the women and children sold as slaves (see on A 367).
163-165. These three verses are said to have been repeated over the
ruins of Carthage by Scipio, who applied them to Rome.
167. irLo-rcr-etir  [rioretp]: subj. used in sense of fut. indic., see on A
262. -- aCtyi'a: for explanation of the word, see on A 447.
168. Tir& jv: is easily referred to v. i6I. — t o-o-cETL OVK AT&eo-'ra:
'shall not fail of fulfilment,' litotes.
169. This verse is the antithesis of the last half of the preceding
verse. The thought is: 'Little comfort the destruction of Troy, however
certain, if it is at the cost of thy death!' -  ore8Ev: gen. of the cause of
grief.
170. irdTrov: used in sense of tyo7pav, ' appointed space.' The phrase
~'&ryuov &va,7r\A'aps is the fuller way of saying OB'ps, cf. A 88.
171. The motive for continuing the war would be gone with the death
of Menelaos, in whose behalf it was begun.
174. trrro-L: causative, 'shall make decay,' instead of saying 'thy
bones shall decay in the earth.'
175. &aTAerUT^Tlr  irl C'pyy: 'with work unaccomplished.'
177.  '1rL0pfo-K0cv: exactly equivalent in meaning to Lat. insultans.
178. erl r&oaL: 'in all things.' —XoXov TrXIo-ELE: f. A 82.
180. Kal 8/1 1p3q: 'and now he has gone.'
181. Xl'rrv ayaebv MeviXaov explains Keivpao vwait.
182. Po[ X.voL: 'may it open for me,' i.e. open to receive me.
184. ipJi ir: is equal to A  r arws (cf r 306 and v. 234). --  SeICo-o-o:
here transitive, though in B I90 it was intransitive.




ILIAD IV.


253


185.  0ipoLOEv: in contrast with 6?rvepOe means ' in front,'' outside.'
187. For Cw/ua and IITp-r, see on-v. 137.
190. Arrol&''ercu. (eariualoual): lit. 'touch,' i.e. 'probe,' 'examine.'
191. KEV nir6aiori [rcafo-ete &v]: 'would free from pains (oi8vdcv).'
An ace. or- may be supplied.
193.   TTrr Tr&XLora: as with &s 'rTdLora, sc. 8vac'ai.
194. *ar*' 'AalrK-IvrLo vuL6v: ' heroic son of Asklepios.' Machaon has
already been mentioned (B 729-733) with his brother Podaleirios. Asklepios (Lat. Aesculapius) is thought of by Homer as wholly human and as
a scholar of Cheiron (cf. v. 219).
196. 6iarrEv'a-racS ipcXE [oi'ro-Ty  SaAey]: 'has hit with an arrow.'
200. rr.wra.Cvwv: redupl. from the root 7rra- of wrTfr1rarw, lit. 'look
about one's self timidly or cautiously;' here ' cast glances after.'
201-203 = 90-92. For TpiicK7, Cf. B 729.
204. Notice the anapaestic (anapaest, vj  -l) rhythm of this verse after the first syllable - I  -  a n -/ - v j  -  _-  v -- \ -.
205-207 = I95-I97. With.r uerv KXeos, cf. B I6o, r 50.
208. OvPbv SpLVE: 'stirred his heart' (to pity). Cf. r 395: 'stirred her
heart (to indignation).'
209. KaCIFO' tl ov, &v& orpaTr6v: Kcrra  denotes motion through without
regard to direction; avd indicates that the progress was from one end of
the army to the other.
211. PXiILEvoS: 2 aor. ptc. (cf v. 115) from tcdAG w used as attributive
adj. Translate (from 9i0): 'to where the wounded yellow-haired Menelaos was.'
212. uKviKX6o(e): 'in a circle.' The apodosis begins with 6 8' 6, tU0r<ro'r: 'then (8') the god-like hero was standing among them by his
(Menelaos's) side.' See on A 137.
214. IraXLv: join with  eXAKouAevoio. -- &-yEV [edyr7'av]: 2 aor. pass.
from &yvvut, cf. r 36. The barbs of the arrow were broken off as it was
drawn back through the metal-plated Doarr-p.
218. ir... rro'o:E: from d7r&rdrw_. --  iLrca: 'mild,' 'soothing,'
'healing.'
219. of: dat. limiting the verb is here used instead of gen. limiting
the noun. ofT rarpl rdpe [r 7rTaTrpl aViro 'AWKcev]. Translate the entire
clause: 'which Cheiron once in kindness (fitpa fpovfwv) bestowed upon
his father.'
220. a&.[* rvvovro: 'were busied about,' cf A 3I8.
221. Connect eir with fvXuOov: 'had come on.'
222. arTLs: 'again,' for since r 14 the Greeks seem to have remained
without their armor.
223. OvK &v t8o0s: cf. r 220. The verses from this point down to 421
describe the renewal of the combat and exalt Agamemnon's virtues as a
commander.




254


NorE S.


226. laoe: 'left' standing, i~e. he forsook horses and chariot in his
zeal to exhort the chiefs promptly and with the greatest result. - 'IrOLKLCXL
XQJWX: ' gleaming with bronze.'
229..rroXX4L 'earnestly,' as in A 3 5....-. MP&O-O&   [7rcapfiX1]: SC.
TOV5 L7T7rovs.
239. ~iroX&Lg BL&I KOLpMVrzOVTM: &Ld governs 7roe' s5 [7ro~xo1s]. Bi and
a'o never suffer anastrophe. xcotpacweovrc: used npenn   inf     rn.
late: 'moved as ruler through the ranks.'
231. li1rewwkeo ET: as in P 1 96.
232. o-1re1'BOMraS: SC. EIS,.idxrjv which was expressed in v. 225.
234. PA ijwr(: 'not yet.'
235. dirt +(1eUSCTOLV 90 —eT' 4pcoy6s [,ro71 4e'evrais erapw-ybs *r-rai or irca'jej will aid liars.' 4*ev64EnGrt is dat. pl. from adj. *ehs used as sub..
stantive, and e'7rt is separated from &pcwyds to which it belongs.
236. Cf. vv. 67, 7 2, 271I.
237. riav au&r';v: 'of the men themselves,' contrasted with 4WXovs and
rE'iva& in follg. verse.
242. 'L61wpOL: word of very uncertain meaning. Perhaps the most
satisfactory of the various etymologies is that which derives it from Id
'voice,' and the root Aiap- 'to shine.' Thus it would mean 'mouth-heroes,'
'boasters.' For other etymologies, see Hom. Dict.
243. la-r"TC: for other instances of aor. with signification of pf., Cf. A
I 58, 207; cf. also V. 246.
245. perc' j+PGUoC [6v q~peo-t. -   6XKA: 'power of self-defence' (cf. r
45).
248. E'LpV6a.-r' [C-YpvP-rc]: pf. pass. from e'pi'w, here used in its literal
sense, 'have been drawn up.' See on A 239.
249. at K' i~-nepa-)(Tj: see on A 137.
250 = B 207; Cf. also v. 231.251. 6Ar Kpirerea-at: chrl with dat. here denotes motion towards, but
not with idea of opposition. Contrast with V. 273..-       v4l oiiXcpV:
'through (the length of) the dense crowd.'
253. aCt 'a (wild-) boar.'
255. yjOo-quev IL8dv: 'was glad to see' (see on A 330).
256. PELXLXCOLcrLv: ntr. pl. used as substantive, see on A 539.
257. Construe 7repif as adv. and Aavac-o as gen. of whole with toe'.
258. 4XXotw elwl 9pywp 'on business of a different sort; e~g. on a mission as envoy (cf. A 145).
259. Sire [67rd-ac].
260. W..I KPI1TJPL. KipowTrL: 'have mixed in a mixing bowl.' 44 Kpnrj-pt
is added for vividness, though implied in KE'pWSVTaLL, which is pres. subj.
from KEdpazuau [KcEPd;VzV1Au]
262.. 8a~rpO'v (8alw): 'a measured portion.' - -irXeiov [7Xe`ov].gofl1K~E: ' stands filled.'




ILIAD IV.


255


263. Mriv: such uncontracted forms explain the accent (perispomenon) of 2 aor. infinitives in their Attic form.
267. V7riTo'TIV Kxal KaTivivaa: a more common equivalent phrase is
WroaX^XEar  al Kac iaravevev (cf. A 514).
269. For different expressions signifying breach of truce, cf. r 107,
299, A 67, 157 -273. Kopvuoor'o'r 9iv: 'were arming themselves,' cf. B I, r i8.
274. The cloud of foot-soldiers (v. 274) suggests the comparison in
the following simile with the cloud sweeping down upon (iKarpXo'Mevov)
the sea.
276. i.os [7rvons]: 'blast.' The west wind (ZE'pvpos) which came to
Asia Minor from the snow-clad mountains of Thrace was a cold and violent wind, and is thus represented in the Iliad. See on B 147.
277. Tr... 7r6vTov: 'and to him who is far away it appears blacker
than (T0f'E =  ) pitch as it descends (idv, lit. 'going ') upon the deep.' —
&-yEL: ' brings.'
279.,CiyrlcEv and JXa.aE, like Eitev (v. 275), are gnomic aorists.
280. troiaL: 'in such wise' (cf v. 146).
281. S^liov ir6Xqeov: 'hot combat.' The point of comparison is found
in the density and blackness (7rvKval, Kvdveal) alike of the ve'cos and the
daAa7yyEs.
282. Kvu&wea: 'steel-blue,' adj. derived from l6vaos, ' steel of a bluish
color.' --  irr6LKviaL: 'bristling' (cf. Lat. horrentes).
286. rcA[: ace. obj. of KceAeuw, with which!udXeo-cai may be supplied.
237. Carf: '(you) yourselves,' i.e. on your own impulse.
288 =B 37.
290, 291 = B 373, 374.
292.  itr' &XXovs: see on A 222.
293.   TerErTE: redupl. 2 aor. from stem Tre/- [KaTfAca8v].
294. ois CTaIpovs orreXXovTa: ' placing in position his comrades.'
295, 296. The chiefs named are all Pylians.
297. i'rrqras: object of (e0)ar?7o- in follg. verse.
299. tpKos aL4ev roXI.olo: ' to be a protection against the combat' (cf.
A 284).
300. Translate: 'so that, even though unwilling, one would fight perforce.' In the disposition of the chariots, foot-soldiers, and non-combat.
ants, may be observed rudimentary military tactics.
301. 4rErE'~TEarO: refers to the specific directions which follow: first
(v. 302) in oratio obliqua; then (vv. 303-305) as direct commands.
302. 6iCXtw: local dat.
304. otos rpdo'c' iXXov: i.e. as wrpdatos (cf. r 13, 16).
306. Translate (this and first half of follg. verse): ' But (Ve) whoever,
from his chariot (i.e. without leaving his place in the line), shall have
reached another chariot, let him thrust forth his lance.'




256


NOTES.


309. v6ov Kalo Ouv6v: 'mind and heart.' Cf A I93, B 352.
313. Ovl6v: 'courage.'
314. yowva6': ' strength,' of which the knees were reckoned the seat.
315. 6'ol'iov: 'common to all.'
316.  XiLV: sc. y?'Opas.
319. &is f.ev [oU'TWcs EXeL]. --  KaXeKWav: this 2 aor. of the -.LL form is
peculiar in that it does not lengthen the stem vowel. G. I25, 3, H. 401, N.
320. &lpa rnvia: 'all things at once,' i.e. the wisdom of age and the
fire of youth.
321. El: ' as sure as.' -- o6rt.EL: 'presses hard.'
324. caliXLs aiax!o —rovort: 'shall brandish their spears.'
325.  irrX6rEpol yey&ca-r: 'are more able to bear arms.'
326 = 272.
227. IIfeTSo: see on B 552.
328. &i4,C: adverbial, ' on both sides (of Menestheus).'
330. itrp... al... oraacrav [&ap7rapea'Ta'aav]: 'stood close
beside him on both sides.'
331. o'RL: dat. used instead of a gen. limiting Xads, so that in Attic
we might have had 6 xabs avrrcv, i.e. the host of Menestheus and Odysseus.
332. veov rvvopLvo6pL.voL: ' just set in motion.'
334.   rinro'rT: 'for the moment when.' See on A 67.
335. Tpocov: gen. of obj. aimed at after 6pa{orie.
336. VEKso-oaV: the cause of his reproof is given in i'crTaffa vv. 331,
334, EorT'fKe v. 329, Eoaadr' v. 328.
339. KEKC(L-,iVE: pf. ptc. from KalvviwaL. -- KCaKoOtcr 8XOZo-L: 'in base
wiles,' not in deeds of valor.
340. a&eiwraCT: ' do ye stand aloof.'
341. o    v..... ovras: see on A 541 for another example of ptc.
agreeing with subj. (understood) of infn. rather than with the dat. (here
dual) expressed. With EXreOLKE compare in meaning  rLtetues, A 547.
343. Translate: 'For you are also the first to hear from me (the summons to) the banquet.' The verb of hearing is followed by two genitives
instead of the gen. of the person and the accusative of the thing (cf. r 87).
345. Kpea is subj. of,arTi to be supplied, and piAa, on which e'uevca
depends, is the predicate. The construction is exactly similar to that in
A 107.
346. 56fpa 4e0&lpTov: 'as long as ever you may desire.'
347.   caXws: the adv. is suggested by qfAa (v. 345). The thought is:
'you have been glad to eat and drink your fill at my table; now you
would be glad to see ten files of men between yourselves and the enemy.'
350. 'CpKos 686vTrv: p'pKos stands in definitive apposition with are.
351. pe0LIJ.ev [/fe0f4'vai]: cf. v. 240 and A 241.
352. iyscpouev subj. with shortened mood-sign.
353. Ia. alt KV tot T.i pfXrt: ' and if this interests' you.' Thus the




ILI-AD    IV.


257


taunt is cast back upon Agamemnon by implying that he himself has no
real wish to enter the combat.
354. Cf B 259 follg.
355. or 8? rarr' &vEj.4tXLa P~is: ' these words of yours are but wind.'
357. XOOPlevoo: the supplementary ptc. would more naturally be in
the ace., which is the case in which we should expect the obj. of yv?,
[ycyvy] to be. Here, however, the verb is construed with a gen. of the
obj. (G. I71, 2, H. 576), and the ptc. agrees with this gen. -- irXv X.E~To: ' took back.'
359. KeXeiv: 'urge (you) on.'
361. MrlLa 8/ivCa olSE' r& yap 4povieLs & T' by/ wrep: '(your heart) has
friendly (ljria) thoughts to me (sc. lio,), for your views are the same as
mine.'
362.   MXX' OL: not different from aAA'?-ye (cf. r 432). —  Tra 8'
1MrLO-ev &pwEo'o'iuO: (freely) 'I will arrange this to your satisfaction
hereafter.'
363. T& 81 ir&vTa Oeol p.~Ta'rL.VLa OEtEV: may the gods make it all disappear like a breath of wind.' If, as usually explained, Ae'raucAvza is for.efravitcEILa (&V~E/os), the word is suggested by avejuLAa in the last line of
Agamemnon's speech (v. 355).
364 = 292.
365. Agamemnon now comes to Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, one of
the very noblest of the Greek heroes, distinguished not less for self-control
than for courage and strength. His exploits fill much of E and Z.
366.  v6' t lMrrowr KOa ElppacrL: 'in the chariot to which the horses
were spanned.'
367. wlp 81 ol: ' and close by him.'
371. TrC 8' &6rtrEELS rroXpoLo ye+vpipas; 'why dost thou gaze at (instead of entering) the bridges of combat?'  Imagine the two armies
opposite each other, separated by a narrow space. This space, which
both are desirous to cross and in which the combat takes place, may
naturally be called ye4vpa woAejuoLo.
372. 'Not so fond of skulking was Tydeus.'      The word rrmoXo's,
'beggar,' lit. 'one who cringes,' is derived from root of vrc6ro-w, from
which WvTrOaeC'dIev is formed.
373. Join iroXv with 7rpd: 'far in front of.'
374..ovE6pevov: cf. B 409, where rove, is used of the ' toil of combat.' -  o -yap /yc6 rE, IKTX.: gives reason why others should bear testimony, and not Agamemnon: it was before his day.
376. &rEp iroMlou: i.e. ' without hostile preparation.'
377. getvos: 'as a friend,' adds a positive designation to the negative
C&rp wroxeLoio. Tydeus and Polyneikes who were brothers-in-law, having
married daughters of Adrastos, king of Argos, had come to Mykenae to
enlist voilunteers for thde xpedition- 6 the Seven against Thebes.




258


NOTES.


378. oE 8: i.e. Tydeus and Polyneikes. -  e-aTprT6wvO': conative ipf.
'were seeking to make an expedition.'
380. ol 8e: i.e. the inhabitants of Mykenae.
382. oL 8' rEl oiv: see on B 20. -  rpb 68o0 iyivovro: 'were well
advanced on the road.' G. 182, 2,- H. 589.
384. We know too little of the legend to be able to say exactly to
whom the word 'Axatoi refers.
386. PI3Cl 'ETEoK\TE(T1S: 'of the mighty Eteokles' (see on r o05).
Eteokles was now holding the throne of Thebes in despite of the claims
of his brother Polyneikes. See Class. Dict. article Thebes.
389.  r&ira: 'in every contest,' ntr. pl.
390. Athena's aid is mentioned, not so much as the cause as it is the
proof of the courage of Tydeus. Had he been less brave, he would not
have had her help.
392. The Thebans appear to have waited until Tydeus was beyond
their boundaries before sending the ambuscade to lie in wait for him.
396. KaCL. TOto: ' upon them also,' i.e. they as well as his competitors
in wrestling succumbed to Tydeus.
397. lirev': redupl. 2 aor. from stem cEv-, 'slew.'- -TepaoEa-o ['e'paCo]:
G. 56, 2, H. I68.
400. XypeLa (also XEprla, cf. A 80): acc. sing. from XE'pos. It has the
force of a comparative, and is equivalent to XEpe0wv [XEipcov].
As the passage vv. 374-400 is unusually obscure, it seems proper to
give of it the following paraphrase: "I cannot speak from personal
knowledge of Tydeus, for he was before my time; but they say that he
was superior to all others; for without warlike pomp, but with the rights
of a guest-friend, he entered Mykenae with Polyneikes, seeking to collect
a host. (The chiefs, you know, were planning a campaign against mighty
walled Thebes.) And the people of Mykenae were resolved to give them
what they asked and approved their request, but Zeus diverted them from
their purpose by showing unpropitious signs (cf. B 353). And so, when
they were well on their way and had reached the Asopos, the Achaians
in turn sent thither Tydeus as messenger to the Thebans. Accordingly
he went and found them feasting in the house of mighty Eteokles. There,
though a stranger (and a declared enemy), not even for an instant was
the knight Tydeus afraid, though alone amidst a multitude; but he challenged to a wrestling-match and conquered them all easily, so potent was
the aid of Athena (whose aid he enjoyed in such measure because himself so brave). And the Kadmeians in wrath prepared for him on his
return a strong ambush of fifty young nobles, and the leaders were two -
Maion the son of Haimon and Polyphontes the son of Autophonos. Tydeus slew them also, as he had vanquished his opponents in the games,
and he let only one escape: in obedience to the gods he sent home Maion.




ILIAD IV.


259


Such was Tydeus; but the son whom he has begotten is inferior in
battle, but outshines him in the agora."
401. of Tri: 'not a word' (cf. A 5II).
403. Sthenelos (see v. 367) defends his superior, who has heard the
whole in silence.
404. qi;e8': for,eva6eo [4,evSov]. -  o'rcda: adv. with changed accent
from o-aqis [A\qr0cs]; connect with esiretv.
405. The ground for this famous boast of Sthenelos, which has been
as much quoted, as a model of self-respecting self-assertion, as any verse
of the Iliad, is that we (the sons) have done more than our fathers. They,
and among them Tydeus and Kapaneus, though performing prodigies of
valor, were unsuccessful in their attacks upon Thebes; we, their sons,
who participated in the second expedition against Thebes, - that of the
Epigoni ('E7riyovoL, 'after-born'),-conquered it. - -Ey' aljJcvovEs: so
far from being XepELa as Agamemnon had charged (v. 400).
407. Ve7r6: 'under and before.' —  &peov: may be adj. from prop.
name "Ap/s, 'martial;' or, if considered irreg. comp. from a&yaOs, is best
translated without comparative force, 'firm.'
408. 7rELOo1xEvoL: 'in obedience to,' i.e. we showed no impious defiant
spirit, such as brought destruction on the leaders of the first expedition,
but took counsel of the gods, and thus had their guidance to success.
409. An often quoted verse.
410.!1.... 'v8fo: notice the departure from Attic usage in the use
of jiu with aor. imv.
412. Cf. A 565. -  o-rLwrrq 4Aro: 'sit in silence,' 'be quiet.'
413. veiwro''A-yaleJvovw 6&rTpvovrL: vecr-W may be followed by the
inf. or by the ptc. In the former case, it is not implied that the action
censured has taken place; in the latter, it is so implied. G. 279, N. I, H.
802. Cf. B 296, r I 56.
415. TOVTO7: repeated (in v. 417) with special emphasis. Agamemnon's
personal interest (as brother of Menelaos) in the war, his personal glory
or grief depending on its termination, seems to Diomede to excuse even
misjudged reproof. To this reproof his sufficient answer is the succession
of exploits which fill E and Z.
419 = r 29.
421. i67r: 'below,' with special reference to that trembling of the
knees which is a common effect of fear (see on r 34). -  rEp heightens
the meaning of 'raXaartppova: 'even a stout-hearted one.'  KEv EtXEV:
sc. El 7rapeye'vero.
423. dpvVTaL: 'rises,' as the wave does just before it 'breaks' on the
shore. - -rrao'orvrpov: see on r 383. — ZEvipov hro: 'by reason of
Zephyros' (cf. B 95).
425. Xipoq: 'on the firm land.'- 4-a..l...  opt0oiSra: 'and be



260


NOTES.


ing curved forward raises itself aloft about the headlands.' This simile
(vv. 422-426) may be thus translated: ' As when on the resounding strand
a wave of the sea is raised (one following another) under the force of
Zephyr urging them on: first it raises its head out in the deep, but then
as it breaks on the mainland it roars loudly, and curving inward towers
aloft about the headlands and flings forth the sea-foam.'
428. voXEjiws: ' unceasingly,' 'steadily.' — KeUve, rTA.: 'each commander was giving orders to his own men.'
431. 'cLyi SELSL6T6S o-'iLPvTopas: 'in silence from dread of their commanders.'
433. ac&': 'farm-yard.'
435. &rIXes IepLaCKvta: ' incessantly bleating;' in these words lies the
point of the comparison. The restlessness and uproar of the Trojans are
emphasized.
436. 6OppEL(v): the addition of v movable in the 3 sg. of the plupf.
and in the 3 sg. of the ipf. of verbs in -ew is rare. --.va orTpacrbv Evpvv:
'along the whole breadth of the host.'
437. Op6os: 'language;' yipvs: 'dialect;' but the two words differ
little in meaning (see on r 2). -  a: ' one,' and so 'the same' (cf r 238).
438. iroXVKKXlToL: 'summoned from many nations.'
440. Deimos and Phobos are the ordinary attendants of Ares, but
on this occasion they attend Athena as she urges on the Greeks.- dloTOov
iEpavta: 'incessantly eager.'
442. Vergil has imitated vv. 442, 443, in his description of Fama, Aen.
IV, 76 follg. The prominent thought in both descriptions is the rapid
growth from small beginnings, which is as noticeable of strife as of
rumor. Cf. on B 93.
443. ovipav5: local dative.
444. 6oJoCov: 'common to both' (see on v. 3I5).
~ 447. 'riv p' poaXov Abvos: 'brought together the shields of ox-hide.'
449. brXqivTro: sync. 2 aor. midd. from stem wrAa-, which is contained
in the pres. -E'AaCw; it describes the single act included in a general way
in 'a-vveBaov fivovs (v. 447). Translate the sentence: 'and the bossy
shields came into collision with each other.'
451. Connect o3XAvvtrw with evXcox7, \xxvufEvwv with oIuloy.,.
452. XE(iFappoL (Xeiua and pew): lit. 'made to flow by a storm,' orig. adj.,
then subst., 'torrent.' This word and the equally common Xapcdpa (Xapodaao, 'to cut'), 'gully,' are to-day the ordinary designations for streams
in Greece, and their etymology well suggests their character. - KaLT
6pE(rcfL [iKaCa TWV O'pv].
453. 6ppLtJiov: lit. 'weighty,' from the depth of the fall as well as the
mighty mass.
454. Connect Kpovwv e/c feeydcXwv with. eovTes. The simile (vv. 452 -454) may be thus translated: 'As when storm-swollen rivers (streams)




ILIAD    IV.


26i


flowing from copious sources down the mountains pour together a
mighty mass of water into a basin within the hollow torrent-bed.'
455. The stupendous operations of nature are made more impressive
by the solitude suggested by the introduction of a solitary beholder.  Cf.
v. 275, r ii; cf. also Verg., Aen. II, 307: stupet inscius alto accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor. --  KXvE: gnomic aor., as in r 4.
457. Antilochos, Nestor's son, the youngest of the chiefs, often celebrated in Hom. for his swiftness of foot, begins the slaughter.  His
death at the hands of Memnon we learn from the Odyssey, 8 i87.
460. wrile iv: 'planted (his spear) firmly in, 'pierced.'
461. TOv dero-e: apposition of the part with the whole (see on A I50).
For various phrases descriptive of death in battle, cf. vv. 469, 470, 482,
504, 517, 522, 531, 544 -464 = B 341.
465. YXKe 8' irr' iK PEXE(vV [vT1rEtEXKe]: 'and he was dragging him out
from  under (the shower of) missiles.' — 64pae cruiXroLE: the inf. is
more usual than the final clause (cf. A 133).
466. I.lvvvOa  8e o' y4eve' oppi: 'but his effort lasted but a little
while.'
468. ol KvijcavTL: 'as he bent over;' dat. to be joined with the verb
4iEpaadv97l.
469. vwror6v: 'the polished' spear-shaft.
470. gppyov &pyceLov: ' hard struggle.'
474.   TO'I'ov: this word here occurs for the first time; it differs little
in meaning from alCd6s (cf. B 660, r 26).
477. ov8e... irEKE: 'but he did not recompense his parents for
their care.'
479. iTr': connect with sovpi (cf. r 436).
480. 7rprOTov Lyap jRv dvTa: 'for him as he was charging along in the
front of battle.' Cf as of equivalent meaning, irpwrov with 4v irpouixols,
r I6, 31.
483. Etamyl;r (probably from same root as Ejuac, f. aor. eToa): 'settling,'' depression,'' hollow.' — ^ l rc'i'K [ tr 7reKvKp].
484. oL aT' W&KporTaTdTn 'ref acr [avir? aKporTaT7 er7irFetpaol]: ' grow upon
its summit.' aKpoTdrr agrees with ol, which is pron., not article.
485. aY0owvL: 'gleaming,' because whetted and polished.
486. Kcipl+: subj. used properly after the gnomic aor., which has the
meaning of a primary tense. - KItrin I'Tvv: ' bends into a felly.' The
acc. is one of effect.
488. rotov, KTX.: translate so as to give strong demonstrative force to
'rtoov: 'so lay there (.roiov) Anthemides, whom Ajax was despoiling.' —
'AvOeuC8lqv: not the precise form which the orig. name (v. 473) would
have led us to expect; more regular would have been 'AvYOeaovi'&l7v.
490. KIO' 96Lkov: f. v. 209.




262


NOTES.


492. iT'pcoo-: 'to the other side' of the Greeks.
493. a.pu' acVTir: i.e. about the corpse which he was despoiling.
494. 7ro... airOKTcLivoLo: not gen. absol., but causal gen. after a
verb of emotion.
497. &ap.l E irawr^vas: 'looking on both sides of himself,' to see that
no part of his body was exposed to a side-thrust. The shield (cf v. 468)
would protect only against thrusts from the front.
498. &v8pos: depends upon the vnrJ, and is construed with KeKC'Eovro
(redupl. 2 aor. from xdaouai). The meaning of the verb, 'retired,' naturally suggests the equivalent meaning 'were forced back,' with which
the gen. of the agent is natural (see on A 242). --  oX &XLov: 'not in
vain,' litotes.
500. wrap' twrrrov )xELcowv: ' from his swift mares,' i.e. leaving a part of
the royal stud at Abydos, where he had the care of them (cf. B 836).
502. K6opCrlv: used as synonymous with iKp6rapfos. Hence ETEpolo is
appropriate with KpordapoLo: 'through the other (farther) temple.' --  8'
is separated an unusually long distance from a'Xfl7.
505. X(PlTcav 6' 8  TrdO [8' V7reXSpo'aa1: '6td does not suffer anastrophe
because 8(e) intervenes between preposition and verb. -  'Ovu-av 8 iroXkv,irpoTipo: 'rushed a long distance forward.'
507. vep.TJol- 8' 'AOrdXXwv: in the way in which Apollo expresses his
wrath, we have an example of the anthropomorphism of Homer.
509. EI'KET Xappl1S 'Ap-yCoLs: 'withdraw from the fray before the
Argives;' for dat. G. I84, 3, H. 597.
510. Xpcs is subject; Ai0os and a-oinpos are predicates.
511. avcaoX'o0ea': inf. of result without the conjunction  o-re, ' so as
to withstand.' G. 265, N.; yet see on A 8.
512. ov ixLv [/X^v] ovS': carries back the thoughts to o' (v. 5Io), and
introduces a more emphatic and more important denial.
513. wr'crae-E: see on A 8r; cf. also B 237.
514. rrTOXios: i.e. aKpordAXews, where was the temple of Apollo (cf. v.
508).
516. Cf. this verse with v. 240.
517.;TrirlO-e (I aor. from 7resaw): lit. ' fettered,' ' arrested.'
518. XEpiua8C<,: with the expression Xep[a8cy 3aAdxxeiv cf. Numbers
xxxv. I7: 'if he smite him with throwing a stone.'
519. KVIrjlV: had BAi]ro (sync. 2 aor.) been act. we should have explained Kcvltm7v as in partitive appos. with the pron. referring to the person struck. In the pass. voice the acc. of the part is retained, although
the person struck is in the nom., this acc. is then called the acc. of specification.
520. IIEtpoos: mentioned in B 844. -ALvodev: Ainos was a city at
the mouth of the Hebros.
521. &avaL8'j: as applied to Xias, the adj. means 'relentless,' ' cruel.'




ILIAD IV.


263


-   a44oeripw rtVOvrE: dual number is suitable, because every joint implies apair of tendons.
523. Ta-poLo-L: dat. after a verb of 'reaching,' 'stretching toward.'
Here the gesture is one of appeal, and the dat. approaches closely an
indirect object. Possibly we may find a parallel construction in A 351.
524. Ovi.bv &nrorveiov: 'gasping his life away,' a strong expression to
denote the result of a wound which would not appear to us to have been
deadly.
526. XvVTo: join with this 'K of the preceding verse. Notice the
paronomasia.
527. a0reoirvhEvov: 'as he sprang away.'
529. aQytYXiokov 8o ol ikXO: 'came near to him,' but the dat. is dependent upon the verb. G. 184, 3, H. 597. See also on B 408.
530.  oQ-rao'TxO: recognize the force of midd. voice by translating
yX0os ' his spear.'
532.  rEpCorrr-lqav: see on B 4I0.
533. &Kp6KOIpOL: see on B 11 and 542 and contrast the epithet with
Kcdp' KozUOwvTES and S7rLOev Kod6wv7Es.
535..reXq~.CX09i: 'was driven back;' the primary idea of the word is
of 'wavering motion.'
536. T~TOra-Oqv: plupf. pass. from refvw.
539. O1JiKE  KE 6Ovo0r7T: 'no longer (as Agamemnon had done in marshalling the host, v. 242) could one find fault with.'
541. The optatives in this and the follg. verse are explained on account of the implied condition in the relative clause.
542. Ipo^v: 'sweep,' 'reach' of the missiles (see on r 62).




BOOK FIFTH.


EL1 -/3a\\XX       KvOepeLav 'Ap'ja 7 e TvSeo; vt&t.
In Epsilson Heaven's blood is shed, by sacred rage of Diomed.
The first eight verses are a fitting introduction to the exploits of Diomede, who is the hero of E and of a part (vv. I9-236) of Z. The dignified
reply of Diomede to Agamemnon's ungrounded censure (A 370 follg.) had
led us to expect the valor which this book illustrates. He justifies his
rank by the side of Ajax as second only to Achilles. Many combats of
other heroes are introduced-partly to break monotony; partly to bring
out by contrast the superior bravery and might of Tydeides.
1. EvO' ad: 'then in turn,' for Diomede now for the first time takes his
place in the field. His deeds are too remarkable for it to be possible that
he should have wrought them alone; hence S8cKe d\. Aas 'AOv7j7.
2. ifKSrXOos yivoTro: 'might shine forth' like a light from darkness, cf.
for the same figure eK7radaoa-eiv, B 843.
4. Sate o[: the hiatus is only apparent, see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 8; in
translating join the dat. with the verb: 'there flamed forth from (lit. 'for')
him.' _ aKaCCaTov: suitable epithet of fire from its irresistible force and
progress.
6. AXXovuavos: 'after having bathed,' i.e. having risen above the oceanstream. -'fKEavoro: may be considered local genitive, or possibly it is
gen. of separation, 'from Okeanos-stream,' i.e. with waters from Okeanos.
The latest view gives to this genitive the name of quasi-partitive genitive,
and includes under it a great number of examples (see Monro's Hom.
Gram. ~ 151).
7. &arb Kpar6s TE Kil LS.ov: i.e. from his helmet and shield, which last
was suspended from the shoulders (see v. 4).
8. WporE: sc. 'AOtivn. -  KXoVEOVTo: 'were surging to and fro.'
10. 4io-TV: this form (for ljnYv) occurs in Horn. in this place alone.
I El was the ancient n.me for the letter E, which was designated by the grammarians
"E 4LX6v.




ILIAD V.


265


11. p&X'Is rr&6rqs: see on B 823.
12. ol [aiT,, i.e. Aou/aeil]: connect with 6pA7Or71rPlv, and translate:
'the twain, separated from the crowd, rushed upon him from the opposite
side (4vaIvrlo).
13. &ciF' 'rrrrov [a&p' apta'ros]: see on r 265.
14= r 15.
17.  Ba.X' avr6v: 'did he strike him,' cf r 368. For the translation of
the last hemistich, see on r 349.
18. oiX &iXLov: litotes.
19.  iETaprtitLov: adj., best translated by a prep. with its case, 'between
the breasts' (see on A 39).
20. &iropouo-r: 'sprang down from.'
21.,reptPLqva: cf. auPcSfBecKas, A 37.
22. ov85 y/p ov8 i one ov'e strengthens the other, see on B 703.
23. &X\' gpvTo: instead of el a EpuVro.
24. 's Sh: 'in order, no doubt, that.'-  ol: refers to Hephaistos,
'ndl is ethical dative; i. o, ce may be given by the words 'in his sight.'
25. YrTrovs: i.e. the chariot of Phegeus and Idaios.
26. KCriTOYELV: for the shore was lower than the battle-field.
28..rrca' 6Xeo'ri [Trap' uXFrt]: an idea of rest is naturally associated
with Krdaevov, 'lying dead.'
29. 6opCv9: 'was stirred.'
31. 'ApEs,"Apcs: the difference of accent shows that the penultimate
vowel is used with varying quantity. So the word cp[)os in the first foot
of the hexameter is sometimes used with long penult. Cf. B 381, A 44i;
cf also A 14 and 21.
32. OVKC &v.. I. 'ctaLpev: the interrogative potential opt. is used in
much the same sense as the hortative subj. in v. 34.
33. boirroTripoLoi... opigQ: the subjunctive is deliberative, '(to see)
upon which party Zeus shall have bestowed renown.'
34. Zeus's purpose (cf. A 524) is to turn the tide of battle in favor of
the Trojans after the gods have quit the field. Athena here assumes that
such an order has been given to the gods, though this has not been stated.
36. 'iL6EVTL: a word of wholly doubtful meaning. The natural signification, 'with lofty banks,' is not in harmony with the present configuration of the river and the Trojan plain. Autenrieth translates: 'with
changing banks' (from frequent overflow), while La Roche abandons all
connection with rlwv, 'shore,' and would translate, 'swift-flowing,' connecting the word with with eili.
39. "O8ov: cf. B 856.
40. rrpcT'r (pred. adj. with or-pe6OevrM): 'for in him as he was the first
to turn.'-   -Tcra+piv: governed by Iv, which here follows its case.
41.   -Tr9feeor<L ['r',CQvw]: Sketch of Dialect, ~ 9, I.
43. M'jovos: adj. = Avu'ov, see on B 864.




266


NOTES.


44. Tapvls: 'Tarne' is supposed to be an older name of Sardis.
46.   inr'rwv ewL'rrqd-oJvov: 'about to mount his chariot,' that he might
take to flight.
47. Cf. with last hemistich A 460, also vv. 3to, 659 iifra.
50. O'!6EvVTL: 'with piercing point,' deriv. adj. formed from the stem
of orvs by affixing the termination -oeyr, nom. -oEis. The regular suffix is
-eyr, nom. -eis, G. 129, 15, H. 470, 5.
52. &,ypcta rrivra: 'all kinds of game.' -  oipecoi: local dat.
54. fKr|3oAXCu: abstract noun formed from e&ics3doAos, 'skill in sending
darts.' The plural may suggest that this skill was shown on various occasions. --   iKEKaro: plupf. from Kativuv/a (cf. B 530, A 339).
56. irp6o0Ev 'OEv eIv iyovrT: 'fleeing before him.'
58. Cf. for the latter hemistich, A 504, also isfra, v. 294.
59. TEKTOVOS 'Ap.C f8w: TECKrTWV, 'Builder,' is here a proper name,
and 'Aptoviats is a par; nvmnic from"Apuowv, 'Fitter.' Thus we have an
indication of the desc-.ti [. -,im father to son of skill in a craft.
60. 6s: refers to LF*-i:oV. o-  8aiSaca: ' workr ot skiJI.'
61. i+aXCTo:- infrf.i,i.  aoi mniidd. formed from the stem  fiA- and
referred to sAXEc1, cf.
62. TrKT-rlvao:  notI(r: i,- play upon the root of TEKTWV.
64. ot T' aT(o [ieurr]: i.e. Pherekles. -  O Civ iK eioa'Ta- r  'decrees
of (lit. proceeding from) the gods.'
66. 8i6.a rp: 'right through,' often written as one word (cf. B 305).
67. Vtr 6oreov: 'along under the bone,' cf. v7rb?yAXwhcra, v. 74. The
bone referred to is that which forms the front side of the cavity of the
pelvis. Here, as in A 524, the poet shows ignorance of what wounds
would be immediately fatal.
69.  ire4ve: cf. A 397.
70. OEava': the wife of Antenor and priestess of Athena, mentioned
again in Z 298.
71. Ir6o-Eci: an instance of the lengthening of a final vowel before an
orig. initial F in follg. word, comparable to the freq. lengthening before a
liquid.
72. 4XEIv(8,s: i.e. Me'y/s (cf. B 628).
74. Translate: 'and the bronze, passing straight through along (between the rows of) the teeth, cut the tongue on the under side' (v7r6).
75. iuvXp6v: 'cold,' said with a certain grim sarcasm in contrast to
the warm flesh which it pierced. So we speak of 'cold steel.'
77. X   iKativSpov: the river Scamander was honored as a god by sacrifices of bulls and horses, and Dolopion was priest of the Scamander.
78. 8ip.w: local dat., 'among the people.'
80. ieraSpoL.&S'qv kXacr-: 'smote him as he ran after him.' fhawlelv
is used of blows given in hand-to-hand conflict.
81. airb teLeT Xeipct: 'lopped off his arm.'




ILIAD V.


267


83. -Tbv KaTOXape iro-e: lit. 'seized his eyes,' apposition of part and
whole, as in A 150. —. ropfvpEos [EAC.as]: cf. v 47.
84. This is a verse which marks a transition; cf. for the meaning of
TroVEovro, A 318, B 409.
85. This case of prolepsis is very similar to that in B 409.
87. &Il. irECov: 'up through the plain.'
88. XELuapp)?: appositive of wroTacq. -   ye6ivpas: ' dikes,' ' causeways.'
90. 9pKECa &Xo)oOV ipLO'llXv: 'walls of the blooming gardens.'
91.  XOodvT.: agrees with rdv referring to 'rOTarc.V.
92. KaT^pLri (like eKceaaaor, v. 88): gnomic aor. -- (VT cTroV: 'under
and because of it,' the prep. combines local and causal meaning. -  Vergil imitates p-yo acttlxqcv, ' the work of sturdy farmers,' in his expression,
bourm labores, Aen. II, 306.
93. vUrb TvSeC8n: seems to equal gen. with 6ird, the prose construction. Perhaps it may be regarded as an abbreviated expression for Gbrb
Xeprli TvuSeiou (cf: B 860).
95. AVKCovos v6uiS: Pandaros, cf. B 826, A 88.
97. birl TvSeCS i: 'at Tydeides,' dat. with ETrl of hostile intent. -  T6Cga:
for pl., see on A 45 -  TvXdv: cf. rvuXaas, A I06.
100. &rVTKppv 8i 8.o'-XE: 'held on through,' ie. passed through his
shoulder so as to protrude behind.
101. Ta: governed by the compound verb arl.. ioUa: 'shouted (in
triumph) over him' (cf. v. II9).
102. KEVTOpES tiirrov: cf:.  391.
104. &av-xEo-Eo-alc: fut. inf. is used naturally after 4n/d in sense of
'hope.'
105. Apollo is frequently called &va', cf. A 36, 390, 444.
106. Join CWK   with BSeAos. -- Sacarrr-ev: translate by plupf.
107, 108. Diomedes, as is generally the case with the Hom. heroes,
fights on foot, but his esquire holds the chariot at hand in case of need.
Karravi^ov: notice the formation of the adj. by affixing the adj. ending -o to the lengthened form of the stem of Ka7raev's (Karavrl lengthened from Karavvf(u). See on A I.
112. Connect sdcl'repes as adv. with the verb E'epvucr: 'drew through
and out of (the shoulder).'
115. It is interesting to compare the prayers in the Hom. poems.
This prayer (vv. 115-I20) may be compared, in length and in manner,
with A 37-42, 451-456. Here the aid of the goddess is implored not on
account of the services the hero has rendered her, but on the ground of
her affection for him, shown by her former favors.
116. mrapeorTis: 'didst stand by.'
117. 4>XaL: 'show thy love,' see on v. 6i.
118. Notice the change of subj. from eAeZv to AiEQ-v. Cf. for the irSorepov
7rp4repov, A 251.




268


NOTES.


122. yvta.: 'joints,' limbs,' the regular Hom. word for members of
the body corresponding to the prose word ufAios (pl. u'eMn).
124. Oaprov v: ptc. is nom. because the inf. is used as imv. (see on A
21).
126. oUaKio-rrcrXos: cf. in formation with?eyXeaoraXoi, B 131.
127. &XX:v: the mist did not hide Diomede from    view, though it
prevented him from distinguishing gods and men on the battle-field.
Cf. with axxvv 'Xov, Vergil's nubem eripiam, Aen. II, 604-606.
130. &VVTLKp' [e'Vavrtov]: 'face to face.' The final v of this word is
everywhere long except here and in v. 8I9.
132. oVrCleIEV [ovTav].
133..rEP3'q: v. 418 shows her on Mt. Olympus, whither, however, she
did not go directly, as v. 290 shows.
134. 'But Tydeides went and entered once again among those who
fought in the fore-front of combat.'
136. An anacoluthon begins here which leaves j/uEuaj/s standing alone,
yet the sense is simple (cf. B 353, Z 5II).
138. XpavTj1: 'has grazed,' i.e. slightly wounded.
139. CppoEv: gnomic aor.,' he rouses the lion's strength and then he
does not come to the rescue (of the sheep).'
140. T-& 8' ipfPca OPcEtITaL: 'and they, forsaken, flee.'
141. act LRv: refers again to the sheep, but is fem., though the ntr.
(Id) was used in the previous verse. —c XLo-'rtvcLa L ir' XXiX1Or KiXvvraL: 'are tumbled (lit. 'poured ') thickly upon each other (in death).'
142. paOeTls [,BaOfas]: see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 13, 3.
146. KXTiS8a: in partitive apposition with rbv a' E'repov.
147. UpyaOe(v) (from i'pyw, dpyw): 'shut off,' hence 'cut off.' The
form is an intensive ipf.; it has the syllabic augment, and 0 is added to
the stem by an intermediate vowel a. G. II9, 11, H. 41I D.
150. 'rots OVK pPXoiLvorS, KrX.: ' not for them as they went to the fray
did the old man interpret dreams,' i.e. he was wise for all others, only not
for his own sons. Another translation is: 'for them no more to return,'
etc.
153. T'iXvy'roT: 'of tender years,' is the most probable signif. of this
word, as to the derivation of which there is great uncertainty.
154. cirl KTETcTEooL: ' in charge of his possessions.'
157. t&ovTr voo-'r4o'rVTr: ' having returned alive.'
159. Xap3E: 'took captive;' quite different in meaning from IAXe (v.
144), ' slew.'
160. Elv iv 8SCpq f6dvTas: i.e. one as combatant, the other as charioteer.
161. Join Ev... Oop 'v, it.... At  (&yvvz).
162. irodpros il 13PoOs: 'of heifer or cow,' i.e. of young or old.
164. PjotE KaKCS aEfKdv'as: 'roughly made dismount, though reluctant.'




ILIAD V.


269


166. iXair'&ovacL: 'destroying,' cf B 367.
168, 169 = A 88, 89.
170. avTrov ivs8a: governs two accusatives, like rpoaro1ta or rpooeer're.
172. KXeos: here means 'fame' won by skill with the bow.
173. AvKi]: Pandaros came from Lykia in the Troad (cf. v. I05).
174. ANEs: cf. A 51.
175.  o-rTLS OSE: 'whoever it is who prevails here' (cf r 167, 192).
176. 7roXXOv TE Kaot ao-9Xov: see on B 213. - yoiva.r TXvcrev: frequent
synonym for slaughter of an opponent; see also on A 314.
178. Lpwv Al-qv'ioas: 'wroth because of (some defect in) sacrifices' (see
on A 65). The clause introduced by 8e contains a reason for thinking that
it may be a god who is fighting under the guise of Diomedes.
181. ito-Ko: see on r 197.
182. a-crrCSL: 'by his shield,' for the shields of Homeric warriors bore
on their field various devices, the prototypes of modern coats-of-arms.
- caXwirl8 Tpua.~XCi: the first of these words is probably connected
with abvos, 'tube,' and means 'perforated' to receive the horsehair
plume. TrpvaaXif seems to be derived from rpvc 'to pierce,' and to
have had a similar meaning with aAbx&rs, except that it is a substantive,
while avAxiris is adjective. Translate the two words: 'by his plumed
helmet.'
184. vuos: translate as predicate: 'if this man whom I mean is the
son,' etc.
185. TrdSC: cognate acc. (cf r 399).
187. 'roirov: gen. of separation, for ErpalrEv AXXp differs little from
a7rt'rpacrev.
189. OWpr'JKOS yvciXolo: cf v. 99.
190.  lapi!v: midd. used in same sense as the act. (cf. B 37).
191. vv: 'doubtless' (cf. r 164).
192. ItWrrot KaLt &pp.ra.: we reverse the order and say ' chariots and
horses.'
194. wrpwTorowayts: lit. 'put together for the first time,' i.e. 'yet unused.' -  V-OTEVXE'~S: 'newly made.'
195.  lwrcaWravT  (7re'rdvvvt) ): 'are spread out (over them).'
196. Cf. B 776. -  6kvpas: from nom. sing. 6Aopa, 'spelt,' the name
of a species of grain not unlike barley.
198. fpXojLvw: 'as I went' to the war (cf. v. I 5).
200. Cf. B 345. Lykaon came from Zelea, a city in the Troad lying at
the foot of Mt. Ida (B 824-827). Hence his subjects are Tpcrs.
202.   EtL8odILvoS, KTX.: 'as I wished to spare my horses, lest I should
see them (toi ethical dat. G. 184, 3, N. 6, H. I99) want fodder.'
203. elXojvivv: 'if the men were crowded together,' as would be the
case in a siege.
205. PdAXXov: pl. where the sing. would be regular in prose (cf. A 36).




270


270            ~~NOTES.


208. &'rpvis: 'certainly.'- -..1YCLpC Si 1&XOV: 'but I (only) roused
them the more.'
209. KCLKli eatona: lit. ' with an evil fate,' i.e. 'to my own hurt' (see on
A 418).
211. (~pwv X6'PLv: compare with XaptC4,uevos and with 2lpap eWpi (cf.
A 572, 578).
212. voo-rijo-(a: fut. indic. as is shown by E'o-o4'o/at.
215. v 'irupC: dat. of rest after a verb implying motion (c-f. B 340).
216. &vePXLcx: in pred. apposition with pron. referring to 'r6ca, the
subj. of o3Irq6,EZ.
218..nr.pOS b goi-c-ercu. dXXcas  'the past will not be changed,' i.e. will
not be mended.
222. ireSCoLo: local gen., Cf. r 14, but see also on v. 6.
223. gVeOC KOLI MU8: 'forwards and backwards,' in the two directions
indicated by 6IWKE'.LEv 7'5E (pIcr',cu0a [4pd~ew'Yi].
224. -rW KCLI VCOL iro'XLSe cOcLW'acTTov: 'they shall also bring us safely into
the city,' an additional reason for taking the horses.
225. ehrr'... 6pi~-q: in the sense of the simple verb p'4pl. Cf- v. 33.
228. TrMv8: ALO/A'qr1Ia. - 848gO: pf. imv. midd. 'take upon thyself,'
'sustain the assault of.'
232. O'LoErov: ' will bear; for the chariot was drawn by a yoke, and a
considerable weight rested upon the necks of the horses.
233. phi fpcm~rIOETOV [l~ar1aolTo']: 'that they may not linger,' may be
regarded as a final clause dependent upon E'yE (V. 230).
235. v*L: obj. Of KTeU/vp. -   erc~tis: used without obj. (cf. B 146, r
369).
240, 1J.LEJlLq~Cor'e): 'furiously.'
244. Iirl a-oL': ' against thee,' dat. with prep. where the simple dat. with
I.AdXEo-OaL might have been used. For accent of a-of, G. 28, N. i, H. 232.
245. b' p14V: SC. e'rTI.
248. utods: the pred. nom. follows as naturally after 6KcyE-ycsEJV as
after elvaIL in the preceding verse.
249. poL.: ethical dat. I I beseech you.'
252. ILf TL 4oo'povS' ayO'peve: 'do not counsel me at all to flight.' -
cri 1reLa-filLev: for midd. voice of verb in similar phrase, cf. A 289, 427.
Here o-E' is subj. of lrEioaE/LEZ [7rel'o-ew].
253. &XvcrKc~tovlL IJ.4X c&L: lit. 'to fight while fleeing;' paX0/AEPnP
a0-avUIccEL, 'to flee while fighting,' might seem more natural.
255. KCLI a~rcos: 'even as I amn.'
256. OLVTCov EltpL: &vrI'OS IEI/.L would be more usual (cf. A 535, Z 54).
257. roi"M: ' both of these,' dual, though the pl. has just been used
of the same persons in V. 256.
261. cri, Be': 'then do thou,' 8e' in apodosis.
262. APVKC&K4LV: 2 aor. infin. with peculiar redupl. at end of stem (see




ILIAD V.


271


Sketch of Dialect, ~ 15, 2).- C /vrvyos: the &wvnv was the rail which
ran around the upper edge of the body of the chariot, serving as a support for the driver, and as a place of attachment for the reins. See
Hom. Diet. cut No. Io.
263. &ircaaLc:  followed by the gen. as a verb of aiming.
265. 'rTs yEVEfs: pred. gen. after Earl understood. --  s: part. gen. in
the same way we should say in English 'of which' or 'from which Zeus
gave ' (cf. T7s 'yevEJs, v. 268). The myth was that Zeus, in the form of an
eagle, carried off Ganymede from his father Tros, king of Troy, to whom
he afterwards gave these immortal horses as a compensation.
267. i7r' jo0 T'E eXLd'v rE: i.e. 'under the light of day' (see on A 88).
269. OXiCas [08r7elas]: adj. is used as if of only two terminations.
See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 13, 2, and cf. B 767.
270. -yvev9Xl: added as pred. nom. though not necessary for complete
sense. It repeats the idea contained in EY&ovTO.
271. avTrbs iXov rT(TaoXXE: 'he kept for his own use and fed.'
272. IpJ^cr'rTE 6poo o: rf. A 328.
273. &polIp.ca: 2 aor. opt. from &pvvJ.ai (see on A I59).
275. Ti 8e: Diomedes and Sthenelos.
276. r6v: Diomedes.
280= r 355.
281. Cf the first part of the verse with r 356; the latter part, with A
138.
283=- ior.
284. KEVEOVO: 'belly,' literally that part of the body which is destitute
of (Kcevzs) encompassing bones like those which form the frame-work of
the chest; for case, see on A 519.
286. oi T'appfi^oa: 'undaunted.'
289. atFLarTos &o-a "Aplqa: the ferocity of Ares is indicated by the
strongest possible expression. The gen. a'laros is one of very freq. occurrence in Homer (cf. B 415, Z 331). A dat. of means might be substituted
for the gen., but would not give precisely the same sense. The gen. is a
gen. of material, and has associated with it a partitive idea (see on v. 6).
291. piva: poetical acc. designating the goal reached; in prose a preposition would be required (cf. A 322). -- irpJlcrE (7repdw): sc. Tb JBAos,
'the arrow forced its way through.'
292. roil 8' &arb /yXcr'crav rpupv.viv 'rap6: 'cut off his tongue at its
root.' The spear entering near the eye, and passing out below the chin,
must have described such a curve as to descend almost perpendicularly.
Various explanations suggest themselves: the goddess directed its course;
Diomedes stood on higher ground.
294 = v. 58.
295. -rapiTrpEcraav: 'started to one side,' 'shied.'
296. alAL [aur'd0t]: 'on the spot.'




272


NOTES.


297. &6rdpovre: sc. IXo^v.
298. ol: i.e.' in spite of him,' dat. of disadvantage. The pronoun refers
to the subject of the principal verb.
299. &api4 8' p' arrn pa13uve: 'and then he was walking about him'
(Pandaros's body). —.XKC: heteroclite dat.; the nom. sing. in use is
aAKi.
300. ot: join with ErXe. If it depended upon 7rpoa0e it would be in
gen. Translate: 'held for his protection (ol) before (him).'
301. "ro: i.e. ro veYcpoi.
303. IE'ya gp-yov: 'a mighty mass.'-   04poiev: potential optative,
though without fv (see on A I37).
304. tiv: may stand for all genders, cf. A 237. — pea [piqwas] rWaXXe: 'was swinging (preparatory to the cast) easily.'
305. ALvecao: see on r 356 for construction.
307. ol: dat. of disadvantage; translate the verse literally: 'shattered
for him the hip-pan, and broke besides the two tendons (which held the
thigh-bone in place).'
308. 5'cr 8' air6: see on A 505.
309. grrol: 'remained erect.'
310. yacL'TlS: gen. of place; translate: 'sustained himself (lit. propped
himself up) upon the ground.' The dat. yatn is the ordinary construction
with ipelc. -__ vv: 'night' of unconsciousness (not, as usually, of
death).
311. KV air6XoLTo: more regular would be a7rcAXeo &v, as the conclusion is contrary to fact.
312 = r 374 -313. Vir' 'AyXaor1: 'by Anchises' (cf. B 714).
315. iKXv+wv: followed by dat. of the person ol and an acc. of the
thing rrv'yjua.
316. YpKOS PXAioV: cf. EpIKOs roXEoio, A 284 and ppKos acdviruv, A 137.
318. ire'+epev: 'was trying to carry forth,' conative ipf.
320. r&wov: the article here and in v. 332 is placed after its noun. It
is, of course, a demonstrative pronoun.
321-323. Cf. 262-264.
326. 6OJItXLK(lS: see on r I75.-   Ol 4pEirlV &para JST: 'knew in
his heart things suited (agreeable) to him,' 'was like-minded with him.'
328. iOv tYrrwv: 'his own chariot.'
329.,UOETrE: takes two accusatives, 'guided his solid-hoofed horses
after Tydeides.'
331. 8 T': quod, see on A 244. --   VaXKLS: 'without power of selfdefence (aXK.f)).'
332. &vSpcov: limits a7dXeAov, cf. dX7'rv avspv, r 241.
334. iroXiv K:iO' 6oCXAov: 'through the numerous host.'
336.   LKp1qv XEtpa: ' the hand at the end;' more exactly defined, v. 339.




ILIAD     V.                       273
337. &bXT1cpiv: epithet of Xeipa, ' a feeble part,' 'a feeble thing.'Xpoos: the gen. instead of the ace. indicates that the spear entered only
a certain distance into the flesh.
339. rrpvpvobv /Vr'p OEvapos: 'above the base of the palm' (of the
hand), i.e. near the wrist (cf v. 458).
340. pEiL: 'flows,' 'courses.'
341. ov yp aoITov l8ovo-': this verse gives the reason why iXcp differs
from the blood of mortals.
342. KCXoOVTCaL: nearly equal to Elal, see on B 260.
344.  ErTa& XEpr(v = ev Xeparv.
346 = 317.
347. Cf. v. 1oI.
348. EiKE roX.lAov: cf. A 509, r 406.
351. Kal Et XE' iTipoL0 TVai-tal: 'even if you hear of it from another'
(lit. on the other side).
353. T-iv: obj. of 'aye.
354. XaCVETo: refers to the change from  loss of flush or bloom,
rather than from blood-stain.
355.   r'* a&pLorTpa (ntr. pl.) Mi&XeIs: 'on the left (west side) of the battle-field.' Ares was sitting (v. 36) on the banks of the Scamander.
356.  EipL WKEKXLTO: lit. 'rested in mist,' i.e. were shrouded in mist.' It
is by zeugma that tyXos and 'tnrro are connected as subjects of dK&Aero,
cf. r 327.
357. KaCLyv4-TOo: join with lnrovs.
359. Kolora-al: 'take under thy protection,' cf A 594.- -T... 8:
cum... tumr. The second clause is specially emphasized.
361. g iA~: cognate and object accusatives after orWaa-ev.
364. cLKacxpEvi: varied metrigratia for aKaXrdrJlV,.
365.  rap 8C ot: see on r 262.
366. paLo-Titv f'L V  av: 'lashed them to drive them forward.'  a  dav is
inf. of mixed purpose and result. G. 265 and N., H. 765.
369. rrcap&... 3Xev: sc. avroLs.
370. Iv yovvaTL: ' in the lap.'-   AlWvir: fem. substantive formed from
the stem At- of Zers. Dione seems at first to have had the same attributes, perhaps to have been identical, with Hera. Cf. the Lat. name
Juno (== Jov-ino) from the stem of Jupiter (Jov-is).
371. OryaTcEpa iv: for another example of the poss. pron. following
its noun with power to lengthen preceding vowel, cf. v. 71.
373. OvpaviwvoLv: 'of the celestial beings;' it does not occur to Dione as possible that a mortal should have inflicted the wound.
374. ev-cowrq: 'openly,' lit. 'in (every one's) sight' (cf. ev 60pOaAo/uor,
A 587).
375.  4LX\olp.al8Js: habitual epithet, not specially appropriate to Aphrodite in her present condition.




274


NOTES.


376. orna: the accent is irregular for a contracted ipf.; hence probably to be considered a 2 aor.
379. Translate: 'for 'tis no longer a dire combat of Trojans and
Achaians.'
382. KqSOViJ ITrEp: ptc. conforms to the natural, not the grammatical
gender of TrKVOV, cf. A 586.
384. E iavSppv: 'in consequence of men.' To comfort Aphrodite,
Dione adduces various examples of the suffering and humiliation which
various deities had endured at the hands of mortals. Ares, Hera, IHades
have thus suffered.
385. Otos and Ephialtes, indignant at Ares for the murder of Aloeus,
their reputed father (they were really sons of Poseidon), confined the
war-god in a great jar (perhaps to be conceived as of earthen-ware
bound with hoops of bronze, xaAXKEt Iv KFpaLt/L) and kept him prisoner
for thirteen months. The story is supposed to symbolize the conflict between war and agriculture. The god of war was held captive for more
than a year, the time necessary for a cycle of the earth's crops to reach
perfection.
389. The mother of the giants, we learn from the Odyssey (A 305),
was Iphimedeia.
392. The hostility of Hera to Herakles was the occasion of the bondage of the hero to Eurystheus and of all his labors.
394. KaC: should not be joined to uisv, which in that case would have
the accent as emphatic, but rather to the rest of the sentence, av1KCTEa-rov
Adf~ev 6,Ayos.
395. iv TroWoL: i.e. among the other gods who suffered.
396. wrVTOS [6 avrds]: 'that very one,' i.e. Heracles. Does 6 abuds
mean 'the same,' in Homer?
397. iv IlvK: IvlAxc is probably equal to rvrAp (sc. 'At'ao), and the
meaning is 'in the gate of Hades,' i.e. 'in the lower world.'-  PBaoXv is
to be joined with iv VEKUveOaa: 'casting him among the dead,' i.e. 'leaving
him for dead on the field.'
401. 68vvi!arc.a: lit. 'pain-killing.' The stem  pa- appears in pf. rweobayaL and fut. rve^oaoy.at. In the present we find the stem pev-.
402. riTVKrTO: scarcely differs from iye'ero or Iv, cf. v. 78, cf. also A
84, B 320.
403. o-XrTrXos, 63pqoepy6os: nom. in exclam. (cf. A 231). Both adjs.
refer to Herakles.-  6s OUK SOETE alhvXa p1cwv: ' who makes nothing of
doing high-handed acts' (cf. A i8I).
405. lrC: join with avKe. Were aoi governed directly by it, it would
be accented Etar by anastrophe.
407.!AOX' ov Stvao6s: 'by no means long-lived,' litotes.
408. Cf. for the sentiment, Z I30 and I40.
411. 4paro.oco: 'let him take heed.'




ILIAD V.


275


412. Aigialeia, the daughter of Adrastos and the wife of Diomede,
was the younger sister of Diomede's mother, Deipyle.
413. oiKTqas [oIKCTas]: ' house servants' (cf. Z 366). -  yodora &yelp:
'wake by her laments.' So Penelope, in the Odyssey, laments the absent
Odysseus.
416. &aJL+oTEpo-iL: 'with both hands.' -- IX: a heteroclite accusative instead of itXypa.
418. 'A90cvail T. Kal"Hp7q: Athene left the battle-field after giving
directions to Diomedes at v. 133.
419.;peLOLov: Zeus had taunted these two goddesses (A 7) with the
energy of Aphrodite; these taunts they now return upon Aphrodite.
422. avLELora o-rer'OaL: ' while inciting to follow.' --  <XTlorE: 'has
been smitten with.'
424. 'AXaLiaLLSv eliirkrovwv: merely a repetition of 'AxaitdSoY (v. 422),
and really adds nothing to -rCv, which would be amply sufficient alone.
429. Translate: 'but do you rather practise (lit. pursue) the loving
work of marriage.'
431 = 274.
432.;iroipovuo: 'charged upon' (cf. r 379, A 472).
433. Translate: 'although knowing that Apollo himself held (protecting) hands over him (ol).'
434. i'ETO: 'was desiring,' 'was striving.' Though respecting the letter
of Athena's command not to engage with gods in combat, yet he might at
any moment provoke Apollo to personal conflict.
437.;crrv+deX: 'dashed back' (cf. A 58I).
440.   p4eo: as in v. 411. -- ro-(a) fpoveLv: cf. abov fcdo'0a, A 187.
441. oZ... ljotov: 'a far different thing' (see on A 278).
442. Xacal;pxooI;Vwov: the description of men is not without a tone of
contempt in contrast with 'immortal gods.'
443. TUvO6v: Diomedes shows his intrepidity by retiring only a little.
445. a&rraT-rpeev: 'apart from,' cf. B 587.
446. IIpyYtpao Etv: not Athena alone, but also Apollo, had a temple
in the citadel (cf. A 508).
447. T6v=A'iYviav. -- ATnrT Tr KalAprTiLS: the mother and sister
of Apollo are naturally found in his temple.
448. KVCsavov: 'were making illustrious,' i.e. were heightening his
beauty and strength.
452. Translate: 'were hewing to pieces the ox-hide shields about
each other's breasts.'
453. &o'-rrSas E1KVhK\oVS XcL'rijLa 1re irrepevrac: this verse is explanatory of Boelas. Xaatarta (xacios, ' shaggy') is applied to a small shield
covered with hairy ox-hide. 7rrepdevra, 'fluttering,' is thought by Autenrieth to refer to a kind of apron hanging from the shield (see Hom. Diet.
cut No. 79). Others take WrTepdevra in the sense of 'light,' lit. ' light as a
feather.'




276


NOTE S.


454. Apollo is so closely pressed by Diomede that he recalls Ares to
the battle-field, whence he had been withdrawn by Athena, vv. 29-35.
455 = 3I.
456. oVK &v Sh p6o-maCio: for use of mood, see on r 52.
458. cr-Es6v: 'in hand to hand conflict.'-  Xep' [XE^pa]: cf. A 316.
461. Tpom's; ace. pl. fer. of adj. -  obXos [Ao6s]: cf. B 6.
462. 'AK1L~Cav'r: this hero, the bravest of the Thracians, is slain by
Ajax, Z 7. Ares conforms to the usual practice of the gods in assuming
the form of Akamas; when they enter the battle-field, they usually take
on the appearance of some mortal or are veiled in mist.
465. 'AXcaots: dat. of agent to be joined with KTeiEov-ea (cf. r 301);
see on A 4IO for another example of Kreiv used in pass. sense. In prose
the pass. of (a7ro)Kretivw is regularly (aro),v7'Kcw.
467. KETrLT: 'lies prostrate.'
469.   rcLUoo,~Ev:: I aor. subj.
471.,I.Xa: 'sharply.'
473.   Mqs [^pqns: f. B 37. In  e/fev, and 9xEarKes (v. 472) there may
be a play upon the signification of the name Hector, lit. 'Keeper' (cf. Z
403).
475. rCv: i.e. ya/uSpwv rKaar-yvrwYv re.
477.   veiptev [vera/,ev]: i.e. ev Tr irdh6AE eo/AEv.
479. TlXov: sc. E'ar, and for adv. instead of adj. in predicate, see on
A 416.
481. K6.8: i.e. KaTr-nirov. -  8s K' 7rLSeUVs: sc. { (cf A 547).
483. &vSp: 'with my man,' i.e. in single combat. --   Tap: 'and
yet.'
484. With qfpoiEv and &7yoie a dat. of disadvantage may be supplied:
'as the Achaians could carry and drive away from you.' The distinction
between cfepeiv and &yeiv, that the former applies to things without, the
latter to things with, life, scarcely needs to be mentioned.
485.   crllKas: 'art standing idly here.'- ov8': ' not even.'
486.  ipec'o-rL: for odpeo-aa [yvuvait].
487.,Ih... yeVrlqaOe: 'see to it that ye do not become' (cf. A 26, B
I95.-   aXovTrE: the dual number is explained by the pointed reference
to Hector and the hAXoi aaoi of v. 486: 'both of you caught.'
490. T'iSe 7rvrcva: the things outlined in vv. 487-489 (of B 62).
491. XLcro-op.ivc: the erlcoupot were held by a slender tie, so that their
chiefs must be treated with great deference.
492.!XE'CEV: 'persist,' i.e. not to abandon the siege. -- evrirv: 'faultfinding.'
494. &Xro: sc. "EKTwp (see on r 29).
495. SoOpa: sometimes we find 8oOpe, as the chief carried two spears
(cf. r I8).
497.    ~MX6iOlraov: 'were rallied.'




ILIAD V.


277


499. lp&s: ' sacred' to Demeter.
500. SavO1i: 'yellow-haired,' appropriate epithet of Demeter on account of the golden color of most varieties of grain when ripe for harvest.
501. Translate: 'separates, in the rush of the winds, the grain and
the chaff.'
502. aL 8' viroXhuKaCvovraL aXvppraLC: the point of the comparison lies
in these words, viz. the whiteness of the heaps of chaff and of the dustcovered warriors.
503. 8' aVT'rV: 'throughout their ranks.'
504. 'nrokXVaXKov: the vault of the heavens is thought of as constructed of bronze. --  rr7irnXyov: redupl. 2 aor. from wxOo'aa  governing
ov (v. 503) as cognate accusative.
505. e'lrloyoJLoMvcv: should probably be joined with 'i-r7rv in v. 504:
'as they (the horses of the Trojans) mingled themselves again with them
(the Achaians) in battle.' — nro 8' 'a-rp~|ov: this clause contains the
reason for e'rrLt/oia'loevv.
506. ot 8 jievos XELPiv LiVS 4ipov: 'and they (the Trojan combatants
who rode in the chariots) were bringing to bear the might of their hands
straight against them.'
507. FaJiX1: dat. after a'&,etKdAvie: 'spread night around the combat.'
- TpaEo-o-r appycov: 'aiding the Trojans,' by isolating the combat.
508. Tro, KCTA.: article used demonstratively, translate: 'of him, Apollo
with the golden sword.'
512. IrCovos: 'rich.'
514.  LEO(o-TaTo: 'was taking his place among' (see on A 6).
517. ov *yp ca ir6vos &iXos: 'for other (and greater) toil did not permit it.'
518. Cf for last hemistich, A 440.
519. rovs 8'... Aavao0s, 'but these, namely the Danaoi.'
520. Kal acT'ro: i.e. 'without urging.'
523. vlIv.Cils: ' in a time of calm.' -- go —rl-v: is gnomic aor. as is
indicated by the subj. eS8papr in dependent temporal clause in the next
verse.
524. aTp4ipas: join with 'ro'-7rev, 'fixes immovably.'
525. o-KL6ovTa: cf. A 157.
526. irvoLovWL XLYvpBoL 8LaoKL8VaiL&v a.vTs: 'scatter with their shrill
blasts as they blow.'
527. Fivov oV8' 4fipovTO: cf. fi.BpoTrs ohS' T&uXES, v. 287.
528. Cf. r 449. —    rokX: cf. A 35 -530. 6aXXAovs aLiStor9e: lit.' have a sense of shame before one another,' i.e.'demean yourselves bravely in each other's sight.' — KaTw
KpaTrpas vcr(lvaus: cf. B 345.
531. 1rijavTaiL: pf. =pres. It is a common observation that death
often overtakes the coward and seems to spare the brave.




278


NOTES.


534. ALveou: the contraction of ao to w in masc. substantives of I
decl. takes place after a vowel (see on A 47, I65).
538.   pUTO: ' held back,' syncopated ipf. for Epve'o. —  Aoaro: for
meaning, see on r 6i. Cf. the nearly identical hemistich A 138.
539. vetaLp3I: -aipa is fem. termination (cf. lo-Xe- atpa, v. 53), and the
adj. has superlative force. Construe with -yaarp: ' in the lower part of
the belly.' — X\aocro-: sc. as subject, Agamemnon.
540 = 42.
542. ALOKXfos: Diokles was son of Orsilochos, the son of the rivergod Alpheios.
543. 4/IP9: In the Odyssey, y 488, the name of the place is given as
plural, Pherai being the town half way between Pylos and Sparta where
Telemachos, on his way to the court of Menelaos, halted for the night.
544. a.4veLos P,'TOLO: cf. Lat. dives opum.
545. eupv piae: 'flows broadly,' i.e. with broad bed.
546. &v8pero —c: cf. the datives in v. 5I1 and A 7.
548. SLBV&Vove [6&tViUo].
549. p.fiXs e e iSore wraorlos: cf. B 823, E II.
553. apvui.vw... TLV: cf. A i59.
554. o'L'o T' ye: La Roche explains as by enallage for rc ye oiw, and
sees in rc-6 yE, which simply anticipates rC- in v. 559, a similar pleonasm
to that in B 459 and 474. Translate: 'just as a pair of lion-cubs,' etc.
555. TrLap+  itv: 'in a jungle.'
558. &vSpov iv raXCLo'i: ' under the hands of men.'
562 = A 495.
564. Ti& 4poveov: 'with this intent,' prepares the way for the final
clause 'iva... Sa/cEEl.
566. 1roiLEVL kXaCv: 'for (in behalf of) the shepherd of the peoples.'
567..l TrL rraotL: euphemism for /&X atroOdvo. --  aLrocr'^XeiE: I aor.
opt. from a7roo(pdAow, lit. 'should cause to fail of result of their toil.' The
subj. is Menelaos, though what is meant is Menelaos's death. The expression illustrates the partiality of the Greeks for the personal construction.
573. vEKpovs: i.e. Krethon and Orsilochos. --  IEaE XOadv: 'toward
the host.'
574. Tr- SeLXO: 'the two slain heroes.' 6aeXd may be regarded as a
euphemism for a&ro6avdvre.
579. vvige: 'pierced,' follows as the sequence of TvXJo-as rcaT& KiX77)aa:
'having smitten upon the collar-bone.'
582. ayKC0vaL itcrov: ace. of the part in apposition with /yA, which
may be supplied as obj. of BdAe.
583. XdEK' A\edfavrT: 'white with ivory,' i.e. the reins of leather were
adorned with plates of ivory (see on A 142).
584. K6pcrorv: cf. A 502, and for ace. cf. a'ylcva, v. 582.




ILIAD V.


279


587. &pxeoro: distinguish,aOos, 'sand of the plain,' and Jd4aoos,
'sand of the shore.'
583. The dying hero had plunged head foremost into the deep sand,
and remained upright in this strange position until, in consequence of
Antilochos urging the horses forward, 'they dashed against him and cast
him down in the dust.'
592. wrorvCa: 'august.'
593. 'XovacL KvSOLIbOv va8isa 81L6TinTOS: 'having with her the ruthless
turmoil of combat.' Enyo, that is, carries with her as an attendant KUvoLfJbv 8rLor77Tos. Hence KvSoit.dv, as personified, might be written with a
capital letter.
597. c6arXa!vos: should be translated as pred. adj. with subj. of aTy?:
'stands irresolute.' --  tv 7roMos reSiCoo: 'passing over a broad plain.'
598. Wr': 'on the bank of.'
599. The real point of comparison is reached in the gnomic aor. ave6pafye.
601. otov 8i Ocavwoop.Ev: 'how much forsooth we wonder,' implying
that the wonder is unreasonable, as Hector's courage is explained by the
adversative clause (v. 603) r- 8' ai~el rdpa elr ye Oewv.
604. KEZVOS: best translated by the adverb 'there': ' and now there by
his side is,' etc. (cf. r 39I).
605. irpbs Tpcas TETPpaLJi.Cvo: 'with faces toward the Trojans.'
606. pIevaLveiEv: cf. r 459 for another example of an inf. used imperatively. Observe that, as usual in such cases, an imv. precedes.
607. ar.VCv: i.e. 'AXaaiv, who have been implied in SiAoi, v. 6oi.
603. dtv cvl 8SCpp 16ovr: see onv. v60.
610 = 56i.
611 = A 496.
612. Cvl IIaLo-: naia-6s is supposed to be the same place as 'Aaratds,
B 828.
613. ipoipa: for similar reference to fate, whose decree not even
Zeus can alter, cf. vv. 83, 629, A 517.
614.  rVLKoup^cooVTa pe.6a: 'to come as ally to join.'
618. eirl... Xuav: 'showered upon him.'
620. er.rr&o-aTo yx.os: ' drew forth his spear.'
621.   Xca: 'besides,' lit. 'other (beautiful arms).' Ajax recovered
his own spear; he was unable to despoil Amphios of the armor in which
he fell.
623. &aLppamoLV KpaTEP v: ' the stout defence.' Cf. the similar meaning of a&1u13j8f3?cBK   in A 37.
624. gyXe' I XovTes: 'with spears in hand.'
625, 626 = A 534, 535.
627 = 84.
628 = B 653.




280


NOTES.


630 = r 15.
634. WvacS'. join with 'rr'c6a-eri, 'to be skulking here.' —  o-...
wToC: the ptc. and pred. nom., as is usual in Greek, conform to the case
of Tot expressed with &avdyK? rather than to that of the otn, which is mentally supplied as subj. of 7Twa''atOv.
635. +evus6jEvoiC (co-L: 'falsely declare,' for the reason given in the
next verse.
638. AX' otov, KTA.: 'ah, what sort of a hero do they say was the
mighty Herakles!' The gender of oUv riva is masc., the construction
conforming to sense instead of to the grammatical gender of OIbsv 'HpaKA7Xel77v.
610. Herakles was summoned by Laomedon to free his daughter
Hesione from a sea-monster: horses of the wondrous breed mentioned in
v. 265 were to be his reward. Herakles performed the service, but Laomedon withheld the recompense.  Thereupon the hero destroyed Ilios
and slew Laomedon.
641. O'L'S oriv vivo-, KTX.: 'with only six ships and fewer companions'
(than Sarpedon had brought with him).
642. XiPcfiPOE ayvLMs: 'made her streets desolate.'
643. KCKb6S ouV6s: 'thy heart is cowardly.'
645. KapT'pdOS: refers especially to strength. A man may be Kaprepds
without being &AICLAds (aAKap oa-eraOaL! or ayaOds (cf. A 178).
646. vat i oti: bTr6 is here used with dat. of the agent, (cf. r 301).
648. Keivos: 'that hero,' i.e. Herakles.
649. a&pas8iroL: Laomedon's falsehood is called folly, because he was
foolish not to foresee its consequences; for use of pl. cf A 205. -.yavoi
AaooiSovwros: appositive of av'pos.
651. oW8' &ireSco': in prose we should have been likely to have oVir
airosovs.
652. orot: contrasted with ceivos, v. 648. Herakles succeeded, for he
was wronged; not such success shall be thine, 'for thee, I think, death
and dark destruction shall be prepared from my hand.'
653. TrviteoraL: fut. midd. with pass. signif., cf. rexfeoOalt, B 36. — 8ip.Evra agrees with oa, supplied as subj of acreiv.
654. 8$;oeLv: joined by a kind of zeugma in a slightly different sense
to two objects of different meaning.
656. T&v: 'of them (both).'
653. ahEyEiLVl: 'painful,' 'grievous.'
659. KaC'T 64Oap.fiv: 'settling down upon his eyes.'
661. PEPXi^KiEL [efBIeBX6KC(v)].
662. iraTrTp: Zeus, the distinction of being whose son was enjoyed by
Sarpedon alone of all the heroes of the Trojan war. -- rt: suggests
that the protection was not to avail for a long time. Sarpedon is finally
slain by Hector, n 502.




ILIAD V.


28I


663. MSot: 'illustrious.'
665. To: anticipates the inf. fep6acaL.- -r1iep&ra'T' o08' iv&lo-E:
the coupling of two nearly synonymous expressions emphasizes an idea.
666. 64ip' rwp* Cll: 'that he might walk,' perh. with the support of
companions.
667. crrrEvS6vTaov: may be taken as gen. absol., or as gen. of the whole
depending on of Ins. -  rdvov: i.e. labor bllicus.
670. TrXjilova Ovo.bv gXcov: equivalent to the common epithet of Odysseus in the Odyssey, 7roXvTAas.
672. rrpoTrp)o: 'farther,' i.e. entering more deeply into the lines of the
Trojans (cf. r 400).
673. rCv 7rXE6vowv: 'of the larger number,' in contrast to the one,
Sarpedon.
680. KopvOuMioXos: usual epithet of Hector (cf. B 8I6, r 83).
681 = A 495.
682. ot irpoo-L6vrL: 'at his approach.'
686. 9eAXXov: see on B 36.
689. Cf. A 5.
690. irap`'iEgv: 'sprang past,' not heeding Sarpedon's prayer. —
6'4pa  o-raCLo: the inf. would be more natural than the final clause which
is substituted for it (cf. A 465 and A 133). &raLro (wO0w) [&tcEIe].
693. fqtly": this word corresponds in root to Lat.fagus, Engl. beech,
but is not the same'tree; it designates a species of oak with edible acorn.
694.   croE 0tpa<t; 'forced forth,' perh. 'wrenched forth,' strength being required to extract it. The meaning of the radical part of 0bpa(E
({Opa, ' door') is entirely lost in the adverb.
696. kXLirE 4uX1: i.e. 'he swooned.'
698. taypEL: 'revived.' There seem to be two presents (wyp4w, one
meaning to 'capture' (Cwods and aype'w); the other, to 'reanimate' ((C)W
and eyetpw). -  KaKOs KEKo4+'OTa eOv.'v: 'painfully panting out his life.'
700. wrpoTpifrovTo: 'were driven headlong.' — irl vTov: see on &r
poroiv, r 5'
701. &VT+4pOvrO: cf. A 589.
702. eirOovwro: 'learned,' from Diomedes (cf. v. 604).
703. rwpwTov and {bo'Trcov: pred. adjs., 'who was the first and the last
whom,' etc.
704. X&XKEOS: may be taken literally, 'clad-in-bronze' (cf. x XKoXoxlrv),
or may mean ' with sinews of brass,' 'strong.'
705. eiar 8e [LEretra 8e].
706. ALtrXLov: join with Tp'IXOv.
707. auoXo!o(Tp-v: cf. follg. passages: r 185, A I37, I86, 489.
708. "YXI: this place was mentioned B 500, but with v. -- i(Lya puE!k.ts: 'caring much for.'
709. KicEKXAidos: lit. 'leaning upon,' 'adjacent.' — KE trw8t: this




282


NOTES.


L.ke, here named from the Kephisos, which flows into it, was later
called Kopais.
710. Sfipv: 'district.'
711. TroiS: i.e. "EKtcP r7e lpuiduOO  7rdis Kal XdiKeos "Aprs, v. 704.
712. 6XCKovraS: act. voice of the same verb which was used in midd.
A 10.
715. &XLov: pred. adj., 'vain is the promise which we gave.'
716. ~Kwrpo-avrT(a): acc. as in B I 3, 288.
718 = A 418.
719. With this verse begins the OeotuaXla, or 'Battle of the Gods,'
which fills the remainder of the book.
720. XpvoapnrrKas: cf vv. 358, 363. --    roLxoi0Pv9 vrvev: ' stepped
up and began to put to.'
722. a4il' Xieo-o'it: 'on both sides of the chariot,' more closely defined by &ovL &/asils: 'at either end of the axle,' v. 723.
724. XpVOEll: pred. adj. For Fuvs and &4qtros, see A 486, B 46.
725. zrpocrap-1p6Ta: ' closely riveted to it (the felly).'
726. Translate: ' and the hubs revolving at either end (of the axle)
are of silver;' or 7repiSpo/loL may mean ' round.'
728. The chariot body (Slppos) 'is made fast' (evrTaTarL) to the axle
by straps ornamented by plates of gold and silver. -   SoLIl ~vruyes: it
is doubtful whether 'two' &v'ruvys, one on the lower, the other on the
upper, edge of the chariot box, are referred to, or whether 8otai means
'two-fold,' and describes an vrTuv of unusual breadth and size.
729. TOO: governed by f, 'from it (U{ppos) there extended (ire'ev).'
730. 8qo-e: sc. HBr7-    ev 8e, KTX.: 'and upon it (the yoke) she laid
the breast-collar.'
731. vitrb S tuvybv ycyaye: 'brought under the yoke,' language to be
taken literally, for the yoke rested upon the withers of the horses.'
734. iraTpbs irw' o$t8FL: 'on the floor of her father,' i.e. in Zeus's dwelling, in which Athena armed herself with the breastplate of Zeus (XrIrva,
v. 736).
737. TeV'eCr'v: may refer to Athena's usual armor.
738. evo-rvocrCoav: see on B 447.
739. Av ir'pL rir4vTIra +4dos  rrcfLav(oT(aL: 'which Flight encompasses
round about on every side.'
740. iv: 'within,' i.e. on the expanse of the shield.
741. ropydiT: the proper adj. is equivalent to a gen. ropyovs, with
which wireXcpou is in apposition (see on B 54).
743. &alCjcaLXov KVVie'v TETrpca.&Xiipov: 'two-crested helmet with fourfold plate.' Trerpaqd\xppos ((,pdapa, 'cheek-pieces') probably describes
plates of metal, of fourfold thickness, on either side of the helmet extending perhaps from the temples to the neck, and forming an additiona)
defence against lateral blows. A different explanation is given in the
Horn. Dict.




ILIAD   V.


283


744. iKaOTb....  papuiav: 'fit for the combatants of a hundred
cities,' i.e. of colossal size.
745. Notice the regular recurrence of short syllables (a-TXos 6xo5aoKTruho) and the tripping movement of the line. Disregarding the first
syllable, we have an anapaestic movement.
'46. ppLiv Jiya o-nrpapov: the three epithets, following hard upon
one another without conjunctions (asyndeton), emphasize the mighty
weight of the spear.
747. KOTicOreOaL [iKora-77ral].
749. PicKOV: 'grated on their hinges.'-  Exov [fq5xarrov].
751. ve4os: The clouds which separate the lower a'&p from the al'Op
are the gate of heaven. It seems rather a harsh expression to speak of
cloud-gates as 'grating on their hinges,' v. 749.
752. Translate: 'there then straight through them they held their
goaded horses.'
753, 754 = A 498, 499.
755. Cf. vv. 368, 775.
758. oocr —TLOV TE Kal otov: i.e. r' rdrJov re K'al Troov (cf. B 120).
759. &Xos: in apposition with v. 758 (cf. r 50, 5I).
761. &vviVES: 'at having let loose.'
762. i p ri C pLOL KEXOXdOr'CCLL: ' will you then really be wroth with me
at all?' This question follows naturally after the assumed affirmative
answer to the question in v. 757.
763. Xvyps rreXTriyvtcL: cf. with 7rErAr'1y&s &aefceao ' rA?7oyv, B 264.
765. &ypEL p.civ [&ye 5 ].
766. TreAEXcELV 6OSwVfi: cf for the same idea v. 397. Athena as goddess of war is a natural rival of Ares.
768. Cf. v. 366.
770. i8rcrov: acc. of extent of space, and iEposeies agrees with it.
Translate: 'as far into the cloudy-grey (distance) as.'
772. TrOrooov: i.e. the horses covered at each spring a distance as great
as a man's eyes can penetrate into space.
774. o-upPMEXXTov: notice the position of the dual verb between the
two singular subjects.
776. rrovXVv: metrical convenience may explain the employment of
the acc. masc. of the adj. instead of the regular fer. form roMXXv.
778. t01a09': acc. of specification. The two goddesses are compared
to pigeons 'in their gait' because of their short and rapid steps. To the
hero on the other hand is applied the expression juaacp& 0Scvra (cf. r 22).
780. 69X: 'to the place where' (cf. r 45, A 132, 210).
781. Pitqv Alol^fSos: cf. B 387, r o15.t — o'rTarav: 'were standing,'
for in their retreat around Diomedes the Greeks halted occasionally to
fight.
782, 783. For other instances of comparison of heroes to lions and
boars, see A 253, E 299 -   O:K &Xairuvdv6v: litotes.




284


NOTES.


785. Stentor is only mentioned in this one place in the Iliad, yet this
mention is the origin of the familiar adjective 'stentorian.'
786. av8rolaicrice: 'used to shout' (as often as there was occasion).
787. LaL:s: nom. for voc. in exclamation. — KaK' &yXeyXa: see on B
235. -  et8os OCytiTOL: cf. r 39.
i89. TrvuX.Av AapSavdQowv: i.e. ZKcaiv trvA\W  (cf. r I45).
791. &en vruIOC: a comparison with v. 700 shows this to be an exaggeration. The extremes between which the battle oscillated were the
city gates (7ruXaL, v. 789) and the ships vies).
793. TvSei'8 eird6pouo-e: 'hurried up to Tydeides,' not, as in r 379, A
472, with hostile intent.
795. 9XKOS &wvai6XovTa: 'cooling off his wound,' i.e. wiping away
the sweat which increased the pain. — TO6 LV oaXE: see on v. 361 for
double acc.
796.   TiELpE: 'distressed.'
797. T': 'by this,' i.e. by the sweat.
798. avicrXwv: 'lifting up,' so as to get at the wounded part beneath.
800. ot: here reflexive and used as in prose ==sibi.
891. TroL: ethical dat. 'I tell you,' or 'you know.'
802. KaC I' 8-rE irEp: 'and so even when.' The apodosis follows in v.
806, aurTp irpokcaXiETo.
803. vvd6elv 'AXaiLv: 'without (i.e. unaccompanied by) Achaians.' In
A 388 the expression is,oouvos?ev (cf. Agamemnon's account of the same
scene (A 376-400) from which many phrases are here repeated).
801, 805. Cf. A 385, 386.
807. Cf A 389.
803. This verse is a combination of A 390 and E 828. It is inconsistent with v. 802, and weakens the contrast plainly intended between vv.
802 and 8io. Hence there is good reason for rejecting it with Aristarchus.
810. rpoopovpo s: join with KeAo/~a.
812. a&Kt^pL  (a priv. and Ktip): lit. 'without heart,' 'spiritless.'
815. yLyva'oKW: in spite of her appearance in mortal form, as may
be inferred from v. 835.
818. o&o v 4(~TJ-jV w: cf. 1. 27-132.
819. o IL.' et'as: Diomedes replies that he is in precisely the same
situation as was his father Tydeus (cf. v. 802, orK ciaaKov,).
820, 821=vv. I31, 132.
823. dXjilEvat [aAxvyas]: 2 aor. pass. infin. from fiAw (cf. v. 782).
824. itL4Xv avi [&v&a udXrlv]: &ad and atd do not suffer anastrophe
when they follow their object. See Sketch of Dialect, ~ 6.
827. To ye: acc. of specification, lit. 'in respect to this,' 'on that account,' i.e. of the goddess's previous command in vv. 124, I30.
830. arxe8lqv:' in hand handand encounter.' The form is acc. fem. of
an adj. (cf. avwrinv, A 278).




ILIAD V.


285


831. rTVKrbV KGKOV: lit. 'an evil worked out to full completion,' 'a
consummate evil.' The character of Ares is without dignity or worth, in
most unfavorable contrast to that of Athena.
832. irppjlv: the promise here attributed to Ares is not found in the
Iliad. -   or-Tvr' ayope6ov  cXlaOTEo~-ai.: 'was giving to understand by
words (ayopEowv) that he would fight.'
836. iraL;v ipvro-ara: 'having drawn him backward,' i.e. forth from
the open part of the chariot in the rear. --  pIaT7r&osu: 'instantly.'
837. Athena enters the chariot, not as combatant (rapa3adTfs), but as
charioteer.
838.  lEMtaLuLa: cf. v. 142. -- lYLVOS: see on v. 693.
839. &iyEv: 'it bore.'
845. "AiLos KuvviTV: 'the helm of Hades.' This made the wearer invisible, like the fog-cap (Tarn-kappe or Nebel.kappe) of German mythology.
Athena put on this cap that Ares might not recognize her; she would not
have needed it to make herself invisible to men (cf. A 198).
849. LOvs with gen.: 'straight at,' 'straight for.'
851. dpiagro: 'aimed a stroke.'
854. Were we to read nre'p (with Codex Venetus) instead of vir' &K, the
sense would be easier. As the text stands, we must translate: 'and she
caught it with her hand and pushed it aside, so that it flew harmlessly
under and out from (behind) the body of the chariot.'
856. eir-eipELa: 'drove it home.'
857. I.Crpqv: acc. of the thing with Cwvv6'cero, 'was wont to bind
about him (midd. voice) his body-band.' For note on juTpfl, which was
worn next the skin under the (&w/a and wOaT7rp, see on A 137.
858. oTera: see on v. 376 (cf. A 525). Notice the change of subject
between oira and LieSal/ey [8ieKolev]. Sc. with the latter verb sopv.
860. IVweaXLXOL, SEKaiXtLX: shortened forms for EVaKIS XIA101, 8eKtdKis
XI.LoL. The enormous numbers make a burlesque of Ares's pain.
861. {tVVayOVTrs C'pLCSa: cf. B 381.
862. virrr: adv., cf. r 34, A 421.
864, 865. Translate: 'as there forms itself (lit. comes to view) from
the clouds a black fog-mass, when a gusty wind rises in consequence of
the burning heat.'
866. T'OOS: 'such,' i.e. ' so black;' the point of the comparison is the
blackness of the two appearances.
867. Join 6jtoO vepEear'v with 16v: 'as he went with the clouds (in
which he was wrapt).'
868. Portions of this verse are found in B 17 and E 367.
870. &6I3poTov alia: i.e. iX p (cf. vv. 339, 340).
873. TETX\n6-TS EclpiV [reT'Aa'Aev]: cf. r 309, where 7re7rpwuLE'vov fao-r,
e7rpwCTal.
875. ooC: 'against you,' because the acts of your favorite child, Athena, bring us into opposition with you.




286


NOTES.


876. a&i\oXa: seems to be the same word as atouvAa, v. 403. --  PLPL-'Xe: this 2 pf. does not differ in meaning from pres. dxeA&.
878. 8$SLi^p.eo-Oa: pf. with sense of pres., 'are subject to' (cf. r 183).
879.  rpoTLpa&XXeaL: ' dost punish,' lit. 'castest thyself upon.'
830.  Iv.Yets [&avis]: as if from pres. avsie instead of avilqu (see Sketch
of Dialect, ~ 24, I).
885. vivrihVELKav [Vnr~veyrav]. -  i Te KE: cf. r 56.
886. ev veKsoIEo-Ov: Ares, as immortal, could not die, but he might be
severely wounded and be stretched on the battle-field (avTro) among
heaps of corpses (veKadSeaor).
887.  wsos [wds].
890, 891. Cf A I76, I77.
892. &cio-XErov, o-nK irLELKTcV: 'uncontrollable, unyielding,' showing
the opposite qualities to those suggested by v. 878.
894. Tr: 'therefore,' because of the character ascribed to Hera in v.
892.
895. Zeus speedily relents from the feelings expressed in v. 889.
896. yivos: acc. 'by descent.' --  ELo: 'to me,' i.e. 'as my son.'
898. eVepTEPOS [cKarwrepos] OvpovtL.vov: 'lower than the (rebel) sons
of Uranos,' i.e. than the Titans, imprisoned in Tartaros.
899, 900 = 401, 402.
902. eire/yo'Ievos: lit. 'in haste,' o3rd being personified.  Certainly
personification is natural of anything so rapid and mysterious in its operation as rennet or any substitute for it. -  o-uvirilTev: gnomic aorist.
903. 7rEpIpiTITpE cLa KUKO'WVTI: 'thickens on every side as one stirs it.'
906. Contrast this verse with v. 869 (cf. A 405).
908. These goddesses have now done enough to clear themselves of
the charge of supineness which Zeus in Z 8 follg. brings against them.




BOOK         SIXTH.
Ze'ra 8' ap 'AvSpotxcaxlf Eca '"Etropo9 a'O" oapt'rTv'.
In Zeta, Hector profhesies; prays for his son; wills sacrifce.t
Fighting continues after the gods have left the field, but with decreasing
violence (I-II8). Thus room is left for quieter scenes: first, the parley
of Diomede and Glaukos (I19-236), as an illustration of the power of the
bond of guest-friendship; then, the meeting and parting of Hector and
Andromache (370-502), as an illustration of the strength and sacredness
of the marriage tie. Paris's frequent appearance on the scene reminds us
how he had violated both of these bonds.
1. Tpc&ov Kal 'AXaCiQv: join with )vXAorzs. -- O &eO: i.e. Xwpls Oewv
E'yevero. Ares, Apollo, Athena, Iera, and Aphrodite, who had taken
part in the combat in E, have now withdrawn.
2. IreCOlo: for gen. see on B 785. --  e-0vo-: Ol6vvw from iOvs [evO6s],
lit. 'go straight.' Translate: (v. 2) 'and the tide of battle set in many
directions over the plain, now this way, now that.'
3. &XXil\Xv: gen. of object aimed at (cf. A Ioo). As subject of ptc.
supply a word meaning 'combatants.'
4. Join this verse with Mva-e in v. 2. The caesura in the verse indicates that ZUdIeYvos is not dependent upon podwv, but is governed by
ernrt1yvs [/eFTatv].
6. +4ois 90I1KEV [aw-rTptav Eroitoa-ev]: lit. 'caused a light,' i.e. 'let in a
gleam of light.'
7. &PO-Tros: in proportion to the valor and size (76Tv re fu'yav re) of
Akamas was the relief which Ajax brought to his companions (p6ws
'7OKev) by slaying him. -  TrcUKTO [EyevTro: plupf. 3 sg. from teXWv.
9-11 = A 459-461.
12. tIre+vc: redupl. 2 aor. from stem pev-, 'kill' (see on A 397).
14. &+VELObS PLOTOLO: cf: Vergil's dives ozum, Aen. I, 14.


I Chapman's couplet is not a translation, it will be observed, of the Greek hexameter
which stands above it.




288                         NOTES.
15. 68CS E[rL [e6' 6s]: 'upon the road,' so that all wayfarers must pass
by his dwelling.
16. Translate: 'but not one of them all (i.e. the many whom he had
entertained, T'r&vy  referring to 7rdvras) warded off from  him (lit. 'for
him,' see on A 566) sad destruction.' There is pathos in the thought of
how little return he received, in the hour of need, for all his kindness to
others.
17. rrp6croEv: may refer to time or to place: 'having first (prior to
Axylos) faced Diomede;' or 'having faced Diomede in front of him
(Axylos),' i.e. for Axylos's protection.
19.   fTivCoxos: see Hom. Dict. — Yyaiav EvrTiv: 'they went below
the earth.'
21. P31 p$ E~Tl: 'and went after,' i.e. to overtake (see on A 222).
22. vTis: 'Naiad,' derived from vdw, 'flow.'-  'Apappapoip: perh. a
compound of a priv. and f'dpopos, 'mud.' Thus the meaning would be
'Clear-water.'
24. crKOTLOV Se' yedvao JL^TlP: 'and his mother bare him in secret.'
25. lroLa.aCvov: in the same way as Paris kept his father's flocks on
Mt. Ida. --  LAXo'7p'T  Kal. EvJ:' cf. r 445.
27. virnXvorE: 'relaxed underneath;' the preposition is used with
special reference to?yia, which here equals ydvara (see on r 34).
32. evijpa-ro: I aor midd. from?valpw.
34. VuppeCTao: the doubling of the p in this word is the indication of a
lost consonant. The orig. form of the root of pew was apv-.
37. pohv &.OyaOs: see on B 408.
38. aLruo^levo rreSLoLo: 'fleeing bewildered over the plain.'
39. IIvpLKCi: adj formed from tvpiKo, Lat. myrica, 'tamarisk,' a shrub
mentioned as abundant in the Trojan plain.
40. The entanglement (fxAaceO're) of v. 39 is the cause of the breaking (acurIT[e]) of v. 40. The horses were attached to the chariot only by
means of the yoke, so that the shattering of the 'fore part of the pole '
(7rpTrc p AUvSI,) would set them free. Cf Plate I in Hom. Dict.-  avrr
iv: i.e. the horses, in contrast with the chariot which they left behind.
41.  ' TrEp oL &dXXo, Krx.: 'by the very same road by which the others
(horses and men) were fleeing bewildered.'
44. SOXLX<6KLOV 9YXOS: cf. r 346.
45. Connect yovvcwv with xaaf3v.
46. gdypeL: 'take me alive,' i.e. 'spare my life.' The plea for life is
based, however, on the ransom which he offers. The emphatic portion
of the verse follows the caesura (cf. E4aL &roiva, A 23).
47. iv a&bvELOir raTrpo's: the first example in the Iliad of the ellipsis, so
common in prose, of the word 'house.'
49. Tav K4V TOL Xmalp-CrrTo: ' of which things my father would gladly
give to thee.'




ILIAD VI.


289


50. 7rEiw60oLo:   redupl. 2 aor. from wvvOdvouaL. The thing learned
is here something about a person, 'that I was alive' (cf. A 257).
51.  rctL9O: ' sought to persuade' (contrast the force of the aor. in v. 61,
where the counter-persuasion of Agamemnon is successful).
52. TXA i^peXXe: ' was just on the point.'
53. KracLTe,Uev: Kcara suggests the direction 'down to the sea;' the
form is I aor. with intermediate vowel e instead of a (cf. F Io5).
54. 4joAKXAia-s: implies a loud tone of reproach and reproof.
55. a 'zriCov, Ci MevikXae: the repetition of the interjection suggests
haste and eagerness. -  i [5?1].
56. dvSpwv: used for avSpos, an exaggeration for the sake of effect.
r_ Qro, Krx.: ironical reminder to Menelaos of the wrongs which he
had suffered from the race, one of whom he seemed about to spare.
59. KoVpov: lit. 'a (male) youth,' here simply a designation of sex,
'a male child, etc.' --- p8' os; rel. used as demonstrative, 'let not
even him.'
60. AKiSEcrToL Kal &CaVTOrL: both adjectives are used proleptically;
translate: 'let them perish out of Ilios without burial and without leaving
a trace behind' (cf A 39, I26).
62. aur'pia rrapcirrwv: 'urging (upon him) what was proper' (cf. for a
different meaning of the verb, A 555).
64..veTpirTwer': 'fell back' (cf. u'rtrOS Ereo-Ev, A io8).
65. X& Iv o'rOeoeot PSs: 'planting his heel on his breast.
67 = B io.
68. e7rLpaXXo'1Jevos: 'throwing himself upon,' the gen. gvdpwv depends
upon the preposition in composition. G. 177, H. 583.
70. 'r.i: refers to Evdpwv.
71. o-XiO-erTe: fut. with potential force (cf. A 137, B 203, 367. The
verb as a verb of depriving takes the double accusative of the person and
the thing. -  veKpov's 'reOvEra.: cf. a similar expression in King James's
Version: 'In the morning they were all dead corpses.' 2 Kings, xix. 35.
73. vw' 'AxaoLv EiroaveP3qav: 'would have been driven (forced to go
up) into Ilium by the Achaians.' The gen. of the agent is often used
after verbs which though not passive are equivalent to passives (see on
A 242).
74. avaXKCiCe'c-: 'on account of their failure to defend themselves.'
76. Cf. A 69.
78. Tp'oWv Kal AulKCov: connect with tu;t [vlTZV].
79. i'vv: orig. meaning 'motion,' 'direction;' hence 'undertaking.'
80. o-rTrr acvrov: 'take your stand here.' — epvUKi'erE: 2 aor. imv.
with peculiar redupl. (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ I5, 2). A last effort is to
be made before the city gates to stay the flight of the panic-struck multitude.
81. trroLx6,~voL: cf. A 31-. -- rpv at..  WEO..ni: 'before they




290


NOTES.


fall again (implying their habitual effeminacy) in flight into the arms of
their wives.' -XxpWtt: 'exultant joy' (cf r 51).
84. ricetis piv: 'we,' i.e. Helenos and the other Trojan chiefs, except
Aeneas and Hector. /dv is correlative with Tadp in v. 86.
86. 7-r6\Lv8e IExe'PXeo: for /eT EpXot/aL used in somewhat different sense
with acc. of direct obj.,,f. E 429.  il 8', KTX.: the predicate is the infin.
OEivai in v. 92, which equals Oerw, and therefore, like any finite verb, requires its subject in the nominative case (see on A 21). Translate: 'let
her collect into the temple the old women and lay,' etc. -  yepacis [ypas,
ace. pl.]: an adj. form occurring only in this book and corresponding exactly to the masc. yepai6s [-yepcv], A 35.
88. vro6v [veWv]: ace. of limit of motion (cf. A 322, r 262). — IrwXe
&KpE,: i.e. atpor'dXet.
92. iw -yoivacL-: the mantle was to be laid 'upon the lap' of the
image of Athena. The statue may be thought of as a rude wooden one,
like that in the Erechtheum at Athens. Such images were called o'ava.
Statues of Athena usually represented the goddess in standing posture.
94. ijvs [lfvias]: La Roche and Hentze both prefer the meaning
'sleek' to the old rendering 'yearling.'- -KiEracs: compounded of a
privative and KievCw-, lit. 'that have not felt the goad,' i.e. 'unbroken.'
98. aX KEV &idoXo-i: states more definitely what is meant by aY a' 'e?7op-,
in v. 94. Both verbs may be brought together in translation thus: 'in
case she may show pity in keeping off' (see on A 67).
97. p^do"rTpa cj6pOLO: cf. A 328.
98. KC.pTio-TOV;AXCLLV: cf E I03 where Diomedes is called 6pLo-Tos
'Axatov, sharing this title with Achilles, A 244.
99. Translate: 'not even Achilles did we formerly (i.e. before his
withdrawal from the Greek host in consequence of his quarrel with Agamemnon) so much fear.'
100. 8v..   J. eIIEVaL: 'who, however, they say is the child of a goddess;' the gen. OEas depends upon the prep. in composition.
101. tro+qapCeitv: differs little from v. I. avvTipEPLfi'ELY  'vavrtEIpeofQas
(see on A 589).
103-106 = E 494-497.
108. +av 8e: 'for they thought' (cf. r 28).
110. Cf. v. 66.
113. 6bdp' &v jpa [eCws &a Bac]: 'until I go.'-  y4povorL povXeutrriL:
i.e. 8fioyEpova'i.
115.  KcaTodacs: the number of cattle sacrificed is mentioned in v. 93
as twelve. The largest number of victims mentioned in Homer as actually sacrificed is eighty-one (Odyssey, y 8).
117. 0iL 8,: 'and on both sides,' i.e. 'above and below.'- o-uvpa
Kal avXe'va: definitive appositives of uaLv, the object of Tr7rre. Translate:
'and above and below the black ox-hide was smiting him upon neck and




ILIAD VI.


29I


ankles.' Hector carried his shield upon his back suspended by a strap
which passed around his neck.
118. Translate: 'a rim, which ran round the outer edge (lit. 'as outer
edge,' wuJrvaXr) of the bossy shield.' &vTrv is in partitive apposition with
Sep/.  The outer edge of the Septua was the VT7Vv.
119. Here begins the splendid episode of the meeting of Glaukos and
Diomedes. A reason for introducing it may have been to give Diomedes,
who had performed prodigies of valor in E, a sufficient occasion to withdraw from the field.
121 =r 5.
123. Diomede's ignorance who Glaukos was seems strange in the
tenth year of the war, yet not so strange as Priam's inability to recognize
Agamemnon and other leaders of the Greeks (of. r I66 follg.). It may be
added that Glaukos is not one of the most prominent of the Trojan chiefs.
Diomede is already known to Glaukos (cf. v. I45).
126. 6 r [ioTt -e]: see on A 244. The clause o T'... LELvas explains
6cpo-e.
127. Svori-qvov 'racEs: ' (only) sons of wretched fathers,' i.e. of those
doomed to lose their children. -- 'VTLoo'Wtr [avTLciaL]: see on A 31.
130. ov58 yap oive: 'for by no means,' negation strengthened by
doubling the negative. -  AVKdopyos [Avicopyos]: a Thracian king who
excluded the worship of Dionysos (Lat. Bacchus) from his land and drove
Dionysos himself into the sea. In punishment he was blinded, and soon
after lost his life.
131. 8^yv fv: adv. in predicate where an adj. (6rva7os) seems more
natural, 'was long-lived,' 'lived long' (see on A 416).
132. PaLvo}i.voio: 'madly-raving.' -- rL0vas: lit. 'nurses,' i.e. the
frenzied women (often called 'maenads,' tpabvouat) who celebrated the
orgies of Dionysos.
133. Nvcr4Lov: ' Nysa' is said to have been a mountain in Thrace.
134. 0vrokXa: this word, derived from Ovw, 'to sacrifice,' may include
all the sacrificial implements, but refers primarily to the ' 7Tyrsi' or
staffs with ends fashioned like a pine-cone, which were borne by the
priests or servants of Dionysos. --  cvSpo'dvoLo: epithet used on account
of his attempted violence upon Dionysos and his attendants.
135. In this and the two following verses Dionysos is represented as
a cowardly god, fearing an angry man.
138. T(r: 'with him,' i.e. 'against him,' refers to Lykourgos.
141. ov8' &v... 9eXoLLL: 'and I would not (in view of the short life
of all who have attempted it) wish to fight with gods.'
143. 6ok9pov rdCpaCaL: see Hom. Dict. under 7re'pap.
146. TorC 8 Kal av&vpv: 'such on the other hand also is that of men.'
147. 'r&.ev has for its correlative XAa 5e instead of a Hr Se. - XEL:
'strews.'




292


NOTES.


148. 8' iriyCyvE'ra: parataxis instead of gtE SrY77ypvra*.
149. In this verse we have an exact parallel to the construction in v.
147: the whole, yeve, is in the same case as its two parts,? /ev and X Be.
150. 8aSfLEvaL: translate inf. as imv.: 'learn even this,' trifling as the
matter is.
151. wroXXol 8e.... i'oacv: may be considered as an instance of
parataxis.
152. "EOr-TL rdXLs 'EEvjpq: with the form of this verse, especially with
its beginning, many famous descriptive passages may be compared, e.g.
Vergil's Aen. I, 5, Dante's Inferno, canto V. v. 97. Ephyre is the older
name of Corinth. - The phrase.vyX "Apyeos means 'in a recess of the
Peloponnesus,' for which large division of Greece, by metonymy, 'Apyos
is often used. See Hom. Dict. under "Apyos.
153. Xio-vuos: the proper name is perhaps formed by reduplication
from the adj. (roops.
155. BEXXMpoO6vTrtv: the scholiast explains that the orig. name of
Bellerophon was Hipponoos, but that, after slaying by accident a Corinthian named Belleros, he fled to Proitos to be purified from the taint of
blood.
156. 'lvopE'-v IpaETclvv': 'lovely manhood.'
157. The second foot of this verse is a spondee, the last syllable of
abradp being long on account of the a and F properly belonging to oL.
159. Connect 'Apyeitwv, as the punctuation indicates, with 6/uou.
160. TrC: best joined with irE/dt'varo (/laivo/lai), 'was madly in love
with him.'
162. arEi0(e): ipf. of unsuccessful attempt, 'was trying in vain to persuade.'
163. +teurap.vr: 'having devised a falsehood.'
164. TEOvoC.is ^ KOKTCaVE: 'mayst thou be dead or slay,' i.e. 'I wish
thee dead unless thou slay' (cf. A I8-20). The successive steps by
which the form Ka'tKfave is reached are: iKardKcrave, (KaTKave)), (KaKKtcrav),
MaKTave.
165.  a' [/uo]: see on A 170.
167. (crEcpao-'aO yap TO yE Ovw6: i.e 'his conscience forbade that;'
for Bellerophon was tevos, and to kill him would have been the act of an
aokl8s.  pE(ias describes the reverential regard for what is proper in the
sight of gods and men.
168.  -iqarcLta Xvypa6: the art of writing was certainly little practised in
the Homeric age, hence o-^caTa is to be translated 'signs' or 'characters,'
not ' letters.'-  ypia4a$s 01-upo+0pa cLrokX: ' having scratched many lifedestroying symbols,' i.e. various scenes were scratched upon the inner
sides of the folded tablet, all of which had murder as their subject.
170. wrEv9ep(: i.e. lobates, the father of Anteia.
171. atviJ.ovW wrojvrri: a&u/Auov, usually an epithet of persons, is used




ILIAD VI.


293


here in a conventional sense, and the phrase means nothing more than
'safe-conduct.'
172. E4vOov IovTaw: differs little from -advOoo poowv, v. 4.
174. iipcuarev: orig. meaning, 'make holy;' derived meaning, 'slaughter. ' —  vvfi.ap,;vvia: nine is a favorite Homeric round number (cf. A
53). A fresh bullock was offered, and eaten, each day.
175. Cf. A 493.
176. ipiELvE: it was a part of the etiquette of the Horn. times to first
entertain the stranger, and then question him as to his country and purpose. --  r-IL.a (repeated in v. I78) refers to a pictured scene. We are
left to make the inference that Bellerophon had told Iobates that he was
the bearer of a o-'Iua from Proitos.
177. oi: 'for him,' i.e. for Iobates. -  4poLro: (midd.)'bore with
him.'
180. 7wrE+vIL E  [Erfpv7v]: redupl. 2 aor. infin. from stem  pEv-, 'slay.'
— As the adj. Oetov equals a gen. pl. OE6v, the gen. avOpio7rwv follows
naturally (see on B 54).
181. This verse is thus translated into Latin by Lucretius, De Rerum
Natura, V, 902: Ante leo, postrema draco, media ipse Chimaera.
182. 8ELVoV: join with Pevos.
183. OEwv TrEpfiEO'L rLOiT^caS: cf. A 398.
184. XoXvPLoLrL: the Solymoi were a warlike people on the borders of
Lykia.
185. KapTrColrv: in Engl. such a pred. adj. is best translated by inserting a relative clause: 'he said that this battle with heroes (avSpCiv)
was the hardest-fought into which he had entered.'
186. 'Ap,&govas: cf. r I89.
187. {ia4ve: the subject changes from Bellerophon to Iobates (cf. r
212).
189. EioE \6Xov: 'he set an ambush.' For the estimate in which service in an ambuscade was held, cf. A 227.
191. yCyvCOwKE: the ipf. tense suggests that the knowledge came gradually, forced upon Iobates by the successive exploits of Bellerophon,
which implied divine favor and aid.
193. ALLtoru TRJL]S: the royal rights thus shared were: sovereignty;
claim to presents from subjects (!ypas); a special plot of land (TreIEvos).
194. KaI 1.dv [MIyv]: 'and in truth.' --  Ti}Vos: cognate acc. after
Tduov, of which it contains the root 'retA-, Tray-. Thus relEvos = Trd6ros a&roreTrL77rjLf OS.
195. VTrLaXLfs: gen. limits erfYvos understood, with which KacAv agrees.
196. hi 8: refers to OvyaTrpa, v. 192.
199. SIapwrSova: thus it appears that Sarpedon and Glaukos, mentioned together B 876, were cousins.
200. aXX' 86t 8^: recurs four times in succession vv. 172, 175, 191. -
Kal Ketvos: 'he also,' i.e. Bellerophon as well as Lykourgos, v. 140.




294


NOTES.


201. KCir: by apocope and assimilation from   KaTd. -  'AXMLov: a
word chosen, no doubt, for its resemblance in sound to &AXA-o, from which
Aristarchus considered that it was derived; others connect with a priv.
and xLtov, 'harvest,' and translate: 'barren waste.' Vv. 200, 202-205
interrupt the connection and may be interpolations. Cicero translates
vv. 200, 20I, in the Tusculan Disputations, III. 26, as follows: " Qui
miser in campis maerens errabit Aleis, Iose situm cor edens, hominzum
vestigia vi ans."
203. "Apqs &CTS oTroXeLoLO KMT&'KTaVE: 'Ares, insatiate in combat, slew,'
is a poetic way of saying 'they fell in war.'
205. Xpvri-vios: if connected with %iva, 'reins,' might refer to the
'bands' or ' sash' by which bow and quiver were suspended. See Horn.
Dict. for a different explanation of the word.
207. Ui&Xa rroXX&: 'very earnestly' (f. A 229).
208, 209. These splendid verses should be learned by heart. They
were evidently in the mind of Herodotus when he wrote, vii. 53, &v8pas
'ytveoa'O  ayaOovs' Kacal l KaIrafOaXV'YeLv 'r 7lrpcrO-e spyaoe'a IlepaOfpoL.
213. KaTE'ii~Ev: 'planted,' thrusting the butt, or aauvpwT-p, into the
ground (of. F 135).
215.  J pai vu: 'now then in very truth.'_ — rcaXads: ' of old time.'
The passage vv. 215-236 is most interesting as a description of the relation of guest-friendship in the Homeric times.
217.  ELVLO"' Epiias: 'entertained and kept;' the aor. ptc. here designates an action not prior to, but contemporaneous with, the principal
verb.
219. twoo-Tqpa: see on A 132 follg.
220. s8Jras a&iKiVWrEXXov: see on A 585.
221.  JLV [aTo']: used in ntr. gender, which happens but rarely (see
on A 237.-   iv: 'as I went (to the war).'
222, 223. These verses have been thought an interpolation; they manifestly interrupt the connection. -  KdXX-rre [KaTeX7re]: 'left behind,' i.e.
in Argos when he went to take the lead of the expedition of the Seven
against Thebes.
224. +CXos: see on A 20.
225. TrV: i.e. AvKLwv, which is readily suggested by AuKcp.
226. Kal 8' 6ltXov: 'even in the press of conflict,' where they could
less clearly distinguish one another.
227. irCKOupOL: see on B I30.
228. KTECVtEV: depends on -roAXol huof (deriv).
230. Kal otl8e: 'these also,' i.e. the hosts of Trojans and Achaians who
are thought of as having paused to witness the meeting and parley of
Diomedes and Glaukos.
233. Xetpas &XMXiXov kaprlqv: more usual would be XElpJv a&x.fjAovs
AaB3T7)v. Translate the verse: 'they grasped each other's hands and
plighted faith to one another.'




ILIAD VI.


295


236. XpQvaEC XaXKECov: this became a proverbial expression in Greek
literature for an unequal exchange.
237. The episode of Diomedes and Glaukos is now ended, and the
narrative is resumed from v. II8, where it was broken off.
239. ~ipoL~EVaL: ErpouLai [EpoyaL] is used here rather in the sense of Te'w,
'seek for,' than in that of epwrdoa, 'question.' -  gras: from nom. sing.
CT71S.
240. 1roi-Las: final syllable used as long in arsi (cf. A 76, E 485).
243.  Co-Trs calOov'ro-L: lit. 'with polished porches,' i.e. 'with porches
of polished stone.' The dat. may be explained as dat. of means, the
porch being a part of the palace and necessary to its completeness.
244. Cf. Aen. II, 503, quinquaginta illi thalami.
247. KovpCovV: join with OdaAauo in follg. v. It is only of the married
sons and daughters of Priam that the apartments are mentioned. Hector
and Paris have palaces apart (cf. vv. 313, 317).
251. av0a takes up the connection from   v. 243. —.  irLo8opos: lit.
'kindly-giving,' may be compared in signification with Lat. alma. -
ivawvri9 jXO6E: obviam ivit.
252. Laodike was previously mentioned, r I24.
253. Cf A 513 and 361.
254. XLrtrv: the emphasis is on the ptc.
255. 8vcvuJoOL: lit. 'not to be named,' 'accursed' (cf. Lat infamis).
256. oa 8' &aviKEv: parataxis, where, in later Greek, we might have
had a clause denoting result. --  'voaSe: join with dAXdvT(a).
257.    d Kplqs rorXLos: connect with avapcaxew. The temple of Athena
was in the Acropolis.
258. IECKCo [EvfKcw]: translate by fut. pf. indic.
260. 6vijo-EL: translate independently of Ws as a new statement.
261. iEya a/eeL; translate Ie'-ya as adv. or as pred. adj.: 'increases
mightily,' 'renders great' (cf. B 414).
262.... KiKiKaCLS: suggested by KicEKtq nI. The connection may
be thus given: wine inspirits a wearied man, 'and (lit. since) thou art
weary.'
264. &etpE: lit. 'raise,' i.e. 'offer to drink.'
265. airoyuLdnris: lit. 'take away strength of limb,' 'unnerve.' Hector's mother offers him wine with a twofold object: to restore his
strength, and that he may pour out an oblation to the gods. He refuses
for two reasons: he fears that it will unman him, and it is not fit to make
oblations with unwashen hands. This last sentiment may remind one of
David's words, i Chron. xxii. 8.
269. &yEcXels: see on A 128.
270.  EviearaL [Ovauias]: 'with burnt-offerings.' The form implies a
nom. sing. 80os.
272. rTOL arjj [foar].
271-278 = 90-97.




296


NOTES.


280. pCcr~tiEroopa: fAerd in composition has here the same meaning
as /AETd used alone with acc. (see on A 222).
281. cLt6vTos: sc. 4#oO, and translate 'hear my voice.' &s (accent because of following enclitic) is here a particle of wishing [FcE]. ice is not
elsewhere found with opt. of desire (cf. A 182). -  aiL [auTvrO]: i.e. 'on
this very spot and at this very moment.'
283. Tloi T.E rraLori: cf. A 28.
284. KEitvv 'ye: 'him at least,' i.e. 'him, though no one else.' — "AiSos
Ecr-w: see on r 322, where 8Juov, which is governed by efa'w, is expressed.
285. 4)aiCv KE: 'I might think' (cf B 37). It can hardly be decided
whether pfpeva is to be taken as the subject of EKAEXSAaOr al, or as acc. of
specification.
286. iroTr peiyap(a): i.e. 'into the apartments within,' for hitherto she
has been in the court.
290. Xs8oviov: Sidon was an older city than Tyre, which is not mentioned in Homer. Paris is said by Herodotus (ii. ii6) to hlav been driven
by storms, first to Egypt and then to Phoenicia, on his return with Helen
from Sparta to Troy.
292. &vryacyev: the same word is employed as in r 48.
294. Iro-LKCkXapc: 7roLKiA/uara refers to patterns worked in colors representing some martial scene (cf. r I26).
295. vCawros: probably an old superlative of veos. Cf., in meaning,
Lat. novissimus in the sense of ' last.' Here 'lowermost,' lying at the bottom of the chest as the most valuable.
298. OE~cLv: previously mentioned E 70.
303. Cf.v. 92.
304. EoXAOvrIl: the ptc. as joined with;paro signifies that the prayer
was audibly uttered (cf. A 450).
307-309. Cf. the nearly identical vv. 93-95.
311. &vlvvuv: see on A 514.
313. 8sara: used in different meaning from  /ccua, v. 3x6. The former designates the entire palace; the latter the men's apartment, or
l/fLyapov.
314. Civ &avSp&4o: ' with the aid of men.'
316. akiXv: the auA', 'enclosed yard' or 'court,' is reckoned as a part
of the palace, the parts of which are named in this verse.
317. IIpLci.oLo TrC KIa"EKxropos: abridged expression for 8&wldrtov rpidOltO, KTX.
320. rwep: ' round about,' i.e. about the junction of shaft and bronze
spear-point.
321. iv OaX&pt: 'in the women's apartment,' as in r 391. --  9rovra:
gerf and CeroFla, 'to be busy with' and 'to follow,' are act. and midd.
voices of the same verb, and from the same root as Lat. sequor.
822. &dxwovra: 'handling,' to test and see if fit for battle.




ILIAD     VI.                       297
324.  r'EpKXArXwr  flpya: 'famous handiwork,' i.e. woven fabrics. ---
KXAeVE: used with acc. of the thing and dat. of person, like  7ri'raTaa  or
rmeri- Xov. See on B 50.
326. ScaLLdVLE: see on A 56I. -XdXov: 'resentment.' Hector thought
that Paris had retired from the combat on account of resentment against
the Trojans for being willing to surrender him according to the compact
of F.
229. Cf., for meaning of appESe'SqLe, B 93; for meaning of,/aXe'oa'o, E
875.
330.   uO.eLrma iroXLi.o: cf. A 240.
331. Ova [avdoariOi]: anastrophe takes place when a preposition stands
for the preposition in composition with a verb. The verb may be other
than el/.i. -  rupos: for gen. see on B 415.
332, 333 = r 58, 59.
335. Tpwxwv: obj. gen. after XdSA  and Yevo'o-, ' out of resentment and
indignation against the Trojans.' -   TO'croov implies a correlative 'orov,
which might have been expressed in the following verse thus: go0ov eOeXwv,
where, instead, we have 'eXov ' e.
336. &XEi: dat. after 7rpoTpar&e'oat, 'devote myself to grief,' i.e. at his
defeat by Menelaos.
338-340. These verses describe the same feeble, vacillating character
which is portrayed in r 448 follg. Cf especially the sentiment vltrl 8
lra/eiSerS a,vSpas with r 440.
340. 8v>: subj. of exhortation.
342. Hector's haste to enter the combat prevents any reply.
344. Helen's expressions of self-abhorrence in this verse are similar
to those in r 173.
345. sIqaTr Tr S6Ti: f. B 743, r I89.
346. otXEc-0arL rpo<4povora: 'to have borne away.' Cf. for similar
force of ofxeorOai, best translated by an adv., B 71; cf. also C8av qppovTrs,
A 391.
348. &v is omitted with aWr(F)~Epre.
349. Tr(KEipaVTO: 'appointed,' decreed.'
350. c'wErLa: 'then,' i.e. 'in that case,' as a kind of compensation.
351. Translate: 'who had a sense for reproof and the many taunts of
men.'
352. TOUT-: used contemptuously as in v. 363. — 4InrESOL: lit. 'firm,'
i.e. 'discreet' (cf. 7rucvds, B 55).
353. icravpalcro-o0L: i.e. 'will reap the fruit of his doings' (cf. A 410).
356. Cf. r Io.
357. As iri does not suffer anastrophe, it is plain that it is to be joined
with i0ce.
360. Kicie;E: ' seek to make me sit down.' -  o81 irrEao'eLs: possibly an
example of parataxis, 'and (for) you shall not persuade me.'




298


NOTES.


361. bwero-inaL y85p' liraup.vo: the inf. would be more usual than the
final clause with ippa. But the latter is often used interchangeably with
the inf. (see on A 133).
362. pya: join with iroOhrv 'XCV-V =r00oo0aV.
368. Sao-J.wov: assimilated form instead of the contracted fut. Saluw-rv.
369 = v. II6.
370. Ei vaLerdovras: lit. 'pleasantly dwelling,' i.e. 'pleasant to dwell
in' (cf v. 497).
373.  rv'pyw: the 'tower' above the Scaean gate (cf. r 145, I54).
374. ivsov: 'within (the house).'
375.  ''rnr1 wrr' oivSv idLv: 'he went to the threshold (of the women's
apartment) and stood.'-  81owio a: dat. after the verb /ferCErtrev, 'spoke
to the maid-servants.'
378. The genitives in this and the following v. are explained as in v.
47. -  tvaTEppov: 'wives of husband's brothers,' a remoter relationship
than that of -yaAxwv, 'husband's sisters.'
385. iXdarKovaOVT: conative present, ' are trying to propitiate.'
387.  LEyac KpaTOS EtVQL [f4eya Kpa'rTeZ]: 'to be far superior.'
388.  l p.v 8' 'rpbs TI'ros i ELyoiEtvq  CLKY4VEi: see (a5), she is just
arriving in haste at the wall.'
389.  Catvopl4vI ELKuVia: 'like a Maenad.' This phrase defines more
closely TrELyo/f7.'7.
391. KaT': has here its proper force, ' down along,' i.e. from the Acropolis to the gate.
392. erTE: no conjunction is coupled with esre as so often with &re,
Ws, or Tire[, e.g. a&AA' 're 8 (cf. vv. 296, 242, 19I, 178, 175, 172).
393. 8iei.XEvaL [ieZ&eva]].
394. wroXk8'opos: 'richly dowered,' either with gifts from husband or
from father.
396. 'HETCov: should naturally be gen. in apposition with'HeIREwos of
the preceding verse, but it is attracted into the case of the follg. rel. by
what is called inverse attraction. Plakos is thought of as a spur, or offshoot, of Mt. Ida.. 397. KXiLKCo-or: the KiLtces here mentioned are entirely different
from the people of the same name near Syria.
398. Notice the play on the similarity of the words Exero "EKcropI,
'was held, as wife, by Hector (lit. 'Holder,' 'Keeper'). Examples of
the dat. of agent with a passive verb are not infrequent; see on r 301.
400. viJrLov ac&i-os: 'a mere infant,' see on r 220.
401.   XCyKLov: fva\yt'yKov is more common (c]. E 5).
402. ZKaLavs8PLOv: similarly, in A 474, we had  hA#oelatov, a proper
name formed from the river Simois.
403. 'ACAruIval'Ta: 'the prince of the city.' The name was given to
the babe as signifying what his father was above all others.




ILIAD VI.


299


404. catoir: join with 1d8v, 'looking in silence upon his child.'
406 = 253.
407. AapyAVLE: see on B I90.
409. orei: gen. of separation after Xjp7, which is properly an adj. (cf.
B 289; cf. also v. 432).
410. rd4lvrEs: 'in a body.'
411. &aacaprovCrn: 'lacking,' 'deprived of;' the ordinary meaning
is: 'to fail in a spear-stroke.' — s8U.Eva [8vvai].
412. eaXkircop: 'cheer,' lit. 'warmth.' Sc., with &'ra-, 4oi. --  r6 ye:
there is the strongest possible emphasis on ou (cf below, for a similar
emphasis, vv. 429, 430).
417. r6 ye EcpaLowraLo: cfv. v. 67. Achilles here showed a scruple
which he did not show in his treatment of the body of Hector.
419. irl a-%,ua 1XEcE [aua Jarf'XEL]: 'raised over him a mound of earth.'
xeco means 'strew,' 'scatter,' as well as 'pour.' oai/Ia is acc. of effect.
Andromache dwells on the circumstances of her father's death and burial,
thus keeping before us her loss.
421. ot 8i (wot, KicA.: for a similar arrangement of relative and antecedent clause, cf. r 132.
422. La [evt(: cf. A 437, where the accent is paroxytone.
424. eirr... 6oteo-: cf. v. 25.
425. pa-riCXuEv: 'was queen.'
426.  Jyacy: 'brought (as slave).' -  &f,' M.XOLO- KTTE&crErL: women
were reckoned, as slaves, among 'possessions.'
427. Cf A 20.
428. iraTpds: i.e. Andromache's grandfather, in whose house her
mother, after being ransomed, died a sudden death (cBdx' YApTreLs loXealpa).
429. "EKTOP: the vocative is brought, for the sake of emphasis, before
the conjunction (cf. v. 86).
430. OaXepos: lit. 'blooming;' here, perhaps, 'stalwart.'
432. O^iIs [O8rs]: 2 aor. subj. from,rfO/A (see Sketch of Dialect, ~ 24,
3).
433. ipCtvov: the great 'wild fig-tree ' (Epivos) stood near the Scaean
gates, and was one of the landmarks of the Trojan plain.
434. &L3PaTros [avda-ros]: 'easily scaled.'-  ewiS8poflov wkrXero trExos:
'the wall was made open to attack.' There was a legend that Aiakos, the
grandfather of Achilles, had labored with Poseidon and Hephaistos upon
the walls of Troy, and that the part made by him was not impregnable.
435. iErrpicrcev': ' have tried (an assault).'
438. NeowpowrCov: ntr. pl. of adj. ONo'rpdriros. That they were guided
by some 'intimation from the gods ' (Oeo'rpdriov) is inferred because they
chose this point for assault.
439. 17roTp6vEi Kal av&Cye: the present tenses suggest that still another
attack is expected.




300


NOTES.


443. Connect roAeXJoio with vrait: 'remote from the combat.'
444. oiv8... &vwyEv: i.e. 'my heart forbids.'
446. apvvJ.Evos: see on A 159. Cf. with ifbv a'rov, meum  ipsius in
Latin, and see on B 54.
447-419 = A I63-I65.
450. Tpxw&v dAyos: 'the woe of the Trojans.' -  6orioo-o: 'in time to
come.'
453. itr' &vSpcdo;: dat. denotes the agent, and is to be translated like
ir6 with gen. (see on A 242).
454. o-rE: subjective gen. limiting &Xyos.
455. dlyIa: lit. 'carry with one's self,' 'carry off' (cf. r 93).
456. irpbs dXklls: 'at the bidding of another,' i.e. not at her own free
will as in r 125.
457. Carrying water was a large part of the occupation of slaves; cf.
the Old Testament phrase, 'hewers of wood and drawers of water.' One
living in our times and with our surroundings does not realize what a labor
it is to draw the water from the single or few springs of an Eastern town.
Drawing water and washing garments are the chief visible occupations of
women in the East to-day.
458. KpawrpcpI 8' t7rLKECo-er &V&iyK: an instance of parataxis, 'for hard
necessity shall rest upon (thee).'
460. oSe: with a gesture, 'there is the wife of Hector.'
463. &jLvveiv: infin. of purpose depending upon rooiuEc, 'competent to
ward off.'
464. xvrh yatCa: i.e. r-lfa (cf. v. 419).
465.  rplv y4 T',rv0oer-at: ' before I in any wise learn of.'
468. I&Xtv9l wrpbs K6Xirov: 'shrank back upon the breast.' Notice
how each of the successive participles &a'TuXeo, raptij7cas, voo-ras explains,
by giving the cause, the participle which precedes it.
470. BEv6v: adverbial, as in r 337.
473. wracL(,av6o-av: 'gleaming,' for it was made of bronze.
474. ir^Xe: (i aor. 3 sing. from IrdxAAw): 'tossed,' 'dandled.'
477. Tp&fcrcrv: for dat. see on B 483.
478. cSSE: refers back to cs ical?yc6 7rep. -  vdo'reirv: should be
avar'ovr'a, in order to exactly correspond with a&yaOdv.
480. avLSvrca: agrees with an abr4v to be supplied as object of efirot,
which has a peculiar meaning with its personal object: 'may some one
hereafter say of him as he returns from the conflict.'
483. Kx&68i: 'fragrant,' from  the odorous substances which were
placed in the boxes in which garments were kept. In r 372 the same
epithet is applied to Odxua/os.
484. 8aKpudvv yeXab&raoa: 'laughing through her tears.' --  iqla-:
'was seized by compassion,' aor. marks the entrance into a state.
486. pioC: ' I pray,' ethical dat.




ILIAD VI.


301


487. irpo'i4+;i: see on A 3.
489. ov8i p/v [iv]: 'nor yet in truth.' -,rd rpwra: 'once for all.'
490.r& T    aerrqs [aavTris] 9pyLa: i.e. weaving and spinning, for the
preparing and serving of food was done by the men. With this verse,
Plutarch tells us, Brutus sought to turn aside the anxious inquiries of
Portia as to what he had upon his mind, just before the assassination of
Caesar.
492. lpyov iWroCXEar0aL: 'to ply their task' (see on A 31).
493. rot [oY] 'IXf iyeyac.r'LV: supply antecedent, '(of those) who are
born in Ilium.'
494. E'ero: ' seized (and put upon his head).'
496. ivrpolra)OLgoAv1] has frequentative  force, 'turning frequently
about,' and 'bursting into tears' (Oaxepbv...  ovUra)..- eao.pov is adj.,
cf. 'rTfp  KcarA dc'pv Xf'OUv-a, r 142.
499. yo'ov ivCparev: 'she aroused a lament,' i.e. by her appearance
(KaTa SdKpv Xoovoa, v. 496).
600. ydov [?yd&v]: unusual form of ipf. from yodco.
501. c4Lvro: see on r 28.
504. iroLKCXa XCaXK(K: see on A 226.
505. a6cria': i aor. without tense-sign, after the analogy of liquid
verbs (Sketch of Dialect, ~ 20, 3), not different in meaning from more
freq. plupf. or 2 aor. eo-auvo. The points of similarity between Paris and
the stallion are the exuberance of spirits which comes from youth, beauty,
high feeding, and the utter lack of sober sense.
507. OECln [e']: pres. subj. from 0eew.
508 'ippictos [ievfEovs]: irregular contraction from  e'iPEftcos (nom.
ivpe-is). --  roTarcL: for gen. see on E 6.
509. KvSL6ov: cf. K6USE yalwv, A 405.
510. 6 8i: the pron. lacks a verb, an abrupt change of construction
(anacoluthon) commencing in the next verse. Perhaps the break in the
construction may suggest the sudden starts and rapid movements of the
horse at large. Cf. a similar anacoluthon in E I36.
512. KacTar: 'down from' (cf. A 44).
514. KicyxaXdcov: 'loudly exulting.' Paris's mien as he goes into
battle is like that of the Trojans with which the rav, arye yjf'vea 7rve'ovTes
Axaioi, r 9, is in contrast.
515.   o6iL;E yuva.LKC: 'was holding fond discourse with his wife.'
The poss. pron. is here, as frequently, separated by an intervening word
from its noun (cf. A 72, 333).
518. Paris supposes that Hector had stopped only because delayed by
him, and would apologize. After io-a,-uezov, which is concessive, we
might have had rep.
519.  vaoCaLrpUov: adv., 'at the proper time.'
520. Hector sees from the affectionate word of address, /J0ee, that




302                        NOTES.
Paris has felt the taunts uttered v. 326 follg., and purposes to play the
hero, and his answer contains recognition of his courage, with blame for
his indecision and complaint at the abuse which his conduct has occasioned and which he (Hector) has been obliged to hear.
521. SaLp8dvi: 'strange man.' — eaCLortos [erieoIcEis, JedrpLos]: 'fairminded.'
522. gpyov aTLt^ofoEE  a Xpis: 'would disparage your exploits in battle.'
523.!uEOksIS [/fEO'rs]. --  OVK ieoAS: ' art undecided.' -  TO: probably
adv. acc., 'therefore,' rather than article with Kemp.
524. Vnwp oiOev: differs little in meaning from EPveKa oe7o in the next
verse.
526. apEO'r6pjea: 'we will make up these things (,d) hereafter' (cf. A
362).
527. BOots: dat. of advantage with r-T1o-aae'acL, 'set apart for the gods.'
528. KpIljTpa. EXevIepov: abridged expression meaning 'a bowl of
thanksgiving for freedom.'
529. ikacavwras: agrees with uwas which is easily supplied as subj. of
or'acwaOat.




APPENDIX.
A.
ILIAD I.-VI. ARRANGED FOR RAPID IEADING.
THE following scheme from Retzlaff's Vorschule zu Homer
exhibits the contents of Books I.-VI., so disposed that the more
difficult passages and those of special interest are longest dwelt
upon. While it is not supposed that teachers will care to make
this particular table an inflexible rule for their own practice, it is
yet believed that they will find it suggestive and useful. An excellent way of developing in scholars facility in translation is to devote
a few minutes at the close of the recitation to reading "at sight"
a part of the lesson for the next day; the length of which lesson
may be subsequently fixed according to the amount passed over in
class. The danger which must be carefully guarded against in all
such experiments is lest the pupil fail subsequently to bestow the
proper labor upon what he has skimmed over in class.
It is mortifying to a teacher to make the discovery, after a class
has read " at sight" a page or more of text, and has accomplished
it with apparent pleasure and interest, that the average boy is
unable to translate the whole connectedly. This fact, which is a
matter of experience, reveals the difficulty of keeping the attention
of each scholar intently fixed throughout the exercise on the passages which others than himself are called upon to translate. It
also discloses the truth that such an exercise adds little to the pupil's
knowledge, and is valuable only as increasing his facility in combining and using knowledge which he already possesses. Here as
elsewhere the principle holds good that what is lightly and easily
acquired is little valued and quickly lost; and all exercises in
extemporaneous translation must be regarded chiefly as an entertainment, and should not be confounded with serious work.




304


APPENDIX A.




SLOWLY.
A   - 427. Pestilence in the
host. Quarrel
between Achilles and Agamemnon.
493-530. Zeus grants Thetis's prayer in
behalf of Achilles.
B I - 14x. Agamemnon's
Dream.    His
speech before
chiefs and people.
284-332. Speech of Odysseus. Call to a
new struggle.
455-493. Similes.
r 46-244. Helen   at the
walL
A 85-191. The shot of Pandaros.
422-456. Disposition  of
forces.  Commencement of
conflict.
E 311-430. The wounding
of Aphrodite.
71 -9o9. The wounding
of Ares by Diomede.
Z 119-236. Episode of Glaukos and Diomede (Friendship).
369-529. Episode of Hector and Andromache (Love).


MORE RAPIDLY.


VERY RAPIDLY.


I


A 428-492. Chryseis   restored. End of
pestilence.
531-6x. Banquet of the
gods.
B 143-283. Odysseus recalls
the Achaians
hurrying to the
ships. Thersites.
333-454. Nestor's counsel.


B 494-877. Catalogue of
ships and heroes [may be
read at sight].


r I - 145. Preparations for r 245-275.


the duel between    Paris
and Menelaos.
276-46I. Compact  concluded.  The
duel.
A    - 84. The  gods  in
council.
223-42r. Agamemnon exhorts to combat.


Priam betakes
himself to the
camp.


192-222. Healing of Menelaos.
457-544. Single combats.


E 166-310. Death of Pan- E   - x65. Single combats.


431-527.
627-710.
Z 77-1r8.
237-368.


daros.
Rescue of Aeneas by Apollo.
Sarpedon.
Counsel of Helenos.
Hector's interview with Hecuba and Helen.


Prowess of Diomede.
528-626. Sally of Hector.


Z   -76. Onset of the
Achaians.
Total, 874 verses.


Total, 533 verses.          Total, 1523 verses.


-..


In the Essay on Scanning, ~ 6, two passages have been noted as specially worthy of
being committed to memory. Of course, the list of such passages may be indefinitely
extended. Add the following verses: A 528-53; B 204; r o08-110; A 43, 320, 321,
405; Z 146-149, zo8, 236, 26r, 448, 449.




APPENDIX B.


305


B.
EXPLANATION OF THE FACSIMILE.
THE forms of the letters, as a rule, are very regular and easy to
decipher. The forms of 3 (see 'fIaw', v. 311), X (see a'XXo, v. 308),
v (see ')bav, v. 302), are somewhat peculiar. o- has the same form,
whether in the middle or at the end of a word. There are frequent
examples of ligatures, - i. e. of two or more letters united closely
together, as we join letters in writing; but this union of letters does
not involve the loss of any part of any letter, and the ligatures do
not become mere arbitrary signs, difficult to decipher, such as we
find in later and less valuable manuscripts.
The handwriting of the text and of the major part of the scholia
seems to be of the same person; only the very brief scholia, written
irregularly close to the Greek text, appear to be by another and
later hand.
Two at least of the critical marks of the Alexandrian grammarians appear in thefacsimile. They are the &7rXAi, also called 8irXij
KaOapa, -a character which resembles a capital Y lying horizontally,
with what is ordinarily its upper part turned to the left, - and the
&7rXf 7rrptLfa-rLy/Tv, or 'dotted Diple.' These two marks are found
opposite vv. 305 and 325.
The forms of the breathings will attract attention. The first half
of capital H (eta) indicates the rough breathing; the other half,
the smooth. See G. 4, N. 2.
The L subscript does not occur, but the L is always, as in 0rMrorepOw, v. 309, written after the first vowel of the improper diphthong.
We notice a curious use of the diaeresis in v. 305 (jrpoTr 'TXtoV),
to signify the separation of preposition and noun, which would not
indicate any great familiarity with the Greek language in any one
who had need of such help.
On the next two pages a number of the scholia of this facsimile
are given, printed in ordinary Greek type. They will easily be
identified on comparison with the facsimile, as their position in
reference to the Greek text is the same.




306


APPENDIX B..


IAIA~o0, r 302-326.
"0 1   Ccf Lv,  o   "S '  cpa  7T   T kL   7 K C W Kpov owv.
Trotort  8~  4Aap&avl`Sqp  Ilpt'cqXo,  $EcTaL Ju O0ov  CEL7TC'
KC`xVTC` ti.ev, Tpw'cs xalL C'UKV A8cs 'AXaLot
r OL  C-ycUV  Clt c  7rpoT  '~IXLOV  7)JV9XOEYUUrv  W #Pic   &cl m
c&, 7rt 01) -7rw   TX?)CTLA C'v  O' aXjxO'to-w  bpapoOat
M~apva/ c ov  C  o   vhv   aprji4C w  M  a~c tc
ZCe's plyc' -rov r1' -ye otSC Kal MO'va-orm GOc DX~oc
0V7rOT0Tp(A Oava'TOLO TAiOS 7rC7rpW/ltEYVO E(OTL'V.
'II pa, Kal C' 8tc/pov J~pvaT t967 lT~OCOS 4r0,)T
&LV 8' 53V'EJfaw' air' OS Ka04%& 8 TIvL'a TELVEV 6o7ri'maC
7rap 8C' ol 'AVT-qV(Ap 7repLaGXAC'c 3ar~ 8C0-TOpLOPV.
'T~c /4Ev a'p alyOPPO& 7rpOTI IXLOV aITrOVC`OV7O'
'ETO     8~' llp4La'joLO 7ra"L' Kal 87os '08vorodv'
XO)Pov~ /4-Ev -7rp0J)To  &9LCTpEov, avra~p Zir~cTm
KX 'pOVS 'v KcvV4 XU"p       7raX~oV UXo&iCs,
07rcr cpoS  8-q)  -rrpocr Lc  a Lq  XaKC0V         Sil)am 0Va,Xao~t  8'  1 p?0LT, oEO~to-t  8~  Xetpa   avc o~ov.  I iXcpa?
tMC SC' TtS C'7TEOKEV 'AXac~wv Tze TpW'WV TC.      loLIUeO.vel
Uwv~ on~7roTCpoS 'Ta8c Ep-yax uLET- a/Lj-0o7CpOtoLV Z677KC,
'r%  MT lrosW94tvov S-vat So'l~ov '~Ai8o IE         laow,  wgc
jpZv  8'avi 4oXh'T-a Kat opKta vrw-ra ycv&oOat.    ~iri~ TbeJcr
032 ~p' cfoav, -7r-aXXv 8~ IL'/l Kop-vOaL'oXo,; "EKT~tp p~Th~a 6K7LA  I                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~KOV Tb1 CIO?,
TbJ4 W Q4 OPOoWV     LpcOS 8~' 00o) uK KX7poS o'po-vcrcv.  ia   Sa
I&T l                             I  g,   T/A   K Ac T'otyb y 86;. a
A OL /LEV CITCL0U LwCl'T0 Kan"I (rrL~aq  "LX  KLT0    T68
t 7r~rol acpo-d7rOSE'g Ka& 7romKXa TCV'Xf' 61ELO     'Ap~o-. icmOT
T4LPxot                                               aoi0.




APPENDIX B.30


307


ja Ka, es &c/pov'     Ta  -yap?V tSPKOLS Tr/Loa   ec   Z   tV
EYX(lJPtL  IEKPV7rTTOV  Tly7,OL 8'     ~evOL  OaXC'Locr-vp  1
awro4'pet rO'Lige  aO(Tet 7rtcOT~i)TOMJCVOS KLKCLVO~lg w)(O aLyVOOVV~as
St&d4    V  i- yap  6cEOZ9 c7rX(wt~  OVO/.VLcv  '7;rOLOV.  27Ov'vTo yap
(i)0r7rep cYVOc(TtTC6cT~cL TO-LS OCOZT.
"AtfroppoL:  &tanr  X  LP~e~a  0 flp ap 0    Kalc ol /L' 4)ao-'v 0-7
Lva  Q~/               (O       ctP70 VOkOVS KpcELG7JV, pc  a7T ro "~7OEO Tn-  V  Ij.LVO-,paXL'av,  ol 8   tva. 4vX 6$    'r % 1-d~cn  aXUOL 8    ri)v  Qu
pticq v XiT  rpot0orc  ro oviW  rX?;To/' 6,IazXp~olid-t o'pacr-OaL
o7rep a/.LCLVOV.
flpt~too 7cis   flopcfnto ' OSv T'roZ  7rapaXcXccqucvoL9 tfrqYltv  TLt
TOY `EKcropa 'A~rO'X~ios vllov 7rapaSC'8oxrL 'IVKO-;, 'AXc'av~pos,
Eb(op`(w~v, AVKO'c/pwIV.
X~P' pv '~pOTOV &va~a~~   SE/LTpOUW 7rav To Xwptov~
c  cvlLXXOV ptovo/.A 7)OetW  00Te /  Aovov Tov       TCO a 7X7
VLK-qO'v~rat VEVEKvjrOatu, &\XaL Kal roYV 417rokcroYvm  ro  ro&7T 8L7 -OT-L aLYLLq/?  irpos  Ta  cL r ELv(W  irX07) XWPL"'K'a"'  cAX  Wl'
ev clpK"j  T   -7 7rptypaof7) /  -EOLv.




GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES FOR
BOOK FIRST OF THE ILIAD.


LINE.       WORD.            GOODWIN.           HADLEY.


I
2
4
6
8
9
'3
i8
20
21
24
25
26
28
30
31
32
33
35
36
37
38
40
42
44
45
47


'AXL~ios
lAxa~ois
T&. 1rpwoTc
frla-LML
'AirdXXcavm
kirl IeX~cv
KLXE((g
TrOL
XPCLCOIPlI
Z4VTL6waJO~v
'Air6XXwv
TOL
KCL'& KCLpijV(@V
Kf~p
t&IJOWOLY


129, 9 (C)
53, 3, N. 4
184, 3
i66
6o, 5, I 5
i62
265 and N.
i86, N. 1
277, 3
77, N. I
251
269
2 5, I, N. (d)
190
191, N. 3
253
184, 2
218, and 215, N. I
i82, 2
120, I (b)
216, N. 2
29, N. I
162
47, N. I
55
171,:2
171, 3
184, 3
251
i88, i
191, IV. 2 (I)
I 6o, I
i86


466
189 D
597
555
202, 9
552 a
765
602, I
789 d
255 D, 2
721, I
784
172 b
612
6i6
720 a
597, or 595 b
743
589
370 D, a
74'
112,
552 a
175 C
193
576
5ia
597
721, 1
607
631 a
549 a
6I2
603






GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.


309


LINE. I WORD.  GOWN     ALY


49
50
5'
52
54
55
58
6o
62
64
66
67
69
70
7'
72
76
77
78
79
8o
8i
84
85
86
89
90
9'
94


oibp*vas
VEKVWY*
Ac'.vero6v
Trota'.
#1vYOLIJ.E1
SPE(ILEV
K~ EtirO'
KVCU-a-lS
aX KIEV fWaXercm'
I0VTOL
11c.0'.0
XwXC00a11.
'ApyEcOJv
TOy
KcLprcja-i~q
'Aw6XXcova.
X iX-n
X&Xtca.S
Xelt7fs
&pMrS


176,
187
167, 4
189
184, 3
187
171, 2
184, 3, N. 2
227, it N.
I110, 2, N.- I (b)
253
226, 2 (b)
'73, I
171, I
226, 4, N. I
184, 3, N. 3
162
204
184, 3
82, N. 2
184, I
i 88, i
'34, 3
16:2
175, 2
I56
225
184, 2
223, N. 2
216, I
158, N. 2
200, N. 5 (b)
26, 2
163
151, N. 4
48, 2 (a)
6o, 5, 3 1
223
136, N. 3 (a)
I109, I


582
544 d
6o5
56o
613
597
605
576
6oi
748, fine print
375
720 a
722
577 a
574 a or c
597
552 a
597
238, R. a
595
607
775
552 a
5ia
8i8, R. d.
758 and 759
602, 1
747 b
739
524
708
366 b
545
595 b
202, i8
747
775
335,I


I




3IO


30 GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.




LINE.
97
98
1 00
101
103
104
105
I07
I''
"I3
"15
120
124
125
127
129
'3'
132
135
137
'39
'4'
'43
'47
'49
150
I 51
'53
' 57
i6o
i6i
i63
164
i66
I 68
I170


WORD.   I   GOODWIN.  I HADLEY.


Ammvoota-L
86jJIEVCLL
'rotorL
I V O
OL
K&K'
'r&L KOC6K.
KOiU'1S
OtKOL
K(oLILMa~LT
izroXCtQv
e1Eq
'EL 8WiorovorL
Br. in apodosi
K6XCOF~ cecLL
div
i I ~ t
660VcL8C
U:KLdEV1.CL, AXJiEo-c.T(V


184, 3, N. 3
274
226, 2 (b)
i84, 3, N. 2
172, 2
184, 3, N. 4
i86
24, 3, & 159, N. 2
'34, I
167
2 2, N. I
x 6o, u and 2
202, I
216
249, 2
276, x
'74
i84, 3
1 19, 12 (a)
277, 5
190 or i88
226, 4, N. 2
227, 2
209, 2, and 255
200, N. 9, 208, 2
1 62
253
12, N. 3
184, 3
164, and 197, N. 2
256
159, N. 5
184,.5
129, 1 5
173
i84, 3
i86
225
225
229 and 231
259 and N.


597
769
722
6oi
575
597
602, I
100, and 547, C
514 e
95 b
552 and a
705
739
868 b
785
58o
597
789 f
61 2 or 6o8
883
720 e
55'
720 a
73 D
597
553 a
720 C
547 b
6oi, 5
470, 5
577 a
597
603 a
758 and 759
747
758 and 759
763


I


ILOL
J.0l,iI KEO'pa
tK1'r.LL
K&EVQ


WQO~






GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.


3''


LiNE.       WORD.            GooDWIN            HADLEY.


I70
'7'
'73
'75
176
iso
I 8z
184
i88
'9'
'94
'95
'97
' 99
200
203
205
207
209
210
216
2I7
218
219
224
225
226
228
230
231
232


cr(OL)
KE' TILijL~ovu-L
ILOL
MVPILL~dvcErOL
4TOEV
WE
HpejXpCCvL-EC
01.y~
6cOL
K IfLF E O I X C h
go-4xCw e p
lrLc remOlyLL
lcL)T~oicr
cT)(Oi'G
XvLcui
X-cof-rpc~ov
5pKOV


I84, 3
I34, 3, & 138, N. 8
I100, N. 5
208, 2
i84, 5
171, 3, N.
171, 2
164
209, 2
184, 4
i84, 3, N. 4
244, 256
227, 2
6i
17 1, N.
200, N. 5 (b)
i84, 3, N. 4
6o, 5,2 22
216
1 10, 11.2, N. I (a)
i88, I
255, and 209, 2
277, 3
226, 4, N. I
I90
'74
82, N. I
2 76, 5, N.I (b)
233
205, 2
171, 2
119, II
'74
6o, 5, 1 5
i86
136, N. 3
182, 2
157, 2, N.
171, 3, N.
226, 2 b
'59


597
775, 2, fine print
308 D
710 b
6oi
597
576
553
720 e
598
597
736, and 720 C
203 D
574 b
708
597
201 D, a
739
374,I
6i i
720 e
789 d
747
612
58o, i
238 D
789 f
757
707
576
411I D
58o, i
202, 9
602, I, b
775, 2, fine print
589
541
597
722 a
547 b






3I2  GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.




LINE.       WORD.           GOODWIN.          HADLEY.


234
236
237
238
239
240
241
243
244
246
247
249
250
251
252
255
256
257
258
260
262 -266
27:2
273
275
278
281
283
284
286
289
294
295
299
300
301
307
3"1
312


a-Kfir'TPov
+1,XXtIL
OiJLLcrTcLs
lEWpCLT.LL
'A~X~iiog
IrElr~Lpjdvov
ToWaL
ILer& TpLTr'rLTTLcrv
KEY -y?)Oij(cL
KfXCOPOlcLTr
Qo+Iocw
AO.L6aYo
O&Peio~Lv
tswILaA
Trp641EV
ILEV
'ToV8,E
TLFLiS
irXedvcrO-L
'AXLXXIjL
lroX4JE'oLoL
-yipov
C& TLVCL
V1TELqOjLCLL
'Etirms
TaCOMc
TWA
T(6~v 6XXOwv
&v 4e:poLS
g&Pxos
K&XUCAL


163
164
164
6o, 5, II
" 9, 3
i67, 3
i6z
184, 2
232, 3
249, 2
1 10, iv. (a), (3)
i84, 3, N. 2
98, N. I
i84, 3, N. I
i86
191, vI. 3 (2)
224
"19, 3
i67
175, 2
i86
255
"9i, 9
226, 2, b
2 76,
264
171, I
171, 3, N.
184, 3
i67, 3
48,y 2 (a)
1 59, N. 2
227, I
232
159, N. 2
84, 2
I 68
2:26, 2. (b)
229, 9 (b)
'37
I259, N. 5


545
553


553
355 D e
565
55'
595 b
758
868 b
334 a
6oi
371 b
6oi
60)2 b
643
748
357 D
602
720 e
355 D, c
722 a
582
553
574 c
597
597
547 C
750
757
547 c
244
559
722 a
466
500 C
547 b






GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.   33


313


LINE<        WORD.             GOODWIN.           HADLEY.


317
318
319
3121
323
324
331
33:2
335
337
34'
342
344
348
349
350
353
359
360
362
363
388
393
396
397
401
403
404
405
407
408
410
415
418
418
420


O E
flcvrpo'XLS
LOL
'yVV40K~E&
IElrOdoY
YEPw1,L
TO4SXAXEV
0E0
Pti
K1JSEL
&'rpOV
aX KEY( OL1OP
PcL0~"(i0
G&Lp'FO
abWXE0
aA'cTai
aX KEwCGr~


i6:2
I90
1 59, N. 2.
I159, R.
i84, 4
269
223
227, 2
25 5, and N.
277, 2
1 58, N. 2.
159, N. 2
1 84, 5
52, 2, N. 3
167, 3
223, N. 2
184, 3, N. 3
184, 3
6o, 5
182, 2
120, 1 (b)
io8, IV. 2, N. I
'74
182, 2
'37
216
159, R.
171, 2
176,
184, 3, N. 3
'74
i66
I88, I, N. I
i88, I
171, 2, N. 3
226, 4, N. I
171, 2
136, N. 3
205, 2
184, 3
226, 4, N. I


55'
6I2
547 C
547 b
598
784, fine print
747
720 e
789 c
544 a
547 C
6oi
i8o
747 b
597
599
202, 4
589
370 D, a
328 D, c
58o
589
500, b
739
547 b
576
582
597
580
556
609
6i i
574 b
574 d
775, fine print
707
597






314 GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.




LiNii.       WORD.
422    'AXcLLoiO-LV
424    X~~
425    70O.
427    IJ.w
428   m&reP1jicro
429   'Y1)VaLK6S
430    &EIK0VTOS
432    ALJUVOS
434    crTToSdK
It  rrpoTdVOLrL.V
437   '93c1LV0V
443       FV
444    LXcwLE(Tfu-c1
450    T~tO-LV?
453    k'3fe456    AcMvcLotowr
460    KV6T(T13l
466    7rF-pLcj)pcL84)
467    WfOVOU
It Te'rVKOVTrO
468    ScLvTO'g
469    lro'crLos
470    Jro0Too
471    8e~r&ierO-L
474    4)Pdvm1
479     0UL
482    oTreCpT3
488    qVatj1T
490    rwwXE&METO
491    4eLVQeEOKI
495    4f+eT1Jk'v
497   O0SXvj~irov
498    dxxwv
499    KOPV~jJ
500    0.VrOLOt
Y0'VCOV
510    TI(a)0-LV
50  TLILVj
512   -yoivVC


GOODWIN. I


HADLEY.


I


184, 2
I.3)8, N. 7
i84, 3, N. 6
1 58, N. 2
" 9, 8
'73, I
167 or 183
I82, 2.
i86
i88
200
265 and N.:216, I
i84, 3
I76,
184, 3, N. 3
i88
74,I
'74
100, N. 3
172, I
i67, 3
172, 2
190, or 184, 3
i6o, i
184, 3
I90
187
119, 10
119, II
i0o, I
171, 2
162
191
190
182, 2
171I, I
175, N. I
216, N. 2
i88
17, I)


552 a
498
599
773
349 D
577 a
58or 593
589
602
607
701
765
739
597
582z
597
607
225
58o
384 D
575
575
612 or 597
549
597
612
605
410 D
410 D
549
576
55'
626,5~
612
589
574 b
586 c
74'
606
574 b






GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.


315


LINE.       WORD.            GOODWIN.           HADLEY.


515
515
5I9
522
523
527
528
530
534
542
543
549
552
552
555
559
564
566
567
575
577
579
582
585
586
587
589
59I
596
597
6o0
602
6io




TOL
^i1r  L
voq
&pVO-L
Kasraviva'
Kptvo'S
'rra.pds
Kpv7rra8&sa
KITT
vot]jT'Ts
O4AXCWLL
iroiov
XepoLVaI
sLrapLds
TLvrLIErLlS
IlTIIPC
TE'rXCLOL
o80o's
XELP(
OEOiS
LKCivoL
>8p(.


184, 4, or 187
23, 2, adfinem
231
216, I
208, 2
233
188, i
60, 5, 13
182, 2
159, N. 2
86, N. 2
233
233
142, 3
200, N. 4
218
216
118, 6
216, I
232
167, 3
187
216, I
i84, 3
269
184, 3, N. 4
125, 4
216, I
261, I
I71, I
184, 3, N. 3
184, 3
279, 2
172, I
233


598 or 605
102
758
739
710 b
757
606
202 D, 24
589
547 c
40 D
757
757
535 b


743
739
711
739
758
565
605
739
597
784 and fine print
184, 3
409 D, io
739
767
574 b
597
597
472, R. k
575
758






NOTE. - The above references, in connection with the passage set for translation, may
indicate a useful addition to, or substitute for, the usual daily lesson in the grammar.
They will be adapted to the new edition of Hadley's Grammar, now in preparation by
Professor Allen of Harvard College, as soon as it appears.




GENERAL INDEX.
THE printing of a reference in full-faced type indicates that in that place the subject
referred to is most fully treated.
The references are to be understood as illustrative only, not as exhaustive, upon the
various heads cited.


ABSOLUTE comparative, B 440, A 64.
Accusative, of limit of motion, without preposition, A 240, 3I7, 322,
497, E 291.
Accusative, of thing, retained in
passive, A I49.
Acephalous verse, r 357, A 135.
Adjective, equivalent to poss. gen.,
B 20, 54, Z I80, 446.
Adjective, of two endings instead
of three, A 3, E 269, 776.
Adjective, translated adverbially,
A 39, 52, 77, 424, 543, B 2, 48,
r 7, A 124, E 19, Z 249.
Adverb, in predicate instead of adjective, A 4I6, B 323, r 95, A 466,
Z I3I.
Aegis, B 448, E 738 follg.
Aethiopians, A 423.
Alliteration, A 99.
Ambuscade, service in honorable,
A 227.
Anacoluthon, B 353, E 135, Z 478,
510.
Anapaestic rhythm, A 204, E 745.
Anastrophe, A 162, B 91, Z 331.
Anastrophe, forborne when word
intervenes, A 505.
Anastrophe, forborne when vowel
of prep. is elided, A 350, A 97.
Anthropomorphism, A 533, 564, A
48, 507, Z 135 -Aorist, formed after analogy of
liquid verbs, A 40, Z 505.


Aorist, formed with tense-sign o
from liquid stem, A 136.
Aorist, of mixed formation, r 103,
I20, 250, Z 53.
Aorist, Gnomic, A 218, r 4, 33, A
75, 143, x6o, 279, 455, E 92, I39,
523, 599, 902.
Aorist, reduplicated  2d, A  Ioo,
256, 590, r 86, 355, A 127, 293,
397, E 69, 504, Z I2, 50.
Aorist, syncopated  2d, A   449,
519.
Aorist, of entrance into state, A
330, 331, r 259, 398, E 422, Z
484.
Aorist, of single act, A Ix8, 199,
r 98.
Aorist, sometimes translated by
perfect, A 158, 207, A 246, 248.
Apocope, A 305, 593, 606, B I6o,
426, 549, A II, Z 201.
Apodosis omitted, A 232.
Aposiopesis, A I36, 580.
Apposition, of part(s) with whole,
A 150, 362, B 171, 259, 452, r 35,
88, 338, A 350, 461, Z II7.
Apposition, of whole with part(s),
r 211, Z 149.
Article, as demonstrative pronoun,
A 9, 73, 125, 340, 382, 493.
Article, as relative pronoun, A 36
I25, 336.
Article, frequently wanting, A 53,
2I4.




GENERAL INDEX.


317


Assertion, with different degrees of
positiveness, A 137, 175, 205, 262,
B 229.
Assimilation, in verbs in -dw, A 31,
I04, B 92, 337, A I, 9, Z 20I.
Assimilation, of consonants, A 593,
606, B I60, 426, 549.
Asyndeton, r 250, E 746.
Attraction, A 260, r 124.
Attraction, inverse, Z 396.
Attraction, by predicate noun, A
239, B 5, 73 -Augment, omitted, A 4, 54.
Bow, stringing of described, A 112.
Chief arms himself, B 42-46, r
330~
Chief fights not in, but near chariot, E ioS.
Chief holds two spears, r i8, 338,
380, E 495.
Commander-in-chief's portion  of
spoil, A I67.
Cloud-gates, separate a&p and alodip,
E 75I.
Comparative, absolute. See Absolute comparative.
Comparative,  from   noun-stem,
A 325.
Comparison, abridged, A I63, r 238.
Condition, general.  See General
condition.
Condition, posterior, A 67, 207, 408,
Z96.
Constructio praegnansi A 6, I97, r
113, 405, E 5r4.
Conventional verse, r 95, E 84.
Conventional word or phrase, A
202, 212, 297, B 78, Z I71.
Conventional or habitual epithet.
See Epithet.
Courtesy, Z 176.
Dative of advantage after word of
ruling, A 7I, I8o, 231.
Dative of adv. (or disadv.), instead
of gen., A 67, i6I, 342.


Dative limiting verb, instead of
gen. limiting noun, A I88, 200,
r 195, 348, A 24, 219, 331.
Dative of place without preposition, A 24, I07, I32, 482, B 2I0,
r io, A 302, 443, E 78.
Deformity, physical and moral associated, B 216.
Demonstrative use of article. See
Article.
Demonstrative instead of relative
in second of two coordinate
clauses, A 79, 95, I62.
Dodona, the modern Jannina, B 750.
Dog despised, A 159, 225.
Elision, forborne because of orig.
initial consonant, A 230, 275, 515,
B 292, r I.
Elision, permitted when impossible
in prose, A 117, 283.
Elision, with loss of accent, A 2I0.
Elision, with recession of accent to
preceding syllable, A 107.
Enallage (change of order of words),
E 554.
Epanalepsis, B 671.
Epithets, habitual or conventional,
A 308, 316, B i64, E 375.
Euphemism, A 576, E 567, 574.
Fillets, what and how worn, A
14.
Final clause, instead of infinitive,
A 133, A 465, E 690, Z 361.
Five grades of positiveness in assertion. See Assertion.
Flesh of victims, slain in ratifying
oath, not eaten, r 3I0.
Fulness of expression (Parallelism), A 57, 88, 513, B 276, 352,
r 2, io1, A 170, E 267, 527, 665.
Future-perfect, as more emphatic
future, A 139.
General condition, of present time,
A 510, B 228, 294, 475, r 279,
E 524.




318


GENERAL INDEX.


General condition, of past time,
B i88, 198, r 216.
Genitive, after superlative, A 505.
Genitive, of agent with verbs equivalent to passives, A 242, A 498,
Z 73 -Genitive, quasi-partitive, E 6, 222,
289, Z 2.
Genitive, with adverbs of place,
A 230, 500, r 341, 416, 424, E 849.
Gnomic aorist. See aorist.
Gods, cheered by savor of sacrifice,
A 66.
Grasshoppers, old men's voices
compared with chirping of, r I5I.
Habitual epithets. See Epithets.
Hendiadys.   See Fulness of expression.
Heralds, under protection of Zeus,
A 334 -Hiatus, apparent, A 4, 409, 532,
B 38, 154, I64, E 4.
Hysteron-proteron, A 251.
Imperfect, of attempted action, A
378, E 318, Z 162.
Infinitive, as imperative, A 20, 582,
E 606, Z 150.
Infinitive of purpose (with associated idea of result), A 5, 347,
443, B I17, 477, A 511, E 366,
Z 228, 463.
Invocation of Gods, B 412, r 276.
Iterative forms, A 490, B I89, r 217.
Ivory, stained a red color, A I41.
King, his descent from Zeus, A
I76.
King, his divine prerogative, B 103,
205, Z 193.
Knees, seat of strength, r 34, A 314,
42i, E 176, Z 27.
Language, of men and of gods,
A 403, B 813.
Lengthening of final short vowel,
by ictus, A 45, 153, 226, B 39,
E 371, Z 240.


Lengthening of final short vowel,
before liquid, A 233, 394, B 239.
Lengthening of final short vowel,
because of orig. initial consonant, A 51, 75, 416, 437, r 222,
A 27, Z 157.
Libations, how made, A 470-I, r
295.
Litotes, A 220, 278, 536, B I66, 807,
A 168, 498, E 18, 407, 441, Z 444.
Long hair, of Greek warriors, B ii,
r 43
Loom, A 31.
Messages delivered verbatim, no
oratia obliqua, B 60-70.
Metathesis quantitatis, A I, 138, 193,
B 226, r 272.
Metonymy, A 30, B 0x8, 381, 387,
426, r 75, II3, E 326, Z I52.
Middle voice with meaning of active, A 56, I98, 203.
Mood-sign of ist aor., shortened in
subjunctive. See Shortening.
Muse, inspirer of epic song, not
known in Homer, as one of nine
sisters, A I.
Negation, signified by tossing up
the head, A 514.
Nominative for vocative, A 231,
E 403, 785.
Okeanos, A 423, r 5.
Olympus, in Thessaly, home of the
gods, A 44, 420.
Omniscience of gods implied, A365.
Onomatopoeia, A 34, 49, B 209, A
125.
Optative, conditional, r 299, A 542,
E 311.
Optative, in oratio obliqua, A 19I,
B 794, r 317.
Optative, of desire, A I8, 42, B 260,
r 74, 102, 256, A 18, Z 164, 281.
Optative, potential, A 64, ioo, B 250,
r 52, 235, A 93, E 303, 456.
Oxymoron, A 43.




GENERAL INDEX.


319


Palaces of the gods, Hephaistos's
work, A 426, A 2.
Parallelism.  See Fulness of expression.
Parasitic letter, A 49I, B I30, 328.
Parataxis, A 5, I0, 29, 228, 259, 326,
453, B 26, 197, 301, r 6I, E 178,
Z 148, I5I, 256, 458.
Paronomasia, A 406, B 325, Z 398.
Patronymics, A I, III, I88, 307,
A 488.
Pelasgians, B 843.
People, hard lot of, A 80.
Perfects often translated by present, A 37, I73, 22I, 278, B 15,
134, E 228, 878.
Periphrasis, B 387, r I05, A 386,
E 781.
'Pet-' or 'Nick-name,' A 385.
Plural, used for singular, A I4, 45,
E 97.
Polysyndeton. r 35, ii6.
Possessions of gods, often of gold,
A 6II, r 64, A 3.
Posterior conditions.  See Condition, posterior.
Prayer, attitude in, A 450, r 275.
Prayer, audibly uttered, A 450,
Z 304.
Prayers, in IHom. poems compared,
E 115.
Prepositions as adverbs (their original use), r 34, 115, A 46, Z 320.
Present used with adv. of time
where the perf. would be used
in English, A 553.
Primitive style and thought. See
Simplicity.
Prolepsis, A 536, B 409, r 192, E 85.
Pygmies, r 6.
Quantity, variation of, in same
word, A 14, 2I, B 381, A 441,
E 31.
Reduplicated form with intensive
force, A 600, B 392.
Rumor, Abs &-y-yEXAo, B 93.


Sacrifice, ritual of, A 458-468, r
274, 318.
Sailors sleep on shore, A 476.
Shield, devices on, prototypes of
modern coats-of-arms, E I82.
Ship, how managed, A 433-436.
Shortening of mood-sign in aor.
subj. A I41, 444, r 409, A 352,
E 469, 747.
Shortening of vowel or diphthong
in thesis, A I56, A Io9.
Simplicity and straightforwardness
in Homer, A 91, A 405.
Singular, in collective sense, A 382,
Spondaic verses, A II, 74, 157, 2I6.
Spondees, effect produced by, A
388, 439.
Subjunctive, as fut. indic., A I37,
I82, r 417, A I67.
Subjunctive, conditional, r 354.
Subjunctive, deliberative, A I50,
B 2, A 15, E 33.
Subjunctive, final, A 32, B I95, r
i66, A 486, E 233.
Subjunctive, hortative, A 26, 62,
r 283, Z 340.
Sudden death, accomplished by
Artemis's arrows, Z 428.
Superlative, double, A 105, B 57,
220.
Superlative, from noun theme, B
285.
Suppliant gesture (touching the
chin), A 50I.
Symbolical acts, r 274, 300.
Synizesis, A I, 15, 131, 277, 340,
B 225.
Three designations of Greeks, H
87.
Tmesis, A 25, I95, 572, B 39, I6o,
549, A 77 -Trumpets not in use before Troy;
hence voice important, B 408.
Types of artistic representation of
various deities already developed in time of Hom. Poems,
B 479.




320


GENERAL INDEX.


Unmixed wine used in solemn libations, B 341, r 270.
Veil, worn by women in presence
of men, r I41.
Warfare, its character, A 367, A
162.
Washing, after plague, A 3I3.
Water-carrying, women's work, Z
457 -Wealth, in cattle, A I54, B 449.
Weaving in Homer. See Loom.


Weaving and spinning, women's
work, Z 490.
'Winged' words, A 20I.
Women reckoned as slaves, among
possessions, Z 426.
Zephyros, not a gentle wind in
Homer, B 147, A 2.
Zeugma, r 73, 79, 327, A 133, E 356,
654.
Zeus, his supremacy, r 308.
Zeus, dwells on mountain tops, r
276.




GREEK INDEX.


&YELV, with EKaT4LL$uJZ', A 99, 43I..yyEXVirs = &fyyeos, P 206.
&XK', P 45, A 245.
dlcLeos and +iC'&icxLos, E 587.
aLtLp6Loos, B i9.
cL E0poLL, with dat. or without
dat. ErEosr, translated Ianswer,'
A 121.
&p.LVRWv, of externals alone, A 92,
E 9.
ZLcfflVyV'LS,  A 607.
cqLfLKV7rEXXov, A 584, Z 220.
WvrTU, E 262, 727.
NOa, A 46, 56, 236, 330, B 38, 419,
F374.CLiZTCp ( 'rdp), A 50, i66, P IuS.
cuVTr6s, almost always emphatic,
A 4, 47, I12, 270, 338, P 66, A 237,
287, E 396.
C.ITWS, A 133, 520, Z 400.
f3Cos and PLO's, A 49.
yyicjupcL. rroMjijoLo, A 371.
SaLjILOV0s, A 56!, B i90, A 31,
Z 326, 407, 521.
84, in cqodosi, A 58, 137, 194, 324~
Uit, A 6i, I10, 266.
sFL-, A 33, 555, r 242.
e prefixed, to facilitate pronunciation, to word orig. beginning
with F, A 306, 309, B 22.


gELfrEV, A 253.
filos, A 393.
EI B' O ye, A 302, 524.
et KE, with opt., A 60.
La'W)O- A 71, A 460.
Metl i, two ways of pronouncing,
A I56, 169.
g7rw, gr0ILcLL, A i66, Z 32I.


F, words beginning with.
p. xxxiii.


See


tj 4, P 46.
0, verb-formation in, A 219, r 231,
E I47.
LEpos, A 366.
rov, L'S, Ios,- A 94, Z 422.
KCLC, untranslatable in Engl., A 249,
406.
KLXmovVrcL =  (nearly) e'LcrC B 260,
E 342.
KE, with subj. in final clause, A
32.
KEXE15C, with dat. of person, B 50,
P 259, A 428, Z 324.
Kip and Kfp, A 228.
Kpwros and 'PrOs, A 530.
p.1EXov OBwp, B 825.
)I~v =  Ijv, A 77, 163, 267, 273,
B 203.




322


322       ~GREEK INDEX.


iierO. with dat. =  vwith dat., A 252,
Si 6, E 344.
jjLET&, with acc., ' after,' A 222,
A 70, 292, E 21.
JLLVY= CLrcTi, A 2 37, Z 2 21.
p.Crpii (also Cjuca and C7WO-ip), A I37,
187, 214, E 857.
gatvO1', epithet of Demeter, E 500.
8    8TL., 'because,' 'that,' A I20,
244, 5i8, E 331.
ots otos, o'Lcs ((fios), A 486.
81Lcos, 6OcIas, A 209.
5%, l, Si, l)oss. adj., A 72, 205, 307,
A 294, E 328, Z 5i6.
Oib, apparently used in protasis,
r 289, A i6o.
oi'& -ymp oa5'84, B 703, B 22, Z I30.
oi'rO and OfrTOL, A 298.
'nrEL, ' all kinds of,' B 823, B II,
52.
wrep, orig. meaning, A I31, 275, 352,
Po8, 586, Fr201.
wT\oX~Ls, 'combat,' A i65.
'irop'U'peos, A 482.,rrptv, adv. of time, not conjunction,
A 29, 97, A 1 14.
'TrrroX(,ropOos, B 278.
Pac. See &pa.
a-iv with dat. = e'v with dat., A 170,
B 74.
crcfcaTEpOV, A:216.
re, Without connecting force, A 8i,
82, 86, 218, 279, B 289, F 12.
TrLS, 'many a one,' B 27I, FU 353.
{~ir6, with dat. of agent, B 7i4,
E 313, Z 453.
-4L, orig. meaning of suffix, A 37.
(~Xos, A 20, 98, 345, 447, 491,
Z 224.
k)pEves, A 103.
4rnxi, meaning in Homer, A 3.
cIS and WI, A 254, B 372.
Ws) Cos) Ls, A 33, ii6, I' I159.


University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.




SELECTIONS FROM LUCIAN.
With Introductions and Notes by CHARLES R. WILLIAMS, A.M., Professor
of the Greek Language and Literature in Lake Forest University.
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CICERO DE SENECTUTE AND DE AMICITIA.
M. Tulli Ciceronis Cato Maior de Senectute and Laelius de Amicitia.
With Introduction and Notes by JAMES S. REID, M.A., Fellow        of
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. American Edition, revised by
FRANCIS W. KELSEY, Professor of Latin in Lake Forest University.
16mo. 279 pages. $1.20. Either part separately, 75 cts.
The present volume was prepared with the design of presenting to
American students, in a form best adapted to their use, the results of
Mr. Reid's thorough and accurate work.     The Introductions have been
recast with some enlargement, and the analyses of the subject-matter
have been entirely remodelled. The Notes have been in some instances
reduced, in others amplified, - especially by the addition of references to
the standard treatises on grammar, history, and philosophy.     The aim
throughout has been not simply to give aid on difficult points, but to call
attention to the finer usages of the Latin, and to add also whatever explanation seemed necessary to a clear understanding of the subject.
"It is certainly the best edition of these works of Cicero with which I am
acquainted. I have used the edition by Reid and consider it a work of high merit.
Professor Kelsey's revision seems to me to retain all the desirable features of the
original edition, while much has been added which is of especial value to the American student.  The book is pleasing to the eye and evidently well made." - Prof.
J. H. Chamberlin, Marietta College, Ohio.
"It is a handsome piece of work in every respect, and will, I doubt not, meet
with a cordial reception. The text is far better than that of any other edition, and
the notes are very clear and scholarly. I know of nothing better for our use here."
-Prof. A. G. Hopkins, Hamilton College, New York.
"The original works of Mr. Reid I have used with much pleasure, and I am
satisfied that this edition by Professor Kelsey will meet a real want. I shall recommend the work to my class next term when we read Cicero." - Prof. W. C. Poland,
Brown University, R..
"The work is certainly very scholarly, and I doubt if a better commentary on
it could be prepared." - Pr(of. Frank Sinalley, Syracuse University, New York.
"I think it in every respect preferable to all hitherto published, and shall introduce it as soon as practicable." -Prof. R. TV. Swan, Iowa College, Iowa.
"When we read Cicero, I shall certainly choose this edition in preference to
any I have seen." — Prof. WI. J. Gold, Racine College, Wisconisn.


JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston.




SMITH'S LATIN SELECTIONS.
Being Specimens of the Latin Language and Literature from the Earliest
Times to the End of the Classical Period. Edited by EDMUND H.
SMITH, Hobart College, N. Y. 12mo. 420 pages. $1.75.
" I consider the Selections to be an excellent and long-needed book. I
shall use it more or less every term from the beginning of Freshman year.
For reading at sight it is just the thing that I have wanted, and, in connection
with the study of the development of Roman Literature, such a book will be
highly interesting and profitable. I have always maintained that it is a flat,
stale, and unprofitable task for the student to read about the productions of
Latin authors, without at the same time studying the productions themselves." - Professor Charles Chandler, Denison University, Granville, Ohio.
"The Latin Selections I have examined with care from beginning to end,
and am marvellously pleased with it. For the purposes suggested in the
author's preface, I think it is by far the best thing published." - Professor
W. B. Gunnison, St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y.
"The Selections have been made with discretion, not only in that they
are interesting in themselves, but in that they are such as to show the peculiarities of the thought and style of the several writers. The book cannot fail
to be useful as a manual of exercises for translation at sight, and also as a
text-book in connection with instruction in tle history of Latin literature."
— Professor J. H. Hlewitt, Williamis College, Williamistown, Mass.
"The plan seems to me to be carried out with excellent judgment and
taste. This work certainly gives in succinct and attractive form a clear
view of Roman literature throughout its best periods." - Professor Tracy
Peck, Yale College, New Haven, Conn.
" It will be of great service in courses in Roman literature, containing
much that was not easily accessible before." - Professor W. F. Allen, State
University, Mladison, Wisconsin.
"A volume which will be of great service in teaching the Latin language and Roman literature, both of which find here abundant illustrations,
chronologically arranged." - The Nation, New York.


JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston.




BENNETT'S LATIN BOOKS.
BY SEORGE L. BENNETT, M.A.,
Head Master of the High School, Plymouth, Eng.,formerly Assistant Master
at Rugby School.
i. Easy Latin Stories for Beginners. With Vocabulary and
Notes. 16mo. 75 cts.
The aim of this book is to supply easy stories illustrating the elementary
principles of the Simple and Compound Sentence. It is intended to be used
either as a First Reader, introductory to Csesar, or for READING AT SIGHT,
for both of which purposes it is admirably adapted. The stories are various
and amusing, and it is hoped the notes will be found careful and judicious.
II. First Latin     Writer. Comprising Accidence, the easier Rules
of Syntax, illustrated by copious examples and Progressive Exer.
cises in Elementary Latin Prose, with Vocabularies. 16mo. $1.00.
"Tlhe book is a perfect model of what a Latin Writer should be, and is so
graduated that from the beginning of a boy's classical course it will serve
him throughout as a text-book for Latin Prose Composition."
III. First Latin Exercises. Containing all the Rules, Exercises,
and Vocabularies of the FIRST LATIN WRITER, but omitting the
Accidence. 16mo. 75 cts.
IV. Second Latin Writer. Containing Hints on Writing Latin
Prose, with graduated continuous Exercises. 16mo. $1.00.
Intended for those wlo have already mastered the elementary rules of
Latin Prose, this book contains hints on the difference between English and
Latin in idiom and in style, some notes on the commoner difficulties, and a
table of differences of idiom. The Three Hundred Exercises are fresh and
interesting, and give ample room for selection.




BENNETT'S LATIN BOOKS, Continued.
D      One or more of the above books are NOW  IN USE in Phillips.
Exeter Academy; Phillips-Andover Academy; St. Paul's School,
Concord, N. H.; St. Mark's School, Southboro', Mass.; St. Johnsbury
Academy; Adams Academy, Quincy, Mass.; Williston Seminary,
Easthampton; Harvard College; Amherst College; Boston University; Indiana University; and many other institutions of similar
standing.
From Principal A. C. PERKINS, Exeter Academy.
"We take Bennett's 'First Latin Writer' as THE BEST MANUAL OF LATIN
CoMPosITIoN for the first two years of our course. The 'Easy Latin Stories ' by the same author is excellently fitted for pupils when they are beginning to read Latin."
From Dr. H. T. FULLER, St. Johnsbury Academy.
"We have used Bennett's 'First Latin Writer' for the last two years,
and find it EMINENTLY SATISFACTORY. Instead of giving detached sentences
to illustrate special grammatical principles, like most books of the sort, it
takes the pupil over a well-graded series of exercises to the writing of connected discourse. It involves a knowledge of all the principles of Grammar
and Latin Idioms, and, by a skilful selection of review work, obliges the
pupil to keep what he has once acquired. Its breadth of vocabulary is commendable in that it is not restricted to the words of any single author,"
From The N. E. Journal of Education
"In the 'Latin Writers ' the editor has not sought by a special and limited
vocabulary to assist the pupil in reading one particular author, but has
rather endeavored, by a copious vocabulary and gradual but frequent use of
all the rules of Syntax, to give the pupil an excellent foundation for a sound
and comprehensive knowledge of Latin Prose Composition. The exercises,
too, are interesting in themselves, and take up the different idiomatic peculiarities in such an easy and natural way, that the pupil almost unconsciously
masters them, without having them glaringly thrust upon him in little
detached sentences, which, when mixed up in a narrative, he fails of course
to recognize. We cordially recommend these books to the attention of all
classical teachers."


JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston.




XENOPHON 'S MEMORABILIA.
With Introduction and notes by Professor SAMUEL Ross WINANS, College of New
Jersey. 16mo, 289 pages. $1.20.
The text of this edition follows in the main that of Breitenbach (Berlin, 1878), and
every effort has been made to give the results of recent scholarship. The text is
separated into convenient divisions by English summaries, which take the place of
the customary argument prefixed to the chapters, and put a logical analysis of the
text where it cannot escape the attention of the student. The notes are designedly
compact, yet are believed to contain all that is practically useful to the student.
The references to Goodwin's Grammar, his Moods and Tenses, to Hadley's Grammar, and occasionally to others have been made very full, especially on the earlier
portions of the text. The editor has also endeavored to supply brief sketches of
every thing of biographical, historical, or philosophical interest.
"It supplies a want long felt, and I have no doubt will be largely used, as it deserves. The introduction of the summaries into the text adds greatly to its value,
while the notes are succinct, with good references and apt illustrations." - Prof.
A. C. Merriam, Columbia College, New York.
"The notes are excellent, the paragraphing of the text is a great and valuable
help to students, and the book itself is a model of neatness. It is one of the few
unexceptionably well edited school-books in my library.  I shall use it in my
classes exclusively when we read the 'Memorabilia.' " -Prof. C. M. Moss, Wesleyan University, Illinois.
" I have used it with my Freshman Class during the past year with much satisfaction. I particularly approve of the subdivisions of the chapters and the headnotes to each of them, and have found the explanatory notes and grammatical
references to be of great benefit to the pupils." -Prof. H. Whitehorne, Union College, Schenectady, N. Y.
" Winans's 'Memorabilia' has met the needs of our students excellently well.
The page is neat, the notes happy; translations are sparse and discreet, and the
general references accurate and suggestive. We shall certainly continue its use."
- Prof. Jas. A. Towle, Ripon College, Wisconsin.
XENOPHON'S SYMPOSIUM.
Edited, with notes, by Professor S. R. WIxANS. 18mo, cloth, 96 pages. 50 cts.
The "Symposium," according to its original design, makes a delightful afterpiece
to the " Memorabilia."  In itself it has great value. As a source of information on
Attic morals and manners its value is not easily overestimated; and its lively conversational style enables the student to appreciate Greek idiom and enjoy the spirit
of the language.
JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston.