CON1STTITUTION OF T1 E STATE OF AL 5t2 t AS LEVISED AN3D AMENDED BY THE CONVE-NTIOiN AkSSEMBLE2D AT MONTGO.E-Y ON THE Fivrn- DAY OF NOVEME., A,. D. 1867. PR._A~PMfB LE. -Ws, the people of the State of Alabama, by our Rep:ressentatives in Coinventio. assembled, in order to establish justice, insure domestic tranquiltvy provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure to ou.rselves an4d to out posterity the righlts of life, liberty, and property invokiLng tthe favor and guidance:of Almighty (od, cad ordain and establish the following Constitntion and form of governnment for the State of Alabama: ARTICLE I. DECLARAT'1ON OF IGHT.S, That the great, general and essential principles of liberty aCnd * ee goverme.t mnay be reogonized and established, WE DECLARE:;,.1. that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by theair Creator with oet'ain inalienable:rights; tha-t among these are life, liberty,. and the pursuit of happiness. ~2. That all persons residenit in this State, born in the United States, or naturai lized or who sha1ll have legally declared their intoention to become citizens of the -United States, are hereby declared citizens of the State of Alabattm, possessing equal civil and political rights and public privileges. j3. That all political power is inherent in the people, and all free governmuents are founrdecl on their authority, andcl instituted for their benefit; and that, therefore, they have, at all times, an inherent right to chalnge their fermn of governnent, irk s:Lch manner as they may doeen expedient. {}4. That no person shall iDe deprived. of ithe right to'worshiip God according to the dictates of his own conscience. 5i. That no religion shall be establisheld by law. 6. That any citizen may speak, write, ancd publishl hlis seniim-ent; on all subjeets, being responsible for the akbuse of that liberty. l7 That the people shall be secure in -their persons, horuss, pipers.u and possessions from unreasonable seizures or searches, and that no warrant shall. issue to search any place, or to seize any person or thing without probable ciase, supported by oath or affirmation. T8. qhat in all crimiinal prosecutions, the accused ha.s I a right to be heard by himself and counsel, or either; to demand the nature arnd cause of accusation; to have'a,opy thereof; to be confronted by the writnesses against him; to have compulsory prc'csms for obta;ining witnesses in his favor; and ir a!! prosqec'utions by indictmeen or information, a. spee6y public t rial, by an imp'artial jury ofr te county or dist'ric in which the offence Twas eoomitted; and that he shall not be compolled. to give evidelnce agatinst hi.msalf, or be deprived of his' life, liberty or property, but -by due, cons e of law. 19o That no personi shall be accused or arrested, or detained, except in cases ascertained by hlw. and according to the forms which the same has prescribed; and tt no peoo'sr sh.all be punished but by virtue of a law established and promulgated. prior to 0-w1e offnee, and legally applied. -10. Ths. no person shall, for any indiciable offence, be proceeded against criminally by i-formaltion except in cases arising in the land a-nld naval service, or in the nr. itla;t when in asc ual service, or by le, ve of tlle court'or oppressions or misdomeanor in office: Provided, That in eases of-petit lateChOy, assault, assault and battery, affrayg, vnLaAwful assemblies, vagrancy, and other misdemezanors, -the General Assembly may by law dispense with a grand jury-, and authorize such prosecutions and proccecdings before Justices of the Peace, or such othller inferior courts als may be by law established. 11. Thaf;t no per son shall for the samte offence be twice put in j eopardy of life or limb. 11.2o That no person shall be debarred from prosecuting or defending, before any tribunzal in, tlhe Sta'te, by himself or cou.nsel, a. yy civil cause to which he is a party.. 113. That the right of trial by jury, shall remaiin inviolate. 114. That, in prosecution for thle publication of papers investigating thre official. conduct of officers or men in public capacitly, or when the matter publishecd is proper for public information, the truth thereof imay be given in evidence; and that in all indictments for libel, the jury shall have the right to determifie the law and the fiaots under the d(rection of the court. {15. That all courts shall be open, thaii every person, for tiny injury done him in his landIs goods, person or reputation, shall have a remedy by due process of law; wnd right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial, or delay. 116. That suits may b.e brought against; the State, in such manner and in. suob courts, as may be by law provided. 117. That excessive fines shall not be imnposed, or cruel punishiment inflicted. 118. That all persons shall, beforoe conviction, beo bailable k by sufficient sureties, except for capital offences, when the proof is evident or tihe presunlptrion great. Exeessive bail shall not, in any case, be required. 119. The privilege of writ of habeas coa'rpss shall not be suspended, except whe-n necessary for public safetv in times of rebil1ion or invasion. 120. That treason against the State sha11 ll consist only in levying war against it, or adherinag to its enemies, giving them aidt and comfort, and that no person shall be convictd of treason, except on the testi ionry of' two witnesses to the sarme overt; aet, or his own confession in oplen e,)urt. 121J. That no person shall be attainted of troeason by the General Asseambly and that no conviction shall work crruuption of blood, or forlei'tre of estite. 122. That no person shall be imprisoned for debt. 123. That no power of suspendirng laws sh1all be exeore;ci.s, ex-t by the iGlnerael Assemnbly, or by its authority. 1204. That no ex postfacto iLw, any 1w, mojrXllxitng tuotle obiigation oh co-it,;"tscs shall be made. {25, That private property shall not be tI koi or atpplied ior public 1use unless just compensation be made therefor; nor' shall pr:ivate propeity be taken for private use, or for the use of corporditions otlho, tihan mnaricipal, without 1i1 e cons-eat of the o-aer: Provided, however, rlht Ias rs may be mdte securing to persons or corporzations, the right of way over trhe lands of eitlher persons or ('orporatiols3 and for workls of internal improvement, the r igie I;o establish depoe;s, stations, anild tu nos ~ts but just compensation shall7 in all eases, b)e first made to the owner. 126. That all navigatble'waters shall:reimain forever public highways, free i-o tirel citizens of the State, and of the (United. Stters, without tasw impost or toll imposed; and that no tax, toll, impoost or wharfage sha:ll be demanded or received from ths owner of any merchand.ise or commodity, for the use of the shores, or tany wharf ereted' on the shores, or in, or over tile waters of rly navigablo stream, unless tire same be expressly authoriwod by the Cenorala Assemi b;ly. .'2'i. That -the ciizens hacve a right, in a pe aceable mannar, to assemble together -bor the common good, and to apply to those invested with the power of government, ibi redess of grievanlces, or other purposes, by petition, address or' remonstrance..28. Theat every eitizen has a ri ght to bear arms in defence of himself and the State. l29. Lbhat no person. who conscientiously scruples to bear arims, shall be compoelled to do so, b1ut may pay an equivalent for personal service. ~30. That no standing army shall be kept up, without the consent of the General Asselsbly; and, ita thait case, no appropriation for its support shall be for a longer term than one year and the military shall, in all cases and at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power. ~31. That no soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; or in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. &32. That no title of nobility, or hereditary distinction, privilege, honor, or emolument, shall ever be granted or conferred in this State; that no property qualification shall be necessary to the election to or holding of any office in this State, and that no office shall be created, the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than during good behavior.,33. That emigration from this State shall not be prohibited; and that no citizen shall be exiled. ]34, That temporary absence from the State shall not cause a forfeiture of residence once obtained. %35. That no form of slavery shall exist in this State; and there shall be no involuntary servitude, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted.,36. The right of suffrage shall be protected by laws, regulating elections, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influences from power, bribery, tumrult or other improper conduct. ~37. That this State has no right to sever its relations to the Federal Union, orto pa ss any law in derogation of the paramount allegiance of the citizens of this State to the Government of the United States. ]38. That this enumeration of certain rights shall not impair or deny others re.tanned by the people. ARTICLE II. STATE, AND COUNTY BOUNDARIES. 81. The boundaries of this State are established and declared to be as followsthat is to say: Beginning at the point where the thirty-first degree of North latitude crosses the Perdido river; thence East, to the Western boundary line of the State of Georgia; thence along said line to the Southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee; thence West along the Southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee, crossing the Tennessee river and on to the second intersection of said river by said line; thence up said river to the mouth of Big Bear Creek; thence by a direct line to thle Northwest corner of' Washington county, in this State, as originally formed; thence Southerly, along'the line of the State of Misssissippi, to the Gulf of Mexico; thence eastwardly, including all islands within six leagues of the shore to the -Perdido river, and thence up the said river to the beginning. ]2. The General Assem bly may, by a two thirds vote of both Houses thereof, arrange and desigmate boundaries for the several counties of this State, which boundaries shall not be altered, except by a like vote. But no new counties shall be hereafter formed of less extent thamn Six hundred square miles; and no existing county shall be reduced to less extent than six hundred square miles; and no new county shall be formed -which does not contain a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle it to one Reprosentative under the ratio of representation existing at the time of its formation, or unless the county or counties from which it is taken shall be left with the required number of inhabditatnts entitling such county or ccuaties to separate representation. ARTICLE IiI. O-CTR1IUJT'ION 0W POWERS OF GOYVERNMENT. a1. The powers of the goveinment of the State of Alabama shall be divided into three distinct department:, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit: Those which are legislative to one, those which are execrtive, to another, and those which are judiciall to anoher. {2. No person or collet.or- o-f persr, s b-inog of1 one of thotse dep:r'r;rents;fhall exercise, power properly belonging to cither of the othlers, except in lthe wimn1ainCees hereinafter expressly directed or pe rmi.teed. ] 0'[ S''LATI' 5 r 1tDEPAIRT/EN. ~l. The Legislative power of' thi;s S-tlte shall be vested i) a GClteneri.A-XsemLbly, which shall consist of a Senatte anid Huse of Representa'~, ves. ~2. The style of the laws of tlis S tatc shall be: "Be it c(act'ed by t5 j-re Ck Ial Assembly of Alaba3ma' Each lrwv shall contain buti one subject- which sh.ll be clearly expressed in its ttle; anud no lav sAhahl be r vised ori asmencdjcled unAeless thaee new act contain the entire act revised, or the section or sections amended; a.cid the section or sections so amended shall be repealed. V3. Senators and Representatives shall be elected by the qualified ele-ctors on the Tuesday after the first Mionday in'November. Tie term of office of the Senators shall be four years, and that of the Representatives two years, commencing on the day after the general election. ~4. No person shall be a Representative unless hle is eligible as an elector to vote for members of the General Assembly.,5. No person shall be a Senator unless he be eligible as an elector to vote for members of the General Assembly, and shall be twenty-seven years of age, and shall have resided for two years -within the State, and for the last year thereof within the district for which he shall be chosen.;6. The House of Reprlesentati es, when assembled, shall choose ap Speaker and its other officers; and the Senate shall choose a president, in the absence of the Lieutenant Governor, and its other officers; each House shall judge of the qualifications, elections and returns of its owrn mrembers, but a contested election shall be determined in such manner as shall be directed by law. The P'resident of tre Senate and the Speaker of the House of Represen.;tatives shall remain in office until their.sucessors are elected and qualified. -.7. A lmajority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to-day, and may compel the attendance' of absent me'mbers, in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. ~8. Each House may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish members for disorderly conduct, and, with the consent of two-thirds, expel a member; but not a second time for the same cause; and shall have all other powers necessary for a branch of the legislature of a free and independent State. ~9. Each House,,,during the session, may punish by imprisonment, any person not a member, for disrespectful or disorderly behavior in its presence, or obstructing any of its proceedings: Provided, That such imprisonment shall not at any time exceed forty-eight hours. 10. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and cause th:e sahme to be published immediately after its adjournment, excepting suchl parts as in its udgnment may require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question, shall, at the desire of one tenth of the members present, be entered on the journals.-Any member of either House shall have liberty to dissent from, or protest against any act or resolution, which he may think i -jurious to the public or an individual, and have the reasons of ]his dissent entered on the journals. ~11. Members of the General Assembly, shall, in all cases except t;reason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged fhom arrest; and they shall not be subj6e t to any civil process durings the session of the General Assembly, nor for fifteen days next before the commencement and after the termnination of each session. l12. When vacancies occur in either House, the Governor, or the person exerei'sing the powers of the G(lovernor, shall issue writs of elections to fill siuch vaeancies. 913. The doors of each House shall be open, exoept on such occasions as in the pinion of the House, may require secrecy. 114. Neither Hlouse shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which they mnay be sitting. 5,lB ils ina~ oriijonate in either 1ouse, aid be amen ded, altered or rejeeted, by the other; but no bill shall have the force of law, utntil onf throe several days it be! read in eaclh HLouse, a-nd free discussion be allowed. thereon unless inl case of ur.-:encyl our -fiohs of the louse in whicl thle bill shall be depending, may deem it expediet to d; spense with this rule. And every bill, having pssed both Houses, shall be si gned by the Spcieakr and President of their respective Houses ~ Provided, That atl bills fbr rais revenue shall ori gi.nate in the House of Representatives, out the Senoate miay amend or rep dc them as other bills ~16. Every bill or resolution iaving the force of law, to which the concurrence of both houes of the Gen oral Assembly mnty be necessary, except on a question of ad.joaurument,vwhich shalIl have passed both Houses, shall be presenuted to the Governor, and if he a-plrove he shall sign it; if not, he shall return it with his objections to the Hiouse in vWhich it shall have oseignat.ed, who shall enter the objections at large on the journals, Cud proceed to reconsider it. If aftier such reconsideration, a majority of the whole numnber o mcimbers of that HIouse shall agree to pauss it, it shall be sent together wirh the objections to the other Houlse by which it shall be reconsidered, and if approved by a majority of the whole number ol members of that House, it shall have the same effect ras if i~l h5ad been signed by the Governor; but in all such oesns the votes of bofth Houses.shall be taken by yens and nays, and the names of persons voting tbr and against tie bill or Deisonution son.a be entered on the journals of both Honse4 respectively. If the bill or resolution shall not be returned by the Governor wmtibMn five days (Su.nd'ays excepted) after it shall have been presented to hiho it soa-iJ, l e'Uhe same iorce amd eifect as -f he laid signed it, unless the General Asseombiy by its adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. i'. Every order,'resolution or vote, to wvhich the concurrence of both Houses may be necnssary (except on questions ot a, djoirnmeit, and for bringing on elections by the two tiouses) shall be presented to the Govrernor, an.d before it shall take effect, be approvaed by himu or being disapproved, shall be re-passed by both Houses, according to the rules and limitations orescribed in the case of bills. 118. chu mesomber of the CeTial Assembly shall receive from the public treasury suce compensation for his oices r as va y be prescibed by law; but no i.crease of compensation shall taoke effect dnurinm the session at which such increase shall iave been imade.;19. No Senator or Ropresentative shal, during the term. for which he shall have been elected, be appointed to any civil office of profit under this State, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of whichl shall have been increased during such term, except such office as may bh filed by election by the people. ~20. No person who holds any lucrative office under the United States, or under this Ptate, or any other State or Government, (except Postmasters, officers in the militia, to whose office no annual salary is attached, Justices of the Peace, members of the Court of County Commissioners, Notaries Public, and Commissioners of Deeds;) no person who has beoei convicted of having given or offered any bribe'co procure his election to any office; no person who has been convicted of bribeqy, forgery, perjury, or other high crime or mi sdemeanor, which may be by law declafred to disqualify him; and no person who has been a collector, or holder of any public moneys, and has failed to account for and pay over to the Treasury all sums fobr which he may -e by law accountable, shall be eligible to the General Assembly. h21. The Geeneral Assemnbly shall meet annually, on such day as may'be by law prescribed, and shall not remain iin session l om g er than irty days, except by a vote of two-the'ds of each House. (22. In all elections by the General Agssmembly, thle -m emiber s hal vote viva voce, and the votes shall be entered on the journsals~ 923. All State officersi may be impeached for any miesUd eme: o- in off'co. but judgmen-t shalI not cxtend further thani removal firom'ofice, ad disquah!ification to hold ofnce, u-nnder the nuthority of shin Stiate. The part'y inmpeachea d, whether convicted or not. shall be liable to indictmnent trial andc udg-eete ccording to Law. 124. Tiie House of sepresentatives Shall have the s ole power of preferring inhpeachiment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senateo; the Senators, when sittiln fior that purpose, shall be on on.ath or affirmation; and no person shall be convicted under an impeachment without the concurrence of two-0thirds of the Senatori, presenwt. {25. It shall'be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such laws as may be necessary and proper to decide differences by arbitrators, to be appointed by the parties who may choose that mode of adjustmenut. {26. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, from time to time, as cir:cunmstances may require, to frame and adopt a penal code, founded on principles of reformation. 527. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, witlhin five years after the adoption of this Constitution, and within every subsequent period of ten years, to make provision by law for the revision, digesting and promulgation of all the public statutes of this State, both civil and criminal. }28. The General Assembly shall have power to pass such peni al lows as theymay deem expedient, to suppress the evil practtice of dnelling. W29. it shall be the duty of -the General Assem'bly to regulate by lawi the cases in which deductions shall be m ade fron the salaries of public officers, for neglect of duty in their official capacities, and the amolint of such deductions. 30O. Divorces froml the bonds of natrimo-ly shall not beo granted bulij in,lte cases by law provided for, and by suit in Chancery; but decisions in Chancery foir divorce shall be final, unless appealed from in the moanner prescribOed( by lavw -wvithin three nmonths fro-mn the date of the enrolllnen thereof 231. No money shall be drawn from the Treasiry but in pursuac-_-ce of an nappropriation made by law; and a regular statement and account of tohe receipts and eu - penditures of all public nmoneys shall be published annually, in svch manner 9,9 may be by law. directed. 032. The General Assembly shall not borrow or raise money on the credit of this State, except for purposes of military defence agairst actual or threatened. invaesion, rebellion or insurrection,'without the con.ourruence of two-thirds of the members of each House; nor shall the debts or liabilities of any corporation, person or persons, or other States be guarantied, nor any money, credit or any othler thing be loaned or given away, except by a like concurrence of each House; and the votes shall, in each case, be taken by the yeas and nays and be entered on the journals. W33. The States shall riot engage in works of internal improvemnentl; but its credit in. aid of such, may be pledged by the General Assembly on undoubted security by a vote of two-thirds of each House of the General Assembly. &34. it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to make adequate provisions in each county for the maintenance of the poor of this State. 035 Any citizen of this State who shall, after the adoption of this Constitutiom, either in or out of this State, fight a duel with deadly weapons, or send, or accept a challange so to do, or act as a second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those thus offending, shall be incapable of holding any office under this State, &36. The cGeneral.Assembly shall not haIve power to authorize any municipal corporation to pass any laws contrary to the general laws of the State, nor to levy a tax on real and per sonal property to a g vater extent tha-n two per centun of the assessed value of such property. V3O In the event of annexation of any foreidgn. territory to this State, the General Assembly shall enact laws extending to the inhabitants of the acquired territory, all the rights and privilegees which may be required by the terms ot the acquisition anyything in this Constitution to thel contrary notwitbstand1ing. KRTICLE V..EXECUTIVEi DiEPA.iuTMENT.;1. The Executive Departmnent shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant G-over-:ior, Secretary of State, kuditor, Treasurer, and Attorney General, who shall be chosen by the electors of the State, at the time and places at which they shall vote for Representatives. ~2. The Governor, hLieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, T'Preasurer, and Attorney General shall hold their officers for the term of two years, a(rlnd the Auditor for the term of four years. U3. The returns of every election for the officers named in ithe preceding section, shall be sealed up and transmitteed to the Seat of Governrment, by the returning officers, directed io the presiding bfficer of the Senate, who, during the first week of the session shall open and publish the same in the preselnce of a ma jority of the members of the General Assembly; the person having the highest number of votes, shtll be declared duly elected, but if two or more shnall be highest and equal in votes for the same office, one of them shall be chosen by the joint vote of both Houses. Contested elections for Executive o.fflcers shall be deternined by both Houses of the General Assembly, in such rmanner as shall be prescribed by law.,4. The supreme executive power of this State shall be ves-ted.in the Governor. {5. He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed. ~6. He may require informa-tion in writing, flom;he officers in'the 1xecutive Deportment, upon any subject relating -to tle duties of ithir respective ofices. H7. He shall communicate at every session, by message to the General Assemlily the condition of the State, and recommend such measzres as he, shall deemn caxpedient. 58. He may, on exttraordinary occasions, conlene thle General Assemblcy p, roclaraation, and shall state'i,o both Houses,.i wIeynl. ssem.bl,' the pul'rposes.`;'or which they have been convened.;9. In caee of disagcreerment between'the txwo r ouses, in respectto t;O,e time of atdjournment, he shali have powrer to adjourn vthe Genoeral Ass embly tI; orcb h tii-ime asi'e maay think proper, but not beyond t'he megvlar mneetinw thorieoef. ~ 10. Het shall be Commander-in-Chief of the military and naNval broes of the State, excopt wihena they shall be called into the service of the TYnited States, Ile. He shall have pd6wer after conviction, to grant reprie'ves, comlmutatimons aid Pardons for all onfences, (except -treason and cases of impeachment-,) upo-n such conditions as he may think proper, subject, however, to such regulations as to'the manner of applying for pardons as may be prescribed by la-cy; but such pardons shall not relieve from civil or political clisability. Upon conviction of trLason, he may a uspend the execution of the sentence, and report the same i;o the e (Cer el Asscrmbly t the next meeting, when the General Assembly shall either pardon, comnmutce tshe sentence, direct its execution, or grant furthpr reprieve, Itle shall comminiutcate to the General Assembly, at every regula-e session, each case er reprieve, eonmmu ta on or pardon granted, stating the name and crime of the conyeict, thie s-enotneo, it, dates and the date of the conmutation, pardon, or reprieve, wieth his reasons theSefcrv;12. There shall be a Great Seal of the tatc, which shall cbe kept evid used by the Governor officially, and the seal heretofore in use sh, il. continue to bR thme great seal of the State uitil another shall have been acdopted by the G-enerl.Assembly. i13. All grants and commissions shall be issued in th nme ni,y the atuic tsnority of the State of Alabama, sealed with the Great Seal, signa by th e G-ovTerler, and countersigned by the Secreeary of State. I14. No member of Congress, or other peison, holdin- olf -ce u leor the U authorty of this State, or of the United Sttes, shall exec-te the otice of Goe rnor,::ept a herein provided,.315. In caso of the death, impetacliment;, resignation, a removial, or other disabil.ty of the Governor, the powers and. duties of tfhe offiee, for cthe resicdue l- t;he nern, oc ultil he shall be acquitted, o-r the disability removed, shiall devolvce upon_ th. Lieutenant Governor. 1l6.0 The Lieutenant Governor shall be } resident of thtA S'til, ut a, 1iall vote only when the Senate is equally dividedc, and in ease cf -'hi:: cbsen c I o r impaeachment,t or when he shall exercise tthe office of Governor, the Seate shall creos e a! resi, odenJ _peo tenmrpore. Il7. If the Lieutenant Governor, while cxecouting then ofvc~ of Gc overnr or/ -ihall be impeached, displaced, resign, or die, or other wise bcomne ielccable o: per orming the d-uties of the ( ffice. the Presient of the Senate s-a,-ll act as Governor ati the vacancy is filled or the disability renmoved: and if thre President of the,Senate for any of the above causes shall be rendered incapable of perfo rmingv the duties pertaining to the office of Governor, the same shall dev1-olve pon the Speaker of the -kouse of Representatives. ~18. Should the os ceof Secretary of State, Auditor, Trleasurer, or Attorney Geln. eral, become vacant fri ol aily of the causes specified in the fifteenth section of this Article the Governor shall fill tlie vracancy until the disability is 0remqved, or a successor elected ald endiaie d. Every such vacancy shall be filled by election at the'first general election that occurs more than thirty days after it shall hvwe occurred, and the person chosen shall held the office for the full ierm fixed. in the socond section of this article. ~19. The officers mentioned in -this article shall, at stated times, receive for their services a comrpensation to be ostablished by laxw, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which they shall have been elected. 2ag0. The officers of the Executive Departlme'at and of the public institutions of the State, shall, at leasit five days preceding each regular session of the General Assembly, severally report to the G-overnor, who shall;::Lusmit such reports with his message to t the General Assembly. ~21. A Sieriff shall be elected in each county by the qualified electors thereof, who shall hold his ofice for the ter-n of three years, unless sooner removed, and. shall not be eligible to serve either as principal or deputy for any two successive cieNrms. Vacancies in thei office, of Sheriff shall be:[filed by tl-fe Governor as in other eases; and the person appointed shall continue inr office until 1then next general eleo-e -fion si'the ountyl for slhelitF a-s by law provided. ARTTICLE VI. JUDICIAxL DEPARTMNTENT.;1. The Judicifall power of the State shall be vested in the Slenate ittiin g as a,']nitt of impeachhme nt, a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Chancery Courts, Courts nf PFrobate, such inlf rior Courts of Law and Equity to consist of not more than ive mem bers; as the General Assembly may Ifoinm time to time esta.blish, and such persons as maybe by law invested with powers of a judiccial nature, *2. Eceopt ill cases otherwise directed in the Constitution, the Supreme Court Shallinhve Cppeillate jurisdiction onlyi which shatll he co-extensive with the State, under suclh' 1restrictions andregulatioins not -repugniant to this Constitution, as mas y romn time to tiime be pr'escribed by law: Provided, That aid Court shall have powe -o issne writs of injunetion, manddauius, habeas corpus, quo.-warra-nto, and such otelle reimedial and original writs as nmay be necessary to give it a general super.. imltendclene and control of inferior jurisdiction. P3. Thie Stpremllle'oulit shuall be ielld at the seat of Govetrnm enlt bhut if that sh-alt have becomoe dcligerous freits an enemy, or fronm disease, it may adjourn to a different place. ~4. The State shadll be divided by thie G-eneral Assembly into convreernitl; circuits, each of' w-hich shall contaoin iotg less than three nor more than eight connties, and for each circui- there shall be chose n a Judge, who shbia, after his election or appointmernt: -eside in tihe circuit for which h1 e shalil have beeon chosen. I5. The Circuii Court shathll have origisnal juisdiction in all matters, civil and. eriminil within thlii Stalte, not othlerwvise e:xcepted in tIhe Constitution, but in civil eases onty when the mliatler or sum in contlroversy' exceeds fifty dollars: Provided, however' That the Circuit Court shall have equity jurisdiction concurrent witIh the Courts of Chanceory il all cases for dlivor e, and cases in which the valrue of t1e lmatter in t ceontr-oversy does not exceed the sum' of five thousand dollars. ~6. A Girocuit Court shalll be held in each count'iy in the State at least twice in evra- yca: aCld tIle Jun;es of ithe'evor-al Circuits 11may hold Courts for eachl other when thiey cieeml it expedientl, anILd s hadl do so w-ien1. dirocted by law: - rovided, That he JlCt, -es of the,everal 0 icnuit C(ourts,a h1 1 al e poer to.ssut e wr.ts of in 1 i]~'ct.;_cn r ur1nabl1e imlfo C'.lu'1:s' of Chanery. 17. Gi';' i-teneal's1:C!: 1 i. * L L1... e.,..... o {Jlia.n.c;, writ'h ori. iia v] ancO[ eptnlllate aiuri.l tio- n.'oI-he Stai;e th'a l -e dc'viicd. l by.thle Gex-...~ —i sembl a: -Ito conveen cut Chauiccory Divisions, anld. the Divlasions into'Districts;: d fcl )-r ea ic'h lvior thOre sha11 1)oe s C(ntl-cellor, A wlho sh.all, after his election or appint. ei in'the Divrson fo 1_ - I-Jc lie I al_1 hJave been. elected. ar appintl d,8, A. (Cl}'a.n`c.;r j o'ut.I.l: J, 1; — i: } Cid 5. n a'c. co itn a'i-, et, ip.ac te t — > erv, l and t;he (hllnceetlors m, y 1hOd courts for each other, when t;bey deoem it expedient. 9. The GenetraAl Asseunblly shai have power to establish i;n eah county within the State, a Courtr of Probote, Wtih gmenrai jurisdiet;ion f0r the graninrg of letters teste mentary u8nd of aCniEniistlraiionL and for orphma-,' business: and Che GCeneral Assen.bly may eonfo-r on the + s'id. courts jurLtdietion of cont;racts for labory aad order urequenet' sessibns for that purpose. 10. "The Jucdges of the Sunpr oe Co-urt, Circuit Cour.'s, an.d Courts of Ch.anLcery, shall>4 at stot ed timrnes receive for their servrices a compensation whilch shall not be diminisn.nhd curing their continuance in office;-but they shall reoeiVe no fees or perquisites, nor hold any ofiice (except judicial offices) of profit or tranet nunder this State, or t4le UniRted S tates during the term fbr rwhich they have been eleeted, nor under any other power during their coontinuance in office. P1i,. Judges of thle SUpremre Court and Cbancellors, -Judge.s; of the Circuit and. Probate Conurts, and of such other inferior courts as masy be by law esta;blished, shall be elected by the qualified electors of the respecti.ve counties, cities, towns or districts, for which said. courts mnay be establishecd on the Ttusd.ay after the firost Monday in Novemaber of each year, or such o;ther day as miay be by Iw prescribed. Va0cancies in the orice of tne Circuit Judge, Judge of P4`hate, or Judge of any other inferior court established by law, shall be filled by the Goverunor: and the person appointed by him shall hold office until the next election day appointed by law for the elec. tion of Judge, and until his successor shall have been elected and qualified. 112. The Judges of the several Courts of this State shall hold their office for the term of six years: and the right of any Judge to hold his office for the full term hereby prescribed, shall not be affected by any change hereafter made by law in any ~Circuit or District, or in the mrode or timhe of election; but for any willful neg.lect of duty, or any other reasonable cause which shall not be sufficientt ground of impeachment, the Governor shall renmove any Judge on tho address of two-thirds of each EHouse of the G-eneral Assembly: Provided, That the cause or causes for which said removal may be required, shall be stated at length in such address, and entered on the journals of each House: And provided further, That the Judge intended to be removed shall be notified of such canuse or causes, and shall be admit.ted to a hearing in Iris own dcelence before any vote for such address; and in all such cases the vote shall be taken by yea,s and nays and be entered on the journal of each House respectively. 113. A competent number ol' Justices and Constables shall be elected in and for each county by the qualified electors thereof who shall hold office during such terms as may be prescribed by law. Said Justices shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases wherein the amount in controversy does not exceed one hundred dollars In all cases tried before such Justices the right of appeal shall be secured by las.::; Provided, That Notaries Public appointed according to law shall be authorized and required to exercise, throughou. t their respective counties, all the powers and.jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace.;,14. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall, by virtue of their orieeso be conservators of the peace throughl.oou the Statoe; as also the Judges of the, ircuit Cgurts within their respective Circuits, aand the Judges of the inferior Courts wihin their respective counties. 115. The Clerk of the Suplreme Court shell be appointed by the Juudlges thereof, *the PRegisters in Chancery, by the Chancellor of the Divisions, and all the Clerks atnd Registers so appointed shall be removed by the appointing power for cause'to be placed on the records of the Court. 1 i6. The A ttorney General eshall ide al t the Seat of Gtovernlment, and shall be the law officer of the State. During- the sessrion of the General Assellrbly~ he shall fnrnish tr troe Coxrmm3it-tees of eitheir House whien reqrirre, drra'ts of bills a.nd written opiniolls upon'nev Imt er 1 der considesratirc' of the Crrommittees a.U(i shall perftorm- such. othler duties as may be required of linem by law. 11';7. A Solicitor shall be elected in each countly in this Stateo by t1he q.alified electors of such County whio shall reside in the conntyr ior whiLIch ire is elected, and perrofru such dut;ies as nasy be required of heim by law. He shall hold office foir a toeral of four- years anid -mL cae of vaeancy,r such vacancy shall be fil}..ed. by the Juge of c the i.rcu-it oUntri his successor lis elected rdlid qtatalfied[ 10 1i8. Cleh3rks of the Oircuit Court and such inferior Courts, as may be by law established7 shall be elected by the quali-fed electors in each county for the term of six yevrs, and may be removed from ofice for cause and in such nmanner as may be by blaw prescribed. N acancies in the office of Clerk shall be filled by the Judge of the Court, until the next general election and until a successor shall be elected and qualified. Provided I That the Gene-ral Assembly shall have power to annex the duties of Cleork to t;he orece of Judge of any of the inferior Courts by law established. 319. The style of a11 processes shall be " The State of fi.abcsrna,', and ail pros-. ecutions shall be carried on in the narle and by the authority of the State of Alabama, and shall. conclude gainsts the'.,peace and dignity of the samte.' ART?,'LE VIii. ELECTIONS. ~1. In all elections by the people, the electors shall vote uby b allot. &2. Every malle person: born in'he Jnited States, -and every mlale persorl. who has beenr natu-ialized, or -who has le.oahly declared his inten'tion to become a citizen of Lthe Unrted States, twenty-one tyears old or upward, who shall have resided in tis St.ate i onhs nnmext pe reced i in the election, and three months in the connuty in which hle e ofiel, to vote, e0cep3t as hereinafter provided, shall be deemed an elect;o: Provided. r.11apt no soldier or sailor, or marine in te military or naval service of the United States, shall hereafter acquire a residernce by reason of being stationed on ad.uty in this State. i3, It sh)1ll be the duty of the General Asse(mbly to provide, from time to time, for the the registration of all electors, bnt the following classes of persons shall not be permilded to register, vote or hold office: lsta Those who during the late rebellion imnficeted, or caused to be inflicted, any cruel or unusual punishment upon any soldier, sailor marine, employee or citizen of the United States, or who, in any other wavy violated the rales of civilized warfare. 2d. Those who may be disqualified from holding office by the proposed amendment *to the Constitution of the United States known as "Article XIV," arnd those who have been disqualified from re.isteringo to vote for delegates to the Convention to frame a Constitution for the State of Alabama, under the act of Congress'! to provide for the more eficient government of'the rebel States," passed by Congress March 2, 1867, and -the acts supplermentary thereto, except such persons as aided in the reconstruction proposed'by C(ongress, anld accept the polit.ical equality of all men before the law: Provided, Trhat the General Assembly shall have po-we to remove tihe disabilities incurred under this clause. 3d. Those who shall have been convicted of treason, emberzlement of public fund's, malfeasance ir ofice, crime punishanble by law with imprisonment in Iti, penitantiary, or bribery. 4th. Those who are idiots or insane. ~4. All persons before registering, must take and subscribe the following oath' I -, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and inaintain the Constitation and laws of the United States, and the Constitu-tion and laws of the State of A.labama. that I am not excluded ftiom recistering by aJny of the clauses in Sec. 3, Ar ticle 7, of thie Conslitution of the State of Alabama; that I will never countenance or aid in the secession of this State frorn the United States; that _I accept the civil -'aid political equality of all men; and acgree not to attempt to deprive any person or persons, on account of race, color, or previous condition, of any Dolitical o& civil _right, privilege or ir rmmunity, enjoyed by any other class of men; and -urthermoret that I will not in any way injure% or countenance in others any attempt to injure any person or persons on account ot past or present support of the Governmeont of tine United States, the laws of the United State, or the principle of the political and civil equality of all inen, or for affiliation with any political party. ~5 Electors shall, in all cases except treason, -felony, or breach of the peace, be p-rivileged from arrest and civil process during their attendance at; elections, and in going to and returning irom the samie. ~6. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly -to enact adequate laws giving protctlion ag'ar st the evilsi arising froni the use of intoxicating liquors at elections. V. Beturns of elections for all civil officers elected by -the people, who are to be cormuissioned b;)y the Governor, and also for the members of t.hle CloneT,al.Assembly, shall be maade to the Se-cret.ary of State. ARTICLE VIII REPIESENTATION. ~.. The House of iepresentatives shall consist of not mom t an one hundred, members, who shall be apportioned by the General Assembly amnong the several counties of the State according to the number of inhabitants in themn. respectively and to this end -the General Assembly shall cause an enumera-t.ion of'l.1 the inhabitants of the State to be made in the year 1875, and every ten years thereaSfter, and shall make an apportionment of the Representatives among -the several connties at the filrst regular session after each enumeration; which apportionilent, when made, sh311 not be subject to altcration until after the next census shall ha ve eenl t'aken; Provideds That each county shall be entitled to at least one Pepsnt l iva And, provided fmrther:, That when two or nlore adjoining counties shall oeach tl ave a resSdum, or fraction, over and above the ratio then fixed by law-l whichi fracti. onas when added togetheor, equal, or exceed that ratio, in theat cas,, the coeunlv hav-ing the Ilargest iraction shal2l be entitiled to one additional Representattive. i.2. Until t;he General Assembly shall maBke an ap,)portionmentL o' C;he Re seaa — 4i-Ves camoniog the sever:al counties after the firsti e numeastion imd as herei provided, thw counties of Autau? a, Baldw'in Bibb, Blount Butler Calaounn, Clay-, (1c1arkre,. hchoroee Cioeburnne, Crenshaw CIoota-w, Coflee, Coneuuhb, Cooas, Coivmton, Dale, DefKalb, Elumore, FaySette. lenry, Jeifo Laiuderdale, Liaesltone, Jarsthall, Marion-, ionlroe Iorga n Pike, Randlclp St. Clair, Shelby -,i TWalei, h1 snington and iTnston, s1hall have one Represeutative e'ach; the counties ofCha9m}bert;s., Franklih Greene Hae; Jacison, Lee Lawrence. Macon, Pickens, RuZssell, Tailadiaga Tallapoosa ani Tuseaioosa, shall be eutitled to twv PRepresentitives yach; &.i e cout-nties of, arborBullock Lowades,.i.adisoi. Ma1larengo, Perry, Smater and aWilcox, shall be, entitledL to tl-ie Representatves I each; the countiets of Dal1as, Mif:o-bile and Montgomervy shall be entitled to five Representatives each: tProvYided, T'iat int the formatilcon of new counties thne Geneeral.Ass-,onbly may apportion;o0 ich. tss; pvro per r epresen etiio n.?3. The whole nuimber of Senators shall] be not less than,) ot'e-teeo.tr/tl.c more than one-htir cd of the whole number of Representatives; and it shall be the duty of the Generael Assembly, at its first session a[fter the making of teach enuierantlaion, as provided by section 1st, of this article, to fix by law the numbe of Senie:ors and to divide the State into as many Senatorial Districts as there a-re Senators- which Districts shall be as nearly equal to each other as may be in the numaber of inhabitants, and each ishall be entitledl to one Senator and no more: PI.rovided, that no county shall be divided, and no two or more counties, which are separated entirely by a county belonging to another District, shall be joined in one District -nd Provided, further, that the Senatorial Districts when formed, shall not bDe a' i"ngen until after the next; enumeration has been takel..4. At the first general election after each new apporti.onaent, electiot-ns shall be held anew in all te Senatorial Districts. The Senators elec*'d whe co-nvened at tihe next ensuing session of the General Assemnbly, shaall be diridied by lo0 into two classes, as nearly equal as may be: the seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of two years, and t'.ose of the secoan d ass at the expiration of four years, ifrom the day of election: so thatm (excep'ti;L, abowv provided,) one halff of the Senators may be chosen bieunnolyt.;5. Until the General Assembly shall divide the State into Semttorial Distriets as herein provided, the Senatorial Districts shall remain as follows.st 1tDistriuct Limestone and Lauderdale; 2d, Franklin and Lawrence; 3d d ITf(orgtan, Blou nt; Winston and Marion; 4th, Madison; 5th, Jackson, Marshall an-d DeI alb: 6, Clherokee acnad Calhoun; 7. Walker, Jefferson, and St. Clair; 8, Shelby and Biob; 9, T5uscaloosa and Fayette; 10, Talladaga and Clay 1 lth, Chaimbers, 1Randolph andi Cleburnme 12th, C(oosa and'aiiapoosa; 1th Lh e 14th Macon; 15th, Russeil; Iltihl Bullock; 17th, Barbour; 18th, Autauga and Elmore; 19th, Montormery; 2OtLa, owndcles; 21st, Dallas, 22d, Perry; 23d, Hale 24th, Greene and Pickens; 25th, Suonter; 2B6th, Marengo; 27th, Choctaw, Clarke and Washingtoni.; 28th, Mcob-e; 29th Monroe and Baldwin; 30th, Wilcox; 31st, Butler and C0oaecuh; 32nd, Coeingrton, Ctenshaw and Pike 33d, ConFee, Dale and Henry. C6. Until a new apportionment of representatives to tihe Congress of the United -States shall have been made, the Congressional Districts shaLfl remain as stated in the Revised Code of Alabama, and after each new apportionmenit, the General Assembly shall divide the State into as many Districts as it is allowed Representatives in Congress, making such Congression'al Distrits as nearly equal ia the number of inhabitants a(s may be. ARTICLE IX. TAXATION. "I1. All taxes levied on property in this State shall be assesscd in exact propior'tion1 to the value of such property: Provided, h. owever, That the G-cneral. Assc-ebbly may levy a Poll Tax not to exceed one dollar a.d fifty eents on eachl. Poll, whItch shall be applied exclusively in aid of the Public School Fund. 2. N'o power to levy taxes sh all be delegated to individuals or private col'[t)rationv ARTICLE X. ILITITA. {I. Al.l able-bodied male inhabitants of L, lis State, betwee-n the ages of eighteen years and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United Stailes, or have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, shall be ihable emilitary duty in the nmlitia of this State; but all citirzes of any denomiitstion whitever, who.from scruples of conscience may be aversei to bearing arms, sl:all be exemLapt there.. fkonrn upon such conditions as may be preseribercI by law. )2. The General Assembly shall provide ifr the organzimo-,f arming eOluiping, and discipline of the militia, and for paying the same, when c'lled into active ser, vice, i]n such manner as it shall dceem. expe. det nJ' notit incomtpai;ble with thle-`aws of the Unstel States. 31. ffiters of the militia shall be elected or appointed, and coimmaissioned n such mlannrl ats nlay be provided by the Ge-neral Assesmbly 14. Thle Governor shall be Commander-in-aChief of the sarmy end navy of this Sta..e and of the militia., except when called into the service of the United States, and'i, have powar: to call forth the irulitia to esecuate ~ne laws, to suppress riots, or mesurrmections, and to repel invalion. 35. Th'e Governor shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the Senater, appci'st one M arjor General Ind three Brigadier G-enerals. Thse Adjutant General, and other siff officers to the Commanderin-hilter, shall be appointed by the Governor, and l;heir commiissions shall expire with the Governor's term of service. No comnmissioued officer shall be removwd from office except by the Senate, on the reco.nmendation of the Governor, stating the grounds on which such re:1moval is rectm..mend ed. or' by the decision. of a couret martial pursuant to law. 3; 6 The i-ilitia may be divided.into tVo cflasses, to be designated as "volunteer nailita" and reserve militia,' in such imanner as shall be provided by law. 7. The militia shall, in all cases, except fellony, treasson b or breach of the peace, be pi v;ieged fiom aLrrest during their attendance at mnusters and elections of officelrs and in going to end returning front the same. i. T'he officers acnd ien commissioned aend organiz;ed shhli not be entitled to, or recive -tny pav; ratnions; or emoluments when nzt in active s-rvte, e.ART ICLE XI. EDUCATION. I 4" Te Tcolmon schools0 and other eduLcatiomsal institution of soh State, s hall be tudei- twhe mlanagemlen't of a Boartd of Education, consisting of a Superi t ndent of.upo;!str:on a-nd o mrasemses froee eaeoi. Con'ssIronal District. Tle Governor of the State shall be ex oy ciO a wmemsobe:: of thwe Boa'-d, -3t d'ha'l have no vote in ites proceedin-s. 2. The Sueiteilneucenat of Public Instlruction shall be President of the Board of Education, and 1ave thse casting vote in case of a.ie h1e shall have the supervision of the Public Schools of the State, and perform such other duties as may be im.posed aupon hima by the Board and the laws of -the State. He shbll be elected:in the same mnanner and for the same term as the Governor of the State, antcd receive 13 sumcti sl:ar,':y as may be fixed by law, A-n oice shall be assigned him in the Capi;ot of tthe State. a3 The members of the Board shall hold office for a termi of four years,'and uuntil thoir successors shall be elected'E1 qralified. After the first election under' the Constitution, the Board shall be divided into two equal classes, so t1hat each class shall consist of one nember fro eaach Distric-t, Phe seats of -the first class shall b- vac.ated a.. he expiration of two years form the day' of election, so that; one-half nmay be chosea biennially. h4. The membaers of the Board of Education, except the Superinten dent, shall he elec-ted by the qualified electors of the Congressional Districts in which the'v are chosen, at tse same time anc in the same manner as the members of Congress. 5 The Board of Education shall exercise full legislative powers in reference to the public educational institutions of the State, and its acts, when approved by the Governor, or when re-enacted by two-thirds of the Board, in case of his disapproval, shall have the force and effect of law, unless repealed by the General Assemobl. # 6. It shall be the duty of the Board to establish throughout the State, in each township, or other shool district which it may have created, one or -nore schools at' which all the children of the State, between the ages of five and twenty-on e years1 may attend free of charge.;7. No rule or law affecting the general interest of education shall be made by tihe Board without the concurrence of a maijority of its members. The style of all acts of the Board shall be, "' Be it enacted by the Board of Education of the State of Alabama.". ~8. The Board of Education shall be a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of the Board of Educatiosn of the State of Alabauma. Said Board shall also be a Board of Regents of the State tUniversity, and when sitting as a Board of Regents of the University, shall have power to appoint the Preident and tle facultie, thereof. The President of l;he Univerity shall be ex o ficio a member of the Board of' Regents, but shall have no vote in its proceedings. Q 9. The Board of Education shall meet annually at the seat of Government at the same time as the General Assembly, but no session shall continue longer than *twenty days, nor shall more than one session be held in the same year, unless authorized by the Governor. The members shall receive the samei mileage and daily pay as the members of the General Assembly.,10. The proceeds of all lands that have been or may be granted by the United States to the State for educational purposes; of the swamp lands; and of all lands or other property given by individuals or appropriated by the State for like purposes; and of all estates of deceased persons who have died without leaving a will or heir; and all moneys which may be paid as an equivalent for exemptionfrom military duty, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, which may be intreased but not diminished. and the interest and income of which, together with the rentas of all such lands as imay remain unsold, and such other means as the General As-. sembly may provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to educational purposes, and. to no other purpose whatever. i1l. In addition to the anmount accruing iomln the above sources, one-fifth of the agregaicte annual revenue of the State s1hall be devoted exclusively to the mai.ne tenan-e of public schools. 12. The Generna! As.embly mlay gove powelr to the authorities of the Schooe Districts to ievy a Poll TSax on the inhalbitants of the DIistrict in aid of the Generat' School Fuud end for no other purpose. 113. TIe Genesal _asemsloy shasl levy a specific annual tax upon all Railroad,.. Navigations glankingl aud Insanrcei n Coi poitions, and upon all Insurance and Foreisgn Bank an.d Extha'nge gAgenciese and upon the profits of Foreign Ban- bills. isased is this State by any Corporation, partnership or persons, which shall be exelnasively devoted to the maintenance of publls3ic schools.,L4. The Gen~.eral 1Assermbly shall, as soon as practicable, provide for tle establishment of ax Aonricult'-;raal College, anid shall appropriate the'two hundred and forty tho sand acres of 1 i.i donasld t.o thblis State for the support of such a college, by the act of oltig'res, pssedl:July 2.1'. 865, or the money or scrip, as the case may be, a-risng fro"m the sale of said lJnds or any in.ds whdbich ulsay herNeaf'er be granrted, or appropriated for such purpose, for'the support and mainrtenance of such college or schools, and may make the same a brancl of the University osf labama for instru:.. tion in agricuilture, in the mechanic arts and the natural sciences connected thereWithl_ aaxd place'the samet nuder the s-upervisiol of the Re:'eLnt; of the i n 1iversity,. IND ISTM7tIAI Rti.:SOURI IS. {i. A u Bureau o' nLdlustrial ReSI osourci shabll be established, to be unader t1}e- man. agerment of a cormlmissioner, who shall bo clettled at the first crneral elecion, an.d shall hold his oisice for the teIrm of four years. ~2. The Co-mmissioner of Industrial Resources shall collectl aid condoenuc statistical information concerning the produc-ive industries of the Starte; and shall make, o0 causnoe o hbe made, a caretull, accurate and thoroulgh eport upon the agriculture and. geology of the State, and mannually report such additions as the pro~ress of scientific developmnent alnd extended explorations may require. Ite shall, from time to time, dissem-iinate a-muong' tbe people of the State such nowlecdge as he may deem important, concerning improved nmachine'ry and production, and lfor the promotion of their agricultural, laniti' ufacturing and lining interests; and shall send out to the people of the United States and foreign corntries! such reports concerning th:e indus-trial resources of Alabama, as rmay best make kntown the adsvantaages offeroed by the State to im;irants; and shail perforrs such other dluties as thoe (eneralil Assermbly amay require. 3 t sial behe ne A ly a thei duty of the C-Ien l Assenbly at ho linit session after the adoption of this Constitution, to pass'such laws tnd regulations as may be necessary f(br Ithe government and protection of this Bureau, andl also o fix ni provide for the compensation of the Comnmissioner. i4. This Bureau shall be located, and the Commissioner:dhahil reside, at the Capital of the State, and he shall annually make a written or printed report to tlhe Governor of the State, to be laid before the General Assembly at each sessiois.,5. In case of the death, renmoval or resignation of the Commissioner, the Gover.. nor, with the approval of the Senate, shail have power to appoint a Commissioner for the unexpired term. ARTICLE XII.. CORPORATIONS. I. Corporations may be formecd under general laws, but shail not be created by special act, except for municipal purposes. All general laws manud. special acts. passed pursuant to this section may be altered. amended or repealed.,2. Dues from Corporations shall be see;ured by suchiundividlil I ib! libites of' thIe Corporators or, other means as may be prescrilred by law:3. Each stockholder in any Coposqation shall be liable to Utse amount uo the stock held or owned by him. ~4. Trhe property of Corporatinmslla meow existing,' or hereafter created, slall for. ever be subject -to taxation the samea as property of individuals, except Corlporations for educational and charitable purpo:ses. No5. No right of way shall be appropriaeted to the use of,1-y Criorpo:'atiol, unil full compensastion therefor be first made in money, or seeireid by a deposit of money to the owner, irrespective of any benefit fiomn any imiprovenmeidt proposed by sunh Corporation, which compensation sheali bet ascertained by a jury ao twelve meult n a court of record,'as shall be prescribed by law.,6. The General Assembly shall not hav:1e power to establish or incorporate a)yv bank or banking company, or moneyed institution, for the purpose of issunin d bills of credit or bills payable to order or bearer, except under the conditions prec rib)ed in this Constitution. ~7. No bank shall be established, otherwise theltz under a genceral bIamling law, as provided in the fiust section of this artcle. ~8. The General Assembly mry ntit a oge neral banking law, which iavs,hall provide for the registry and coiuntersigraing b; the Governsor of t(he! State, of aI paper credit designed to be created as money; and ample collateral security, conlvertable into specie, or the redemption of the same in gold or silver, shall be required, and such collateral security shall be under the control of such officer or omeicers mas Fmay be prescribed by law.`9..All bills or notes issued as money, shall be, at all times, redeemable in gold or silver, and no la- shall be passed sanctioning, directly or indirectly, -the suspen.. sion, by any bank or banking company, of specie payment. 110. Holders of bank notes shall be entitled, in case of insolvency, to preference or paymzent over all other creditors.,11. Every bank or banking company shall be required to cease all banking opsrations within twenty years firom the time of its organization, and promptly there. after to close its business. ~12. No bank shall receive directly, or indirectly, a greater rate of interest than shall be allowed by law to individuals lending money. 113. The State shall not be a stockholder in any bank, nor shall *the credit of the State ever be given or lent to any banking company, association, or cor.poration, except for the purpose of expediting the construction of railroads, or works of internal improvement, within this Stater and the credit of the State shall in no case be given or: lent without the approval of both Houses of the General Assembly. V14. PAll Corporations shall have the right to sue and shall. be subject to be sued, in all courts in like cases as natural persons. 115. It shall be the duty of the General.assembly to provide for the organization of cities, and incorporated towns, and to restrict their power of taxation, assesslent- aund contracting of debt. ARTICLE XIV. EXEMPTED PROPERTY E11. The personal property of any resident of this State to the value of one thousand dollars, to be selected'by such resident, shall be exempted from sale on execution or other finil process of any court issued for the collection of any debt contracted after the adoption of this Constitution.,2. Every homestead not exceeding eighty acres of land, and the dwelling and ap.. purtenances thereon, to be selected by theowner thereof, and not in any town, city, or village, or in lieu thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in a city, town, or village, with the dwelling and appurtenances thereon, owned and occupied by any resident of this State, and not exceeding the value of two thousand dolars, shall be exempted from sale, on execution, or any other final process from a court, from any debt contracted after the adoption of this Constitution. Such exemption, however, shall not extend to any mortgage lawfully obtained, but such mortgage or other alienation of such homestead, by the owner thereof, if a married man, shall not be valid without the voluntary signature and assent of the the wife of the T3. The homnestead of a family, after the death of the owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of any debts contracted after the tadoption of this ]Constitution, in all cases, during the minlority of the children. 14. The provisions of Sections one and two of this Article shall not be so con-:strued as to prevent; a laborer's lien for work done and performed for the person claiming such exemption, or a mechanic's lien for work done on the premises.;5 If the owner of a homestead die, leaving a widow, but -no children, the sarme shall be exempt, and the rents and profits thereof shall inure to her benefit. f6. The real and personal property of any female ill this State, acquired before inarriage, and all property, real sand personal, to which she may afterwards be entitled by gift, grant, inheritance or devise, shall be and remain the separate estate arnd p roperty of such female, and shall not be liable for any debts, obligations, and engagemzents of her husband, and may be devised or bequeathed b'y her, the same n Aif shwe were atfemme sole. ' 1'''i'lite-t o?e n or uypon'th eec:ioa o t-ihio I il " l l. t-e...... t;he(:ilt-cwi-lg oa;th d (:_.A_., X d so l. emru:,,'(y i,'), C) (t l_ W, a ftil t]:i; I JQ- r,,t'`-1-n:"aIt bv 0'' -: stituticta?.t of 8 In'zbna, or by the C0.nstit'ttio: (o'rt l.awjs of the Ui;odt'iaie,om,- te is u I. -will hoinestly and i:ithfliy spport:d dtl cef,t:dcl th e d tsit n a -vs of ile Jnited States, the Jla:ion,' the.i -t,. t.e a'....on'id ta"ws a itv SteXte of Alabal'a, so long' as i reai rr n a oitize n t;he:tref a d.hae;t i wil'honestly aud:d'all$h fally cniscoharge -the cdcttie oe the office uponl wih w i ii m. a'ibolt t o eito;r Lto tihe bes't, p. my aobini.ty, S0o.hel3p me m God,1" ARTICLE NXYVT. aMINDMMENTS TO THtE CON,-rTITU'.'tOiN. 1t..The General Assembly, whenever two-thirds of en,%1h Je-ol:ec shall deemnit nec essary, may propose amendments to this Constit;tlionl wi1himcl proposed amnendrienti;s shall be duly published in print at least three months before the next geonerad election of Representatives, for tlhe consideratio- of' the people; and itu shall be the dutv of the several reltuirnnirg ofiicer at; the next -,ee il elect ion mrhich s,"hall be h'eld for Hepresoa':lttltive,;to, orpen:, p-oli for, a*i nd make ia oet-mrvn' to t..4i; c:'e'hmry of S-tate -Ior the time be1iJg, of the lia" m:es o; a,l1 lltoUse -voA ti for aRo:4"e''Se, ftttes o"ho have voted on such proposecd alendimen ts, anod if tileraltm on it she'!ii -apIea.'ch:t a nmajority of all the citizens of' the State votint' for I eprersentatives, eit, er "'l;oed in favor of such proposed a.mlendiant.ts:lndi two-.thirds of each H ouse of -the ne'x; GItet-. erl. Assembly s:ball, a1fter such a1 election, and before anotoher, rratify',e stane amenidments, by yeas and nays, they shall be valid to -ll intents' atd li:'poses, as part-of this Consituti.don 3rovided, that tle said proposed anmeidments sti all ateach oif fe saicd sessioils, ha.!ve been read three tirnes on three several d avs ion each House. After the expiratioan of tlwelve monLths fromn. the adopti.on of l;his Co:aostlt'it-i, no Conivertion shall be held for the purpose of altering or amending the Constituntionl. of this State, unless the question of Conventtion or nr Convention sball be first submitted to a vote of all the electors, twenty-one years of age and upwa-rds, and approved by a liajority of ithe electors voting at said election. EI. MT. PECK, Presidee,' -RoB'isar BAR:E.R, Secretary. A. J. Applegate, Thoioas Adamsars W... Austin, B. Alexande,, J. H. Autrey, D. H. Bingham, WaaT.::Lackford, A. Bilngham, M. D. Brainard, Samt. Blandon,'WV. Buokley, A.. uE. Buck, J. 1H. Burdicis, C. W. Buckley, J. Carraway, P. hlurt;on, J,. Collins, D. E. Coon, J. 1i. Davis homas Digges ri. J. Dykes, George Ely, P. Finley, S. S, CGarefe-:, W. C. G-arriso-n,, (.,regocy, K G ie - A, C6'idRat Ha eir. aacohediy, C. aHayes, I:. Iuge, W, Johnson, A NV'. J3,ones, C. J ones, J.. C t-elr, S, F. tKenn-al.mer,' Ton Lee, D Lore,. J:e cGown J. Alaharnl, M.- e-Leod, B 0., a. asteson, J.. s lartin, S. ore, C.A. Miller, J-. i. A Morton, a, T. M. Pet;er's, G. IW, Norris i, s. C. isell,, Rpite,.. sisbyi, F. aL it h. SSkinnert,, EH. J. Springfield, O. C S teed, SJd'. P. Stow, L. B. Strange.'W. A. Walier, C.. W Whltnc leyr,. tker,. J'. TVWikilhe. J. A. Yordy,..'. Reynolds, N. D. Starewood. PRINTED A'I THE OREAT HiLPUBLI.,CT OFFPICEE, WiAS.HING-T0.NN r, (1.