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Report of Committee
ON THE
SOCIAL EVIL
Honolulu Social Survey
MAY 1914
Printed by
fIonolulu  Star-Bulletin, Ltd.
Mierchant Street
191 4




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Report of Committee
ON THE
SOCIAL EVIL


Honolulu Social Survey
11'V
MAY 1914
Printed by
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd.
Merchant Street
1914




Mr. Geo. W. Smith,               Hon. Win. L. Whitney,
Chairman of the Executive Committee.            Secretary.
Honolulu Social Survey
Under the Auspices of the Board of Trustees of the
Kaiulani Home for Girls.
/i Q
Vol.   I. Industrial Condition of Women and Girls......................................  Frances  Blascoer
Vol. II. Dependent Children.............. Frances Blascoer
Vol. III.  The  Social Evil....................James A. Rath
Vol. IV. Housing Conditions................. James A. Rath
Vol. V. Family Budgets.................... James A. Rath
Executive Committee.
Mrs. Frances M. Swanzey
Chairman Committee on Industrial Conditions
Mrs. Walter F. Dillingham
Committee on Dependent Children
Mr. John R. Galt............................The Social Evil
Mr. George R. Carter..................... Housing Conditions
Miss Louise Gulick....................Family Budgets




HONOLULU SOCIAL SURVEY
<^~~~ ~                The Social Evil.
id~~~s,~ ~INTRODUCTION.
rs   ~    In 1912 the Board of Trustees of Kaiulani Home for Girls
<   ~   brought to Honolulu as special investigator of conditions among
women and girls Miss Frances Blascoer of New York. After
a few weeks' work it became evident that what the city needed
was a complete social survey. The Trustees therefore called a
meeting of social workers and other interested citizens, where
an Executive Committee to conduct the survey was appointed,
with Mr. George W. Smith as Chairman, Hon. W. L. Whitney,
Secretary, and with sub-committees on Industrial conditions, Dependent Children, The Social Evil, Housing Conditions, and
Family Budgets. Miss Blascoer was chosen Director of the first
two lines of investigation and Mr. James A. Rath of the latter
three. The Committee on the Social Evil was composed of;
Mr. John R. Galt, Chairman
Riley H. Allen
Mrs. Nina L. D. Fraser
Miss Frances M. Goold
William C. Hobdy, M. D.
Rev. Leopold Kroll.
Roderick 0. Matheson
Mason F. Prosser.
James A. Rath
Doremus Scudder, M.D., D.D.
Miss Sadie C. Sterritt
Hon. William L. Whitney.
The work of this committee has extended over the better part
of a year. It has been impossible to employ paid trained investigators, because first, none such are available in Honolulu
and second, imported investigators would be practically useless




4


on account of the large Asiatic population. Hence nearly all
the work has been done by the members of the Committee, extremely busy people who have given no little time to the investigation. Owing to this condition it has been impossible to
secure all the data that lies hidden in our civic life. Though incomplete from a scientific standpoint the survey is in possession
of the main facts and these are sufficient to enable the Committee to draw safe conclusions and offer a positive program.
The Committee subdivided itself into twelve groups to
each of which a special line of investigation was assigned. These
groups were as follows:
Group 1     Present Status of Social Vice in Honolulu:
(a) Houses of Prostitution
(b) Social Allurements
(c) Street Walking
(d) Clandestine Prostitution
(e) Assignation Houses
(f) Tenements and Dance Halls
(g) Department Stores and other Places
of Employment
(h) Sources of Supply
Group IT    Oriental Races in Relation to Social Evil
Group III   Polynesian Races in Relation to the Social
Evil
Group IV    White Races in Relation to the Social Evil
Group V     Saloons and the Social Evil
Group VI    Restaurants and the Social Evil
Group VII The Police and the Social Evil
Group VIII The Army and Navy and the Social Evil
Group IX    Hacks and Automobiles and the Social Evil
Group X     Rescue and Reform Work
Group XI    Public Health in Relation to the Social Evil
Group XII The Schools and the, Social Evil




CHAPTER I.
The Social Evil in Honolulu.
1. PRESENT STATUS.
Iwilei, Honolulu's Red Light District.
Prostitution in our city is to a slight degree centered in the
protected district of Iwilei, which is allowed to exist contrary to
law by the police. The number of inmates in this district varies
from *52 to 188. Comparatively few prostitutes live in Iwilei,
the majority renting rooms for the night and plying their trade
there when conditions of weather and presence of transports or
strangers favor good business. Honolulu's prostitute quarter is
dirty, muddy, ill-kept and dingy. IMost of the houses are mere
shacks, devoid of sanitary appliances, poorly lighted and most
unattractive. Vice has no gilded dens in our city. Most of the
women who are segregated in Iwilei are Japanese; only one
H-awaiian was there at the time of investigation.  Of the 107
found at one visitation, 82 were Japanese, 14 Porto Rican, 6
French, 5 American, and none Hawaiian.       Owing to police
protection there is rarely any disorder or open unseemliness in
Iwilei. Occasionally, however, a bold crime startles the lethargic authorities. Women living in or frequenting the district are
supposed to have a certificate from a practising physician attesting freedom from venereal disease. These papers are presumably inspected once a week by the police.  But this is a form
often disregarded.  Prostitutes who are not disorderly are unmolested. This system of regulation is so lax that the military
authorities trace from 75 to 90% of the cases of venereal disease
among their men to Iwilei. No effort is made to restrict prostitution to this quarter except that no house outside the district
is allowed to keep open doors, for business.
* Conditions in Iwilei have entirely changed since. the investigation of
the committee. The U. S. Immigration authorities have deported all
aliens and there are now no Japanese in the district. A visit there recently showed 10 "French" women and two Porto Ricans. The French
women are of both French and American extraction, at least two of them
being apparently Americans. There were no Hawaiian women there.
There was one woman of I-Iawaiian birth, but of Portuguese parentage.
The women are living entirely in the detached cottages, each of which
has fair sanitary arrangements.




6


Unregulated Prostitution.
By far the larger part of commercialized vice and the extensive clandestine prostitution known to exist in Honolulu is
carried on outside of Iwilei. The trade is prosecuted in recognized houses of assignation, tenements, cottages, parks, and
open spaces, and by means of hacks and automobiles.
Houses of Assignation.
There are sixteen well known houses of assignation clustered about the center of the city, besides three at Waikiki.
These do a thriving business, some hotels harboring prostitutes for longer or shorter periods, others asking no questions
of persons registering without baggage for the night, still others
serving as headquarters for men who take girls from    the
street. In some of these places liquor can be had and the police
occasionally raid them. Others are quiet and known as "safe
houses," never being molested by the authorities. The list of
nineteen houses of assignation on our files does not include all
such places but only the more prominent. A large percentage
of prostitution in HIonolulu centers in these places.
Tenements.
Numbers of women ply their trade in tenements, safe from
police interference. Little or no attempt is made by the owners
to prevent the abuse, which is quite open and may be easily detected by any casual visitor day or night. As a rule the pimp
does not figure in tenement house prostitution.
Cottages.
The number of detached cottages in Honolulu is steadily
increasing. These rent as low as from $10 to $20 a month.
Hence they offer to women plying this trade a safe and lucrative base of operations. The cottage trade has close connection
with the hack and automobile business, which will be considered under another section.
Street Solicitation.
Solicitation by word of mouth such as characterizes mainland cities is largely absent here. Many women ready for busi



7


ness do appear on the streets, waiting about to go to houses of
assignation or to be transported by vehicles, but they do not
openly solicit to any great' extent. To any one of observant
habit what they are out for is, however, quite apparent.
Number Engaged.
It has been found impossible to ascertain the number of
women engaged in prostitution in Honolulu. Our open air conditions favor clandestine trade and render it so safe that it
would require for many months the services of trained investigators well acquainted with the habits of the various races in
our population to make anything like a reliable estimate.
It is apparent, however, that the evil is very wide spread, that
social vice in Honolulu is most insidious and that its virus
affects family life more extensively than one who has not given
the subject careful study would suspect.
2. ORIENTAL RACES AND PROSTITUTION.
Although Chinese and Korean women are not found among
the public prostitutes in Honolulu, there are Chinese women
who receive men of their own race, but their trade is carried
on too secretly for investigation by any but Chinese. There are
so few Filipino women in the Territory that they form a negligible factor in our problem. The Japanese, however, figure
very largely. This is partly explained by their preponderance.
There are now in the Territory about twice as many Japanese
women over fifteen years of age as Hawaiians. That the Japanese prostitutes in Iwilei so largely outnumber those of other
nationalities is not to be taken as proof that women of this
race are more immoral. A careful study of statistics tends to
disprove the assertion often made of their relatively greater unchastity. Commercialized vice is, however, more highly developed among Japanese than among any other people in our population.  Few women of this race prostitute themselves for a
livelihood. Some engaged in the trade have been brought
into the Territory as picture brides by men who desire to
exploit them  for their own gain.  Another large proportion
comprises women whose husbands compel them to earn money
by prostitution. In both cases the woman does not profit by the




8


business; the husband takes the lion's share of the receipts.
Often he shows great care in keeping his wife free from venereal disease, that her earning power may be larger. Women at
times resort to the business when otherwise out of work or between jobs. Family indebtedness or financial stress may lead
the wife to supplement the income by prostitution which is
abandoned when the situation is relieved. Racial public opinion
does not condemn expedients of this character. The woman's
life is one of exemplary chastity when not thus compelled to
resort to selling her body. But where the husband or guardian
forces the woman into the trade for his own benefit, Japanese
public opinion severely condemns him. These facts show that
we are dealing with moral standards different from those of our
nation. Where these standards have been toward easy social
reinstatement for those who have abandoned an evil life, they
are more commendable than the crueler Anglo-Saxon attitude
towards l-apses from chastity among women.
3. POLYNESIANS AND THE SOCIAL EVIL.
The Polynesians in Hawaii are a nature people who until a
hundred years ago had not been subjected to an environment
which developed a conscience upon the question of sexual relations.
They are not, therefore, to be judged by our standards. The
race is slowly growing a new moral code.   In this process
many linger behind. There are a number of Hawaiian women
who may be classed as prostitutes and who derive their livelihood from this trade. But as a rule, the. Hawaiian woman who
lapses from virtue does so because she is naturally complaisant
and yields herself to amorous solicitation. Kind-hearted, hospitable, lovable, and trustful, her affections lie close to her passions and make her an easy victim     to the unscrupulous.
Except where training in chastity has begun early and continued
long, little stigma attaches in her mind to intercourse. Hawaiian girls associate freely with boys of their own and other races,
their open air habits and the climatic conditions fostering sexual looseness. Tenement conditions in the city render promiscuity inevitable. Illegitimate children are no reproach among
the ignorant and uneducated, particularly if they show a white
strain, nor do illegitimate child-bearing and other evidences of




9


unchastity necessarily debar a woman of the class referred to
from marriage or force her outside the social pale.
4. THE EVIL AMONG THE WHITE RACES.
20f twenty-five white women found in Iwilei, nine were
Porto Ricans, four were Americans, with an equal number of
French and Portuguese, two were German, and one each Italian and Swiss. These all were in business privately.  Clandestine prostitution exists to some extent among Porto Ricans and
Portuguese outside of Iwilei. Very few white women of other
nationalities are found about town in this trade. Women come
here occasionally for business and while new do well, but the
competition in prices with the HIawaiians and ()rientals cuts off
profits and they move on. The white women in Iwilei complain
that the competition with clandestine prostitutes is ruinous to
their trade. Conditions forcing white women into commercialized vice scarcely exist here. It is impossible for a white woman
engaged clandestinely long to conceal her trade whether she
establishes headquarters in a hotel or cottage.  She is soon
forced to leave the city or enter Iwilei.
5. THE SALOON AS A FACTOR.
There is no organized system  of solicitation of men by
women or pimps in the saloons of Honolulu. Lewd pictures or
cards are not distributed therein. Nor do the saloons connect
with sleeping rooms or places for assignation. Pimps occasionally enter saloons of the lower order and solicit for. prostitutes
but no evidence of direct connection of any kind between the
saloons and the social evil has been discovered. This is largely
due to the excellent work of the License Commission.
6. RESTAURANTS AND COFFEE SHOPS.
Among the most dangerous centers in Honolulu are the
cheap restaurants and coffee houses. These are frequented at
night by men, women and children. They are made the meeting
place for boys and girls too young to be away from parental
authority. Young girls buying food at these restaurants to take
home are frequently seduced by employees or unscrupulous fre2. For changed conditions see Foot-Note, page 5.




10
quenters. The general seclusion and inaccessibility of many of
these coffee shops render them little better than dives. While
saloons are admirably supervised, these eating places are not the
especial care of any licensing commission. Neither the police
nor juvenile officers afford their patrons any protection. Many
of these shops are nightly the resort of women of loose habits
and their companions. Young girls who visit the shops without suitable escorts are exposed to contact with this class and
are easily led astray. These shops are particularly dangerous
as they are kept by men who often make a practice of seducing
the girls who enter them. Many of these restaurants are open
and thronged with patrons, among whom are children, as late
as eleven o'clock at night.
7. THE RELATION OF THIE POLICE TO THE EVIL.
Our police force reflects the general spirit of toleration of
vice characteristic of the public sentiment of our community.
No sustained attempt is made to keep women known to be prostitutes off the streets. Now and again a spasmodic effort is
instituted but it quickly subsides.  The main reliance of the
police is upon the policy of segregation. Iwilei is, however, a
melancholy commentary upon the utter futility of this measure.
It is both disease-cursed and a travesty. All reports thereupon
covering many months revealed the presence in Iwilei of only
one Hawaiian woman, while    prostitution  among  Hawaiian
women is rife outside the cdistrict and is confined to no one
locality in the city.  Though such a condition is a constant
temptation to the police, this investigation has failed to disclose
evidence of graft in connection with commercialized vice.
In this, as in many other respects, Honolulu presents a marked
contrast to mainland cities.
8. THE ARMY AND NAVY AND THE SOCIAL EVIL.
There are now some eight thousand men connected with the
army and navy of the United States stationed at Honolulu and
Leilehua.  So large an addition to the number of unmarried
men in our community has greatly increased the gravity of the
problem of social vice. The attitude of the military authorities
toward the question is one mainly of solicitude for physical




11


efficiency in the army. The sole object of the regulations seems
to be to guard their men from disease. Soldiers are encouraged to use prophylatics, which are freely dispensed. When
venereal disease makes its appearance the patient is punished
by segregation and loss of pay. Prostitution is not allowed on
the reservations. In the conmmunity it is a matter of common
observation that prostitution has greatly increased since the coming of the army. Very few cases of rape by men of the service are on record. From time to time there has been complaint
of soldiers accosting women in public places and even of assault on the streets. Those in position to know avouch that
Hawaiian girls have had to contend with far more temptation
since the establishment of the large army posts.
It should be stated, however, and emphasized as the finding of this Committee after careful investigation, that as a
whole, the men of the service in Honolulu have given a notable
example of good conduct and self-control.  The addition of
eight thousand men to the community, the large majority of
them young, vigorous and unmarried, could not have been expected to result otherwise than in some increase of sexual vice.
As a rule, the enlisted men are markedly courteous in their
demeanor and well-behaved when outside the rigorous discipline
of barracks. In proportion to their numbers, the increase of
disorder and sexual vice has been less than might be expected.
The soldier in Honolulu, as a rule, believes in maintaining the
reputation of the uniform and the Flag and in condemning
his comrade who casts discredit upon either.
There are a number of officers also who are endeavoring
earnestly to increase the morals of the service and aid the men
in living decent and self-respecting lives.
9. HACKS AND AUTOMOBILES.
One of the unique features of the social evil as it exists
in Honolulu is its connection with the public hack and automobile business. Hack drivers constitute practically the only class
of pimps we have. There are of course not a few drivers and
chauffeurs of all nationalities who will have nothing to do with
the business. Those who engage in the illicit trade procure girls
for their customers by arranging to meet the former at some




12


specified place and by driving the couples either to an assignation house or to some secluded spot out of doors. They do not
carry men to the homes of the girls as that would deprive them
of valuable business secrets. The hacks convey many also to
Iwilei. For this latter business the automobiles are too expensive. The chauffeurs who cater to prostitution practice seduction for their own personal pleasure.  Their habit is to give
free rides to young girls from whom they finally exact as payment their ruin.  Sometimes this is accomplished by means
amounting to compulsion. Girls thus seduced are led into the
trade by the-associations cultivated by the chauffeurs. Of late
the latter have cut into the procuring business of the hack drivers by getting from them the better class of girls. Autolobiles
are also engaged by joy riders for immoral purposes. There is
no evidence of any organization of hack drivers and cliauffeurs
in the business of prostitution but the practices just outlined are
very wide spread and offer peculiar difficulties in dealing with
social vice in our community.  Not a few hack drivers have
definite business connections with the women to whom   they
bring trade, while the chauffeurs form with the girls of their
pernicious clientelle social groups that exert a very evil influence.
10. AGENCIES FOR RESCUE AND REFORM.
No definite rescue or reform work for prostitutes is carried on in Honolulu, though in a quiet way the Christian forces
of the city have for generations done not a little in this direction through unorganized personal channels.   The Salvation
Army Home and the Industrial Schools for Boys and Girls are
willing to receive the children of prostitutes and care for them
intelligently. Public sentiment upon the question of social vice
is so advanced that a program of scientific reformation would
receive the enthusiastic cooperation and support of the best
women in town. The motto of Jesus, "Neither do I condemn
thee. Go and sin no more," finds more sympathetic understanding here than in most enlightened communities.
11. PUBLIC HEALTH.
Venereal disease is as prevalent in Honolulu as in any
other city. It causes here as elsewhere one-third of all the blin-d



13


ness, more than one-half the sterility and 60 to 75%  of the
gynecological operations performed upon chaste married women. Gonorrhoea is more prevalent here among children under
tenl than in any place known to the cooperating physicians on
our1 Committee. Army prophylatics are not used generally by
the soldiers, who when diseased often consult city practitioners
to escape the punishment prescribed by the regulations.  The
hospitals of the city are open to all suffering from venereal
diseases. Very few prostitutes have children because they have
been sterilized by gonorrheal infection. They rarely abort. No
abortionist is known to the Honolulu profession. There is practically no medical examination of wonmen, that in connection
with Iwilei being a farce.
12. THE SCIOOLS AND TIIE SOCIAL EVIL.
Immoral literature is not circulated in the schools. While
cases of the seduction of girls under the age of consent have
been and still are frequent in H-onolulu, none of these have disclosed any evidence of connection between school life and the
crime. Boys and girls have no facilities for meeting clandestinely in or about the schools. Sex hygiene does not form a
part of the curriculum in Honolulu's educational institutions,
though the facts of sex in plant life are taught by teachers. Very
few teachers would be qualified to teach sex hygiene. No effort is made by the school authorities to induce parents to train
their children in sexual matters, though some parents have been
warned to guard their daughters. Children of many homes are
safer when in school than anywhere else because of the habit
in many poorer families of sending children to coffee shops to
buy food and because the girls are unguarded in play hours.
A case of attempted assault by a man in a lavatory of one public
school has resulted in rendering the repetition of such an offence
impossible. Boys' and girls' lavatories are widely separated in
the public schools.




14


CHAPTER II.
How Deal with the Social Evil?
In dealing with the conditions outlined in the preceding
chapter, the Committee faces three lines of possible procedure.
First. Do nothing. Let the authorities and the community
continue to treat the social evil in the present haphazard manner. This policy of laissez faire appears to us impossible. Recent revelations of immorality among young people of some of
our best families coupled with the increasing debauching of girls
in poorer homes and the menace of wide-spread social corruption, to say nothing of the unspeakable ravages of venereal
disease, compel a self-respecting community to institute a thorough-going campaign for the development of worthy character
in the individual, for the protection of the family; for the safeguarding of public health and for race survival.
Second. Institute a strict policy of reglementation, that is,
as soon as a girl begins to prostitute herself, let the authorities
remove her to a locality convenient for the resort of men who
practice immorality.  There let all the resources of medical
science be employed to keep her free from disease. When infected, prevent her from the access of men until she be cured.
Outside of this restricted district, wage relentless war upon all
assignation houses and other places where prostitution lurks and
make the continuance of pandering by automobile and hack impossible. Whenever a police raid is made let male and female
offenders be rigorously punished.
On behalf of this policy it is urged that Honolulu with
eight thousand soldiers and marines, most of whom are unmarried, and whose training does not tend to foster habits of chastity, must resort to a solution of the problem of prostitution that
would not be tolerated on the mainland. It is stated by our
special investigator that at least ninety per cent of the army
and navy officers stationed here privately contend that a segregated district on Oahu is necessary if the chaste women and
girls of our city are to be protected from seduction and criminal
assault.  The abnormal training characteristic of life in the
army is claimed to increase animal passion, while military officers




15


are much more interested in preserving the soldier's health than
in safeguarding his morals.
Other arguments advanced are that, if prostitution be segregated, the morals of the community will be fostered through
the prevention of the scattering of the evil throughout the residential sections, that inasmuch as criminals always resort to a
red light district they may more easily be caught by the police,
and that if the evil be corraled it may be kept down more efficiently. It is urged in favor of compulsory medical inspection
and treatment of prostitutes that it sands to reason that this
procedure must lessen venereal diseases and therefore safeguard
the interests of society.  Europe and Japan are pointed at as
having long maintained this system. The wisdom of segregation and medical regulation, that is of reglementation, as the
combined system is called, is based upon the proposition that
prostitution always has existed, always will continue, can never
be eradicated and must therefore at best be subjected to this
common sense procedure.
'Third. Pursue a strict, scientific policy of combating this
evil. We leave to the following chapter the exposition of the
details of this policy on its positive side, and here take up the
consideration of the scientific aspects of reglementation which
make it impossible for our Committee to commend it favorably
for adoption in Honolulu. We consider it fatally non-scientific
for the following reasons:
1. PROSTITUTION IS NOT A NECESSARY EVIL.
The argument for reglementation proceeds upon the assumption that prostitution is a necessary evil. It always was
and always will be. But none of these statements are scientifically accurate. Man's earlier heredity was monogamous. Forel,
the great anthropologist, is authority for the proposition that
prostitution never became established among primitive peoples.
Indeed, chattel slavery and prostitution are close parallels.
Neither is a primitive human institution. Both have flourished
since the days of the earliest inscribed records of man.  But
chattel slavery has been abolished. There is no reason why
prostitution should not follow the same road. Reglementation
will never end it. Scientific treatment of this social disease gives
every promise of successful extirpation in due time.




16


2. 3REGLEMENTATION IS ILLEGAL.
Louisiana is the only State in the Union which has legalized
segregation. From 1870 to 1873 the city of St. Louis tried the
experiment of medical inspection of prostitutes, but it proved, ineffectual and was discontinued.  In 1910 the New York State
Legislature passed the Page Law, section 79 of which provided
for medical inspection of prostitutes and their detention if
found diseased. The following year this section was declared
unconstitutional.  A  reglementation law  of necessity legalizes
prostitution. Anglo-Sax6n public opinion has tried to force
itself to do this both in Great Britain and America, but always
the common sense of the people has revolted.    As Chief of
Police James L. Beavers of Atlanta puts it, "How can any decent man say he is in favor of public indecency?" Probably any
law legalizing prostitution and establishing reglementation would
be declared unconstitutional on appeal to the United States
Supreme Court.
Any system of reglementation or segregation if practiced in
this Territory is in violation of law. To treat the social evil
illegally is worse than to let it alone. As the Minneapolis Vice
Commission says, "The illegal setting apart of a district in
which the law may openly be violated is even more vicious than
the vice proscribed. No Vice Commission ought for a moment
to countenance the hypocrisy of prohibiting a thing by law and
permitting it by policy." Regard for law has declined to such
a low ebb already in our country that it is impossible for a Committee like ours to advocate measures that will still further increase the spirit of lawlessness.
3. THE    POLICY  OF  REGLEMENTATION     IS  FUNDAMENTALLY
UNJUST.
To the act of copulation there are always two parties, one
man and one woman. Both should be treated alike. If one is
guilty both are guilty. Reglementation deprives only one of
those parties, the woman, of liberty. It sets a social stain upon
3. Reglementation is the term given to the policy of combined segregation and regulation. Segregation means the gathering of prostitutes
by Government into designated houses or into a prescribed district,
wherein prostitution is allowed. Regulation is the term used to designate medical inspection and treatment of prostitutes enforced by the
Government.




17


only one, the woman. Injustice is never right. The evil of
prostitution continues to exist largely because men have not the
manhood to be just.
In the Colorado Legislature recently a bill was introduced
to legalize the Segregated District for Colorado cities. A woman member of the House of Representatives opposed it on the
ground that "fallen men should be segregated the same as fallen
women." The introducer of the bill declared his willingness to
insert such a section, "But," objected the woman, "there would
be no men left."  The House burst into laughter which lasted
ten minutes. Just as the roll call on the measure was about
to begin, the woman arose and said, "Let him among you who
is without sin cast the first vote." Not one vote was recorded
in favor of the bill.
Reglementation is unjust to manhood because by providing
at public expense a place for the gratification of lust it commits
society to the false principle that debauchery, if not commendable, is a necessity. The physicians at the famous Brussels International Conference on the Social Evil in 1902 unanimously
passed the following resolution: "It is especially necessary to
teach young men not only that chastity and continence are not
injurious, but that these virtues are highly recommended from
the medical point of view." In 191.0 the American Federation
of Sex Hygiene of which President Emeritus Eliot of Harvard
University is the presiding officer, requested the American Medical Association to pass the following resolution: "Whereas there
is ample evidence of a belief deeply founded, among the laity,
that se.xual indulgence is necessary to the health of the normal
man and whereas there exist in consequence widely differing and
double standards of moral and of physical health for the male
and female sexes. that lead directly to the disease and death of
many womenl and children:
"Be it resolved that the American Medical Association
through its House   of Delegates hereby  presents for the
instruction and protection of the lay public the unqualified declaration that illicit sexual intercourse is NOT only unnecessary
to health, but that its direct consequence in terms of infectious
disease constitutes a grave menace to the physical integrity of
the individual and the nation."




18


Reglementation is unjust because it taxes the people to sulpport and protect the greatest vice and the gravest menace to
health known to humankind.
4. REGLEMENTATION MAKES THE GOVERNMENT A PRO()CURER. 
Recognition and license of prostitution constitute governmental endorsement of the evil. The government becomes a
partner in the white slave trade. As the Minneapolis Vice Commission phrases it:  "It puts governments in the position of
endorsing the assumption that women may be sacrificed  for
men's pleasures.  Again with reglementation  the  State is
placed in a position clearly not different from that of the individual agents of immorality, and all taxpayers, women as well
as men, are compelled to pay for the maintenance of officials to
supervise prostitution."
M. Jules Faure, the eminent French publicist, well says:
"The worst that could befall the public health is as nothing to
the corruption of morals and national life, engendered, propagated and prolonged by the system of official surveillance.."
A second voice from   Europe, where reglementation has
been tried for a century, is that of a German member of the
Reichstag who exclaimed to his fellow legislators: "The State
which officially tolerates and guarantees prostitution assumes
the role of Procurer, a delinquent whom the Gerlan penal code
pulnishes with imprisonment at hard labor."
5. REGLEMENTATION COMMERCIALIZES VICE.
It makes prostitution a legitimate business. That was clearly seen when a bill favoring reglementation was introduced into
our last legislature. It read as follows: "It shall be legal to
practise prostitution."
Government license gives security to money invested in
the licensed trade. It puts a Government guarantee behind it.
Money flows into it and the business grows. In Chicago, where
commercialized vice was merely tolerated, not legalized by the
authorities, there were profits of more than fifteen millions of
dollars annually.




19


This Business Deals in What?  Boys and Girls.
It demands girls.  Hence under the system  of legalizing
prostitution in Europe and of tolerating it in America, a White
Slave Trust has grown to such amazing proportions that twentyone of the greatest nations of the earth have been forced to band
themselves together to throttle its nefarious operations. The
girls demanded by this business must be either tempted by
money to surrender their virtue (few do it) or seduced by
trained marriers, or stolen outright.  The vast proportion of
these girls are entrapped when too young to be able effectively
to defend themselves.
The trade demands boys. In order to entrap girls of such
tender age boys must be pressed into the service..  Hence a
great army of pimps and procurers has been recruited to serve
as seducers.
On this point the words of one of the leading practical authorities in the United States, General Thomas A. Bingham, former Police Commissioner of New York City, carry great weight.
"It is easy to prove that a large proportion of them  (prostitutes) must be forced or enticed into the life. If women in
large numbers were willing to become prostitutes it would not
be necessary to have such enormous machinery (as that of the
white slave traffic) to recruit the ranks. The procurer would
be unnecessary.  But so unwilling are the women to debase
themselves that the pimp, the dance hall, the Raines law hotel,
false marriages, drink and even force are necessary to keep the
hideous thing flourishing."
6. IS REGLEMENTATION A SAFlEGUARD TO OTHER WOMEN?
The argument that a segregated district is necessary to
the protection of the decent women and girls of the community
is very persistently urged in Honolulu.  It is a scientific fact,
however, that where vice is most open, woman's lot is hardest.
To maintain a stockade for fallen women where they are kept
penned by law as slaves to man's lust constantly presents to
men an argument for woman's inferiority, lessens their respect
for womankind, and tends to degrade the entire sex.
Is not the plea addressed to women, "Let me ruin your
sister, body and soul, or I will assault you," a thinly veiled in



20


suit to every woman in the community? The man who urges
it is a coward and the woman who is moved by it is also both
coward and unchristian. To expect women to support a movement for reglementation by using the argument that without
this protection they will be exposed to seduction or assault is to
deem them unworthy of womanhood in this age of altruistic
effort.
Again it is untrue. If a segregated district is maintained
it will of necessity tend to increase rather than diminish the
indulgence in vice by men. The increased traffic will necessitate a larger supply of women. These women must be secured
from the womankind of our community.
Furthermore, it is an insult to the enlisted men in the service
of the nation to state that if they be not supplied with prostitutes by Honolulu they will run wild throughout the community
venting their passions upon our women and girls. We do not
believe that this opinion of the men in our army and navy is
correct.
The only safeguard of woman is a high ideal of womanhood
among the men of her environment. Not a guaranteed supply
of prostitutes, but a steadily increasing difficulty of finding
women willing to gratify his lust will raise man's estimate of
woman.
7. REGELEMENTATION BURDENS AND DEBAUCIHES THE POLICE.
In all cities where there is a segregated district or where
prostitutes are regulated by the police, clandestine prostitution
flourishes. The district becomes the great show place of evil
and as such exerts a fascination upon boys who begin when
young to grow tolerant toward social vice. The fatal attraction
seizes upon them but the district itself is not the attractive
factor. They desire to sin, but in the dark. Hence everywhere
the clandestine trade moves briskly on side by side with the
licensed brothel. In no place is this truer than in Japan, where
if anywhere the Government with its marvelous police powers
ought to be able to round up vice in the licensed quarters. As a
matter of fact not more than one prostitute in ten in Japan i.registered, according to the most reliable sources of information.
The City Attorney of Minneapolis has the facts with him in




21


his statement "A segregated district is the best way I know of
to promote prostitution." With such a district to care for, the
police must watch the evil all over town where the finished
product for the licensed brothel is being manufactured. From
the vice district as a center pimps must be sent out to reap the
harvest, as professional prostitutes have a business life averaging
but five years. The segregated district thus vastly increases the
labor of policing a city. Hence the Chief of Police of Toledo
said to the Minneapolis authorities, "If you have no red light
district in your city, don't create one," and the Cleveland Chief
added his amen in the words: "If without such a district now,
(lo not establish one," while the greatest of living detectives,
William J. Burhs, before an audience of 2000 in New York
City, speaking of disorderly houses, exclaimed, "They are not
necessary in any city on the face of the earth."
Not only is the police burden increased by a segregated district bult its morals are debauched. The testimony of all the
great cities of the Union is that commercialized vice makes a
grafting police. By law or by tolerance create a red light district and you capitalize the social evil; then the business enters
politics as a deadly foe of good government. Attorney General
Cosson of Iowa before the United States Senate Committee on
the District of Columbia testified at a hearing on the Kenyon
Bill December 9, 1912, "We (in Iowa) found that where you
had the protected vice district you had a corrupted police force.
We found here a whole district of organized vice always in
politics. I make the statement here without fear of successful
contradiction that where you have a protected vice district you
have a constant tendency to corrupt the whole police force and
all law-enforcing officers."
Mary Goode, New York's famous bawdy house keeper, testified:
"There is not a mayor living who can stop the police from
taking money under the present conditions (with the tolerated
red light district), and there is no district attorney who can
stop it."
Wherever a segregated district is found, the better class of
women will pay the police to let them carry on their trade
outside of it. That is the overwhelming testimony of European
cities.




22


8. REGLEMENTATION    CREATES A CRIME CENTER.
The criminal and the prostitute gravitate together as the result of a natural law. It has always been so. "Good," say certain apologists for a segregated district, "because with such a
crime center we shall know where to look for our criminals."
"True, but the red light district is more than a place where criminals congregate."  It becomes a school of crime, a center
where fresh criminals are bred. Crime there begins to learn its
strength. Scatter the criminal and his very isolation is a deterrent.  But let himl live with others of his kind and he finds
himself a part of an army. A     crime esprit-de-corps is the
result. Look at New York where the red light 'district has bred
an entirely new sort of American monster, the gun man, the
professional murderer. The City Attorney of Mlinneapolis gave
the result of his long experience as follows:  "I cannot state
too strongly my opposition to the so-called segregated or restricte(l district. It is simply a clearing house for crime."
9. WH ERE L1OCATEJ  A SEGREG1G(-ATED DI)STRICT''.
There are several possible locations.  The business district
will not tolerate its presence. If isolated in the country it would
be impossible to maintain it, for organized prostitution needs the
stimulul s of city life. Sections of town where the well-to-do reside and where the forces that make for morality and religion
dominate would form: the ideal location. But no community is
strong enough to place it there. Hence the only recourse is to
locate it among the poor where the evil will have less difficulty
in debauching those who live near it and in thus winning fresh
victims. This is so cowardly that every honest man must exclaim with a leading Minneapolitan, "If segregation were decided upon and it were left to me to choose the location, I'd put
it in one of the best combination residence and business districts
and keep it as much as possible removed from the class who
have no safeguards such as homes and churches."   In Honolulu, Manoa or Kaimuki or Nuuanu immediately suggest themiselves as ideal locations from the standpoint of morality and
religion.




23
10. SEGREGATION  DOES NOT SEGREGATE.
Continental European countries and Japan have long practised the policy of legal reglementation. Segregation not by law
but by unlawful police action has been the usage in many American cities. The universal testimony is that no government is
powerful enough to make segregation work..In our own country there are three classic reports of Vice
Commissions issued in three of our leading cities, the first in
New York, the second in Chicago, and the third in Minneapolis.
New York's Vice Commission was the famous Committee of.Fifteen appointed as the result of a citizens' meeting called by
the. Chamber of Commerce, and consisted of a body of men
whose names were a guarantee of scientific accuracy, business
common sense and high public spirit. Chicago's Vice Commission was appointed by the Mayor. Both the Chicago and Minneapolis Commissions at the outset of their investigations were
in favor of regulation. At the conclusion they were unanimously
against it, as was the New York Commnlittee of Fifteen. Other
cities have since appointed like Commissions with similar results but the work of these pioneer companies of investigators
holds a unique place. The agreement of these numerous commissions in the verdict "Segregation does not segregate and
regulation does not regulate," is so impressive that no fairminded citizen of Honolulu can honestly affirm his belief in a
policy of reglementation until he has famniliarized himself with
the evidence massed in the reports of these Commissions.
Expert opinion in America condemns this policy in toto.
Meantime the testimony from American cities that follow the
red light district plan unanimously agrees that segregation has
never been made a success. For example Toledo reports, "The
Social Evil exists outside as well as inside the red light district."
Cleveland testifies that "assignation houses abound and shady
women are scattered over all the city."  Cincinnati's experience
is that "Men have been allowed to conduct houses of assignation
over all the city." Honolulu has more than sixteen well known
houses of assignation close to the center of town and the Iwilei
plan is powerless to get more than a mere handful of the city's
prostitutes within the tolerated district.
But how about Europe?   "The American red light district is




24


not established by law, hence", urge the supporters of reglementation, "we must adopt the European policy and segregate by
legal statute."
After one hundred years of experimenting European authorities generally agreed that the policy of reglementation was scientifically sound though no special investigation of its results had
been instituted. In the seventies of the last century, however,
revelations of police graft in connection with the regulation of
vice in the city of Brussels, where by common consent the system had been considered the model of successful reglementation, startled all Europe.  Investigation  then began, more
revelations followed, public opinion was created and in 1899
the First International Conference on Prophylaxis of Venereal
Diseases was held in Brussels. The promoters of this Conference, convinced that the only scientific method of coping with
prostitution lay in regulation, expected at this meeting to be able
to devise an international system of reglementation that would
solve the problem of social vice. To their amazement some of
the highest medical authorities, including Blascko of Berlin,
Augagneur of Lyons, 1Barthelemy of Paris, condemned medical
regulation of prostitutes as useless. Even Dr. Fournier, who
supported it, declared it did "little good."
In 1902 a second Conference was held at which four of the
leading medical scientists of Paris headed a movement to recommend the abolishment of regulation as "absolutely worthless,"
but the political wing of the Conference was able to outvote the
scientific contingent.
In 1903 France appointed a Parliamentary Commission to
study the question and report. Three years were given to most
patient research, when the Commission by a considerable majority voted "that the entire system of regulation as practised in
France was so defective and on the whole so immoral that it
ought to be entirely abandoned."
By 1911 we are told in the second report of the New York
Committee of Fifteen, "all the great chiefs of the medical faculties in Paris and all the important heads of hospitals have become converted to abolitionism" of the system of regulation.
Meantime Scandinavia had adopted a system of Neo-Regulation which had a number of revised and up-to-date features. In
1903 at the request of Parliament, the King appointed a Royal




25


Commission to investigate the entire question. Seven of its nine
members were regulationists.  These men spent some eight
years investigating the subject and in 1911 agreed unanimously
upon a report that recommended the abandonment of the existing system of reglementation.
In Norway and Denmark the provision regarding compulsory
treatment of venereal disease in prostitutes has become a dead
letter. Holland has now officially abandoned the policy of regulation. In 1904 the entire system of police control over prostitutes in Italy was abolished because "every sort of direct compulsion for the ascertainment and cure of venereal diseases is
injurious to public prophylaxis."
Finally in June, 1913, a Congress was held in Paris under the
auspices of the International Federation for the abolition of
State Regulation of Vice. Here many of the leading European
authorities on the system of reglementation were present. The
physicians stated that "so far from medical inspection and regulation as practised on the Continent tending to lessen social disease, it really increased disease." Facts and figures were given
in large numbers by one after another to prove this point. It
was shown "that the chief argument of those who favor regulation or segregation-scattering the evil-falls to the ground."
'The policy of regulation scatters the evil more effectually than
its absence, because women are led through dislike of detention
to conceal disease and scatter through the community.
The Federation clearly realized that the great Continental
Governments are not likely soon to abandon this discredited
system because it is so strongly intrenched in politics. Too much
capital is enlisted in it and the public conscience has not yet
been stirred. But segregation is everywhere conceded to have
been impossible. No European Government ever has been able
to get its women who practise prostitution into segregated houses
or a segregated district. Frdm fifty to seventy-five per cent of
these women live outside of the segregated area and are scattered through the community.
With Japan What? The last hope of the segregationists is
with the Land of the Rising Sun. "There" these apologists declare "the system works perfectly." Unfortunately the facts do
not support this statement. Not ten percent of the Japanese
women who prostitute themselves are in the segregated pre



26


cincts of the cities of the Empire. In May, 1911, Count Okuma,
Japan's foremost and most beloved statesman, in a public address stated that there are 50,000 prostitutes in Tokyo alone. A
conservative estimate gives the figures of half a million for the
Empire.  There are but 43,540 registered prostitutes.  Count
Okuma is at the head of the Kak    Sei Kai, a society whose
object is the abolishment of the Japanese system of reglementation.
11. REGULATION DOES NOT REGULATE.
The enforced medical treatment of prostitutes does not lessen
the spread of venereal disease. Medical inspection is everywhere
declared to be both a failure and a farce.
T"he Testimozny of Europe. The declaration of the venereal
experts of Paris is "Prostitutes are whitewashed, not cured."
Dr. Neisser of Breslau, the discoverer of the germ of gonorrhoea,
and Dr. Blascko of Berlin are according to the.Minneapolis
report "exerting their powerful influence to oppose these measures, regarding them  as harmful, pernicious and inefficient.'
Professor Van Ijsselstein of Geneva, another first authority,
after patient study of reglementation in Brussels, Paris and the
Hague (the latter has since abandoned the system) declared
"that clandestine prostitution is from a sanitary standpoint less
dangerous than prostitution in brothels." To this may be added
the authoritative witness of the Paris Congress of 1913 quoted
above.
Japan gives the same note of warning. Notwithstanding the
immense pains to keep prostitutes clean, the ravages of venereal
disease are unchecked. In 1911 conscripts to the number of
43,000, mere boys-were examined for the army.      Of these
11,593 or 27%  were found venereally diseased. That speaks
volumes for the failure of that Empire's effort to stamp out the
diseases of vice by treating only prostitutes.
The testimony of America is to the same effect. Dr. Prince
A. Morrow, who died a few months ago in his full prime,
occupying the position of leading scientific authority in the
United States on venereal diseases, stated in a discussion of the
famous Page Bill:
"Now the law, in requiring a prompt report from the examining
physician as to whether or not a prostitute is diseased demands what




27


medical science and skill are utterly unable to furnish.. While it
may be comparatively easy to recognize the presence of acute gonorrhoea, these women, for obvious reasons, seldom practice their vocation with the disease in this stage; the vast majority of infections
originate from chronic or latent gonorrhoea. When the disease is
localized in the deeper organs, the clinical evidence and bacteriological proof of its existence are exceedingly difficult or impossible
to establish, and yet the disease may be actively contagious. The
testimony of all specialists is concurrent upon this point, that in these
cases it is impossible to determine with certainty the presence or
absence of contagious elements. Nothing is easier than the diagnosis
of syphilis in the active stage or secondary eruption; but syphilis is
not. a disease of continuous symptoms. In the intervals between the
outbreaks, when the disease is in the contagious stage, there may be
absolutely no evidence of its existence, yet there may be an explosion of contagious elements a few days thereafter.
"Now as regards hospital treatment and cure, it may be said that
in the light of our present positive knowledge of the prolonged contagious activity of syphilis for years and of chronic gonorrhoea,
which may persist indefinitely, the assignment of a time for the cure
of these diseases is unwarranted. The contagious laws of these diseases do not lend themselves to legislative enactments. The treatment of chronic gonorrhoea in women is the most difficult and prolonged in medical therapeutics. Many cases cannot be cured without
the removal of the deeper organs in which the germs find lodgment.
If a woman is cured she may be reinfected an hour after she leaves
the hospital. Syphilis cannot be cured in a year, two or even three
years, and in many cases the disease is contagious during a much
longer period. These cases may be whitewashed, that is, cleared
of existing manifestations, but they are not cured."
Dr. Stanislaus Lapowski in his work on Social Diseases gives
a succinct case in point:     a
"The method of regulation was introduced in Breslau in a very
scientific and Prussian manner. That means military regulation.
Every prostitute was brought before the Department of Health, and
if disease was not detected she received a certificate that she was
well. The year after there was 13 per cent more gonorrhoea in Breslau than before the system was established. Why? Because every
man asked for the certificate, and if he found it correct he assumed




28


there was no danger, and he got the infection. The main point is
that the examination does not prove anything."
Pages of medical testimony of the highest expert authority to
the same effect might be added.
The difficulty with medical examination and treatment of
prostitutes, as Professors Neisser, Jadasohn and other scientific
experts in Europe and America agree, lies in the fact that it
"affords no guarantee of safety to clients." And for the following reasons: First, no physician can tell with certainty that
a woman once infected is clean and incapable of transmitting the
disease. Men in Europe have been known to watch outside the
physician's office for a woman declared clean, have contracted
disease from her, and in consequence, driven to madness, have
assaulted the physician: Second, even if the prostitutes be clean,
she cannot be kept so; fifteen minutes after leaving the doctor's
hands she may be reinfected by a diseased man, after whose
contact she will infect every visitor.
There is one absolutely fatal flaw in the entire system of
medical regulation of prostitutes; it aims at only one-half of the
trouble: it ignores the diseased man. This is so evident a defect that it passes understanding how so many persons, otherwise intelligent, shut their eyes to it.
12. SOME SOCIAL EFFECTS OF REGLEMENTATION.
Prostitution A nti-toxine Discoverable.
No one of its advocates ever argues that reglementation will
lessen prostitution. Its purpose is to perpetuate it and give it
standing in the community as an evil never to be abolished. But
there is no such thing in the view of modern society as a hopeless disease. We live in an era when we believe that all social
ills, all physical and moral diseases are not only curable but preventable. To yield to the advocates of reglementation is to be
false to the spirit of evolution. Prostitution is both curable and
preventable, tho the finding of the anti-toxine and the prophylactic may take time.
The Stronghold of the Double Standard.
Reglementation affirms the double standard.  It sanctions in
man illicit intercourse and encourages him therein. Europe has




29


during so long a time trained its men in this direction that the
moral leaders in the continental countries find it impossible to
develop public opinion powerful enough to end a system whose
failure has now been established beyond dispute.
Degrades Womanhood and Damns the Woman Victim.
The object of reglementation is to produce a cleaner feminine
article for man's lustful pleasure. Upon the female victim its
effect is unspeakably degrading. No prison system which inevitably ruined the body, mind and spirit of its wards would for
an instant be tolerated in this age. But the method of treating
social vice called reglementation never reforms, it hopelessly
'damns. Every five years it inexorably exacts from the homes of
the nation a fresh supply of innocent girls for this insatiable
monster, man's lust. A segregated district is a prison so hopeless that only the Hell of our ancestors can serve as a parallel.
13. CLASSIC EXPERIENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN.
In 1866 England passed the famous Contagious Disease Prevention Act which applied the continental system of registration,
examination and treatment of prostitutes to certain counties in
England and Ireland. Later the application of the law was extended to military stations in India and other colonies. The act
was finally repealed in 1886. In 1884 after the act had been in
operation 18 years, the proportion per 1000 soldiers in Britain
who were venereally diseased was 270.7, and in India 293.9.
After the repeal of the Act nothing was done to combat prostitution at army posts in India, so that by 1895 the percentage
rose as high as 522 per thousand. In 1897 Lord Kitchener,
commander-in-chief in India issued to every soldier in the army
a leaflet which warned the men against danger from venereal
disease, emphasized the importance of a moral life and appealed
to the nighest instincts of patriotism and self-respect on behalf
of chastity. The leaflet advised the soldier to combat temptation by proper study, work and recreation in leisure hours. At
the same time the officers, the church, Y. M. C. A., and other
agencies were appealed to for assistance in helping to supply
the soldier with healthful amusements and otner opportunities
for cultivating manhood. The response was overwhelming. By




30
1908 the percentage of diseased in the home army had dropped
to 68.4 and in India to 69.8. Here three systems were given
fair trial, first reglementation under which the proportion rose
to 293 per thousand, second, nothing at all, when it increased to
522; third, social and moral antidotes to sexual vice with the
drop to 69.
14. THE AMERICAN CONSCIENCE.
The European practise of reglementation is abhorrent to the
ideals of liberty inherent in the people of the United States.
Hence outside of Louisiana with its large admixture of French,
it has been impossible to pass a law segregating prostitutes.
Now that women are being given the franchise such legislation,,
as Colorado shows, is becoming still further removed from
possibility.  The conscience of America will not stand for
statutes so manifestly unjust and aimed at a single sex. It is the
part of wisdom to recognize this and to set about providing some
better way.




31


CHAPTER III.
A Scientific Program.
Because of the considerations advanced in the last chapter the
Conmmittee find it impossible to advocate either of the first two
methods of solution outlined therein. In dealing with an evil so
insidious, so widespread, so intertwined with natural human instincts, so dependent upon faulty methods of education and so
intrenched in social environment, it is impossible to expect any
ready-made remedy like that of reglementation to succeed. The
campaign. against the evil must be malny sided, it must plan for
a persistent prosecution to cover many decades if not centuries.
It must be inherently just and sane and must advance step by
step towards its culmination. The following suggestions contemplate exactly such a campaign. We believe that all of them
are workable. If the intelligent portion of our commlunity will
combine to put them into practice, to eliminate those which experience shall show to be valueless, to add from time to time
whatever new measures may promise to be helpful and will be
patient and persistent, we are confident that progress will' be
made in Honolulu towards the gradual curtailment of social vice.
1. RIGOROUSLY ENFORCE THE PRESENT LAWS.
The very first move in the proposed campaign is the frank
abandonment of Iwilei. Let there be no prostitute quarter in
Honolulu. Whenever complaint is made of the existence of a
house of prostitution and wherever the police suspect the use of
premises for this purpose let it be raided and both the men and
women captured dealt with according to law. We must not expect to eradicate clandestine vice at this stage of human development. But vice should be driven to cover by the suppression of
all its public manifestations such as street soliciting, open use of
hacks and automobiles, "safe" assignation houses and the like.
-When the social evil is compelled to conceal itself, like gambling
stealing and the like, the community will have taken a long step
in advance. This work of suppression should be sedulously divorced from all that is sensational or spectacular. A quiet determined campaign by a police force entirely removed from




32


politics is essential. All of the great racial stocks included in our
citizenship should for reasons of efficiency in dealing with the
social evil be represented by some of their most reliable members
on the police force. This will guard against favoritism, an evil
whose existence is amply proven by the racial complexion of
the denizens of Iwilei.
2. ENACT AND THEN ENFORCE CERTAIN NEW LAWS THAT HAVE
PROVED HELPFUL ELSEWHERE.
Red Light Injunction Law.
The provisions of this law as recently passed by the Congress
of the United States for the District of Columbia, including the
Capital City of Washington, may be summarized as follows:
Section 1: Whoever erects, establishes; maintains, owns or
leases any building or place for the purpose of lewdness, assignation, or prostitution, is guilty of a nuisance. Note that this
clause makes it possible to drive prostitution out of hotels,
apartment houses, and other clandestine resorts.
Section 2: That the proper legal officer of the state, or any
citizen, may secure a temporary injunction against the persons
maintaining the nuisance, the injunction to be granted only after
evidence has been presented to the court.
Section 3: The "general reputation" of the suspicious place is
allowed as evidence for proving the existence of the nuisance.
Section 4: This section prescribes the penalty for the violation of the injunction, namely, a fine between $200 and $1,000,
or imprisonment for from three to six months, or both.
Section 5: When the existence of the nuisance is legally established, the court enters an "order of abatement" which directs
the removal from the building, or room of "all fixtures, furniture, musical instruments, or movable property used in conducting said nuisance"; executes a sale of this property; and
provides for the closing of the building for a period of one year.
Section 6: The proceeds of the sale of the property thus condemned are to pay the costs of the action, the balance, if any,
going to the defendant.
Section 7: If the owner does not care to contest the case, and
if he pays the costs of the proceedings and files a bond binding
him to "abate the nuisance" for a year, the court may order the




33


premises closed. Full advantage is usually taken of this section.
Section 8: A perpetual lien of $300 is assessed upon the
owner of "red light" property whenever a permanent injunction
is issued.
Section 9: Provides for immunity for witnesses called to
testify in behalf of the prosecution. (Pearson's Magazine, Feb.
1914, p. 237-238.)
The experience of Iowa with this so-called Red Light Injunction Law is according to Attorney General Cosson as follows:
"No pretense is made that all prostitution is eliminated. What
we say is that the commercialized, open, flagrant part of it is
eliminated." One reason for the success of this law is that it
makes police graft practically impossible. A few policemen may
be bribed by the keeper of a disorderly house, but not the public.
This law puts power into the hands of every citizen to abate a
house of prostitution. It makes a red light district impossible.
It drives prostitution into concealment because the eyes of selfrespecting homes, jealous for the safety of their boys and girls,
ferret out open manifestations of the evil and suppress them at
once. It is a triumph of democracy in dealing with social vice.
Against Landlords and False Registrations.
We need a law punishing landlords for renting rooms to unmarried couples, another to prevent false registration as husband
and. wife.
Compelling Prostitution.
The sale of a wife's body by her husband is so common among
Asiatics here that a law penalizing this offense is a necessity, also
a law punishing parents who allow or force children to prostitute
themselves.
Commission to License Restaurants.
The social evil in Honolulu is so bound up with cheap restaurants that a Licensing Commission is demanded to issue or refuse licenses to all keepers of restaurants and coffee shops and
to maintain strict supervision of their conduct.  Children unaccompanied by parent or other suitable older persons should not
be allowed therein. This Commission might well have the licens



34


ing and supervision also of Dance Halls and Lodging Houses,
both of which need such oversight. The membership of this
Commission should include women as well as men.
Safeguarding Marriage.
The age of consent in girls and boys should be placed at the
limit where consent of parents to marriage of their daughters or
sons is no longer required. Sexual delinquency in both sexes
below that age should be treated not as criminal, but as evidence
of abnormality requiring proper institutional treatment. Abuse
by adult men of girls and by adult women of boys under the age
of consent should be very rigorously punished. Medical certificates of freedom from all communicable disease should be required of men before license to marry can issue and as soon as
enough women physicians in Hawaii make'it possible for women
to secure certificates from female practitioners a like law should
apply to them.
Wage and Labor Laws.
A minimum wage law and the model child labor law recommended by the National Child Labor Committee would do much
to save our Territory from abuses that minister to the social
evil in mainland committee.
Women Officials.
Police matrons for all police stations, women in charge of female offenders in jails and prisons together with police-women
for special patrol of sections of town where the social evil is
most in evidence are reforms that require the support of legal
enactment. Cities upon the mainland are pushing these measures
with'great rapidity and success. Chicago, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Los Angeles, Denver, Seattle, Portland, Tacoma, Terre Haute, and San Antonio all have women on the
police force.
Registration of Venereal Diseases.
The Philadelphia Vice Commission urgently demands the passage of a law requiring the Board of Health to secure the registration of all cases of venereal disease. Until these diseases are




35


treated scientifically like all other dangerous contagious diseases,
it is futile to hope for their extermination.
Co-operation of Officials.
Within the past year the United States Immigration Officials
here, headed by Inspector in charge Halsey, have done splendid
service in arresting and deporting alien prostitutes and their
consorts and other alien beneficiaries of vice, under the Federal
Immigration Statutes. The law and order forces of the Territory and the municipality should cooperate to the fullest extent
with the Federal service in the securing of evidence against these
aliens sufficient to insure their deportation. Inasmuch as a large
proportion of commercialized vice in H-onolulu is carried on by
aliens, the enforcement of the Federal Statutes constitutes one
effective phase of a definite program to eliminate as far as possible sexual vice in commercial form.
3. TREAT THE WOMEN OFFENDERS SCIENTIFICALLY.
The latest scientific opinion with reference to prostitution is
that there is one predisposing cause present in the women who
pursue this habit of life, and that is defective mentality. A very
few professional prostitutes are such because of sex perversion
or sex appetite; fifty or sixty per cent are betrayed innocents;
poverty and other industrial conditions account for many more;
a very large number are white slaves, forced into the business.
But women who fall or become victims do so because they are
to a degree mentally defective or mentally immature. In fact
the vast majority are made or become prostitutes at too early an
age for the mind to have developed powers enabling the victim
successfully to cope with the environment which society permits
to surround the betrayed or the wayward girl. The life, to
which she is thus constrained, itself tends to retard normal intellectual growth and progressively increases the defective mentality. This melancholy fact should operate as a large factor in
determining methods of treatment for the prostitute, who is always to be regarded as mentally deficient.
Vocational Boarding School.
Prostitution is not so much a crime as a disease. In its treatment several stages of the malady are distinctly recognizable.




36
First, there are the semi-delinquent abused children and other
young girls on the verge of a downward career. Not a few of
these, entirely innocent, have in childhood, been exposed to the
lust of men or to abuse by boys; and being without adequate
parental oversight are started in the direction of loose living.
For these girls a vocational school is needed where they may be
prepared for a life of self-support. When able to stand alone
and after securing a suitable position they should be discharged.
Se-mi-Professional Home School.
California has by law established a vocational school for girls
over fourteen years of age, which is open to any girl who wishes
to abondon a life of prostitution and only girls who go voluntarily are admitted. To such a school in this Territory the Juvenile Court might well commit girls who have not yet become professional prostitutes and who give too great promise to be sent
to the Industrial School for Girls. Girls should be retained in
the Home School until they are able to earn a living rand are
actually placed at work.
Professional Farm.
All professional prostitutes should be committed for life or
until cured, with release on probation to a Farm in the country
where they should be employed in healthful work with progressive remuneration.
No woman arrested for prostitution should ever be fined or
committed to jail. She should be held pending examination in
a suitable House of Detention, treated uniformly as a diseased
member of society and be prescribed for by commitment to the
Home School or Professional Farm. All cases of this kind
should be tried in a Morals Court, of which Chicago now furnishes an example. Thorough examination by a qualified woman
physician should follow arrest to determine the presence or absence of venereal disease, treatment for which, with hospital detention if necessary, should always automatically follow.
4. TREAT THE MAN OFFENDER SCIENTIFICALLY.
Here, as in the case of the woman, examination for venereal
disease and treatment, with enforced segregation if necessary,




37


should follow arrest. In case of a married man notification of
disease when present should be given to the wife with instruction for preserving the health of the family pending cure.
Further disposition of the case of the offender should be left
to the discretion of the Morals Court. Treatment might vary
from admonition at one extreme to operation for sterilizing or
for enforced impotence at the other. The Morals Court should
always have at its disposal a Board of Consulting Physicians.
5. PROPHYLACTIC SOCIAL MEASURES.
Public Recreation.
Recent studies show that the normal desire for play in young
persons when thwarted by modern social conditions predisposes
to sexual temptation and excess. Public playgrounds so ample
and conveniently situated as to furnish all children and adolescents with play facilities and edequately officered are a sine qua
iion in combating the social evil. These must be re-enforced
with public baths and comfort stations.
Wider Use of School Plant.
School houses are the slumbering assets of public morality.
They should be used for neighborhood (lances, properly chaperoned by social leaders. The Municipality should engage the
services of trained teachers of folk dances and movement plays
to bring into these evenings of dancing the most approved, most
healthful and mentally as well as morally most developing pastimes. Lectures, entertainments, motion picture shows should
all be introduced into the schools under the careful supervision
of the school authorities, so that the evenings of the people of
the neighborhood should be, directed along cultural lines of the
highest recreative as well as intellectual and moral value. Night
schools for adults and for minors employed during the day
should be instituted at once in Honolulu.
Municipal Theater.
In New England a most promising social experiment is being
tried out. Under competent management actors have been hired
to make the city their permanent home and give plays nightly




38


with Saturday matinee in a civic theater at prices within the purse
of the people. Honolulu, so far from the mainland that firstclass theatrical troups are difficult to secure, would seem an idetl
location for such a feature of municipal life. No city treasury
could stand the strain of such an institution without endowment
furnished by men of wealth. But given the spirit of liberality
prevalent here, there is little doubt that with suitable presentation of the need, the large-hearted philanthropists of the city
would gladly respond. Such a theatre would be an educative
factor of the highest value in the fight against illicit pleasures.
Social Secretaries.
Every possible effort should be made to induce corporations
and business houses employing any considerable number of
workers of either or both sexes to install a social secretary to
study the economic and social conditions of the employes, to be
their personal friend and adviser and to institute measures for
the betterment of the workers and their homes. Every public
school also should have a social service worker to cooperate with
the visiting school physician, dentist and trained nurse, to supervise its recreational features, to coordinate more closely home
and school and to direct the social activities of the scholars into
channels making for public welfare. The sphere of a trained
worker of this description would be very wide and her social
effectiveness incalculable.
6. EDUCATION IN SEX HYGIEINE.'
In the Home.
A campaign of women's clubs and organizations to teach
mothers how to educate their chilc(en in sex hygiene should be
instituted at once and prosecuted until the habit becomes registered in home life. Neighborhood classes might well be organized in public school buildings for parents to study this subject.
In the School.
The experiments being tried in Chicago and Philadelphia public schools, especially in night schools for adults, in high and normal schools and in colleges should be most carefully studied by




39


our Board of Education preparatory to introducing such features
as commend themselves to the judgment of the leading educators of the country.
Popular Leaflets.
The Department of Education should issue attractive leaflets
to be read by those applying for marriage license. These should
state the ethics of marriage, explain its reciprocal obligations and
emphasize its demand for mutual consideration.  Other pamphlets for general distribution should deal (1) with the care
of mother and child and with the father's conjugal duty during
child bearing, (2) with the care of infants up to five years of
age, explaining how to avoid contagious diseases, (3) with the
importance of the period of adolescence and how boys and girls
should be safeguarded through that period.
Creation of Public Opinion.
Honolulu might well follow Philadelphia in taking measures
to create public opinion that shall demand the reporting of all
cases of venereal disease and the subjecting of them to such control as is enforced in connection with other contagious diseases,
some of which are far less dangerous to the health of the individual and the well being of society.
Cooperation of Moral and Religious Agencies.
Churches; Y. M. C. A.; Y. W. C. A.; Women's and Men's
Clubs-educational associations-high schools and colleges, together with individuals should be induced to give popular instruction on the following subjects:
(1) The Home.
(2) Marriage; its history and its social and individual significance.
(3) The proper care of the child as the hope of the race.
(4) Education of children for largest social service.
(5) Emancipation of children from industrial exploitation.
(6) Poverty and its abolition from human society.
(7) Personal religion as the safeguard of community life.
In carrying out the above program the widest conceivable co



40


operation of every citizen, of every sort of association for the
benefit of society whether religious, educational, social or recreationa, is made both possible and necessary. We live in so
democratic an age that no reform can be engineered today without the participation of the people. To expect the police force
or a few higher officials to eradicate or mitigate social vice is
beyond the bounds of common sense. The people must reform
the people.  That is the solemn teaching of Europe and
America in their utter failure with toleration, segregation, and
regulation.  Something more radical, more accordant with the
demands of human nature, more scientific and thorough-going
and more consistent with the evolutionary trend of man's history
must be sought and put into effect. The program suggested by
this Committee is of this order. It is offered with no idea of its
being either exhaustive or a panacea. Its chief merit is first, its
workableness; second, the ease of its amendment, correction and
expansion as the result of experience here and elsewhere; and
third, its appeal to every class, race, and individual in our community to lend a hand in putting it to the test of actual trial.




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