OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE:
THE ADYENTURES OF
TWENTY-TWO SCOUTS
SENT BY
GEN. O. M. MITCHELL
TO DESTROY A RAILROAD; WITH A NARRATIVE OF THEIR BARBAROUS
TREATMENT BY THE REBELS
AND
JUDGE HOLT'S REPORT.
-Nothing on 80 grand a scale has been attempted, and nothing within the range of possibility
could be conceived that would fall with such a tremendous crushing force upon us as the accomplishment of the plans which were concocted and dependent on the execution of the one whose
history we now proceed to narrate."-Sojourn Confederacy. April 15,1862.
NEW YORK:
MILLER & MATHEWS, 757 BROADWAY.
1863.
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THE ROLL OF HONOR.
J. J. ANDREWS OF KENTUCKY, Leader of the Expedition.
WM. KNIGHT, Co. E, 21st Ohio Volunteers.
WILSON H. BROWN, Co. F, 21st Ohio.
MARK WOOD, Co. C, 21st Ohio.
ALFRED WILSON, Co. C, 21st Ohio.
_)HN R. PORTER, Co. G, 21st Ohio.
-tOBERT BUFFUM, Co. H, 21st Ohio.
WM. BENSINGER, Co. G, 21st Ohio.
R-HN SCOTT, Co. F, 21st Ohio.
S:geant E. A. MASON, Co. K, 21st Ohio.
DANIEL A. DORSEY, Co. H, 33d Ohio.
MARTIN J. HAWKINS, Co. A,-33d Ohio.
JOHN WHOLLAN, Co. C, 33d Ohio.
JACOB PARROT, Co. K, 33d Ohio.
Corporal WILLIAM REDDICK, Co. B, 33d Ohio.
SAMUEL ROBERSON, Co. G, 33d Ohio.
SAMUEL SLAVENS, Co. D, 33d Ohio.
Corporal WM. PITTENGER, Co. G, 2d Ohio.
GEORGE D. WILSON, Co. B, 2d Ohio.
MARION ROSS, Co. A, 2d Ohio, Sergeant-Major of the Regiment.
PERRY D. SHADRACK, Co. K, 2d Ohio.
WM. CAMPBELL of Kentucky. 
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
ON the 10th of November, 1862, Mark Wood and Alfred
Wilson arrived at Key West, Florida, on board the U. S.
steamer Stars and Stripes, and reported themselves to Col. Morgan, commanding the post, as members of the 21st Ohio Volunteers: having been sent out by Gen. Mitchell nearly eight months
previously, together with twenty others, on special service, to
capture a train of cars and destroy the railroad bridges on the
Georgia and Atlanta State Road.
At Key West they furnished the following remarkable narra
tive of daring deed and suffering, for publication in the Key
West New Era.
On Monday, April 7th, 1862, we left our camp at Shelbyville'
Tenn., and made for Manchester, Tenn. We had the utmost
difficulty in avoiding our own pickets, and several of the party
were near being shot. At Manchester, we represented ourselves
as Kentuckians on our way to Chattanooga, to join the rebel
army. After leaving Manchester, we arrived at a farm owned
by a Col. Harris, who, upon being told that we desired to join
the Confederates, showed us every attention, gave us lodging,
and in the morning harnessed his teams and conveyed four of us
to the Cumberland Mountains, and furnished us with letters and
passes to friends in Chattanooga.
At this time, the party divided into squads of two and four,
and started ahead of each other. All, however, told the same
story, and had the same object in making their way to the Army
lines. We crossed the mountains and followed the course of
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Battle Creek. During this journey, we frequently stopped at
houses in which we found Union men, who endeavored to persuade us to turn back and join the Federal Army.
Occasionally, we were regaled at the farmn-house of a secessionist
and received every attention and encouragement.
After a journey of five days, with alternate meetings of secession friends and Union dissuaders, we arrived at Chattanooga,
where we found eighteen of our party, the other two having
previously arrived and gone on to Marietta, Ga.
At Col. iHarris's we met a man who had just run the blockade
and offered one of our party forty dollars to pilot him across the
Cumberland Mountains. We, however, all refused, and expressed
a determination to join the Confederate Army. This lulled all
suspicion, and without delay or hindrance we took the cars for
Marietta. Before leaving, however, Andrews, the chief of the
party, divided among us seven hundred dollars of Confederate
Scrip and told us that we were soon to enter upon our dangerous
duty, but the first man that got drunk, or flinched in the least,
he would shoot him dead on the spot; that our object must be
accomplished, or we must leave our bones in Dixie.
He was a man of great determination and force of character,
as subsequent events will show.
After a journey of about eighteen hours, we arrived at
Marietta, Ga., and put up at a tavern.
The next morning before daylight we again took the cars and
went back the same road to a place called Big Shanty, a refreshment saloon on the line of the Georgia and Atlanta State Road,
where were encamped about 10,000 Confederate troops. It was
the general rendezvous for recruits and the organization of regiments. The train contained a number of soldiers as well as
citizens, together with a quantity of provisions, and an iron safe
containing a large amount of Confederate scrip to pay the troops
at Corinth, Miss., and here it was that we knew the duty we were
expected to do, viz.: destroy the track and bridges on the line
of the road, and thus prevent reinforcements and commissary
stores from reaching Virginia, Tennessee, and Georgia. Gen.
Mitchell had already cut off communication from Corinth by
holding Huntsville, Ala., and our duty was to destroy the track
and bridges from Big Shanty to and beyond Chattanooga, or as
far as Bridgeport, Tenn. It must be recollected that this portion
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of the road is built over innumerable creeks and rivers, and
crosses the Tennessee River at Bridgeport, where a fine bridge is
erected.
As before stated, our whole party, consisting of twenty-two, left
the cars, and divided into squads of three and four, taking sta tions on each side of the train-Andrews stationing himself at
the coupling-pin of the third car. [It must here be stated that a
number of our party were engineers, and thoroughly understood
the business we had on hand.] One of our engineers was at his
post, and found everything all right. All hands now mounted
the cars, although the guard was within three feet of them, the
word was given, Andrews drew the coupling-pin, and cried all
right. The train, now consisting of three cars and the engine,
was started off with as little noise as possible. We soon lost
sight of the lights at Big Shanty, and at the first curve the train
was stopped, and one of the party (John Scott) climbed the telegraph pole and cut the wires, we then started, and the next point,
at a town, name unknown, we tore up the track, and took a rail
with us on the car, and thus we continued tearing up the track
and cutting the wires, on the other side, after passing a town.
Unfortunately, however, for us, the train was running in a very
slow schedule, and we were compelled to switch off and let the
down  train pass us.  At the first station this occurred,  the
engineer of the road made his appearance, and was about to step
on the engine, when Andrews told him he could not come on
board, as this was an extra train to run through to Corinth, and
the present party were engaged to carry it there, and in support
of the assertion the iron safe was shown. This apparently satisfied the engineer, and we took in wood and water, and again
started. A second time we were compelled to switch off, and in
order to get the switch keys, Andrews, who knew the road well,
went into the station, and took them from the office. This
caused considerable excitement, but we quieted it in a measure
by stating that our train contained gunpowder for Beauregard
at Corinth, and soon after we again started. About twenty
miles south of Dalton, Ga., we came to a bridge, and here we set
fire to one of our cars, piled on wood, and left it on the bridge,
designing to set it on fire also. At this time, the engineer at
the Rome Branch, suspecting. that all was not right, started
up the track, and we suppose, found the rails torn up, and
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
immediately returned to the junction, and took on board a
quantity of loose rails, and followed after us. Where we
had torn up the rails he immediately laid one, and without
stopping to fasten it, started over slowly and gave chase. Soon he
came to the bridge with the burning car, which had not yet
caught the bridge. In the meantime we had switched off to
let an express pass, which train was duly informed of our
character by discovering the track torn up, and stopped, but was
soon joined by the Rome engineer who had succeeded in turn
ing the burning car off the bridge; they then started for us,
laying the track as they went along, which they could do in a
much shorter time than we could tear it up. Thus it was they
overtook us at work, and as soon as we found ourselves discovered, speed was our hope and at it we went, but unfortunately for
us our fuel was nearly out, and it was then determined to leave
the engine, and take to the woods.   Accordingly, we stopped
and reversed her, intending she should run back upon our pursuers; but in this we failed, as she had not sufficient steam to
turn her over, and our object had failed from a combination of
unfortunate circumstances.'Ten minutes more would have set
the bridge on fire, and the Rome engineer, with the rails, could
not have followed us, and the down express was entirely useless.
It was our intention to have destroyed all the bridges, run into
Chattanooga, wait until the evening train passed, and then gone
on to Bridgeport, destroyed the bridge over the Tennessee
River, and then away for Huntsville, and join Gen. Mitchell.
Our troubles now commenced, and the greatest of all our
disasters was the division of our party;'twas now every man
for himself. We started for the Tennessee River, but, being
entirely unacquainted with the country, mistook our way, and
after being hunted through the woods and twice fired at, made
our escape. Our travels from this time were a succession of hard.
ships and difficulties. We crossed the mountains, made the
Tennessee River, where we found a small boat with which we
made our way down the river to Stephenson, Ala.; here we
found the entire rebel force in a complete state of confusion,
occasioned, as we learned, by a visit from our cavalry which had
made a dash into the town, captured a few prisoners, and left
that morning.   We had succeeded in passing through the town
safely, when we suddenly came upon a force of rebel cavalry,
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commanded by Col. Stephenson, who took us prisoners just
fourteen days after leaving the balance of our party.   We were
immediately recognized as belonging to Andrews's party, and
after being confined one night in Stephenson, we were taken on
the cars to Chattanooga- and confined in jail, where we found
the whole party. It was endeavored to make us give the name
of the engineer, as they had a terrible fate in wait for him, but
not one of the party would divulge his name.  A  Court-Martial
was ordered for the trial of Andrews, and Pettinger, of the Second
Ohio, was taken out as a witness, and by alternate offers of pardon and persecution they endeavored to make him testify against
Andrews, but he was true to his word and companions, and the
Court could gain nothing from him. Andrews and Pettinger
were then sent back to us in jail, and we expected nothing less
than the whole party would be hung. At this time, about May
10, Chattanooga was threatened by our forces, and, for safe keeping, we were run off to Madison, Ga.  At Marietta, the cars
were stopped by a mob who threatened to drag us from the cars
and hang us to a tree, but the officer in charge of the train
prevented them from carrying it into execution by placing a
strong guard around the car, and the mob, after a great effort,
was dispersed. We arrived in safety at Madison, where, after
being kept in confinement three days, we were informed, we
were to be again taken to-Chattanooga, as the Yankees did not
intend to try to take that place. Accordingly we were again
taken back to that place, where the whole party-twenty-two in
number-were chained with heavy irons, and confined in a dark
dungeon, thirteen feet square, and for six weeks were fed on
half fare, of the most miserable quality. We were stripped of all
in our pockets, and left without a cent. Again the Court-Martial was
ordered, but this time at Knoxvile, and twelve of our party were
taken there, and confinedin largeiron cages. The Court foundseven
of them guilty of being spies and lurkers around the camps.
Our forces at this time advanced upon Cumberland Gap, and
Knoxville was threatened, and in order that we might be safely
kept, the whole party, including the ten at Chattanooga, were
sent to Atoa   a. Previous to leaving Chattanooga, Andrews's
sentence was read to him, which was that he was to be hung in
six days. It was then determined to attempt an escape by cutting through the jail, which was accomplished in one night, and
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
just at daybreak Andrews twisted his blanket into the form of a
rope, and succeeded —in reaching the fence. John Whollam next
followed, but was discovered. Andrews, in attempting to climb
the jail-yard fence, was also seen and fired upon by the guard,
but succeeded in getting over. Whollam also made a dash, and
cleared the fence; both then took to the river, and for the time
escaped. Three days afterward Andrews was captured and
brought back, and seven days elapsed before poor Whollam was
found. Hie had travelled eighty miles down the river, and was
twice within hail of the Union gunboats, but was afraid to make
himself known. As soon as those two had been brought back,
Andrews was chained, hands and feet, and the irons riveted on,
the shackles being of immense weight and sufficient to have held
an ox. The whole party were then run off to Atlanta, Ga. On
the 7th of June, Andrews was taken from the jail and hung, or
rather, strangled to death, for the tree on which they hung him
was so low that when his head touched the limb his toes touched
the ground, and it was necessary to dig the sand away in order
that he could be choked; his irons and shackles were still on
him.
After remaining in jail about seven days, the Provost-Marshal
came to our cell and took out the seven that were tried at Knoxville, viz.: Wilson, Ross, and P. G. Shaderick, 2d Ohio; Slaven
and Robinson, 33d Ohio; John Scott,; 21st Ohio; and William
Campbell, citizen, Louisville, Ky. These were taken from the
cell into an adjoining room, and then sentence of death was read
to them, and permission refused them to return to their comrades before execution, which took place in half an hour after
leaving us.* They were hung with cotton ropes, and two of the
party broke down, and were allowed to live about an hour, and
* A refugee from the State of Georgia, now in the city, who witnessed the execution, but from peculiar circumstances does not make his name public, corroborates
this statement, and adds that these brave men were surrounded by some three or
four hundred guerillas, and partisan rangers, as they called themselves, who disputed for the honor of being the executioners The matter was settled by the crowd
taking a vote, when twelve of the party were selected as the favored ones. The
rebel soldiers who perpetrated this outrageous murder, spent the remainder of the
day in spreeing and jollification, many of them writing home to their friends an
account of their pleasure in having assisted in the hanging of seven "blue bellies,"
as they termed the Union soldiera
NEW YORx, April 6, 1863.
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
see them put their comrades in coffins, after which they were
again hung up, and their lifeless bodies passed ourjail window
in about half an hour.   The balance qf the party, expecting
from day to day to be taken out and hung, still lingered on a
most miserable existence for the space of four months. In
October last, we were told that a Court-Martial was about to be
convened to try us, and expecting neither justice nor mercy at
their hands, it was reaohle4t-am-Pan escape.  Accordingly,
on the evening of the 15th of October, just as our jailer brought
up our supper, we (together with a Capt. Fry, who was confined
with us, known as the notorious Capt. Fry, spy and bridgeburner) rushed from our cell, took the keys and released four
other prisoners, and in a body fell upon the guard and disarmed
them.  We then succeeded in scaling the fence, and took the
shortest cut for the woods, distant about a mile.
By this time the guard and sentinels were after us, and as they
began to fire upon us, our party scattered and ran, every man
for himself. We two, however, kept together, and made good
our escape. How many of the party were retaken or shot, it is
impossible to say.  Capt. Fry, after being repeatedly shot at,
staggered and fell; it is therefore pretty certain that he was
killed. We kept on, and after wandering in the woods for twen-.
ty-two days, occasionally coming within hearing of cavalry, and
several times being nearly caught, subsisting upon corn and such
things as we could forage, we reached the borders of the Chattahoochee River, and there found a boat with which we came down
the stream, an'd after alternate rowing and drifting, subsisting on
raw catfish and berries, we reached Columbus, Ga., but did not
venture in the city, as we discovered a great many soldiers there.
Again we started off, determined to reach the Gulf coast, being
told by negroes that our blockading fleet were stationed there.
After a journey of eleven days, during which we suffered from
hunger and thirst, with scarcely sufficient rags left of clothes to
cover our bodies, our feet bruised and lacerated, we succeeded in
reaching Apalachicola Bay, on the coast of Florida, and there, for
the first time in eight months, beheld the Flag of the Free floating proudly from the peak of the United States steamer Somerset.
We were taken on board, and treated with the utmost kindness.
Our rags were exchanged for complete outfits of sailor clothes;
our wounds'were dressed, and every attention paid us that could
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be desired. We then realized that we were once more among
Union men. From the Somerset we were transferred to the
United States steamer Stars and Stripes, in which vessel we
arrived at Key West, Florida, on Monday, Nov. 10, and reported
to Col. Morgan, of the Ninetieth New York Volunteers, nearly
eight months from the time we left our regiment. In this statement we have omitted many interesting details, which would fill
a newspaper entire. It is our intention to proceed to Washingington, and from thence join our reiment.* We desire to express,
publicly, our heartfelt thanks to the many kind friends we have
met since coming within the jurisdiction of the American flag,
for the liberal and humane manner in which they have treated
us. May that God who has thus far spared our lives protect and
watch over them.
* By reference to the Judge Advocate's report, it will be seen that these brave
fellows' statement, who underwent hardship and privation exceeding that of their
comrades, has not been included in the depositions. They were probably prevented
from getting to Washington But it is to be hoped they will present themselves,
and receive the same attention and reward as their fellow soldiers.
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REPORT OF THE
JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL
SECRETARY OF WAR.
JDGE ADvOcAtT GEIcRAL' O Vs   March 2, 186
SIR  — I have the honor to transmit for your consideration the
accompanying depositions of:
Corporal William Pettinger, Company G, Second Regiment
Ohio Volunteers:
Private Jacob Parrot, Company K, Thirty-third Regiment
Ohio Volunteers:
Private Robert Buffum, Company H, Twenty-first Regiment
Ohio Volunteers:
Corporal William Reddick, Company B, Thirty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteers; and  
Private William Bensinger, Company G, Twenty-first Regi
ment Ohio Volunteers;
Taken at this office on the 25th instant, in compliance with
your written instructions, fom which the following facts will
appear:
These non-commissioned officers and privates belonged to an
expedition set on foot in April, 1862, at the suggestion of Mr. J.
J. Andrews, a citizen of Kentucky, who led it, and under the
authority and direction of General O. M. Mitchell, the object of
which was to destroy the communications on the Georgia State
Railroad, between Atlanta and Chattanooga.
The mode of operation proposed was to reach a point on the
road where they could seize a locomotive and train of cars, and
then dash back in the direction of Chattanooga, cutting the telegraph wires and burning the bridges behind them as they advanced, until they reached their own lines. The expedition
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
consisted of twenty-four men, who, with the exception of its
leader, Mr. Andrews, and another citizen of Kentucky, who
acted on the occasion as the substitute of a soldier, had been
selected from the different companies for their known courage
and discretion.
They were informed that the movement was to be a secret one,
and they doubtless comprehended something of its perils, but
Mr. Andrews and Mr. Reddick alone seem to have known anything of its precise direction or -object. They, however, voluntarily engaged in it, and made their way, in parties of two and
three, in citizen's dress, and carrying only their side arms, to
Chattanooga, the point of rendezvous agreed upon, where
twenty-two out of the twenty-four arrived safely. Here they
took passage, without attracting observation, for Marietta, which
they reached at 12 o'clock on the night of the 11th of April.
The following morning they took the cars back again toward
Chattanooga, and at a place called Big Shanty, while the engineer and passengers were breakfasting, they detached the locomotive and three box-cars from the train and started at full
speed for Chattanooga. They were now upon the field of the
perilous operations proposed by the expedition, but suddenly encountered unforeseen obstacles. According to the schedule of
the road, of which Mr. Andrews had possessed himself, they
should have met but a single train -on that day, whereas they
met three, two of them being engaged on extraordinary service.
About an hour was lost in waiting to allow these trains to
pass, which enabled their pursuers to press closely upon them.
They removed rails, threw out obstructions on the road, and cut
the wires from time to time, and attained, when in motion, a
speed of sixty miles an hour; but the time lost could not be
regained. — After having run about one hundred miles, they found
their supply of wood, water, and oil exhausted, while the rebel
locomotive which had been chasing them was in sight. Under
these circumstances they had no-alternative but to abandon their
cars and fly to the woods, which they did, under the orders of
Mr. Andrews, each one endeavoring to save himself as best he
might.
The expedition thus failed from causes which reflected neither
upon the genius by which it was planned, nor upon the intrepidity and discretion of those engaged in conducting it. But for
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the accident of meeting the extra trains, which could not have
been anticipated, the movement would have been a complete
success, and the whole aspect of the war in the South and South west would have been at once changed. The expedition in itself,
in the daring of its conception, had the wildness of a romance;
while in the gigantic and overwhelming results, which it sought
and was likely to accomplish, it was absolutely sublime.
The estimate of its character entertained in the South will be
found filly expressed in an editorial from the Southern Confedcracy, a prominent rebel journal, under date of the 15th of
April, and which is appended to and adopted as a part of Mr.
Pettinger's deposition.   The editor says: "The mind and heart
shrink back appalled at the bare contemplation of the awful consequences which would have followed the success of this one act.
We doubt if the victory of Manassas or Corinth were worth
as much to us as the frustration of this grand coup d'etat. It is
not by any means certain that the annihilation of Beauregard's
whole army at Corinth would be so fatal a blow to us as would
have been the burning of the bridges at that time by these men."
So soon as those composing the expedition had left the cars,
and dispersed themselves in the woods, the population of the
country around turned out in their pursuit, employing for this
purpose the dogs which are trained to hunt down the fugitive
slaves of the South. The whole twenty-two were captured.
Among them was private Jacob Parrot, of Company K, Thirtythird Regiment Ohio Volunteers. When arrested, he was, without any form of trial, taken possession of by a military officer
and four soldiers, who stripped him, bent him over a stone, and
while two pistols were held over his head, a lieutenant in rebel
uniform inflicted, with a raw hide, upwards of a hundred lashes
on his bare back. This was done in the presence of an infuriated
crowd, who clamored for his blood, and actually brought a rope
with which to hang him. The object of this prolonged scourging was to force this young man to confess to them the object of
the expedition, and the names of his comrades, especially that
of the engineer who had run the train. Their purpose was, no
doubt, not only to take the life of the latter, if identified, but to
do so with every circumstance of humiliation and torture which
they could devise.
Three times, in the progress of this horrible flogging, it was
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suspended, and Mr. Parrot was asked if he would not confess,
but steadily and firmly, to the last, he refused all disclosures, and
it-was not till his tormentors were weary of their brutal work
that the task of subduing their victim was abandoned as hopeless.
This youth is an orphan, without father or mother, and without
any of the advantages of education. Soon after the rebellion
broke out, though but eighteen years of age, he left his trade,
and threw himself into the ranks of our armies, as a volunteer;
and now, though still suffering from the outrages committed on
his person in the South, he is on his way to rejoin his regiment,
seeming to love his country only the more for all that he has
endured in its defence.
His subdued and modest manner, while narrating the part he
had borne in this expedition, showed him to be wholly unconscious of having done anything more than perform his simple
duty as a soldier.  Such Spartan fortitude, and such fidelity to
the trusts of friendship and to the inspirations of patriotism,
deserve an enduring record in the archives of the Government,
and will find it, I am sure, in the hearts of a loyal people.
The twenty-two captives, when secured, were thrust into the
negro jail of Chattanooga. They occupied a single room, half
under ground, and but thirteen feet square, so that there was not
space enough for them all to ile- down together, and a part of
them were, in consequence, obliged to sleep sitting and leaning
against the walls. The only entrance was through a trap-door
in the ceiling, that was raised twice a day to let down their
scanty meals, which were lowered in a bucket.
They had no other light or ventilation than that which came
through two small, triple-grated windows. They were covered
with swarming vermin, and the heat was so oppressive that they
were often obliged to strip themselves entirely of their clothes to
bear it. Add to this, they were all handcuffed, and, with trace
chains secured by padlocks around their ecks, were fastened to
each other in companies of twos and threes.  Their food, which
was doled out to them twice a day, consisted of a little flour,
wet with water and baked in the form of bread, and spoiled
pickled beef.
They had no opportunity of procuring any supplies from the
outside, nor had they any means of doing so; their pockets
having been rifled of their last cent by the Confederate authori
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ties, prominent among whom was an officer wearing the rebel uniform of a major. No part of the money thus basely taken was
ever returned.
During this imprisonment at Chattanooga their leader, Mr.
Andrews, was tried and condemned as a spy, and was subsequently executed at Atlanta, the 7th of June. They were strong
and in perfect health when they entered the negro jail, but at
the end of something more than three weeks, when they were
required to leave it, they were so exhausted from the treatment
to which they had been subjected, as scarcely to be able to walk,
and several staggered from weakness as they passed through the
streets to the cars.
Finally, twelve of the number, including the five who have
deposed, and Mr. Mason, of Company K, 21st Regiment Ohio
Volunteers, who was prevented by illness from giving his evidence-were transferred to the prison of Knoxville, Tennessee.
On arriving there, seven of them were arraigned before a CourtMartial, charged with being spies.  Their trial, of course, was
summary. They were permitted to be present, but not to hear
either the argument of their own counsel or that of the Judge
Advocate. Their counsel, however, afterwards visited the prison
and read to them the written defence which he made before the
court in their behalf. The substance of that paper is thus stated
by one of the witnesses, Corporal Pettinger:-" IIe (the counsel)
contended that our being dressed in citizen's clothes was nothing
more than what the Confederate Government itself had authorized, and was only what all the guerillas in the service of the
Confederacy did on all occasions when it would be an advantage
to them to do so; and he recited the instance of Gen. Morgan
having dressed his men in the uniform of our soldiers, and
passed them off as being from the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, and by that means succeeded in reaching a railroad and
destroying it. This instance was mentioned to show that our
being in citizen's clothes did not take from us the protection
awarded to prisoners of war. The plea went on further to state
that we had told the object of our expedition; that it was a
purely military one for the destruction of communications, and
as such, lawful according to the rules of war."
This just and unanswerable presentation of the case appears
to have produced its appropriate impression. Several members
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of the Court-Martial afterward called on the prisoners, and
assured them that, from the evidence against them, they could
not be condemned as spies; that they had come for a certain
known object, and not having lingered about or visited any of
their camps, obtaining or seeking information, they could not be
convicted. Soon thereafter all the prisoners were removed to
Atlanta, Ga., and they left Knoxville under a belief that their
comrades, who had been tried, either had been or would be
acquitted. In the meantime, however, the views entertained and
expressed to them by the members of the court were overcome,
it may be safely assumed, under the prompting of the remorseless despotism at Richmond. On the 18th of June, after their
arrival at Atlanta, where they rejoined the comrades from whom
they had been separated at Chattanooga, their prison door was
opened, and the death sentences of the seven who had been tried
at Knoxville were read to them.  No time for preparation was
allowed them. They were told to bid their friends farewell,
"and to be quick about it."  They were at once tied and carried
out to execution. Among the seven was private Samuel Robinson, Co. G, 33d Ohio Volunteers, who was too ill to walk. He
was, however, pinioned like the rest, and in this condition was
dragged from the floor on which he was lying, to the the scaffold.
In an hour or more the cavalry escort, which had accompanied
them, was seen returning with the cart, but the cart was empty
-the tragedy had been consummated!
On that evening and the following morning the prisoners
learned from the Provost-Marshal and guard that their comrades
had died, as all true soldiers of the Republic should die, in the
presence of its enemies. Among the revolting incidents which
they mentioned in connection with this cowardly butchery, was
the fall of two of the victims from the breaking of the ropes,
after they had beenfi for some time suspended. On their being
restored to consciousness, they begged for an hour in which to
pray and to prepare for death, but this was refused them. The
ropes were readjusted, and the execution at once proceeded.
Among those who thus perished was Private Geo. D. Wilson,
Company C, 21st Ohio Volunteers. He was a mechanic from
Cincinnati, who, in the exercise of his trade, had travelled much
through the States North and South, and who had a greatness
of soul which sympathized intensely with our struggle  for
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
national life, and was in that dark hour filled with joyous con victions of our final triumph. Though surrounded by a scowl ing crowd, impatient for his sacrifice, he did not hesitate, while
standing under the gallows, to make them a brief address.   He
told them that, though they were all wrong, he had no hostile
feelings toward the Southern people, believing that not they but
their leaders were responsible for the Rebellion; that he was no
spy, as charged, but a soldier regularly detailed for military
duty; that he did not regret to die for his country, but only
regretted the mannpr of his death; and he added, for their
admonition, that they would yet see the time when the old Union
would be restored, and when its flag would wave over them
again. And with these words the brave man died. He, like
his comrades, calmly met the ignominious doom of a felon-but,
happily, ignominious for him and for them only so far as the
martyrdom of the patriot and the hero can be degraded by the
hands of ruffians and traitors.
The remaining prisoners, now reduced to fourteen, were kept
closely confined, under special guard, in the jail at Atlanta, until
October, when, overhearing a conversation between the jailer
and another officer, they became satisfied that it was the purpose
of the authorities to hang therm, as they had done their companions. This led them to form a plan for their escape, which
they carried into execution on the -evening of the next day, by
seizing the jailer when he opened the door to carry away the
bucket in which their. supper had been brought. This was followe'd by the seizure also of seven guards on duty, and before
the alarm was given eight of the fugitives were beyond the reach
of pursuit.  It has been since ascertained that six of theses after
long and painful wanderings, succeeded in reaching our lines.
Of the fate of the other two, nothing is known.  The remaining
six of the fourteen, consisting of five'witnesses who have deposed,
and Mr. Mason, were re-captured and confined in the barracks
until December, when they were removed to Richmond. There
they were shut up in a room in Castle Thunder, where they
shivered through the winter, without fire, thinly clad, and with
but two small blankets, which they had saved with their clothes,
to cover the whole party. So they remained until a few days
since, when they were exchanged; and thus, at the end of eleven
months, terminated their pitiless persecutions in the prisons of
2
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17 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
the South-persecution begun and continued amid inictignities
and sufferings on their part, and atrocities on the part of their
traitorous foes, which illustrate far more faithfully than any
human language could express it, the demoniac spirit of a revolt,
every throb of whose life is a crime against the very race to
which we belong.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. HOLT, Judge Advocate General
IION. EDWIN M. STrANTON, Secretary of War.
TESTIMONY.
Depositions of Corporal William Pittenger, Company G, 2d Regi  ment Ohio Volunteers; Private Jacob Parrot, Company K  33d
Regiment Ohio Volunteers; Private Robert Buffumr, Company
H, 21st Regiment Ohio Volunteers; Corporal  IVilliam Heddick,
Company B, 33d Regiment Ohio Volunteers; and Private Wil  liam Bensinger,  Comvpany  G, 21st Regiment Ohio  Volunteers,
taken at the office of the Judge'Advocate General of the Army, in
the City of Washington, on the 24th of March, 1863, before X.
Callan, Justice of the Peace, in compliance with the written instruc  tions of the Secretary of War.
Corporal William Pittenger was duly sworn and examined, as
follows:
BX the Judge Advocate General-Question. Will you state
what position you hqld in the military service?
Answer. 1.4 ra a,corporal in Company G, 2d Regiment Ohio
Volunteers.
QuestioQn. Will you state whether you belonged to the expedition ftted out in the Spring of 1862 by Gen. O. M. Mitchell,
for operations in the State of Georgia?
Answer. I did.
Question. Please state the character of that expedition, the
number of men engaged in it, its operations, and the final result.
Answer. The expedition was planned between Gen. Mitchell
and Mr. J. J. Andrews, a citizen qf Kentucky, then in the secret
-18 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
service of the Government, M3r. Andrews asked for a detail of
24 men from the three Ohio regiments of the brigade commanded
by Col., afterward Gen. Sill.  Of these 24 men only 22 succeeded in getting through the lines. The object of the expedition was to destroyv-e._eommunications on the Georgia State
railroad, between Atlanta and  Chattanooga, by burning-:'"&ieQ_
bridg"es. For this purpose we intended to seize an engine.and a
train of cars, at a place where there could be no other engine and
a train of cars to pursue us, and to run ahead, cutting the Telegraph wires, and burning the bridges behind us, if possible, until
we should reach our own lines  Gen. Mitchell at that time was
moving on Huntsville, and it was supposed that he would be there
as,soon as we could reach there. We started in citizen's clothes;
we were ordered to dress in citizen's clothes,'with side arms only,
and we were to pass through the lines in squads of three or four,
to meet at Chattanooga. We met no pickets or opposition of
any kind on our way, there being no large military force there
-nothing but camps of instruction for new recruits in that section of the country.  From Chattanooga we proceeded to Marietta,
Georgia, by rail, and arrived there on the night of 11th of April,
at midnight. On the morning of the 12th, we took passage back
again for Marietta toward Chattanooga, and at a place called Big
Shanty, while the passengers, the engineer and conductor were
at breakfast, we detached the engine and three box-cars from the
train and started. There was no engine there to pursue us, but
we were pursued by a hand-car.  Mr. Andrews, the leader of
the'expedition, had a schedule of the road, and according to that
schedule we had but one train to pass, at a station but a short
distance from where we captured the train; and after that we
intended to run the train through at full speed, and accomplish
the object of the expedition.  Unfortunately,  however, that
morning, for the first time, two other additional trains had been
put on the road, making three that we had to meet and pass
instead of one, and at considerable intervals. We were obliged
to wait at one station for 25 minutes, and at the second we had
to wait; and we were also delayed waiting for the third train;
by this means we lost so muc(h time that those pursuing came
nearly up with us from behind, and we had no time to accomplish
the object of the expedition. We attempted to delay the pursuit by taking up the rails, but they had forethought enough to
19 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
take a party of workmen with them to lay the rails again. We
proceeded until we were within some fifteen or eighteen miles of
Chattanooga, when we got out of wood and water, and the pursuing train was so close behind us that we had not time to take
in any more, and we therefore abandoned the train. Our leader,
Mr. Andrews, told us to take to the woods and disperse, and
save ourselves if we could. We were immediately pursued by
the whole population. There was great excitement, all the
planters and people of the neighborhood turned out with the
dogs that they employed to hunt their negroes, and pursued us.
Some of our party were taken that day and some on the next
day; two were not taken until three weeks afterward, but all
were finally captured. The party consisted of twenty United
States soldiers, one citizen of Kentucky, who was on a visit to
our regiment and went in the place of another soldiers and Mr.
Aidrews, our leader.
Question. Who was Mr. Andrews?
Answer. He was a citizen in the employ of tihe Government;
he had been employed in the secret service of the Government;
he told me about several of his expeditions; among others, he
stated that he had visited Fort Donelson before it was captured;
we were all, 22 of us, taken to the jail, or rather to the negro
prison in Chattanooga, and confined there in a lower apartment,
or dungeon of the building, only about thirteen feet square, and
about the same height, and partly under ground, having only two
windows on opposite sides not over eighteen inches in diameter
with triple rows of bars. The ventilation there'was so imperfect
that it reminded me more of the Black-Hole of Calcutta than
anything else. When the first of our party were taken there to
the jail there were others, Union men of Tennessee, who were
confined there in this same room; as others of our party were
taken and brought there, some of these Union men were taken
out, until, finally, there were none there but the 22 of our party.
We were placed in irons, were handcuffed, and chained twos and
twos with chains; I think there were two parties of three coupled
together, but the remainder were coupled in twos. The trapdoor of the building, the only entrance, was raised only to let
down our meals, which was lowered to us in a bucket by a rope,
twice a day. Our fare was very scanty, and we were reduced so
as to be scarcely able to walk, although before we had all been
20 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
well, hearty, strong men. We were confined there, I think, a
little over three weeks, and when we came out, at the end of that
time, we were scarcely able to walk; some actually staggered
along as they marched to the cars. While we were there, Mr.
Andrews was tried before a Court-Martial, under the orders, I
believe, of Gen. Leadbetter, or those of Kirby Smith, his superior.
His sentence was not announced until we had left there. After
we had been confined there about three weeks, Gen. Mitchell
advanced to Bridgeport, producing a great panic in Chattanooga,
and they transferred us south to Madison, in Georgia. We
remained there until they found that Gen. Mitchell did not
intend to advance on Chattanooga, when they brought us back.
By this time we had been put under the charge of a captain,
who interceded for us and procured us some little better quarters.
We were allowed to occupy an upper story of the jail, a room
of the same size but having larger windows, and three instead
,of two. We remained there a few days; I do not remember
exactly how long, when twelve of us were taken to Knoxville, and the remainder were kept in Chattanooga I was
one of those who were sent to Knoxville. Shortly after we
had gone to Knoxville, Mr. Andrews's sentence was read to him,
and, in accordance with that, he was executed at Atlanta, Georgia,
on the 7th of June. At Knoxville, some of our boys were
put on trial as spies. Only seven were tried, and the trial occupied but a very short time Although we were allowed the
privilege of employing counsel, yet we were not allowed to hear
the pleas of counsel. When our men demanded the privilege of
hearing the plea of our own counsel, and of the Judge Advocate
against us, they refused it. The first one who was tried demanded
that privilege, and they refused him, and said they would not
allow it, which, of course, amounted to a refusal for all. Our
lawyer, however, visited us, and read his plea to us   I suppose
that it was the same which he read in court, in which he contended that our being dressed in citizen's clothes was nothing
more than what the Confederate Government itself had authorized, and was only what all the guerillas in the service of the
Confederacy did on all occasions when it would be of advantage
to them to do so. And he cited the instance of Gieo. Morgan
having dressed his men in the uniform of our soldiers, and passed
them off as being from the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment/
21 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
and by that means succeeded in reaching a railroad and destroying
it. This instance was mentioned to show that our being dressed
in citizen's clothes did not take from us the protection accorded
to prisoners of war. The plea went on further to state that we
had told the object of our expedition; that it was a purely military one for the destruction of communication, and, as such,
lawful according to the rules of war.' What reply the Judge
Advocate made to this we never had any means of knowing, as
we were not allowed to hear it.  Members of the Court-Martial,
however, visited us, and told us that from the evidences against
us we could not be convicted as spies; that we came for a certain, known object, did not visit in their camps at any place, did
not remain about them or seek to obtain any information of
them, and therefore we could not be convicted as spies.  Shortly
afterward they transferred us twelve to Atlanta, Georgia, where
those who had remained in Chattanooga had been previously
taken. After remaining there for a short time, an order came for
the execution of our seven comrades who had been tried. It
was at that time entirely unexpected to us, although at first it
would not have been. Sentence of death was read to them, and
they were immediately tied, without any time for preparation
being allowed them. They were told to bid us farewell, and
"to be quick about it," and then they were taken out of the
prison, and we could see them from the window, in a wagon
escorted by cavalry. In the course of something like an hour
or so the cavalry returned without them. That evening Capt.
Forakers, the Provost-Marshal, called upon us. We asked him
how our companions had met their fate. HIe told us like brave
men.  The next day we conversed with the guard who was
guarding us; with ow in particular, who described the scene of
the execution where he was present. Hle told us of the speech
that one of those men, named Wilson, from my regiment, had
made on the scaffold; and also told us that two of the heaviest
men, had broke the ropes when they were hanging and fell to
the ground. The' afterwards revived and asked for a drink of
water, which was given to them; and they requested an hour to
prepare for death, and to pray before they were again hung up.
That was refused them, and as soon as the ropes were adjusted
they were compelled to ascend the scaffold again. The guard
told me that Mr. Wilson had spoken very calmly; had told them
22 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
that they were all in the wrong; that they would yet see the
time when the old Union would be restored, and the flag of our
country would wave over all of that country; that he had no
bad feelings towards the Southern people; but considered that it,
was only their leaders who were to blame for the course they had
taken. He also said that although he was condemned as a spy,
he was none; but was a regularly detailed soldier, and died perfectly innocent of the charge against him; that he did not regret
to die for his country, but only regretted the manner of his death.
That is the substance of it as far as I can recollect. We all
expected to share the same fate as our companions.
We remained there confined very closely in the City Jail. A
special guard was placed over us from and before the time of the
execution, on the 18th of June, until in October. We were all,
fifteen of us, kept in the same room all the time-a room not
much larger than this (the Judge Advocate General's office). I
said there were fifteen of us-the fourteen surviving members of
the expedition, and a Capt. Fry, a Union officer of East Tennessee, who had been sent from Knoxville with us, and confined
in the same room with us, as they considered it the securest part
of the building.
Question. What knowledge, if any, have you of one of your
companions in this expedition-Mr. Parrot-having been seized
and scourged by the Confederate authorities?  State all you
know on the subject, either from your own knowledge, or from
his statements, or from the statements of Confederate officers.
Answer. That occurred before I was myself captured, after
leaving the train.  Mr. Parrot himself gave me a complete narrative of the transaction as soon as we reached Chattanooga,
where we were all taken after a time.  In addition to his statement I heard the statement of his companion, the man taken with
him, and one of those subsequently executed, who told me substantially the same story that Mr. Parrot did-that Mr. Parrot
received over one.hundred lashes to make him confess the objects
of the expedition, the names of his companions, and particularly
the name of the engineer who ran the train, all of which he
refused to do. It was said by the Confederates that this flogging
was inflicted by a mob; that "they took him and whipped him"
-that was the expression they used.  Afterwards  when we
were going to Madison, at the time when we were taken away
23 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
from Chattanooga, a Confederate officer called upon us at a station where the cars stopped, and spoke to Mr. Parrot in my
hearing, and told him that he admired his courage and hardihood
in refusing to confess under the flogging he had received, and
also stated that he was sorry they had beaten him so severely.
In October, Col. Lee, who was then Provost-Marshal, having taken the place of the former Provost-Marshal, came to us,
and told us that he had received a letter from the Secretary of
War of the Confederacy, inquiring why we had not all been
executed.   Col. Lee told us that he had replied that he was personally unacquainted with the affair, but he supposed it was probable that there were some mitigating circumstances in our cases,
and had referred to-the Court-Martial which tried the others for
those circumstances. One or two days after that the jailer was
overheard talking with an officer of the guard, and telling him
that the remainder of our party were to be executed also. From
this we supposed that the Secretary of War had ordered it, and
we determined to escape if possible.   On  the evening of the
next day, after we had had our supper, when they opened the
door to take out the buckets in which our supper was brought,
we seized the jailer and held him, opened another room of the
prison, in which others were confined, went down stairs and
seized the guard-there were seven of the guard-and then attempted to make our escape, and eight of us succeeded in getting
off before the alarm was given. The others were captured; four
on the same evening, and two others the next day.   I was one
of those captured on the same evening. Shortly afterthat, they
removed us to the barracks in town, where we were better treated, more kindly treated than we had ever been before that. We
remained there until December, when we were sent to Richmond. We were first taken to the Libby Prison, and told that
we were to be exchanged. They sent a very light guard along
with us, trusting to our belief that we would be exchanged; and
so believing, we went along quietly and mad! no attempt to escape, which we could easily have done. We were taken to the
Libby Prison and kept there about an hour, and then transferred to the criminal prison, Castle Thunder. Here we were put
into a little room up stairs, of which three sides were only weatherboarded, and there we remained during the months of December and January, without any fire, and with a very scanty
24 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
supply of clothing, as they had taken all our blankets from us
when we left Atlanta, with the exception of two small ones,
which we had managed to secrete when we left the barracks.
This was the only covering we had during those two months for
all six of us there.  We were very destitute of other clothing at
that time-nearly out of it, in fat.  About the 1st of February,
however, they wanted that room, with a number of other rooms
on the same floor, for hospital purposes, and transferred us to a
large room down stairs on the ground floor, which was assigned
Union prisoners. Here we enjoyed more liberty than we had
before, and remained until a special exchange was made. They
attempted to exchange us as citizens, leaving our name on the
citizens' list from Castle Thunder, although we had our names
marked as soldiers, and our companies and regiments were down
on the prison books; and, in the charges and specifications given
to the seven of our comrades who were tried and executed, it
was admitted that they were soldiers, and their companies and
regiments were named.
Question. Were the men engaged in.that expedition detailed
by the officers, or did they volunteer? Under what circumstances did they enter upon that expedition?
Answer. Gen. Mitchell issued an order to the Colonels of the
three Ohio regiments in Sill's brigade to have a man detailed
from each company-for the captain of each company to select
a reliable man of his company for this purpose. They were then
sent to the colonel's quarters and told what they were wanted to
do-that they were wanted to dress in citizen's clothes and obey
the orders of Mr. Andrews. The expedition was not explained
to us then, but we were told that we were to obey Mr. Andrews's
orders, and to go with him on a secret expedition. The object
of the expedition was explained to us that night by Mr.Andrews,
who assembled us together about a mile from Shelbyville after
it got dark, and there gave us the main outlines: that we were
to go into Georgia to Marietta, to make our way there as well as
we could, and tlhere to seize a train, and he would be with us all
the time after reaching there to direct us how to proceed.
Question. The leading object of the expedition was to cut the
communications and destroy the bridges?
Answer. Yes, Sir; the capture of the engine and train was
merely a means to that end.
25 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Question. Have you any evidence of the estimate which was
placed by the Confederate authorities upon the importance of
this expedition had it been successful?
Answer. I have a paper here now, one of the most influential
in the State of Georgia, at least, called The Southern Confederacy.
The copy which I have is date[ April 15. 1862.  We seized the
train on the 12th of April, and this paper was printed three days
after, and before they had learned the full particulars of the capture. I will read a portion of that article.
(The witness then produced the paper, and read from the article referred to.)
Question. How came you in possession of that paper?
Answer. The officer of the guard in charge of us had it and
laid it down, and I took it and have carried it secreted about my
person ever since, which accounts for its soiled and worn condition. I would refer to the entire article as the best answer to
your question, as to the importance attached to the expedition
by the Confederate authorities.
(A copy of the article referred to is hereto appended as a
portion of this deposition.)
Question. Were you personally acquainted with Mr. Wilson
who made the address upon the scaffold before the execution
Answer. Yes, Sir!
Question. Will you state to what company and regiment he
belonged, and from what part of the State of Ohio he came?
Answer. He was a member of Company B, of the 2d Ohio
Regiment-my regiment.  He had resided in Cincinnati a long
time, and came from there. He was a shoemaker by trade, a
man between 30 and 35 years of age, and had travelled a great
deal over the United States, working at his trade. He said he
had a family of two children; his wife was not living.
Question. Will you please give, if you can, the names of all
your comrades who were executed, with the companies and
regiments to which they belonged?
Answer. There were George D. Wilson, Company B, 2d Ohio
Infantry; Marion Ross, Company A, 2d Ohio Infantry, the
Sergeant-Major of the Regiment; Perry G. Shadrack, Company
K, 2d Ohio; Samuel Roberson, Company G, 33d Ohio; Samue]
Slavens, Company D, 33d Ohio; John Scott, Company F, 21st
Ohio; William Campbell, a citizen of Kentucky; and J. J.
It
26 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Andrews, a citizen of Kentucky also, and our leader. William
Campbell was on a visit to our regiment at the time this detail
was made. The captain of one of our companies asked him if
he would go in the place of one of the soldiers, and he agreed to
do so. We always said, when questioned about him, that he was
a soldier.
Question. Will you state what you know, if anything, in regard to the origin of this secret expedition-by whom it was
planned, and when?
Answer. I do not know of my own knowledge; but Mr.
Andrews told me that he himself, in his visits to the South, had
noticed that this thing could be accomplished, and that it would
be of great benefit to us. He had proposed it to Gen. Buell,
who did not give him much encouragement. Afterward he proposed it to Gen. Mitchell, who gave him more encouragement,
and gave him permission to take eight men from the 2d Ohio
regiment, which he had been with considerable, and attempted
to execute the plan. The men were given him, and he proceeded in the same way that we did to Atlanta; but on arriving
there, he found that the engineer whom Mr. Andrews had
engaged to run the train for them was not there, on account of
having been pressed to run reinforcements to Beauregard at
Corinth. For this reason they were obliged to give upthe plan,
and go quietly back as passengers to Chattanooga, and then
return through the country to our camp. Mr. Andrews then told
Gen. Mitchell that from all he had seen in that expedition he still
considered the thing easy of accomplishment, and asked for a
larger detail of twenty-four men from the three regiments, which
he obtained. Hie asked to have some engineers selected, so that
there should be no possibility of a failure the second time like
the first.  There were consequently four men in our party who
could run engines; only one, however, did so on that expedition. None of those on the first expedition went on the second:
entirely new men were selected the second time.
Question. Will you, if you can, give the names of the members
of that expedition, in addition to those spoken of in this testimony- that is to say, the witnesses who are to depose here,
together with a Mr. Mason, and the seven who were executed?
Answer. They are as follows: William Knight, Company E,
21st Ohio; Wilson IH. Brown, Company F, 21st Ohio; Daniel
27 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
A. Dorsey, Company H, 33d Ohio; Mark Wood, Company C,
21st Ohio; Alfred Wilson, of the same company and regiment.
This was the only instance where two men were taken from the
same company. Martin J. Hawkins, Company A, 33d Ohio;
John Wollan, Company C, 33d Ohio, and John R. Porter, Company G, 21st Ohio. These eight I have just named were those
who succeeded in making their escape, and were not retaken at
the time that we were. We saw in a Confederate paper an extract frong The Cincinnati Commercial, stating that the two last
named, Wollan and Porter, had succeeded in reaching our lines,
in a very destitute condition, at Corinth, which was then in our
possession. We were told by Col. Lee, the Provost-Marshal at
Atlanta, that three of those who had escaped had been shot and
left in the woods; but we did not know how much dependence
to place upon that.
WTILLIAMi PITTENGER,
Company G., 2d Ohio Regiment Volunteers.
From The Southern Confederacy of April 19,1862.
The Great Railroad Chase-The Jfost Extraordinary and Astound  ing Adventure of the War-The Jfost Daring Undertaking that
Yankees ever Planned or Attempted to Execute-Stealing an
Engine-Tearing Up the Track-Pursued on foot, on Hand  Cars and Engines-Overtaken-a  Scattering-The Capture  The Wonderful Energy ofessrs. Fuller,  _rphy, and Cain
Some Reflections, etc.-Full Particulars.
SINCE our last issue we have obtained full particulars of the
most thrilling railroad adventure that ever occurred on the
American continent, as well as the mightiest and most important
in its results, if successful, that has been conceived by the Lincoln Government since the commencement of this war. Nothing
on so grand a scale has been attempted, and nothing within the
range of possibility could be conceived that would fall with such
a tremendous crushing force upon us as the accomplishmenit of
the plans which were concocted and dependent on the execution
of the one whose history we now proceed to narrate.
Its reality-what was actually done-excels all the extravagant
28 
conceptions of the Arrowsmith hoax, which fiction created such a
profound sensation in Europe.
To make the matter more complete and intelligible, we take
our readers over the same history of' the case which we related
in our last, the main features of which are correct, but are lacking
in details, which have since come to hand.
WAVe will begin at the breakfast table, in the Big Shanty hotel
at Camp McDonald, on the W. & A. Railroad, where several
regiments of soldiers are now encamped. The morning mail and
passenger train had left here at 4 A.M. on last Saturday morning
as usual, and had stopped there for breakfast.  The conductor,
W. A. Fuller, the engineer, J. Caiin-both of this city-and the
passengers, were at the table, when some eight men, having uncoupled the engine and three empty box-cars next to it from the
passenger and baggage cars, mounted the engine, pulled upon the
valve, put on all steam, and left conductor, engineer, passengers,
spectators, and the soldiers in the camp hard by, all lost in
amazement, and dumbfounded at the strange, startling, daring
act.
This unheard-of act was doubtless undertaken at that place
and time upon the presumption that pursuit could not be made
by an engine short of Kingston, some thirty miles above or from
this place; and that, by cutting down the telegraph wires as they
proceeded, the adventurers could calculate on at least three or
four hours' start of any pursuit it was reasonable to expect.
This was a legitimate conclusion, and but for the will, energy,
and quick and good judgment of Mr. Fuller and Mr. Cain, and
Mr. Anthony Murphy, the intelligent and practical foreman of
the wood department of the State-road shop, who accidentally
went on the train from this place that morning, their calculations
would have worked out as originally contemplated,  and the
results would have been obtained long ere this reaches the eyes
of our readers-the most terrible to us of any that we can conceive as possible, and unequalled by anything attempted or conceived since this war was commenced. Now for the chase!
These three determined men, without a moment's delay, put
out after the flying train on foot, amid shouts of laughter by the
crowd, who, though lost in amazement at the unexpected and
daring act, could not repress their risibility at seeing three men
start after a train on foot, which they had just witnessed depart
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
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at lightning speed. They put on all their speed and ran along
the track for three miles, when they came across some track
raisers who had a small truck car, which is shoved along by men
so employed on railroadsf on which to carry their tools. This
truck and men were at once "impressed." They took it by
turns of two at a time to run behind this truck and push it along
all up grades and level portions of the road, and let it drive at
will on all the down grades.
A little way further up the fugitive adventurers had stopped,
cut the telegraph wires, and torn up the track. Here the pursuers were thrown oqt pell-mell, truck and men, upon the side of
the road.  Fortunately, "nobody was hurt on our side."  The
truck was soon placed on the road again, enough hands were left
to repair the track, and with all the power of determined will
and muscle, they pushed on to Etowah Station, some twenty
miles above. Here, most fortunately, Major Cooper's old coal
engine-the Yonah-one of the first engines on the State Road,
was standing out fired up. This venerable locomotive was immediately turned round upon her old track, and, like an old
racer at the tap of the drum, pricked up her ears, and made fine
time to Kingston.
The fugitives, not expecting such early pursuit, quietly took
in wood and water at Cass Station, and borrowed a schedule
from the tank-tender upon the plausible plea that they were
running a pressed train loaded with powder for Beauregard.
The attentive and patriotic tank-tender, Mr. Wm. Russell, said
he gave them his schedule, and would have sent the shirt off his
back to Beauregard if it had been asked for. Here the adventure
ous fugitives inquired which end of the switch they should go
in on at Kingston.  When they arrived at Kingston, they stop
ped, went to the agent there, told the powder story, readily got
the switch key, went on the upper turnout, and waited for the
down way freight train to pass.  To all inquiries they replied
with the same powder story. When the freight train had passed
they immediately proceeded to the next station, Adairsville,
where they were to meet the regular down freight train.
At some point on the way they had taken on some fifty
cross-ties, and before reaching Adairsville they stopped on a curve,
tore up the rails, and put seven cross-ties on the track, no doubt
intending to wreck this down freight train; which would be along
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in a few minutes. They had out upon the engine a red hand kerchief as a kind of flag or signal, which, in railroading, means
another train is behind, thereby indicating to all that the regular
passenger train would be along presently. They stopped a mo ment at Adairsville, and said Fuller, with the regular passenger
train, was behind, and would wait at Kingston for the freight
train, and told the conductor thereon to push ahead and meet
him at that point.  They passed on to Calhoun, where they met
the down passenger train due here at 4.20 P.M., and without
making any stop, they proceeded on, on, and on.
But we must return to Fuller and his party, whom we have
unconsciously left on the old Yonah, making their way to
Kingston. Arriving there, and learning the adventurers were
but twenty minutes ahead, they left the "Yonah" to blow off
while they mounted the engine of the Rome Branch road, which
was ready fired up, and waiting for the arrival of the passenger
train, nearly due, when it would have proceeded to Rome. A
large party of gentlemen volunteered for the chase; some at
Acworth, Alltoona, Kingston, and other points, taking such
arms as they could lay their hands on at the moment, and with
this fresh engine they set out with all speed, but with "great
care and caution," as they had scarcely time to makle Adairsville
before the down freight train would leave that point. Sure
enough they discovered this side of Adairsville three rails torn
up, and other impediments in the way.  They  "took up 7 in
time to prevent an accident, but could proceed with the train no
further.   This was most vexatious, and it may  have been in
some degree disheartening, but it did not cause the slightest
relaxation of efforts, and as the result provec, was but little in
the way of the dead game plu(ck and resolutions of Fuller and
Murphy, who left the engine and again put out on foot alone.
After running two miles they met the down freight train one
mile out of Adairsville. They immediately reversed the train,
and ran backwards to Adairsville, put the cars on the siding,
and pressed forward, making the time to- Calhoun, where they
-met the regular down passenger train.  Here they halted a
moment, took on board a telegraph operator and a number of
men, who again volunteered taking their guns along, and continued the chase. Mr. Fuller also took in here a company of track
hands to repair the track as they went along. A short distance
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
above Calhoun they flu?hed their game on a curve, where they
doubtless supposed themselves out of danger, and were quietly
oiling the engine, taking up the track, &c. Discovering that
they were pursued, they mounted and sped away, throwing out
upon the track as they went along, the heavy cross-ties they had
prepared themselves with. This was done by breaking out the
end of the hindmost box-car, and pitching them out. Thus
"nip and tuck" they passed with fearful speed Resaca, Tilton,
and on through Dalton. The rails they had taken up last they
took off with them, beside throwing out cross-ties upon the track
occasionally, hoping thereby the more surely to impede the pursuit; but all this was like tow to the touch of fire to the now
thoroughly aroused, excited, and eager pursuers. These men,
though so much excited and influenced by so much determination, still retained their well known caution, were looking out
for this danger, and discovered it, and, though it was seemingly
an insuperable obstacle to their making any headway in pursuit,
was quickly overcome by the genius of Fuller and Murphy.
Coming to where the rails were torn up they stopped; tore up
the rails behind them, and laid them down before till they had
passed over that obstacle. When the cross-ties were reached
they hauled to and threw them off, and then proceeded, and
under these difficulties gained on the frightened fugitives. At
Dalton they halted a moment. Fuller put off the telegraph operator, with instructions to telegraph to Chattanooga to have them
stopped, in case he should fail to overhaul them. Fuller pressed
on in hot chase, sometimes in sight, as much to prevent their
cutting the wires before the message could be sent, as to catch
them. The daring adventurers stopped just opposite, and very
near to where Col. Glenn's regiment is encamped, and cut the
wires; but the operator at Dalton had put the message through
about two minutes before.  They also again tore up the track, cut
down a telegraph pole, and placed the two ends of it under the
cross-ties, and the middle over the rail on the track.  The pursuers stopped again, and got over this impediment in the same
manner they. did before-taking up rails behind, and laying
them down before. Once over this, they shot on, and passed
through the great tunnel at Tunnel Hill, being only five minutes
behind. The fugitives, finding themselves closely pursued, uncoupled two of the box-cars from the engine, to impede the
32 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE
progress of the pursuers. Fuller hastily coupled them to the
front of his engine, and pushed them ahead of him to the first
turn-out or siding, where they were left, thus preventing the
collision the adventurers intended. Thus the engine thieves
passed Ringgold, where they began to fag. They were out of
wood, water, and oil. Their rapid running and inattention to
the engine had melted all the brass from the journals. They had
no time to repair and refit, for an iron horse of more bottom was
close behind. Fuller and Murphy, and their men, soon came
within four hundred yards of them, when the fugitives jumped
from the engine and left it-three on the north side and five on
the south, all fleeing precipitately, and scattering through the
thicket. Fuller and his party also took to the woods after them.
Some gentlemen, also well armed, took the engine and some
cars of the down passenger train at Calhoun, and followed up
Fuller and Murphy, and their party in the chase, but a short
distance behind, and reached the place of the stampede but a
very few minutes after the first pursuers did.
A large number of men were soon mounted, armed, and
scouring the entire country in search of them. Fortunately,
there was a militia muster at Ringgold. A great many countrymen were in town. Hearing of the chase, they put out on foot
and on horseback in every direction in search of the daring but
now thoroughly frightened and fugitive men.
We learn that Fuller, soon after leaving his engine, in passing
a cabin in the country, found a mule, having on a bridle but no
saddle, and tied to a fence. " Here's your mule," he shouted, as
he leaped upon his back, and put out as fast as a good switch
well applied, could impart vigor to the muscles and accelerate
the speed of the patient donkey.  The cry of "Here's your
mule," and " Where's my mule?" have become national, and are
generally heard when, on the one hand no mule is about, and
on the other, when no one is hunting a mule. It seems not
to be understood by any one, though it is a peculiar Confederate phrase, and is as popular as Dixie. from the Potomac to
Rio Grande. It remained for Fuller, in the midst of this exciting chase, to solve the mysterious meaning of the national byword or phrase, and give it a practical application.
All of the eight men were captured, and are now safely lodged
in jail. The particulars of their capture we have not received.
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'this we hope to obtain in time for a postscript to this, or for our
second edition. They confessed that they belonged to Lincoln's
army, and had been sent down from Shelbyville to burn the
bridges between here and Chattanooga, and that the whole party
consisted of nineteen men, eleven of whom were dropped at
several points on the road, as they came down to assist in the
burning of the bridges as they went back.
When the morning freight-train which left this city reached
Big Shanty, Lieut.-Col. R. F. Maddox and C. P. Phillips took
the engine and a few cars, with fifty picked men, well armed,
and followed on as rapidly as possible. They passed over all
difficulties, and got as far as Calhoun, where they learned the
fugitives had taken to the woods, and were pursued by plenty
of men with the means to catch them, if it were possible.
One gentleman who went upon the train from Calhoun, who
has furnished us with many of these particulars, and who, by the
way, is one of the most experienced railroad men in Georgia,
says too much praise cannot be bestowed on Fuller and Murphy,
who showed a cool judgment and forethought in this extraordinary affair unsurpassed by anything he ever knew in a railroad
emergency. This gentleman, we learn from another, offered on
his own account, $100 reward on each man for the apprehension
of the villains.
We do not know what Gov. Brown will do in this case, or
what is his custom in such matters but if such a thing is admissible, we insist on Fuller and Murphy being promoted to the
highest honors on the road, if not by actually giving them the
highest position, at least let them be prnoted by brevet.  Certainly their indomitable energy and quick, correct judgment and
decision in the many difficult contingencies connected with this
unheard-of emergency have saved all the railroad bridges above
Ringgold from being burned. The most daring seheme that this
revolution has developed has been thwarted, and the tremendous
results which, if successful, can scarcely be imagined, much less
described, have ben averted.  Had they succeeded in burning
the bridges, the enemy at Huntsville would have occupied Chattanooga before Sunday night.  Yesterday they would have been
in Knoxville, and thus had possession of all East Tennessee.
Our forces at Knoxville, Greenville, and Cumberland Gap would
sre this havebteen in the hands of the enemy.  Lyuchburg, Vir
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
ginia, would have been moved upon at once. This would have
given them possession of the valley of Virginian and Stonewall
Jackson could have been attacked in the rear. They would have
possession of the railroad leading to Charlottesville and Orange
Court-House, as well as the South. side Railroad leading to
Petersburg and Richmond. They might have been able to unite
with McClellan's fores, and attack Joe Johnson's army, front
and flank. It is not by any means improbable that our army in
Virginia would have been defeated, captured, or driven out of
the State this week.
Then reinforcements from all the eastern and south-east portions of the country would have been cut off from Beauregard.
The enemy have Huntsville now, and, with all these designs
accomplished, his army would have been effectually flanked.
The mind and heart shrink back appalled at the bare contemplation of the awful consequences which would have followed
the success of this one act. When Fuller, Murphy, and men
started from Big Shanty on foot to catch that fugitive engine,
they were involuntarily laughed at by the crowd, serious as the
matter was, and to most observers it was indeed most ludicrous;
but that foot-race saved us, and prevented the consummation of
all these tremendous consequences.
One fact we must not omit to mention is the valuable assistance rendered by Peter Bracken, the engineer on the down
freight train which Fuller and Murphy turned back. He ran
his engine fifty and a half miles (two of them backing the whole
freight train up to Adairsville), made twelve stops, coupled to the
two cars which the fugitives had dropped, and switched them
off on sidings; all this in one hour and five minutes.
We doubt if the victory of Manassas or Corinth were worth
as much to us as the frustration of this grand coup d'etat. It is
not by any means certain that the annihilation of Beauregard's
whole army at Corinth would be so fatal a blow to us as would
have been the burning of the bridges at that-time by these men.
When we learned, by a private telegraph dispatch a few days
ago, that the Yankees had taken Huntsville, we attached no
great importance to it. We regarded it merely as a dashing
foray of a small party to destroy property, tear up the road, &c.,
2 la Morgan.  When an additional telegram announced the
Federal force there to be from 17,000 to 20,000, we were inclined
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to doubt it, though coming from a perfectly honorable and up right gentleman, who would not be apt to seize upon a wild
report to send here to his friends. The coming to that point
with a large force, where they would be flanked on either side
by our army, we regarded as a most stupid and unmilitary act.
We now understand it all.  They were to move upon Chatta nooga and Knoxville as soon as the bridges were burned, and
press on into Virginia as far as possible, and take all our forces
in that State in the rear. It was all the deepest laid scheme, and
on the grandest scale that everemanated from the brains of any
number of Yankees combined. It was one that was also entirely
practicable on almost any day for the last year. There were but
two miscalculations in the whole programme: They did not
expect men to start out afoot to pursue them, and they did not
expect these pursuers on foot to find Maj. Cooper's old " Yonah"
standingthere all readyfiredup. Theircalculationsonevery other
point were dead certainties, and would have succeeded perfectly.
This would have eclipsed anything Captain Morgan ever
attempted.  To think of a parcel of Union soldiers, officers and
privates, coming dclown into the heart of the Confederate States,
for they were here in Atlanta and at Marietta (some of them got
on the train at Marietta that morning, and others were at Big
Shanty); of playing such a serious game on the State road, which
is under the control of our prompt, energetic, and sagacious
Governor, known as such all over America; to seize the passenger train on his road, right at Camp McDonald, where he has a
number of Georgia regiments encamped, and run off with it; to
burn the bridges on the same road, and go safely through to the
Union lines; all this would have been a feather in the cap of the
man or men who executed it.
Let this be a warning to the railroad medn and everybody else in
the Confederate States.  Let an engine never be left alone a
moment. Let additional guards be placed at our bridges. This
is a matter we especially urged in the Confederacy long ago:
we hope it will now be heeded.  Further, let a sufficient guard
be placed to watch the Government stores in this city, and let
increased vigilance and watchfulness be put forth by the watchmen. We know one solitary man who is guarding a house, of
nights, in this city, which contains a lot of bacon.  Two or three
men could throttle and gag him, and set fire to the house at any
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time; and worse, he conceives that there is no necessity for a
guard, as he is sometimes seen off duty for a few moments, fully
long enough for an incendiary to burn the house he watches.
Let Mr. Shackelford, whom we know to be watchful and attentive to his duties, take the responsibility at once of placing a
well-armed guard of sufficient force around every house containing Government stores. Let this be done without waiting for
instructions from Richmond. One other thought: The press is
requested, by the Government, to keep silent about the movements of the army, and a great many things of the greatest interest to our people. It has, in the main, patriotically complied.
We have complied in most cases, but our judgment was against
it all the while.  The plea is that the enemy will get the news
if it is published in our papers. Now, we again ask, what's the
use?  The enemy get what information they want.  They are
with us and pass among us almost daily; they find out from us
what they want to know by passing through our country unimpeded.  It is nonsense, it is folly, to deprive our own people of
knowledge they are entitled to and ought to know, for fear the
enemy will find it out. We ought to have a regular system of
passports over all roads, and refuse to let any man pass who could
not give a good account of himself come well vouched for, and
make it fully appear that he is not an enemy, and that he is on
legitimate business  This would  keep information from the
enemy far more effectually than any reticence of the press, which
ought to lay before our people the full facts in everything of a
public nature.
Jacob Parrot was duly sworn and examined, as follows:
By the Judge Advocate-Question. What is your position
in the military service?
Answer. I am a private in Company K, 33d Ohio Regiment.
Question. What is your age?
Answer. I will be twenty years old next July.
Question. In what part of Ohio did you reside?
Answer. I lived in Hlardin county.
Question. You have heard the testimony of Mr. Pettinger.
Will you state whether, as far as the matters to which he has
deposed have come to your knowledge, they are true, according
to your best information and belief?
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Answer. Yes, Sir; they are.
Question. You were a member of the expedition of which
he has testified?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Will you state the circumstances of your capture
and the treatment you received?
Answer. There was a man named Robinson, of our party,
who was captured with me. We took to the woods after we left
the train, and after a time we came down out of the woods.
When we came out on the railroad there were four citizens there,
who saw us and took us. We were taken to Ringgold, where a
company of Confederate soldiers were stationed. When we got
into the hands of an officer, one of them took me out and questioned me, but I would not tell them anything.  An officer and
four soldiers took me out and stripped me, and bent me over a
stone and whipped me. They stood by me with two pistols, and
said if I resisted they would blow me through. I was whipped
by an officer, a lieutenant, who was with the party, and who had
on the uniform. He gave me over one hundred lashes with a
raw hide. Hie stopped three different times during the whipping,
let me up, and asked me if I would tell and when I refused to
do so he would put me down and whip me again. Hie wanted
me to tell who the engineer of the party was, and all about the
expedition, but I would not do it. I did not tell him anything
about it. The engineer was one of our soldiers, who was finally
captured with the rest.
Question. Were other persons present when you were flogged?
Answer. Yes, Sir; there was a crowd there. It was right by
the side of the railroad, and the people there wanted to hang me.
They got a rope and would have hung me, but for a colonel who
came up.
Question. Did you have any trial of any sort?
Answer. No, Sir.
Question. Your companion was with you at the time?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Why was he not whipped?
Answer. I do not know.  He told the regiment that he and
[ belonged to. I suppose, as I was the youngest, they thought
that they could make me tell the most; but I would not tell them
anything not even the regiment I belonged to.
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Question. Will you state the circumstances under which you
joined the expedition?
Answer. My captain called me out of the tent and asked me
to take a walk with him. We walked down toward the guard
quarters, and he asked me if I would go on a secret expedition,
and told me that, if I agreed to go, I should go up to his tent in
about half an hour and report to him. I went up and told him
I would go.
Question. Did he know the precise object of the expedition?
Answer. No, Sir; he only knew that it was a secret one, and
so told me.
Question. Will you state how long you felt the effects of the
flogging you received?
Answer. I was very sore for about two weeks afterward; my
back was very weak, and I have not got over it yet.
Question. Was any disposition manifested, upon the part of
the Confederate authorities, to relieve you from the effects and
sufferings produced by this flogging?
Answer. No, Sir; except a short time before I came away
from Richmond, when I got a doctor to look at my back, and he
put some mustard plasters on it, which, I think, helped it some.
Question. Were you with Mr. Pettinger, and the others of
your party present here, duririg-the confinement of which he has
spoken?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. At what age did you enlist?
Answer. I enlisted a year ago last Fall, when I was a little
over eighteen years old.
Question. iHave you a father and mother living?
Answer. No, Sir.
Question. Will you describe particularly the manner in which
you and your fellow-prisoners were chained in the jail at Chattanooga?
Answer. We were all handcuffed together. I and some others
had trace-chains around our necks secured by padlocks; we were
secured in that way, two by two.
Question. Will you state the character of the food furnished
you in your prisons?
Answer. At Chattanooga we got some wheat flour mixed up
with a little water and baked, and some spoiled pickled beef.
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
That was all we got, and we had a very small supply at that.
We had it only twice a day.
Question. What was your condition in other respects, so far
as ventilation and light were concerned, while you were in the
prison at Chattanooga?
Answer. We had scarcely any light at all. Frequently we
could not see to pick up a pin off from the floor. The windows
were very small, and the room was so close, and we were so
warm, that we had to take our clothes off entirely. We were
covered with vermin. The room was so small that we could not
all lie down, and we had to rest ourselves by leaning against the
walls. We were not allowed to leave the room under any circumstances while we were confined in it.
Question. Were you searched when you were taken?
Answer. When I and my companion were taken we were
searched, and our money all taken from us before we were taken
to Chattanooga. It was taken from us by some of the officers,
and never returned to us.
his
JACOB ~ PARROT,
mark.
Company K, 33d Ohio Volunteers.
Robert Buffum was duly sworn and examined as follows:
By the Judge Advocate.  Question. What is your position in
the service?
Answer. I am a private in Company A, 21st Ohio Regiment.
Question. Wereyou a memberofthe expeditionsent out by Gen.
Mitchell, of which Mr. Pittenger and Mr. Parrot have testified?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Have you heard the testimony of these two witnesses?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Have you, or not, a personal knowledge of the
matters spoken of by them?
Answer. Yes, Sir, I have.
Question. Will you state whether, according to the best of
your knowledge and belief, the statements which they have made
are true?
Answer. Yes, Sir, they are.
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Question. Is there anything in addition, which you recollect,
that you can state?
Answer. I would say, that when the boys were taken out for
execution, Mr. Robinson, the one who was taken with Mr. Parrot,
and was with him when he was whipped, was taken from a sick
bed to be executed. He was unable to walk.
Question. Was he tied like the rest?
Answer. Yes, Sir; his arms were tied behind him, and he was
carried out in that condition. Mr. Ross, one of those who were
executed, was a Freemason; he made himself known to three or
four officers who were Masons, and they obtained for him the
privilege of writing home to his friends. He was the only one
in that party who had that privilege.
Question. Have you any knowledge of money being taken
from members of your party?
Answer. We were captured in different parties.  Money was
taken from us by the officers-from some at the time we were
taken, and from others when they were confined in prison.  I
was with Mr. Wilson, one of those who were executed, and Mr.
Dorsey, one of those who escaped, and Mr. Bensinger, who is
here. They took all our money away from us. Mr. Wilson
and I had ninety-six dollars between us; I had fifty-two dollars
myself. They took away all our money, and our revolvers,
pocket-knives, and every thing that could be of any use. The
money was never returned to us. It was a Major who took the
money. We four were taken to Ringgold, and when we were
taken into the jail we were stripped, our clothes turned inside
out, and everything examined. Mr. Bensinger, who was with
me when we were captured, was taken before a colonel, who took
him into a room and questioned him. That night they took us
to Marietta,' where we were confined in a dungeon under ground,
similar to the one at Chattanooga. The rats were running over
us in every direction; there were balls of wool all over the floor
that the rats had rolled up. We could hardly get our breath.
There were 150 guards around the jail to keep the mob from
taking us out, as they would have done but for the guard. The
next day we were taken to Chattanooga, where we met the rest
of the party.
Question. Will you state the circumstances under which you
joined the expedition?
'''.*...** *
'"*:'*:   eel *ee.
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Answer. My captain came to me and called me from the tent,
and asked me if I was willing to go on a secret expedition, and
said that if I was I should report to him in twenty minutes, or
as soon as I could. I asked him the nature of the business, and
he said he could not tell me anything; but if I did not wish to
go there would be nothing more said about it. I told him I
would go. He then told me to report to the Colonel, which I
did, and he gave me a pass to Shelbyville, where I was to meet
Mr. Andrews at a tavern.  Shortly after I arrived there Mr.
Andrews appeared. There was a man with me by the name of
Wilson, and another by the name of Wood, belonging to the
21st. Mr. Andrews gave me forty dollars to purchase citizen's
clothes with. It being all in gold I got our three suits for the
forty dollars. That night, the 7th of April, we commenced our
march. About a mile from town Mr. Andrews gathered us
together, as we came along in twos and threes, and told us that
our object was to destroy the bridges, cut off communications,
etc., and he would meet us at Chattanooga. iHe gave me five
men to take through. We met at Chattanooga, where we procured tickets for Marietta. When we got in Marietta we stopped
over night, and at four o'clock in the morning took the down
train, arrived at Big Shanty, from seven to nine miles from Marietta, where we seized the engine with three box cars, which we
detached from the rest of the train, and started off. There were
four or five regiments encamped within forty or fifty rods of the
train as we started. We proceeded about a hundred miles before
we left the train and took to the woods. We had no time to
destroy the bridges, because we were followed so closely by the
other trains that happened to be there that day; and we were
delayed also by having to stop to allow other trains to pass us.
That delayed us about an hour. We were at a station oiling our
engine when the pursuing engine came in sight, and we started
off again. We ran at the rate of about sixty miles an hour, and
when we thought we had got far enough ahead of them we would
stop, get off and cut the wires, so that they could not send information ahead of us, and take up the track so as to delay them,
and then start again. Finally our wood and water gave out, and
Mr. Andrews told us to shift for ourselves.   Mr. Andrews
retained his presence of mind until the last moment.
Question. Who acted as the engineer?
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Answer. A man by the name of Brown, of the 21st Ohio Regiment. He was one of those who escaped after breaking out
of the jail at Atlanta.
ROBERT BUFFUM.
Co. H, 21st Ohio Volunteers.
Corporal William Reddick was duly sworn and examined as
follows:
By the Judge Advocate:
Question. Will you state your position in the military
service?
Answer. I am corporal in Co. B, 33d Ohio Regiment.
Question. When and for how long did you enlist?
Answer. I enlisted on the 18th of August, 1861, for three
years.
Question. Were you a member of the secret expedition sent
out by Gen. Mitchell, of which the other witnesses here have
testified?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Will you state the circumstances under which you
were engaged in that expedition?
Answer. I was sitting by the camp fire when the captain and
second lieutenant called me up to them. The captain told me
that there was a secret expedition on hand, and he wished I
would go with it, stating that he preferred me before any other
of his company, and that he had to furnish a man from his company. He said we were to enter into the enemy's lines, capture
a train, and destroy the bridges on the road; that it would be
very easily accomplished; that we had a good leader, a man who
understood the business, and who had been employed in the
service of the United States. He told me that he would give
me three-quarters of an hour to study upon it, whether I would
go or not. I went to my tent, and, after a time, I went up and
reported that I would go.  He took me to the colonel, and the
colonel told me to get all the citizen's clothing that I could procure in camp. I only made out to get two checked shirts of one
of our boys who had just returned to camp, and a pair of jean
pants from the cook in the hospital. We were then taken to
Shelbyville, where we procured clothes, and then we returned
back to the camp for supper. After supper we were taken back
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
to Shelbyville. We went out upon the railroad a mile and a
half or two miles, and there we stopped and money was given
to us. We were unacquainted, at that time, with each other.
We divided into squads. John Whollan and myself went up the
railroad about five miles that night. We stopped at a house
where there was a light, and represented ourselves as strangers
who desired to stop for the night. There was a lady there, a
Southern woman, who told us we could not stay in the house,
as her children were sick. She told us to go to the negro quarters, if we wished to get out of the rain, for it was raining very
hard at the time. We told the negroes there that we were trying to make our way to our command, which we represented to
be at Round Gap. This the negroes told to the lady of the
house, who came down to see us, and desired us to go over to
her uncle's, where we could get better accommodation. We did
not do so, but went to bed and slept until about four o'clock,
when our breakfast was sent to us from the house, and we then
started off on the right-hand road and went some seven miles,
where we got conveyance to Manchester, and from Manchester
we footed it, procuring conveyance along the road as we could
get it. We left camp on the 7th of April and got to Chattanooga on 10th. On the 11th we took passage in the cars to
Marietta, and arrived there about midnight.
Question. You have heard the narrative of the subsequent
events, as given by the witnesses here; does it accord with your
recollection of the facts?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Is there anything in addition that occurs to you
that you desire to state?
Answer. I think of nothing else, except that when I was
arrested and brought to Chattanooga Mr. Andrews was taken
before Gen. Leadbetter, of whom he asked the privilege of
sending a flag of truce to our lines, which was denied. We were
ironed and confined, and received the same treatment as our
comrades.
Question. You were with the witnesses who have deposed
here and the other members of the expedition throughout all the
time of your confinement in the prisons of the South?
Answer. Yes, Sir; except that we were separated a little time;
a portion were sent to Knoxville. After we were brought
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
together  again  we  remained  together  until we  were  exchanged.
WILLIAM REDDICK.
Co. B, 88d Regt. Ohio Vol&
William Bensinger was duly sworn and examined as follows:
By the Judge Advocate:
Question. Will you state your position in the service?
Answer. I am a private in Co. G, 25th Ohio Infantry.
Question. In what part of the State did you enlist, and when,
and for how long a time?
Answer. I enlisted in Hancock County, Ohio, on the 21st of
August, 1861, for three years. 
Question. Were you a member of this secret expedition sent
out by Gen. Mitchell?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Under what circumstances did you become a member of it?
Answer. The day before we started my captain called me one
side and told me that he wanted me to report to the colonel the
next morning. I asked him if he knew what the colonel wanted
with me. He said he supposed it was for a secret expedition,
but he could not tell me what.  I told him I would go, and
reported to the colonel as ordered.  The colonel gave me a pass
and directed me to report to Mr. Andrews at Shelbyville, at a
hotel there. The colonel told me I was to obey the orders of
Mr. Andrews, and also told me to procure citizen's clothes,
which I did. I went to Shelbyville and reported there, and on
the evening of the 7th of April we left. Four of us arrived at
Marietta about 4 o'clock in the afternoon on the 11th of April.
As I learned afterward, the rest got there some time in the night.
The next morning we took the train back, paying our fare to
Big Shanty; and while they were at breakfast there we seized
the train.
Question. You have heard the statements of the witnesses
who have testified here in regard to the subsequent events ol
the expedition, and the facts connected with their confinement in
the prisons of the South until you were exchanged at Richmond?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
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OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Question. Do you consider these statements correct, and in
accordance with your recollections of the facts?
Answer. I do; for I have had personal knowledge of them,
and have been with these witnesses throughout the period of
their confinement.
Question. Where was Gen. Mitchell's headquarters at the time
this expedition set out?
Answer. It was close by the town of Shelbyville, Tennessee,
and just across the river-probably forty rods from the town.
Question. Are you acquainted with Sergt. E. A. Mason of
Company K, 21st Ohio regiment?
Answer. Yes, Sir.
Question. Was he with you as a member of the expedition,
and with you during your confinement in the South?
Answer. ile was.
Question. Where is he, and why is he not here with you
to-day?
Answer. Hle is in the city, but confined to his room, on
account of sickness.
WILLIAM BENSINGER,
Company G, 21st Ohio volunteers.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington County: I certify that the
foregoing depositions of William Pittenger, Jacob Parrot, Robert
Buffum, William Reddick, and William Bensinger, were sworn
to and subscribed before me this twenty-fifth day of March, in
the year 1863.
N. CALLAN,
Justice of the Peace in and for the County of Washington, D.C.
AWARD OF MEDALS AND PROMOTION OF THE SOLDIERS.
The party of Ohio soldiers recently returned from the Southern barbarians, and whose depositions have been taken by
Judge Advocate General Holt, were by appointment introduced
to the Secretary of War by Gen. Hitchcock. After complimenting them upon their fortitude and devotion to the Union, the
46 
OHIO BOYS IN DIXIE.
Secretary presented to private Jacob Parrot, the boy who
received a hundred lashes on his bare back without flinching,
the first medal given under the recent act of Congress authorizing the presentation of medals to soldiers for meritorious services.
Sergt. E. I. Mason, Corp. Wm. Pittenger, Corp. Reddick,
and Privates Robert Buffum and W. Bensinger, were also made
the recipients of similar medals. The Secretary then gave to
each the brevet of First Lieutenant, and the sum of $100 in
money, as a slight compensation for the losses they had sustained
and the suffering they had borne.   The party then visited President Lincoln, to whom they were presented by Gen. Hitchcock.
They were received very cordially by the President, who
expressed his gratification at the opportunity afforded him to
thank them personally for their heroic conduct.   The soldiers
belong to the 2d, 21st, and 33d Ohio Volunteers.
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